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Brown A, Brill J, Amini R, Nurmi C, Li Y. Development of Better Aptamers: Structured Library Approaches, Selection Methods, and Chemical Modifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318665. [PMID: 38253971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) has been used to discover thousands of aptamers since its development in 1990. Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of binding to targets with high specificity and selectivity through structural recognition. While aptamers offer advantages over other molecular recognition elements such as their ease of production, smaller size, extended shelf-life, and lower immunogenicity, they have yet to show significant success in real-world applications. By analyzing the importance of structured library designs, reviewing different SELEX methodologies, and the effects of chemical modifications, we provide a comprehensive overview on the production of aptamers for applications in drug delivery systems, therapeutics, diagnostics, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4 K1, Canada
| | - Jake Brill
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4 K1, Canada
| | - Ryan Amini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4 K1, Canada
| | - Connor Nurmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4 K1, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4 K1, Canada
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2
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Lander A, Kong Y, Jin Y, Wu C, Luk LYP. Deciphering the Synthetic and Refolding Strategy of a Cysteine-Rich Domain in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNF-R) for Racemic Crystallography Analysis and d-Peptide Ligand Discovery. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:68-76. [PMID: 38404743 PMCID: PMC10885103 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Many cell-surface receptors are promising targets for chemical synthesis because of their critical roles in disease development. This synthetic approach enables investigations by racemic protein crystallography and ligand discovery by mirror-image methodologies. However, due to their complex nature, the chemical synthesis of a receptor can be a significant challenge. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis and folding of a central, cysteine-rich domain of the cell-surface receptor tumor necrosis factor 1 which is integral to binding of the cytokine TNF-α, namely, TNFR-1 CRD2. Racemic protein crystallography at 1.4 Å confirmed that the native binding conformation was preserved, and TNFR-1 CRD2 maintained its capacity to bind to TNF-α (KD ≈ 7 nM). Encouraged by this discovery, we carried out mirror-image phage display using the enantiomeric receptor mimic and identified a d-peptide ligand for TNFR-1 CRD2 (KD = 1 μM). This work demonstrated that cysteine-rich domains, including the central domains, can be chemically synthesized and used as mimics for investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Lander
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Yifu Kong
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Fujian Province 361005, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of
Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Fujian Province 361005, China
| | - Louis Y. P. Luk
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
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3
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Iba T, Helms J, Levi M, Levy JH. Thromboinflammation in acute injury: infections, heatstroke, and trauma. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:7-22. [PMID: 37541590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue microcirculation is essential for the maintenance of organ homeostasis. Following acute infections, activation of coagulation and inflammation, which are critical interconnected responses, lead to thromboinflammation and microthrombosis, thereby contributing to multiorgan dysfunction. Sepsis is the most common underlying disease and has been extensively studied. However, the COVID-19 pandemic further illustrated the pathomechanisms of diseases in which thromboinflammation plays a critical role. During thromboinflammation, injury to monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and endothelial cells, along with coagulation and complement activation, was further characterized. Thrombin is pivotal in orchestrating thrombosis and inflammation and has long been considered a potential therapeutic target in sepsis. Although thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism with heparins is part of standard management for COVID-19, it also potentially attenuates organ dysfunction due to thrombotic sequela. In contrast, the effectiveness of anticoagulation with heparin, antithrombin, or thrombomodulin to reduce mortality has not conclusively been proven in sepsis. Nonetheless, thromboinflammation has also been reported as an important pathophysiologic mechanism in other critical illnesses, including heatstroke, trauma, and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and may provide a potential therapeutic target for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Julie Helms
- Strasbourg University (UNISTRA), Strasbourg University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Unit - NHC; INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), Cardio-metabolic Programme-National Institute for Health and Care Research UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centres, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Zhang W, Jiang H, Wu G, Huang P, Wang H, An H, Liu S, Zhang W. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e418. [PMID: 38020710 PMCID: PMC10661353 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection." At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis-related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Honghong Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pengli Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huazhasng An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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5
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Schanzenbacher J, Hendrika Kähler K, Mesler E, Kleingarn M, Marcel Karsten C, Leonard Seiler D. The role of C5a receptors in autoimmunity. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152413. [PMID: 37598588 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune response and plays a vital role in host defense and inflammation. Dysregulation of the complement system, particularly involving the anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors (C5aR1 and C5aR2), has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, indicating the potential for targeted therapies. C5aR1 and C5aR2 are seven-transmembrane receptors with distinct signaling mechanisms that play both partially overlapping and opposing roles in immunity. Both receptors are expressed on a broad spectrum of immune and non-immune cells and are involved in cellular functions and physiological processes during homeostasis and inflammation. Dysregulated C5a-mediated inflammation contributes to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, antiphospholipid syndrome, and others. Therefore, targeting C5a or its receptors may yield therapeutic innovations in these autoimmune diseases by reducing the recruitment and activation of immune cells that lead to tissue inflammation and injury, thereby exacerbating the autoimmune response. Clinical trials focused on the inhibition of C5 cleavage or the C5a/C5aR1-axis using small molecules or monoclonal antibodies hold promise for bringing novel treatments for autoimmune diseases into practice. However, given the heterogeneous nature of (systemic) autoimmune diseases, there are still several challenges, such as patient selection, optimal dosing, and treatment duration, that require further investigation and development to realize the full therapeutic potential of C5a receptor inhibition, ideally in the context of a personalized medicine approach. Here, we aim to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge on the function of C5a receptors, the involvement of C5a receptors in autoimmune disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying C5a receptor-mediated autoimmunity, and the potential for targeted therapies to modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Hendrika Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Evelyn Mesler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Leonard Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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6
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McCarthy MW. Optimizing the use of vilobelimab for the treatment of COVID-19. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:877-881. [PMID: 37421632 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2235269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On 4 April 2023i4 April 2023, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization for the use of vilobelimab (GohibicTM) for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults when initiated within 48 hours of receiving invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. AREAS COVERED Vilobelimab is a human-mouse chimeric IgG4 kappa antibody that targets human complement component 5a, a part of the immune system that is thought to play an important role in the systemic inflammation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection that leads to COVID-19 disease progression. EXPERT OPINION A pragmatic, adaptive, randomized, multicenter phase II/III study evaluating vilobelimab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 found that patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and usual care who were treated with vilobelimab had a lower risk of death by day 28 and day 60 compared to those receiving placebo. This manuscript explores what is known about vilobelimab and explores how this treatment may be used in the future to treat severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
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7
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Ghosh M, Rana S. The anaphylatoxin C5a: Structure, function, signaling, physiology, disease, and therapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110081. [PMID: 36989901 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is one of the oldest known tightly regulated host defense systems evolved for efficiently functioning cell-based immune systems and antibodies. Essentially, the complement system acts as a pivot between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The complement system collectively represents a cocktail of ∼50 cell-bound/soluble glycoproteins directly involved in controlling infection and inflammation. Activation of the complement cascade generates complement fragments like C3a, C4a, and C5a as anaphylatoxins. C5a is the most potent proinflammatory anaphylatoxin, which is involved in inflammatory signaling in a myriad of tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of human C5a in the context of its structure and signaling under several pathophysiological conditions, including the current and future therapeutic applications targeting C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Soumendra Rana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
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8
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Chen Z, Luo H, Gubu A, Yu S, Zhang H, Dai H, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Ma Y, Lu A, Zhang G. Chemically modified aptamers for improving binding affinity to the target proteins via enhanced non-covalent bonding. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1091809. [PMID: 36910146 PMCID: PMC9996316 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are ssDNA or ssRNA fragments that specifically recognize targets. However, the pharmacodynamic properties of natural aptamers consisting of 4 naturally occurring nucleosides (A, G, C, T/U) are generally restricted for inferior binding affinity than the cognate antibodies. The development of high-affinity modification strategies has attracted extensive attention in aptamer applications. Chemically modified aptamers with stable three-dimensional shapes can tightly interact with the target proteins via enhanced non-covalent bonding, possibly resulting in hundreds of affinity enhancements. This review overviewed high-affinity modification strategies used in aptamers, including nucleobase modifications, fluorine modifications (2'-fluoro nucleic acid, 2'-fluoro arabino nucleic acid, 2',2'-difluoro nucleic acid), structural alteration modifications (locked nucleic acid, unlocked nucleic acid), phosphate modifications (phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates), and extended alphabets. The review emphasized how these high-affinity modifications function in effect as the interactions with target proteins, thereby refining the pharmacodynamic properties of aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hang Luo
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amu Gubu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Aptacure Therapeutics Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huarui Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Dai
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baoting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Luo Z, Chen S, Zhou J, Wang C, Li K, Liu J, Tang Y, Wang L. Application of aptamers in regenerative medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:976960. [PMID: 36105606 PMCID: PMC9465253 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.976960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a discipline that studies how to use biological and engineering principles and operation methods to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Until now, regenerative medicine has focused mainly on the in-depth study of the pathological mechanism of diseases, the further development and application of new drugs, and tissue engineering technology strategies. The emergence of aptamers has supplemented the development methods and types of new drugs and enriched the application elements of tissue engineering technology, injecting new vitality into regenerative medicine. The role and application status of aptamers screened in recent years in various tissue regeneration and repair are reviewed, and the prospects and challenges of aptamer technology are discussed, providing a basis for the design and application of aptamers in long-term transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Luo
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Li, ; Jia Liu, ; Yujin Tang,
| | - Jia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Li, ; Jia Liu, ; Yujin Tang,
| | - Yujin Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Li, ; Jia Liu, ; Yujin Tang,
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Thomas BJ, Porciani D, Burke DH. Cancer immunomodulation using bispecific aptamers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:894-915. [PMID: 35141049 PMCID: PMC8803965 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of immune destruction is a major hallmark of cancer. Recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of various immunomodulating therapies underline the important role that reprogramming the immune system can play in combating this disease. However, a wide range of side effects still limit the therapeutic potential of immunomodulators, suggesting a need for more precise reagents with negligible off-target and on-target/off-tumor effects. Aptamers are single-chained oligonucleotides that bind their targets with high specificity and affinity owing to their three-dimensional (3D) structures, and they are one potential way to address this need. In particular, bispecific aptamers (bsApts) have been shown to induce artificial immune synapses that promote T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis in various in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical models. We discuss these advances here, along with gaps in bsApt biology at both the cellular and resident tissue levels that should be addressed to accelerate their translation into the clinic. The broad application, minimal production cost, and relative lack of immunogenicity of bsApts give them some ideal qualities for manipulating the immune system. Building upon lessons from other novel therapies, bsApts could soon provide clinicians with an immunomodulating toolbox that is not only potent and efficacious but exercises a wide therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Thomas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Donald H. Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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11
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Dantsu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Advances in Therapeutic L-Nucleosides and L-Nucleic Acids with Unusual Handedness. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:46. [PMID: 35052385 PMCID: PMC8774879 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic-acid-based small molecule and oligonucleotide therapies are attractive topics due to their potential for effective target of disease-related modules and specific control of disease gene expression. As the non-naturally occurring biomolecules, modified DNA/RNA nucleoside and oligonucleotide analogues composed of L-(deoxy)riboses, have been designed and applied as innovative therapeutics with superior plasma stability, weakened cytotoxicity, and inexistent immunogenicity. Although all the chiral centers in the backbone are mirror converted from the natural D-nucleic acids, L-nucleic acids are equipped with the same nucleobases (A, G, C and U or T), which are critical to maintain the programmability and form adaptable tertiary structures for target binding. The types of L-nucleic acid drugs are increasingly varied, from chemically modified nucleoside analogues that interact with pathogenic polymerases to nanoparticles containing hundreds of repeating L-nucleotides that circulate durably in vivo. This article mainly reviews three different aspects of L-nucleic acid therapies, including pharmacological L-nucleosides, Spiegelmers as specific target-binding aptamers, and L-nanostructures as effective drug-delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Dantsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.Z.)
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, 535 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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12
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Chen K, Lin Y, Liu Y, Liao S, Yang R, Huang J, Xu M, He J. Investigation of Association of Complement 5 Genetic Polymorphisms with Sepsis and Sepsis-Induced Inflammatory Responses. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6461-6475. [PMID: 34880647 PMCID: PMC8648101 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s340446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complement 5 (C5) and C5a production play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Strong evidence demonstrates an association of C5 gene polymorphisms with various inflammatory diseases. However, no current studies have explored the clinical relevance of C5 polymorphisms in sepsis. Methods Two C5 gene polymorphisms, rs17611 and rs2269067, were identified by genotyping in 636 sepsis patients and 753 controls in a Han Chinese population. C5 gene expression was detected via quantitative real-time PCR. C5a and proinflammatory cytokine production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An Annexin V apoptosis assay was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Results Our results showed significantly lower frequencies of rs2269067 GC/CC genotypes or C allele in sepsis patients than healthy controls. The frequencies of rs17611 CC/CT genotypes or C allele were significantly overrepresented in both the septic shock and non-survivor subgroups. Patients with this sepsis-associated high-risk rs17611 C allele exhibited a significant increase in C5a, TNF-α and IL-6 production. However, no significant difference in C5a and downstream proinflammatory cytokine production was observed among patients with different rs2269067 genotypes. In addition, in vitro experiments showed an effect of recombinant C5a on enhancing LPS-stimulated IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production and cell apoptosis in THP-1 monocytes. Conclusion The rs2269067 polymorphism conferred protection against sepsis susceptibility. The rs17611 polymorphism was associated with increased C5a production, which ultimately potentiated the secretion of downstream proinflammatory cytokines and conferred susceptibility to sepsis progression and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidian Chen
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanglin Liao
- The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoxuan Yang
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Xu
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbing He
- The Intensive Care Unit, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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13
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Efficacy and Safety of Vilobelimab (IFX-1), a Novel Monoclonal Anti-C5a Antibody, in Patients With Early Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase IIa Trial (SCIENS Study). Crit Care Explor 2021; 3:e0577. [PMID: 34806021 PMCID: PMC8601347 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Anaphylatoxin C5a, a proinflammatory complement split product, plays a central role in mediating organ dysfunction.
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14
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Banco MT, Ferré-D'Amaré AR. The emerging structural complexity of G-quadruplex RNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:390-402. [PMID: 33483368 PMCID: PMC7962482 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078238.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded nucleic acid structures that arise from the stacking of G-quartets, cyclic arrangements of four guanines engaged in Hoogsteen base-pairing. Until recently, most RNA G4 structures were thought to conform to a sequence pattern in which guanines stacking within the G4 would also be contiguous in sequence (e.g., four successive guanine trinucleotide tracts separated by loop nucleotides). Such a sequence restriction, and the stereochemical constraints inherent to RNA (arising, in particular, from the presence of the 2'-OH), dictate relatively simple RNA G4 structures. Recent crystallographic and solution NMR structure determinations of a number of in vitro selected RNA aptamers have revealed RNA G4 structures of unprecedented complexity. Structures of the Sc1 aptamer that binds an RGG peptide from the Fragile-X mental retardation protein, various fluorescence turn-on aptamers (Corn, Mango, and Spinach), and the spiegelmer that binds the complement protein C5a, in particular, reveal complexity hitherto unsuspected in RNA G4s, including nucleotides in syn conformation, locally inverted strand polarity, and nucleotide quartets that are not all-G. Common to these new structures, the sequences folding into G4s do not conform to the requirement that guanine stacks arise from consecutive (contiguous in sequence) nucleotides. This review highlights how emancipation from this constraint drastically expands the structural possibilities of RNA G-quadruplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Banco
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
| | - Adrian R Ferré-D'Amaré
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
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15
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Ni S, Zhuo Z, Pan Y, Yu Y, Li F, Liu J, Wang L, Wu X, Li D, Wan Y, Zhang L, Yang Z, Zhang BT, Lu A, Zhang G. Recent Progress in Aptamer Discoveries and Modifications for Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9500-9519. [PMID: 32603135 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotide sequences with a length of about 25-80 bases which have abilities to bind to specific target molecules that rival those of monoclonal antibodies. They are attracting great attention in diverse clinical translations on account of their various advantages, including prolonged storage life, little batch-to-batch differences, very low immunogenicity, and feasibility of chemical modifications for enhancing stability, prolonging the half-life in serum, and targeted delivery. In this Review, we demonstrate the emerging aptamer discovery technologies in developing advanced techniques for producing aptamers with high performance consistently and efficiently as well as requiring less cost and resources but offering a great chance of success. Further, the diverse modifications of aptamers for therapeutic applications including therapeutic agents, aptamer-drug conjugates, and targeted delivery materials are comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijian Ni
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yufei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dijie Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Youyang Wan
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKBU and IncreasePharm Joint Centre for Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Hong Kong 999077, China
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16
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Chakraborty S, Winkelmann VE, Braumüller S, Palmer A, Schultze A, Klohs B, Ignatius A, Vater A, Fauler M, Frick M, Huber-Lang M. Role of the C5a-C5a receptor axis in the inflammatory responses of the lungs after experimental polytrauma and hemorrhagic shock. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2158. [PMID: 33495506 PMCID: PMC7835219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Singular blockade of C5a in experimental models of sepsis is known to confer protection by rescuing lethality and decreasing pro-inflammatory responses. However, the role of inhibiting C5a has not been evaluated in the context of sterile systemic inflammatory responses, like polytrauma and hemorrhagic shock (PT + HS). In our presented study, a novel and highly specific C5a L-aptamer, NoxD21, was used to block C5a activity in an experimental murine model of PT + HS. The aim of the study was to assess early modulation of inflammatory responses and lung damage 4 h after PT + HS induction. NoxD21-treated PT + HS mice displayed greater polymorphonuclear cell recruitment in the lung, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and reduced myeloperoxidase levels within the lung tissue. An in vitro model of the alveolar-capillary barrier was established to confirm these in vivo observations. Treatment with a polytrauma cocktail induced barrier damage only after 16 h, and NoxD21 treatment in vitro did not rescue this effect. Furthermore, to test the exact role of both the cognate receptors of C5a (C5aR1 and C5aR2), experimental PT + HS was induced in C5aR1 knockout (C5aR1 KO) and C5aR2 KO mice. Following 4 h of PT + HS, C5aR2 KO mice had significantly reduced IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the BALF without significant lung damage, and both, C5aR1 KO and C5aR2 KO PT + HS animals displayed reduced MPO levels within the lungs. In conclusion, the C5aR2 could be a putative driver of early local inflammatory responses in the lung after PT + HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Chakraborty
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Veronika Eva Winkelmann
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sonja Braumüller
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Schultze
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bettina Klohs
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Vater
- Aptarion Biotech AG, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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17
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Shimizu J, Fujino K, Sawai T, Tsujita Y, Tabata T, Eguchi Y. Association between plasma complement factor H concentration and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. Acute Med Surg 2021; 8:e625. [PMID: 33510899 PMCID: PMC7814988 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The complement system is important for defending against pathogens, however, excessive complement activation is associated with a poor prognosis and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Complement factor H (CFH) acts to prevent excessive complement activation and damage to the self through the regulation of the complement alternative pathway. We investigated the association between plasma CFH levels on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 90‐day mortality, severity scores, and organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis. Methods We assessed the relationship between the plasma CFH on admission to the ICU and 90‐day mortality, severity scores such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2, and organ dysfunction. Results This analysis included 62 patients. The plasma CFH levels were significantly lower in 90‐day non‐survivors than in survivors (70.0 μg/mL [interquartile range, 51.2–97.6] versus 104.8 μg/mL [interquartile range, 66.8–124.2]; P = 0.006) . The plasma CFH levels were associated with 90‐day mortality (odds ratio 0.977; 95% confidence interval, 0.957–0.994; P = 0.01). The plasma CFH levels were negatively correlated with severity scores. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores for the coagulation and neurological components were negatively correlated with the CFH concentration. Conclusion Lower plasma levels of CFH were associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with sepsis on admission to the ICU and were correlated with central nervous system dysfunction and coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Shimizu
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital Otsu Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujino
- Department of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sawai
- Department of Pediatrics Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsujita
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital Otsu Japan
| | - Takahisa Tabata
- Department of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Yutaka Eguchi
- Department of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
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18
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Li W. Prospective Application of Aptamer-based Assays and Therapeutics in Bloodstream Infections. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:831-840. [PMID: 32048971 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200212105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is still a severe health problem worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Blood bacterial culture remains the gold standard for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infections, but it is time-consuming, and both the sophisticated equipment and well-trained personnel are required. Immunoassays and genetic diagnosis are expensive and limited to specificity and sensitivity. Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) oligonucleotide or peptide sequence generated in vitro based on the binding affinity of aptamer-target by a process known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). By taking several advantages over monoclonal antibodies and other conventional small-molecule therapeutics, such as high specificity and affinity, negligible batch-to-batch variation, flexible modification and production, thermal stability, low immunogenicity and lack of toxicity, aptamers are presently becoming promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This review describes the prospective application of aptamerbased laboratory diagnostic assays and therapeutics for pathogenic bacteria and toxins in bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, 900th Hospital of Joint Service Corps, PLA, China.,Laboratory Department of Fujian Medical University, No. 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350025, China
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19
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Schirm S, Ahnert P, Berger S, Nouailles G, Wienhold SM, Müller-Redetzky H, Suttorp N, Loeffler M, Witzenrath M, Scholz M. A biomathematical model of immune response and barrier function in mice with pneumococcal lung infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243147. [PMID: 33270742 PMCID: PMC7714238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The course of the disease is often highly dynamic with unforeseen critical deterioration within hours in a relevant proportion of patients. Besides antibiotic treatment, novel adjunctive therapies are under development. Their additive value needs to be explored in preclinical and clinical studies and corresponding therapy schedules require optimization prior to introduction into clinical practice. Biomathematical modeling of the underlying disease and therapy processes might be a useful aid to support these processes. We here propose a biomathematical model of murine immune response during infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae aiming at predicting the outcome of different treatment schedules. The model consists of a number of non-linear ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics and interactions of the pulmonal pneumococcal population and relevant cells of the innate immune response, namely alveolar- and inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils. The cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 and the chemokines CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL5 are considered as major mediators of the immune response. We also model the invasion of peripheral blood monocytes, their differentiation into macrophages and bacterial penetration through the epithelial barrier causing blood stream infections. We impose therapy effects on this system by modelling antibiotic therapy and treatment with the novel C5a-inactivator NOX-D19. All equations are derived by translating known biological mechanisms into equations and assuming appropriate response kinetics. Unknown model parameters were determined by fitting the predictions of the model to time series data derived from mice experiments with close-meshed time series of state parameters. Parameter fittings resulted in a good agreement of model and data for the experimental scenarios. The model can be used to predict the performance of alternative schedules of combined antibiotic and NOX-D19 treatment. We conclude that we established a comprehensive biomathematical model of pneumococcal lung infection, immune response and barrier function in mice allowing simulations of new treatment schedules. We aim to validate the model on the basis of further experimental data. We also plan the inclusion of further novel therapy principles and the translation of the model to the human situation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Schirm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Berger
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Müller-Redetzky
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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Huber-Lang MS, Ignatius A, Köhl J, Mannes M, Braun CK. Complement in trauma-Traumatised complement? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2863-2879. [PMID: 32880897 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical trauma represents a major global burden. The trauma-induced response, including activation of the innate immune system, strives for regeneration but can also lead to post-traumatic complications. The complement cascade is rapidly activated by damaged tissue, hypoxia, exogenous proteases and others. Activated complement can sense, mark and clear both damaged tissue and pathogens. However, excessive and insufficient activation of complement can result in a dysfunctional immune and organ response. Similar to acute coagulopathy, complementopathy can develop with enhanced anaphylatoxin generation and an impairment of complement effector functions. Various remote organ effects are induced or modulated by complement activation. Frequently, established trauma treatments are double-edged. On one hand, they help stabilising haemodynamics and oxygen supply as well as injured organs and on the other hand, they also drive complement activation. Immunomodulatory approaches aim to reset trauma-induced disbalance of complement activation and thus may change surgical trauma management procedures to improve outcome. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non-canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institue of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammatory Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marco Mannes
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Karl Braun
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Yasmeen F, Seo H, Javaid N, Kim MS, Choi S. Therapeutic Interventions into Innate Immune Diseases by Means of Aptamers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100955. [PMID: 33050544 PMCID: PMC7600108 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in the body's defense system against various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as recognizes non-self- and self-molecules. The innate immune system is composed of special receptors known as pattern recognition receptors, which play a crucial role in the identification of pathogen-associated molecular patterns from diverse microorganisms. Any disequilibrium in the activation of a particular pattern recognition receptor leads to various inflammatory, autoimmune, or immunodeficiency diseases. Aptamers are short single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules, also termed "chemical antibodies," which have tremendous specificity and affinity for their target molecules. Their features, such as stability, low immunogenicity, ease of manufacturing, and facile screening against a target, make them preferable as therapeutics. Immune-system-targeting aptamers have a great potential as a targeted therapeutic strategy against immune diseases. This review summarizes components of the innate immune system, aptamer production, pharmacokinetic characteristics of aptamers, and aptamers related to innate-immune-system diseases.
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Mollnes TE, Huber-Lang M. Complement in sepsis-when science meets clinics. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2621-2632. [PMID: 32621378 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by microorganisms represents a dreadful challenge for the immune system. The role of the complement system as major column of innate immunity has been extensively studied in various sepsis models, but its translational value remains in the dark. Complement activation products, such as C3a and C5a, and their corresponding receptors provide useful diagnostic tools and promising targets to improve organ function and outcome. However, a monotherapeutic complement intervention irrespective of the current immune function seems insufficient to reverse the complex sepsis mechanisms. Indeed, sepsis-induced disturbances of cross talking complement, coagulation, and fibrinolytic cascades lead to systemic 'thromboinflammation', ultimately followed by multiple-organ failure. We propose to reliably monitor the complement function in the patient and to re-establish the immune balance by patient-tailored combined therapies, such as complement and Toll-like receptor inhibition. Our working hypothesis aims at blocking the 'explosive' innate immune recognition systems early on before downstream mediators are released and the inflammatory response becomes irreversible, a strategy that we name 'upstream approach'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, Bodø, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Spiegelmer-Based Sandwich Assay for Cardiac Troponin I Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144963. [PMID: 32674303 PMCID: PMC7404307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two subunits of the ternary troponin complex, I and C, have cardiac muscle specific isoforms, and hence could be applied as highly-selective markers of acute coronary syndrome. We aimed at paving the way for the development of a robust cardiac troponin I-detecting sandwich assay by replacing antibodies with nuclease resistant aptamer analogues, so-called spiegelmers. To complement the previously generated spiegelmers that were specific for the N-terminus of cTnI, spiegelmers were selected for an amino acid stretch in the proximity of the C-terminal part of the protein by using a D-amino acid composed peptide. Following the selection, the oligonucleotides were screened by filter binding assay, and surface plasmon resonance analysis of the most auspicious candidates demonstrated that this approach could provide spiegelmers with subnanomolar dissociation constant. To demonstrate if the selected spiegelmers are functional and suitable for cTnI detection in a sandwich type arrangement, AlphaLisa technology was leveraged and the obtained results demonstrated that spiegelmers with different epitope selectivity are suitable for specific detection of cTnI protein even in human plasma containing samples. These results suggest that spiegelmers could be considered in the development of the next generation cTnI monitoring assays.
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Neutralizing Complement C5a Protects Mice with Pneumococcal Pulmonary Sepsis. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:795-807. [PMID: 32101978 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia and associated sepsis cause high mortality despite antibiotic treatment. Uncontrolled inflammatory host responses contribute to the unfavorable outcome by driving lung and extrapulmonary organ failure. The complement fragment C5a holds significant proinflammatory functions and is associated with tissue damage in various inflammatory conditions. The authors hypothesized that C5a concentrations are increased in pneumonia and C5a neutralization promotes barrier stabilization in the lung and is protective in pneumococcal pulmonary sepsis. METHODS The authors investigated regulation of C5a in pneumonia in a prospective patient cohort and in experimental pneumonia. Two complementary models of murine pneumococcal pneumonia were applied. Female mice were treated with NOX-D19, a C5a-neutralizing L-RNA-aptamer. Lung, liver, and kidney injury and the inflammatory response were assessed by measuring pulmonary permeability (primary outcome), pulmonary and blood leukocytes, cytokine concentrations in lung and blood, and bacterial load in lung, spleen, and blood, and performing histologic analyses of tissue damage, apoptosis, and fibrin deposition (n = 5 to 13). RESULTS In hospitalized patients with pneumonia (n = 395), higher serum C5a concentrations were observed compared to healthy subjects (n = 24; 6.3 nmol/l [3.9 to 10.0] vs. 4.5 nmol/l [3.8 to 6.6], median [25 to 75% interquartile range]; difference: 1.4 [95% CI, 0.1 to 2.9]; P = 0.029). Neutralization of C5a in mice resulted in lower pulmonary permeability in pneumococcal pneumonia (1.38 ± 0.89 vs. 3.29 ± 2.34, mean ± SD; difference: 1.90 [95% CI, 0.15 to 3.66]; P = 0.035; n = 10 or 11) or combined severe pneumonia and mechanical ventilation (2.56 ± 1.17 vs. 7.31 ± 5.22; difference: 4.76 [95% CI, 1.22 to 8.30]; P = 0.011; n = 9 or 10). Further, C5a neutralization led to lower blood granulocyte colony-stimulating factor concentrations and protected against sepsis-associated liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Systemic C5a is elevated in pneumonia patients. Neutralizing C5a protected against lung and liver injury in pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. Early neutralization of C5a might be a promising adjunctive treatment strategy to improve outcome in community-acquired pneumonia.
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Rehman A, Baloch NUA, Morrow JP, Pacher P, Haskó G. Targeting of G-protein coupled receptors in sepsis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107529. [PMID: 32197794 PMCID: PMC7388546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Third International Consensus Definitions (Sepsis-3) define sepsis as life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can progress to septic shock-an even more lethal condition associated with profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities. Septic shock remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units and carries a mortality of almost 25%. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of sepsis, therapeutic interventions have not translated into tangible differences in the overall outcome for patients. Clinical trials of antagonists of various pro-inflammatory mediators in sepsis have been largely unsuccessful in the past. Given the diverse physiologic roles played by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), modulation of GPCR signaling for the treatment of sepsis has also been explored. Traditional pharmacologic approaches have mainly focused on ligands targeting the extracellular domains of GPCR. However, novel techniques aimed at modulating GPCR intracellularly through aptamers, pepducins and intrabodies have opened a fresh avenue of therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by various subfamilies of GPCR in the pathogenesis of sepsis and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy through these novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Noor Ul-Ain Baloch
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.
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Ho DR, Chang PJ, Lin WY, Huang YC, Lin JH, Huang KT, Chan WN, Chen CS. Beneficial Effects of Inflammatory Cytokine-Targeting Aptamers in an Animal Model of Chronic Prostatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113953. [PMID: 32486412 PMCID: PMC7312664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-bacterial prostatitis is an inflammatory disease that is difficult to treat. Oligonucleotide aptamers are well known for their stability and flexibility in conjugating various inflammatory molecules. In this study, we investigated the effects of inflammatory cytokine-targeting aptamers (ICTA), putative neutralizers of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta activation, on local carrageenan-induced prostate inflammation, allodynia, and hyperalgesia in rats. In vitro evaluation confirmed the binding capability of ICTA. Intraprostatic injection of carrageenan or control vehicle was performed in six-week-old rats, and ICTA (150 µg) or vehicle was administered in the prostate along with carrageenan injection. The von Frey filament test was performed to determine mechanical allodynia, and prostate inflammation was examined seven days after drug administration. Local carrageenan administration resulted in a reduction of the tactile threshold. The levels of mononuclear cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (b), caspase-1 (casp-1), and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing proteins 1 and 3 (NALP1 and NALP3) in the prostate of rats were increased seven days after carrageenan injection. Treatment with ICTA significantly attenuated the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and reduced the elevated levels of proteins including TNF-a and IL-1b in the rats. Apoptosis markers, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3, were elevated in ICTA-treated Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) rats. These results suggest that ICTA provides protection against local carrageenan-induced enhanced pain sensitivity, and that the neutralization of proinflammatory cytokines may result in inflammatory cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ru Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan; (D.-R.H.); (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (W.-N.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan; (D.-R.H.); (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (W.-N.C.)
| | - Yun-Ching Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan; (D.-R.H.); (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (W.-N.C.)
| | - Jian-Hui Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan; (D.-R.H.); (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (W.-N.C.)
| | - Kuo-Tsai Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan; (D.-R.H.); (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (W.-N.C.)
| | - Wai-Nga Chan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan; (D.-R.H.); (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (W.-N.C.)
| | - Chih-Shou Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan; (D.-R.H.); (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (W.-N.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-353211
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Citro A, Pellegrini S, Dugnani E, Eulberg D, Klussmann S, Piemonti L. CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL12/SDF-1 blockade by L-aptamers improve pancreatic islet engraftment and survival in mouse. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:3131-3138. [PMID: 31267721 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The blockade of pro-inflammatory mediators is a successful approach to improve the engraftment after islet transplantation. L-aptamers are chemically synthesized, nonimmunogenic bio-stable oligonucleotides that bind and inhibit target molecules conceptually similar to antibodies. We aimed to evaluate if blockade-aptamer-based inhibitors of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12/SDF-1) are able to favor islet survival in mouse models for islet transplantation and for type 1 diabetes. We evaluated the efficacy of the CCL2-specific mNOX-E36 and the CXCL12-specific NOX-A12 on islet survival in a syngeneic mouse model of intraportal islet transplantation and in a multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) diabetes induction model. Moreover, we characterized intrahepatic infiltrated leukocytes by flow cytometry before and 3 days after islet infusion in presence or absence of these inhibitors. The administration for 14 days of mNOX-E36 and NOX-A12 significantly improved islet engraftment, either compound alone or in combination. Intrahepatic islet transplantation recruited CD45+ leucocytes and more specifically CD45+/CD11b+ mono/macrophages; mNOX-E36 and NOX-A12 treatments significantly decreased the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, CD11b+ /Ly6Chigh /CCR2+ and CD11b+ /Ly6Chigh /CXCR4+ cells, respectively. Additionally, both L-aptamers significantly attenuated diabetes progression in the MLD-STZ model. In conclusion, CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL12/SDF-1 blockade by L-aptamers is an efficient strategy to improve islet engraftment and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Dugnani
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sven Klussmann
- NOXXON Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.,Aptarion Biotech AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Ajona D, Zandueta C, Corrales L, Moreno H, Pajares MJ, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Martínez-Terroba E, Perurena N, de Miguel FJ, Jantus-Lewintre E, Camps C, Vicent S, Agorreta J, Montuenga LM, Pio R, Lecanda F. Blockade of the Complement C5a/C5aR1 Axis Impairs Lung Cancer Bone Metastasis by CXCL16-mediated Effects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:1164-1176. [PMID: 29327939 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0660oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE C5aR1 (CD88), a receptor for complement anaphylatoxin C5a, is a potent immune mediator. Its impact on malignant growth and dissemination of non-small cell lung cancer cells is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution of the C5a/C5aR1 axis to the malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer cells, particularly in skeletal colonization, a preferential lung metastasis site. METHODS Association between C5aR1 expression and clinical outcome was assessed in silico and validated by immunohistochemistry. Functional significance was evaluated by lentiviral gene silencing and ligand l-aptamer inhibition in in vivo models of lung cancer bone metastasis. In vitro functional assays for signaling, migration, invasion, metalloprotease activity, and osteoclastogenesis were also performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS High levels of C5aR1 in human lung tumors were significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival, overall survival, and bone metastasis. Silencing of C5aR1 in lung cancer cells led to a substantial reduction in skeletal metastatic burden and osteolysis in in vivo models. Furthermore, metalloproteolytic, migratory, and invasive tumor cell activities were modulated in vitro by C5aR1 stimulation or gene silencing. l-Aptamer blockade or C5aR1 silencing significantly reduced the osseous metastatic activity of lung cancer cells in vivo. This effect was associated with decreased osteoclastogenic activity in vitro and was rescued by the exogenous addition of the chemokine CXCL16. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of C5aR1 signaling in lung cancer cells abrogates their tumor-associated osteoclastogenic activity, impairing osseous colonization. This study unveils the role played by the C5a/C5aR1 axis in lung cancer dissemination and supports its potential use as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Carolina Zandueta
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain
| | - Leticia Corrales
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Haritz Moreno
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Pajares
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Elena Martínez-Terroba
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naiara Perurena
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando J de Miguel
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- 3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,7 Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- 3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,8 Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and.,9 Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Yan J, Xiong H, Cai S, Wen N, He Q, Liu Y, Peng D, Liu Z. Advances in aptamer screening technologies. Talanta 2019; 200:124-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Karasu E, Nilsson B, Köhl J, Lambris JD, Huber-Lang M. Targeting Complement Pathways in Polytrauma- and Sepsis-Induced Multiple-Organ Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:543. [PMID: 30949180 PMCID: PMC6437067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic or infectious insults results in a rapid activation of the complement cascade as major fluid defense system of innate immunity. The complement system acts as a master alarm system during the molecular danger response after trauma and significantly contributes to the clearance of DAMPs and PAMPs. However, depending on the origin and extent of the damaged macro- and micro -milieu, the complement system can also be either excessively activated or inhibited. In both cases, this can lead to a maladaptive immune response and subsequent multiple cellular and organ dysfunction. The arsenal of complement-specific drugs offers promising strategies for various critical conditions after trauma, hemorrhagic shock, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. The imbalanced immune response needs to be detected in a rational and real-time manner before the translational therapeutic potential of these drugs can be fully utilized. Overall, the temporal-spatial complement response after tissue trauma and during sepsis remains somewhat enigmatic and demands a clinical triad: reliable tissue damage assessment, complement activation monitoring, and potent complement targeting to highly specific rebalance the fluid phase innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Karasu
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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31
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Wood AJT, Vassallo A, Summers C, Chilvers ER, Conway-Morris A. C5a anaphylatoxin and its role in critical illness-induced organ dysfunction. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e13028. [PMID: 30229880 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Critical illness is an aetiologically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome that is characterised by organ failure and immune dysfunction. Mortality in critically ill patients is driven by inflammation-associated organ damage and a profound vulnerability to nosocomial infection. Both factors are influenced by the activated complement protein C5a, released by unbridled activation of the complement system during critical illness. C5a exerts deleterious effects on organ systems directly and suppresses antimicrobial functions of key immune cells. Whilst several recent reports have added key knowledge of the cellular signalling pathways triggered by C5a, there remain a number of areas that are incompletely understood and therapeutic opportunities are still being evaluated. In this review, we summarise the cellular basis for C5a-induced vulnerability to nosocomial infection and organ dysfunction. We focus on cells of the innate immune system, highlighting the major areas in need of further research and potential avenues for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Conway-Morris
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Signaling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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32
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Wang T, Chen C, Larcher LM, Barrero RA, Veedu RN. Three decades of nucleic acid aptamer technologies: Lessons learned, progress and opportunities on aptamer development. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:28-50. [PMID: 30408510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded nucleic acid sequences capable of binding to target molecules in a way similar to antibodies. Due to various advantages such as prolonged shelf life, low batch to batch variation, low/no immunogenicity, freedom to incorporate chemical modification for enhanced stability and targeting capacity, aptamers quickly found their potential in diverse applications ranging from therapy, drug delivery, diagnosis, and functional genomics to bio-sensing. Aptamers are generated by a process called SELEX. However, the current overall success rate of SELEX is far from being satisfactory, and still presents a major obstacle for aptamer-based research and application. The need for an efficient selection strategy consisting of defined procedures to deal with a wide variety of targets is significantly important. In this work, by analyzing key aspects of SELEX including initial library design, target preparation, PCR optimization, and single strand DNA separation, we provide a comprehensive analysis of individual steps to facilitate researchers intending to develop personalized protocols to address many of the obstacles in SELEX. In addition, this review provides suggestions and opinions for future aptamer development procedures to address the concerns on key SELEX steps, and post-SELEX modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia; School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University & Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Changying Chen
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University & Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Leon M Larcher
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Roberto A Barrero
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia.
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Li Z, Wang X, Chen M, Li Q, Qu H, Shao T, Sun R, Zhang Y, Xia Z. Use of capillary electrophoresis to select a DNA aptamer that recognizes swine anaphylatoxin C5a. Anal Biochem 2018; 564-565:47-53. [PMID: 30336124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complement factor 5a is a potent proinflammatory mediator that contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. Protein-based C5a inhibitors have proven to be clinically valuable. Aptamers, which are oligonucleic acid chains or polypeptides, can bind to target molecules and hence have the potential to be used for detection and blockade of targets. Here, we describe the discovery that the single-stranded DNA aptamer S1 can bind specifically to swine C5a, which can then be quickly selected for with capillary electrophoresis for high-throughput sequencing. Aptamer S1 bound specifically to swine C5a with a dissociation constant of 4 μM as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Moreover, aptamer S1 inhibited C5a-induced chemotaxis of neutrophils in vitro. Our study suggests that the S1 aptamer has great potential to be a key structure in the development of effective therapeutic agents against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Qianxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Ting Shao
- The People's Hospital of Changchun,China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University,China.
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China.
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Dobó J, Kocsis A, Gál P. Be on Target: Strategies of Targeting Alternative and Lectin Pathway Components in Complement-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1851. [PMID: 30135690 PMCID: PMC6092519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has moved into the focus of drug development efforts in the last decade, since its inappropriate or uncontrolled activation has been recognized in many diseases. Some of them are primarily complement-mediated rare diseases, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, C3 glomerulonephritis, and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Complement also plays a role in various multifactorial diseases that affect millions of people worldwide, such as ischemia reperfusion injury (myocardial infarction, stroke), age-related macular degeneration, and several neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the potential advantages of targeting various complement proteins with special emphasis on the components of the lectin (LP) and the alternative pathways (AP). The serine proteases (MASP-1/2/3, factor D, factor B), which are responsible for the activation of the cascade, are straightforward targets of inhibition, but the pattern recognition molecules (mannose-binding lectin, other collectins, and ficolins), the regulatory components (factor H, factor I, properdin), and C3 are also subjects of drug development. Recent discoveries about cross-talks between the LP and AP offer new approaches for clinical intervention. Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs) are not just responsible for LP activation, but they are also indispensable for efficient AP activation. Activated MASP-3 has recently been shown to be the enzyme that continuously supplies factor D (FD) for the AP by cleaving pro-factor D (pro-FD). In this aspect, MASP-3 emerges as a novel feasible target for the regulation of AP activity. MASP-1 was shown to be required for AP activity on various surfaces, first of all on LPS of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kocsis
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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35
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Bujko K, Rzeszotek S, Hoehlig K, Yan J, Vater A, Ratajczak MZ. Signaling of the Complement Cleavage Product Anaphylatoxin C5a Through C5aR (CD88) Contributes to Pharmacological Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:793-800. [PMID: 28918528 PMCID: PMC5730632 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms have been postulated for orchestrating the mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and we previously proposed that activation of the complement cascade plays a crucial role in the initiation and execution of the egress of HSPCs from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB). In support of this notion, we demonstrated that mice deficient in the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway, which activates the proximal part of the complement cascade, as well as mice deficient in the fifth component of the complement cascade (C5), which is part of the distal part of the complement cascade, are poor mobilizers. To further narrow down on the exact mechanisms and the molecules involved, we performed studies in mice that do not express the receptor C5aR, which binds the C5 cleavage fragments, C5a and C5adesArg. We also employed the plasma stable nucleic acid aptamer AON-D21 that binds and neutralizes C5a and C5adesArg. We present evidence that mice deficient in C5aR or treated with AON-D21 are poor HSPC mobilizers, thereby establishing a critical role for the C5a/C5adesArg-C5aR axis in the mobilization process. While enhancing mobilization is of clinical importance for poor mobilizers, inhibition of the complement cascade could be of therapeutic importance in patients suffering from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) or acquired hemolytic syndrome (aHUS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bujko
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | - Jun Yan
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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Halbgebauer R, Schmidt CQ, Karsten CM, Ignatius A, Huber-Lang M. Janus face of complement-driven neutrophil activation during sepsis. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:12-20. [PMID: 29454576 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During local and systemic inflammation, the complement system and neutrophil granulocytes are activated not only by pathogens, but also by released endogenous danger signals. It is recognized increasingly that complement-mediated neutrophil activation plays an ambivalent role in sepsis pathophysiology. According to the current definition, the onset of organ dysfunction is a hallmark of sepsis. The preceding organ damage can be caused by excessive complement activation and neutrophil actions against the host, resulting in bystander injury of healthy tissue. However, in contrast, persistent and overwhelming inflammation also leads to a reduction in neutrophil responsiveness as well as complement components and thus may render patients at enhanced risk of spreading infection. This review provides an overview on the molecular and cellular processes that link complement with the two-faced functional alterations of neutrophils in sepsis. Finally, we describe novel tools to modulate this interplay beneficially in order to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - C Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - C M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - A Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - M Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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37
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Chen C, Yang Z, Tang X. Chemical modifications of nucleic acid drugs and their delivery systems for gene-based therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:829-869. [PMID: 29315675 DOI: 10.1002/med.21479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene-based therapy is one of essential therapeutic strategies for precision medicine through targeting specific genes in specific cells of target tissues. However, there still exist many problems that need to be solved, such as safety, stability, selectivity, delivery, as well as immunity. Currently, the key challenges of gene-based therapy for clinical potential applications are the safe and effective nucleic acid drugs as well as their safe and efficient gene delivery systems. In this review, we first focus on current nucleic acid drugs and their formulation in clinical trials and on the market, including antisense oligonucleotide, siRNA, aptamer, and plasmid nucleic acid drugs. Subsequently, we summarize different chemical modifications of nucleic acid drugs as well as their delivery systems for gene-based therapeutics in vivo based on nucleic acid chemistry and nanotechnology methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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38
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Roselli F, Karasu E, Volpe C, Huber-Lang M. Medusa's Head: The Complement System in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:226-240. [PMID: 28816089 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are critical medical conditions and a public health problem for which limited therapeutic options are available. The complement cascade is activated after TBI and SCI, and the resulting effects have been investigated in gene-knockout and pharmacological models. Multiple experimental studies support a net detrimental role of C3 and C5 activation in the early stages of TBI and SCI. Less firm experimental evidence suggests that, downstream of C3/C5, effector mechanisms, including the generation of membrane-activated complex and direct damage to membranes and neutrophils infiltration, may bring about the direct damage of central nervous system tissue and enhancement of neuroinflammation. The role of upstream classical, alternative, or extrinsic complement activation cascades remains unclear. Although several issues remain to be investigated, current evidence supports the investigation of a number of complement-targeting agents targeting C3 or C5, such as eculizumab, for repurposing in TBI and SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Roselli
- 1 Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | - Ebru Karasu
- 3 Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Volpe
- 1 Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- 3 Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
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39
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Evaluation of gut-blood barrier dysfunction in various models of trauma, hemorrhagic shock, and burn injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 83:944-953. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Javadi A, Mehr HS, Soucek MD. (Meth)acrylated poly(ethylene glycol)s as precursors for rheology modifiers, superplasticizers and electrolyte membranes: a review. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Javadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron OH USA
| | | | - Mark D Soucek
- Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron OH USA
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41
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Abstract
The immune system plays important role in protecting the organism by recognizing non-self molecules from pathogen such as bacteria, parasitic worms, and viruses. When the balance of the host defense system is disturbed, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and inflammation occur. Nucleic acid aptamers are short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA ligands that interact with complementary molecules with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers that target the molecules involved in immune system to modulate their function have great potential to be explored as new diagnostic and therapeutic agents for immune disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of aptamers targeting immune system. The selection of aptamers with superior chemical and biological characteristics will facilitate their application in the diagnosis and treatment of immune disorders.
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42
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Hyzewicz J, Tanihata J, Kuraoka M, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Beylier T, Ruegg UT, Vater A, Takeda S. Low-Intensity Training and the C5a Complement Antagonist NOX-D21 Rescue the mdx Phenotype through Modulation of Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1147-1161. [PMID: 28315675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory events occurring in dystrophic muscles contribute to the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Low-intensity training (LIT) attenuates the phenotype of mdx mice, an animal model for DMD. Therefore, we postulated that LIT could have anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed levels of inflammatory cytokines and infiltrated immune cells in gastrocnemius muscle of mdx mice after LIT. We detected high levels of complement component C5a, chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, CD68+ monocytes/macrophages, and proinflammatory M1 macrophages in muscles of mdx mice. LIT decreased CCL2 levels, increased CD68+ cell numbers, and shifted the macrophage population to the regenerative M2 type. We investigated whether inhibition of C5a or CCL2 with L-aptamers could mimic the effects of LIT. Although no effect of CCL2 inhibition was detected, treatment with the C5a inhibitor, NOX-D21, rescued the phenotype of nonexercised mdx mice, but not of exercised ones. In both cases, the level of CD68+ cells increased and macrophage populations leaned toward the inflammatory M1 type. In muscles of nonexercised treated mice, the level of IL-1 receptor antagonist increased, damage decreased, and fibers were switched toward the glycolytic fast type; in muscles of exercised mice, fibers were switched to the oxidative slow type. These results reveal the effects of LIT on the inflammatory status of mdx mice and suggest that NOX-D21 could be an anti-inflammatory drug for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Hyzewicz
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Kuraoka
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teiva Beylier
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Urs T Ruegg
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Vater
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, NOXXON Pharma, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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43
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Moreno H, Lozano T, Pajares MJ, Agorreta J, Bértolo C, Lasarte JJ, Vicent S, Hoehlig K, Vater A, Lecanda F, Montuenga LM, Pio R. A Combined PD-1/C5a Blockade Synergistically Protects against Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:694-703. [PMID: 28288993 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. We hypothesized that combined inhibition of C5a/C5aR1 and PD-1 signaling may have a synergistic antitumor effect. The RMP1-14 antibody was used to block PD-1, and an L-aptamer was used to inhibit signaling of complement C5a with its receptors. Using syngeneic models of lung cancer, we demonstrate that the combination of C5a and PD-1 blockade markedly reduces tumor growth and metastasis and leads to prolonged survival. This effect is accompanied by a negative association between the frequency of CD8 T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells within tumors, which may result in a more complete reversal of CD8 T-cell exhaustion. Our study provides support for the clinical evaluation of anti-PD-1 and anti-C5a drugs as a novel combination therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.Significance: Using a variety of preclinical models of lung cancer, we demonstrate that the blockade of C5a results in a substantial improvement in the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies against lung cancer growth and metastasis. This study provides the preclinical rationale for the combined blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and C5a to restore antitumor immune responses, inhibit tumor cell growth, and improve outcomes of patients with lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 694-703. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Haritz Moreno
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, CIMA, Program in Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Pajares
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Pathology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Pathology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bértolo
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan J Lasarte
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, CIMA, Program in Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Pathology, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Pathology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Pathology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain. .,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
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Zhang L, Qiu W, Crooke S, Li Y, Abid A, Xu B, Finn M, Lin F. Development of Autologous C5 Vaccine Nanoparticles to Reduce Intravascular Hemolysis in Vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:539-547. [PMID: 28045484 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is emerging as a new target for treating many diseases. For example, Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against complement component 5 (C5), has been approved for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in which patient erythrocytes are lysed by complement. In this study, we developed vaccines to elicit autologous anti-C5 antibody production in mice for complement inhibition. Immunization of mice with a conservative C5 xenoprotein raised high titers of IgG's against the xenogenous C5, but these antibodies did not reduce C5 activity in the blood. In contrast, an autologous mouse C5 vaccine containing multiple predicted epitopes together with a tolerance-breaking peptide was found to induce anti-C5 autoantibody production in vivo, resulting in decreased hemolytic activity in the blood. We further validated a peptide epitope within this C5 vaccine and created recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying this epitope fused with the tolerance breaking peptide. Immunizing mice with these novel nanoparticles elicited strong humoral responses against recombinant mouse C5, reduced hemolytic activity, and protected the mice from complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis in a model of PNH. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that autologous C5-based vaccines could be an effective alternative or supplement for treating complement-mediated diseases such as PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephen Crooke
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Areeba Abid
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - M.G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Bettac L, Denk S, Seufferlein T, Huber-Lang M. Complement in Pancreatic Disease-Perpetrator or Savior? Front Immunol 2017; 8:15. [PMID: 28144242 PMCID: PMC5239781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a major pillar of the humoral innate immune system. As a first line of defense against pathogens, it mediates early inflammatory response and links different branches of humoral and cellular immunity. Disorders affecting the exocrine pancreas, such as acute pancreatitis, potentially lead to a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response with aberrant activation of complement and coagulation cascades. Pancreatic proteases can activate key effectors of the complement system, which in turn drive local and systemic inflammation. Beyond that, the extent of pancreas–complement interaction covers complex pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which to this day remain to be fully elucidated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of complement in diseases of the exocrine pancreas, based on existing experimental and clinical data. Participation of complement in acute and chronic pancreatitis is addressed, as well as its role in tumor immunology. Therapeutic strategies targeting complement in these diseases have long been proposed but have not yet arrived in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bettac
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Stephanie Denk
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
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Aptamers: A Feasible Technology in Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:1083738. [PMID: 27413756 PMCID: PMC4931050 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1083738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-chained RNA or DNA oligonucleotides (ODNs) with three-dimensional folding structures which allow them to bind to their targets with high specificity. Aptamers normally show affinities comparable to or higher than that of antibodies. They are chemically synthesized and therefore less expensive to manufacture and produce. A variety of aptamers described to date have been shown to be reliable in modulating immune responses against cancer by either blocking or activating immune receptors. Some of them have been conjugated to other molecules to target the immune system and reduce off-target side effects. Despite the success of first-line treatments against cancer, the elevated number of relapsing cases and the tremendous side effects shown by the commonly used agents hinder conventional treatments against cancer. The advantages provided by aptamers could enhance the therapeutic index of a given strategy and therefore enhance the antitumor effect. Here we recapitulate the provided benefits of aptamers with immunomodulatory activity described to date in cancer therapy and the benefits that aptamer-based immunotherapy could provide either alone or combined with first-line treatments in cancer therapy.
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Ricklin D, Lambris JD. New milestones ahead in complement-targeted therapy. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:208-22. [PMID: 27321574 PMCID: PMC5404743 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a powerful effector arm of innate immunity that typically confers protection from microbial intruders and accumulating debris. In many clinical situations, however, the defensive functions of complement can turn against host cells and induce or exacerbate immune, inflammatory, and degenerative conditions. Although the value of inhibiting complement in a therapeutic context has long been recognized, bringing complement-targeted drugs into clinical use has proved challenging. This important milestone was finally reached a decade ago, yet the clinical availability of complement inhibitors has remained limited. Still, the positive long-term experience with complement drugs and their proven effectiveness in various diseases has reinvigorated interest and confidence in this approach. Indeed, a broad variety of clinical candidates that act at almost any level of the complement activation cascade are currently in clinical development, with several of them being evaluated in phase 2 and phase 3 trials. With antibody-related drugs dominating the panel of clinical candidates, the emergence of novel small-molecule, peptide, protein, and oligonucleotide-based inhibitors offers new options for drug targeting and administration. Whereas all the currently approved and many of the proposed indications for complement-targeted inhibitors belong to the rare disease spectrum, these drugs are increasingly being evaluated for more prevalent conditions. Fortunately, the growing experience from preclinical and clinical use of therapeutic complement inhibitors has enabled a more evidence-based assessment of suitable targets and rewarding indications as well as related technical and safety considerations. This review highlights recent concepts and developments in complement-targeted drug discovery, provides an overview of current and emerging treatment options, and discusses the new milestones ahead on the way to the next generation of clinically available complement therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Huber-Lang M, Gebhard F, Schmidt CQ, Palmer A, Denk S, Wiegner R. Complement therapeutic strategies in trauma, hemorrhagic shock and systemic inflammation – closing Pandora’s box? Semin Immunol 2016; 28:278-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bjerregaard N, Andreasen PA, Dupont DM. Expected and unexpected features of protein-binding RNA aptamers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:744-757. [PMID: 27173731 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA molecules with high affinity to specific proteins can be isolated from libraries of up to 1016 different RNA sequences by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). These so-called protein-binding RNA aptamers are often interesting, e.g., as modulators of protein function for therapeutic use, for probing the conformations of proteins, for studies of basic aspects of nucleic acid-protein interactions, etc. Studies on the interactions between RNA aptamers and proteins display a number of expected and unexpected features, including the chemical nature of the interacting RNA-protein surfaces, the conformation of protein-bound aptamer versus free aptamer, the conformation of aptamer-bound protein versus free protein, and the effects of aptamers on protein function. Here, we review current insights into the details of RNA aptamer-protein interactions. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:744-757. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1360 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bjerregaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter A Andreasen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel M Dupont
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Abstract
The unique properties of nucleic acid aptamers and their suitability to therapeutic applications have attracted the attention of researchers for more than 2 decades. Aptamers exhibit significant advantages relative to antibody-based therapeutics and can serve dual roles as either the therapeutic agent itself or a targeting modality. Despite this intense research interest, aptamers have been slow to reach the clinic, partly due to practical limitations that can be overcome by rational chemical modifications and ingenious aptamer selection approaches. This review highlights the latest efforts to use aptamers in therapeutic applications, the key properties of aptamers that can be exploited, the aptamers that are currently in clinical trials, as well as speculation on the future of aptamers in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M C Mattice
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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