1
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Reynolds MF. New insights into the signal transduction mechanism of O 2-sensing FixL and other biological heme-based sensor proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112642. [PMID: 38908215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent structural and biophysical studies of O2-sensing FixL, NO-sensing soluble guanylate cyclase, and other biological heme-based sensing proteins have begun to reveal the details of their molecular mechanisms and shed light on how nature regulates important biological processes such as nitrogen fixation, blood pressure, neurotransmission, photosynthesis and circadian rhythm. The O2-sensing FixL protein from S. meliloti, the eukaryotic NO-sensing protein sGC, and the CO-sensing CooA protein from R. rubrum transmit their biological signals through gas-binding to the heme domain of these proteins, which inhibits or activates the regulatory, enzymatic domain. These proteins appear to propagate their signal by specific structural changes in the heme sensor domain initiated by the appropriate gas binding to the heme, which is then propagated through a coiled-coil linker or other domain to the regulatory, enzymatic domain that sends out the biological signal. The current understanding of the signal transduction mechanisms of O2-sensing FixL, NO-sensing sGC, CO-sensing CooA and other biological heme-based gas sensing proteins and their mechanistic themes are discussed, with recommendations for future work to further understand this rapidly growing area of biological heme-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, United States of America.
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2
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Hilgers RHP, Das KC. Redox Regulation of K + Channel: Role of Thioredoxin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 39099341 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Potassium channels regulate the influx and efflux of K+ ions in various cell types that generate and propagate action potential associated with excitation, contraction, and relaxation of various cell types. Although redox active cysteines are critically important for channel activity, the redox regulation of K+ channels by thioredoxin (Trx) has not been systematically reviewed. Recent Advances: Redox regulation of K+ channel is now increasingly recognized as drug targets in the pathological condition of several cardiovascular disease processes. The role of Trx in regulation of these channels and its implication in pathological conditions have not been adequately reviewed. This review specifically focuses on the redox-regulatory role of Trx on K+ channel structure and function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Critical Issues: Ion channels, including K+ channel, have been implicated in the functioning of cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction coupling, vascular hyperpolarization, cellular proliferation, and neuronal stimulation in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Although oxidation-reduction of ion channels is critically important in their function, the role of Trx, redox regulatory protein in regulation of these channels, and its implication in pathological conditions need to be studied to gain further insight into channel function. Future Directions: Future studies need to map all redox regulatory pathways in channel structure and function using novel mouse models and redox proteomic and signal transduction studies, which modulate various currents and altered excitability of relevant cells implicated in a pathological condition. We are yet at infancy of studies related to redox control of various K+ channels and structured and focused studies with novel animal models. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 00-00.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob H P Hilgers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kumuda C Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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3
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Moldenhauer HJ, Tammen K, Meredith AL. Structural mapping of patient-associated KCNMA1 gene variants. Biophys J 2024; 123:1984-2000. [PMID: 38042986 PMCID: PMC11309989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.3404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KCNMA1-linked channelopathy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures, motor abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental disabilities. The disease mechanisms are predicted to result from alterations in KCNMA1-encoded BK K+ channel activity; however, only a subset of the patient-associated variants have been functionally studied. The localization of these variants within the tertiary structure or evaluation by pathogenicity algorithms has not been systematically assessed. In this study, 82 nonsynonymous patient-associated KCNMA1 variants were mapped within the BK channel protein. Fifty-three variants localized within cryoelectron microscopy-resolved structures, including 21 classified as either gain of function (GOF) or loss of function (LOF) in BK channel activity. Clusters of LOF variants were identified in the pore, the AC region (RCK1), and near the Ca2+ bowl (RCK2), overlapping with sites of pharmacological or endogenous modulation. However, no clustering was found for GOF variants. To further understand variants of uncertain significance (VUSs), assessments by multiple standard pathogenicity algorithms were compared, and new thresholds for sensitivity and specificity were established from confirmed GOF and LOF variants. An ensemble algorithm was constructed (KCNMA1 meta score (KMS)), consisting of a weighted summation of this trained dataset combined with a structural component derived from the Ca2+-bound and unbound BK channels. KMS assessment differed from the highest-performing individual algorithm (REVEL) at 10 VUS residues, and a subset were studied further by electrophysiology in HEK293 cells. M578T, E656A, and D965V (KMS+;REVEL-) were confirmed to alter BK channel properties in voltage-clamp recordings, and D800Y (KMS-;REVEL+) was assessed as benign under the test conditions. However, KMS failed to accurately assess K457E. These combined results reveal the distribution of potentially disease-causing KCNMA1 variants within BK channel functional domains and pathogenicity evaluation for VUSs, suggesting strategies for improving channel-level predictions in future studies by building on ensemble algorithms such as KMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Moldenhauer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Tammen
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea L Meredith
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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4
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Marson NA, Gallio AE, Mandal SK, Laskowski RA, Raven EL. In silico prediction of heme binding in proteins. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107250. [PMID: 38569935 PMCID: PMC11101860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of heme binding to a protein is prevalent in almost all forms of life to control many important biological properties, such as O2-binding, electron transfer, gas sensing or to build catalytic power. In these cases, heme typically binds tightly (irreversibly) to a protein in a discrete heme binding pocket, with one or two heme ligands provided most commonly to the heme iron by His, Cys or Tyr residues. Heme binding can also be used as a regulatory mechanism, for example in transcriptional regulation or ion channel control. When used as a regulator, heme binds more weakly, with different heme ligations and without the need for a discrete heme pocket. This makes the characterization of heme regulatory proteins difficult, and new approaches are needed to predict and understand the heme-protein interactions. We apply a modified version of the ProFunc bioinformatics tool to identify heme-binding sites in a test set of heme-dependent regulatory proteins taken from the Protein Data Bank and AlphaFold models. The potential heme binding sites identified can be easily visualized in PyMol and, if necessary, optimized with RosettaDOCK. We demonstrate that the methodology can be used to identify heme-binding sites in proteins, including in cases where there is no crystal structure available, but the methodology is more accurate when the quality of the structural information is high. The ProFunc tool, with the modification used in this work, is publicly available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/profunc and can be readily adopted for the examination of new heme binding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa A Marson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Roman A Laskowski
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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5
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Mokdad A, Ang E, Desciak M, Ott C, Vilbert A, Beddow O, Butuc A, Larsen RW, Reynolds MF. Photoacoustic Calorimetry Studies of O 2-Sensing FixL and (R200, I209) Variants from Sinorhizobium meliloti Reveal Conformational Changes Coupled to Ligand Photodissociation from the Heme-PAS Domain. Biochemistry 2024; 63:116-127. [PMID: 38127721 PMCID: PMC10765370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
FixL is an oxygen-sensing heme-PAS protein that regulates nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of plants. In this paper, we present the first photothermal studies of the full-length wild-type FixL protein from Sinorhizobium meliloti and the first thermodynamic profile of a full-length heme-PAS protein. Photoacoustic calorimetry studies reveal a quadriphasic relaxation for SmFixL*WT and the five variant proteins (SmFixL*R200H, SmFixL*R200Q, SmFixL*R200E, SmFixL*R200A, and SmFixL*I209M) with four intermediates from <20 ns to ∼1.5 μs associated with the photodissociation of CO from the heme. The altered thermodynamic profiles of the full-length SmFixL* variant proteins confirm that the conserved heme domain residues R200 and I209 are important for signal transduction. In contrast, the truncated heme domain, SmFixLH128-264, shows only a single, fast monophasic relaxation at <50 ns associated with the fast disruption of a salt bridge and release of CO to the solvent, suggesting that the full-length protein is necessary to observe the conformational changes that propagate the signal from the heme domain to the kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mokdad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue SCA 400, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - EuTchen Ang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s
University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Michael Desciak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s
University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Christine Ott
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s
University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Avery Vilbert
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s
University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Olivia Beddow
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s
University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Artiom Butuc
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s
University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Randy W. Larsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue SCA 400, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Mark F. Reynolds
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s
University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
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6
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Moldenhauer HJ, Tammen K, Meredith AL. Structural mapping of patient-associated KCNMA1 gene variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550850. [PMID: 37546746 PMCID: PMC10402178 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
KCNMA1-linked channelopathy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures, motor abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental disabilities. The disease mechanisms are predicted to result from alterations in KCNMA1-encoded BK K+ channel activity; however, only a subset of the patient-associated variants have been functionally studied. The localization of these variants within the tertiary structure or evaluation by pathogenicity algorithms has not been systematically assessed. In this study, 82 nonsynonymous patient-associated KCNMA1 variants were mapped within the BK channel protein. Fifty-three variants localized within cryo-EM resolved structures, including 21 classified as either gain-of-function (GOF) or loss-of-function (LOF) in BK channel activity. Clusters of LOF variants were identified in the pore, the AC region (RCK1), and near the Ca 2+ bowl (RCK2), overlapping with sites of pharmacological or endogenous modulation. However, no clustering was found for GOF variants. To further understand variants of uncertain significance (VUS), assessments by multiple standard pathogenicity algorithms were compared, and new thresholds for sensitivity and specificity were established from confirmed GOF and LOF variants. An ensemble algorithm was constructed (KCNMA1 Meta Score), consisting of a weighted summation of this trained dataset combined with a structural component derived from the Ca 2+ bound and unbound BK channels. KMS assessment differed from the highest performing individual algorithm (REVEL) at 10 VUS residues, and a subset were studied further by electrophysiology in HEK293 cells. M578T, E656A, and D965V (KMS+;REVEL-) were confirmed to alter BK channel properties in voltage-clamp recordings, and D800Y (KMS-;REVEL+) was assessed as benign under the test conditions. However, KMS failed to accurately assess K457E. These combined results reveal the distribution of potentially disease-causing KCNMA1 variants within BK channel functional domains and pathogenicity evaluation for VUS, suggesting strategies for improving channel-level predictions in future studies by building on ensemble algorithms such as KMS.
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7
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Lu A, Kimble M, Justinen S, Morris DP, Wang C, Martinez DE, Hessinger DA. BK Channels Function in Nematocyst Discharge from Vibration-Sensitive Cnidocyte Supporting Cell Complexes of the Sea Anemone Diadumene lineata. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 245:88-102. [PMID: 38976849 DOI: 10.1086/730702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractIntegrated chemo- and mechanosensory pathways, along with activated calcium influxes, regulate nematocyst discharge from sea anemone tentacles. Discharge from vibration-sensitive Type A cnidocyte supporting cell complexes use calcium-conducting transient receptor potential V4-like channels. Because calcium influxes often couple with calcium-activated, large-conductance potassium (BK) channels, we hypothesized that BK channels function in nematocyst discharge. To verify this hypothesis, we first tested five selective BK channel blockers on nematocyst-mediated prey killing in Diadumene lineata (aka Haliplanella luciae). All tested BK channel blockers inhibited prey killing at concentrations comparable to their inhibition of vertebrate BK channels. In addition, the BK channel blocker paxilline selectively inhibited prey killing mediated by vibration-sensitive Type A cnidocyte supporting cell complexes. We queried a mammalian BKα amino acid sequence to the Exaiptasia diaphena database, from which we identified a putative anemone, pore-forming BKα subunit sequence. Using the E. diaphena BKα sequence as a template, we assembled a BKα transcript from our assembled D. lineata transcriptome. In addition, the hydra homolog of D. lineata BKα localizes to nematocytes on the hydra single-cell RNA sequencing map. Our findings suggest that D. lineata expresses BK channels that play a role in vibration-sensitive nematocyst discharge from Type A cnidocyte supporting cell complexes. We believe this is the first functional demonstration of BK channels in nonbilaterians. Because stimulated chemoreceptors frequency tune Type A cnidocyte supporting cell complexes to frequencies matching swimming movements of prey via a protein kinase A signaling pathway and protein kinase A generally activates BK channels, we suggest that D. lineata BK channels may participate in protein kinase A-mediated frequency tuning.
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8
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Rathod DC, Vaidya SM, Hopp MT, Kühl T, Imhof D. Shapes and Patterns of Heme-Binding Motifs in Mammalian Heme-Binding Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1031. [PMID: 37509066 PMCID: PMC10377097 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it has a pivotal role as a prosthetic group of hemoproteins in many biological processes ranging from oxygen transport and storage to miRNA processing. On the other hand, heme can transiently associate with proteins, thereby regulating biochemical pathways. During hemolysis, excess heme, which is released into the plasma, can bind to proteins and regulate their activity and function. The role of heme in these processes is under-investigated, with one problem being the lack of knowledge concerning recognition mechanisms for the initial association of heme with the target protein and the formation of the resulting complex. A specific heme-binding sequence motif is a prerequisite for such complex formation. Although numerous short signature sequences indicating a particular protein function are known, a comprehensive analysis of the heme-binding motifs (HBMs) which have been identified in proteins, concerning specific patterns and structural peculiarities, is missing. In this report, we focus on the evaluation of known mammalian heme-regulated proteins concerning specific recognition and structural patterns in their HBMs. The Cys-Pro dipeptide motifs are particularly emphasized because of their more frequent occurrence. This analysis presents a comparative insight into the sequence and structural anomalies observed during transient heme binding, and consequently, in the regulation of the relevant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv C Rathod
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonali M Vaidya
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-T Hopp
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Toni Kühl
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Interaction of Some Asymmetrical Porphyrins with U937 Cell Membranes-In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041640. [PMID: 36838628 PMCID: PMC9959758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects exerted in vitro by three asymmetrical porphyrins (5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin, 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinatozinc(II), and 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinatocopper(II)) on the transmembrane potential and the membrane anisotropy of U937 cell lines, using bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol (DiBAC4(3)) and 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene p-toluenesulfonate (TMA-DPH), respectively, as fluorescent probes for fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results indicate the hyperpolarizing effect of porphyrins in the concentration range of 0.5, 5, and 50 μM on the membrane of human U937 monocytic cells. Moreover, the tested porphyrins were shown to increase membrane anisotropy. Altogether, the results evidence the interaction of asymmetrical porphyrins with the membrane of U937 cells, with potential consequences on cellular homeostasis. Molecular docking simulations, and Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) free energy of binding calculations, supported the hypothesis that the investigated porphyrinic compounds could potentially bind to membrane proteins, with a critical role in regulating the transmembrane potential. Thus, both the free base porphyrins and the metalloporphyrins could bind to the SERCA2b (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum ATPase isoform 2b) calcium pump, while the metal complexes may specifically interact and modulate calcium-dependent (large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, Slo1/KCa1.1), and ATP-sensitive (KATP), potassium channels. Further studies are required to investigate these interactions and their impact on cellular homeostasis and functionality.
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10
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Wiatr M, Hadzhieva M, Lecerf M, Noé R, Justesen S, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Dragon-Durey MA, Dimitrov JD. Hyperoxidized Species of Heme Have a Potent Capacity to Induce Autoreactivity of Human IgG Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043416. [PMID: 36834827 PMCID: PMC9960230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of some human antibodies with heme results in posttranslational acquisition of binding to various self- and pathogen-derived antigens. The previous studies on this phenomenon were performed with oxidized heme (Fe3+). In the present study, we elucidated the effect of other pathologically relevant species of heme, i.e., species that were formed after contact of heme with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, situations in which heme's iron could acquire higher oxidation states. Our data reveal that hyperoxidized species of heme have a superior capacity to heme (Fe3+) in triggering the autoreactivity of human IgG. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that oxidation status of iron was of critical importance for the heme's effect on antibodies. We also demonstrated that hyperoxidized heme species interacted at higher affinities with IgG and that this binding occurred through a different mechanism as compared to heme (Fe3+). Regardless of their profound functional impact on the antigen-binding properties of antibodies, hyperoxidized species of heme did not affect Fc-mediated functions of IgG, such as binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. The obtained data contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of hemolytic diseases and of the origin of elevated antibody autoreactivity in patients with some hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Wiatr
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maya Hadzhieva
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Lecerf
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Noé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sune Justesen
- Immunitrack Aps, Lersoe Park Alle 42, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Dragon-Durey
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Service d’Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75610 Paris, France
| | - Jordan D. Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-144-278206
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11
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External Hemin as an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113391. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and seems to play a crucial role in cytoprotection. The mitoBKCa channel is regulated by many modulators, including activators, such as calcium ions and inhibitors, such as heme and its oxidized form hemin. Heme/hemin binds to the heme-binding motif (CXXCH) located between two RCK domains present in the mitochondrial matrix. In the present study, we used the patch-clamp technique in the outside-out configuration to record the activity of mitoBKCa channels. This allowed for the application of channel modulators to the intermembrane-space side of the mitoBKCa. We found that hemin applied in this configuration inhibits the activity of mitoBKCa. In addition, we proved that the observed hemin effect is specific and it is not due to its interaction with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Our data suggest the existence of a new potential heme/hemin binding site in the structure of the mitoBKCa channel located on the mitochondrial intermembrane space side, which could constitute a new way for the regulation of mitoBKCa channel activity.
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12
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Roumenina LT, Dimitrov JD. Assessment of the breadth of binding promiscuity of heme towards human proteins. Biol Chem 2022; 403:1083-1090. [PMID: 36254402 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heme regulates important biological processes by transient interactions with many human proteins. The goal of the present study was to assess extends of protein binding promiscuity of heme. To this end we evaluated interaction of heme with >9000 human proteins. Heme manifested high binding promiscuity by binding to most of the proteins in the array. Nevertheless, some proteins have outstanding heme binding capacity. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that apart from typical haemoproteins, these proteins are frequently involved in metal binding or have the potential to recognize DNA. This study can contribute for understanding the regulatory functions of labile heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
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13
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Gessner G, Jamili M, Tomczyk P, Menche D, Schönherr R, Hoshi T, Heinemann SH. Extracellular hemin is a reverse use-dependent gating modifier of cardiac voltage-gated Na + channels. Biol Chem 2022; 403:1067-1081. [PMID: 36038266 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme (Fe2+-protoporphyrin IX) is a well-known protein prosthetic group; however, heme and hemin (Fe3+-protoporphyrin IX) are also increasingly viewed as signaling molecules. Among the signaling targets are numerous ion channels, with intracellular-facing heme-binding sites modulated by heme and hemin in the sub-µM range. Much less is known about extracellular hemin, which is expected to be more abundant, in particular after hemolytic insults. Here we show that the human cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel hNaV1.5 is potently inhibited by extracellular hemin (IC 50 ≈ 80 nM), while heme, dimethylhemin, and protoporphyrin IX are ineffective. Hemin is selective for hNaV1.5 channels: hNaV1.2, hNaV1.4, hNaV1.7, and hNaV1.8 are insensitive to 1 µM hemin. Using domain chimeras of hNaV1.5 and rat rNaV1.2, domain II was identified as the critical determinant. Mutation N803G in the domain II S3/S4 linker largely diminished the impact of hemin on the cardiac channel. This profile is reminiscent of the interaction of some peptide voltage-sensor toxins with NaV channels. In line with a mechanism of select gating modifiers, the impact of hemin on NaV1.5 channels is reversely use dependent, compatible with an interaction of hemin and the voltage sensor of domain II. Extracellular hemin thus has potential to modulate the cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gessner
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mahdi Jamili
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomczyk
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Roland Schönherr
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Toshinori Hoshi
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085, USA
| | - Stefan H Heinemann
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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14
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Intracellular hemin is a potent inhibitor of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv10.1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14645. [PMID: 36030326 PMCID: PMC9420133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme, an iron-protoporphyrin IX complex, is a cofactor bound to various hemoproteins and supports a broad range of functions, such as electron transfer, oxygen transport, signal transduction, and drug metabolism. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of heme as a non-genomic modulator of ion channel functions. Here, we show that intracellular free heme and hemin modulate human ether à go-go (hEAG1, Kv10.1) voltage-gated potassium channels. Application of hemin to the intracellular side potently inhibits Kv10.1 channels with an IC50 of about 4 nM under ambient and 63 nM under reducing conditions in a weakly voltage-dependent manner, favoring inhibition at resting potential. Functional studies on channel mutants and biochemical analysis of synthetic and recombinant channel fragments identified a heme-binding motif CxHx8H in the C-linker region of the Kv10.1 C terminus, with cysteine 541 and histidines 543 and 552 being important for hemin binding. Binding of hemin to the C linker may induce a conformational constraint that interferes with channel gating. Our results demonstrate that heme and hemin are endogenous modulators of Kv10.1 channels and could be exploited to modulate Kv10.1-mediated cellular functions.
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15
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Yuan Z, De La Cruz LK, Yang X, Wang B. Carbon Monoxide Signaling: Examining Its Engagement with Various Molecular Targets in the Context of Binding Affinity, Concentration, and Biologic Response. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:823-873. [PMID: 35738683 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been firmly established as an endogenous signaling molecule with a variety of pathophysiological and pharmacological functions, including immunomodulation, organ protection, and circadian clock regulation, among many others. In terms of its molecular mechanism(s) of action, CO is known to bind to a large number of hemoproteins with at least 25 identified targets, including hemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome P450, soluble guanylyl cyclase, myeloperoxidase, and some ion channels with dissociation constant values spanning the range of sub-nM to high μM. Although CO's binding affinity with a large number of targets has been extensively studied and firmly established, there is a pressing need to incorporate such binding information into the analysis of CO's biologic response in the context of affinity and dosage. Especially important is to understand the reservoir role of hemoglobin in CO storage, transport, distribution, and transfer. We critically review the literature and inject a sense of quantitative assessment into our analyses of the various relationships among binding affinity, CO concentration, target occupancy level, and anticipated pharmacological actions. We hope that this review presents a picture of the overall landscape of CO's engagement with various targets, stimulates additional research, and helps to move the CO field in the direction of examining individual targets in the context of all of the targets and the concentration of available CO. We believe that such work will help the further understanding of the relationship of CO concentration and its pathophysiological functions and the eventual development of CO-based therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The further development of carbon monoxide (CO) as a therapeutic agent will significantly rely on the understanding of CO's engagement with therapeutically relevant targets of varying affinity. This review critically examines the literature by quantitatively analyzing the intricate relationships among targets, target affinity for CO, CO level, and the affinity state of carboxyhemoglobin and provide a holistic approach to examining the molecular mechanism(s) of action for CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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16
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Kondo HX, Kanematsu Y, Takano Y. Structure of Heme-binding Pocket in Heme Protein is Generally Rigid and can be Predicted by AlphaFold2. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko X. Kondo
- Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan
- Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanematsu
- Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan
- Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yu Takano
- Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan
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17
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Walewska A, Szewczyk A, Krajewska M, Koprowski P. Targeting mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel by hydrogen sulfide via heme-binding site. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:137-150. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Fleischhacker AS, Sarkar A, Liu L, Ragsdale SW. Regulation of protein function and degradation by heme, heme responsive motifs, and CO. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:16-47. [PMID: 34517731 PMCID: PMC8966953 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1961674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heme is an essential biomolecule and cofactor involved in a myriad of biological processes. In this review, we focus on how heme binding to heme regulatory motifs (HRMs), catalytic sites, and gas signaling molecules as well as how changes in the heme redox state regulate protein structure, function, and degradation. We also relate these heme-dependent changes to the affected metabolic processes. We center our discussion on two HRM-containing proteins: human heme oxygenase-2, a protein that binds and degrades heme (releasing Fe2+ and CO) in its catalytic core and binds Fe3+-heme at HRMs located within an unstructured region of the enzyme, and the transcriptional regulator Rev-erbβ, a protein that binds Fe3+-heme at an HRM and is involved in CO sensing. We will discuss these and other proteins as they relate to cellular heme composition, homeostasis, and trafficking. In addition, we will discuss the HRM-containing family of proteins and how the stability and activity of these proteins are regulated in a dependent manner through the HRMs. Then, after reviewing CO-mediated protein regulation of heme proteins, we turn our attention to the involvement of heme, HRMs, and CO in circadian rhythms. In sum, we stress the importance of understanding the various roles of heme and the distribution of the different heme pools as they relate to the heme redox state, CO, and heme binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S. Fleischhacker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anindita Sarkar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen W. Ragsdale
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Krüger A, Keppel M, Sharma V, Frunzke J. The diversity of heme sensor systems - heme-responsive transcriptional regulation mediated by transient heme protein interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6506450. [PMID: 35026033 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is a versatile molecule that is vital for nearly all cellular life by serving as prosthetic group for various enzymes or as nutritional iron source for diverse microbial species. However, elevated levels of heme molecule are toxic to cells. The complexity of this stimulus has shaped the evolution of diverse heme sensor systems, which are involved in heme-dependent transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The functions of these systems are manifold - ranging from the specific control of heme detoxification or uptake systems to the global integration of heme and iron homeostasis. This review focuses on heme sensor systems, regulating heme homeostasis by transient heme protein interaction. We provide an overview of known heme-binding motifs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription factors. Besides the central ligands, the surrounding amino acid environment was shown to play a pivotal role in heme binding. The diversity of heme-regulatory systems therefore illustrates that prediction based on pure sequence information is hardly possible and requires careful experimental validation. Comprehensive understanding of heme-regulated processes is not only important for our understanding of cellular physiology, but also provides a basis for the development of novel antibacterial drugs and metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Krüger
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1, IBG1, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Keppel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1, IBG1, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1, IBG1, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia Frunzke
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1, IBG1, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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20
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Ochoa SV, Otero L, Aristizabal-Pachon AF, Hinostroza F, Carvacho I, Torres YP. Hypoxic Regulation of the Large-Conductance, Calcium and Voltage-Activated Potassium Channel, BK. Front Physiol 2022; 12:780206. [PMID: 35002762 PMCID: PMC8727448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.780206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition characterized by a reduction of cellular oxygen levels derived from alterations in oxygen balance. Hypoxic events trigger changes in cell-signaling cascades, oxidative stress, activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, and growth factors, influencing the activity of various ion channel families and leading to diverse cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hypertension. The large-conductance, calcium and voltage-activated potassium channel (BK) has a central role in the mechanism of oxygen (O2) sensing and its activity has been related to the hypoxic response. BK channels are ubiquitously expressed, and they are composed by the pore-forming α subunit and the regulatory subunits β (β1–β4), γ (γ1–γ4), and LINGO1. The modification of biophysical properties of BK channels by β subunits underly a myriad of physiological function of these proteins. Hypoxia induces tissue-specific modifications of BK channel α and β subunits expression. Moreover, hypoxia modifies channel activation kinetics and voltage and/or calcium dependence. The reported effects on the BK channel properties are associated with events such as the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases of intracellular Calcium ([Ca2+]i), the regulation by Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and the interaction with hemeproteins. Bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), among others, can provoke hypoxia. Untreated OSA patients showed a decrease in BK-β1 subunit mRNA levels and high arterial tension. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) upregulated β1 subunit mRNA level, decreased arterial pressures, and improved endothelial function coupled with a reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with OSA. These reports suggest that the BK channel has a role in the response involved in hypoxia-associated hypertension derived from OSA. Thus, this review aims to describe the mechanisms involved in the BK channel activation after a hypoxic stimulus and their relationship with disorders like OSA. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in hypoxic response may help in the therapeutic approaches to treat the pathological processes associated with diseases involving cellular hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Ochoa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Semillero de Investigación, Biofísica y Fisiología de Canales Iónicos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Liliana Otero
- Center of Dental Research Dentistry Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Fernando Hinostroza
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, CIEAM, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ingrid Carvacho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Yolima P Torres
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Semillero de Investigación, Biofísica y Fisiología de Canales Iónicos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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21
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Wrzosek A, Gałecka S, Żochowska M, Olszewska A, Kulawiak B. Alternative Targets for Modulators of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Molecules 2022; 27:299. [PMID: 35011530 PMCID: PMC8746388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium channels control potassium influx into the mitochondrial matrix and thus regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, volume, respiration, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been found that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial potassium channels during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury activates cytoprotective mechanisms resulting in increased cell survival. In cancer cells, the inhibition of these channels leads to increased cell death. Therefore, mitochondrial potassium channels are intriguing targets for the development of new pharmacological strategies. In most cases, however, the substances that modulate the mitochondrial potassium channels have a few alternative targets in the cell. This may result in unexpected or unwanted effects induced by these compounds. In our review, we briefly present the various classes of mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels and describe the chemical compounds that modulate their activity. We also describe examples of the multidirectional activity of the activators and inhibitors of mitochondrial potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Wrzosek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Shur Gałecka
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Monika Żochowska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Anna Olszewska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1a Debinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
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22
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Goodfellow BJ, Freire F, Carvalho AL, Aveiro SS, Charbonnier P, Moulis JM, Delgado L, Ferreira GC, Rodrigues JE, Poussin-Courmontagne P, Birck C, McEwen A, Macedo AL. The SOUL family of heme-binding proteins: Structure and function 15 years later. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Sancho M, Kyle BD. The Large-Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel: A Big Key Regulator of Cell Physiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750615. [PMID: 34744788 PMCID: PMC8567177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels facilitate the efflux of K+ ions from a variety of cells and tissues following channel activation. It is now recognized that BK channels undergo a wide range of pre- and post-translational modifications that can dramatically alter their properties and function. This has downstream consequences in affecting cell and tissue excitability, and therefore, function. While finding the “silver bullet” in terms of clinical therapy has remained elusive, ongoing research is providing an impressive range of viable candidate proteins and mechanisms that associate with and modulate BK channel activity, respectively. Here, we provide the hallmarks of BK channel structure and function generally, and discuss important milestones in the efforts to further elucidate the diverse properties of BK channels in its many forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Barry D Kyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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24
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Guntur D, Olschewski H, Enyedi P, Csáki R, Olschewski A, Nagaraj C. Revisiting the Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium (BKCa) Channels in the Pulmonary Circulation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1629. [PMID: 34827626 PMCID: PMC8615660 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium ion concentrations, controlled by ion pumps and potassium channels, predominantly govern a cell's membrane potential and the tone in the vessels. Calcium-activated potassium channels respond to two different stimuli-changes in voltage and/or changes in intracellular free calcium. Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels assemble from pore forming and various modulatory and auxiliary subunits. They are of vital significance due to their very high unitary conductance and hence their ability to rapidly cause extreme changes in the membrane potential. The pathophysiology of lung diseases in general and pulmonary hypertension, in particular, show the implication of either decreased expression and partial inactivation of BKCa channel and its subunits or mutations in the genes encoding different subunits of the channel. Signaling molecules, circulating humoral molecules, vasorelaxant agents, etc., have an influence on the open probability of the channel in pulmonary arterial vascular cells. BKCa channel is a possible therapeutic target, aimed to cause vasodilation in constricted or chronically stiffened vessels, as shown in various animal models. This review is a comprehensive collation of studies on BKCa channels in the pulmonary circulation under hypoxia (hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; HPV), lung pathology, and fetal to neonatal transition, emphasising pharmacological interventions as viable therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Guntur
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Péter Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (P.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Réka Csáki
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (P.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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25
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Gallio A, Fung SSP, Cammack-Najera A, Hudson AJ, Raven EL. Understanding the Logistics for the Distribution of Heme in Cells. JACS AU 2021; 1:1541-1555. [PMID: 34723258 PMCID: PMC8549057 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heme is essential for the survival of virtually all living systems-from bacteria, fungi, and yeast, through plants to animals. No eukaryote has been identified that can survive without heme. There are thousands of different proteins that require heme in order to function properly, and these are responsible for processes such as oxygen transport, electron transfer, oxidative stress response, respiration, and catalysis. Further to this, in the past few years, heme has been shown to have an important regulatory role in cells, in processes such as transcription, regulation of the circadian clock, and the gating of ion channels. To act in a regulatory capacity, heme needs to move from its place of synthesis (in mitochondria) to other locations in cells. But while there is detailed information on how the heme lifecycle begins (heme synthesis), and how it ends (heme degradation), what happens in between is largely a mystery. Here we summarize recent information on the quantification of heme in cells, and we present a discussion of a mechanistic framework that could meet the logistical challenge of heme distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea
E. Gallio
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Simon S.-P. Fung
- Department
of Chemistry and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Ana Cammack-Najera
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Hudson
- Department
of Chemistry and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Emma L. Raven
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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26
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Palmaers NE, Wiegand SB, Herzog C, Echtermeyer FG, Eberhardt MJ, Leffler A. Distinct Mechanisms Account for In Vitro Activation and Sensitization of TRPV1 by the Porphyrin Hemin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910856. [PMID: 34639197 PMCID: PMC8509749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 mediates pain occurring during sickling episodes in sickle cell disease (SCD). We examined if hemin, a porphyrin released during intravascular hemolysis modulates TRPV1. Calcium imaging and patch clamp were employed to examine effects of hemin on mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and HEK293t cells expressing TRPV1 and TRPA1. Hemin induced a concentration-dependent calcium influx in DRG neurons which was abolished by the unspecific TRP-channel inhibitor ruthenium red. The selective TRPV1-inhibitor BCTC or genetic deletion of TRPV1 only marginally impaired hemin-induced calcium influx in DRG neurons. While hTRPV1 expressed in HEK293 cells mediated a hemin-induced calcium influx which was blocked by BCTC, patch clamp recordings only showed potentiated proton- and heat-evoked currents. This effect was abolished by the PKC-inhibitor chelerythrine chloride and in protein kinase C (PKC)-insensitive TRPV1-mutants. Hemin-induced calcium influx through TRPV1 was only partly PKC-sensitive, but it was abolished by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). In contrast, hemin-induced potentiation of inward currents was not reduced by DTT. Hemin also induced a redox-dependent calcium influx, but not inward currents on hTRPA1. Our data suggest that hemin induces a PKC-mediated sensitization of TRPV1. However, it also acts as a photosensitizer when exposed to UVA-light used for calcium imaging. The resulting activation of redox-sensitive ion channels such as TRPV1 and TRPA1 may be an in vitro artifact with limited physiological relevance.
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27
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Rapozzi V, Juarranz A, Habib A, Ihan A, Strgar R. Is haem the real target of COVID-19? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102381. [PMID: 34119708 PMCID: PMC8192263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although a vaccination campaign has been launched in many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic is not under control. The main concern is the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, it is important to find approaches to prevent or reduce the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. Currently, the mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Considering the clinical effects that occur during the disease, attacking the human respiratory and hematopoietic systems, and the changes in biochemical parameters (including decreases in haemoglobin [Hb] levels and increases in serum ferritin), it is clear that iron metabolism is involved. SARS-CoV-2 induces haemolysis and interacts with Hb molecules via ACE2, CD147, CD26, and other receptors located on erythrocytes and/or blood cell precursors that produce dysfunctional Hb. A molecular docking study has reported a potential link between the virus and the beta chain of haemoglobin and attack on haem. Considering that haem is involved in miRNA processing by binding to the DGCR8-DROSHA complex, we hypothesised that the virus may check this mechanism and thwart the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Strgar
- Institution of Applicative Biophotonics, Technological Park Ljubljana, Slovenia
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28
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Iturriaga R, Alcayaga J, Chapleau MW, Somers VK. Carotid body chemoreceptors: physiology, pathology, and implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1177-1235. [PMID: 33570461 PMCID: PMC8526340 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2 and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to maintain homeostasis. This review examines the fundamental biology underlying CB chemoreceptor function, its contribution to integrated physiological responses, and its role in maintaining health and potentiating disease. Emphasis is placed on 1) transduction mechanisms in chemoreceptor (type I) cells, highlighting the role played by the hypoxic inhibition of O2-dependent K+ channels and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and their modification by intracellular molecules and other ion channels; 2) synaptic mechanisms linking type I cells and petrosal nerve terminals, focusing on the role played by the main proposed transmitters and modulatory gases, and the participation of glial cells in regulation of the chemosensory process; 3) integrated reflex responses to CB activation, emphasizing that the responses differ dramatically depending on the nature of the physiological, pathological, or environmental challenges, and the interactions of the chemoreceptor reflex with other reflexes in optimizing oxygen delivery to the tissues; and 4) the contribution of enhanced CB chemosensory discharge to autonomic and cardiorespiratory pathophysiology in obstructive sleep apnea, congestive heart failure, resistant hypertension, and metabolic diseases and how modulation of enhanced CB reactivity in disease conditions may attenuate pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, and Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Julio Alcayaga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mark W Chapleau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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29
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Kulawiak B, Bednarczyk P, Szewczyk A. Multidimensional Regulation of Cardiac Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Cells 2021; 10:1554. [PMID: 34205420 PMCID: PMC8235349 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a fundamental role in the energetics of cardiac cells. Moreover, mitochondria are involved in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore which is the major cause of cell death. The preservation of mitochondrial function is an essential component of the cardioprotective mechanism. The involvement of mitochondrial K+ transport in this complex phenomenon seems to be well established. Several mitochondrial K+ channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane, such as ATP-sensitive, voltage-regulated, calcium-activated and Na+-activated channels, have been discovered. This obliges us to ask the following question: why is the simple potassium ion influx process carried out by several different mitochondrial potassium channels? In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of both the properties of mitochondrial potassium channels in cardiac mitochondria and the current understanding of their multidimensional functional role. We also critically summarize the pharmacological modulation of these proteins within the context of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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30
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Yoo HY, Kim SJ. Oxygen-dependent regulation of ion channels: acute responses, post-translational modification, and response to chronic hypoxia. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1589-1602. [PMID: 34142209 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is a vital element for the survival of cells in multicellular aerobic organisms such as mammals. Lack of O2 availability caused by environmental or pathological conditions leads to hypoxia. Active oxygen distribution systems (pulmonary and circulatory) and their neural control mechanisms ensure that cells and tissues remain oxygenated. However, O2-carrying blood cells as well as immune and various parenchymal cells experience wide variations in partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in vivo. Hence, the reactive modulation of the functions of the oxygen distribution systems and their ability to sense PO2 are critical. Elucidating the physiological responses of cells to variations in PO2 and determining the PO2-sensing mechanisms at the biomolecular level have attracted considerable research interest in the field of physiology. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding ion channel-dependent oxygen sensing and associated signalling pathways in mammals. First, we present the recent findings on O2-sensing ion channels in representative chemoreceptor cells as well as in other types of cells such as immune cells. Furthermore, we highlight the transcriptional regulation of ion channels under chronic hypoxia and its physiological implications and summarize the findings of studies on the post-translational modification of ion channels under hypoxic or ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Abstract
Nitric oxide, studied to evaluate its role in cardiovascular physiology, has cardioprotective and therapeutic effects in cellular signaling, mitochondrial function, and in regulating inflammatory processes. Heme oxygenase (major role in catabolism of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron) has similar effects as well. CO has been suggested as the molecule that is responsible for many of the above mentioned cytoprotective and therapeutic pathways as CO is a signaling molecule in the control of physiological functions. This is counterintuitive as toxic effects are related to its binding to hemoglobin. However, CO is normally produced in the body. Experimental evidence indicates that this toxic gas, CO, exerts cytoprotective properties related to cellular stress including the heart and is being assessed for its cytoprotective and cytotherapeutic properties. While survival of adult cardiomyocytes depends on oxidative phosphorylation (survival and resulting cardiac function is impaired by mitochondrial damage), mitochondrial biogenesis is modified by the heme oxygenase-1/CO system and can result in promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis by associating mitochondrial redox status to the redox-active transcription factors. It has been suggested that the heme oxygenase-1/CO system is important in differentiation of embryonic stem cells and maturation of cardiomyocytes which is thought to mitigate progression of degenerative cardiovascular diseases. Effects on other cardiac cells are being studied. Acute exposure to air pollution (and, therefore, CO) is associated with cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, but changes in the endogenous heme oxygenase-1 system (and, thereby, CO) positively affect cardiovascular health. We will review the effect of CO on heart health and function in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Mahan
- Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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32
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Gałecka S, Kulawiak B, Bednarczyk P, Singh H, Szewczyk A. Single channel properties of mitochondrial large conductance potassium channel formed by BK-VEDEC splice variant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10925. [PMID: 34035423 PMCID: PMC8149700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of mitochondrial large conductance calcium-activated potassium (mitoBKCa) channels increases cell survival during ischemia/reperfusion injury of cardiac cells. The basic biophysical and pharmacological properties of mitoBKCa correspond to the properties of the BKCa channels from the plasma membrane. It has been suggested that the VEDEC splice variant of the KCNMA1 gene product encoding plasma membrane BKCa is targeted toward mitochondria. However there has been no direct evidence that this protein forms a functional channel in mitochondria. In our study, we used HEK293T cells to express the VEDEC splice variant and observed channel activity in mitochondria using the mitoplast patch-clamp technique. For the first time, we found that transient expression with the VEDEC isoform resulted in channel activity with the conductance of 290 ± 3 pS. The channel was voltage-dependent and activated by calcium ions. Moreover, the activity of the channel was stimulated by the potassium channel opener NS11021 and inhibited by hemin and paxilline, which are known BKCa channel blockers. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed the partial colocalization of the channel within the mitochondria. From these results, we conclude that the VEDEC isoform of the BKCa channel forms a functional channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Additionally, our data show that HEK293T cells are a promising experimental model for expression and electrophysiological studies of mitochondrial potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shur Gałecka
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Nishinaga M, Sugimoto H, Nishitani Y, Nagai S, Nagatoishi S, Muraki N, Tosha T, Tsumoto K, Aono S, Shiro Y, Sawai H. Heme controls the structural rearrangement of its sensor protein mediating the hemolytic bacterial survival. Commun Biol 2021; 4:467. [PMID: 33850260 PMCID: PMC8044140 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemes (iron-porphyrins) are critical for biological processes in all organisms. Hemolytic bacteria survive by acquiring b-type heme from hemoglobin in red blood cells from their animal hosts. These bacteria avoid the cytotoxicity of excess heme during hemolysis by expressing heme-responsive sensor proteins that act as transcriptional factors to regulate the heme efflux system in response to the cellular heme concentration. Here, the underlying regulatory mechanisms were investigated using crystallographic, spectroscopic, and biochemical studies to understand the structural basis of the heme-responsive sensor protein PefR from Streptococcus agalactiae, a causative agent of neonatal life-threatening infections. Structural comparison of heme-free PefR, its complex with a target DNA, and heme-bound PefR revealed that unique heme coordination controls a >20 Å structural rearrangement of the DNA binding domains to dissociate PefR from the target DNA. We also found heme-bound PefR stably binds exogenous ligands, including carbon monoxide, a by-product of the heme degradation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishinaga
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan ,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo Japan
| | - Yudai Nishitani
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Seina Nagai
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Norifumi Muraki
- grid.250358.90000 0000 9137 6732Institute of Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Takehiko Tosha
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan ,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Aono
- grid.250358.90000 0000 9137 6732Institute of Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Shiro
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hitomi Sawai
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan ,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo Japan
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34
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Detzel MS, Schmalohr BF, Steinbock F, Hopp MT, Ramoji A, Paul George AA, Neugebauer U, Imhof D. Revisiting the interaction of heme with hemopexin. Biol Chem 2021; 402:675-691. [PMID: 33581700 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In hemolytic disorders, erythrocyte lysis results in massive release of hemoglobin and, subsequently, toxic heme. Hemopexin is the major protective factor against heme toxicity in human blood and currently considered for therapeutic use. It has been widely accepted that hemopexin binds heme with extraordinarily high affinity of <1 pM in a 1:1 ratio. However, several lines of evidence point to a higher stoichiometry and lower affinity than determined 50 years ago. Here, we re-analyzed these data. SPR and UV/Vis spectroscopy were used to monitor the interaction of heme with the human protein. The heme-binding sites of hemopexin were characterized using hemopexin-derived peptide models and competitive displacement assays. We obtained a K D value of 0.32 ± 0.04 nM and the ratio for the interaction was determined to be 1:1 at low heme concentrations and at least 2:1 (heme:hemopexin) at high concentrations. We were able to identify two yet unknown potential heme-binding sites on hemopexin. Furthermore, molecular modelling with a newly created homology model of human hemopexin suggested a possible recruiting mechanism by which heme could consecutively bind several histidine residues on its way into the binding pocket. Our findings have direct implications for the potential administration of hemopexin in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sophie Detzel
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Franz Schmalohr
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121Bonn, Germany
| | - Francèl Steinbock
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Thérèse Hopp
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121Bonn, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, D-07747Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745Jena, Germany
| | - Ajay Abisheck Paul George
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, D-07747Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121Bonn, Germany
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35
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Chiabrando D, Fiorito V, Petrillo S, Bertino F, Tolosano E. HEME: a neglected player in nociception? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:124-136. [PMID: 33545213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of pain, current management of pain syndromes is still unsatisfactory. The recent discovery of novel pathways associated with pain insensitivity in humans represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge on the pathophysiology of pain. Heme metabolism recently emerged as a crucial regulator of nociception. Of note, alteration of heme metabolism has been associated with pain insensitivity as well as with acute and chronic pain in porphyric neuropathy and hemolytic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms linking heme to the pain pathways still remain unclear. The review focuses on the major heme-regulated processes relevant for sensory neurons' maintenance, peripheral and central sensitization as well as for pain comorbidities, like anxiety and depression. By discussing the body of knowledge on the topic, we provide a novel perspective on the molecular mechanisms linking heme to nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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36
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Emerging Role of Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2780-2791. [PMID: 33501625 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), giving rise to increased morbidity and mortality. It's difficult to identify patients at high risk of epilepsy and the application of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) following SAH is a controversial topic. Therefore, it's pressingly needed to gain a better understanding of the risk factors, underlying mechanisms and the optimization of therapeutic strategies for epilepsy after SAH. Neuroinflammation, characterized by microglial activation and the release of inflammatory cytokines, has drawn growing attention due to its influence on patients with epilepsy after SAH. In this review, we discuss the risk factors for epilepsy after SAH and emphasize the critical role of microglia. Then we discuss how various molecules arising from pathophysiological changes after SAH activate specific receptors such as TLR4, NLRP3, RAGE, P2X7R and initiate the downstream inflammatory pathways. Additionally, we focus on the significant responses implicated in epilepsy including neuronal excitotoxicity, the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the change of immune responses. As the application of AEDs for seizure prophylaxis after SAH remains controversial, the regulation of neuroinflammation targeting the key pathological molecules could be a promising therapeutic method. While neuroinflammation appears to contribute to epilepsy after SAH, more comprehensive experiments on their relationships are needed.
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37
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Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Trybek P, Borys P, Dworakowska B, Machura Ł, Bednarczyk P. Differences in Gating Dynamics of BK Channels in Cellular and Mitochondrial Membranes from Human Glioblastoma Cells Unraveled by Short- and Long-Range Correlations Analysis. Cells 2020; 9:E2305. [PMID: 33076484 PMCID: PMC7602617 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) are encoded in humans by the Kcnma1 gene. Nevertheless, BK channel isoforms in different locations can exhibit functional heterogeneity mainly due to the alternative splicing during the Kcnma1 gene transcription. Here, we would like to examine the existence of dynamic diversity of BK channels from the inner mitochondrial and cellular membrane from human glioblastoma (U-87 MG). Not only the standard characteristics of the spontaneous switching between the functional states of the channel is discussed, but we put a special emphasis on the presence and strength of correlations within the signal describing the single-channel activity. The considered short- and long-range memory effects are here analyzed as they can be interpreted in terms of the complexity of the switching mechanism between stable conformational states of the channel. We calculate the dependencies of mean dwell-times of (conducting/non-conducting) states on the duration of the previous state, Hurst exponents by the rescaled range R/S method and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and use the multifractal extension of the DFA (MFDFA) for the series describing single-channel activity. The obtained results unraveled statistically significant diversity in gating machinery between the mitochondrial and cellular BK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Paulina Trybek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Borys
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Beata Dworakowska
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (B.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Łukasz Machura
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (B.D.); (P.B.)
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38
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Gessner G, Rühl P, Westerhausen M, Hoshi T, Heinemann SH. Fe 2+-Mediated Activation of BK Ca Channels by Rapid Photolysis of CORM-S1 Releasing CO and Fe 2. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2098-2106. [PMID: 32667185 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme catabolism by heme oxygenase (HO) with a decrease in intracellular heme concentration and a concomitant local release of CO and Fe2+ has the potential to regulate BKCa channels. Here, we show that the iron-based photolabile CO-releasing molecule CORM-S1 [dicarbonyl-bis(cysteamine)iron(II)] coreleases CO and Fe2+, making it a suitable light-triggered source of these downstream products of HO activity. To investigate the impact of CO, iron, and cysteamine on BKCa channel activation, human Slo1 (hSlo1) was expressed in HEK293T cells and studied with electrophysiological methods. Whereas hSlo1 channels are activated by CO and even more strongly by Fe2+, Fe3+ and cysteamine possess only marginal activating potency. Investigation of hSlo1 mutants revealed that Fe2+ modulates the channels mainly through the Mg2+-dependent activation mechanism. Flash photolysis of CORM-S1 suits for rapid and precise delivery of Fe2+ and CO in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gessner
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Rühl
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Toshinori Hoshi
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States
| | - Stefan H. Heinemann
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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39
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Szteyn K, Singh H. BK Ca Channels as Targets for Cardioprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080760. [PMID: 32824463 PMCID: PMC7463653 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated K+ channel (BKCa) are encoded by the Kcnma1 gene. They are ubiquitously expressed in neuronal, smooth muscle, astrocytes, and neuroendocrine cells where they are known to play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. They are usually localized to the plasma membrane of the majority of the cells with an exception of adult cardiomyocytes, where BKCa is known to localize to mitochondria. BKCa channels couple calcium and voltage responses in the cell, which places them as unique targets for a rapid physiological response. The expression and activity of BKCa have been linked to several cardiovascular, muscular, and neurological defects, making them a key therapeutic target. Specifically in the heart muscle, pharmacological and genetic activation of BKCa channels protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury and also facilitate cardioprotection rendered by ischemic preconditioning. The mechanism involved in cardioprotection is assigned to the modulation of mitochondrial functions, such as regulation of mitochondrial calcium, reactive oxygen species, and membrane potential. Here, we review the progress made on BKCa channels and cardioprotection and explore their potential roles as therapeutic targets for preventing acute myocardial infarction.
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40
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Direct and indirect cholesterol effects on membrane proteins with special focus on potassium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Burton MJ, Cresser-Brown J, Thomas M, Portolano N, Basran J, Freeman SL, Kwon H, Bottrill AR, Llansola-Portoles MJ, Pascal AA, Jukes-Jones R, Chernova T, Schmid R, Davies NW, Storey NM, Dorlet P, Moody PCE, Mitcheson JS, Raven EL. Discovery of a heme-binding domain in a neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13277-13286. [PMID: 32723862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The EAG (ether-à-go-go) family of voltage-gated K+ channels are important regulators of neuronal and cardiac action potential firing (excitability) and have major roles in human diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, cancer, and sudden cardiac death. A defining feature of EAG (Kv10-12) channels is a highly conserved domain on the N terminus, known as the eag domain, consisting of a Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain capped by a short sequence containing an amphipathic helix (Cap domain). The PAS and Cap domains are both vital for the normal function of EAG channels. Using heme-affinity pulldown assays and proteomics of lysates from primary cortical neurons, we identified that an EAG channel, hERG3 (Kv11.3), binds to heme. In whole-cell electrophysiology experiments, we identified that heme inhibits hERG3 channel activity. In addition, we expressed the Cap and PAS domain of hERG3 in Escherichia coli and, using spectroscopy and kinetics, identified the PAS domain as the location for heme binding. The results identify heme as a regulator of hERG3 channel activity. These observations are discussed in the context of the emerging role for heme as a regulator of ion channel activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Morgan Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Portolano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel L Freeman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Kwon
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Bottrill
- Protein Nucleic Acid Chemistry Laboratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rebekah Jukes-Jones
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana Chernova
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Schmid
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Noel W Davies
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nina M Storey
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Dorlet
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Laboratoire de Bioenergetique et d'Ingenierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | - Peter C E Moody
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - John S Mitcheson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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42
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Genomic Tools for the Conservation and Genetic Improvement of a Highly Fragmented Breed-The Ramo Grande Cattle from the Azores. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061089. [PMID: 32599723 PMCID: PMC7341246 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inbreeding control is a key concern in managing local endangered breeds, which often have developed unique adaptation features. Ramo Grande is a local cattle breed raised in the Azores archipelago under very harsh conditions, with a census of about 1300 cows dispersed by various islands. This fragmentation is a challenge when the goal is to keep inbreeding under control. Currently, panels of genetic markers are available which enable the assessment of inbreeding and the occurrence of previous bottlenecks in a population. These panels also allow the identification of genes associated with specific production traits, if reliable phenotypic information is available. We used a panel of genetic markers and estimated that the degree of inbreeding was approaching a level of concern, while some exotic gene inflow may have occurred in the past. We were able to identify genetic markers significantly associated with longevity, which reflects the ability of these cattle to remain productive under severe environmental conditions. Genetic markers were also identified as significantly associated with age at first calving and calf growth rate. The results indicate that genomic information can be used to control inbreeding and to implement genomic selection in Ramo Grande cattle to enhance adaptation and production traits. Abstract Ramo Grande is a local cattle breed raised in the archipelago of Azores, with a small and dispersed census, where inbreeding control is of utmost importance. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Beadchip array was used to assess inbreeding, by analysis of genomic regions harboring contiguous homozygous genotypes named runs of homozygosity (ROH), and to estimate past effective population size by analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Genetic markers associated with production traits were also investigated, exploiting the unique genetic and adaptation features of this breed. A total of 639 ROH with length >4 Mb were identified, with mean length of 14.96 Mb. The mean genomic inbreeding was 0.09, and long segments of ROH were common, indicating recent inbred matings. The LD pattern indicates a large effective population size, suggesting the inflow of exotic germplasm in the past. The genome-wide association study identified novel markers significantly affecting longevity, age at first calving and direct genetic effects on calf weight. These results provide the first evidence of the association of longevity with genes related with DNA recognition and repair, and the association of age at first calving with aquaporin proteins, which are known to have a crucial role in reproduction.
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43
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Hugelshofer M, Buzzi RM, Schaer CA, Richter H, Akeret K, Anagnostakou V, Mahmoudi L, Vaccani R, Vallelian F, Deuel JW, Kronen PW, Kulcsar Z, Regli L, Baek JH, Pires IS, Palmer AF, Dennler M, Humar R, Buehler PW, Kircher PR, Keller E, Schaer DJ. Haptoglobin administration into the subarachnoid space prevents hemoglobin-induced cerebral vasospasm. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5219-5235. [PMID: 31454333 DOI: 10.1172/jci130630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) is a major driver of adverse outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), defining an unmet need for therapeutic development. Cell-free hemoglobin that is released from erythrocytes into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is suggested to cause vasoconstriction and neuronal toxicity, and correlates with the occurrence of DIND. Cell-free hemoglobin in the CSF of patients with aSAH disrupted dilatory NO signaling ex vivo in cerebral arteries, which shifted vascular tone balance from dilation to constriction. We found that selective removal of hemoglobin from patient CSF with a haptoglobin-affinity column or its sequestration in a soluble hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex was sufficient to restore physiological vascular responses. In a sheep model, administration of haptoglobin into the CSF inhibited hemoglobin-induced cerebral vasospasm and preserved vascular NO signaling. We identified 2 pathways of hemoglobin delocalization from CSF into the brain parenchyma and into the NO-sensitive compartment of small cerebral arteries. Both pathways were critical for hemoglobin toxicity and were interrupted by the large hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex that inhibited spatial requirements for hemoglobin reactions with NO in tissues. Collectively, our data show that compartmentalization of hemoglobin by haptoglobin provides a novel framework for innovation aimed at reducing hemoglobin-driven neurological damage after subarachnoid bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hugelshofer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael M Buzzi
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian A Schaer
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Akeret
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vania Anagnostakou
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leila Mahmoudi
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Vaccani
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florence Vallelian
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy W Deuel
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter W Kronen
- Veterinary Anaesthesia Services - International, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Kulcsar
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Regli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Hyen Baek
- Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rok Humar
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick R Kircher
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Keller
- Neurointensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J Schaer
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Signaling pathways targeting mitochondrial potassium channels. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 125:105792. [PMID: 32574707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe key signaling pathways regulating potassium channels present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The signaling cascades covered here include phosphorylation, redox reactions, modulation by calcium ions and nucleotides. The following types of potassium channels have been identified in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various tissues: ATP-sensitive, Ca2+-activated, voltage-gated and two-pore domain potassium channels. The direct roles of these channels involve regulation of mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in channel activity lead to diverse pro-life and pro-death responses in different cell types. Hence, characterizing the signaling pathways regulating mitochondrial potassium channels will facilitate understanding the physiological role of these proteins. Additionally, we describe in this paper certain regulatory mechanisms, which are unique to mitochondrial potassium channels.
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45
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Reactive species generated by heme impair alveolar epithelial sodium channel function in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101592. [PMID: 32506040 PMCID: PMC7276446 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the highly reactive cell-free heme (CFH) is increased in the plasma of patients with chronic lung injury and causes pulmonary edema in animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) post inhalation of halogen gas. However, the mechanisms by which CFH causes pulmonary edema are unclear. Herein we report for the first time that CFH and chlorinated lipids (formed by the interaction of halogen gas, Cl2, with plasmalogens) are increased in the plasma of patients exposed to Cl2 gas. Ex vivo incubation of red blood cells (RBC) with halogenated lipids caused oxidative damage to RBC cytoskeletal protein spectrin, resulting in hemolysis and release of CFH. Patch clamp and short circuit current measurements revealed that CFH inhibited the activity of amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and cation sodium (Na+) channels in mouse alveolar cells and trans-epithelial Na+ transport across human airway cells with EC50 of 125 nM and 500 nM, respectively. Molecular modeling identified 22 putative heme-docking sites on ENaC (energy of binding range: 86-1563 kJ/mol) with at least 2 sites within its narrow transmembrane pore, potentially capable of blocking Na+ transport across the channel. A single intramuscular injection of the heme-scavenging protein, hemopexin (4 μg/kg body weight), one hour post halogen gas exposure, decreased plasma CFH and improved lung ENaC activity in mice. In conclusion, results suggested that CFH mediated inhibition of ENaC activity may be responsible for pulmonary edema post inhalation injury.
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46
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Rotko D, Bednarczyk P, Koprowski P, Kunz WS, Szewczyk A, Kulawiak B. Heme is required for carbon monoxide activation of mitochondrial BK Ca channel. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173191. [PMID: 32422186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously synthesized gaseous mediator and is involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. Mitochondria, in which hemoproteins are abundant, are among the targets for CO action. Large-conductance calcium-activated (mitoBKCa) channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane share multiple biophysical similarities with the BKCa channels of the plasma membrane and could be a potential target for CO. To test this hypothesis, the activity of the mitoBKCa channels in human astrocytoma U-87 MG cell mitochondria was assessed with the patch-clamp technique. The effects of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs), such as CORM-2, CORM-401, and CORM-A1, were compared to the application of a CO-saturated solution to the mitoBKCa channels in membrane patches. The applied CORMs showed pleiotropic effects including channel inhibition, while the CO-containing solution did not significantly modulate channel activity. Interestingly, CO applied to the mitoBKCa channels, which were inhibited by exogenously added heme, stimulated the channel. To summarize, our findings indicate a requirement of heme binding to the mitoBKCa channel for channel modulation by CO and suggest that CORMs might have complex unspecific effects on mitoBKCa channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Rotko
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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47
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Négrerie M. Iron transitions during activation of allosteric heme proteins in cell signaling. Metallomics 2020; 11:868-893. [PMID: 30957812 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric heme proteins can fulfill a very large number of different functions thanks to the remarkable chemical versatility of heme through the entire living kingdom. Their efficacy resides in the ability of heme to transmit both iron coordination changes and iron redox state changes to the protein structure. Besides the properties of iron, proteins may impose a particular heme geometry leading to distortion, which allows selection or modulation of the electronic properties of heme. This review focusses on the mechanisms of allosteric protein activation triggered by heme coordination changes following diatomic binding to proteins as diverse as the human NO-receptor, cytochromes, NO-transporters and sensors, and a heme-activated potassium channel. It describes at the molecular level the chemical capabilities of heme to achieve very different tasks and emphasizes how the properties of heme are determined by the protein structure. Particularly, this reviews aims at giving an overview of the exquisite adaptability of heme, from bacteria to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Négrerie
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
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48
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A new world of heme function. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:547-548. [PMID: 32388730 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Coburger I, Yang K, Bernert A, Wiesel E, Sahoo N, Swain SM, Hoshi T, Schönherr R, Heinemann SH. Impact of intracellular hemin on N-type inactivation of voltage-gated K + channels. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:551-560. [PMID: 32388729 PMCID: PMC7239824 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N-type inactivation of voltage-gated K+ channels is conferred by the N-terminal “ball” domains of select pore-forming α subunits or of auxiliary β subunits, and influences electrical cellular excitability. Here, we show that hemin impairs inactivation of K+ channels formed by Kv3.4 α subunits as well as that induced by the subunits Kvβ1.1, Kvβ1.2, and Kvβ3.1 when coexpressed with α subunits of the Kv1 subfamily. In Kvβ1.1, hemin interacts with cysteine and histidine residues in the N terminus (C7 and H10) with high affinity (EC50 100 nM). Similarly, rapid inactivation of Kv4.2 channels induced by the dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein DPP6a is also sensitive to hemin, and the DPP6a mutation C13S eliminates this dependence. The results suggest a common mechanism for a dynamic regulation of Kv channel inactivation by heme/hemin in N-terminal ball domains of Kv α and auxiliary β subunits. Free intracellular heme therefore has the potential to regulate cellular excitability via modulation of Kv channel inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Coburger
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Kefan Yang
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Alisa Bernert
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Eric Wiesel
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Sandip M Swain
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Toshinori Hoshi
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6085, USA
| | - Roland Schönherr
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan H Heinemann
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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50
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Syllwasschy BF, Beck MS, Družeta I, Hopp MT, Ramoji A, Neugebauer U, Nozinovic S, Menche D, Willbold D, Ohlenschläger O, Kühl T, Imhof D. High-affinity binding and catalytic activity of His/Tyr-based sequences: Extending heme-regulatory motifs beyond CP. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129603. [PMID: 32234408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & MOTIVATION Peptides and proteins can interact with heme through His, Tyr, or Cys in heme-regulatory motifs (HRMs). The Cys-Pro dipeptide is a well investigated HRM, but for His and Tyr such a distinct motif is currently unknown. In addition, many heme-peptide complexes, such as heme-amyloid β, can display a peroxidase-like activity, albeit there is little understanding of how the local primary and secondary coordination environment influences catalytic activity. We thus systematically evaluated a series of His- and Tyr-based peptides to identify sequence features for high-affinity heme binding and their impact on the catalytic activity of heme. METHODS We employed solid-phase peptide synthesis to produce 58 nonapeptides, which were investigated by UV/vis, resonance Raman, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. A chromogenic assay was used to determine the catalytic activity of the heme-peptide complexes. RESULTS Heme-binding affinity and binding mode were found to be dependent on the coordinating amino acid and spacer length between multiple potential coordination sites in a motif. In particular, HXH and HXXXH motifs showed strong heme binding. Analysis of the peroxidase-like activity revealed that some of these peptides and also HXXXY motifs enhance the catalytic activity of heme significantly. CONCLUSIONS We identify HXH, HXXXH, and HXXXY as potential new HRMs with functional properties. Several peptides displayed a strikingly high peroxidase-like activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The identification of HRMs allows to discover yet unknown heme-regulated proteins, and consequently, enhances our current understanding of pathologies involving labile heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Franz Syllwasschy
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Steve Beck
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivona Družeta
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Thérèse Hopp
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Senada Nozinovic
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Jülich Research Centre, Institute of Complex Systems - Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Physical Biology, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Toni Kühl
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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