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Zhou J, Sun W, Li H, Song X, Xu D, Xu H. Application of 5T glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in brain tumors: preliminary results. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04759-3. [PMID: 38958848 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is a non-invasive CEST imaging technique for detecting glutamate levels in tissues. We aimed to investigate the reproducibility of the 5T GluCEST technique in healthy volunteers and preliminarily explore its potential clinical application in patients with brain tumors. METHODS Ten volunteers (4 males, mean age 29 years) underwent three 5T GluCEST imaging scans. The reproducibility of the three imaging GluCEST measurements was assessed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), generalized estimating equations, and linear mixed models. Twenty-eight patients with brain tumors (10 males, mean age 54 years) underwent a single GluCEST scan preoperatively, and t-tests were used to compare the differences in GluCEST values between different brain tumors. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of GluCEST values in differentiating brain tumors was assessed using the receiver work characteristics (ROC) curve. RESULTS The coefficients of variation of GluCEST values in healthy volunteers were less than 5% for intra-day, inter-day, and within-subjects and less than 10% for between-subjects. High-grade gliomas (HGG) had higher GluCEST values compared to low-grade gliomas (LGG) (P < 0.001). In addition, cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas had higher GluCEST values than acoustic neuromas (P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the GluCEST value for differentiating CPA meningioma from acoustic neuroma was 0.93. CONCLUSION 5T GluCEST images are highly reproducible in healthy brains. In addition, the 5T GluCEST technique has potential clinical applications in differentiating LGG from HGG and CPA meningiomas from acoustic neuromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, 2258 Chengbei Rd., Jiading District, Shanghai, 201807, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Zürcher NR, Chen JE, Wey HY. PET-MRI Applications and Future Prospects in Psychiatry. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38838352 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the synergistic application of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) in neuroscience with relevance for psychiatry, particularly examining neurotransmission, epigenetics, and dynamic imaging methodologies. We begin by discussing the complementary insights that PET and MRI modalities provide into neuroreceptor systems, with a focus on dopamine, opioids, and serotonin receptors, and their implications for understanding and treating psychiatric disorders. We further highlight recent PET-MRI studies using a radioligand that enables the quantification of epigenetic enzymes, specifically histone deacetylases, in the brain in vivo. Imaging epigenetics is used to exemplify the impact the quantification of novel molecular targets may have, including new treatment approaches for psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss innovative designs involving functional PET using [18F]FDG (fPET-FDG), which provides detailed information regarding dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. Concurrent acquisitions of fPET-FDG and functional MRI provide a time-resolved approach to studying brain function, yielding simultaneous metabolic and hemodynamic information and thereby opening new avenues for psychiatric research. Collectively, the review underscores the potential of a multimodal PET-MRI approach to advance our understanding of brain structure and function in health and disease, which could improve clinical care based on objective neurobiological features and treatment response monitoring. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingyuan E Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Gökçe E. Editorial for "Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) MRI to Evaluate the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in the Hippocampus of Rat Depression Model". J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1382-1383. [PMID: 37496402 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Gökçe
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Jacobs PS, Jee J, Fang L, Devlin E, Iannelli C, Thakuri D, Loughead J, Epperson CN, Wilson N, Roalf D, Reddy R, Nanga RPR. Application of glutamate weighted CEST in brain imaging of nicotine dependent participants in vivo at 7T. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297310. [PMID: 38363747 PMCID: PMC10871471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With nicotine dependence being a significant healthcare issue worldwide there is a growing interest in developing novel therapies and diagnostic aids to assist in treating nicotine addiction. Glutamate (Glu) plays an important role in cognitive function regulation in a wide range of conditions including traumatic brain injury, aging, and addiction. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging via ultra-high field MRI can image the exchange of certain saturated labile protons with the surrounding bulk water pool, making the technique a novel tool to investigate glutamate in the context of addiction. The aim of this work was to apply glutamate weighted CEST (GluCEST) imaging to study the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in a small population of smokers and non-smokers to determine its effectiveness as a biomarker of nicotine use. METHODS 2D GluCEST images were acquired on 20 healthy participants: 10 smokers (ages 29-50) and 10 non-smokers (ages 25-69), using a 7T MRI system. T1-weighted images were used to segment the GluCEST images into white and gray matter tissue and further into seven gray matter regions. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed, comparing mean GluCEST contrast between smokers and non-smokers across brain regions. RESULTS GluCEST levels were similar between smokers and non-smokers; however, there was a moderate negative age dependence (R2 = 0.531) in smokers within the cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSION Feasibility of GluCEST imaging was demonstrated for in vivo investigation of smokers and non-smokers to assess glutamate contrast differences as a potential biomarker with a moderate negative age correlation in the cingulate gyrus suggesting reward network involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Jacobs
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joelle Jee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Liu Fang
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Emily Devlin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Claudia Iannelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Deepa Thakuri
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - James Loughead
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Neil Wilson
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - David Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Roalf DR, Figee M, Oathes DJ. Elevating the field for applying neuroimaging to individual patients in psychiatry. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38341414 PMCID: PMC10858949 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although neuroimaging has been widely applied in psychiatry, much of the exuberance in decades past has been tempered by failed replications and a lack of definitive evidence to support the utility of imaging to inform clinical decisions. There are multiple promising ways forward to demonstrate the relevance of neuroimaging for psychiatry at the individual patient level. Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging is developing as a sensitive measure of neurometabolic processes of particular relevance that holds promise as a new way to characterize patient abnormalities as well as variability in response to treatment. Neuroimaging may also be particularly suited to the science of brain stimulation interventions in psychiatry given that imaging can both inform brain targeting as well as measure changes in brain circuit communication as a function of how effectively interventions improve symptoms. We argue that a greater focus on individual patient imaging data will pave the way to stronger relevance to clinical care in psychiatry. We also stress the importance of using imaging in symptom-relevant experimental manipulations and how relevance will be best demonstrated by pairing imaging with differential treatment prediction and outcome measurement. The priorities for using brain imaging to inform psychiatry may be shifting, which compels the field to solidify clinical relevance for individual patients over exploratory associations and biomarkers that ultimately fail to replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martijn Figee
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Brain Imaging and Stimulation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Brain Science Translation, Innovation, and Modulation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lee D, Woo CW, Heo H, Ko Y, Jang JS, Na S, Kim N, Woo DC, Kim KW, Lee DW. Mapping Changes in Glutamate with Glutamate-Weighted MRI in Forced Swim Test Model of Depression in Rats. Biomedicines 2024; 12:384. [PMID: 38397986 PMCID: PMC10887078 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer with glutamate (GluCEST) imaging is a novel technique for the non-invasive detection and quantification of cerebral Glu levels in neuromolecular processes. Here we used GluCEST imaging and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to assess in vivo changes in Glu signals within the hippocampus in a rat model of depression induced by a forced swim test. The forced swimming test (FST) group exhibited markedly reduced GluCEST-weighted levels and Glu concentrations when examined using 1H MRS in the hippocampal region compared to the control group (GluCEST-weighted levels: 3.67 ± 0.81% vs. 5.02 ± 0.44%, p < 0.001; and Glu concentrations: 6.560 ± 0.292 μmol/g vs. 7.133 ± 0.397 μmol/g, p = 0.001). Our results indicate that GluCEST imaging is a distinctive approach to detecting and monitoring Glu levels in a rat model of depression. Furthermore, the application of GluCEST imaging may provide a deeper insight into the neurochemical involvement of glutamate in various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah P.O. Box 1626, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yousun Ko
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Sung Jang
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (J.S.J.); (S.N.)
| | - Seongwon Na
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (J.S.J.); (S.N.)
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Do-Wan Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
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Viswanathan M, Kurmi Y, Zu Z. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging at -1.6 ppm in rat brain at 4.7T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:615-629. [PMID: 37867419 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A new nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE)-mediated saturation transfer signal at around -1.6 ppm, termed NOE(-1.6), has been reported at high fields of 7T and 9.4T previously. This study aims to validate the presence of this signal at a relatively low field of 4.7T and evaluate its variations in different brain regions and tumors. METHODS Rats were injected with monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles to reduce the NOE(-1.6) signal. CEST signals were measured using different saturation powers before and after injection to assess the presence of this signal. Multiple-pool Lorentzian fits, with/without inclusion of the NOE(-1.6) pool, were performed on CEST Z-spectra obtained from healthy rat brains and rats with 9L tumors. These fits aimed to further validate the presence of the NOE(-1.6) signal and quantify its amplitude. RESULTS The NOE(-1.6) signal exhibited a dramatic change following the injection of monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles, confirming its presence at 4.7T. The NOE(-1.6) signal reached its peak at a saturation power of ∼0.75 μT, indicating an optimized power level. The multiple-pool Lorentzian fit without the NOE(-1.6) pool showed higher residuals around -1.6 ppm compared to the fit with this pool, further supporting the presence of this signal. The NOE(-1.6) signal did not exhibit significant variation in the corpus callosum and caudate putamen regions, but it showed a significant decrease in tumors, which aligns with previous findings at 9.4T. CONCLUSION This study successfully demonstrated the presence of the NOE(-1.6) signal at 4.7T, which provides valuable insights into its potential applications at lower field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Viswanathan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yashwant Kurmi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Nisar S, Haris M. Neuroimaging genetics approaches to identify new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4995-5008. [PMID: 37069342 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Autism-spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental disabilities that manifest in early childhood and are characterized by qualitative abnormalities in social behaviors, communication skills, and restrictive or repetitive behaviors. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms in ASD, extensive research has been done to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers through a neuroimaging genetics approach. Neuroimaging genetics helps to identify ASD-risk genes that contribute to structural and functional variations in brain circuitry and validate biological changes by elucidating the mechanisms and pathways that confer genetic risk. Integrating artificial intelligence models with neuroimaging data lays the groundwork for accurate diagnosis and facilitates the identification of early diagnostic biomarkers for ASD. This review discusses the significance of neuroimaging genetics approaches to gaining a better understanding of the perturbed neurochemical system and molecular pathways in ASD and how these approaches can detect structural, functional, and metabolic changes and lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Dan Q, Jiang X, Wang R, Dai Z, Sun D. Biogenic Imaging Contrast Agents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207090. [PMID: 37401173 PMCID: PMC10477908 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging contrast agents are widely investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, among which biogenic imaging contrast agents (BICAs) are developing rapidly and playing an increasingly important role in biomedical research ranging from subcellular level to individual level. The unique properties of BICAs, including expression by cells as reporters and specific genetic modification, facilitate various in vitro and in vivo studies, such as quantification of gene expression, observation of protein interactions, visualization of cellular proliferation, monitoring of metabolism, and detection of dysfunctions. Furthermore, in human body, BICAs are remarkably helpful for disease diagnosis when the dysregulation of these agents occurs and can be detected through imaging techniques. There are various BICAs matched with a set of imaging techniques, including fluorescent proteins for fluorescence imaging, gas vesicles for ultrasound imaging, and ferritin for magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, bimodal and multimodal imaging can be realized through combining the functions of different BICAs, which helps overcome the limitations of monomodal imaging. In this review, the focus is on the properties, mechanisms, applications, and future directions of BICAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication SafetyDepartment of UltrasoundInstitute of Ultrasonic MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Run Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication SafetyDepartment of UltrasoundInstitute of Ultrasonic MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Desheng Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication SafetyDepartment of UltrasoundInstitute of Ultrasonic MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen518036P. R. China
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Graham JWC, Jeon P, Théberge J, Palaniyappan L. Non-linear variations in glutamate dynamics during a cognitive task engagement in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 332:111640. [PMID: 37121089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of glutamate in psychosis, we employ functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy at an ultra-high magnetic field (7T) and employ fuzzy-approximate entropy (F-ApEn) and Hurst Exponent (HE) to capture time-varying nature of glutamate signaling during a cognitive task. We recruited thirty first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) with age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) and administered the Color-Word Stroop paradigm, providing 128 raw MRS time-points per subject over a period of 16 min. We then performed metabolite quantification of glutamate in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region reliably activated during the Stroop task. Symptoms/cognitive functioning was measured using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-8 score, Social and Occupational Functioning (SOFAS) score, digit symbol) coding score, and Stroop accuracy. These scores were related to the Entropy/HE data from the overall glutamate time-series. Patients with FEP had significantly higher HE compared to HC, with individuals displaying significantly higher HE having lower functional performance (SOFAS) in both HC and FEP groups. Among healthy individuals, higher HE also indicated significantly lower cognitive function through Stroop accuracy and DSST scores. F-ApEn had an inverse Pearson correlation with HE, and tracked diagnosis, cognition and function as expected, but with lower effect sizes not reaching statistical significance. We demonstrate notable diagnostic differences in the temporal course of glutamate signaling during a cognitive task in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W C Graham
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Jeon
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Cember ATJ, Nanga RPR, Reddy R. Glutamate-weighted CEST (gluCEST) imaging for mapping neurometabolism: An update on the state of the art and emerging findings from in vivo applications. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4780. [PMID: 35642353 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. As such, its proper regulation is essential to the healthy function of the human brain, and dysregulation of glutamate metabolism and compartmentalization underlies numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric pathologies. Glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (gluCEST) MRI is one of the only ways to non-invasively observe the relative concentration and spatial distribution of glutamate in the human brain. In the past 10 years, gluCEST has developed from a proof-of-concept experiment carried out in imaging phantoms and model systems to an increasingly sophisticated technique applied to reveal deviations from baseline neural metabolism in human beings, most notably in patients experiencing seizures of various origins or those on the psychosis spectrum. This article traces that progress, including in-depth discussion of the technical specifics of gluCEST and potential challenges to performing these experiments rigorously. We discuss the neurobiological context of glutamate, including the widely accepted hypotheses and models in the literature regarding its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and other pathology. We then review the state of the art of in vivo glutamate detection by magnetic resonance imaging and the limitations on this front of in vivo MR spectroscopy. The gluCEST experiment is introduced and its advantages, challenges and limitations are thoroughly explored, beginning with the phantom experiment results demonstrated in the initial publication, through the latest approaches to correcting human brain images for B1 inhomogeneity. We then give a comprehensive overview of preclinical applications demonstrated to date, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Traumatic brain injury and cancer, followed by a similar discussion of human studies. Finally, we highlight emerging applications, and discuss technical improvements on the horizon that hold promise for improving the robustness and versatility of gluCEST and its increasing presence in the arena of translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail T J Cember
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine (CAMIPM), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine (CAMIPM), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine (CAMIPM), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
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Lee DW, Kwon JI, Heo H, Woo CW, Yu NH, Kim KW, Woo DC. Cerebral Glutamate Alterations Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging in a Rat Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050636. [PMID: 37233677 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is a useful imaging tool to detect glutamate signal alterations caused by neuroinflammation. This study aimed to visualize and quantitatively evaluate hippocampal glutamate alterations in a rat model of sepsis-induced brain injury using GluCEST and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Twenty-one Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups (sepsis-induced groups (SEP05, n = 7 and SEP10, n = 7) and controls (n = 7)). Sepsis was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 5 mg/kg (SEP05) or 10 mg/kg (SEP10). GluCEST values and 1H-MRS concentrations in the hippocampal region were quantified using conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry and a water scaling method, respectively. In addition, we examined immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining to observe the immune response and activity in the hippocampal region after LPS exposure. The GluCEST and 1H-MRS results showed that GluCEST values and glutamate concentrations were significantly higher in sepsis-induced rats than those in controls as the LPS dose increased. GluCEST imaging may be a helpful technique for defining biomarkers to estimate glutamate-related metabolism in sepsis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Im Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Nonclinical Research Center, QuBEST BIO Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17015, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hee Yu
- Nonclinical Research Center, QuBEST BIO Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17015, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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13
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Glutamatergic dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:500. [PMID: 36463316 PMCID: PMC9719533 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The NMDA-R hypofunction model of schizophrenia started with the clinical observation of the precipitation of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia exposed to PCP or ketamine. Healthy volunteers exposed to acute low doses of ketamine experienced mild psychosis but also negative and cognitive type symptoms reminiscent of the full clinical picture of schizophrenia. In rodents, acute systemic ketamine resulted in a paradoxical increase in extracellular frontal glutamate as well as of dopamine. Similar increase in prefrontal glutamate was documented with acute ketamine in healthy volunteers with 1H-MRS. Furthermore, sub-chronic low dose PCP lead to reductions in frontal dendritic tree density in rodents. In post-mortem ultrastructural studies in schizophrenia, a broad reduction in dendritic complexity and somal volume of pyramidal cells has been repeatedly described. This most likely accounts for the broad, subtle progressive cortical thinning described with MRI in- vivo. Additionally, prefrontal reductions in the obligatory GluN1 subunit of the NMDA-R has been repeatedly found in post-mortem tissue. The vast 1H-MRS literature in schizophrenia has documented trait-like small increases in glutamate concentrations in striatum very early in the illness, before antipsychotic treatment (the same structure where increased pre-synaptic release of dopamine has been reported with PET). The more recent genetic literature has reliably detected very small risk effects for common variants involving several glutamate-related genes. The pharmacological literature has followed two main tracks, directly informed by the NMDA-R hypo model: agonism at the glycine site (as mostly add-on studies targeting negative and cognitive symptoms); and pre-synaptic modulation of glutamatergic release (as single agents for acute psychosis). Unfortunately, both approaches have failed so far. There is little doubt that brain glutamatergic abnormalities are present in schizophrenia and that some of these are related to the etiology of the illness. The genetic literature directly supports a non- specific etiological role for glutamatergic dysfunction. Whether NMDA-R hypofunction as a specific mechanism accounts for any important component of the illness is still not evident. However, a glutamatergic model still has heuristic value to guide future research in schizophrenia. New tools to jointly examine brain glutamatergic, GABA-ergic and dopaminergic systems in-vivo, early in the illness, may lay the ground for a next generation of clinical trials that go beyond dopamine D2 blockade.
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14
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Rosenfeld E, Nanga RPR, Lucas A, Revell AY, Thomas A, Thomas NH, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Reddy R, Davis KA, De León DD. Characterizing the neurological phenotype of the hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:248. [PMID: 35752848 PMCID: PMC9233810 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is caused by activating mutations in GLUD1, encoding glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Atypical absence seizures and neuropsychological disorders occur at high rates in this form of hyperinsulinism. Dysregulated central nervous system (CNS) glutamate balance, due to GDH overactivity in the brain, has been hypothesized to play a role. This study aimed to describe the neurologic phenotype in HI/HA syndrome and investigate CNS glutamate levels using glutamate weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (GluCEST MRI). In this cross-sectional study, 12 subjects with HI/HA syndrome had plasma ammonia measurement, self- or parent-completed neurocognitive assessments, electroencephalogram (EEG), and GluCEST MRI at 7 T performed. GluCEST MRI measures were compared to a historic reference population of 10 healthy adults. RESULTS Subjects were five males and seven females with median age of 25.5 years. Seventy-five percent of subjects reported a history of neurodevelopmental problems and 42% had neurocognitive assessment scores outside the normal range. Fifty percent had interictal EEG findings of generalized, irregular spike and wave discharges. Higher variability in hippocampal GluCEST asymmetry (p = 0.002), and in peak hippocampal GluCEST values (p = 0.008), was observed in HI/HA subjects (n = 9 with interpretable MRI) compared to the healthy reference population (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of abnormal neurocognitive assessment scores and interictal EEG findings observed highlights the importance of longitudinal neuropsychological assessment for individuals with HI/HA syndrome. Our findings demonstrate the potential application of GluCEST to investigate persistent knowledge gaps in the mechanisms underlying the unique neurophenotype of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rosenfeld
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alfredo Lucas
- Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Y Revell
- Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison Thomas
- Behavioral Neuroscience Core, Center for Human Phenomic Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nina H Thomas
- Behavioral Neuroscience Core, Center for Human Phenomic Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russel T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diva D De León
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Okada T, Fujimoto K, Fushimi Y, Akasaka T, Thuy DHD, Shima A, Sawamoto N, Oishi N, Zhang Z, Funaki T, Nakamoto Y, Murai T, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Isa T. Neuroimaging at 7 Tesla: a pictorial narrative review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:3406-3435. [PMID: 35655840 PMCID: PMC9131333 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuroimaging using the 7-Tesla (7T) human magnetic resonance (MR) system is rapidly gaining popularity after being approved for clinical use in the European Union and the USA. This trend is the same for functional MR imaging (MRI). The primary advantages of 7T over lower magnetic fields are its higher signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, which provide high-resolution acquisitions and better contrast, making it easier to detect lesions and structural changes in brain disorders. Another advantage is the capability to measure a greater number of neurochemicals by virtue of the increased spectral resolution. Many structural and functional studies using 7T have been conducted to visualize details in the white matter and layers of the cortex and hippocampus, the subnucleus or regions of the putamen, the globus pallidus, thalamus and substantia nigra, and in small structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus, habenula, perforating arteries, and the perivascular space, that are difficult to observe at lower magnetic field strengths. The target disorders for 7T neuroimaging range from tumoral diseases to vascular, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. MR spectroscopy has also been used for research because of its increased chemical shift that separates overlapping peaks and resolves neurochemicals more effectively at 7T than a lower magnetic field. This paper presents a narrative review of these topics and an illustrative presentation of images obtained at 7T. We expect 7T neuroimaging to provide a new imaging biomarker of various brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Okada
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fujimoto
- Department of Real World Data Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thai Akasaka
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dinh H. D. Thuy
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shima
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Sawamoto
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Medial Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Nisar S, Bhat AA, Masoodi T, Hashem S, Akhtar S, Ali TA, Amjad S, Chawla S, Bagga P, Frenneaux MP, Reddy R, Fakhro K, Haris M. Genetics of glutamate and its receptors in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2380-2392. [PMID: 35296811 PMCID: PMC9135628 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment characterized by deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors that are thought to be due to altered neurotransmission processes. The amino acid glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain that regulates cognitive functions such as learning and memory, which are usually impaired in ASD. Over the last several years, increasing evidence from genetics, neuroimaging, protein expression, and animal model studies supporting the notion of altered glutamate metabolism has heightened the interest in evaluating glutamatergic dysfunction in ASD. Numerous pharmacological, behavioral, and imaging studies have demonstrated the imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, thus revealing the involvement of the glutamatergic system in ASD pathology. Here, we review the effects of genetic alterations on glutamate and its receptors in ASD and the role of non-invasive imaging modalities in detecting these changes. We also highlight the potential therapeutic targets associated with impaired glutamatergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tayyiba Akbar Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Amjad
- Shibli National College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, 276001, India
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Laboratory of Animal Research, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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17
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Garin CM, Nadkarni NA, Pépin J, Flament J, Dhenain M. Whole brain mapping of glutamate distribution in adult and old primates at 11.7T. Neuroimage 2022; 251:118984. [PMID: 35149230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the amino acid with the highest cerebral concentration. It plays a central role in brain metabolism. It is also the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is involved in multiple cognitive functions. Alterations of the glutamatergic system may contribute to the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders. For example, changes of glutamate availability are reported in rodents and humans during Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, epilepsy as well as during aging. Most studies evaluating cerebral glutamate have used invasive or spectroscopy approaches focusing on specific brain areas. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer imaging of glutamate (gluCEST) is a recently developed imaging technique that can be used to study relative changes in glutamate distribution in the entire brain with higher sensitivity and at higher resolution than previous techniques. It thus has strong potential clinical applications to assess glutamate changes in the brain. High field is a key condition to perform gluCEST images with a meaningful signal to noise ratio. Thus, even if some studies started to evaluate gluCEST in humans, most studies focused on rodent models that can be imaged at high magnetic field. In particular, systematic characterization of gluCEST contrast distribution throughout the whole brain has never been performed in humans or non-human primates. Here, we characterized for the first time the distribution of the gluCEST contrast in the whole brain and in large-scale networks of mouse lemur primates at 11.7 Tesla. Because of its small size, this primate can be imaged in high magnetic field systems. It is widely studied as a model of cerebral aging or Alzheimer's disease. We observed high gluCEST contrast in cerebral regions such as the nucleus accumbens, septum, basal forebrain, cortical areas 24 and 25. Age-related alterations of this biomarker were detected in the nucleus accumbens, septum, basal forebrain, globus pallidus, hypophysis, cortical areas 24, 21, 6 and in olfactory bulbs. An age-related gluCEST contrast decrease was also detected in specific neuronal networks, such as fronto-temporal and evaluative limbic networks. These results outline regional differences of gluCEST contrast and strengthen its potential to provide new biomarkers of cerebral function in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément M Garin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nachiket A Nadkarni
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jérémy Pépin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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18
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Neuner I, Veselinović T, Ramkiran S, Rajkumar R, Schnellbaecher GJ, Shah NJ. 7T ultra-high-field neuroimaging for mental health: an emerging tool for precision psychiatry? Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:36. [PMID: 35082273 PMCID: PMC8791951 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the huge symptom diversity and complexity of mental disorders, an individual approach is the most promising avenue for clinical transfer and the establishment of personalized psychiatry. However, due to technical limitations, knowledge about the neurobiological basis of mental illnesses has, to date, mainly been based on findings resulting from evaluations of average data from certain diagnostic groups. We postulate that this could change substantially through the use of the emerging ultra-high-field MRI (UHF-MRI) technology. The main advantages of UHF-MRI include high signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in higher spatial resolution and contrast and enabling individual examinations of single subjects. Thus, we used this technology to assess changes in the properties of resting-state networks over the course of therapy in a naturalistic study of two depressed patients. Significant changes in several network property measures were found in regions corresponding to prior knowledge from group-level studies. Moreover, relevant parameters were already significantly divergent in both patients at baseline. In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of UHF-MRI for capturing individual neurobiological correlates of mental diseases. These could serve as a tool for therapy monitoring and pave the way for a truly individualized and predictive clinical approach in psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Neuner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich/Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tanja Veselinović
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shukti Ramkiran
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ravichandran Rajkumar
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich/Aachen, Germany
| | | | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich/Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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19
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Lavigne KM, Kanagasabai K, Palaniyappan L. Ultra-high field neuroimaging in psychosis: A narrative review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:994372. [PMID: 36506432 PMCID: PMC9730890 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.994372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and related psychoses are complex neuropsychiatric diseases representing dysconnectivity across multiple scales, through the micro (cellular), meso (brain network), manifest (behavioral), and social (interpersonal) levels. In vivo human neuroimaging, particularly at ultra-high field (UHF), offers unprecedented opportunity to examine multiscale dysconnectivity in psychosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature to date on UHF in psychosis, focusing on microscale findings from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), mesoscale studies on structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and multiscale studies assessing multiple neuroimaging modalities and relating UHF findings to behavior. We highlight key insights and considerations from multiscale and longitudinal studies and provide recommendations for future research on UHF neuroimaging in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Lavigne
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kesavi Kanagasabai
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Boyd PS, Breitling J, Korzowski A, Zaiss M, Franke VL, Mueller-Decker K, Glinka A, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Goerke S. Mapping intracellular pH in tumors using amide and guanidyl CEST-MRI at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:2436-2452. [PMID: 34958684 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In principle, non-invasive mapping of the intracellular pH (pHi ) in vivo is possible using endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI of the amide and guanidyl signals. However, the application for cancer imaging is still impeded, as current state-of-the-art approaches do not allow for simultaneous compensation of concomitant effects that vary within tumors. In this study, we present a novel method for absolute pHi mapping using endogenous CEST-MRI, which simultaneously compensates for concentration changes, superimposing CEST signals, magnetization transfer contrast, and spillover dilution. THEORY AND METHODS Compensation of the concomitant effects was achieved by a ratiometric approach (i.e. the ratio of one CEST signal at different B1 ) in combination with the relaxation-compensated inverse magnetization transfer ratio MTRRex and a separate first-order polynomial-Lorentzian fit of the amide and guanidyl signals at 9.4 T. Calibration of pH values was accomplished using in vivo-like model suspensions from porcine brain lysates. Applicability of the presented method in vivo was demonstrated in n = 19 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS In porcine brain lysates, measurement of pH was feasible over a broad range of physiologically relevant pH values of 6.2 to 8.0, while being independent of changes in concentration. A median pHi of approximately 7.2 was found in the lesions of 19 tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION The presented method enables non-invasive mapping of absolute pHi values in tumors using CEST-MRI, which was so far prevented by concomitant effects. Consequently, pre-clinical studies on pHi changes in tumors are possible allowing the assessment of pHi in vivo as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis or treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Division of Neuroradiology in Radiological Institute, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa L Franke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Mueller-Decker
- Core Facility Tumor Models (Center for Preclinical Research), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Glinka
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Goddings AL, Roalf D, Lebel C, Tamnes CK. Development of white matter microstructure and executive functions during childhood and adolescence: a review of diffusion MRI studies. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 51:101008. [PMID: 34492631 PMCID: PMC8424510 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides indirect measures of white matter microstructure that can be used to make inferences about structural connectivity within the brain. Over the last decade, a growing literature of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have documented relationships between dMRI indices and cognitive development. In this review, we provide a brief overview of dMRI methods and how they can be used to study white matter and connectivity and review the extant literature examining the links between dMRI indices and executive functions during development. We explore the links between white matter microstructure and specific executive functions: inhibition, working memory and cognitive shifting, as well as performance on complex executive function tasks. Concordance in findings across studies are highlighted, and potential explanations for discrepancies between results, together with challenges with using dMRI in child and adolescent populations, are discussed. Finally, we explore future directions that are necessary to better understand the links between child and adolescent development of structural connectivity of the brain and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Goddings
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
| | - David Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Zhou Y, Wang H. Editorial for "Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging and Functional Alterations of Hippocampus in Rat Depression Model: A Pilot Study". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1977-1978. [PMID: 34505749 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Zhou
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Wen Q, Wang K, Hsu YC, Xu Y, Sun Y, Wu D, Zhang Y. Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging for epilepsy secondary to tuberous sclerosis complex at 3 T: Optimization and analysis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4563. [PMID: 34046976 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of various metabolites is impaired in epilepsy secondary to the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is an emerging molecular MRI technique that can detect various metabolites and proteins in vivo. However, the role of CEST imaging for TSC-associated epilepsy has not been assessed. Here, we aim to investigate the feasibility of applying CEST imaging to TSC-associated epilepsy, optimize the CEST acquisition parameters, and provide an analysis method for exploring the dominant molecular contributors to the CEST signal measured. Nine TSC epilepsy patients were scanned on a 3-T MRI system. The CEST saturation frequencies were swept from -6 to 6 ppm with 12 different combinations of saturation power (4, 3, 2 and 1 μT) and duration (1000, 700 and 400 ms). Furthermore, a two-stage simulation method based on the seven-pool Bloch-McConnell model was proposed to assess the contribution of each exchangeable pool to the CEST signal in normal-appearing white matter and cortical tubers, which avoided the complexity and uncertainty of full Bloch-McConnell fitting. The results showed that under the optimal saturation duration of 1000 ms, the greatest contrast between tubers and normal tissues occurred around 3, 2.5, 1.75 and 3.5 ppm for B1 of 4, 3, 2 and 1 μT, respectively. At the optimal frequency offsets, the CEST values of tubers were significantly higher than those in the normal brain tissues (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the two-stage analysis suggested that the amine pool played a dominant role in yielding the contrast between cortical tubers and normal tissues. These results indicate that CEST MRI may serve as a potentially useful tool for identifying tubers in TSC, and the two-stage analysis method may provide a route for investigating the molecular contributions to the CEST contrast in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Hadar PN, Kini LG, Nanga RPR, Shinohara RT, Chen SH, Shah P, Wisse LEM, Elliott MA, Hariharan H, Reddy R, Detre JA, Stein JM, Das S, Davis KA. Volumetric glutamate imaging (GluCEST) using 7T MRI can lateralize nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy: A preliminary study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02134. [PMID: 34255437 PMCID: PMC8413808 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-resistant epilepsy patients show worse outcomes after resection when standard neuroimaging is nonlesional, which occurs in one-third of patients. In prior work, we employed 2-D glutamate imaging, Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST), to lateralize seizure onset in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on increased ipsilateral GluCEST signal in the total hippocampus and hippocampal head. We present a significant advancement to single-slice GluCEST imaging, allowing for three-dimensional analysis of brain glutamate networks. METHODS The study population consisted of four MRI-negative, nonlesional TLE patients (two male, two female) with electrographically identified left temporal onset seizures. Imaging was conducted on a Siemens 7T MRI scanner using the CEST method for glutamate, while the advanced normalization tools (ANTs) pipeline and the Automated Segmentation of the Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) method were employed for image analysis. RESULTS Volumetric GluCEST imaging was validated in four nonlesional TLE patients showing increased glutamate lateralized to the hippocampus of seizure onset (p = .048, with a difference among ipsilateral to contralateral GluCEST signal percentage ranging from -0.05 to 1.37), as well as increased GluCEST signal in the ipsilateral subiculum (p = .034, with a difference among ipsilateral to contralateral GluCEST signal ranging from 0.13 to 1.57). CONCLUSIONS The ability of 3-D, volumetric GluCEST to localize seizure onset down to the hippocampal subfield in nonlesional TLE is an improvement upon our previous 2-D, single-slice GluCEST method. Eventually, we hope to expand volumetric GluCEST to whole-brain glutamate imaging, thus enabling noninvasive analysis of glutamate networks in epilepsy and potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Hadar
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lohith G Kini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie H Chen
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Preya Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Penn Image Computing & Science Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandhitsu Das
- Penn Image Computing & Science Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Luo X, Ren Q, Luo M, Li T, Lv Y, Liu Y, Rong K, Zhang W, Li X. Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging and Functional Alterations of Hippocampus in Rat Depression Model: A Pilot Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1967-1976. [PMID: 34291854 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjusting abnormal glutamate neurotransmission is a crucial mechanism in the treatment of depression. However, few non-invasive techniques could effectively detect changes in glutamate neurotransmitters, and no consensus exists on whether glutamate could affect resting-state function changes in depression. PURPOSE To study the changes in glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) value in the hippocampus of rat model exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and to explore the effect of this change on the activity of hippocampal glutamatergic neurons. STUDY TYPE Prospective animal study. ANIMAL MODEL Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-300 g). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7.0 T scanner. Fat rapid acquisition relaxation enhancement sequence for GluCEST, and echo planner imaging sequence for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs_fMRI). ASSESSMENT Rats were divided into two groups: CUMS group (N = 10) and control group (CTRL, N = 10). The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry analysis was used to quantify the GluCEST data, and evaluate the rs_fMRI data through the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis. STATISTICAL TESTS A t-test was used to compare the difference in GluCEST or rs_fMRI between CUMS and CTRL groups. Spearman's correlation was applied to explore the correlation between GluCEST values and abnormal fMRI values in hippocampus. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The GluCEST value in the left hippocampus has changed significantly (3.3 ± 0.3 [CUMS] vs. 3.9 ± 0.4 [CTRL], P < 0.05). In addition, the GluCEST value was significantly positively correlated with the ALFF values (r = 0.5, P < 0. 05, df = 7) and negatively correlated with the ReHo values (r = -0.6, P < 0.05, df = 7). DATA CONCLUSION GluCEST technique has the feasibility of mapping glutamate changes in rat depression. Glutamate neurotransmitters are important factors affecting the abnormal function of neural activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunrong Luo
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingfa Ren
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingfang Luo
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tianping Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yijie Lv
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Kang Rong
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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26
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Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:349. [PMID: 34091591 PMCID: PMC8179928 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and neurodevelopmental childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, restlessness, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may continue in 55-66% of cases from childhood into adulthood. Even though the precise etiology of ADHD is not fully understood, it is considered as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with several contributing factors such as heritability, auxiliary to neurodevelopmental issues, severe brain injuries, neuroinflammation, consanguineous marriages, premature birth, and exposure to environmental toxins. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments may help to explore the possible role of genetic variations on ADHD neuropsychobiology. Multiple genetic studies have observed a strong genetic association with various aspects of neuropsychobiological functions, including neural abnormalities and delayed neurodevelopment in ADHD. The advancement in neuroimaging and molecular genomics offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of genetic variations alongside its dysregulated pathways on structural and functional derived brain imaging phenotypes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Recently, neuroimaging genomic studies observed a significant association of brain imaging phenotypes with genetic susceptibility in ADHD. Integrating the neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with genomics deciphers various neurobiological pathways that can be leveraged for the development of novel clinical biomarkers, new treatment modalities as well as therapeutic interventions for ADHD patients. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of ADHD with particular emphasis on structural and functional changes in the ADHD brain and their interactions with complex genomic variations utilizing imaging genetics methodologies. We also highlight the genetic variants supposedly allied with the development of ADHD and how these, in turn, may affect the brain circuit function and related behaviors. In addition to reviewing imaging genetic studies, we also examine the need for complementary approaches at various levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating results to explore biological pathways involved in ADHD disorder. These approaches include animal models, computational biology, bioinformatics analyses, and multimodal imaging genetics studies.
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27
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Sydnor VJ, Larsen B, Kohler C, Crow AJD, Rush SL, Calkins ME, Gur RC, Gur RE, Ruparel K, Kable JW, Young JF, Chawla S, Elliott MA, Shinohara RT, Nanga RPR, Reddy R, Wolf DH, Satterthwaite TD, Roalf DR. Diminished reward responsiveness is associated with lower reward network GluCEST: an ultra-high field glutamate imaging study. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2137-2147. [PMID: 33479514 PMCID: PMC8292427 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low reward responsiveness (RR) is associated with poor psychological well-being, psychiatric disorder risk, and psychotropic treatment resistance. Functional MRI studies have reported decreased activity within the brain's reward network in individuals with RR deficits, however the neurochemistry underlying network hypofunction in those with low RR remains unclear. This study employed ultra-high field glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging to investigate the hypothesis that glutamatergic deficits within the reward network contribute to low RR. GluCEST images were acquired at 7.0 T from 45 participants (ages 15-29, 30 females) including 15 healthy individuals, 11 with depression, and 19 with psychosis spectrum symptoms. The GluCEST contrast, a measure sensitive to local glutamate concentration, was quantified in a meta-analytically defined reward network comprised of cortical, subcortical, and brainstem regions. Associations between brain GluCEST contrast and Behavioral Activation System Scale RR scores were assessed using multiple linear regressions. Analyses revealed that reward network GluCEST contrast was positively and selectively associated with RR, but not other clinical features. Follow-up investigations identified that this association was driven by the subcortical reward network and network areas that encode the salience of valenced stimuli. We observed no association between RR and the GluCEST contrast within non-reward cortex. This study thus provides new evidence that reward network glutamate levels contribute to individual differences in RR. Decreased reward network excitatory neurotransmission or metabolism may be mechanisms driving reward network hypofunction and RR deficits. These findings provide a framework for understanding the efficacy of glutamate-modulating psychotropics such as ketamine for treating anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Sydnor
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christian Kohler
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J. D. Crow
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sage L. Rush
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W. Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,MindCORE, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jami F. Young
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R. Roalf
- Penn Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Bednarik P, Spurny B, Silberbauer LR, Svatkova A, Handschuh PA, Reiter B, Konadu ME, Stimpfl T, Spies M, Bogner W, Lanzenberger R. Effect of Ketamine on Human Neurochemistry in Posterior Cingulate Cortex: A Pilot Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study at 3 Tesla. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:609485. [PMID: 33841073 PMCID: PMC8024494 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.609485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a powerful glutamatergic long-lasting antidepressant, efficient in intractable major depression. Whereas ketamine's immediate psychomimetic side-effects were linked to glutamate changes, proton MRS (1H-MRS) showed an association between the ratio of glutamate and glutamine and delayed antidepressant effect emerging ∼2 h after ketamine administration. While most 1H-MRS studies focused on anterior cingulate, recent functional MRI connectivity studies revealed an association between ketamine's antidepressant effect and disturbed connectivity patterns to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and related PCC dysfunction to rumination and memory impairment involved in depressive pathophysiology. The current study utilized the state-of-the-art single-voxel 3T sLASER 1H-MRS methodology optimized for reproducible measurements. Ketamine's effects on neurochemicals were assessed before and ∼3 h after intravenous ketamine challenge in PCC. Concentrations of 11 neurochemicals, including glutamate (CRLB ∼ 4%) and glutamine (CRLB ∼ 13%), were reliably quantified with the LCModel in 12 healthy young men with between-session coefficients of variation (SD/mean) <8%. Also, ratios of glutamate/glutamine and glutamate/aspartate were assessed as markers of synaptic function and activated glucose metabolism, respectively. Pairwise comparison of metabolite profiles at baseline and 193 ± 4 min after ketamine challenge yielded no differences. Minimal detectable concentration differences estimated with post hoc power analysis (power = 80%, alpha = 0.05) were below 0.5 μmol/g, namely 0.39 μmol/g (∼4%) for glutamate, 0.28 μmol/g (∼10%) for Gln, ∼14% for glutamate/glutamine and ∼8% for glutamate/aspartate. Despite the high sensitivity to detect between-session differences in glutamate and glutamine concentrations, our study did not detect delayed glutamatergic responses to subanesthetic ketamine doses in PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Bednarik
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Spurny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leo R. Silberbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alena Svatkova
- Department of Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia A. Handschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Reiter
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melisande E. Konadu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sydnor VJ, Lyall AE, Cetin-Karayumak S, Cheung JC, Felicione JM, Akeju O, Shenton ME, Deckersbach T, Ionescu DF, Pasternak O, Cusin C, Kubicki M. Studying pre-treatment and ketamine-induced changes in white matter microstructure in the context of ketamine's antidepressant effects. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:432. [PMID: 33319774 PMCID: PMC7738670 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is increasingly being used as a therapeutic for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), yet the effects of ketamine on the human brain remain largely unknown. This pilot study employed diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) to examine relationships between ketamine treatment and white matter (WM) microstructure, with the aim of increasing the current understanding of ketamine's neural mechanisms of action in humans. Longitudinal dMRI data were acquired from 13 individuals with TRD two hours prior to (pre-infusion), and four hours following (post-infusion), an intravenous ketamine infusion. Free-water imaging was employed to quantify cerebrospinal fluid-corrected mean fractional anisotropy (FA) in 15 WM bundles pre- and post-infusion. Analyses revealed that higher pre-infusion FA in the left cingulum bundle and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus was associated with greater depression symptom improvement 24 h post-ketamine. Moreover, four hours after intravenous administration of ketamine, FA rapidly increased in numerous WM bundles in the brain; this increase was significantly associated with 24 h symptom improvement in select bundles. Overall, the results of this preliminary study suggest that WM properties, as measured by dMRI, may have a potential impact on clinical improvement following ketamine. Ketamine administration additionally appears to be associated with rapid WM diffusivity changes, suggestive of rapid changes in WM microstructure. This study thus points to pre-treatment WM structure as a potential factor associated with ketamine's clinical efficacy, and to post-treatment microstructural changes as a candidate neuroimaging marker of ketamine's cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Sydnor
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Amanda E. Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joey C. Cheung
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Depression Clinical and Research Program (DCRP), Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Julia M. Felicione
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Boston, MA USA
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA USA
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Dawn F. Ionescu
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Depression Clinical and Research Program (DCRP), Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Cristina Cusin
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Depression Clinical and Research Program (DCRP), Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Temporal Changes in In Vivo Glutamate Signal during Demyelination and Remyelination in the Corpus Callosum: A Glutamate-Weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249468. [PMID: 33322784 PMCID: PMC7764201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is a useful imaging tool that can be used to detect changes in glutamate levels in vivo and could also be helpful in the diagnosis of brain myelin changes. We investigated glutamate level changes in the cerebral white matter of a rat model of cuprizone-administered demyelination and remyelination using GluCEST. METHOD We used a 7 T pre-clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The rats were divided into the normal control (CTRL), cuprizone-administered demyelination (CPZDM), and remyelination (CPZRM) groups. GluCEST data were analyzed using the conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry in the corpus callosum. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy analyses were also performed to investigate the myelinated axon changes in each group. RESULTS The quantified GluCEST signals differed significantly between the CPZDM and CTRL groups (-7.25 ± 1.42% vs. -2.84 ± 1.30%; p = 0.001). The increased GluCEST signals in the CPZDM group decreased after remyelination (-6.52 ± 1.95% in CPZRM) to levels that did not differ significantly from those in the CTRL group (p = 0.734). CONCLUSION The apparent temporal signal changes in GluCEST imaging during demyelination and remyelination demonstrated the potential usefulness of GluCEST imaging as a tool to monitor the myelination process.
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Sydnor VJ, Roalf DR. A meta-analysis of ultra-high field glutamate, glutamine, GABA and glutathione 1HMRS in psychosis: Implications for studies of psychosis risk. Schizophr Res 2020; 226:61-69. [PMID: 32723493 PMCID: PMC7750272 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-high field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) offers a unique opportunity to measure the concentration of neurometabolites implicated in psychosis (PSY). The extant 7 T 1HMRS literature measuring glutamate-associated neurometabolites in the brain in PSY in vivo is small, but a comprehensive, quantitative summary of these data can offer insight and guidance to this emerging field. This meta-analysis examines proton spectroscopy (1HMRS) measures of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), glutamate+glutamine (Glx), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione (GSH) across 255 individuals with PSY (121 first episode) and 293 healthy comparison participants (HC). While all five neurometabolites were lower in PSY as compared to HC, only Glu (Cohen's d = -0.18) and GSH (Cohen's d = -0.21) concentrations were significantly lower in PSY, whereas concentrations of Gln, Glx, and GABA did not significantly differ between groups. Notably, 1HMRS methodological choices and sample demographic characteristics did not impact study-specific effect sizes for PSY-related Glu or GSH differences. This review thus provides further evidence of neurometabolite dysfunction in first episode and chronic PSY, and thereby suggests that Glu and GSH abnormalities may additionally play a role in more incipient stages of the disorder: in clinical high risk stages. Additional 7 T neurochemical imaging studies in larger, longitudinal, and unmedicated samples and in youth at risk for developing psychosis are needed. Such studies will be critical for elucidating the neurodevelopmental and clinical time course of PSY-related neurometabolite alterations, and for assessing the potential for implicated metabolites to serve as druggable targets for decreasing PSY risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Sydnor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Lifespan Brain Institute at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia & the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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32
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Zeng H, Zhang X, Wang W, Shen Z, Dai Z, Yu Z, Xu S, Yan G, Huang Q, Wu R, Chen X, Xu H. Maternal separation with early weaning impairs neuron-glia integrity: non-invasive evaluation and substructure demonstration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19440. [PMID: 33173142 PMCID: PMC7656452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes play essential roles in regulating neural signal transduction along neural circuits in CNS. The perfect coordination of neuron/astrocyte and neuron/oligodendrocyte entities was termed as neuron-glia integrity recently. Here we monitored the status of neuron-glia integrity via non-invasive neuroimaging methods and demonstrated the substructures of it using other approaches in an animal model of maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW), which mimics early life neglect and abuse in humans. Compared to controls, MSEW rats showed higher glutamate level, but lower GABA in prefrontal cortex (PFC) detected by chemical exchange saturation transfer and 1H-MRS methods, lower levels of glial glutamate transporter-1 and ATP-α, but increased levels of glutamate decarboxylase-65 and glutamine synthetase in PFC; reduced fractional anisotropy in various brain regions revealed by diffusion tensor imaging, along with increased levels of N-acetyl-aspartate measured by 1H-MRS; and hypomyelination in PFC as evidenced by relevant cellular and molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zeng
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Xianyue Hospital/Xiamen Mental Health Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Xianyue Hospital/Xiamen Mental Health Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuozhi Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhijia Yu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Gen Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA
| | - Haiyun Xu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- The School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Abstract
Conventional medical imaging techniques use contrast agents that are chemically labeled, for example, iodine in the case of computed tomography, radioisotopes in the case of PET, or gadolinium in the case of MR imaging to create or enhance signal contrast and to visualize tissue compartments and features. Dynamic glucose-enhanced MR imaging represents a novel technique that uses natural, unlabeled d-glucose as a nontoxic biodegradable contrast agent in chemical exchange-sensitive MR imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
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Roalf DR, de la Garza AG, Rosen A, Calkins ME, Moore TM, Quarmley M, Ruparel K, Xia CH, Rupert PE, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Elliott MA, Gur RC, Gur RE. Alterations in white matter microstructure in individuals at persistent risk for psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2441-2454. [PMID: 30723287 PMCID: PMC6682472 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in brain white matter (WM) are reported in youth at-risk for psychosis. Yet, the neurodevelopmental time course of these abnormalities remains unclear. Thus, longitudinal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was used to investigate WM abnormalities in youth at-risk for psychosis. A subset of individuals from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) completed two DWI scans approximately 20 months apart. Youths were identified through structured interview as having subthreshold persistent psychosis risk symptoms (n = 46), and were compared to healthy typically developing participants (TD; n = 98). Analyses were conducted at voxelwise and regional levels. Nonlinear developmental patterns were examined using penalized splines within a generalized additive model. Compared to TD, youth with persistent psychosis risk symptoms had lower whole-brain WM fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD). Voxelwise analyses revealed clusters of significant WM abnormalities within the temporal and parietal lobes. Lower FA within the cingulum bundle of hippocampus and cerebrospinal tracts were the most robust deficits in individuals with persistent psychosis symptoms. These findings were consistent over two visits. Thus, it appears that WM abnormalities are present early in youth with persistent psychosis risk symptoms, however, there is little evidence to suggest that these features emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood. Future studies should seek to characterize WM abnormalities in younger individuals and follow individuals as subthreshold psychotic symptoms emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angel Garcia de la Garza
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adon Rosen
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan Quarmley
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cedric Huchuan Xia
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Petra E. Rupert
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lee DW, Woo CW, Woo DC, Kim JK, Kim KW, Lee DH. Regional Mapping of Brain Glutamate Distributions Using Glutamate-Weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E571. [PMID: 32784483 PMCID: PMC7459654 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate glutamate signal distributions in multiple brain regions of a healthy rat brain using glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging. METHOD The GluCEST data were obtained using a 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, and all data were analyzed using conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry in eight brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum, and rest of midbrain in each hemisphere). GluCEST data acquisition was performed again one month later in five randomly selected rats to evaluate the stability of the GluCEST signal. To evaluate glutamate level changes calculated by GluCEST data, we compared the results with the concentration of glutamate acquired from 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) data in the cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS GluCEST signals showed significant differences (all p ≤ 0.001) between the corpus callosum (-1.71 ± 1.04%; white matter) and other brain regions (3.59 ± 0.41%, cortex; 5.47 ± 0.61%, hippocampus; 4.49 ± 1.11%, rest of midbrain; gray matter). The stability test of GluCEST findings for each brain region was not significantly different (all p ≥ 0.263). In line with the GluCEST results, glutamate concentrations measured by 1H MRS also appeared higher in the hippocampus (7.30 ± 0.16 μmol/g) than the cortex (6.89 ± 0.72 μmol/g). CONCLUSION Mapping of GluCEST signals in the healthy rat brain clearly visualize glutamate distributions. These findings may yield a valuable database and insights for comparing glutamate signal changes in pre-clinical brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-W.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-W.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-W.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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Roalf DR, Sydnor VJ, Woods M, Wolk DA, Scott JC, Reddy R, Moberg PJ. A quantitative meta-analysis of brain glutamate metabolites in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:240-249. [PMID: 32866885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is a key molecule in cellular metabolism, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and the principal neurotransmitter of cortical efferents. Glutamate dysfunction, on the other hand, is common in neurodegenerative disorders, and likely contributes to age-related declines in behavioral and cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, the extant literature measuring age-related changes in brain glutamate in vivo has yet to be comprehensively and quantitatively summarized. This meta-analysis examines proton spectroscopy (1HMRS) measures of Glu-related brain metabolites across 589 healthy young and older adults. Glu (Cohen's d = -0.82) and Glu+glutamine (Cohen's d = -0.51) concentrations were significantly lower in older compared with younger adults, whereas the concentration of glutamine (d = 0.43) was significantly higher in older individuals. Notably, 1HMRS methodological choices impacted effect sizes for age-related Glu differences. Glu metabolite change appears to be a robust marker of aging-related neurological change; however, additional studies are needed to elucidate age-related trajectories of glutamatergic alterations and their relationship to cognitive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pépin J, de Longprez L, Trovero F, Brouillet E, Valette J, Flament J. Complementarity of gluCEST and 1 H-MRS for the study of mouse models of Huntington's disease. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4301. [PMID: 32198958 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Identification of relevant biomarkers is fundamental to understand biological processes of neurodegenerative diseases and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Atrophy of brain structures has been proposed as a biomarker, but it provides little information about biochemical events related to the disease. Here, we propose to identify early and relevant biomarkers by combining biological specificity provided by 1 H-MRS and high spatial resolution offered by gluCEST imaging. For this, two different genetic mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD)-the Ki140CAG model, characterized by a slow progression of the disease, and the R6/1 model, which mimics the juvenile form of HD-were used. Animals were scanned at 11.7 T using a protocol combining 1 H-MRS and gluCEST imaging. We measured a significant decrease in levels of N-acetyl-aspartate, a metabolite mainly located in the neuronal compartment, in HD animals, and the decrease seemed to be correlated with disease severity. In addition, variations of tNAA levels were correlated with striatal volumes in both models. Significant variations of glutamate levels were also observed in Ki140CAG but not in R6/1 mice. Thanks to its high resolution, gluCEST provided complementary insights, and we highlighted alterations in small brain regions such as the corpus callosum in Ki140CAG mice, whereas the glutamate level was unchanged in the whole brain of R6/1 mice. In this study, we showed that 1 H-MRS can provide key information about biological processes occurring in vivo but was limited by the spatial resolution. On the other hand, gluCEST may finely point to alterations in unexpected brain regions, but it can also be blind to disease processes when glutamate levels are preserved. This highlights in a practical context the complementarity of the two methods to study animal models of neurodegenerative diseases and to identify relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Pépin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lucie de Longprez
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Lee DH, Lee DW, Kwon JI, Woo CW, Kim ST, Kim JK, Kim KW, Woo DC. Retrospective Brain Motion Correction in Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) MRI. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:1064-1070. [PMID: 30989439 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of motion correction in glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging, using a rat model of epileptic seizure. PROCEDURES Epileptic seizure was induced in six male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (KA). CEST data were obtained using a 7.0 T Bruker MRI scanner before and 3 h after KA injection. Retrospective motion correction was performed in CEST images using a gradient-based motion correction (GradMC) algorithm. GluCEST signals in the hippocampal regions were quantitatively evaluated with and without motion correction. RESULTS Calculated GluCEST signals differed significantly between the pre-KA injection group, regardless of motion-correction implementation, and the post-KA injection group with motion correction (3.662 ± 1.393 % / 3.726 ± 1.982 % for pre-KA injection group with/without motion correction vs. 6.996 ± 1.684 % for post-KA injection group with motion correction; all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly show that GradMC can be used in CEST imaging for efficient correction of seizure-like motion. The GradMC can be further implemented in various CEST imaging techniques to increase the accuracy of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Do-Wan Lee
- Center for Bioimaging of New Drug Development, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Im Kwon
- MR Core Laboratory, Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- MR Core Laboratory, Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Tae Kim
- MR Core Laboratory, Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- MR Core Laboratory, Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Xie D, Cember A, Nanga RPR, Yang H, Kumar D, Hariharan H, Bai L, Detre JA, Reddy R, Wang Z. Accelerating GluCEST imaging using deep learning for B 0 correction. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1724-1733. [PMID: 32301185 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamate weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) MRI is a noninvasive technique for mapping parenchymal glutamate in the brain. Because of the sensitivity to field (B0 ) inhomogeneity, the total acquisition time is prolonged due to the repeated image acquisitions at several saturation offset frequencies, which can cause practical issues such as increased sensitivity to patient motions. Because GluCEST signal is derived from the small z-spectrum difference, it often has a low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). We proposed a novel deep learning (DL)-based algorithm armed with wide activation neural network blocks to address both issues. METHODS B0 correction based on reduced saturation offset acquisitions was performed for the positive and negative sides of the z-spectrum separately. For each side, a separate deep residual network was trained to learn the nonlinear mapping from few CEST-weighted images acquired at different ppm values to the one at 3 ppm (where GluCEST peaks) in the same side of the z-spectrum. RESULTS All DL-based methods outperformed the "traditional" method visually and quantitatively. The wide activation blocks-based method showed the highest performance in terms of Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), which were 0.84 and 25dB respectively. SNR increases in regions of interest were over 8dB. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the new DL-based method can reduce the entire GluCEST imaging time by ˜50% and yield higher SNR than current state-of-the-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danfeng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail Cember
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hanlu Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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40
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Zhang Y, Yong X, Liu R, Tang J, Jiang H, Fu C, Wei R, Hsu Y, Sun Y, Luo B, Wu D. Whole‐brain chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with optimized turbo spin echo readout. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1161-1172. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xingwang Yong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jibin Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Hongjie Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yi‐Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration Siemens Healthcare Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration Siemens Healthcare Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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41
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McCutcheon RA, Krystal JH, Howes OD. Dopamine and glutamate in schizophrenia: biology, symptoms and treatment. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:15-33. [PMID: 31922684 PMCID: PMC6953551 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate and dopamine systems play distinct roles in terms of neuronal signalling, yet both have been proposed to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this paper we assess research that has implicated both systems in the aetiology of this disorder. We examine evidence from post-mortem, preclinical, pharmacological and in vivo neuroimaging studies. Pharmacological and preclinical studies implicate both systems, and in vivo imaging of the dopamine system has consistently identified elevated striatal dopamine synthesis and release capacity in schizophrenia. Imaging of the glutamate system and other aspects of research on the dopamine system have produced less consistent findings, potentially due to methodological limitations and the heterogeneity of the disorder. Converging evidence indicates that genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia underlie disruption of glutamatergic and dopaminergic function. However, while genetic influences may directly underlie glutamatergic dysfunction, few genetic risk variants directly implicate the dopamine system, indicating that aberrant dopamine signalling is likely to be predominantly due to other factors. We discuss the neural circuits through which the two systems interact, and how their disruption may cause psychotic symptoms. We also discuss mechanisms through which existing treatments operate, and how recent research has highlighted opportunities for the development of novel pharmacological therapies. Finally, we consider outstanding questions for the field, including what remains unknown regarding the nature of glutamate and dopamine function in schizophrenia, and what needs to be achieved to make progress in developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McCutcheon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
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42
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Debnath A, Hariharan H, Nanga RPR, Reddy R, Singh A. Glutamate-Weighted CEST Contrast After Removal of Magnetization Transfer Effect in Human Brain and Rat Brain with Tumor. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1087-1101. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Jia Y, Chen Y, Geng K, Cheng Y, Li Y, Qiu J, Huang H, Wang R, Zhang Y, Wu R. Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pre-clinical and Clinical Applications for Encephalitis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:750. [PMID: 32848546 PMCID: PMC7399024 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encephalitis is a common central nervous system inflammatory disease that seriously endangers human health owing to the lack of effective diagnostic methods, which leads to a high rate of misdiagnosis and mortality. Glutamate is implicated closely in microglial activation, and activated microglia are key players in encephalitis. Hence, using glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging for the early diagnosis of encephalitis holds promise. METHODS The sensitivity of GluCEST imaging with different concentrations of glutamate and other major metabolites in the brain was validated in phantoms. Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with encephalitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus infection were used for preclinical research of GluCEST imaging in a 7.0-Tesla scanner. For the clinical study, six patients with encephalitis, six patients with lacunar infarction, and six healthy volunteers underwent GluCEST imaging in a 3.0-Tesla scanner. RESULTS The number of amine protons on glutamate that had a chemical shift of 3.0 ppm away from bulk water and the signal intensity of GluCEST were concentration-dependent. Under physiological conditions, glutamate is the main contributor to the GluCEST signal. Compared with normal tissue, in both rats and patients with encephalitis, the encephalitis areas demonstrated a hyper-intense GluCEST signal, while the lacunar infarction had a decreased GluCEST signal intensity. After intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, patients with encephalitis lesions showed a decrease in GluCEST signal, and the results were significantly different from the pre-treatment signal (1.34 ± 0.31 vs 5.0 ± 0.27%, respectively; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION Glutamate plays a role in encephalitis, and the GluCEST imaging signal has potential as an in vivo imaging biomarker for the early diagnosis of encephalitis. GluCEST will provide new insight into encephalitis and help improve the differential diagnosis of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jia
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanzi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kuan Geng
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Mengzi, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinming Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Huaidong Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Runrun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yunping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yunping Zhang,
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Renhua Wu,
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44
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Li R, Dai Z, Hu D, Zeng H, Fang Z, Zhuang Z, Xu H, Huang Q, Cui Y, Zhang H. Mapping the Alterations of Glutamate Using Glu-Weighted CEST MRI in a Rat Model of Fatigue. Front Neurol 2020; 11:589128. [PMID: 33250853 PMCID: PMC7673456 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.589128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glutamate dysregulation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of fatigue. Glutamate weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (Glu-weighted CEST) MRI is a recently developed technology which enables measuring glutamate in vivo with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The purpose of this study is to map the alternations of brain glutamate in a rat model of fatigue. Methods: Rats were subjected to 10 days fatigue loading procedure (fatigue group) or reared without any fatigue loading (control group). Spontaneous activities of rats in the fatigue group were recorded from 3 days before fatigue loading to 4 days after the end of fatigue loading. Glu-weighted CEST were performed following 10-day fatigue loading. Results: Rats in the fatigue group exhibited significant reduced spontaneous activities after 10-day fatigue loading. The glutamate level in the whole brain increased significantly in the fatigue group compared to that in the control group. Further analysis of glutamate in the sub-regions of brain including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum revealed a trend of increment, although statistical significance was not reached. Significance: The increase of glutamate level in the brain may be a crucial process involved in the pathophysiology of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuozhi Dai
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Di Hu
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamic Imaging, RIkagaku KENkyusho/Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Systems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Mental Health Center, Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeman Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zerui Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haiyun Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Mental Health Center, Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Handi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Handi Zhang
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45
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Shaffer JJ, Mani M, Schmitz SL, Xu J, Owusu N, Wu D, Magnotta VA, Wemmie JA. Proton Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current and Future Applications in Psychiatric Research. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:532606. [PMID: 33192650 PMCID: PMC7542226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.532606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange provides a powerful contrast mechanism for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI techniques sensitive to proton exchange provide new opportunities to map, with high spatial and temporal resolution, compounds important for brain metabolism and function. Two such techniques, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and T1 relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ), are emerging as promising tools in the study of neurological and psychiatric illnesses to study brain metabolism. This review describes proton exchange for non-experts, highlights the current status of proton-exchange MRI, and presents advantages and drawbacks of these techniques compared to more traditional methods of imaging brain metabolism, including positron emission tomography (PET) and MR spectroscopy (MRS). Finally, this review highlights new frontiers for the use of CEST and T1ρ in brain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Shaffer
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Merry Mani
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Samantha L Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nana Owusu
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Dee Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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46
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Quarmley M, Gur RC, Turetsky BI, Watters AJ, Bilker WB, Elliott MA, Calkins ME, Kohler CG, Ruparel K, Rupert P, Gur RE, Wolf DH. Reduced safety processing during aversive social conditioning in psychosis and clinical risk. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2247-2253. [PMID: 31112989 PMCID: PMC6898578 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Social impairment occurs across the psychosis spectrum, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that reduced differential responses (aversive vs. neutral) in neural circuitry underpinning aversive conditioning of social stimuli characterizes the psychosis spectrum. Participants age 10-30 included a healthy control group (HC, analyzed n = 36) and a psychosis spectrum group (PSY, n = 71), including 49 at clinical risk for psychosis and 22 with a frank psychotic disorder. 3T fMRI utilized a passive aversive conditioning paradigm, with neutral faces as conditioned stimuli (CS) and a scream as the unconditioned stimulus. fMRI conditioning was indexed as the activation difference between aversive and neutral trials. Analysis focused on amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula, regions previously implicated in aversive and social-emotional processing. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activated more to neutral than aversive CS; this "safety effect" was driven by HC and reduced in PSY, and correlated with subjective emotional ratings following conditioning. Insula showed the expected aversive conditioning effect, and although no group differences were found, its activation in PSY correlated with anxiety severity. Unexpectedly, amygdala did not show aversive conditioning; its activation trended greater for neutral than aversive CS, and did not differ significantly based on group or symptom severity. We conclude that abnormalities in social aversive conditioning are present across the psychosis spectrum including clinical risk, linked to a failure of safety processing. Aversive and safety learning provide translational paradigms yielding insight into pathophysiology of psychosis risk, and providing potential targets for therapeutic and preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Quarmley
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Bruce I. Turetsky
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Anna J. Watters
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Warren B. Bilker
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christian G. Kohler
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Petra Rupert
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Goldenberg JM, Pagel MD. Assessments of tumor metabolism with CEST MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3943. [PMID: 29938857 PMCID: PMC7377947 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a relatively new contrast mechanism for MRI. CEST MRI exploits a specific MR frequency (chemical shift) of a molecule while generating an image with good spatial resolution using standard MRI techniques, combining the specificity of MRS with the spatial resolution of MRI. Many CEST MRI acquisition methods have been developed to improve analyses of tumor metabolism. GluCEST, CrCEST, and LATEST can map glutamate, creatine, and lactate, which are important metabolites involved in tumor metabolism. GlucoCEST MRI tracks the pharmacokinetics of glucose transport and cell internalization within tumors. CatalyCEST MRI detects enzyme catalysis that changes a substrate CEST agent. AcidoCEST MRI measures extracellular pH of the tumor microenvironment by exploiting a ratio of two pH-dependent CEST signals. This review describes each technique, the technical issues involved with CEST MRI and each specific technique, and the merits and challenges associated with applying each CEST MRI technique to study tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Goldenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark D. Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Dou W, Lin CYE, Ding H, Shen Y, Dou C, Qian L, Wen B, Wu B. Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging and its main and potential applications in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1747-1766. [PMID: 31728316 PMCID: PMC6828581 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a novel contrast mechanism, relying on the exchange between mobile protons in amide (-NH), amine (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups and bulk water. Due to the targeted protons present in endogenous molecules or exogenous compounds applied externally, CEST imaging can respectively, generate endogenous or exogenous contrast. Nowadays, CEST imaging for endogenous contrast has been explored in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Amide CEST, also called amide proton transfer weighted (APT) imaging, generates CEST effect at 3.5 ppm away from the water signal and has been widely investigated. Given the sensitivity to amide proton concentration and pH level, APT imaging has shown robust performance in the assessment of ischemia, brain tumors, breast and prostate cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases. With advanced methods proposed, pure APT and Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) mediated CEST effects were separately fitted from original APT signal. Using both effects, early but promising results were obtained for glioma patients in the evaluation of tumor response to therapy and patient survival. Compared to amide CEST, amine CEST is also mobile proton concentration and pH dependent, but has a faster exchange rate between amine protons and water. The resultant CEST effect is usually introduced at 1.8-3 ppm. Glutamate and creatine, as two main metabolites with amine groups for CEST imaging, have been applied to quantitatively assess diseases in the central nervous system and muscle system, respectively. Glycosaminoglycan (Gag) as a representative metabolite with hydroxyl groups has also been measured to evaluate the cartilage of knee or intervertebral discs in CEST MRI. Due to limited frequency difference between hydroxyl protons and water, 7T for better spectral separation is preferred over 3T for GagCEST measurement. The applications of CEST MRI with exogenous contrast agents are still quite limited in clinic. While certain diamagnetic CEST agents, such as dynamic-glucose, have been tried in human for brain tumor or neck cancer assessment, most exogenous agents, i.e., paramagnetic CEST agents, are still tested in the pre-clinical stage, mainly due to potential toxicity. Engineered tissues for tissue regeneration and drug delivery have also shown a great potential in CEST imaging, as many of them, such as hydrogel and polyamide materials, contain mobile protons or can be incorporated with CEST specific chemical compounds. These engineered tissues can thus generate CEST effect in vivo, allowing a possibility to understand the fate of them in vivo longitudinally. Although the CEST MRI with engineered tissues has only been established in early stage, the obtained first evidence is crucial for further optimizing these biomaterials and finally accomplishing the translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Dou
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | | | - Hongyuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Shen
- MR Enhanced Application, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Carol Dou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bing Wu
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100076, China
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49
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Bagga P, Hariharan H, Wilson NE, Beer JC, Shinohara RT, Elliott MA, Baur JA, Marincola FM, Witschey WR, Haris M, Detre JA, Reddy R. Single-Voxel 1 H MR spectroscopy of cerebral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) in humans at 7T using a 32-channel volume coil. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:806-814. [PMID: 31502710 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reliable monitoring of tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) concentration may provide insights on its roles in normal and pathological aging. In the present study, we report a 1 H MRS pulse sequence for the in vivo, localized 1 H MRS detection of NAD+ from the human brain. METHODS Studies were carried out on a 7T Siemens MRI scanner using a 32-channel product volume coil. The pulse sequence consisted of a spectrally selective low bandwidth E-BURP-1 90° pulse. PRESS localization was achieved using optimized Shinnar-Le Roux 180° pulses and overlapping gradients were used to minimize the TE. The reproducibility of NAD+ quantification was measured in 11 healthy volunteers. The association of cerebral NAD+ with age was assessed in 16 healthy subjects 26-78 years old. RESULTS Spectra acquired from a voxel placed in subjects' occipital lobe consisted of downfield peaks from the H2 , H4 , and H6 protons of the nicotinamide moiety of NAD+ between 8.9-9.35 ppm. The mean ± SD within-session and between-session coefficients of variation were found to be 6.14 ± 2.03% and 6.09 ± 3.20%, respectively. In healthy volunteers, an age-dependent decline of the NAD+ levels in the brain was also observed (β = -1.24 μM/y, SE = 0.21, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of a newly developed 1 H MRS technique to measure localized cerebral NAD+ at 7T MRI using a commercially available RF head coil. This technique may be further applied to detect and quantify NAD+ from different regions of the brain as well as from other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Bagga
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil E Wilson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanne C Beer
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Walter R Witschey
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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50
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Toljić Ð, Platas-Iglesias C, Angelovski G. In-depth Study of a Novel Class of Ditopic Gadolinium(III)-based MRI Probes Sensitive to Zwitterionic Neurotransmitters. Front Chem 2019; 7:490. [PMID: 31396504 PMCID: PMC6668053 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of Gd-based low-molecular weight ditopic MRI probes on binding zwitterionic neurotransmitters (ZNTs) relies on their structural compatibility. ZNTs are challenging biomarkers for monitoring chemical neurotransmission due to their intrinsic complexity as target molecules. In this work, we focus on tuning the cyclen- and azacrown ether-based binding sites properties to increase the affinity toward ZNTs. Our approach consisted in performing structural modifications on the binding sites in terms of charge and size, followed by the affinity evaluation through T1-weighted relaxometric titrations. We prepared and investigated six Gd3+ complexes with different structures and thus properties, which were found to be acetylcholine insensitive; moreover, two of them displayed considerably stronger affinity toward glutamate and glycine over hydrogencarbonate and other ZNTs. Complexes with small and non-charged or no substituents on the azacrown moiety displayed the highest affinities toward ZNTs, followed by strong decrease in longitudinal relaxivity r1 of around 70%. In contrast, hosts with negatively charged substituents exhibited lower decrease in r1 of nearly 30%. The thorough investigations involving relaxometric titrations, luminescence, and NMR diffusion experiments, as well as theoretical density functional theory calculations, revealed that the affinity of reported hosts toward ZNTs is greatly affected by the remote pendant on the azacrown derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ðorđe Toljić
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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