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Li QY, Fu Y, Cui XJ, Wang ZT, Tan L. Association of modified dementia risk score with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition in adults without dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1339163. [PMID: 39081396 PMCID: PMC11286572 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1339163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the cognitive profile and prospective cognitive changes in non-demented adults with elevated Modified Dementia Risk Scores (MDRS), while also exploring the potential relationship between these associations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and neuroinflammation. Methods Within the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) database, 994 participants without dementia were assessed on MDRS, CSF biomarkers and cognition. We examined the associations of the MDRS with CSF biomarkers and cognitive scores using linear regressions. Causal mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the associations among MDRS, brain pathologies, and cognition. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study was used to validate the mediation effects and to investigate the longitudinal association between MDRS and cognitive decline. Results The results revealed that higher MDRS were linked to poorer cognitive performance (Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001) and increases in CSF levels of phosphorylated tau (P-tau, Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), total tau (T-tau, Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), P-tau/Aβ42 ratio (Model 1: PFDR = 0.023; Model 2: PFDR = 0.028), T-tau/Aβ42 ratio (Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTrem2, Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001) in the CABLE study. The impact of MDRS on cognition was partially mediated by neuroinflammation and tau pathology. These mediation effects were replicated in the ADNI study. Baseline MDRS were significantly associated with future cognitive decline, as indicated by lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, Model 1: PFDR = 0.045; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), ADNI composite memory score (ADNI-MEM, Model 1: PFDR = 0.005; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), ADNI composite executive function score (ADNI-EF, Model 1: PFDR = 0.045; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), and higher score on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS13, Model 1: PFDR = 0.045; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001). Discussion The findings of this study revealed significant associations between MDRS and cognitive decline, suggesting a potential role of tau pathology and neuroinflammation in the link between MDRS and poorer cognitive performance in individuals without dementia. Consequently, the MDRS holds promise as a tool for targeted preventive interventions in individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Yao Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Jing Cui
- Department of Outpatient, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
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Marino FR, Deal JA, Dougherty RJ, Bilgel M, Tian Q, An Y, Simonsick EM, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Spira AP, Wanigatunga AA, Schrack JA. Differences in Daily Physical Activity by Alzheimer's Risk Markers Among Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae119. [PMID: 38742659 PMCID: PMC11157965 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily physical activity patterns differ by Alzheimer's disease (AD) status and might signal cognitive risk. It is critical to understand whether patterns are disrupted early in the AD pathological process. Yet, whether established AD risk markers (β-amyloid [Aβ] or apolipoprotein E-ε4 [APOE-ε4]) are associated with differences in objectively measured activity patterns among cognitively unimpaired older adults is unclear. METHODS Wrist accelerometry, brain Aβ (+/-), and APOE-ε4 genotype were collected in 106 (Aβ) and 472 (APOE-ε4) participants (mean age 76 [standard deviation{SD}: 8.5) or 75 [SD: 9.2] years, 60% or 58% women) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Adjusted linear and function-on-scalar regression models examined whether Aβ or APOE-ε4 status was cross-sectionally associated with activity patterns (amount, variability, or fragmentation) overall and by time of day, respectively. Differences in activity patterns by combinations of Aβ and APOE-ε4 status were descriptively examined (n = 105). RESULTS There were no differences in any activity pattern by Aβ or APOE-ε4 status overall. Aβ+ was associated with lower total amount and lower within-day variability of physical activity overnight and early evening, and APOE-ε4 carriers had higher total amount of activity in the evening and lower within-day variability of activity in the morning. Diurnal curves of activity were blunted among those with Aβ+ regardless of APOE-ε4 status, but only when including older adults with mild cognitive impairment/dementia. CONCLUSIONS Aβ+ in cognitively unimpaired older adults might manifest as lower amount and variability of daily physical activity, particularly during overnight/evening hours. Future research is needed to examine changes in activity patterns in larger samples and by other AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Marino
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Deal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan J Dougherty
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qu Tian
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang An
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amal A Wanigatunga
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Xu Z, Tang J, Yi W. Evidence mapping and quality assessment of systematic reviews on exercise intervention for Alzheimer's disease. Complement Ther Med 2024; 84:103065. [PMID: 38955283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant body of literature suggests that exercise can reverse cognitive impairment and ameliorate somatic function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Systematic reviews (SRs), a common approach of evidence-based medicine, concentrate on a specific issue of a research area. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of existing evidence on the effects of exercise intervention in AD patients and report related health outcomes by reviewing SRs. METHODS SRs on exercise intervention in AD patients were retrieved from the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CBMdisc, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase (via Ovid), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases from the time of inception to February 2023. The quality of the SRs was evaluated utilizing the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review 2 (AMSTAR 2) checklist. The results were reported according to the population-intervention-comparison-outcome (PICO) framework and the corresponding evidence mapping was illustrated in tables and bubble plots. RESULTS A total of 26 SRs met the eligibility criteria. In terms of methodological quality, 10 SRs were rated as "critically low", 13 SRs were rated as "low", and 3 SRs were rated as "moderate". Exercise was found to exert a beneficial effect on cognitive function, functional independence, physical function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD. CONCLUSION Exercise intervention benefits AD patients mainly by improving cognitive function, physical function, functional independence, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, due to the low-to-moderate methodology of most SRs included in this analysis, further investigations are required to support our current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yi
- Middle School Affiliated to Qingpu Teachers Training College of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Ourry V, Binette AP, St-Onge F, Strikwerda-Brown C, Chagnot A, Poirier J, Breitner J, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Rabin JS, Buckley R, Gonneaud J, Marchant NL, Villeneuve S. How Do Modifiable Risk Factors Affect Alzheimer's Disease Pathology or Mitigate Its Effect on Clinical Symptom Expression? Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1006-1019. [PMID: 37689129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that modifiable risk factors account for approximately 40% of the population variability in risk of developing dementia, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent findings suggest that these factors may also modify disease trajectories of people with autosomal-dominant AD. With positron emission tomography imaging, it is now possible to study the disease many years before its clinical onset. Such studies can provide key knowledge regarding pathways for either the prevention of pathology or the postponement of its clinical expression. The former "resistance pathway" suggests that modifiable risk factors could affect amyloid and tau burden decades before the appearance of cognitive impairment. Alternatively, the resilience pathway suggests that modifiable risk factors may mitigate the symptomatic expression of AD pathology on cognition. These pathways are not mutually exclusive and may appear at different disease stages. Here, in a narrative review, we present neuroimaging evidence that supports both pathways in sporadic AD and autosomal-dominant AD. We then propose mechanisms for their protective effect. Among possible mechanisms, we examine neural and vascular mechanisms for the resistance pathway. We also describe brain maintenance and functional compensation as bases for the resilience pathway. Improved mechanistic understanding of both pathways may suggest new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ourry
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frédéric St-Onge
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Judes Poirier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Breitner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Buckley
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Callow DD, Spira AP, Zipunnikov V, Lu H, Wanigatunga SK, Rabinowitz JA, Albert M, Bakker A, Soldan A. Sleep and physical activity measures are associated with resting-state network segregation in non-demented older adults. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103621. [PMID: 38823249 PMCID: PMC11179421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Greater physical activity and better sleep are associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia among older adults, but little is known about their combined associations with measures of brain function and neuropathology. This study investigated potential independent and interactive cross-sectional relationships between actigraphy-estimated total volume of physical activity (TVPA) and sleep patterns [i.e., total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE)] with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) measures of large scale network connectivity and positron emission tomography (PET) measures of amyloid-β. Participants were 135 non-demented older adults from the BIOCARD study (116 cognitively normal and 19 with mild cognitive impairment; mean age = 70.0 years). Using multiple linear regression analyses, we assessed the association between TVPA, TST, and SE with connectivity within the default-mode, salience, and fronto-parietal control networks, and with network modularity, a measure of network segregation. Higher TVPA and SE were independently associated with greater network modularity, although the positive relationship of SE with modularity was only present in amyloid-negative individuals. Additionally, higher TVPA was associated with greater connectivity within the default-mode network, while greater SE was related to greater connectivity within the salience network. In contrast, longer TST was associated with lower network modularity, particularly among amyloid-positive individuals, suggesting a relationship between longer sleep duration and greater network disorganization. Physical activity and sleep measures were not associated with amyloid positivity. These data suggest that greater physical activity levels and more efficient sleep may promote more segregated and potentially resilient functional networks and increase functional connectivity within specific large-scale networks and that the relationship between sleep and functional networks connectivity may depend on amyloid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Callow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Sarah K Wanigatunga
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ US
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
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Wu JJ, Yu H, Bi SG, Wang ZX, Gong J, Mao YM, Wang FZ, Zhang YQ, Nie YJ, Chai GS. Aerobic exercise attenuates autophagy-lysosomal flux deficits by ADRB2/β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated V-ATPase assembly factor VMA21 signaling in APP-PSEN1/PS1 mice. Autophagy 2024; 20:1015-1031. [PMID: 37964627 PMCID: PMC11135842 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2281134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal pathway deficits contribute to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer disease (AD). Aerobic exercise (AE) has long been investigated as an approach to delay and treat AD, although the exact role and mechanism are not well known. Here, we revealed that AE could reverse autophagy-lysosomal deficits via activation of ADRB2/β2-adrenergic receptor, leading to significant attenuation of amyloid-β pathology in APP-PSEN1/PS1 mice. Molecular mechanism research found that AE could reverse autophagy deficits by upregulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) signaling pathway. Moreover, AE could reverse V-ATPase function by upregulating VMA21 levels. Inhibition of ADRB2 by propranolol (antagonist, 30 μM) blocked AE-attenuated Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits by inhibiting autophagy-lysosomal flux. AE may mitigate AD via many pathways, while ADRB2-VMA21-V-ATPase could improve cognition by enhancing the clearance of Aβ through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which also revealed a novel theoretical basis for AE attenuating pathological progression and cognitive deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Wu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of electrophysiology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Children’s Healthcare Center), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Guang Bi
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Xuan Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Ming Mao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Juan Nie
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Pucci IM, Aguiar AF, Pucci RM, Casonatto J, Borghi SM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of exercise interventions on amyloid beta levels in humans. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1011-1024. [PMID: 38551691 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common type of dementia. A crucial mechanism attributed to its development is amyloid beta (Aβ) dynamics dysregulation. The extent to which exercise can modulate this phenomenon is uncertain. The aim of this study was to summarize the existing literature evaluating this issue. A comprehensive systematic search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and SciELO databases and completed in August 2023, aiming to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of exercise upon Aβ-related pathology. The keywords "exercise" and "amyloid beta", as well as all their equivalents and similar terms, were used. For the analysis, the negative or positive dementia status of the subjects was initially considered and then the soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) components and Aβ fragments separately. A meta-analysis was performed and involved eight studies (moderate-to-high quality) and 644 assessments, which were 297 for control and 347 for exercise. No overall effect favoring exercise interventions was observed for both negative (SMD95%=0,286 [-0,131; 0,704]; p = 0,179) or positive AD dementia status (SMD95%=0,110 [-0,155; 0,375]; p = 0,416). The absence of an overall effect favoring exercise interventions was also found for Aβ peptides (SMD95%=0,226 [-0,028; 0,480]; p = 0,081) and for sAPP components (SMD95%=-0,038 50 [-0,472; 0,396]; p = 0,863) levels. Our findings suggest that exercise interventions do not improve Aβ-related pathology in both healthy individuals and individuals with dementia (SMD95%=0,157 [-0,059; 0,373]; p = 0,155), indicating that the beneficial effects of exercise for AD reported in previous studies are related to other mechanistic effects rather than direct amyloid effects (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023426912).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Mayer Pucci
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar), Paraná, Londrina, 86041-140, Brazil
| | - Andreo F Aguiar
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar), Paraná, Londrina, 86041-140, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Pucci
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Cuiabá, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Casonatto
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar), Paraná, Londrina, 86041-140, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marques Borghi
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar), Paraná, Londrina, 86041-140, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Paraná State, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil.
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Sewell KR, Rainey-Smith SR, Pedrini S, Peiffer JJ, Sohrabi HR, Taddei K, Markovic SJ, Martins RN, Brown BM. The impact of exercise on blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively unimpaired older adults. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01130-2. [PMID: 38488949 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a promising preventative strategy for Alzheimer's disease: it is associated with lower dementia risk, better cognition, greater brain volume and lower brain beta-amyloid. Blood-based biomarkers have emerged as a low-cost, non-invasive strategy for detecting preclinical Alzheimer's disease, however, there is limited literature examining the effect of exercise (a structured form of physical activity) on blood-based biomarkers. The current study investigated the influence of a 6-month exercise intervention on levels of plasma beta-amyloid (Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/40), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) chain in cognitively unimpaired older adults, and as a secondary aim, whether blood-based biomarkers related to cognition. Ninety-nine community-dwelling older adults (69.1 ± 5.2) were allocated to an inactive control, or to moderate or high intensity exercise groups where they cycled twice weekly for six months. At baseline and six months (post-intervention), fasted blood was collected and analysed using single molecule array (SIMOA) assays, and cognition was assessed. Results demonstrated no change in levels of any plasma biomarker from pre- to post-intervention. At baseline, higher NfL was associated with poorer cognition (β = -0.33, SE = 0.13, adjusted p = .042). Exploratory analyses indicated higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with higher NfL and GFAP levels in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 non-carriers compared to ε4 carriers (NfL, β = -0.43, SE = 0.19, p = .029; GFAP, β = -0.41, SE = 0.20, p = .044), though this association was mediated by body mass index (BMI). These results highlight the importance of considering BMI in analysis of blood-based biomarkers, especially when investigating differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Our results also indicate that longer follow-up periods may be required to observe exercise-induced change in blood-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Sewell
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shaun J Markovic
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Turnquist BE, MacIver PH, Katzel LI, Waldstein SR. Interactive Relations of Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Sex to Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae018. [PMID: 38486431 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The course of cognitive aging is influenced by multiple health factors. This cross-sectional study investigated the interactive relations between body mass index (BMI), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and sex on neuropsychological outcomes in community-dwelling predominantly older adults. METHODS Participants were 164 healthy adults [M (SD) = 64.6 (12.5) years, 56% men, 87% white] who participated in an investigation of cardiovascular risk factors and brain health. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depression, examined the interactive relations of BMI, VO2max, and sex to multiple neuropsychological outcomes. RESULTS Significant BMI*VO2max*sex interactions for Grooved Pegboard dominant (p = .019) and nondominant (p = .005) hands revealed that men with lower VO2max (l/min) displayed worse performance with each hand as BMI increased (p's < .02). A significant BMI*sex interaction for Logical Memory-Delayed Recall (p = .036) (after adjustment for blood glucose) showed that men, but not women, with higher BMI demonstrated worse performance (p = .036). Lastly, significant main effects indicated that lower VO2max was related to poorer logical memory, and higher BMI was associated with poorer Trail Making B and Stroop interference scores (p's < .05). CONCLUSIONS Among men, higher cardiorespiratory fitness may protect against the negative impact of greater BMI on manual dexterity and motor speed, making VO2max a target for intervention. Higher BMI is further associated with poorer executive function and verbal memory (in men), and lower VO2max is associated with poorer verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eric Turnquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter H MacIver
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Solis-Urra P, Arroyo-Ávila C, Álvarez-Ortega M, Molina-García P, Molina-Hidalgo C, Gómez-Río M, Brown B, Erickson KI, Esteban-Cornejo I. Physical activity and amyloid beta in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:133-144. [PMID: 37558161 PMCID: PMC10980893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ). Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk, and one potential path could be through Aβ levels modulation. We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβ in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28, 2022. Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβ data in adults aged 45 years or older. Multi-level meta-analyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβ levels. RESULTS In total, 37 articles were included (8 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized controlled trials, 4 prospective longitudinal studies, and 22 cross-sectional studies). The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβ was medium (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.69, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -1.41 to 0.03; I2 = 74.6%). However, these results were not statistically significant, and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain Aβ. Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβ in the brain using positron emission tomography scans, CSF, and blood. Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβ only in the CSF (Estimate r = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.05-0.18; I2 = 38.00%). CONCLUSION Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβ in middle-aged and older adults. However, results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies. In observational studies, higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβ only in CSF. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain, CSF, and blood Aβ, as well as its implication for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, GD 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Cristina Arroyo-Ávila
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Miriam Álvarez-Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina-García
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Gómez-Río
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (IBS), Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Belinda Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Advent Health Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute Orlando, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Research Center (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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11
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Gavett BE, Widaman KF, McKenzie C, De Leon FS, Fletcher E, Tomaszewski Farias S, Mungas D. Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:209-219. [PMID: 37721128 PMCID: PMC10922209 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical and recreational activities are behaviors that may modify risk of late-life cognitive decline. We sought to examine the role of retrospectively self-reported midlife (age 40) physical and recreational activity engagement - and self-reported change in these activities from age 40 to initial study visit - in predicting late-life cognition. METHOD Data were obtained from 898 participants in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in demographically and cognitively diverse older adults (Age: range = 49-93 years, M = 75, SD = 7.19). Self-reported physical and recreational activity participation at age 40 and at the initial study visit were quantified using the Life Experiences Assessment Form. Change in activities was modeled using latent change scores. Cognitive outcomes were obtained annually (range = 2-17 years) using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales, which measure verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial processing, and executive functioning. RESULTS Physical activity engagement at age 40 was strongly associated with cognitive performance in all four domains at the initial visit and with global cognitive slope. However, change in physical activities after age 40 was not associated with cognitive outcomes. In contrast, recreational activity engagement - both at age 40 and change after 40 - was predictive of cognitive intercepts and slope. CONCLUSIONS Retrospectively self-reported midlife physical and recreational activity engagement were strongly associated with late-life cognition - both level of performance and rate of future decline. However, the data suggest that maintenance of recreational activity engagement (e.g., writing, taking classes, reading) after age 40 is more strongly associated with late-life cognition than continued maintenance of physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Gavett
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fransia S De Leon
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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12
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Wei M, Wu T, Chen N. Bridging neurotrophic factors and bioactive peptides to Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102177. [PMID: 38142891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. As the demographic shifting towards an aging population, AD has emerged as a prominent public health concern. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, and there are no effective treatment methods for AD until now. In recent years, neurotrophic factors and bioactive peptides including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), irisin, melatonin, have been discovered to exert neuroprotective functions for AD. Bioactive peptides can be divided into two categories based on their sources: endogenous and exogenous. This review briefly elaborates on the pathogenesis of AD and analyzes the regulatory effects of endogenous and exogenous peptides on the pathogenesis of AD, thereby providing new therapeutic targets for AD and a theoretical basis for the application of bioactive peptides as adjunctive therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Wei
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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13
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Gonzales MM, Kojis D, Spartano NL, Thibault EG, DeCarli CS, El Fakhri G, Johnson KA, Beiser AS, Seshadri S. Associations of Physical Activity Engagement with Cerebral Amyloid-β and Tau from Midlife. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:935-943. [PMID: 39031362 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Higher midlife physical activity engagement has been associated with lower dementia risk in late life. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the protective effect remain unclear. Objective The goal of the current study was to evaluate the associations of physical activity with cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in a predominately middle-aged community-based cohort, as well as to explore whether the associations differ by sex or age. Methods Participants from the Framingham Heart Study underwent 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B amyloid and 18F-Flortaucipir tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Total physical activity levels were evaluated by self-report using the Physical Activity Index (PAI). Cross-sectional associations between total PAI with regional Aβ and tau PET retention were evaluated using linear regression models adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Interactions with sex and age group were examined and stratified analyses were performed when significant. FDR-correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Results The sample included 354 participants (mean age 53±8 years, 51% female). Higher total PAI scores were associated with lower entorhinal cortex tau PET binding (β (SE) = -0.021(0.008), p = 0.049). There were significant interactions with sex. In men alone, total PAI inversely associated with entorhinal cortex (β (SE) = -0.035(0.009), p = 0.001), inferior temporal (β (SE) = -0.029(0.010), p = 0.012), and rhinal cortex tau(β (SE) = -0.033(0.010), p = 0.002). Conclusions The results suggest that higher midlife physical activity engagement may confer resistance to tau pathology. However, the effects may vary based on sex, highlighting the importance of better understanding and tailoring lifestyle interventions to address sex disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Kojis
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole L Spartano
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma G Thibault
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Viktorisson A, Buvarp D, Danielsson A, Skoglund T, S Sunnerhagen K. Prestroke physical activity is associated with admission haematoma volume and the clinical outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:511-520. [PMID: 37137521 PMCID: PMC10800276 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prestroke physical activity (PA) has been linked to improved outcomes after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), but its association with ICH volume is unknown. We aimed to investigate associations of prestroke PA with location-specific haematoma volume and the clinical outcome of ICH. METHODS All patients with primary ICH, admitted to three hospitals between 2014 and 2019, were included. Patients performing light PA ≥4 hour/week the year before stroke were considered physically active. Haematoma volumes were assessed from admission brain imaging. Adjusted associations were estimated using multivariate linear and logistic regression models. Haematoma volume was explored as mediator to the relationship between prestroke PA and mild stroke severity (0-4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), a good 1-week functional status (0-3 points on the modified Rankin Scale) and 90-day survival. Average direct effects (ADE) and average causal mediation effects (ACME) were computed. RESULTS Of 686 primary ICH cases, 349 were deep, 240 lobar and 97 infratentorial. Prestroke PA predicted smaller haematoma volumes in deep ICH (β=-0.36, SE=0.09, p<0.001) and lobar ICH (β=-0.23, SE=0.09, p=0.016). Prestroke PA was also associated with mild stroke severity (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.01), a good 1-week functional status (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.30) and 90-day survival (OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.06 to 5.91). Haematoma volume partly mediated the relationships between PA and stroke severity (ADE 0.08, p=0.004; ACME 0.10, p<0.001), 1-week functional status (ADE 0.07, p=0.03; ACME 0.10, p<0.001) and 90-day survival (ADE 0.14, p<0.001; ACME 0.05, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Light PA ≥4 hour/week prior to ICH was associated with smaller haematoma volumes in deep and lobar locations. Physically active patients with ICH had a higher likelihood of mild stroke, a good 1-week functional status and 90-day survival, in part mediated by smaller haematoma volumes on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Viktorisson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dongni Buvarp
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Danielsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Skoglund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina S Sunnerhagen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Grasset L, Planche V, Bouteloup V, Azouani C, Dubois B, Blanc F, Paquet C, David R, Belin C, Jonveaux T, Julian A, Pariente J, Mangin JF, Chêne G, Dufouil C. Physical activity, biomarkers of brain pathologies and dementia risk: Results from the Memento clinical cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5700-5718. [PMID: 37422285 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to examine whether physical activity moderates the association between biomarkers of brain pathologies and dementia risk. METHODS From the Memento cohort, we analyzed 1044 patients with mild cognitive impairment, aged 60 and older. Self-reported physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Biomarkers of brain pathologies comprised medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), white matter lesions, and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 and phosphorylated tau181. Association between physical activity and risk of developing dementia over 5 years of follow-up, and interactions with biomarkers of brain pathologies were tested. RESULTS Physical activity moderated the association between MTA and plasma Aβ42/40 level and increased dementia risk. Compared to participants with low physical activity, associations of both MTA and plasma Aβ42/40 on dementia risk were attenuated in participants with high physical activity. DISCUSSION Although reverse causality cannot be excluded, this work suggests that physical activity may contribute to cognitive reserve. HIGHLIGHTS Physical activity is an interesting modifiable target for dementia prevention. Physical activity may moderate the impact of brain pathology on dementia risk. Medial temporal lobe atrophy and plasma amyloid beta 42/40 ratio were associated with increased dementia risk especially in those with low level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Grasset
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Bouteloup
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
- Pole de sante publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Chabha Azouani
- CATI multicentre imaging platform, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- IM2A AP-HP INSERM UMR-S975 Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Sorbonne Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- ICube laboratory, Pôle de Gériatrie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université de Paris Cité, Centre de Neurologie Cognitive GHU APHP Nord Hôpital Lariboisière, INSERMU1144, Paris, France
| | - Renaud David
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Belin
- Service de Neurologie Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Lorraine, Service de Neurologie CHRU Nancy, Laboratoire Lorrain de Psychologie et de Neurosciences de la dynamique des comportements 2LPN EA 7489 Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Adrien Julian
- Service de Neurologie CHU La Milétrie Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Poitiers, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Universite de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI multicentre imaging platform, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, UMR 9027, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Geneviève Chêne
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
- Pole de sante publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
- Pole de sante publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Liu T, Li C, Zhang R, Millender EF, Miao H, Ormsbee M, Guo J, Westbrook A, Pan Y, Wang J, Kelly TN. A longitudinal study of polygenic score and cognitive function decline considering baseline cognitive function, lifestyle behaviors, and diabetes among middle-aged and older US adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:196. [PMID: 37950263 PMCID: PMC10636974 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic study of cognition decline while considering baseline cognition and lifestyle behaviors is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a polygenic score for general cognition on cognition decline rate, while considering baseline cognition and lifestyle behaviors, among the general population and people with diabetes, a patient group commonly affected by cognition impairment. METHODS We tested associations of the polygenic score for general cognition with annual changing rates of cognition measures in 8 years of follow-up among 12,090 White and 3100 Black participants of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 years and older in the USA. Cognition measures including word recall, mental status, and total cognitive score were measured biannually. To maximize sample size and length of follow-up, we treated the 2010 wave of survey as baseline, and follow-up data until 2018 were analyzed. Baseline lifestyle behaviors, APOE status, and measured cognition were sequentially adjusted. Given racial differences in polygenic score, all analyses were conducted by race. RESULTS The polygenic score was significantly associated with annual changing rates of all cognition measures independent of lifestyle behaviors and APOE status. Together with age and sex, the polygenic score explained 29.9%, 15.9%, and 26.5% variances of annual changing rates of word recall, mental status, and total cognitive scores among Whites and explained 17.2%, 13.9%, and 18.7% variance of the three traits among Blacks. Among both White and Black participants, those in the top quartile of polygenic score had the three cognition measures increased annually, while those in the bottom quartile had the three cognition measures decreased annually. After further adjusting for the average cognition assessed in 3 visits around baseline, the polygenic score was still positively associated with annual changing rates of all cognition measures for White (P ≤ 2.89E - 19) but not for Black (P ≥ 0.07) participants. In addition, among participants with diabetes, physical activity offset the genetic susceptibility to decline of mental status (interaction P ≤ 0.01) and total cognitive scores (interaction P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Polygenic score predicted cognition changes in addition to measured cognition. Physical activity offset genetic risk for cognition decline among diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Eugenia Flores Millender
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University College of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Hongyu Miao
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Michael Ormsbee
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jinzhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Adrianna Westbrook
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yang Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Jaberi S, Fahnestock M. Mechanisms of the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1577. [PMID: 38002258 PMCID: PMC10669442 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key molecule in promoting neurogenesis, dendritic and synaptic health, neuronal survival, plasticity, and excitability, all of which are disrupted in neurological and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of plaques and intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein have been identified as major pathological insults in the AD brain, along with immune dysfunction, oxidative stress, and other toxic stressors. Although aggregated Aβ and tau lead to decreased brain BDNF expression, early losses in BDNF prior to plaque and tangle formation may be due to other insults such as oxidative stress and contribute to early synaptic dysfunction. Physical exercise, on the other hand, protects synaptic and neuronal structure and function, with increased BDNF as a major mediator of exercise-induced enhancements in cognitive function. Here, we review recent literature on the mechanisms behind exercise-induced BDNF upregulation and its effects on improving learning and memory and on Alzheimer's disease pathology. Exercise releases into the circulation a host of hormones and factors from a variety of peripheral tissues. Mechanisms of BDNF induction discussed here are osteocalcin, FNDC5/irisin, and lactate. The fundamental mechanisms of how exercise impacts BDNF and cognition are not yet fully understood but are a prerequisite to developing new biomarkers and therapies to delay or prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Jaberi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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18
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Matsumura T, Muraki I, Ikeda A, Yamagishi K, Shirai K, Yasuda N, Sawada N, Inoue M, Iso H, Brunner EJ, Tsugane S. Hobby Engagement and Risk of Disabling Dementia. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:456-463. [PMID: 35569953 PMCID: PMC10409527 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between hobby engagement and risk of dementia reported from a short-term follow-up study for individuals aged ≥65 years may be susceptible to reverse causation. We examined the association between hobby engagement in age of 40-69 years and risk of dementia in a long-term follow-up study among Japanese, including individuals in mid-life, when the majority of individuals have normal cognitive function. METHODS A total of 22,377 individuals aged 40-69 years completed a self-administered questionnaire in 1993-1994. The participants answered whether they had hobbies according to the three following responses: having no hobbies, having a hobby, and having many hobbies. Follow-up for incident disabling dementia was conducted with long-term care insurance data from 2006 to 2016. RESULTS During a median of 11.0 years of follow-up, 3,095 participants developed disabling dementia. Adjusting for the demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, the multivariable hazard ratios of incident disabling dementia compared with "having no hobbies" were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.89) for "having a hobby" and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67-0.91) for "having many hobbies". The inverse association was similarly observed in both middle (40-64 years) and older ages (65-69 years). For disabling dementia subtypes, hobby engagement was inversely associated with the risk of dementia without a history of stroke (probably non-vascular type dementia), but not with that of post-stroke dementia (probably vascular type dementia). CONCLUSION Hobby engagement in both mid-life and late life was associated with a lower risk of disabling dementia without a history of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Matsumura
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Stojanovic M, Waters AB, Kiselica AM, Benge JF. The impact of technology-based compensatory behaviors on subjective cognitive decline in older adults with a family history of dementia. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37647340 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2247109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined whether greater use of technology to help with daily tasks is associated with less subjective cognitive decline (SCD), especially in individuals with a family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals over the age of 50 (n = 102; age range 50-85) completed surveys about their digital and analog approaches to daily tasks, physical activity, and SCD. Participants with and without family histories of AD were matched on age, education, sex, and family history of AD using the R package MatchIt. There was no main effect of technology-based behavioral strategies on SCD (p = 0.259). However, a family history of AD moderated the association between technology use and SCD even when controlling for another protective lifestyle factor, physical activity. In individuals with a family history of AD, more reliance on technology-based behavioral strategies was associated with less SCD (p = 0.018), but this relationship was not significant in individuals without family history of AD (p = 0.511). Our findings suggest that technology-based behavioral strategies are associated with less SCD in individuals with a family history of AD, independent of another protective lifestyle factor. Future recommendations provided by healthcare providers to address SCD in cognitively unimpaired older adults might include focusing on technological assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Stojanovic
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abigail B Waters
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Kiselica
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jared F Benge
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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20
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Wang Y, Han Q, Han X, Dong Y, Mao M, Wang C, Wang X, Tang S, Liu C, Li Y, Hou T, Cong L, Du Y, Qiu C. Objectively-measured movement behaviors, systemic low-grade inflammation, and plasma neurofilament light chain in older adults: a population-based study. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37491244 PMCID: PMC10367375 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has linked self-reported sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined the associations of the accelerometer-measured movement behaviors with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) among older adults and the role of systemic low-grade inflammation in the associations. RESULTS This population-based study included 1,029 dementia-free older adults (age ≥ 60 years, range 60-88 years; 59.48% women) who undertook the ActiGraph substudy (March 2018-December 2020) in MIND-China. There were nonlinear relationships of daily SB and PA time with plasma NfL concentration, such that more daily SB time or less time spent in daily light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with increased plasma NfL only when SB time ≥ 8.00 h/day or LPA time < 5.00 h/day or MVPA time < 2.00 h/day. Furthermore, more daily SB time or less daily LPA and MVPA time was significantly associated with higher serum low-grade inflammation score, a composite measure generated from serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 (P < 0.05). Finally, low-grade inflammation score accounted for 14.5% to 17.8% of the associations between movement behaviors and plasma NfL. CONCLUSIONS More daily SB and less PA time are associated with neurodegeneration and systemic low-grade inflammation in older adults. The association of movement behaviors with neurodegeneration is partially mediated by low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Mao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Li R, Sterling K, Song W. Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:248. [PMID: 37386015 PMCID: PMC10310781 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Aβ has been the prime target for the development of AD therapy. However, the repeated failures of Aβ-targeted clinical trials have cast considerable doubt on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and whether the development of Alzheimer's drug has followed the correct course. However, the recent successes of Aβ targeted trials have assuaged those doubts. In this review, we discussed the evolution of the amyloid cascade hypothesis over the last 30 years and summarized its application in Alzheimer's diagnosis and modification. In particular, we extensively discussed the pitfalls, promises and important unanswered questions regarding the current anti-Aβ therapy, as well as strategies for further study and development of more feasible Aβ-targeted approaches in the optimization of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqiu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Key MN, Szabo-Reed AN. Impact of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2495. [PMID: 37299458 PMCID: PMC10255782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to preserve cognitive function and protect brain structure from the effects of the aging process and neurodegenerative disease is the goal of non-pharmacologic, lifestyle interventions focused on brain health. This review examines, in turn, current diet and exercise intervention trends and the collective progress made toward understanding their impact on cognition and brain health. The diets covered in this review include the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, and weight loss management. The exercise approaches covered in this review include endurance, resistance, combined exercise programs, yoga, tai chi, and high-intensity interval training. Although valuable evidence is building concerning how diet and exercise influence cognitive performance and brain structure, many of the open questions in the field are concerned with why we see these effects. Therefore, more strategically designed intervention studies are needed to reveal the likely multiple mechanisms of action in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickeal N. Key
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA;
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Amanda N. Szabo-Reed
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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23
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Astell-Burt T, Navakatikyan MA, Feng X. Why might urban tree canopy reduce dementia risk? A causal mediation analysis of 109,688 adults with 11 years of hospital and mortality records. Health Place 2023; 82:103028. [PMID: 37182375 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban tree canopy is associated with lower dementia risk, but no mediation analysis has been attempted to reveal potential mechanisms. We examined 3,639 dementia diagnoses in 109,688 participants of the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study. Adjusted models indicated ≥20% tree canopy lowered the odds of developing dementia by 14% over 11 years (Odds Ratio = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.79-0.93). Association between tree canopy and dementia was partially mediated by physical activity (4.5%) and absences of psychological distress (5.7%), social support (2.9%), sleep duration (2.3%) and diabetes (1.8%). Social loneliness and absence of heart disease or hypertension did not mediate the tree canopy-dementia association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), NSW, Australia; School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Michael A Navakatikyan
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), NSW, Australia; School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The George Institute of Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Saunders TS, Pozzolo FE, Heslegrave A, King D, McGeachan RI, Spires-Jones MP, Harris SE, Ritchie C, Muniz-Terrera G, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Zetterberg H, Spires-Jones TL. Predictive blood biomarkers and brain changes associated with age-related cognitive decline. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad113. [PMID: 37180996 PMCID: PMC10167767 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the use of plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, amyloid-β, neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein as promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. While these blood biomarkers are promising for distinguishing people with Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls, their predictive validity for age-related cognitive decline without dementia remains unclear. Further, while tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 is a promising biomarker, the distribution of this phospho-epitope of tau in the brain is unknown. Here, we tested whether plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, amyloid-β, neurofilament light and fibrillary acidic protein predict cognitive decline between ages 72 and 82 in 195 participants in the Lothian birth cohorts 1936 study of cognitive ageing. We further examined post-mortem brain samples from temporal cortex to determine the distribution of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in the brain. Several forms of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 have been shown to contribute to synapse degeneration in Alzheimer's disease, which correlates closely with cognitive decline in this form of dementia, but to date, there have not been investigations of whether tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 is found in synapses in Alzheimer's disease or healthy ageing brain. It was also previously unclear whether tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 accumulated in dystrophic neurites around plaques, which could contribute to tau leakage to the periphery due to impaired membrane integrity in dystrophies. Brain homogenate and biochemically enriched synaptic fractions were examined with western blot to examine tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 levels between groups (n = 10-12 per group), and synaptic and astrocytic localization of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 were examined using array tomography (n = 6-15 per group), and localization of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in plaque-associated dystrophic neurites with associated gliosis were examined with standard immunofluorescence (n = 8-9 per group). Elevated baseline plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, neurofilament light and fibrillary acidic protein predicted steeper general cognitive decline during ageing. Further, increasing tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 over time predicted general cognitive decline in females only. Change in plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 remained a significant predictor of g factor decline when taking into account Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk score, indicating that the increase of blood tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in this cohort was not only due to incipient Alzheimer's disease. Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 was observed in synapses and astrocytes in both healthy ageing and Alzheimer's disease brain. We observed that a significantly higher proportion of synapses contain tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in Alzheimer's disease relative to aged controls. Aged controls with pre-morbid lifetime cognitive resilience had significantly more tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes than those with pre-morbid lifetime cognitive decline. Further, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 was found in dystrophic neurites around plaques and in some neurofibrillary tangles. The presence of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in plaque-associated dystrophies may be a source of leakage of tau out of neurons that eventually enters the blood. Together, these data indicate that plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, neurofilament light and fibrillary acidic protein may be useful biomarkers of age-related cognitive decline, and that efficient clearance of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 by astrocytes may promote cognitive resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Saunders
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Francesca E Pozzolo
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- United Kingdom UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Declan King
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert I McGeachan
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Maxwell P Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohort studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago 3485, Chile
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohort studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- United Kingdom UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Molndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Molndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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25
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Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA. Turning Back the Clock: A Retrospective Single-Blind Study on Brain Age Change in Response to Nutraceuticals Supplementation vs. Lifestyle Modifications. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030520. [PMID: 36979330 PMCID: PMC10046544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing consensus that chronological age (CA) is not an accurate indicator of the aging process and that biological age (BA) instead is a better measure of an individual's risk of age-related outcomes and a more accurate predictor of mortality than actual CA. In this context, BA measures the "true" age, which is an integrated result of an individual's level of damage accumulation across all levels of biological organization, along with preserved resources. The BA is plastic and depends upon epigenetics. Brain state is an important factor contributing to health- and lifespan. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG)-derived brain BA (BBA) is a suitable and promising measure of brain aging. In the present study, we aimed to show that BBA can be decelerated or even reversed in humans (N = 89) by using customized programs of nutraceutical compounds or lifestyle changes (mean duration = 13 months). RESULTS We observed that BBA was younger than CA in both groups at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, the BBA of the participants in the nutraceuticals group was 2.83 years younger at the endpoint of the intervention compared with their BBA score at the beginning of the intervention, while the BBA of the participants in the lifestyle group was only 0.02 years younger at the end of the intervention. These results were accompanied by improvements in mental-physical health comorbidities in both groups. The pre-intervention BBA score and the sex of the participants were considered confounding factors and analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the obtained results support the feasibility of the goal of this study and also provide the first robust evidence that halting and reversal of brain aging are possible in humans within a reasonable (practical) timeframe of approximately one year.
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Loughman A, Adler CJ, Macpherson H. Unlocking Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Does the Oral Microbiome Hold Some of the Keys? J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1111-1129. [PMID: 36872775 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is recognized as the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however approximately one third of dementia cases are attributable to modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Recent research also implicates oral health and the oral microbiome in AD risk and pathophysiology. The oral microbiome contributes to the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathology of AD via the inflammatory, vascular, neurotoxic, and oxidative stress pathways of known modifiable risk factors. This review proposes a conceptual framework that integrates the emerging evidence regarding the oral microbiome with established modifiable risk factors. There are numerous mechanisms by which the oral microbiome may interact with AD pathophysiology. Microbiota have immunomodulatory functions, including the activation of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inflammation can affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, which in turn modulates translocation of bacteria and their metabolites to brain parenchyma. Amyloid-β is an antimicrobial peptide, a feature which may in part explain its accumulation. There are microbial interactions with cardiovascular health, glucose tolerance, physical activity, and sleep, suggesting that these modifiable lifestyle risk factors of dementia may have microbial contributors. There is mounting evidence to suggest the relevance of oral health practices and the microbiome to AD. The conceptual framework presented here additionally demonstrates the potential for the oral microbiome to comprise a mechanistic intermediary between some lifestyle risk factors and AD pathophysiology. Future clinical studies may identify specific oral microbial targets and the optimum oral health practices to reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina J Adler
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Deakin University, IPAN - the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Hoenig MC, Drzezga A. Clear-headed into old age: Resilience and resistance against brain aging-A PET imaging perspective. J Neurochem 2023; 164:325-345. [PMID: 35226362 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in modern medicine and the adaptation towards healthier lifestyles, the average life expectancy has doubled since the 1930s, with individuals born in the millennium years now carrying an estimated life expectancy of around 100 years. And even though many individuals around the globe manage to age successfully, the prevalence of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as sporadic Alzheimer's disease has never been as high as nowadays. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is anticipated to triple by 2050, increasing the societal and economic burden tremendously. Despite all efforts, there is still no available treatment defeating the accelerated aging process as seen in this disease. Yet, given the advances in neuroimaging techniques that are discussed in the current Review article, such as in positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pivotal insights into the heterogenous effects of aging-associated processes and the contribution of distinct lifestyle and risk factors already have and are still being gathered. In particular, the concepts of resilience (i.e. coping with brain pathology) and resistance (i.e. avoiding brain pathology) have more recently been discussed as they relate to mechanisms that are associated with the prolongation and/or even stop of the progressive brain aging process. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resilience and resistance may one day, hopefully, support the identification of defeating mechanism against accelerating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle C Hoenig
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn/Cologne, Germany
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Frederiksen KS, Jensen CS, Høgh P, Gergelyffy R, Waldemar G, Andersen BB, Gottrup H, Vestergaard K, Wermuth L, Søndergaard HB, Sellebjerg F, Hasselbalch SG, Simonsen AH. Aerobic exercise does not affect serum neurofilament light in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1108191. [PMID: 36761410 PMCID: PMC9902368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aerobic exercise has been shown to modify Alzheimer pathology in animal models, and in patients with multiple sclerosis to reduce neurofilament light (NfL), a biomarker of neurodegeneration. Objective To investigate whether a 16-week aerobic exercise program was able to reduce serum NfL in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from the multi-center Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health, and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise (ADEX) study. Participants were randomized to 16 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise or usual care. Clinical assessment and measurement of serum NfL was done at baseline and after the intervention. Results A total of 136 participants were included in the analysis. Groups were comparable at baseline except for APOEε4 carriership which was higher in the usual care group (75.3 versus 60.2%; p = 0.04). There was no effect of the intervention on serum NfL [intervention: baseline NfL (pg/mL) 25.76, change from baseline 0.87; usual care: baseline 27.09, change from baseline -1.16, p = 0.09]. Conclusion The findings do not support an effect of the exercise intervention on a single measure of neurodegeneration in AD. Further studies are needed using other types and durations of exercise and other measures of neurodegeneration. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT01681602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Steen Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Kristian Steen Frederiksen,
| | - Camilla Steen Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Department of Neurology, Regional Dementia Research Centre, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Regional Dementia Research Centre, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bo Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Wermuth
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Bach Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mahmood A, Kim H, Kedia S, Dillon P. Wearable Activity Tracker Use and Physical Activity Among Informal Caregivers in the United States: Quantitative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e40391. [PMID: 36422886 PMCID: PMC9732754 DOI: 10.2196/40391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increase in aging population and chronic medical conditions in the United States, the role of informal caregivers has become paramount as they engage in the care of their loved ones. Mounting evidence suggests that such responsibilities place substantial burden on informal caregivers and can negatively impact their health. New wearable health and activity trackers (wearables) are increasingly being used to facilitate and monitor healthy behaviors and to improve health outcomes. Although prior studies have examined the efficacy of wearables in improving health and well-being in the general population, little is known about their benefits among informal caregivers. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between use of wearables and levels of physical activity (PA) among informal caregivers in the United States. METHODS We used data from the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (cycle 3, 2019 and cycle 4, 2020) for a nationally representative sample of 1273 community-dwelling informal caregivers-aged ≥18 years, 60% (757/1273) female, 75.7% (990/1273) had some college or more in education, and 67.3% (885/1273) had ≥1 chronic medical condition-in the United States. Using jackknife replicate weights, a multivariable logistic regression was fit to assess an independent association between the use of wearables and a binary outcome: meeting or not meeting the current World Health Organization's recommendation of PA for adults (≥150 minutes of at least moderate-intensity PA per week). RESULTS More than one-third (466/1273, 37.8%) of the informal caregivers met the recommendations for adult PA. However, those who reported using wearables (390/1273, 31.7%) had slightly higher odds of meeting PA recommendations (adjusted odds ratios 1.1, 95% CI 1.04-1.77; P=.04) compared with those who did not use wearables. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated a positive association between the use of wearables and levels of PA among informal caregivers in the United States. Therefore, efforts to incorporate wearable technology into the development of health-promoting programs or interventions for informal caregivers could potentially improve their health and well-being. However, any such effort should address the disparities in access to innovative digital technologies, including wearables, to promote health equity. Future longitudinal studies are required to further support the current findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asos Mahmood
- Center for Health System Improvement, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- School of Health Professions, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Satish Kedia
- School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Patrick Dillon
- School of Communication Studies, Kent State University, North Canton, OH, United States
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Wei S, Dang L, Gao F, Wang J, Wang J, Qu Q. Effects of Simvastatin on Plasma Amyloid-β Transport in Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:349-362. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abnormal blood lipids are associated with cognitive impairment and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. However, the effects of statins on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have not been determined. Objective: Considering that plasma Aβ are related to Aβ deposition in the brain, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on plasma Aβ transport. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred and twenty patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly assigned to receive 40 mg of simvastatin per day or matching placebo for 12 weeks (sixty patients per group). Plasma Aβ, sLRP1, sRAGE, and lipid levels were measured at baseline and at the 6-week and 12-week visits. Results: The ITT database ultimately included 108 participants (placebo group: n = 53; simvastatin group: n = 55) and 64 (59.3%) were women, ranging in age from 45 to 75 years (mean 57.2±6.9 years). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, after 12 weeks of follow-up, compared with the placebo group, ΔAβ 42 levels (the change of Aβ 42 levels from baseline at week 12) increased more and ΔsRAGE levels decreased more in the simvastatin group (Aβ 42: β= 5.823, p = 0.040; sRAGE: β= –72.012, p = 0.031), and a significant negative association was found between ΔAβ 42 and ΔsRAGE levels (β= –0.115, p = 0.045). In addition, generalized estimation equation analysis showed that triglycerides levels were negatively correlated with Aβ 40 (β= –16.79, p = 0.023), Aβ 42 (β= –6.10, p = 0.001), and sRAGE (β= –51.16, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Daily oral simvastatin (40 mg/day) in patients with hyperlipidemia for 12 weeks can significantly increase plasma Aβ 42 levels compared with placebo, which was associated with reduced triglycerides and sRAGE levels, indicating that statins may affect plasma Aβ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Clinical research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Initial Data and a Clinical Diagnosis Transition for the Aiginition Longitudinal Biomarker Investigation of Neurodegeneration (ALBION) Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091179. [PMID: 36143858 PMCID: PMC9501022 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This article presents data from the ongoing Aiginition Longitudinal Biomarker Investigation of Neurodegeneration study (ALBION) regarding baseline clinical characterizations and CSF biomarker profiles, as well as preliminary longitudinal data on clinical progression. Materials and Methods: As of March 2022, 138 participants who either were cognitively normal (CN, n = 99) or had a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 39) had been recruited at the specialist cognitive disorders outpatient clinic at Aiginition Hospital. Clinical characteristics at baseline were provided. These patients were followed annually to determine progression from CN to MCI or even dementia. CSF biomarker data (amyloid β1-42, phosphorylated tau at threonine 181, and total tau) collected using automated Elecsys® assays (Roche Diagnostics) were available for 74 patients. These patients were further sorted based on the AT(N) classification model, as determined by CSF Aβ42 (A), CSF pTau (T), and CSF tTau (N). Results: Of the 49 CN patients with CSF biomarker data, 21 (43%) were classified as exhibiting “Alzheimer’s pathologic change” (A+Τ− (Ν)−) and 6 (12%) as having “Alzheimer’s disease” (A+T−(N)+, A+T+(N)−, or A+T+(N)+). Of the 25 MCI patients, 8 (32%) displayed “Alzheimer’s pathologic change”, and 6 (24%) had “Alzheimer’s disease”. A total of 66 individuals had a mean follow-up of 2.1 years (SD = 0.9, min = 0.8, max = 3.9), and 15 of those individuals (22%) showed a clinical progression (defined as a worsening clinical classification, i.e., from CN to MCI or dementia or from MCI to dementia). Overall, participants with the “AD continuum” AT(N) biomarker profile (i.e., A+T−(N)−, A+T−(N)+, A+T+(N)−, and A+T+(N)+) were more likely to clinically progress (p = 0.04). Conclusions: A CSF “AD continuum” AT(N) biomarker profile is associated with an increased risk of future clinical decline in CN or MCI subjects.
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Raichlen DA, Furlong M, Klimentidis YC, Sayre MK, Parra KL, Bharadwaj PK, Wilcox RR, Alexander GE. Association of Physical Activity with Incidence of Dementia Is Attenuated by Air Pollution. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1131-1138. [PMID: 35704438 PMCID: PMC9204780 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is recognized as one of the key lifestyle behaviors that reduces risk of developing dementia late in life. However, PA also leads to increased respiration, and in areas with high levels of air pollution, PA may increase exposure to pollutants linked with higher risk of developing dementia. Here, we investigate whether air pollution attenuates the association between PA and dementia risk. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 35,562 adults 60 yrs and older from the UK Biobank. Average acceleration magnitude (ACCave) from wrist-worn accelerometers was used to assess PA levels. Air pollution levels (NO, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM2.5 absorbance) were estimated with land use regression methods. Incident all-cause dementia was derived from inpatient hospital records and death registry data. RESULTS In adjusted models, ACCave was associated with reduced risk of developing dementia (HR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60-0.83), whereas air pollution variables were not associated with dementia risk. There were significant interactions between ACCave and PM2.5 (HRinteraction = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.13-1.57) and PM2.5 absorbance (HRinteraction = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07-1.45) on incident dementia. At the lowest tertiles of pollution, ACCave was associated with reduced risk of incident dementia (HRPM 2.5 = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49-0.91; HRPM 2.5 absorbance = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.44-0.81). At the highest tertiles of these pollutants, there was no significant association of ACCave with incident dementia (HRPM 2.5 = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.68-1.14; HRPM 2.5 absorbance = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.60-1.04). CONCLUSIONS PA is associated with reduced risk of developing all-cause dementia. However, exposure to even moderate levels of air pollution attenuates the benefits of PA on risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Melissa Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - M Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Kimberly L Parra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Rand R Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA
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Bachmann D, Roman ZJ, Buchmann A, Zuber I, Studer S, Saake A, Rauen K, Gruber E, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Gietl AF, Treyer V. Lifestyle affects amyloid burden and cognition differently in men and women. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:451-463. [PMID: 35598071 PMCID: PMC9542817 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evidence on associations of lifestyle factors with Alzheimer's pathology and cognition are ambiguous, potentially because they rarely addressed inter‐relationships of factors and sex effects. While considering these aspects, we examined the relationships of lifestyle factors with brain amyloid burden and cognition. Methods We studied 178 cognitively normal individuals (women, 49%; 65.0 [7.6] years) and 54 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (women, 35%; 71.3 [8.3] years) enrolled in a prospective study of volunteers who completed 18F‐Flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography. Using structural equation modeling, we examined associations between latent constructs representing metabolic/vascular risk, physical activity, and cognitive activity with global amyloid burden and cognitive performance. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of sex in this model. Results Overall, higher cognitive activity was associated with better cognitive performance and higher physical activity was associated with lower amyloid burden. The latter association was weakened to a nonsignificant level after excluding multivariate outliers. Examination of the moderating effect of sex in the model revealed an inverse association of metabolic/vascular risk with cognition in men, whereas in women metabolic/vascular risk trended toward increased amyloid burden. Furthermore, a significant inverse association between physical activity and amyloid burden was found only in men. Inheritance of an APOE4 allele was associated with higher amyloid burden only in women. Interpretation Sex modifies effects of certain lifestyle‐related factors on amyloid burden and cognition. Notably, our results suggest that the negative impact of metabolic/vascular risk influences the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease through distinct paths in women and men. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:451–463
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bachmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zachary J Roman
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Zuber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Felisatti F, Gonneaud J, Palix C, Garnier-Crussard A, Mézenge F, Landeau B, Chocat A, Quillard A, Ferrand-Devouge E, de La Sayette V, Vivien D, Chételat G, Poisnel G. Role of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Association Between Physical Activity and Brain Integrity Markers in Older Adults. Neurology 2022; 98:e2023-e2035. [PMID: 35418459 PMCID: PMC9162049 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk for dementia, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain to be determined. Our objective was to assess whether cardiovascular risk factors mediate the association between physical activity and brain integrity markers in older adults. METHODS At baseline, participants from the Age-Well study completed a physical activity questionnaire and underwent cardiovascular risk factors collection (systolic blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], current smoker status, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and insulin levels) and multimodal neuroimaging (structural MRI, diffusion MRI, FDG-PET, and florbetapir PET). Multiple regressions were conducted to assess the association among physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and neuroimaging. Mediation analyses were performed to test whether cardiovascular risk factors mediated the associations between physical activity and neuroimaging. RESULTS A total of 134 cognitively unimpaired older adults (≥65 years) were included. Higher physical activity was associated with higher gray matter (GM) volume (β = 0.174, p = 0.030) and cerebral glucose metabolism (β = 0.247, p = 0.019) but not with amyloid deposition or white matter integrity. Higher physical activity was associated with lower insulin level and BMI but not with the other cardiovascular risk factors. Lower insulin level and BMI were related to higher GM volume but not to cerebral glucose metabolism. When controlling for insulin level and BMI, the association between physical activity and cerebral glucose metabolism remained unchanged, while the association with GM volume was lost. When insulin level and BMI were entered in the same model, only BMI remained a significant predictor of GM volume. Mediation analyses confirmed that insulin level and BMI mediated the association between physical activity and GM volume. Analyses were replicated within Alzheimer disease-sensitive regions and results remained overall similar. DISCUSSION The association between physical activity and GM volume is mediated by changes in insulin level and BMI. In contrast, the association with cerebral glucose metabolism seems to be independent from cardiovascular risk factors. Older adults engaging in physical activity experience cardiovascular benefits through the maintenance of a lower BMI and insulin level, resulting in greater structural brain integrity. This study has implications for understanding how physical activity affects brain health and may help in developing strategies to prevent or delay age-related decline. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION EudraCT: 2016-002,441-36; IDRCB: 2016-A01767-44; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felisatti
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Cassandre Palix
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Garnier-Crussard
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Anne Chocat
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Anne Quillard
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Eglantine Ferrand-Devouge
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Poisnel
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
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Vila-Castelar C, Fox-Fuller JT, Guzmán-Vélez E, Schoemaker D, Quiroz YT. A cultural approach to dementia - insights from US Latino and other minoritized groups. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:307-314. [PMID: 35260817 PMCID: PMC9113534 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease and related dementias present considerable challenges to health-care and medical systems worldwide. In the USA, older Black and Latino individuals are more likely than older white individuals to have Alzheimer disease and related dementias. In this Perspective, we leverage our experience and expertise with older US Latino groups to review and discuss the need to integrate cultural factors into dementia research and care. We examine the importance of considering the effects of cultural factors on clinical presentation and diagnosis, dementia risk, clinical research and recruitment, and caregiving practices, with a focus on minoritized groups in the USA. We highlight critical gaps in the literature to stimulate future research aimed at improving the prevention and early detection of Alzheimer disease and related dementias and developing novel treatments and interventions across ethnoracially diverse populations. In addition, we briefly discuss some of our own initiatives to promote research and clinical care among Latino populations living in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vila-Castelar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua T Fox-Fuller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dorothee Schoemaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Effects of Leisure-Time Physical Activity on Cognitive Reserve Biomarkers and Leisure Motivation in the Pre-Diabetes Elderly. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040737. [PMID: 35455914 PMCID: PMC9032024 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in cognitive reserve biomarkers of the pre-diabetic individual according to the types of leisure-time physical activity (aerobic or resistance physical activity). The research subjects (n = 184) who participated in the survey were pre-diabetic and diabetic patients who were visiting university hospitals and welfare centers. The intervention subjects (n = 36) who were elderly females with pre-diabetes volunteered to participate in the study by performing regular physical exercise (aerobic or resistance exercise). The study participants were 65 years of age or older with pre-diabetes defined by a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of (5.7−6.4)%. All research subjects performed motivation and stress questionnaire survey. All intervention subjects participated in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for 12 weeks. Body composition, HbA1c, and cognitive reserve biomarkers were measured at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks. LTPA motivation confirmed that the LTPA participants had a high level of motivation. Stress confirmed that the stress level of LTPA participants was low. Two-way within-factor ANOVA revealed significant group × time interaction for weight (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.01), % fat (p < 0.001), SBP (p < 0.05), HbA1c (p < 0.001), BDNF (p < 0.001), and Beta-Amyloid 1−42 (p < 0.001). In both physical activity groups, HbA1c (p < 0.001), NGF (p < 0.05), BDNF (p < 0.05), and Cathepsin B (p < 0.05) improved significantly at 12 weeks, compared to baseline and 6 weeks. In the resistance physical activity group, Beta-Amyloid 1−42 (p < 0.01) and Homocysteine (p < 0.05) significantly decreased at 12 weeks, compared to baseline and at 6 weeks. The LTPA showed high levels of integrated and identified regulation among leisure motive types, and the level of stress was found to be low. The LTPA is effective in reducing the HbA1c levels of the pre-diabetes elderly. In addition, the pre-diabetes elderly were found to have increased NGF, BDNF, and cathepsin B, and decreased Beta-Amyloid 1−42 and homocysteine. Regular leisure-time physical activity has a positive effect on cognitive reserve biomarkers through improving glycemic control by reducing weight and % fat in the pre-diabetes elderly.
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Gonneaud J, Moreau I, Felisatti F, Arenaza-Urquijo E, Ourry V, Touron E, de la Sayette V, Vivien D, Chételat G. Men and women show partly distinct effects of physical activity on brain integrity. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12302. [PMID: 35382233 PMCID: PMC8959639 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Physical inactivity and female sex are independently associated with increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) lifetime risk. This study investigates the possible interactions between sex and physical activity on neuroimaging biomarkers. Methods In 134 cognitively unimpaired older adults (≥65 years, 82 women) from the Age‐Well randomized controlled trial (baseline data), we investigated the association between physical activity and multimodal neuroimaging (gray matter volume, glucose metabolism, perfusion, and amyloid burden), and how sex modulates these associations. Results The anterior cingulate cortex volume was independently associated with sex and physical activity. Sex and physical activity interacted on perfusion and amyloid deposition in medial parietal regions, such that physical activity was related to perfusion only in women, and to amyloid burden only in men. Discussion Physical activity has both sex‐dependent and sex‐independent associations with brain integrity. Our findings highlight partly distinct reserve mechanisms in men and women, which might in turn influence their risk of AD. Highlights Sex and physical activity have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The association of sex and physical activity with brain health is partly independent. Different reserve mechanisms exist in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France
| | - Ilana Moreau
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France
| | - Francesca Felisatti
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France
| | - Eider Arenaza-Urquijo
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France.,Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center Fundación Pasqual Maragall Barcelona Spain
| | - Valentin Ourry
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France.,Normandie Univ UNICAEN, PSL Université EPHE, INSERM, U1077 CHU de Caen GIP Cyceron NIMH Caen France
| | - Edelweiss Touron
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Normandie Univ UNICAEN, PSL Université EPHE, INSERM, U1077 CHU de Caen GIP Cyceron NIMH Caen France.,Service de Neurologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Caen France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Université Université de Caen Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain@ Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron Caen France
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Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Nakamura A, Tegg M, Hone E, Rainey-Smith SR, Rowe CC, Dore V, Villemagne VL, Ames D, Kaneko N, Gardener SL, Taddei K, Fernando B, Martins I, Bharadwaj P, Sohrabi HR, Masters CL, Brown B, Martins RN. The Association Between Alzheimer's Disease-Related Markers and Physical Activity in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:771214. [PMID: 35418852 PMCID: PMC8996810 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.771214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that physical activity may be beneficial in reducing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between habitual physical activity levels and brain amyloid deposition and AD-related blood biomarkers (i.e., measured using a novel high-performance mass spectrometry-based assay), in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers and noncarriers. We evaluated 143 cognitively normal older adults, all of whom had brain amyloid deposition assessed using positron emission tomography and had their physical activity levels measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We observed an inverse correlation between brain amyloidosis and plasma beta-amyloid (Aβ)1−42 but found no association between brain amyloid and plasma Aβ1−40 and amyloid precursor protein (APP)669−711. Additionally, higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower plasma Aβ1−40, Aβ1−42, and APP669−711 levels in APOE ε4 noncarriers. The ratios of Aβ1−40/Aβ1−42 and APP669−711/Aβ1−42, which have been associated with higher brain amyloidosis in previous studies, differed between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Taken together, these data indicate a complex relationship between physical activity and brain amyloid deposition and potential blood-based AD biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults. In addition, the role of APOE ε4 is still unclear, and more studies are necessary to bring further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Michelle Tegg
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Vincent Dore
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sam L. Gardener
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Binosha Fernando
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ian Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ralph N. Martins
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Huuha AM, Norevik CS, Moreira JBN, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Scrimgeour N, Kivipelto M, Van Praag H, Ziaei M, Sando SB, Wisløff U, Tari AR. Can exercise training teach us how to treat Alzheimer's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101559. [PMID: 34999248 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and there is currently no cure. Novel approaches to treat AD and curb the rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence and costs of dementia are needed. Physical inactivity is a significant modifiable risk factor for AD, estimated to contribute to 12.7% of AD cases worldwide. Exercise interventions in humans and animals have shown beneficial effects of exercise on brain plasticity and cognitive functions. In animal studies, exercise also improved AD pathology. The mechanisms underlying these effects of exercise seem to be associated mainly with exercise performance or cardiorespiratory fitness. In addition, exercise-induced molecules of peripheral origin seem to play an important role. Since exercise affects the whole body, there likely is no single therapeutic target that could mimic all the benefits of exercise. However, systemic strategies may be a viable means to convey broad therapeutic effects in AD patients. Here, we review the potential of physical activity and exercise training in AD prevention and treatment, shining light on recently discovered underlying mechanisms and concluding with a view on future development of exercise-free treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi M Huuha
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie S Norevik
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - José Bianco N Moreira
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan Scrimgeour
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging and Inflammation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henriette Van Praag
- Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Ziaei
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sigrid Botne Sando
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Atefe R Tari
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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41
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Kim SH, Park SS, Kim CJ, Kim TW. Exercise with 40-Hz light flicker improves hippocampal insulin signaling in Alzheimer disease mice. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:20-27. [PMID: 35356135 PMCID: PMC8934612 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244042.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether exercise is associated with hippocampus-mediated improvement in insulin signaling and cell differentiation in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease (3xTg AD) murine model following exposure to 40-Hz light flickering and exercise. We subjected 12-month-old 3xTg AD mice to exercise and 40-Hz light flickering for 3 months. The exercise session was proceeded for 12 consecutive weeks with gradual increase of intensity. To investigate insulin signaling proteins, western blot was conducted to detect the ratio of phosphorylated insulin receptor β (p-IRβ)/total IRβ (t-IRβ), phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS-1)/total IRS-1 (t-IRS-1), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (p-PI3K)/total PI3K (t-PI3K), phosphorylated 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (p-PDK1)/total PDK-1 (t-PDK1), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt)/total-Akt (t-Akt), and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p-GSK3β)/total GSK3β (t-GSK3β). Doublecortin immunohistochemistry was performed for assessing cell differentiation in the hippocampus. Treatments exerted a positive effect. The combination of exercise and 40-Hz light flickering exposure was the most effective treatment enhancing insulin signaling. Increased ratio of p-IRβ/t-IRβ, p-IRS-1/t-IRS-1, p-PI3K/t-PI3K, p-PDK1/t-PDK1, p-Akt/t-Akt, and p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β and enhanced cell differentiation were observed in the 3xTg AD with exercise under 40-Hz light flickering group. Our results indicate that exercise under 40-Hz light flickering most potently improved insulin signaling, thereby promoted cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
- Division of Global Sport Studies, College of Culture and Sports, Korea University, Sejong,
Korea
| | - Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE,
USA
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Tae-Woon Kim, Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Korea,
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42
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Park SS, Park HS, Kim CJ, Baek SS, Park SY, Anderson CP, Kim MK, Park IR, Kim TW. Combined effects of Aerobic exercise and 40Hz light flicker exposure on early cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease of 3xTg mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1054-1068. [PMID: 35201933 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00751.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative brain disease and the primary cause of dementia. At an early stage, AD is generally characterized by short-term memory impairment, owing to dysfunctions of the cortex and hippocampus. We previously reported that a combination of exercise and 40 Hz light flickering can protect against AD-related neuroinflammation, gamma oscillations, reduction in Aβ, and cognitive decline. Therefore, we sought to extend our previous findings to the 5-month-old 3xTg-AD mouse model to examine whether the same favorable effects occur in earlier stages of cognitive dysfunction. We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of exercise combined with 40-Hz light flickering on cognitive function by analyzing neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus in a 3xTg-AD mouse model. 5-month-old 3xTg-AD mice performed 12 weeks of exercise with 40-Hz light flickering administered independently and in combination. Spatial learning and memory, long-term memory, hippocampal Aβ, tau, neuroinflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, mitochondrial function, and neuroplasticity, were analyzed. Aβ and tau proteins levels were significantly reduced in the early stage of AD, resulting in protection against cognitive decline by reducing neuroinflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, mitochondrial function improved, apoptosis was reduced, and synapse-related protein expression increased. Overall, exercise with 40-Hz light flickering was significantly more effective than exercise or 40-Hz light flickering alone, and the improvement was comparable to the levels in the non-transgenic aged-match control group. Our results indicate a synergistic effect of exercise and 40-Hz light flickering on pathological improvements in the hippocampus during early AD associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seo Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soo Baek
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Cody Philip Anderson
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Myung-Ki Kim
- Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Ryeul Park
- Department of Human Health care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Human Health care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Pearce AM, Marr C, Dewar M, Gow AJ. Apolipoprotein E Genotype Moderation of the Association Between Physical Activity and Brain Health. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:815439. [PMID: 35153725 PMCID: PMC8833849 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.815439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Possession of one or two e4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. Some evidence suggests that physical activity may benefit carriers of the e4 allele differently. Method We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which assessed APOE differences in the association between physical activity and: lipid profile, Alzheimer's disease pathology, brain structure and brain function in healthy adults. Searches were carried out in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PsycInfo. Results Thirty studies were included from 4,896 papers screened. Carriers of the e4 allele gained the same benefit from physical activity as non-carriers on most outcomes. For brain activation, e4 carriers appeared to gain a greater benefit from physical activity on task-related and resting-state activation and resting-state functional connectivity compared to non-carriers. Post-hoc analysis identified possible compensatory mechanisms allowing e4 carriers to maintain cognitive function. Discussion Though there is evidence suggesting physical activity may benefit e4 carriers differently compared to non-carriers, this may vary by the specific brain health outcome, perhaps limited to brain activation. Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the mechanisms.
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Erickson KI, Donofry SD, Sewell KR, Brown BM, Stillman CM. Cognitive Aging and the Promise of Physical Activity. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:417-442. [PMID: 35044793 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-014213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Is the field of cognitive aging irretrievably concerned with decline and deficits, or is it shifting to emphasize the hope of preservation and enhancement of cognitive function in late life? A fragment of an answer comes from research attempting to understand the reasons for individual variability in the extent and rate of cognitive decline. This body of work has created a sense of optimism based on evidence that there are some health behaviors that amplify cognitive performance or mitigate the rate of age-related cognitive decline. In this context, we discuss the role of physical activity on neurocognitive function in late adulthood and summarize how it can be conceptualized as a constructive approach both for the maintenance of cognitive function and as a therapeutic for enhancing or optimizing cognitive function in late life. In this way, physical activity research can be used to shape perceptions of cognitive aging. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Shannon D Donofry
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey R Sewell
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
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45
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Sohn BK, Byun MS, Yi D, Jeon SY, Lee JH, Choe YM, Lee DW, Lee JY, Kim YK, Sohn CH, Lee DY. Late-Life Physical Activities Moderate the Relationship of Amyloid-β Pathology with Neurodegeneration in Individuals Without Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:441-450. [PMID: 35068452 PMCID: PMC9210327 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activities (PA) have been suggested to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, information on the neuropathological links underlying the relationship is limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of midlife and late-life PA with in vivo AD neuropathologies in old adults without dementia. METHODS This study included participants from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's disease (KBASE). The participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography (PET), [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Using the multi-modal brain imaging data, in vivo AD pathologies including global amyloid deposition, AD-signature region cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-CM), and AD-signature region cortical thickness (AD-CT) were quantified. Both midlife and late-life PA of participants were measured using the Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS This study was performed on 260 participants without dementia (195 with normal cognitive function and 65 with mild cognitive impairment). PA of neither midlife nor late-life showed direct correspondence with any neuroimaging biomarker. However, late-life PA moderated the relationship of brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition with AD-CM and AD-CT. Aβ positivity had a significant negative effect on both AD-CM and AD-CT in individuals with lower late-life PA, but those with higher late-life PA did not show such results. Midlife PA did not have such a moderation effect. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that physically active lifestyle in late-life, rather than that in midlife, may delay AD-associated cognitive decline by decreasing Aβ-induced neurodegenerative changes in old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Dong Young Lee, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Tel.: +82 2 2072 2205; Fax: +82 2 744 7241;
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46
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Umegaki H, Sakurai T, Arai H. Active Life for Brain Health: A Narrative Review of the Mechanism Underlying the Protective Effects of Physical Activity on the Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:761674. [PMID: 34916925 PMCID: PMC8670095 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.761674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence clearly indicates the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on cognition. The importance of PA is now being reevaluated due to the increase in sedentary behavior in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although many studies in humans have revealed that PA helps to preserve brain health, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, which mainly focuses on studies in humans, we comprehensively summarize the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of PA or exercise on brain health, particularly cognition. The most intensively studied mechanisms of the beneficial effects of PA involve an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and preservation of brain volume, especially that of the hippocampus. Nonetheless, the mutual associations between these two factors remain unclear. For example, although BDNF presumably affects brain volume by inhibiting neuronal death and/or increasing neurogenesis, human data on this issue are scarce. It also remains to be determined whether PA modulates amyloid and tau metabolism. However, recent advances in blood-based biomarkers are expected to help elucidate the beneficial effects of PA on the brain. Clinical data suggest that PA functionally modulates cognition independently of neurodegeneration, and the mechanisms involved include modulation of functional connectivity, neuronal compensation, neuronal resource allocation, and neuronal efficiency. However, these mechanisms are as yet not fully understood. A clear understanding of the mechanisms involved could help motivate inactive persons to change their behavior. More accumulation of evidence in this field is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Fraser MA, Walsh EI, Shaw ME, Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N. Longitudinal Effects of Physical Activity Change on Hippocampal Volumes over up to 12 Years in Middle and Older Age Community-Dwelling Individuals. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2705-2716. [PMID: 34671805 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the long-term associations between changes in physical activity levels and hippocampal volumes over time, while considering the influence of age, sex, and APOE-ε4 genotype. We investigated the effects of change in physical activity on hippocampal volumes in 411 middle age (mean age = 47.2 years) and 375 older age (mean age = 63.1 years) adults followed up to 12 years. An annual volume decrease was observed in the left (middle age: 0.46%; older age: 0.51%) but not in the right hippocampus. Each additional 10 metabolic equivalents (METs, ~2 h of moderate exercise) increase in weekly physical activity was associated with 0.33% larger hippocampal volume in middle age (equivalent to ~1 year of typical aging). In older age, each additional MET was associated with 0.05% larger hippocampal volume; however, the effects declined with time by 0.005% per year. For older age APOE-ε4 carriers, each additional MET was associated with a 0.10% increase in hippocampal volume. No sex effects of physical activity change were found. Increasing physical activity has long-term positive effects on hippocampal volumes and appears especially beneficial for older APOE-ε4 carriers. To optimize healthy brain aging, physical activity programs should focus on creating long-term exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fraser
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Erin I Walsh
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Population Health Exchange, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Marnie E Shaw
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Memel M, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Casaletto K. Relationship between objectively measured physical activity on neuropathology and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Resistance versus resilience? ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12245. [PMID: 34692982 PMCID: PMC8515358 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is associated with better cognitive and brain health. However, it remains unclear whether PA relates to accumulation of disease pathology ("resistance") or indirectly moderates adverse effects of pathology on cognition ("cognitive resilience"). METHODS Five hundred thirteen Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) decedents completed longitudinal actigraphy monitoring, cognitive testing, and neuropathological examination. Cross-sectional models tested the relationship between average PA and pathology, and the moderating effect of baseline PA on the association between pathology and cognition. Longitudinal models examined whether changes in PA moderated associations between pathology and cognition. RESULTS PA was negatively associated with Lewy body disease (LBD), but positively associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) burdens. Baseline PA attenuated the association between cerebrovascular pathology and cognition, whereas longitudinal change in PA attenuated associations between AD, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, TAR DNA-binding protein 43, and atherosclerosis on cognitive decline. DISCUSSION Whereas PA relates to "cognitive resilience" against cerebrovascular disease, AD, and other neuropathologies, "resistance" effects were limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Memel
- San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- UCSF Memory and Aging CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush University Medical Center–Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush University Medical Center–Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
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49
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Yu F, Mathiason MA, Han S, Gunter JL, Jones D, Botha H, Jack C. Mechanistic Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer's Disease: Imaging Findings From the Pilot FIT-AD Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:703691. [PMID: 34690736 PMCID: PMC8530186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.703691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence from animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) supporting aerobic exercise as a disease-modifying treatment for AD, human mechanistic studies are limited with mixed findings. The objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of 6-month aerobic exercise on hippocampal volume, temporal meta-regions of interest (ROI) cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and network failure quotient (NFQ), measured with MRI, in community-dwelling older adults with AD dementia. Additionally, the relationships between 6- and 12-month changes in MRI biomarkers and the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog) were examined. Sixty participants were randomized, but one was excluded because baseline MRI failed quality control: 38 randomized to cycling and 21 to stretching. The intervention was moderate-intensity cycling for 20-50 mins, three times a week for 6 months. Control was low-intensity stretching. The study outcomes include hippocampal volume, temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness, WMH volume, and NFQ. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The sample averaged 77.3 ± 6.3 years old with 15.6 ± 2.9 years of education and 53% men. Both groups experienced significant declines over 6 months in hippocampal volume (2.64% in cycling vs. 2.89% in stretching) and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness (0.94 vs. 1.54%), and over 12 months in hippocampal volume (4.47 vs. 3.84%) and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness (2.27 vs. 1.79%). These declines did not differ between groups. WMH volume increased significantly with the cycling group increasing less (10.9%) than stretching (24.5%) over 6 months (f = 4.47, p = 0.04) and over 12 months (12.1 vs. 27.6%, f = 5.88, p = 0.02). NFQ did not change significantly over time. Pairwise correlational analyses showed a significant negative correlation between 6-month changes in hippocampal volume and ADAS-Cog (r = -0.34, p < 0.05). To conclude, aerobic exercise may reduce the decline in hippocampal volume and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness during the intervention period, but the effect sizes are likely to be very small and dose-dependent and reverse once the intervention stops. Aerobic exercise is effective on slowing down WMH progression but has no effect on NFQ. Hippocampal atrophy was associated with cognitive decline during the intervention period. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01954550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Arizona State University Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - SeungYong Han
- Arizona State University Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - David Jones
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hugo Botha
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Clifford Jack
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
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Li Y, Wang R, Li Q, Wang YJ, Guo J. Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:963-976. [PMID: 34366348 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. Amyloid-β protein accumulation is believed to be the key pathological hallmark of AD. Increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota has a role in brain function and host behaviors. The gut microbiota regulates the bidirectional interactions between the gut and brain through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. With increasing age, the gut microbiota diversity decreases, and the dominant bacteria change, which is closely related to systemic inflammation and health status. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is related to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impacts of the gut microbiota on brain function and the development of AD. It is a feasible target for therapeutic invention. Modulating the composition of the gut microbiota through diet, physical activity or probiotic/prebiotic supplements can provide new prevention and treatment options for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
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