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Gilman JM, Kaur J, Tervo-Clemmens B, Potter K, Sanzo BT, Schuster RM, Bjork JM, Evins AE, Roffman JL, Lee PH. Associations between behavioral and self-reported impulsivity, brain structure, and genetic influences in middle childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101389. [PMID: 38749217 PMCID: PMC11112269 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity undergoes a normative developmental trajectory from childhood to adulthood and is thought to be driven by maturation of brain structure. However, few large-scale studies have assessed associations between impulsivity, brain structure, and genetic susceptibility in children. In 9112 children ages 9-10 from the ABCD study, we explored relationships among impulsivity (UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale; delay discounting), brain structure (cortical thickness (CT), cortical volume (CV), and cortical area (CA)), and polygenic scores for externalizing behavior (PGSEXT). Both higher UPPS-P total scores and more severe delay-discounting had widespread, low-magnitude associations with smaller CA in frontal and temporal regions. No associations were seen between impulsivity and CV or CT. Additionally, higher PGSEXT was associated with both higher UPPS-P scores and with smaller CA and CV in frontal and temporal regions, but in non-overlapping cortical regions, underscoring the complex interplay between genetics and brain structure in influencing impulsivity. These findings indicate that, within large-scale population data, CA is significantly yet weakly associated with each of these impulsivity measures and with polygenic risk for externalizing behaviors, but in distinct brain regions. Future work should longitudinally assess these associations through adolescence, and examine associated functional outcomes, such as future substance use and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Jasmeen Kaur
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin Potter
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon T Sanzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MA, USA
| | - Randi M Schuster
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James M Bjork
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - A Eden Evins
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Phil H Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MA, USA
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Danyeli LV, Sen ZD, Colic L, Opel N, Refisch A, Blekic N, Macharadze T, Kretzschmar M, Munk MJ, Gaser C, Speck O, Walter M, Li M. Cortical thickness of the posterior cingulate cortex is associated with the ketamine-induced altered sense of self: An ultra-high field MRI study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:136-143. [PMID: 38382237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine induce an antidepressant effect within hours in individuals with treatment-resistant depression while it furthermore induces immediate but transient psychotomimetic effects. Among these psychotomimetic effects, an altered sense of self has specifically been associated with the antidepressant response to ketamine as well as psychedelics. However, there is plenty of variation in the extent of the drug-induced altered sense of self experience that might be explained by differences in basal morphological characteristics, such as cortical thickness. Regions that have been previously associated with a psychedelics-induced sense of self and with ketamine's mechanism of action, are the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC). In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over magnetic resonance imaging study, thirty-five healthy male participants (mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 25.1 ± 4.2 years) were scanned at 7 T. We investigated whether the cortical thickness of two DMN regions, the PCC and the pgACC, are associated with disembodiment and experience of unity scores, which were used to index the ketamine-induced altered sense of self. We observed a negative correlation between the PCC cortical thickness and the disembodiment scores (R = -0.54, p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant association was found between the pgACC cortical thickness and the ketamine-induced altered sense of self. In the context of the existing literature, our findings highlight the importance of the PCC as a structure involved in the mechanism of ketamine-induced altered sense of self that seems to be shared with different antidepressant agents with psychotomimetic effects operating on different classes of transmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Vera Danyeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zümrüt Duygu Sen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Refisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Blekic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tamar Macharadze
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Kretzschmar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - MatthiasH J Munk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Systems Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany.
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Cheng X, Wang S, Guo B, Wang Q, Hu Y, Pan Y. How self-disclosure of negative experiences shapes prosociality? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae003. [PMID: 38324732 PMCID: PMC10868127 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
People frequently share their negative experiences and feelings with others. Little is known, however, about the social outcomes of sharing negative experiences and the underlying neural mechanisms. We addressed this dearth of knowledge by leveraging functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning: while dyad participants took turns to share their own (self-disclosure group) or a stranger's (non-disclosure group) negative and neutral experiences, their respective brain activity was recorded simultaneously by fNIRS. We observed that sharing negative (relative to neutral) experiences enhanced greater mutual prosociality, emotional empathy and interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) at the left superior frontal cortex in the self-disclosure group compared to the non-disclosure group. Importantly, mediation analyses further revealed that in the self-disclosure (but not non-disclosure) group, the increased emotional empathy and INS elicited by sharing negative experiences relative to sharing neutral experiences promoted the enhanced prosociality through increasing interpersonal liking. These results indicate that self-disclosure of negative experiences can promote prosocial behaviors via social dynamics (defined as social affective and cognitive factors, including empathy and liking) and shared neural responses. Our findings suggest that when people express negative sentiments, they incline to follow up with positive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yinying Hu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yafeng Pan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Pulli EP, Nolvi S, Eskola E, Nordenswan E, Holmberg E, Copeland A, Kumpulainen V, Silver E, Merisaari H, Saunavaara J, Parkkola R, Lähdesmäki T, Saukko E, Kataja E, Korja R, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Structural brain correlates of non-verbal cognitive ability in 5-year-old children: Findings from the FinnBrain birth cohort study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5582-5601. [PMID: 37606608 PMCID: PMC10619410 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-verbal cognitive ability predicts multiple important life outcomes, for example, school and job performance. It has been associated with parieto-frontal cortical anatomy in prior studies in adult and adolescent populations, while young children have received relatively little attention. We explored the associations between cortical anatomy and non-verbal cognitive ability in 165 5-year-old participants (mean scan age 5.40 years, SD 0.13; 90 males) from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study. T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images were processed using FreeSurfer. Non-verbal cognitive ability was measured using the Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ) estimated from the Block Design and Matrix Reasoning subtests from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III). In vertex-wise general linear models, PIQ scores associated positively with volumes in the left caudal middle frontal and right pericalcarine regions, as well as surface area in left the caudal middle frontal, left inferior temporal, and right lingual regions. There were no associations between PIQ and cortical thickness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine structural correlates of non-verbal cognitive ability in a large sample of typically developing 5-year-olds. The findings are generally in line with prior findings from older age groups, with the important addition of the positive association between volume / surface area in the right medial occipital region and non-verbal cognitive ability. This finding adds to the literature by discovering a new brain region that should be considered in future studies exploring the role of cortical structure for cognitive development in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmo P. Pulli
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech‐Language PathologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eeva Eskola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Elisabeth Nordenswan
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eeva Holmberg
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Anni Copeland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Venla Kumpulainen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eero Silver
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical PhysicsTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of RadiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Tuire Lähdesmäki
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Eeva‐Leena Kataja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychiatryTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychiatryTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and TechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Wasserman AM, Wood EE, Mathias CW, Moon TJ, Hill-Kapturczak N, Roache JD, Dougherty DM. The age-varying effects of adolescent stress on impulsivity and sensation seeking. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1011-1022. [PMID: 37208844 PMCID: PMC10524149 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is defined in part by heightened exposure and sensitivity to stressors. In a longitudinal cohort of youth at risk for substance use problems, we examined the age-varying relationship between stress exposure and traits that are central to the dual systems model. The positive associations between stress exposure, impulsivity, sensation seeking varied as function of age. Specifically, the influence of stress exposure on impulsivity strengthened during early adolescence and remained stable into early adulthood, while the influence of stress exposure on sensation seeking strengthened from early- to mid-adolescence and weakened thereafter. These findings suggest that the maturational imbalance between the capacity to regulate impulsive tendencies and sensation seeking may be exaggerated for youth who are exposed to a high number of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin E Wood
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Charles W Mathias
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tae Joon Moon
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - John D Roache
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Hou J, Huibregtse ME, Alexander IL, Klemsz LM, Fu T, Rosenberg M, Fortenberry JD, Herbenick D, Kawata K. Structural brain morphology in young adult women who have been choked/strangled during sex: A whole-brain surface morphometry study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3160. [PMID: 37459254 PMCID: PMC10454256 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Being choked/strangled during partnered sex is an emerging sexual behavior, particularly prevalent among young adult women. Using a multiparameter morphometric imaging approach, we aimed to characterize neuroanatomical differences between young adult women (18-30 years old) who were exposed to frequent sexual choking and their choking naïve controls. METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of two groups (choking [≥4 times in the past 30 days] vs. choking-naïve group). Participants who reported being choked four or more times during sex in the past 30 days were enrolled in the choking group, whereas those without were assigned to the choking naïve group. High-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were analyzed using both volumetric features (cortical thickness) and geometric features (fractal dimensionality, gyrification, sulcal depth). RESULTS Forty-one participants (choking n = 20; choking-naïve n = 21) contributed to the final analysis. The choking group showed significantly increased cortical thickness across multiple regions (e.g., fusiform, lateral occipital, lingual gyri) compared to the choking-naïve group. Widespread reductions of the gyrification were observed in the choking group as opposed to the choking-naïve group. However, there was no group difference in sulcal depth. The fractal dimensionality showed bi-directional results, where the choking group exhibited increased dimensionality in areas including the postcentral gyrus, insula, and fusiform, whereas decreased dimensionality was observed in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus and pericalcarine cortex. CONCLUSION These data in cortical morphology suggest that sexual choking events may be associated with neuroanatomical alteration. A longitudinal study with multimodal assessment is needed to better understand the temporal ordering of sexual choking and neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Hou
- Research Center for Cross‐Straits Cultural DevelopmentFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of KinesiologyIndiana University School of Public Health‐BloomingtonBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Megan E. Huibregtse
- Department of KinesiologyIndiana University School of Public Health‐BloomingtonBloomingtonIndianaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Isabella L. Alexander
- Department of KinesiologyIndiana University School of Public Health‐BloomingtonBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Lillian M. Klemsz
- Department of KinesiologyIndiana University School of Public Health‐BloomingtonBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Tsung‐Chieh Fu
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Molly Rosenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - James Dennis Fortenberry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Debby Herbenick
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Keisuke Kawata
- Department of KinesiologyIndiana University School of Public Health‐BloomingtonBloomingtonIndianaUSA
- Program in NeuroscienceThe College of Arts and SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Qiu J, Wei D. Linking negative affect, personality and social conditions to structural brain development during the transition from late adolescent to young adulthood. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:14-21. [PMID: 36623558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from late adolescence to early adulthood is a period that experiences a surge of life changes and brain reorganization caused by internal and external factors, including negative affect, personality, and social conditions. METHODS Non-imaging phenotype and structural brain variables were available on 497 healthy participants (279 females and 218 males) between 17 and 22 years old. We used sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) on the high-dimensional and longitudinal data to extract modes with maximum covariation between structural brain changes and negative affect, personality, and social conditions. RESULTS Separate sCCAs for cortical volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volume confirmed that each imaging phenotype was correlated with non-imaging features (sCCA |r| range: 0.21-0.38, all pFDR < 0.01). Bilateral superior frontal, left caudal anterior cingulate and bilateral caudate had the highest canonical cross-loadings (|ρ| = 0.15-0.32). In longitudinal data analysis, scan-interval, negative affect, and enthusiasm had the highest association with structural brain changes (|ρ| = 0.07-0.38); at baseline, intellect and politeness were associated with individual variability in the structural brain (|ρ| = 0.10-0.25). LIMITATIONS The present study used non-imaging variables only at baseline, making it impossible to explore the relationship between changing behavior and structural brain development. CONCLUSIONS Individual structural brain changes are associated with multiple factors. In addition to time-dependent variables, we find that negative affect, enthusiasm and social support play a numerically weak but significant role in structural brain development during the transition from late adolescence to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, China.
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China.
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Prenatal Caffeine Exposure Is Linked to Elevated Sugar Intake and BMI, Altered Reward Sensitivity, and Aberrant Insular Thickness in Adolescents: An ABCD Investigation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214643. [PMID: 36364905 PMCID: PMC9658384 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) has been positively associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) in children. Why this association occurs is unclear, but it is possible that PCE alters the in utero development of brain structures associated with food preference, leading to more total sugar intake (TSI, grams) later in childhood. To test this hypothesis, we investigated if PCE (daily/weekly/<weekly vs. no exposure) and elevated BMI are associated with increased TSI, neural activation during large reward anticipation (monetary incentive delay task—functional MRI) and structural changes (thickness, mm) in taste processing regions of children (n = 5534; 9−11 years) from the large-scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Linear mixed-effect models, after covariate adjustments, identified a positive association (p < 0.05, all |βs| > 0.01) of excessive PCE (vs. no exposure) with elevated BMI (daily/weekly/daily limit; consistent in boys and girls), increased TSI (daily) and insular thickness (daily/weekly), as well as low middle frontal cortex (MFC) activation (daily). Our sub-analysis revealed an association of daily/weekly PCE (vs. no exposure) with increased gram sugar intake from soft drinks. We also identified a positive relationship of excessive PCE with elevated TSI and increased insular thickness (a key gustatory region), while in a Sobel test, reward sensitivity (reduced brain reactivity to reward anticipation in MFC; tracks reward outcomes) mediated (Test statistic = 2.23; p = 0.02) the PCE-linked BMI changes in adolescents. Our findings suggest that excessive PCE might be detrimental to frontal lobe development and altered reward sensitivity to food, thereby increasing risk for elevated TSI and obesity. Our results support recommendations to limit caffeine intake during pregnancy.
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Mürner-Lavanchy IM, Parzer P, Brüstle J, Koenig J, Kaess M, Resch F. Normierung der Testbatterie COGBAT bei Jugendlichen im Alter von 12 bis 15 Jahren. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1024/1016-264x/a000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Das Jugendalter stellt eine wichtige Phase in der Entwicklung der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, der Aufmerksamkeit, des Gedächtnisses und der exekutiven Funktionen dar. Im Rahmen einer Normierungsstudie der kognitiven Basistestung (COGBAT) für das Jugendalter wurden Testwerte bei n = 269 Jugendlichen im Alter von 12 bis 15 Jahren erhoben und mit den Normen der Altersgruppe der 16- bis 30-Jährigen verglichen. Zusätzlich wurde überprüft, inwiefern sich diese Testergebnisse in der subjektiven Einschätzung zur Leistungsfähigkeit (FLei) und Psychopathologie (SDQ) abbilden lassen. Im Jugendalter zeigte sich ein starker Zuwachs in der kognitiven Flexibilität, der Verarbeitungs- und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Inhibitions- und Planungsfähigkeit. Ein bedeutsamer Geschlechtsunterschied fand sich in der Inhibition, mit stärkeren Leistungen bei Mädchen als bei Jungen. Zwischen den Testergebnissen und den subjektiven Einschätzungen zeigten sich keine Zusammenhänge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines M. Mürner-Lavanchy
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Peter Parzer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Julia Brüstle
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Julian Koenig
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
| | - Michael Kaess
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Franz Resch
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland
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10
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The effect of perceived stress on cognition is mediated by personality and the underlying neural mechanism. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:199. [PMID: 35550503 PMCID: PMC9098451 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived stress impairs cognitive function across the adult lifespan, but the extent to which cognition decline is variable across individuals. Individual differences in the stress response are described as personality traits. Substantial individual differences in the magnitude of cognitive impairment that is induced by short-term perceived stress are poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that the relationship between short-term perceived stress and different aspects of cognition is mediated by personality traits. The study included 1066 participants with behavior and neuroimaging data from the Human Connectome Project after excluding individuals with missing variables. In the result, the parallel multiple mediation model demonstrated that the influence of perceived stress on the total and crystalized cognition is mainly mediated by neuroticism (indirect effect = -0.04, p < 0.05) and conscientiousness (indirect effect = 0.05, p < 0.05) in adults. Cortical thickness value (n = 1066) of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) showed not only positive correlations with short-term perceived stress and neuroticism, but negative associations with cognition. The chain mediation model found that the right SFG and neuroticism play a small but significant chain mediating effect between stress and total cognition. The strength of the resting-state functional connectivity (n = 968) between the left orbitofrontal cortex versus the left superior medial frontal cortex was positively correlated with crystallized cognition and negatively associated with conscientiousness. These results extend previous findings by the impacts of short-term perceived stress on cognitive function is mediated by neuroticism and the right SFG was the underlying neural mechanism.
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11
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Li J, Liu B, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Jiang T. Orbitofrontal cortex volume links polygenic risk for smoking with tobacco use in healthy adolescents. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1175-1182. [PMID: 32878661 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of preventable illness and death and is heritable with complex underpinnings. Converging evidence suggests a contribution of the polygenic risk for smoking to the use of tobacco and other substances. Yet, the underlying brain mechanisms between the genetic risk and tobacco smoking remain poorly understood. METHODS Genomic, neuroimaging, and self-report data were acquired from a large cohort of adolescents from the IMAGEN study (a European multicenter study). Polygenic risk scores (PGRS) for smoking were calculated based on a genome-wide association study meta-analysis conducted by the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium. We examined the interrelationships among the genetic risk for smoking initiation, brain structure, and the number of occasions of tobacco use. RESULTS A higher smoking PGRS was significantly associated with both an increased number of occasions of tobacco use and smaller cortical volume of the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Furthermore, reduced cortical volume within this cluster correlated with greater tobacco use. A subsequent path analysis suggested that the cortical volume within this cluster partially mediated the association between the genetic risk for smoking and the number of occasions of tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first evidence for the involvement of the OFC in the relationship between smoking PGRS and tobacco use. Future studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking should consider the mediation effect of the related neural structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 'Neuroimaging & Psychiatry', University Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 'Neuroimaging & Psychiatry', University Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Sanz-Esteban I, Cano-de-la-Cuerda R, San-Martin-Gomez A, Jimenez-Antona C, Monge-Pereira E, Estrada-Barranco C, Garcia-Sanchez PC, Serrano JI. Innate Muscle Patterns Reproduction During Afferent Somatosensory Input With Vojta Therapy in Healthy Adults. A Randomized Controlled Trial. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:2232-2241. [PMID: 34653002 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vojta therapy describes stereotypic widespread motor responses as a pattern of tonic muscle contractions during a peripherical pressure stimulation. The present work proposes to characterize the responses at muscles level to a specific tactile input based on Vojta therapy, assessed by sEMG, compared to a sham stimulation in healthy subjects. METHODS Surface electromyography (sEMG) signal was acquired with dipolar electrodes placed at wrist extensors of both forearms, right tibialis anterior, and top part of rectus abdominus, ground channel placed over the right olecranon. It was amplified and digitized by a 4-channel hub Biosignalsplux device (Plux Wireless Biosignals S.A., Lisboa, Portugal), sampled at 1000 Hz with 16-bit per channel. A continuous 10-minute record of the sEMG signal from the four electrodes were registered. Resting EEG during the first minute before the stimulation period was recorded by 64 active electrodes. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were showed between sham and experimental group. Experimental group participants were subjected to cluster analysis based on their muscle activation patterns, generating three different models of activation. Differences in the previous resting cortical activity in left superior frontal area were found between clusters that activated limb muscles and the cluster that did not. CONCLUSIONS Vojta specific stimulation area activates innate muscle responses assessed by sEMG in healthy subjects, compared to a sham stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE This characterization might be helpful to the prescription and application of Vojta therapy in an individual-basis for non-neurophysiologically damaged adult subjects.
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Hagan KE, Bohon C. Subcortical brain volume and cortical thickness in adolescent girls and women with binge eating. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1527-1536. [PMID: 34061404 PMCID: PMC9044118 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in brain structure have been implicated in the onset and acute phases of several forms of psychopathology. However, there is a dearth of research investigating brain structure in persons with binge eating, contributing to poor understanding of mechanisms associated with binge eating. METHOD Adolescent girls and women (aged 14-35 years) with binge eating (n = 56) and group age-matched girls and women without binge eating (n = 26) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and interview-based and self-report assessments of eating disorder and general psychopathology. MRI data were processed using FreeSurfer. Analysis of covariance tested mean differences in subcortical volume and cortical thickness of a priori selected regions of interest between binge-eating and non-binge-eating groups, controlling for age, body mass index, purging frequency, depression, and medication use. Exploratory partial correlations tested associations between brain structure and eating disorder symptoms within participants with binge eating. RESULTS We did not observe differences in regional subcortical volume and cortical thickness between girls and women with and without binge eating. Within participants with binge eating, severity of attitudinal eating disorder symptoms was inversely associated with caudal middle frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, superior parietal, left inferior parietal thickness, and left accumbens volume; however, these associations would not survive multiple-comparison corrections. DISCUSSION Correlations between attitudinal eating disorder symptoms and frontoparietal thinning may represent a state marker of binge eating. Future research could investigate whether frontoparietal thinning worsens with illness duration or persists beyond binge eating cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Hagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Sex difference in neural responses to gaming cues in Internet gaming disorder: Implications for why males are more vulnerable to cue-induced cravings than females. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136001. [PMID: 34090939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although drug addiction studies have shown that females are more likely to become addicted and sensitive to drug cues, this feature seems reversed in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), of which males are more likely to be sufferers. Given the prevalence of IGD in the male population, the current study was set to examine the potential effect of sex on IGD's craving using a cue reactivity task. METHODS Sixty-five (32 males) IGD subjects underwent fMRI scanning during exposure to visual gaming cues and neutral cues. Brain responses to gaming cues relative to neutral cues were examined within two groups separately. In addition, Granger causal analysis (GCA) was conducted to investigate how the effective connectivity patterns were altered in male and female IGD subjects. RESULTS When facing gaming cues, lower regions of brain activation were observed in males compared to females, including the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the superior frontal gyrus and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); GCA results, using the PCC as the ROI, showed higher middle temporal gyrus-PCC-right ACC/parahippocampal gyrus effective connectivity in males as compared with females, when exposed to gaming cues. CONCLUSION The results indicate that gaming cues could more severely disturb male IGD subjects' inhibition control function over game-elicited cravings compared to females, which might make it hard for males to control their game cravings and stop their gaming behaviors. This conclusion is valuable in understanding why males are more vulnerable to IGD than females.
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15
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Lim JE, Kim S, Seo S, Kang W, Kim A, Kang Y, Choi KW, Tae WS, Ham BJ, Han KM. Association of Prefrontal Cortex Thinning with High Impulsivity in Healthy Adults. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:570-579. [PMID: 34130438 PMCID: PMC8256145 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have been conducted to identify brain structural alterations related to high impulsivity in psychiatric populations. However, research on healthy subjects is relatively less extensive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the cortical thickness of whole brain regions and the impulsivity level in a healthy population. METHODS We included 100 healthy participants aged 19-65 years. Their T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and the 23-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) score were obtained. The patients were divided into high and low impulsivity groups according to the 75th percentile score of the BIS in the sample. The thickness of each cortical region was calculated using the FreeSurfer, and the difference in cortical thickness of the whole brain between the high and low impulsivity groups was analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance including age, sex, education level, and total intracranial cavity volume as covariates. RESULTS The high impulsivity group showed significant cortical thinning in the left pars opercularis. The cortical thickness of the left pars opercularis significantly correlated negatively with the total, attention, and motor scores of the BIS scale. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that prefrontal cortex thinning may play an important role in the development of high impulsivity in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lim
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Surin Seo
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Sassa Y, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Magistro D, Kawashima R. General Intelligence Is Associated with Working Memory-Related Functional Connectivity Change: Evidence from a Large-Sample Study. Brain Connect 2021; 11:89-102. [PMID: 33317391 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose: Psychometric intelligence is closely related to working memory (WM) and the associated brain activity. We aimed to clarify the associations between psychometric intelligence and WM-induced functional connectivity changes. Materials and Methods: Here we determined the associations between psychometric intelligence measured by nonverbal reasoning (using the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices) and WM-induced changes in functional connectivity during the N-back paradigm, in a large cohort of 1221 young adults. Results: We observed that the measures of general intelligence showed a significant positive correlation with WM-induced changes in the functional connectivity with the key nodes of the frontoparietal network, such as the bilateral premotor cortices and the presupplementary motor area. Those significant correlations were observed for (1) areas showing a WM-induced increase of the functional connectivity with the abovementioned key nodes, such as the lateral parietal cortex; (2) areas showing a WM-induced decrease of the functional connectivity with the abovementioned key nodes (2-a) such as left perisylvian areas and cuneus, the fusiform gyrus, and the lingual gyrus, which play key roles in language processing, (2-b) hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, which play key roles in memory processing, and (2-c) the key node of the default mode network such as the medial prefrontal cortex; as well as (3) the border areas between (1) and (2). Conclusion: Psychometric intelligence is associated with WM-induced changes in functional connectivity, influencing the way in which WM key nodes dynamically modulate the interaction with other brain nodes in response to WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Research Center for the Earth Inclusive Sensing Empathizing with Silent Voices, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Cao J, Chen X, Chen J, Ai M, Gan Y, He J, Kuang L. The Association Between Resting State Functional Connectivity and the Trait of Impulsivity and Suicidal Ideation in Young Depressed Patients With Suicide Attempts. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:567976. [PMID: 34393836 PMCID: PMC8355430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.567976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth and is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neurobiological underpinnings of suicidal behaviour and the identification of risk for suicide in young depressed patients are not yet well-understood. In this study, we used a seed-based correlation analysis to investigate the differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in depressed youth with or without a history of suicide attempts and healthy controls (HCs). Suicidal attempters (ATT group, n = 35), non-suicide attempters (NAT group, n = 18), and HCs exhibited significantly different RSFC patterns with the left superior prefrontal gyrus (L-SFG) and left middle prefrontal gyrus (L-MFG) serving as the regions of interest (ROIs). The ATT group showed decreased RSFC of the left middle frontal gyrus with the left superior parietal gyrus compared to the NAT and HC groups. Decreased RSFC between the left superior frontal gyrus and the right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) was found in the ATT group compared to the NAT and HC groups. Furthermore, the left prefrontal-parietal connectivity was associated with suicidal ideation and levels of impulsivity, but RSFC of the left prefrontal cortex with the rACC was correlated exclusively with impulsivity levels and was not related to suicidal ideation in the ATT group. Our results demonstrated that altered RSFC of the prefrontal-parietal and prefrontal-rACC regions was associated with suicide attempts in depressed youth, and state-related deficits in their interconnectivity may contribute to traits, such as cognitive impairments and impulsivity to facilitate suicidal acts. Our findings suggest that the neural correlates of suicidal behaviours might be dissociable from those related to the severity of current suicidal ideation. Neural circuits underlying suicide attempts differ from those that underlie suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinglan He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Linked patterns of biological and environmental covariation with brain structure in adolescence: a population-based longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4905-4918. [PMID: 32444868 PMCID: PMC7981783 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of major brain reorganization shaped by biologically timed and by environmental factors. We sought to discover linked patterns of covariation between brain structural development and a wide array of these factors by leveraging data from the IMAGEN study, a longitudinal population-based cohort of adolescents. Brain structural measures and a comprehensive array of non-imaging features (relating to demographic, anthropometric, and psychosocial characteristics) were available on 1476 IMAGEN participants aged 14 years and from a subsample reassessed at age 19 years (n = 714). We applied sparse canonical correlation analyses (sCCA) to the cross-sectional and longitudinal data to extract modes with maximum covariation between neuroimaging and non-imaging measures. Separate sCCAs for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes confirmed that each imaging phenotype was correlated with non-imaging features (sCCA r range: 0.30-0.65, all PFDR < 0.001). Total intracranial volume and global measures of cortical thickness and surface area had the highest canonical cross-loadings (|ρ| = 0.31-0.61). Age, physical growth and sex had the highest association with adolescent brain structure (|ρ| = 0.24-0.62); at baseline, further significant positive associations were noted for cognitive measures while negative associations were observed at both time points for prenatal parental smoking, life events, and negative affect and substance use in youth (|ρ| = 0.10-0.23). Sex, physical growth and age are the dominant influences on adolescent brain development. We highlight the persistent negative influences of prenatal parental smoking and youth substance use as they are modifiable and of relevance for public health initiatives.
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19
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Ang YS, Frontero N, Belleau E, Pizzagalli DA. Disentangling vulnerability, state and trait features of neurocognitive impairments in depression. Brain 2020; 143:3865-3877. [PMID: 33176359 PMCID: PMC7805803 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating disorder that often starts manifesting in early childhood and peaks in onset during adolescence. Neurocognitive impairments have emerged as clinically important characteristics of depression, but it remains controversial which domains specifically index pre-existing vulnerability, state-related or trait-related markers. Here, we disentangled these effects by analysing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset (n = 4626). Using information of participants' current and past mental disorders, as well as family mental health history, we identified low-risk healthy (n = 2100), high-risk healthy (n = 2023), remitted depressed (n = 401) and currently depressed children (n = 102). Factor analysis of 11 cognitive variables was performed to elucidate latent structure and canonical correlation analyses conducted to probe regional brain volumes reliably associated with the cognitive factors. Bayesian model comparison of various a priori hypotheses differing in how low-risk healthy, high-risk healthy, remitted depressed and currently depressed children performed in various cognitive domains was performed. Factor analysis revealed three domains: language and reasoning, cognitive flexibility and memory recall. Deficits in language and reasoning ability, as well as in volumes of associated regions such as the middle temporal and superior frontal gyrus, represented state- and trait-related markers of depression but not pre-existing vulnerability. In contrast, there was no compelling evidence of impairments in other domains. These findings-although cross-sectional and specific to 9-10-year-old children-might have important clinical implications, suggesting that cognitive dysfunction may not be useful targets of preventive interventions. Depressed patients, even after remission, might also benefit from less commonly used treatments such as cognitive remediation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Siang Ang
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Nicole Frontero
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Emily Belleau
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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20
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Mascarell Maričić L, Walter H, Rosenthal A, Ripke S, Quinlan EB, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Itterman B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Smolka MN, Fröhner JH, Whelan R, Kaminski J, Schumann G, Heinz A. The IMAGEN study: a decade of imaging genetics in adolescents. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2648-2671. [PMID: 32601453 PMCID: PMC7577859 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Imaging genetics offers the possibility of detecting associations between genotype and brain structure as well as function, with effect sizes potentially exceeding correlations between genotype and behavior. However, study results are often limited due to small sample sizes and methodological differences, thus reducing the reliability of findings. The IMAGEN cohort with 2000 young adolescents assessed from the age of 14 onwards tries to eliminate some of these limitations by offering a longitudinal approach and sufficient sample size for analyzing gene-environment interactions on brain structure and function. Here, we give a systematic review of IMAGEN publications since the start of the consortium. We then focus on the specific phenotype 'drug use' to illustrate the potential of the IMAGEN approach. We describe findings with respect to frontocortical, limbic and striatal brain volume, functional activation elicited by reward anticipation, behavioral inhibition, and affective faces, and their respective associations with drug intake. In addition to describing its strengths, we also discuss limitations of the IMAGEN study. Because of the longitudinal design and related attrition, analyses are underpowered for (epi-) genome-wide approaches due to the limited sample size. Estimating the generalizability of results requires replications in independent samples. However, such densely phenotyped longitudinal studies are still rare and alternative internal cross-validation methods (e.g., leave-one out, split-half) are also warranted. In conclusion, the IMAGEN cohort is a unique, very well characterized longitudinal sample, which helped to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms involved in complex behavior and offers the possibility to further disentangle genotype × phenotype interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Mascarell Maričić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Bernd Itterman
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging& Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Université, and AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, TechnischeUniversität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, TechnischeUniversität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jakob Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Wang HT, Ho NSP, Bzdok D, Bernhardt BC, Margulies DS, Jefferies E, Smallwood J. Neurocognitive patterns dissociating semantic processing from executive control are linked to more detailed off-task mental time travel. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11904. [PMID: 32681101 PMCID: PMC7368037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Features of ongoing experience are common across individuals and cultures. However, certain people express specific patterns of thought to a greater extent than others. Contemporary psychological theory assumes that individual differences in thought patterns occur because different types of experience depend on the expression of different neurocognitive processes. Consequently, individual variation in the underlying neurocognitive architecture is hypothesised to determine the ease with which certain thought patterns are generated or maintained. Our study (N = 178) tested this hypothesis using multivariate pattern analysis to infer shared variance among measures of cognitive function and neural organisation and examined whether these latent variables explained reports of the patterns of on-going thoughts people experienced in the lab. We found that relatively better performance on tasks relying primarily on semantic knowledge, rather than executive control, was linked to a neural functional organisation associated, via meta-analysis, with task labels related to semantic associations (sentence processing, reading and verbal semantics). Variability of this functional mode predicted significant individual variation in the types of thoughts that individuals experienced in the laboratory: neurocognitive patterns linked to better performance at tasks that required guidance from semantic representation, rather than those dependent on executive control, were associated with patterns of thought characterised by greater subjective detail and a focus on time periods other than the here and now. These relationships were consistent across different days and did not vary with level of task demands, indicating they are relatively stable features of an individual’s cognitive profile. Together these data confirm that individual variation in aspects of ongoing experience can be inferred from hidden neurocognitive architecture and demonstrate that performance trade-offs between executive control and long-term semantic knowledge are linked to a person’s tendency to imagine situations that transcend the here and now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ting Wang
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | | | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McConnell Brain Imagine Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Battel L, Swartz J, Anes M, Manfro PH, Rohde LA, Viduani A, Mondelli V, Kieling C. Neuroimaging adolescents with depression in a middle-income country: feasibility of an fMRI protocol and preliminary results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:6-13. [PMID: 31389498 PMCID: PMC6986476 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To test the feasibility and to present preliminary results of a neuroimaging protocol to evaluate adolescent depression in a middle-income setting. Methods: We assessed psychotropic medication-free adolescents (age range 14-16 years) with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation and both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this pilot study, a preliminary single-group analysis of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data was performed, with a focus on the default mode network (DMN), cognitive control network (CCN), and salience network (SN). Results: The sample included 29 adolescents with MDD (mean age 16.01, SD 0.78) who completed the protocol. Only two participants were excluded due to MRI quality issues (head movement), and were not included in the analyses. The scans showed significant connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex (DMN), the ACC and anterior insula (SN), and the lateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal parietal cortex (CCN). Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a complex neuroimaging protocol in a middle-income country. Further, our preliminary rs-fMRI data revealed patterns of resting-state connectivity consistent with prior research performed in adolescents from high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Battel
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnna Swartz
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio Anes
- Departamento de Física Médica e Radioproteção, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Manfro
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis A Rohde
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anna Viduani
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Kieling
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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23
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Lewis CR, Preller KH, Braden BB, Riecken C, Vollenweider FX. Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020034. [PMID: 32085521 PMCID: PMC7168190 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin is the psychoactive compound of mushrooms in the psilocybe species. Psilocybin directly affects a number of serotonin receptors, with highest affinity for the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT-2Ar). Generally, the effects of psilocybin, and its active metabolite psilocin, are well established and include a range of cognitive, emotional, and perceptual perturbations. Despite the generality of these effects, there is a high degree of inter-individual variability in subjective psilocybin experiences that are not well understood. Others have shown brain morphology metrics derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict individual drug response. Due to high expression of serotonin 2A receptors (5HT-2Ar) in the cingulate cortex, and its prior associations with psilocybin, we investigate if cortical thickness of this structure predicts the psilocybin experience in healthy adults. We hypothesized that greater cingulate thickness would predict higher subjective ratings in sub-scales of the Five-Dimensional Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) with high emotionality in healthy participants (n = 55) who received oral psilocybin (either low dose: 0.160 mg/kg or high dose: 0.215 mg/kg). After controlling for sex, age, and using false discovery rate (FDR) correction, we found the rostral anterior cingulate predicted all four emotional sub-scales, whereas the caudal and posterior cingulate did not. How classic psychedelic compounds induce such large inter-individual variability in subjective states has been a long-standing question in serotonergic research. These results extend the traditional set and setting hypothesis of the psychedelic experience to include brain structure metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R. Lewis
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Neuropsychopharamacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; (K.H.P.); (F.X.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-602-343-8400
| | - Katrin H. Preller
- Neuropsychopharamacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; (K.H.P.); (F.X.V.)
| | - B. Blair Braden
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Tempe 85281, AZ 85004, USA; (B.B.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Cory Riecken
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Tempe 85281, AZ 85004, USA; (B.B.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Franz X. Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharamacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; (K.H.P.); (F.X.V.)
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24
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Distinct brain structure and behavior related to ADHD and conduct disorder traits. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3020-3033. [PMID: 30108313 PMCID: PMC7577834 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) exemplify top-down dysregulation conditions that show a large comorbidity and shared genetics. At the same time, they entail two different types of symptomology involving mainly non-emotional or emotional dysregulation. Few studies have tried to separate the specific biology underlying these two dimensions. It has also been suggested that both types of conditions consist of extreme cases in the general population where the symptoms are widely distributed. Here we test whether brain structure is specifically associated to ADHD or CD symptoms in a general population of adolescents (n = 1093) being part of the IMAGEN project. Both ADHD symptoms and CD symptoms were related to similar and overlapping MRI findings of a smaller structure in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. However, our regions of interest (ROI) approach indicated that gray matter volume (GMV) and surface area (SA) in dorsolateral/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and caudal anterior cingulate cortex were negatively associated to ADHD symptoms when controlling for CD symptoms while rostral anterior cingulate cortex GMV was negatively associated to CD symptoms when controlling for ADHD symptoms. The structural findings were mirrored in performance of neuropsychological tests dependent on prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions, showing that while performance on the Stop Signal test was specifically related to the ADHD trait, delayed discounting and working memory were related to both ADHD and CD traits. These results point towards a partially domain specific and dimensional capacity in different top-down regulatory systems associated with ADHD and CD symptoms.
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25
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Kolenič M, Španiel F, Hlinka J, Matějka M, Knytl P, Šebela A, Renka J, Hajek T. Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:556759. [PMID: 33173508 PMCID: PMC7538831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurostructural alterations are often reported in first episode of psychosis (FEP), but there is heterogeneity in the direction and location of findings between individual studies. The reasons for this heterogeneity remain unknown. Obesity is disproportionately frequent already early in the course of psychosis and is associated with smaller brain volumes. Thus, we hypothesized that obesity may contribute to brain changes in FEP. METHOD We analyzed MRI scans from 120 participants with FEP and 114 healthy participants. In primary analyses, we performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with small volume corrections to regions associated with FEP or obesity in previous meta-analyses. In secondary analyses, we performed whole-brain VBM analyses. RESULTS In primary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in a) left fronto-temporal region (pTFCE = 0.008) and b) left postcentral gyrus (pTFCE = 0.043). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in left cerebellum (pTFCE < 0.001). In secondary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in the a) cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004), b) left frontal (pTFCE = 0.024), and c) right temporal cortex (pTFCE = 0.031). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004). Levels of C-reactive protein, HDL and LDL-cholesterol correlated with obesity related neurostructural alterations. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that higher BMI, which is frequent in FEP, may contribute to cerebellar alterations in schizophrenia. As previous studies showed that obesity-related brain alterations may be reversible, our findings raise the possibility that improving the screening for and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic changes could preserve brain structure in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Kolenič
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filip Španiel
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Matějka
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Knytl
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Antonín Šebela
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jiří Renka
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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26
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Westwater ML, Vilar-López R, Ziauddeen H, Verdejo-García A, Fletcher PC. Combined effects of age and BMI are related to altered cortical thickness in adolescence and adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 40:100728. [PMID: 31751856 PMCID: PMC6913515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with functional and structural alterations in the brain, but how these associations change across critical developmental periods remains unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between age, body mass index (BMI) and cortical thickness (CT) in healthy adolescents (n = 70; 14-19 y) and adults (n = 75; 25-45 y). We also examined the relationship between adiposity, impulsivity, measured by delay discounting (DD), and CT of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a region key to impulse control. A significant age-by-BMI interaction was observed in both adolescents and adults; however, the direction of this relationship differed between age groups. In adolescents, increased age-adjusted BMI Z-score attenuated age-related CT reductions globally and in frontal, temporal and occipital regions. In adults, increased BMI augmented age-related CT reductions, both globally and in bilateral parietal cortex. Although DD was unrelated to adiposity in both groups, increased DD and adiposity were both associated with reduced IFG thickness in adolescents and adults. Our findings suggest that the known age effects on CT in adolescence and adulthood are moderated by adiposity. The association between weight, cortical development and its functional implications would suggest that future studies of adolescent and adult brain development take adiposity into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Westwater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK
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27
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Çolak Ç, Çelik ZÇ, Zorlu N, Kitiı Ö, Yüncü Z. Cortical Thickness and Subcortical Volumes in Adolescent Synthetic Cannabinoid Users with or Without ADHD: a Preliminary Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 56:167-172. [PMID: 31523140 DOI: 10.29399/npa.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become increasingly popular in the last few years, especially among adolescents. Given Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is over represented in patients with substance use across adolescents compared to the general population, the current study aims were two-fold: i) examine cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes in SC users compared to controls, ii) examine the influence of ADHD on cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes in SC users. Methods Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 28 SC users (15 without ADHD and 13 with ADHD combined type) and 13 controls. Results We found that SC users both with and without ADHD groups have significantly reduced cortical thickness compared to controls in areas of the left caudal middle frontal and left superior frontal. In addition, SC users with ADHD also showed reduced cortical thickness in the right precentral and postcentral gyruses. We also found increased right nucleus accumbens volume in SC users without ADHD, but not with ADHD, compared to controls. Conclusion These results suggest that similar to cannabis use, SC use has also negative effects on brain morphology and comorbidity of ADHD and substance dependence may show different cortical thickness and subcortical volume alterations than substance use alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Çolak
- Department of Psychiatry, Çiğli Regional Education Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Çakmak Çelik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cizre State Hospital, Şırnak, Turkey
| | - Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Kitiı
- Department of Radiology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zeki Yüncü
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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28
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Ho NSP, Wang X, Vatansever D, Margulies DS, Bernhardt B, Jefferies E, Smallwood J. Individual variation in patterns of task focused, and detailed, thought are uniquely associated within the architecture of the medial temporal lobe. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116045. [PMID: 31349068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neural processes that support different patterns of ongoing thought is an important goal of contemporary cognitive neuroscience. Early accounts assumed the default mode network (DMN) was especially important for conscious attention to task-irrelevant/personally relevant materials. However, simple task-negative accounts of the DMN are incompatible with more recent evidence that neural patterns within the system can be related to ongoing processing during active task states. To better characterise the contribution of the DMN to ongoing thought, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between the structural organisation of the brain, as indexed by cortical thickness, and patterns of experience, identified using experience sampling in the cognitive laboratory. In a sample of 181 healthy individuals (mean age 20 years, 117 females) we identified an association between cortical thickness in the anterior parahippocampus and patterns of task focused thought, as well as an adjacent posterior region in which cortical thickness was associated with experiences with higher levels of subjective detail. Both regions fell within regions of medial temporal lobe associated with the DMN, yet varied in their functional connectivity: the time series of signals in the 'on-task' region were more correlated with systems important for external task-relevant processing (as determined by meta-analysis) including the dorsal and ventral attention, and fronto-parietal networks. In contrast, connectivity within the region linked to subjective 'detail' was more correlated with the medial core of the DMN (posterior cingulate and the medial pre-frontal cortex) and regions of primary visual cortex. These results provide cross-sectional evidence that confirms a role of the DMN in how detailed experiences are and so provide further evidence that the role of this system in experience is not simply task-irrelevant. Our results also highlight processes within the medial temporal lobe, and their interactions with other regions of cortex, as important in determining multiple aspects of how human cognition unfolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, England, UK
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Abstract
Empathizing is defined as “the drive to identify another’s mental states and to respond to these with an appropriate emotion” and systemizing is defined as “the drive to the drive to analyze and construct rule-based systems”. While mean diffusivity (MD) has been robustly associated with several cognitive traits and disorders related with empathizing and systemizing, its direct correlation with empathizing and systemizing remains to be investigated. We undertook voxel-by-voxel investigations of regional MD to discover microstructural correlates of empathizing, systemizing, and the discrepancy between them (D score: systemizing − empathizing). Whole-brain analyses of covariance revealed that across both sexes, empathizing was positively correlated with MD of (a) an anatomical cluster that primarily spreads in the areas in and adjacent to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left anterior to the middle cingulate cortex, and left insula and (b) an anatomical cluster of the left postcentral gyrus and left rolandic operculum. The former overlaps with positive MD correlates of cooperativeness. The D score and systemizing did not show significant correlations. In conclusion, while increased MD has generally been associated with reduced neural tissues and possibly area function, higher empathizing and cooperativeness were commonly reflected by greater MD values in areas (a) that mainly overlap with areas that play a key role in emotional salience and empathy. In addition, higher empathizing was correlated with greater MD values in areas (b) that play a key role in the mirror neuron system.
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30
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Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Implications of large-sample neuroimaging studies of creativity measured by divergent thinking. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Schreiner MW, Klimes-Dougan B, Cullen KR. Neural Correlates of Suicidality in Adolescents with Major Depression: Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus and Posterior Cingulate Cortex. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:899-913. [PMID: 29756354 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors ("suicidality"). Of the three components of Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide, two involve negatively valenced, self-related beliefs: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. However, the neurocircuitry underlying self-processing and suicidality has not been fully explored. This study examined the association between suicidality and the neurocircuitry of regions relevant to self-referential processing in adolescents with depression. METHOD Fifty-eight adolescents underwent assessment and a resting-state fMRI scan. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses included two brain regions implicated in self-referential processing: precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Suicidality was measured using the Index of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. While controlling for depression severity, we conducted whole-brain correlation analyses between suicidality and left and right precuneus and PCC connectivity maps. RESULTS Suicidality was positively associated with RSFC between left precuneus and left primary motor and somatosensory cortices, and middle and superior frontal gyri. Suicidality was negatively associated with RSFC between left PCC and left cerebellum, lateral occipital cortex, and temporal-occipital fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Findings of hyperconnectivity stemming from the precuneus and hypoconnectivity from the PCC may reflect maladaptive self-reflection and mentalization. However, additional investigation is warranted to further clarify these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie Klimes-Dougan
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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32
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Yang L, Lei Y, Wang L, Chen P, Cheng S, Chen S, Sun J, Li Y, Wang Y, Hu W, Yang Z. Abnormal functional connectivity density in sleep-deprived subjects. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1650-1657. [PMID: 29488149 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) can alter the intrinsic brain functional organization. However, its effects on intrinsic low-frequency connectivity in the whole brain have not been well characterized. In this study, we used voxel-based functional connectivity density (FCD) analysis to investigate the effects of SD on the spontaneous functional organization of the brain. Thirty-seven healthy participants underwent this within-subject crossover functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study during rested wakefulness (RW) and after 36 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Decreased long-/short-range FCDs were observed in the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, inferior parietal lobule, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Increased long-/short-range FCDs were found in the sensory integration and arousal regulating areas, including the postcentral gyrus, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, and occipital-temporal cortex. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the short-range FCD of the PCC and the reaction time of Psychomotor Vigilance Task. In the present study, spontaneous functional organization with significant group-wise differences between RW and TSD sessions was identified. Our findings extend our understanding of the neural mechanism of how brain activity is altered in sleep-deprived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lei
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Brain Science Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lubin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Cheng
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Hu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Kakoschke N, Lorenzetti V, Caeyenberghs K, Verdejo-García A. Impulsivity and body fat accumulation are linked to cortical and subcortical brain volumes among adolescents and adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2580. [PMID: 30796265 PMCID: PMC6385240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated not only with metabolic and physical health conditions, but with individual variations in cognition and brain health. This study examined the association between body fat (an index of excess weight severity), impulsivity (a vulnerability factor for obesity), and brain structure among adolescents and adults across the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. We used 3D T1 weighted anatomic magnetic resonance imaging scans to map the association between body fat and volumes in regions associated with obesity and impulsivity. Participants were 127 individuals (BMI: 18–40 kg/m2; M = 25.69 ± 5.15), aged 14 to 45 years (M = 24.79 ± 9.60; female = 64). Body fat was measured with bioelectric impendence technology, while impulsivity was measured with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale. Results showed that higher body fat was associated with larger cerebellar white matter, medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and nucleus accumbens volume, although the latter finding was specific to adolescents. The relationship between body fat and medial OFC volume was moderated by impulsivity. Elevated impulsivity was also associated with smaller amygdala and larger frontal pole volumes. Our findings link vulnerability and severity markers of obesity with neuroanatomical measures of frontal, limbic and cerebellar structures, and unravel specific links between body fat and striatal volume in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kakoschke
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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34
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Wang Z, Hu Y, Zheng H, Yuan K, Du X, Dong G. Females are more vulnerable to Internet gaming disorder than males: Evidence from cortical thickness abnormalities. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:145-153. [PMID: 30448109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male predominance is a well-known feature of Internet gaming disorder (IGD), with a reported male to female ratio of 3:1. Because of the overwhelming focus on males, little is known about the neural basis of sex differences in IGD, especially neuroanatomical features. Thus, investigations on sex differences with an adequate sample size are critical for improving the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying IGD. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 62 IGD subjects (29 males, 33 females) and 71 recreational game users (RGUs) (37 males, 34 females) with well-matched age and education levels. Group-by-sex interaction in cortical thickness was analyzed, and the correlations between cortical thickness and addiction severity were calculated. RESULTS We detected a group-by-sex interaction in the bilateral rostral middle frontal gyri (MFG), left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and right superior parietal lobule (SPL). Post-hoc analyses revealed that, compared with same-sex RGUs, male IGD subjects had increased cortical thickness and female IGD subjects had reduced cortical thickness beside their right PCC. By contrast, male IGD subjects had reduced cortical thickness and female IGD subjects had increased cortical thickness in their right PCC. Moreover, only females showed significant negative correlations between the cortical thickness and their self-reported cravings and Internet addiction test scores. CONCLUSIONS For female IGD subjects, the reduced cortical thickness, combined with the negative correlations of addiction severities, suggests the great effect created by IGD in the brain regions. Males and females may be affected differently by IGD, with females being more vulnerable to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanbo Hu
- Department of Psychology, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangheng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
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35
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alterations in medial temporal lobe structures have been previously associated with use of cannabis, one of the most widely used illicit drugs, whether such alterations are a cause or effect of cannabis use has been unclear. METHODS In this cross-sectional observational study involving 404 twins/siblings, we have compared cortical thickness and surface area between groups of gender-matched sibling-pairs (concordant cannabis unexposed, concordant exposed and discordant for cannabis exposure) using permutation tests after controlling for potential confounds. Bi-variate polygenic model was used to assess the genetic and environmental contributions underlying cortical morphological phenotypes and frequency of cannabis use. RESULTS Cortical thickness of the right entorhinal cortex was significantly lower in the concordant exposed siblings compared to both discordant unexposed and discordant exposed groups [false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected, q < 0.05]. The association between the right entorhinal cortex thickness and frequency of cannabis use is due to the contribution of significant shared additive genetic (ρg = -0.19 ± 0.08; p = 0.02) factors but not unique environment (ρe = 0.05 ± 0.09; p = 0.53). Significantly lower surface area of the right entorhinal cortex in discordant exposed group compared with the discordant unexposed group furnishes preliminary evidence in support of causal effect of cannabis use (FDR-corrected, q < 0.05). However, bi-variate polygenic model-based analysis did not show any significant effect. CONCLUSIONS Shared genetic liability may underlie the association between cannabis exposure and thinner right entorhinal cortex. Prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to definitively disentangle the cause-effect relationships of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Paul
- Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,UK
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36
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Durazzo TC, Meyerhoff DJ, Yoder KK. Cigarette smoking is associated with cortical thinning in anterior frontal regions, insula and regions showing atrophy in early Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 192:277-284. [PMID: 30300802 PMCID: PMC6602071 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging studies of cigarette smoking-related effects on human brain structure primarily focused on cortical volumes. Much less is known about the effects of smoking on cortical thickness. Smokers and Non-smokers were compared on regional cortical thickness. We predicted smokers would demonstrate greater age-related thinning localized to anterior frontal regions that serve as nodes for the executive, salience, and emotional regulation networks (ESER regions) and those demonstrating significant atrophy in early Alzheimer's Disease (AD regions). METHODS Non-smokers (n = 41) and smokers (n = 41), 22-70 years of age, completed a 4 T MRI study. Regional cortical thickness was quantitated via FreeSurfer. In smokers, associations between smoking severity, decision-making, impulsivity, and regional cortical thickness were examined. RESULTS Smokers demonstrated cortical thinning in the medial and lateral OFC, insula, entorhinal, fusiform, middle temporal, and Composite AD regions. In Smokers, greater pack-years were associated with thinner lateral OFC, middle temporal, inferior parietal, fusiform, precuneus, and Composite AD regions. In Smokers, poorer decision-making/greater risk taking was related to thinner cortices in caudal ACC, rostral middle frontal and superior frontal gyri, and Composite ESER. Higher self-reported impulsivity was associated with thinner rostral and caudal ACC. CONCLUSIONS This study provides additional evidence that cigarette smoking is associated with thinner cortices in regions implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders and in regions demonstrating significant atrophy in early AD. The novel structure-function relationships in Smokers further our understanding of the neurobiological substrates potentially underlying the neuropsychological abnormalities documented in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Durazzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers and Sierra-Pacific, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 301 Miranda Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St., 114M, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 N. University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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37
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Sassa Y, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Daniele M, Kawashima R. General intelligence is associated with working memory-related brain activity: new evidence from a large sample study. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4243-4258. [PMID: 30196431 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychometric intelligence is closely related to working memory capacity. Here we aim to determine the associations of neural activation patterns during the N-back working memory paradigm with psychometric intelligence and working memory performance. We solved the statistical problems of previous studies using (1) a large cohort of 1235 young adults and (2) robust voxel-by-voxel permutation-based statistics at the whole-brain level. Many of the significant correlations were weak, and our findings were not consistent with those of previous studies. We observed that many of the significant correlations involved brain areas in the periphery or boundaries between the task-positive network (TPN) and task-negative network (TNN), suggesting that the expansion of the TPN or TNN is associated with greater cognitive ability. Lower activity in TPN and less task-induced deactivation (TID) in TNN were associated with greater cognitive ability. These findings indicate that subjects with greater cognitive ability have a lower brain response to task demand, consistent with the notion that TID in TNN reflects cognitive demand but partly inconsistent with the prevailing neural efficiency theory. One exception was the pre-supplementary motor area, which plays a key role in cognitive control and sequential processing. In this area, intelligent subjects demonstrated greater activity related to working memory, suggesting that the pre-supplementary motor area plays a unique role in the execution of working memory tasks in intelligent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Human Brain Imaging Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Functional Human Brain Imaging Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Collaborative Research Center for Happiness Co-creation Society through "Ishin-Denshin" Intelligent Communications, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Magistro Daniele
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Collaborative Research Center for Happiness Co-creation Society through "Ishin-Denshin" Intelligent Communications, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Kubera KM, Schmitgen MM, Maier-Hein KH, Thomann PA, Hirjak D, Wolf RC. Differential contributions of cortical thickness and surface area to trait impulsivity in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 2018; 350:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Merz EC, He X, Noble KG. Anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and brain structure in children and adolescents. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:243-251. [PMID: 30094172 PMCID: PMC6080576 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The unique neuroanatomical underpinnings of internalizing symptoms and impulsivity during childhood are not well understood. In this study, we examined associations of brain structure with anxiety, depression, and impulsivity in children and adolescents. Participants were 7- to 21-year-olds (N = 328) from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study who completed high-resolution, 3-Tesla, T1-weighted MRI and self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and/or impulsivity. Cortical thickness and surface area were examined across cortical regions-of-interest (ROIs), and exploratory whole-brain analyses were also conducted. Gray matter volume (GMV) was examined in subcortical ROIs. When considered separately, higher depressive symptoms and impulsivity were each significantly associated with reduced cortical thickness in ventromedial PFC/medial OFC, but when considered simultaneously, only depressive symptoms remained significant. Higher impulsivity, but not depressive symptoms, was associated with reduced cortical thickness in the frontal pole, rostral middle frontal gyrus, and pars orbitalis. No differences were found for regional surface area. Higher depressive symptoms, but not impulsivity, were significantly associated with smaller hippocampal GMV and larger pallidal GMV. There were no significant associations between anxiety symptoms and brain structure. Depressive symptoms and impulsivity may be linked with cortical thinning in overlapping and distinct regions during childhood and adolescence. Internalizing problems and impulsivity may have shared and distinct neuroanatomical substrates in childhood. Higher depressive symptoms were uniquely associated with reduced cortical thickness in vmPFC/medial OFC. Higher impulsivity was uniquely associated with reduced cortical thickness in lateral PFC regions. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with smaller hippocampal volume and larger pallidal volume. These shared and distinct neuroanatomical correlates may inform the design of prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Merz
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W. 120th St., New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Xiaofu He
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 43, Rm. 5221, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Kimberly G Noble
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W. 120th St., New York, NY 10027, United States.
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40
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Fradkin Y, Khadka S, Bessette KL, Stevens MC. The relationship of impulsivity and cortical thickness in depressed and non-depressed adolescents. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1515-1525. [PMID: 27738995 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is recognized to be heterogeneous in terms of brain structure abnormality findings across studies, which might reflect previously unstudied traits that confer variability to neuroimaging measurements. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between different types of trait impulsivity and MDD diagnosis on adolescent brain structure. We predicted that adolescents with depression who were high on trait impulsivity would have more abnormal cortical structure than depressed patients or non-MDD who were low on impulsivity. We recruited 58 subjects, including 29 adolescents (ages 12-19) with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD and a history of suicide attempt and 29 demographically-matched healthy control participants. Our GLM-based analyses sought to describe differences in the linear relationships between cortical thickness and impulsivity trait levels. As hypothesized, we found significant moderation effects in rostral middle frontal gyrus and right paracentral lobule cortical thickness for different subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. However, although these brain-behavior relationships differed between diagnostic study groups, they were not simple additive effects as we had predicted. For the middle frontal gyrus, non-MDD participants showed a strong positive association between cortical thickness and BIS-11 Motor scores, while MDD-diagnosed participants showed a negative association. For Non-Planning Impulsiveness, paracentral lobule cortical thickness was observed with greater impulsivity in MDD, but no association was found for controls. In conclusion, the findings confirm that dimensions of impulsivity have discrete neural correlates, and show that relationships between impulsivity and brain structure are expressed differently in adolescents with MDD compared to non-MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Fradkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Sabin Khadka
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital / The Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Katie L Bessette
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital / The Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Michael C Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital / The Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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41
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Wang S, Dai J, Li J, Wang X, Chen T, Yang X, He M, Gong Q. Neuroanatomical correlates of grit: Growth mindset mediates the association between gray matter structure and trait grit in late adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1688-1699. [PMID: 29331059 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a long-standing interest in exploring the factors related to student achievement. As a newly explored personality trait, grit is defined as a person's tendency to pursue long-term goals with continual perseverance and passion, and grit plays a critical role in student achievement. Increasing evidence has shown that growth mindset, the belief that one's basic abilities are malleable and can be developed through effort, is a potential factor for cultivating grit. However, less is known about the association between grit and the brain and the role of growth mindset in this association. Here, we utilized voxel-based morphometry to examine the neuroanatomical correlates of grit in 231 healthy adolescent students by performing structural magnetic resonance imaging. The whole-brain regression analyses revealed that the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) negatively predicted grit. In contrast, the rGMV in the right putamen positively predicted grit. Furthermore, mediating analyses suggested that growth mindset served as a mediator in the association between left DLPFC volume and grit. Our results persisted even after controlling for the influences of self-control and delayed gratification. Overall, our study presents novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of grit and highlights that growth mindset might play an essential role in cultivating a student's grit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Education, Dali University, Dali, 671003, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Manxi He
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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42
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Yamamoto Y, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Shinada T, Sakaki K, Sassa Y, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Daniele M, Kawashima R. Refractive error is associated with intracranial volume. Sci Rep 2018; 8:175. [PMID: 29317746 PMCID: PMC5760524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is part of the spectrum of refractive error. Myopia is associated with psychometric intelligence and, the link between brain anatomy and myopia has been hypothesized. Here we aimed to identify the associations between brain structures and refractive error in developed young adults. In a study cohort of 1,319 normal educated young adults, the refractive error showed a significant negative correlation with total intracranial volume and total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume but not with total gray matter volume (GMV) or total white matter volume (WMV). Time spent studying was associated with refractive error but could not explain the aforementioned associations with brain volume parameters. The R2 values of the simple regression between spherical equivalent and outcome variables for each sex in non-whole brain imaging analyses were less than 0.05 in all cases and thus were weak. Psychometric intelligence was not associated with refractive error or total CSF volume, but it weakly positively correlated with total GMV and total WMV in this study population. Thus, refractive error appears to be primarily (weakly) associated with the volume of the cranium, whereas psychometric intelligence was associated with the volume of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Functional Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shinada
- Department of Functional Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Functional Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Magistro Daniele
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), The NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, England
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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43
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Nickel K, Tebartz van Elst L, Manko J, Unterrainer J, Rauh R, Klein C, Endres D, Kaller CP, Mader I, Riedel A, Biscaldi M, Maier S. Inferior Frontal Gyrus Volume Loss Distinguishes Between Autism and (Comorbid) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-A FreeSurfer Analysis in Children. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:521. [PMID: 30405459 PMCID: PMC6206215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Autism spectrum (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with a high rate of comorbidity. To date, diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and distinct reliable biomarkers have been identified neither for ASD nor ADHD. Most previous neuroimaging studies investigated ASD and ADHD separately. Method: To address the question of structural brain differences between ASD and ADHD, we performed FreeSurfer analysis in a sample of children with ADHD (n = 30), with high-functioning ASD (n = 14), with comorbid high-functioning ASD and ADHD (n = 15), and of typically developed controls (TD; n = 36). With FreeSurfer, an automated brain imaging processing and analyzing suite, we reconstructed the cerebral cortex and calculated gray matter volumes as well as cortical surface parameters in terms of cortical thickness and mean curvature. Results: A significant main effect of the factor ADHD was detected for the left inferior frontal gyrus (Pars orbitalis) volume, with the ADHD group exhibiting smaller Pars orbitalis volumes. Dimensional measures of autism (SRS total raw score) and ADHD (DISYPS-II FBB-ADHD score) had no significant influence on the left Pars orbitalis volume. Both, ASD and ADHD tended to have an effect on cortical thickness or mean curvature, which did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: Our results underline that ADHD rather than ASD is associated with volume loss in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Pars orbitalis). This area might play a relevant role in modulating symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity in ADHD. The effect of comorbid ADHD in ASD samples and vice versa, on cortical thickness and mean curvature, requires further investigation in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jacek Manko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Unterrainer
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Rauh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monica Biscaldi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Henderson KE, Vaidya JG, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Langbehn DR, O'Leary DS. Cortical Thickness in Adolescents with a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 42:89-99. [PMID: 29105114 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a family history (FH+) of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a higher risk for developing an AUD than those with no family history (FH-) of AUD. In addition, FH+ individuals tend to perform worse on neuropsychological measures and show heightened impulsivity, which may be due to underlying differences in brain structure such as cortical thickness. The primary aim of this study was to investigate differences in cortical thickness in FH+ compared to FH- adolescents. Secondary aims were to (i) investigate differences in executive functioning and impulsivity, and (ii) examine associations between brain structure and behavior. METHODS Brain scans of 95 FH- and 93 FH+ subjects aged 13 to 18 were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. FH+ subjects were required to have at least 1 biological parent with a history of an AUD. FH+ and FH- individuals had limited or no past alcohol use, thereby minimizing potential effects of alcohol. Subjects were evaluated on impulsivity and executive functioning tasks. Thicknesses of cortical lobes and subregions were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Regions showing group differences were examined for group-by-age interactions and correlations with neuropsychological and personality measures. RESULTS FH+ adolescents had thinner cortices in frontal and parietal lobes, notably in the medial orbitofrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and superior parietal cortices. The difference in cortical thickness between family history groups was strongest among the youngest subjects. FH+ subjects were also more impulsive and had poorer performance on a spatial memory task. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate frontal and parietal structural differences in FH+ adolescents that might underlie cognitive and behavioral characteristics associated with AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Henderson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jatin G Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas R Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel S O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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45
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Kubera KM, Hirjak D, Wolf ND, Sambataro F, Thomann PA, Wolf RC. Intrinsic Network Connectivity Patterns Underlying Specific Dimensions of Impulsiveness in Healthy Young Adults. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:477-487. [PMID: 29101492 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Impulsiveness is a central human personality trait and of high relevance for the development of several mental disorders. Impulsiveness is a multidimensional construct, yet little is known about dimension-specific neural correlates. Here, we address the question whether motor, attentional and non-planning components, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), are associated with distinct or overlapping neural network activity. In this study, we investigated brain activity at rest and its relationship to distinct dimensions of impulsiveness in 30 healthy young adults (m/f = 13/17; age mean/SD = 26.4/2.6 years) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. A spatial independent component analysis and a multivariate model selection strategy were used to identify systems loading on distinct impulsivity domains. We first identified eight networks for which we had a-priori hypotheses. These networks included basal ganglia, cortical motor, cingulate and lateral prefrontal systems. From the eight networks, three were associated with impulsiveness measures (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). There were significant relationships between right frontoparietal network function and all three BIS domains. Striatal and midcingulate network activity was associated with motor impulsiveness only. Within the networks regionally confined effects of age and gender were found. These data suggest distinct and overlapping patterns of neural activity underlying specific dimensions of impulsiveness. Motor impulsiveness appears to be specifically related to striatal and midcingulate network activity, in contrast to a domain-unspecific right frontoparietal system. Effects of age and gender have to be considered in young healthy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences (DISM), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Philipp A Thomann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mental Health, Odenwald District Healthcare Center, Erbach, Germany
| | - R Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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Ismaylova E, Di Sante J, Szyf M, Nemoda Z, Yu WJ, Pomares FB, Turecki G, Gobbi G, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Booij L. Serotonin transporter gene promoter methylation in peripheral cells in healthy adults: Neural correlates and tissue specificity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1032-1041. [PMID: 28774705 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early adversity can influence gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. Peripheral tissues are essential in psychiatric epigenetics, as methylation generally cannot be assessed in the living human brain. Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show associations of peripheral serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation with function and/or structure of frontal-limbic circuits and brain's resting-state. Commonly used samples are derived from blood, saliva or buccal cells. However, little is known regarding which peripheral tissue is most strongly associated with human brain processes. The aim of the current study was to compare the extent of the association between peripheral SLC6A4 promoter methylation and frontal-limbic function, structure and resting-state in healthy individuals across peripheral tissues. Forty healthy prospectively-followed adults underwent anatomical, resting-state and functional MRI. Saliva-, blood- and buccal-derived DNA methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Blood-derived SLC6A4 methylation was positively associated with superior frontal gray matter (GM) volume and with right lateral parietal area (RLP)-frontal pole regional resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Saliva-derived SLC6A4 methylation was positively associated with superior frontal GM volume. Buccal-derived SLC6A4 methylation was positively associated with superior and inferior frontal and anterior cingulate cortical (ACC) GM volumes, and with RLP-ACC, frontal pole and medial prefrontal regional rsFC. Current results confirmed the relevance of peripheral methylation for frontal-limbic processes in humans. Buccal cells may be the most sensitive cell type when studying SLC6A4 promoter methylation and its associated risk for neural vulnerability and resilience for psychopathologies in which serotonin is implicated. These data should be further validated in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Ismaylova
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jessica Di Sante
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zsofia Nemoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wei-Jo Yu
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Florence B Pomares
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Booij
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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47
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Du X, Liu L, Yang Y, Qi X, Gao P, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Du G, Dai S, Li X, Zhang Q. Diffusion tensor imaging of the structural integrity of white matter correlates with impulsivity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00753. [PMID: 28828214 PMCID: PMC5561314 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is usually defined as the inability of an individual to control internet gaming resulting in serious negative consequences, and trait impulsivity has been viewed as a hallmark feature of IGD. Recent studies have suggested that the structural integrity of the white matter (WM) plays an important role in the neuromediation of an individual's impulsivity. However, no study has examined the association between WM integrity and impulsivity in IGD adolescents. METHODS In this study, 33 adolescents with IGD and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and the intergroup differences in the relationships between impulsivity and fractional anisotropy (FA) values across the whole brain WM were investigated using voxel-wise correlation analyses. RESULTS Our results revealed significant intergroup differences in the correlations between impulsivity and the FA values of the right corticospinal tract (CST) and the right occipital WM. Region of interest-based tests revealed that the FA values of these clusters were positive or insignificantly correlated with impulsivity in the IGD adolescents contrasted to the significantly negative correlation in the HCs. CONCLUSIONS This altered correlations in the IGD adolescents might reflect potential WM microstructural changes which may be associated with the greater impulsivity of IGD adolescents and provide possible therapeutic targets for interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- Department of Psychology Linyi Fourth People's Hospital Linyi Shandong China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Peihong Gao
- Department of Radiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Jiyu Zhu
- Department of Radiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong China
| | - Guijin Du
- Department of Radiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong China
| | - Shouping Dai
- Department of Radiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
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48
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Kühn S, Lorenz RC, Weichenberger M, Becker M, Haesner M, O'Sullivan J, Steinert A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Brandhorst S, Bremer T, Gallinat J. Taking control! Structural and behavioural plasticity in response to game-based inhibition training in older adults. Neuroimage 2017; 156:199-206. [PMID: 28527788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous attempts to train self-control in humans have frequently failed, we set out to train response inhibition using computer-game elements. We trained older adults with a newly developed game-based inhibition training on a tablet for two months and compared them to an active and passive control group. Behavioural effects reflected in shorter stop signal response times that were observed only in the inhibition-training group. This was accompanied by structural growth in cortical thickness of right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) triangularis, a brain region that has been associated with response inhibition. The structural plasticity effect was positively associated with time spent on the training-task and predicted the final percentage of successful inhibition trials in the stop task. The data provide evidence for successful trainability of inhibition when game-based training is employed. The results extend our knowledge on game-based cognitive training effects in older age and may foster treatment research in psychiatric diseases related to impulse control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany; University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Robert C Lorenz
- Charité University Medicine, St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Große Hamburger Straße 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Weichenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxi Becker
- University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marten Haesner
- Charité University Medicine, Geriatrics Research Group, Reinickendorfer Str. 61, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julie O'Sullivan
- Charité University Medicine, Geriatrics Research Group, Reinickendorfer Str. 61, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Steinert
- Charité University Medicine, Geriatrics Research Group, Reinickendorfer Str. 61, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Brandhorst
- University of Applied Sciences, Department of Game Design, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75, 12459 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bremer
- University of Applied Sciences, Department of Game Design, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75, 12459 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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49
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Tu PC, Kuan YH, Li CT, Su TP. Structural correlates of trait impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls: a surface-based morphometry study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1292-1299. [PMID: 28077175 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716003299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) frequently exhibit impulsive behaviors independent of their mood state, and trait impulsivity is increasingly recognized as a crucial BD biomarker. This study aimed to investigate structural correlates of trait impulsivity measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with BD. METHOD We recruited 59 patients diagnosed with BD I or BD II (35.3 ± 8.5 years) and 56 age- and sex-matched HCs (33.9 ± 7.4 years). Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluations, and their BIS scores were evaluated. An automated surface-based method (FreeSurfer) was used to measure cortical thickness and generate thickness maps for each participant. Brain-wise regression analysis of the association between cortical thickness and BIS scores was performed separately for BD and HC groups by using a general linear model. RESULTS Patients with BD obtained significantly higher BIS scores than HCs. In HCs, higher BIS scores were associated with a thinner cortex in the left inferior, middle and medial frontal cortices. By contrast, in BD patients, higher BIS scores were associated with a thicker cortex in the right insula. Patients with BD showed a thinner cortex than HCs in all these four structures. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the left prefrontal cortex plays a cardinal role in trait impulsivity of healthy individuals. Patients with BD have a different structural correlate of trait impulsivity in the right insula. However, the use of various psychotropics in patients with BD may limit our interpretation of BD findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Tu
- Department of Medical Research,Taipei Veterans General Hospital,Taipei 112,Taiwan
| | - Y H Kuan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - C T Li
- Department of Psychiatry,Taipei Veterans General Hospital,Taipei 112,Taiwan
| | - T P Su
- Department of Psychiatry,Taipei Veterans General Hospital,Taipei 112,Taiwan
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50
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Busso DS, McLaughlin KA, Brueck S, Peverill M, Gold AL, Sheridan MA. Child Abuse, Neural Structure, and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Longitudinal Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:321-328.e1. [PMID: 28335876 PMCID: PMC5367472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child abuse exerts a deleterious impact on a broad array of mental health outcomes. However, the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate this association remain poorly characterized. Here, we use a longitudinal design to prospectively identify neural mediators of the association between child abuse and psychiatric disorders in a community sample of adolescents. METHOD Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and assessments of mental health were acquired for 51 adolescents (aged 13-20; M=16.96; SD=1.51), 19 of whom were exposed to physical or sexual abuse. Participants were assessed for abuse exposure (time 1), participated in MRI scanning and a diagnostic structured interview (time 2), and 2 years later were followed-up to assess psychopathology (time 3). We examined associations between child abuse and neural structure, and identified whether abuse-related differences in neural structure prospectively predicted psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Abuse was associated with reduced cortical thickness in medial and lateral prefrontal and temporal lobe regions. Thickness of the left and right parahippocampal gyrus predicted antisocial behavior symptoms, and thickness of the middle temporal gyrus predicted symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Thickness of the left parahippocampal gyrus mediated the longitudinal association of abuse with antisocial behavior. CONCLUSION Child abuse is associated with widespread disruptions in cortical structure, and these disruptions are selectively associated with increased vulnerability to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Identifying predictive biomarkers of vulnerability following childhood maltreatment may uncover neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking environmental experience with the onset of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea L Gold
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
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