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Behrens J, Braren I, Jaeckstein MY, Lilie L, Heine M, Sass F, Sommer J, Silbert-Wagner D, Fuh MM, Worthmann A, Straub L, Moustafa T, Heeren J, Scheja L. An efficient AAV vector system of Rec2 serotype for intravenous injection to study metabolism in brown adipocytes in vivo. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101999. [PMID: 39094948 PMCID: PMC11362766 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are powerful tools for the sustained expression of proteins in vivo and have been successfully used for mechanistic studies in mice. A major challenge associated with this method is to obtain tissue specificity and high expression levels without need of local virus administration. METHODS To achieve this goal for brown adipose tissue (BAT), we developed a rAAV vector for intravenous bolus injection, which includes an expression cassette comprising an uncoupling protein-1 enhancer-promoter for transcription in brown adipocytes and miR122 target sequences for suppression of expression in the liver, combined with packaging in serotype Rec2 capsid protein. To test tissue specificity, we used a version of this vector expressing Cre recombinase to transduce mice with floxed alleles to knock out MLXIPL (ChREBP) or tdTomato-Cre reporter mice. RESULTS We demonstrated efficient Cre-dependent recombination in interscapular BAT and variable effects in minor BAT depots, but little or no efficacy in white adipose tissues, liver and other organs. Direct overexpression of glucose transporter SLC2A1 (GLUT1) using the rAAV vector in wild type mice resulted in increased glucose uptake and glucose-dependent gene expression in BAT, indicating usefulness of this vector to increase the function even of abundant proteins. CONCLUSION Taken together, we describe a novel brown adipocyte-specific rAAV method to express proteins for loss-of-function and gain-of-function metabolic studies. The approach will enable researchers to access brown fat swiftly, reduce animal breeding time and costs, as well as enable the creation of new transgenic mouse models combining multiple transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luka Lilie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Finnja Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Sommer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Silbert-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Marceline M Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Straub
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tarek Moustafa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Yuan Y, Hu R, Park J, Xiong S, Wang Z, Qian Y, Shi Z, Wu R, Han Z, Ong SG, Lin S, Varady KA, Xu P, Berry DC, Shu G, Jiang Y. Macrophage-derived chemokine CCL22 establishes local LN-mediated adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn5229. [PMID: 38924414 PMCID: PMC11204298 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
There is a regional preference around lymph nodes (LNs) for adipose beiging. Here, we show that local LN removal within inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) greatly impairs cold-induced beiging, and this impairment can be restored by injecting M2 macrophages or macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine (CCL22) into iWAT. CCL22 injection into iWAT effectively promotes iWAT beiging, while blocking CCL22 with antibodies can prevent it. Mechanistically, the CCL22 receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), within eosinophils and its downstream focal adhesion kinase/p65/interleukin-4 signaling are essential for CCL22-mediated beige adipocyte formation. Moreover, CCL22 levels are inversely correlated with body weight and fat mass in mice and humans. Acute elevation of CCL22 levels effectively prevents diet-induced body weight and fat gain by enhancing adipose beiging. Together, our data identify the CCL22-CCR4 axis as an essential mediator for LN-controlled adaptive thermogenesis and highlight its potential to combat obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jooman Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zilai Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yanyu Qian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruifan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shuhao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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Blaszkiewicz M, Tao T, Mensah-Arhin K, Willows JW, Bates R, Huang W, Cao L, Smith RL, Townsend KL. Gene therapy approaches for obesity-induced adipose neuropathy: Device-targeted AAV-mediated neurotrophic factor delivery to adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1407-1424. [PMID: 38429927 PMCID: PMC11081869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining functional adipose innervation is critical for metabolic health. We found that subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) undergoes peripheral neuropathy (PN) with obesity, diabetes, and aging (reduced small-fiber innervation and nerve/synaptic/growth-cone/vesicle markers, altered nerve activity). Unlike with nerve injuries, peripheral nerves do not regenerate with PN, and therefore new therapies are needed for treatment of this condition affecting 20-30 million Americans. Here, we validated a gene therapy approach using an adipocyte-tropic adeno-associated virus (AAV; serotype Rec2) to deliver neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) directly to scWAT to improve tissue-specific PN as a proof-of-concept approach. AAVRec2-BDNF intra-adipose delivery improved tissue innervation in obese/diabetic mice with PN, but after longer periods of dietary obesity there was reduced efficacy, revealing a key time window for therapies. AAVRec2-NGF also increased scWAT innervation in obese mice and was more effective than BDNF, likely because Rec2 targeted adipocytes, the tissue's endogenous NGF source. AAVRec2-NGF also worked well even after 25 weeks of dietary obesity, unlike BDNF, which likely needs a vector that targets its physiological cellular source (stromal vascular fraction cells). Given the differing effects of AAVs carrying NGF versus BDNF, a combined therapy may be ideal for PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianyi Tao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kofi Mensah-Arhin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jake W Willows
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rosemary L Smith
- College of Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Pita-Grisanti V, Dubay K, Lahooti A, Badi N, Ueltschi O, Gumpper-Fedus K, Hsueh HY, Lahooti I, Chavez-Tomar M, Terhorst S, Knoblaugh SE, Cao L, Huang W, Coss CC, Mace TA, Choueiry F, Hinton A, Mitchell JM, Schmandt R, Grinsfelder MO, Basen-Engquist K, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Physical Activity Delays Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Mice and Decreases Inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.521203. [PMID: 36711764 PMCID: PMC9881853 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.521203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a deadly disease with limited preventive strategies. Lifestyle interventions to decrease obesity might prevent obesity-associated PDAC. Here, we examined whether decreasing obesity by increased physical activity (PA) and/or dietary changes would decrease inflammation in humans and prevent PDAC in mice. METHODS Circulating inflammatory-associated cytokines of overweight and obese subjects before and after a PA intervention were compared. PDAC pre-clinical models were exposed to PA and/or dietary interventions after obesity-associated cancer initiation. Body composition, tumor progression, growth, fibrosis, inflammation, and transcriptomic changes in the adipose tissue were evaluated. RESULTS PA decreased the levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese subjects. PDAC mice on a diet-induced obesity (DIO) and PA intervention, had delayed weight gain, decreased systemic inflammation, lower grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, reduced PDAC incidence, and increased anti-inflammatory signals in the adipose tissue compared to controls. PA had additional cancer prevention benefits when combined with a non-obesogenic diet after DIO. However, weight loss through PA alone or combined with a dietary intervention did not prevent tumor growth in an orthotopic PDAC model. Adipose-specific targeting of interleukin (IL)-15, an anti-inflammatory cytokine induced by PA in the adipose tissue, slowed PDAC growth. CONCLUSIONS PA alone or combined with diet-induced weight loss delayed the progression of PDAC and reduced systemic and adipose inflammatory signals. Therefore, obesity management via dietary interventions and/or PA, or modulating weight loss related pathways could prevent obesity-associated PDAC in high-risk obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pita-Grisanti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kelly Dubay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ali Lahooti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Niharika Badi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Olivia Ueltschi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hsiang-Yin Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ila Lahooti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Myrriah Chavez-Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samantha Terhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sue E. Knoblaugh
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lei Cao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wei Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer M Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rosemarie Schmandt
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michaela Onstad Grinsfelder
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Energy Balance, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Huang W, Bates R, Cao L. AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery to Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:167-181. [PMID: 37076680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are attractive vehicles for gene therapy. Yet targeting adipose tissue is still a challenging task. We recently showed that a novel engineered hybrid serotype Rec2 displays high efficacy of gene transfer to both brown and white fat. Furthermore, the administration route influences the tropism and efficacy of Rec2 vector with oral administration transducing interscapular brown fat, while intraperitoneal injection preferentially targets visceral fat and liver. To restrict off-target transgene expression in the liver, we further develop a single rAAV vector harboring two expression cassettes: one using CBA promoter driving a transgene and another using a liver-specific albumin promoter driving a microRNA targeting the woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) sequence in this rAAV vector. In vivo studies by our lab and others have shown that the Rec2/dual-cassette vector system provides a powerful tool for gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. Here we offer an updated protocol for AAV packaging and delivery to brown fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Sommer N, Roumane A, Han W, Delibegović M, Rochford JJ, Mcilroy GD. Gene therapy restores adipose tissue and metabolic health in a pre-clinical mouse model of lipodystrophy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:206-216. [PMID: 36320417 PMCID: PMC9589143 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 is a serious multisystem disorder with limited treatment options. It is caused by mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene, which encodes the protein seipin. Patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 lack both metabolic and mechanical adipose tissue and develop severe metabolic complications including hepatic steatosis, lipoatrophic diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Gene therapies are becoming viable treatments, helping to alleviate inherited and acquired human disorders. We aimed to determine whether gene therapy could offer an effective form of medical intervention for lipodystrophy. We examined whether systemic adeno-associated virus delivery of human BSCL2 could reverse metabolic disease in seipin knockout mice, where white adipose tissue is absent. We reveal that adeno-associated virus gene therapy targets adipose progenitor cells in vivo and substantially restores white adipose tissue development in adult seipin knockout mice. This resulted in both rapid and prolonged beneficial effects to metabolic health in this pre-clinical mouse model of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2. Hyperglycemia was normalized within 2 weeks post-treatment together with normalization of severe insulin resistance. We propose that gene therapy offers great potential as a therapeutic strategy to correct multiple metabolic complications in patients with congenital lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Sommer
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ahlima Roumane
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 138667 Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510700, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Justin J. Rochford
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George D. Mcilroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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Pupo A, Fernández A, Low SH, François A, Suárez-Amarán L, Samulski RJ. AAV vectors: The Rubik's cube of human gene therapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3515-3541. [PMID: 36203359 PMCID: PMC9734031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective genes account for ∼80% of the total of more than 7,000 diseases known to date. Gene therapy brings the promise of a one-time treatment option that will fix the errors in patient genetic coding. Recombinant viruses are highly efficient vehicles for in vivo gene delivery. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors offer unique advantages, such as tissue tropism, specificity in transduction, eliciting of a relatively low immune responses, no incorporation into the host chromosome, and long-lasting delivered gene expression, making them the most popular viral gene delivery system in clinical trials, with three AAV-based gene therapy drugs already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA). Despite the success of AAV vectors, their usage in particular scenarios is still limited due to remaining challenges, such as poor transduction efficiency in certain tissues, low organ specificity, pre-existing humoral immunity to AAV capsids, and vector dose-dependent toxicity in patients. In the present review, we address the different approaches to improve AAV vectors for gene therapy with a focus on AAV capsid selection and engineering, strategies to overcome anti-AAV immune response, and vector genome design, ending with a glimpse at vector production methods and the current state of recombinant AAV (rAAV) at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Pupo
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Audry Fernández
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Siew Hui Low
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Achille François
- Viralgen. Parque Tecnológico de Guipuzkoa, Edificio Kuatro, Paseo Mikeletegui, 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lester Suárez-Amarán
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Richard Jude Samulski
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Corresponding author: Richard Jude Samulski, R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, NC 27709, USA.
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8
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Xiao R, Mansour AG, Huang W, Hassan QN, Wilkins RK, Komatineni SV, Bates R, Ali S, Chrislip LA, Queen NJ, Ma S, Yu J, Lordo MR, Mundy-Bosse BL, Caligiuri MA, Cao L. Adipocyte CD1d Gene Transfer Induces T Cell Expansion and Adipocyte Inflammation in CD1d Knockout Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2109-2121. [PMID: 35418470 PMCID: PMC9050908 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CD1d, a lipid Ag-presenting molecule for invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, is abundantly expressed on adipocytes and regulates adipose homeostasis through iNKT cells. CD1d gene expression was restored in visceral adipose tissue adipocytes of CD1d knockout (KO) mice to investigate the interactions between adipocytes and immune cells within adipose tissue. We developed an adipocyte-specific targeting recombinant adeno-associated viral vector, with minimal off-target transgene expression in the liver, to rescue CD1d gene expression in visceral adipose tissue adipocytes of CD1d KO mice, followed by assessment of immune cell alternations in adipose tissue and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of alteration. We report that adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of CD1d to adipocytes in CD1d KO mice fails to rescue iNKT cells but leads to massive and selective expansion of T cells within adipose tissue, particularly CD8+ T effector cells, that is associated with adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome activation, dysregulation of adipocyte functional genes, and upregulation of apoptotic pathway proteins. An NLRP3 inhibitor has no effect on T cell phenotypes whereas depletion of CD8+ T cells significantly attenuates inflammasome activation and abolishes the dysregulation of adipocyte functional genes induced by adipocyte CD1d. In contrast, adipocyte overexpression of CD1d fails to induce T cell activation in wild-type mice or in invariant TCR α-chain Jα18 KO mice that have a normal lymphocyte repertoire except for iNKT cells. Our studies uncover an adipocyte CD1d → CD8+ T cell → adipocyte inflammasome cascade, in which CD8+ T cells function as a key mediator of adipocyte inflammation likely induced by an allogeneic response against the CD1d molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Anthony G Mansour
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Quais N Hassan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Ryan K Wilkins
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Suraj V Komatineni
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Seemaab Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Logan A Chrislip
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew R Lordo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA;
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
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9
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Romanelli SM, Lewis KT, Nishii A, Rupp AC, Li Z, Mori H, Schill RL, Learman BS, Rhodes CJ, MacDougald OA. BAd-CRISPR: Inducible gene knockout in interscapular brown adipose tissue of adult mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101402. [PMID: 34774798 PMCID: PMC8661024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled inducible gene knockout in numerous tissues; however, its use has not been reported in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we developed the brown adipocyte CRISPR (BAd-CRISPR) methodology to rapidly interrogate the function of one or multiple genes. With BAd-CRISPR, an adeno-associated virus (AAV8) expressing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) is administered directly to BAT of mice expressing Cas9 in brown adipocytes. We show that the local administration of AAV8-sgRNA to interscapular BAT of adult mice robustly transduced brown adipocytes and ablated expression of adiponectin, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid synthase, perilipin 1, or stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by >90%. Administration of multiple AAV8 sgRNAs led to simultaneous knockout of up to three genes. BAd-CRISPR induced frameshift mutations and suppressed target gene mRNA expression but did not lead to substantial accumulation of off-target mutations in BAT. We used BAd-CRISPR to create an inducible uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) knockout mouse to assess the effects of UCP1 loss on adaptive thermogenesis in adult mice. Inducible Ucp1 knockout did not alter core body temperature; however, BAd-CRISPR Ucp1 mice had elevated circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 and changes in BAT gene expression consistent with heat production through increased peroxisomal lipid oxidation. Other molecular adaptations predict additional cellular inefficiencies with an increase in both protein synthesis and turnover, and mitochondria with reduced reliance on mitochondrial-encoded gene expression and increased expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. These data suggest that BAd-CRISPR is an efficient tool to speed discoveries in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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10
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Bergin SM, Xiao R, Huang W, Judd CRT, Liu X, Mansour AG, Queen N, Widstrom KJ, Caligiuri MA, Cao L. Environmental activation of a hypothalamic BDNF-adipocyte IL-15 axis regulates adipose-natural killer cells. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:477-488. [PMID: 33989745 PMCID: PMC8493653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical and social environments influence immune homeostasis within adipose tissue, yet the mechanisms remain poorly defined. We report that an enriched environment (EE) housing modulates the immune cell population in white adipose tissue of mice including an increase in the abundance of natural killer (NK) cells. EE upregulates the expression of IL-15 and its receptor IL-15Rα specifically within mature adipocytes. Mechanistically, we show that hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) upregulates IL-15 production in adipocytes via sympathetic β-adrenergic signaling. Overexpressing BDNF mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector in the hypothalamus expands adipose NK cells. Conversely, inhibition of hypothalamic BDNF signaling via gene transfer of a dominant negative TrkB receptor suppresses adipose NK cells. In white adipose tissue, overexpression of IL-15 using an adipocyte-specific rAAV vector stimulates adipose NK cells and inhibits the progression of subcutaneous melanoma, whereas local IL-15 knockdown blocks the EE effect. These results suggest that bio-behavioral factors regulate adipose NK cells via a hypothalamic BDNF-sympathoneural-adipocyte IL-15 axis. Targeting this pathway may have therapeutic significance for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Bergin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Run Xiao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - C Ryan T Judd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Xianglan Liu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Anthony G Mansour
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Nicholas Queen
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kyle J Widstrom
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, United States.
| | - Lei Cao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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11
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Wagner G, Fenzl A, Lindroos-Christensen J, Einwallner E, Husa J, Witzeneder N, Rauscher S, Gröger M, Derdak S, Mohr T, Sutterlüty H, Klinglmüller F, Wolkerstorfer S, Fondi M, Hoermann G, Cao L, Wagner O, Kiefer FW, Esterbauer H, Bilban M. LMO3 reprograms visceral adipocyte metabolism during obesity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1151-1171. [PMID: 34018016 PMCID: PMC8313462 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Obesity and body fat distribution are important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Evidence has accumulated that this risk is related to intrinsic differences in behavior of adipocytes in different fat depots. We recently identified LIM domain only 3 (LMO3) in human mature visceral adipocytes; however, its function in these cells is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the potential involvement of LMO3-dependent pathways in the modulation of key functions of mature adipocytes during obesity. Based on a recently engineered hybrid rAAV serotype Rec2 shown to efficiently transduce both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT), we delivered YFP or Lmo3 to epididymal WAT (eWAT) of C57Bl6/J mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). The effects of eWAT transduction on metabolic parameters were evaluated 10 weeks later. To further define the role of LMO3 in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, insulin signaling, adipocyte bioenergetics, as well as endocrine function, experiments were conducted in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and newly differentiated human primary mature adipocytes, engineered for transient gain or loss of LMO3 expression, respectively. AAV transduction of eWAT results in strong and stable Lmo3 expression specifically in the adipocyte fraction over a course of 10 weeks with HFD feeding. LMO3 expression in eWAT significantly improved insulin sensitivity and healthy visceral adipose tissue expansion in diet-induced obesity, paralleled by increased serum adiponectin. In vitro, LMO3 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased PPARγ transcriptional activity, insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake, as well as mitochondrial oxidative capacity in addition to fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, LMO3 induced the PPARγ coregulator Ncoa1, which was required for LMO3 to enhance glucose uptake and mitochondrial oxidative gene expression. In human mature adipocytes, LMO3 overexpression promoted, while silencing of LMO3 suppressed mitochondrial oxidative capacity. LMO3 expression in visceral adipose tissue regulates multiple genes that preserve adipose tissue functionality during obesity, such as glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and adiponectin secretion. Together with increased PPARγ activity and Ncoa1 expression, these gene expression changes promote insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation, glucose uptake in addition to increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity, limiting HFD-induced adipose dysfunction. These data add LMO3 as a novel regulator improving visceral adipose tissue function during obesity. Key messages LMO3 increases beneficial visceral adipose tissue expansion and insulin sensitivity in vivo. LMO3 increases glucose uptake and oxidative mitochondrial activity in adipocytes. LMO3 increases nuclear coactivator 1 (Ncoa1). LMO3-enhanced glucose uptake and mitochondrial gene expression requires Ncoa1.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02089-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Fenzl
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josefine Lindroos-Christensen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Elisa Einwallner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Husa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Rauscher
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Gröger
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hedwig Sutterlüty
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Klinglmüller
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Medicines & Medical Devices Agency, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silviya Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Fondi
- University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Oswald Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Queen NJ, Bates R, Huang W, Xiao R, Appana B, Cao L. Visceral adipose tissue-directed FGF21 gene therapy improves metabolic and immune health in BTBR mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:409-422. [PMID: 33575433 PMCID: PMC7848733 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone that serves as a potent effector of energy homeostasis. Increasingly, FGF21 is viewed as a promising therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and other metabolic complications. Exogenous administration of native FGF21 peptide has proved difficult due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we utilized an engineered serotype adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector coupled with a dual-cassette design to selectively overexpress FGF21 in visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, a single, low-dose intraperitoneal injection of AAV-FGF21 resulted in sustained benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity, glycemic processing, and systemic metabolic function and reduced whole-body adiposity, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipose tissue macrophage inflammation. Our study highlights the potential of adipose tissue as a FGF21 gene-therapy target and the promise of minimally invasive AAV vectors as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhavya Appana
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Adipose Tissue: An Emerging Target for Adeno-associated Viral Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:236-249. [PMID: 33102616 PMCID: PMC7566077 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is one of the largest organs, playing important roles in physiology and pathologies of multiple diseases. However, research related to adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting adipose tissue has been left far behind studies carried out in the liver, brain, heart, and muscle. Despite initial reports indicating poor performance, AAV-mediated gene delivery to adipose tissue has continued to rise during the past two decades. AAV8 and a novel engineered hybrid serotype, Rec2, have been shown to transduce adipose tissue more efficiently than other serotypes so far tested and have been applied in most of the in vivo studies. The Rec2 serotype displays high efficacy of gene transfer to both brown and white fat via local and systemic administration. This review summarizes the advances in developing AAV vectors with enhanced adipose tropism and restricting off-target transgene expression. We discuss the challenges and strategies to search for and generate novel serotypes with tropism tailoring for adipose tissue and develop AAV vector systems to improve adipose transgene expression for basic research and translational studies.
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14
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Romanelli SM, MacDougald OA. Viral and Nonviral Transfer of Genetic Materials to Adipose Tissues: Toward a Gold Standard Approach. Diabetes 2020; 69:2581-2588. [PMID: 33219099 PMCID: PMC7679771 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer using viral or nonviral vectors enables the ability to manipulate specific cells and tissues for gene silencing, protein overexpression, or genome modification. Despite the widespread application of viral- and non-viral-mediated gene transfer to liver, heart, skeletal muscle, and the central nervous system, its use in adipose tissue has been limited. This is largely because adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body in distinct depots and adipocytes make up a minority of the cells within the tissue, making transduction difficult. Currently, there is no consensus methodology for efficient gene transfer to adipose tissue and many studies report conflicting information with regard to transduction efficiency and vector biodistribution. In this review, we summarize the challenges associated with gene transfer to adipose tissue and report on innovations that improve efficacy. We describe how vector and route of administration are the two key factors that influence transduction efficiency and outline a "gold standard" approach and experimental workflow for validating gene transfer to adipose tissue. Lastly, we speculate on how CRISPR/Cas9 can be integrated to improve adipose tissue research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Romanelli
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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15
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Adipose PTEN acts as a downstream mediator of a brain-fat axis in environmental enrichment. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 4. [PMID: 35355831 PMCID: PMC8963210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Environmental enrichment (EE) is a physiological model to investigate brain-fat interactions. We previously discovered that EE activates the hypothalamic-sympathoneural adipocyte (HSA) axis via induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thus leading to sympathetic stimulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) and an anti-obesity phenotype. Here, we investigate whether PTEN acts as a downstream mediator of the HSA axis in the EE. Methods Mice were housed in EE for 4- and 16-week periods to determine how EE regulates adipose PTEN. Hypothalamic injections of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing BDNF and a dominant negative form of its receptor were performed to assess the role of the HSA axis in adipose PTEN upregulation. A β-blocker, propranolol, and a denervation agent, 6-hydroydopamine, were administered to assess sympathetic signaling in the observed EE-PTEN phenotype. To determine whether inducing PTEN is sufficient to reproduce certain EE adipose remodeling, we overexpressed PTEN in WAT using an AAV vector. To determine whether adipose PTEN is necessary for the EE-mediated reduction in adipocyte size, we injected a rAAV vector expressing Cre recombinase to the WAT of adult PTENflox mice and placed the mice in EE. Results EE upregulated adipose PTEN expression, which was associated with suppression of AKT and ERK phosphorylation, increased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation, and reduced adiposity. PTEN regulation was found to be controlled by the HSA axis—with the hypothalamic BDNF acting as the upstream mediator—and dependent on sympathetic innervation. AAV-mediated adipose PTEN overexpression recapitulated EE-mediated adipose changes including suppression of AKT and ERK phosphorylation, increased HSL phosphorylation, and reduced adipose mass, whereas PTEN knockdown blocked the EE-induced reduction of adipocyte size. Conclusions These data suggest that adipose PTEN responds to environmental stimuli and serves as downstream mediator of WAT remodeling in the EE paradigm, resulting in decreased adipose mass and decreased adipocyte size. Environmental enrichment (EE) induces adipose PTEN expression and is associated with (1) suppression of AKT phosphorylation, (2) increased hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation, and (3) decreased adiposity The hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte (HSA) axis mediates EE-induced adipose PTEN rAAV-mediated gene delivery of PTEN to adipose tissues mimics EE-related adipose remodeling Knockdown of adipose PTEN blocks EE-induced reductions in adipocyte size
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16
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Hassan QN, Queen NJ, Cao L. Regulation of aging and cancer by enhanced environmental activation of a hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte axis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5687-5699. [PMID: 33134111 PMCID: PMC7595574 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social and environmental factors impact cancer and energy balance profoundly. Years ago, our lab established the existence of a novel brain-fat interaction we termed the "hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte (HSA) axis", through which complex environmental stimuli provided by an enriched environment regulate body composition, energy balance, and development of cancer. We have spent a significant portion of the past decade to further characterize the broad health benefits of an enriched environment (for example, leanness, enhanced immune function, and cancer resistance), and to identify mediators in the brain and periphery along the HSA axis. This review summarizes our recent work regarding the interface between endocrinology, immunology, cancer biology, aging, and neuroscience. We will discuss the interplay between these systemic phenomena and how the HSA axis can be targeted for regulation of cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quais N. Hassan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Ye C, Duan J, Zhang X, Yao L, Song Y, Wang G, Li Q, Wang B, Ai D, Wang C, Zhu Y. Cold-induced Yes-associated-protein expression through miR-429 mediates the browning of white adipose tissue. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:404-418. [PMID: 32804340 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the white-to-brown fat conversion is important for developing potential strategies to counteract metabolic diseases; yet the mechanisms are not fully understood. Yes-associated-protein (YAP), a transcription co-activator, was demonstrated to regulate adipose tissue functions; however, its effects on browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) are unclear. We demonstrated that YAP was highly expressed in cold-induced beige fat. Mechanistically, YAP was found as a target gene of miR-429, which downregulated YAP expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, miR-429 level was decreased in cold-induced beige fat. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of the interaction between YAP and transcriptional enhanced associate domains by verteporfin dampened the browning of sWAT. Although adipose tissue-specific YAP overexpression increased energy expenditure with increased basal uncoupling protein 1 expression, it had no additional effects on the browning of sWAT in young mice. However, we found age-related impairment of sWAT browning along with decreased YAP expression. Under these circumstances, YAP overexpression significantly improved the impaired WAT browning in middle-aged mice. In conclusion, YAP as a regulator of sWAT browning, was upregulated by lowering miR-429 level in cold-induced beige fat. Targeting the miR-429-YAP pathway could be exploited for therapeutic strategies for age-related impairment of sWAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenji Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jinjie Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Liu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yayue Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Biqing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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18
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Queen NJ, Hassan QN, Cao L. Improvements to Healthspan Through Environmental Enrichment and Lifestyle Interventions: Where Are We Now? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:605. [PMID: 32655354 PMCID: PMC7325954 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental paradigm that is used to explore how a complex, stimulating environment can impact overall health. In laboratory animal experiments, EE housing conditions typically include larger-than-standard cages, abundant bedding, running wheels, mazes, toys, and shelters which are rearranged regularly to further increase stimulation. EE has been shown to improve multiple aspects of health, including but not limited to metabolism, learning and cognition, anxiety and depression, and immunocompetence. Recent advances in lifespan have led some researchers to consider aging as a risk factor for disease. As such, there is a pressing need to understand the processes by which healthspan can be increased. The natural and predictable changes during aging can be reversed or decreased through EE and its underlying mechanisms. Here, we review the use of EE in laboratory animals to understand mechanisms involved in aging, and comment on relative areas of strength and weakness in the current literature. We additionally address current efforts toward applying EE-like lifestyle interventions to human health to extend healthspan. Although increasing lifespan is a clear goal of medical research, improving the quality of this added time also deserves significant attention. Despite hurdles in translating experimental results toward clinical application, we argue there is great potential in using features of EE toward improving human healthy life expectancy or healthspan, especially in the context of increased global longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Quais N. Hassan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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19
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Lu H, Ye Z, Zhai Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Luo W, Lu Z, Chen J. QKI regulates adipose tissue metabolism by acting as a brake on thermogenesis and promoting obesity. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47929. [PMID: 31868295 PMCID: PMC6944952 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue controls numerous physiological processes, and its dysfunction has a causative role in the development of systemic metabolic disorders. The role of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolism has yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) plays an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis of the adipose tissue. QKI-deficient mice are resistant to high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Additionally, QKI depletion increased brown fat energy dissipation and browning of subcutaneous white fat. Adipose tissue-specific depletion of QKI in mice enhances cold-induced thermogenesis, thereby preventing hypothermia in response to cold stimulus. Further mechanistic analysis reveals that QKI is transcriptionally induced by the cAMP-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) axis and restricts adipose tissue energy consumption by decreasing stability, nuclear export, and translation of mRNAs encoding UCP1 and PGC1α. These findings extend our knowledge of the significance of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolic homeostasis and provide a potential therapeutic target to defend against obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zichen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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20
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Huang W, Queen NJ, McMurphy TB, Ali S, Cao L. Adipose PTEN regulates adult adipose tissue homeostasis and redistribution via a PTEN-leptin-sympathetic loop. Mol Metab 2019; 30:48-60. [PMID: 31767180 PMCID: PMC6812328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the large body of work describing the tumor suppressor functions of Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), its roles in adipose homeostasis of adult animals are not yet fully understood. Here, we sought to determine the role of PTEN in whole-body adipose homeostasis. METHODS We genetically manipulated PTEN in specific fat depots through recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-based gene transfer of Cre recombinase to adult PTENflox mice. Additionally, we used a denervation agent, 6OHDA, to assess the role of sympathetic signaling in PTEN-related adipose remodeling. Furthermore, we chemically manipulated AKT signaling via a pan-AKT inhibitor, MK-2206, to assess the role of AKT in PTEN-related adipose remodeling. Finally, to understand the role of leptin and central signaling on peripheral tissues, we knocked down hypothalamic leptin receptor with a microRNA delivered by a rAAV vector. RESULTS Knockdown PTEN in individual fat depot resulted in massive expansion of the affected fat depot through activation of AKT signaling associated with suppression of lipolysis and induction of leptin. This hypertrophic expansion of the affected fat depot led to upregulation of PTEN level, higher lipolysis, and induction of white fat browning in other fat depots, and the compensatory reduced fat mass to maintain a set point of whole-body adiposity. Administration of AKT inhibitor MK-2206 prevented the adipose PTEN knockdown-associated effects. 6OHDA-mediated denervation demonstrated that sympathetic innervation was required for the PTEN knockdown-induced adipose redistribution. Knockdown hypothalamic leptin receptor attenuated the adipose redistribution induced by PTEN deficiency in individual fat depot. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the essential role of PTEN in adipose homeostasis, including mass and distribution in adulthood, and reveal an "adipose PTEN-leptin-sympathetic nervous system" feedback loop to maintain a set point of adipose PTEN and whole-body adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Travis B McMurphy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Seemaab Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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21
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Xiao R, Mansour AG, Huang W, Chrislip LA, Wilkins RK, Queen NJ, Youssef Y, Mao HC, Caligiuri MA, Cao L. Adipocytes: A Novel Target for IL-15/IL-15Rα Cancer Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2019; 27:922-932. [PMID: 30833178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-15 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an essential role in the development and activation of natural killer (NK) cells. Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ that secretes cytokines and is an important reservoir for lymphocytes. We hypothesized that activation of the IL-15 signaling in adipose tissue will activate and expand the NK cell population and control tumor growth. We recently developed an adipocyte-targeting recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector with minimal off-target transgene expression in the liver. Here, we used this rAAV system to deliver an IL-15/IL-15Rα complex to the abdominal fat by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Adipose IL-15/IL-15Rα complex gene transfer led to the expansion of NK cells in the adipose tissue and spleen in normal mice without notable side effects. The i.p. injection of rAAV-IL-15/IL-15Rα complex significantly suppressed the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma implanted subcutaneously and exerted a significant survival advantage in a B16-F10 melanoma metastasis model. The antitumor effects were associated with the expansion of the NK cells in the blood, spleen, abdominal fat, and tumor, as well as the enhancement of NK cell maturity. Our proof-of-concept preclinical studies demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the adipocyte-specific IL-15/IL-15Rα complex vector as a novel cancer immune gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Xiao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony G Mansour
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Logan A Chrislip
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryan K Wilkins
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J Queen
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Youssef Youssef
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pathology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hsiaoyin C Mao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Lei Cao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are attractive vehicles for gene therapy. Yet, it is challenging to genetically manipulate adipose tissue in adults due to the low transduction efficiency of naturally occurring AAV serotypes. We recently demonstrated that a novel engineered hybrid serotype Rec2 achieves high transduction of adipose tissue that is superior to naturally occurring serotypes via direct injection to adipose depots. Furthermore, the administration route influences the tropism and efficacy of Rec2 vector: oral administration transduces interscapular brown fat, while intraperitoneal injection preferentially targets visceral fat. Multiple in vivo studies by our lab and others have demonstrated that Rec2 vector provides a powerful tool to genetically manipulate adipose tissue for basic research and potential gene therapies of genetic and acquired diseases. Here we provide detailed protocols for AAV production and delivery to adipose tissue by direct injection, oral administration, and intraperitoneal injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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23
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Xie L, Zhang Y, Gunasekar SK, Mishra A, Cao L, Sah R. Induction of adipose and hepatic SWELL1 expression is required for maintaining systemic insulin-sensitivity in obesity. Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:673-677. [PMID: 28873008 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1373225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a loss of insulin-sensitivity and systemic dysglycemia, resulting in Type 2 diabetes, however the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Through adipocyte patch-clamp studies, we recently showed that SWELL1 is required for the Volume-Regulated Anion Current (VRAC) in adipocytes and that SWELL1-mediated VRAC is activated by both mechanical and pathophysiological adipocyte expansion. We also demonstrated that adipocyte SWELL1 is required for maintaining insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis, particularly in the setting of obesity. Here we show that SWELL1 protein expression is induced in subcutaneous fat, visceral fat and liver in the setting of obesity. Long- term AAV/rec2-shRNA mediated SWELL1 knock-down in both fat and liver are associated with increased weight gain, increased adiposity and exacerbated insulin resistance in mice raised on a high-fat diet. These data further support the notion that SWELL1 induction occurs in insulin- sensitive tissues (liver and adipose) in the setting of over-nutrition and contributes to improved systemic glycemia by supporting enhanced insulin-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Xie
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Susheel K Gunasekar
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Anil Mishra
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Lei Cao
- b Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA.,c Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center , Iowa City , IA , USA.,d Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center , University of Iowa , Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
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24
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Targeting Visceral Fat by Intraperitoneal Delivery of Novel AAV Serotype Vector Restricting Off-Target Transduction in Liver. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 6:68-78. [PMID: 28702474 PMCID: PMC5491462 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to genetically manipulate fat in adults. We demonstrate that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype Rec2 leads to high transduction of multiple visceral fat depots at a dose of 1 to 2 orders lower than commonly used doses for systemic gene delivery. To target adipose tissue, we develop a single AAV vector harboring two expression cassettes: one using the CBA promoter to drive transgene expression and one using the liver-specific albumin promoter to drive a microRNA-targeting WPRE sequence that only exists in this AAV vector. This dual-cassette vector achieves highly selective transduction of visceral fat while severely restricting off-target transduction of liver. As proof of efficacy, i.p. administration of an adipose-targeting Rec2 vector harboring the leptin gene corrects leptin deficiency, obesity, and metabolic syndromes of ob/ob mice. This study provides a powerful tool to genetically manipulate fat for basic research and gene therapies of genetic and acquired diseases.
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25
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Ng R, Hussain NA, Zhang Q, Chang C, Li H, Fu Y, Cao L, Han W, Stunkel W, Xu F. miRNA-32 Drives Brown Fat Thermogenesis and Trans-activates Subcutaneous White Fat Browning in Mice. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1229-1246. [PMID: 28494871 PMCID: PMC5637386 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and subcutaneous white fat browning are essential components of the thermogenic response to cold stimulus in mammals. microRNAs have been shown to regulate both processes in cis. Here, we identify miR-32 as a BAT-specific super-enhancer-associated miRNA in mice that is selectively expressed in BAT and further upregulated during cold exposure. Inhibiting miR-32 in vivo led to impaired cold tolerance, decreased BAT thermogenesis, and compromised white fat browning as a result of reduced serum FGF21 levels. Further examination showed that miR-32 directly represses its target gene Tob1, thereby activating p38 MAP kinase signaling to drive FGF21 expression and secretion from BAT. BAT-specific miR-32 overexpression led to increased BAT thermogenesis and serum FGF21 levels, which further promotes white fat browning in trans. Our results suggested miR-32 and Tob1 as modulators of FGF21 signaling that can be manipulated for therapeutic benefit against obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Nurul Attiqah Hussain
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Qiongyi Zhang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Chengwei Chang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Hongyu Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Yanyun Fu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Walter Stunkel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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26
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Zhang Y, Xie L, Gunasekar SK, Tong D, Mishra A, Gibson WJ, Wang C, Fidler T, Marthaler B, Klingelhutz A, Abel ED, Samuel I, Smith JK, Cao L, Sah R. SWELL1 is a regulator of adipocyte size, insulin signalling and glucose homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:504-517. [PMID: 28436964 PMCID: PMC5415409 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes undergo considerable volumetric expansion in the setting of obesity. It has been proposed that such marked increases in adipocyte size may be sensed via adipocyte-autonomous mechanisms to mediate size-dependent intracellular signalling. Here, we show that SWELL1 (LRRC8a), a member of the Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing protein family, is an essential component of a volume-sensitive ion channel (VRAC) in adipocytes. We find that SWELL1-mediated VRAC is augmented in hypertrophic murine and human adipocytes in the setting of obesity. SWELL1 regulates adipocyte insulin-PI3K-AKT2-GLUT4 signalling, glucose uptake and lipid content via SWELL1 C-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain interactions with GRB2/Cav1. Silencing GRB2 in SWELL1 KO adipocytes rescues insulin-pAKT2 signalling. In vivo, shRNA-mediated SWELL1 knockdown and adipose-targeted SWELL1 knockout reduce adiposity and adipocyte size in obese mice while impairing systemic glycaemia and insulin sensitivity. These studies identify SWELL1 as a cell-autonomous sensor of adipocyte size that regulates adipocyte growth, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Susheel K. Gunasekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Dan Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | | | - Chuansong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Trevor Fidler
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Brodie Marthaler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Aloysius Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Isaac Samuel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Jessica K. Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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27
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Improved gene delivery to adult mouse spinal cord through the use of engineered hybrid adeno-associated viral serotypes. Gene Ther 2017; 24:361-369. [PMID: 28440798 PMCID: PMC5472488 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are often used in gene therapy for neurological disorders because of its safety profile and promising results in clinical trials. One challenge to AAV gene therapy is effective transduction of large numbers of the appropriate cell type, which can be overcome by modulating the viral capsid through DNA shuffling. Our previous study demonstrates that Rec2, among a family of novel engineered hybrid capsid serotypes (Rec1~4) transduces adipose tissue with far superior efficiency than naturally occurring AAV serotypes. Here we assessed the transduction of adult spinal cord at two different doses of AAV vectors expressing green fluorescent protein (2 × 109 or 4 × 108 viral particles) via intraparenchymal injection at the thoracic vertebral level T9. In comparison to an equal dose of the currently preferable AAV9 serotype, Rec3 serotype transduced a broader region of spinal cord up to approximately 1.5 cm longitudinally, and displayed higher transgene expression and increased maximal transduction rates of astrocytes at either dose and neurons at the lower dose. These novel engineered hybrid vectors could provide powerful tools at lower production costs to manipulate gene expression in spinal cord for mechanistic studies, or provide potent vehicles for gene therapy delivery, such as neurotrophins, to spinal cord.
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28
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McMurphy TB, Huang W, Xiao R, Liu X, Dhurandhar NV, Cao L. Hepatic Expression of Adenovirus 36 E4ORF1 Improves Glycemic Control and Promotes Glucose Metabolism Through AKT Activation. Diabetes 2017; 66:358-371. [PMID: 27903748 PMCID: PMC5248996 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering that impaired proximal insulin signaling is linked with diabetes, approaches that enhance glucose disposal independent of insulin signaling are attractive. In vitro data indicate that the E4ORF1 peptide derived from human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) interacts with cells from adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver to enhance glucose disposal, independent of proximal insulin signaling. Adipocyte-specific expression of Ad36E4ORF1 improves hyperglycemia in mice. To determine the hepatic interaction of Ad36E4ORF1 in enhancing glycemic control, we expressed E4ORF1 of Ad36 or Ad5 or fluorescent tag alone by using recombinant adeno-associated viral vector in the liver of three mouse models. In db/db or diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, hepatic expression of Ad36E4ORF1 but not Ad5E4ORF1 robustly improved glycemic control. In normoglycemic wild-type mice, hepatic expression of Ad36E4ORF1 lowered nonfasting blood glucose at a high dose of expression. Of note, Ad36E4ORF1 significantly reduced insulin levels in db/db and DIO mice. The improvement in glycemic control was observed without stimulation of the proximal insulin signaling pathway. Collectively, these data indicate that Ad36E4ORF1 is not a typical sensitizer, mimetic, or secretagogue of insulin. Instead, it may have insulin-sparing action, which seems to reduce the need for insulin and, hence, to reduce insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B McMurphy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Xianglan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Balkow A, Hoffmann LS, Klepac K, Glöde A, Gnad T, Zimmermann K, Pfeifer A. Direct lentivirus injection for fast and efficient gene transfer into brown and beige adipose tissue. J Biol Methods 2016; 3:e48. [PMID: 31453213 PMCID: PMC6706150 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is a special type of fat contributing to energy expenditure in human newborns and adults. Moreover, subcutaneous white adipose tissue has a high capacity to adapt an energy-consuming, brown-like/beige phenotype. Here, we developed an easy to handle and fast to accomplish method to efficiently transfer genes into brown and beige fat pads in vivo. Lentiviral vectors are directly injected into the target fat pad of anesthetized mice through a small incision using a modified, small needle connected to a microsyringe, which is well suited for infiltration of adipose tissues. Expression of the target gene can be detected in brown/beige fat one week after injection. The method can be applied within minutes to efficiently deliver transgenes into subcutaneous adipose tissues. Thus, this protocol allows for studying genes of interest in a timely manner in murine brown/beige fat and could potentially lead to new gene therapies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Balkow
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda S Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarina Klepac
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Glöde
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,BIGS DrugS International Graduate School, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,BIGS DrugS International Graduate School, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Qiang G, Whang Kong H, Xu S, Pham HA, Parlee SD, Burr AA, Gil V, Pang J, Hughes A, Gu X, Fantuzzi G, MacDougald OA, Liew CW. Lipodystrophy and severe metabolic dysfunction in mice with adipose tissue-specific insulin receptor ablation. Mol Metab 2016; 5:480-490. [PMID: 27408774 PMCID: PMC4921803 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin signaling plays pivotal roles in the development and metabolism of many tissues and cell types. A previous study demonstrated that ablation of insulin receptor (IR) with aP2-Cre markedly reduced adipose tissues mass and protected mice from obesity. However, multiple studies have demonstrated widespread non-adipocyte recombination of floxed alleles in aP2-Cre mice. These findings underscore the need to re-evaluate the role of IR in adipocyte and systemic metabolism with a more adipose tissue-specific Cre mouse line. METHODS We generated and phenotyped a new adipose tissue-specific IR mouse model using the adipose tissue-specific Adipoq-Cre line. RESULTS Here we show that the Adipoq-Cre-mediated IR KO in mice leads to lipodystrophy and metabolic dysfunction, which is in stark contrast to the previous study. In contrast to white adipocytes, absence of insulin signaling does not affect development of marrow and brown adipocytes, but instead is required for lipid accumulation particularly for the marrow adipocytes. Lipodystrophic IR KO mice have profound insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, organomegaly, and impaired adipokine secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate differential roles for insulin signaling for white, brown, and marrow adipocyte development and metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifen Qiang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyerim Whang Kong
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hoai An Pham
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sebastian D Parlee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron A Burr
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingbo Pang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy Hughes
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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31
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Foglesong GD, Huang W, Liu X, Slater AM, Siu J, Yildiz V, Salton SRJ, Cao L. Role of Hypothalamic VGF in Energy Balance and Metabolic Adaption to Environmental Enrichment in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:983-96. [PMID: 26730934 PMCID: PMC4769365 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE), a housing condition providing complex physical, social, and cognitive stimulation, leads to improved metabolic health and resistance to diet-induced obesity and cancer. One underlying mechanism is the activation of the hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte axis with hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as the key mediator. VGF, a peptide precursor particularly abundant in the hypothalamus, was up-regulated by EE. Overexpressing BDNF or acute injection of BDNF protein to the hypothalamus up-regulated VGF, whereas suppressing BDNF signaling down-regulated VGF expression. Moreover, hypothalamic VGF expression was regulated by leptin, melanocortin receptor agonist, and food deprivation mostly paralleled to BDNF expression. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of Cre recombinase to floxed VGF mice specifically decreased VGF expression in the hypothalamus. In contrast to the lean and hypermetabolic phenotype of homozygous germline VGF knockout mice, specific knockdown of hypothalamic VGF in male adult mice led to increased adiposity, decreased core body temperature, reduced energy expenditure, and impaired glucose tolerance, as well as disturbance of molecular features of brown and white adipose tissues without effects on food intake. However, VGF knockdown failed to block the EE-induced BDNF up-regulation or decrease of adiposity indicating a minor role of VGF in the hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte axis. Taken together, our results suggest hypothalamic VGF responds to environmental demands and plays an important role in energy balance and glycemic control likely acting in the melanocortin pathway downstream of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant D Foglesong
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
| | - Xianglan Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
| | - Andrew M Slater
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
| | - Jason Siu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
| | - Vedat Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
| | - Stephen R J Salton
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.D.F., W.H., X.L., A.M.S., J.S., L.C.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and The Center for Biostatistics (V.Y.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Neuroscience (S.R.J.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10461
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Genetic Manipulation of Brown Fat Via Oral Administration of an Engineered Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Serotype Vector. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1062-1069. [PMID: 26857843 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are attractive vehicles for gene therapy. Gene delivery to the adipose tissue using naturally occurring AAV serotypes is less successful compared to liver and muscle. Here, we demonstrate that oral administration of an engineered serotype Rec2 led to preferential transduction of brown fat with absence of transduction in the gastrointestinal track. Among the six natural and engineered serotypes being compared, Rec2 was the most efficient serotype achieving high level transduction at a dose 1~2 orders lower than reported doses for systemic administration. Overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in brown fat via oral administration of Rec2-VEGF vector increased the brown fat mass and enhanced thermogenesis. In contrast, knockdown VEGF in brown fat of VEGF (loxP) mice via Rec2-Cre vector hampered cold response and decreased brown fat mass. Oral administration of Rec2 vector provides a novel tool to genetically manipulate brown fat for research and therapeutic applications.
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During MJ, Liu X, Huang W, Magee D, Slater A, McMurphy T, Wang C, Cao L. Adipose VEGF Links the White-to-Brown Fat Switch With Environmental, Genetic, and Pharmacological Stimuli in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2059-73. [PMID: 25763639 PMCID: PMC4430610 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Living in an enriched environment (EE) decreases adiposity, increases energy expenditure, causes resistance to diet induced obesity, and induces brown-like (beige) cells in white fat via activating a hypothalamic-adipocyte axis. Here we report that EE stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a fat depot-specific manner prior to the emergence of beige cells. The VEGF up-regulation was independent of hypoxia but required intact sympathetic tone to the adipose tissue. Targeted adipose overexpression of VEGF reproduced the browning effect of EE. Adipose-specific VEGF knockout or pharmacological VEGF blockade with antibodies abolished the induction of beige cell by EE. Hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulated by EE regulated the adipose VEGF expression, and VEGF signaling was essential to the hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced white adipose tissue browning. Furthermore, VEGF signaling was essential to the beige cells induction by exercise, a β3-adrenergic agonist, and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligand, suggesting a common downstream pathway integrating diverse upstream mechanisms. Exploiting this pathway may offer potential therapeutic interventions to obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J During
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION An estimated 25 million Americans are living with rare diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic option for the more than 7,000 identified rare diseases. This paper highlights the benefits of AAV therapy compared to conventional small molecules, discusses current pre-clinical and clinical applications of AAV-mediated gene therapy, and offers insights into cutting edge research that will shape the future of AAV for broad therapeutic use. AREAS COVERED In this review the biology of AAV and our ability to generate disease-specific variants is summarized. Limitations of current therapy are reviewed, with an emphasis on immune detection of virus, viral tropism and tissue targeting, and limitations of gene expression. Information for this review was found using PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov. EXPERT OPINION Currently the scope of clinical trials of AAV gene therapy is concentrated in an array of phase I/II safety trials with less than two dozen rare diseases featured. Pre-clinical, translational studies are expanding in number as developments within the last decade have made generation of improved AAV vectors available to more researchers. Further, one bottleneck that is being overcome is the availability of disease models, which will allow for improved preclinical testing and advancement of AAV to more clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hastie
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7119 Thurston Bowles Building (104 Manning Drive), Campus Box 7352, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7352, United States
| | - R Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7119 Thurston Bowles Building (104 Manning Drive), Campus Box 7352, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7352, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7119 Thurston Bowles Building (104 Manning Drive), Campus Box 7352, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7352, United States
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