1
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Urquijo-Rodríguez AF, Gómez EA, A Rodríguez B, Vinck-Posada H. Quantum control of polariton emission in a microcavity-quantum well system under magnetic field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:505804. [PMID: 39270717 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad7ac3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a quantum dissipative model is employed to investigate the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field on the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of a quantum well embedded within a microcavity. This model incorporates both the exact electron-hole interaction within the semiconductor and the light-matter coupling between the fundamental photonic mode and the fermionic particles. The loss and pumping mechanisms are described using the quantum master equation, and the PL spectrum is determined via the quantum regression theorem. Our findings demonstrate that the magnetic field acts as a control mechanism in the polariton emission energy, the emission linewidth and the intensity distribution along the emission line. Finally, it is observed that the magnetic field can redistribute the density matrix occupations leading to modifications in the average number of polaritons in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Urquijo-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Superconductividad y Nanotecnología, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar A Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Física Teórica y Computacional, Programa de Física, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
| | - Boris A Rodríguez
- Grupo de Física Atómica y Molecular, Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Herbert Vinck-Posada
- Grupo de Superconductividad y Nanotecnología, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
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2
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Long T, Ren J, Li P, Yun F, Malpuech G, Solnyshkov D, Fu H, Li F, Liao Q. Dual Orthogonally Polarized Lasing Assisted by Imaginary Fermi Arcs in Organic Microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:123802. [PMID: 39373430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The polarization control of micro- and nanolasers is an important topic in nanophotonics. Up to now, the simultaneous generation of two distinguishable orthogonally polarized lasing modes from a single organic microlaser remains a critical challenge. Here, we demonstrate simultaneously orthogonally polarized dual lasing from a microcavity filled with an organic single crystal exhibiting selective strong coupling. We show that the non-Hermiticity due to polarization-dependent losses leads to the formation of real and imaginary Fermi arcs with exceptional points. Simultaneous orthogonally polarized lasing becomes possible thanks to the eigenstate mixing by the photonic spin-orbit coupling at the imaginary Fermi arcs. Our work provides a novel way to develop linearly polarized lasers and paves the way for the future fundamental research in topological photonics, non-Hermitian optics, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Peng Li
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yun
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
- Solid-State Lighting Engineering Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
- Solid-State Lighting Engineering Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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3
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Peng K, Li W, Sun M, Rivero JDH, Ti C, Han X, Ge L, Yang L, Zhang X, Bao W. Topological valley Hall polariton condensation. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:1283-1289. [PMID: 38789618 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A photonic topological insulator features robust directional propagation and immunity to defect perturbations of the edge/surface state. Exciton-polaritons, that is, the hybrid quasiparticles of excitons and photons in semiconductor microcavities, have been proposed as a tunable nonlinear platform for emulating topological phenomena. However, mainly due to excitonic material limitations, experimental observations so far have not been able to enter the nonlinear condensation regime or only show localized condensation in one dimension. Here we show a topological propagating edge state with polariton condensation at room temperature and without any external magnetic field. We overcome material limitations by using excitonic CsPbCl3 halide perovskites with a valley Hall lattice design. The polariton lattice features a large bandgap of 18.8 meV and exhibits strong nonlinear polariton condensation with clear long-range spatial coherence across the critical pumping density. The geometric parameters and material composition of our nonlinear many-body photonic system platform can in principle be tailored to study topological phenomena of other interquasiparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jose D H Rivero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaoyang Ti
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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4
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Luo Y, Zhao J, Fieramosca A, Guo Q, Kang H, Liu X, Liew TCH, Sanvitto D, An Z, Ghosh S, Wang Z, Xu H, Xiong Q. Strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:203. [PMID: 39168973 PMCID: PMC11339464 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials have emerged as a focal point in materials research, drawing increasing attention due to their potential for isolating and synergistically combining diverse atomic layers. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are one of the most alluring van der Waals materials owing to their exceptional electronic and optical properties. The tightly bound excitons with giant oscillator strength render TMDs an ideal platform to investigate strong light-matter coupling when they are integrated with optical cavities, providing a wide range of possibilities for exploring novel polaritonic physics and devices. In this review, we focused on recent advances in TMD-based strong light-matter coupling. In the foremost position, we discuss the various optical structures strongly coupled to TMD materials, such as Fabry-Perot cavities, photonic crystals, and plasmonic nanocavities. We then present several intriguing properties and relevant device applications of TMD polaritons. In the end, we delineate promising future directions for the study of strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Quanbing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Haifeng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- INFN National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Zhiyuan An
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
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5
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Bennenhei C, Shan H, Struve M, Kunte N, Eilenberger F, Ohmer J, Fischer U, Schumacher S, Ma X, Schneider C, Esmann M. Organic Room-Temperature Polariton Condensate in a Higher-Order Topological Lattice. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:3046-3054. [PMID: 39184187 PMCID: PMC11342920 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecule exciton-polaritons in photonic lattices are a versatile platform to emulate unconventional phases of matter at ambient temperatures, including protected interface modes in topological insulators. Here, we investigate bosonic condensation in the most prototypical higher-order topological lattice: a 2D-version of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Under strong optical pumping, we observe bosonic condensation into both 0D and 1D topologically protected modes. The resulting 1D macroscopic quantum state reaches a coherent spatial extent of 10 μm, as evidenced by interferometric measurements of first order coherence. We account for the spatial mode patterns resulting from fluorescent protein-filled, structured microcavities by tight-binding calculations and theoretically characterize the topological invariants of the lattice. Our findings pave the way toward organic on-chip polaritonics using higher-order topology as a tool for the generation of robustly confined polaritonic lasing states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bennenhei
- Institute
of Physics, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hangyong Shan
- Institute
of Physics, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marti Struve
- Institute
of Physics, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nils Kunte
- Institute
of Physics, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Falk Eilenberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute
for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Max-Planck-School
of Photonics, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ohmer
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department
of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP),
and Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department
of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP),
and Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Institute
of Physics, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Esmann
- Institute
of Physics, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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6
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De J, Zhao R, Yin F, Gu C, Long T, Huang H, Cao X, An C, Liao B, Fu H, Liao Q. Organic polaritonic light-emitting diodes with high luminance and color purity toward laser displays. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 39147738 PMCID: PMC11327354 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high-luminescence organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with narrowband emission and high color purity is important in various optoelectronic fields. Laser displays exhibit outstanding advantages in next-generation display technologies owing to their ultimate visual experience, but this remains a great challenge. Here, we develop a novel OLED based organic single crystals. By strongly coupling the organic exciton state to an optical microcavity, we obtain polariton electroluminescent (EL) emission from the polariton OLEDs (OPLEDs) with high luminance, narrow-band emission, high color purity, high polarization as well as excellent optically pumped polariton laser. Further, we evaluate the potential for electrically pumped polariton laser through theoretical analysis and provide possible solutions. This work provides a powerful strategy with a material-device combination that paves the way for electrically driven organic single-crystal-based polariton luminescent devices and possibly lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
- Beijing Special Engineering Design and Research Institute, 100028, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Gu
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Han Huang
- Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Cunbin An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201, Xiangtan, Hunan, China.
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Yu Y, Huang Y, Qiu M, Liu F, Feng M, Gao C, Deng S, Fu X. A Femtosecond Electron-Based Versatile Microscopy for Visualizing Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors Across Spatiotemporal and Energetic Domains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400633. [PMID: 38894590 PMCID: PMC11336951 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Carrier dynamics detection in different dimensions (space, time, and energy) with high resolutions plays a pivotal role in the development of modern semiconductor devices, especially in low-dimensional, high-speed, and ultrasensitive devices. Here, a femtosecond electron-based versatile microscopy is reported that combines scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (SUEM) imaging and time-resolved cathodoluminescence (TRCL) detection, which allows for visualizing and decoupling different dynamic processes of carriers involved in surface and bulk in semiconductors with unprecedented spatiotemporal and energetic resolutions. The achieved spatial resolution is better than 10 nm, and the temporal resolutions for SUEM imaging and TRCL detection are ≈500 fs and ≈4.5 ps, respectively, representing state-of-the-art performance. To demonstrate its unique capability, the surface and bulk carrier dynamics involved in n-type gallium arsenide (GaAs) are directly tracked and distinguished. It is revealed, in real time and space, that hot carrier cooling, defect trapping, and interband-/defect-assisted radiative recombination in the energy domain result in ordinal super-diffusion, localization, and sub-diffusion of carriers at the surface, elucidating the crucial role of surface states on carrier dynamics. The study not only gives a comprehensive physical picture of carrier dynamics in GaAs, but also provides a powerful platform for exploring complex carrier dynamics in semiconductors for promoting their device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yaocheng Yu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yue Huang
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Moxi Qiu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Fang Liu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Min Feng
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Cuntao Gao
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Shibing Deng
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xuewen Fu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy LaboratoryMOE Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear PhotonicsSchool of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSmart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science CenterNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
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8
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Wang R, Wang Y, Dong J, Wang L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu H. The Intermode Polariton Parametric Scattering Laser in a Strong Coupled Microcavity Via Two-Photon Absorption. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8988-8995. [PMID: 38985015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons, hybrid quasiparticles from the strong coupling of excitons and cavity photons in semiconductor microcavities, offer a platform for exploring quantum coherence and nonlinear optical properties. The unique polariton parametric scattering (PPS) laser is of interest for its potential in quantum technologies and nonlinear devices. However, direct resonant excitation of polaritons in strong-coupling microcavities is challenging. This study proposes an innovative two-photon absorption (TPA) pump mechanism to address this. We observe TPA-driven PPS lasing in a strongly coupled microcavity at room temperature. High K-value exciton injections promote coherent stimulated emission of polariton scattering through intermode channels. Angle-resolved spectra confirm a TPA process, showing evolution from pump-state to signal-state. Hanbury Brown-Twiss measurement of second-order correlation g2(τ) of signal state indicates a phase transition from a classical thermal state to a quantum coherent state. Theoretical modeling provides insights into the physical mechanisms of PPS. Our work advances nonlinear phenomena exploration in strongly coupled light-matter systems, contributing to quantum polaritonics and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junxing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingzhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Solid-state Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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9
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Chang WJ, Zeng H, Terry Weatherly CK, Provazza J, Liu P, Weiss EA, Stern NP, Tempelaar R. Dark State Concentration Dependent Emission and Dynamics of CdSe Nanoplatelet Exciton-Polaritons. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39042269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The recent surge of interest in polaritons has prompted fundamental questions about the role of dark states in strong light-matter coupling phenomena. Here, we systematically vary the relative number of dark states by controlling the number of stacked CdSe nanoplatelets confined in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. We find the emission spectrum to change significantly with an increasing number of nanoplatelets, with a gradual shift of the dominant emission intensity from the lower polariton branch to a manifold of dark states. Through accompanying calculations based on a kinetic model, this shift is rationalized by an entropic trapping of excitations by the dark state manifold, while a weak dark state dispersion due to local disorder explains their nonzero emission. Our results point toward the relevance of the dark state concentration to the optical and dynamical properties of cavity-embedded quantum emitters with ramifications for Bose-Einstein condensate formation, polariton lasing, polariton-based quantum transduction schemes, and polariton chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Je Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Hongfei Zeng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | | | - Justin Provazza
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Pufan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Roel Tempelaar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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10
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Yang J, Tao R, Huang Z, Li D, Rong X, Chu Z, Liu Q, Huo X, Li T, Sheng B, Wang T, Liu F, Yuan Y, Wang P, Ge W, Shen B, Wang X. A near-resonant excitation strategy to achieve ultra-low threshold GaN polariton lasing. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4058-4061. [PMID: 39008776 DOI: 10.1364/ol.529895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A near-resonant excitation strategy is proposed and implemented in a 4-µm-thick GaN microcavity to realize an exciton-polariton condensate/lasing with low threshold. Strong exciton-photon coupling is demonstrated, and polariton lasing is realized with an ultra-low threshold excitation power density of about 13.3 W/cm2 at room temperature. Such an ultra-low threshold is ascribed to the implementation of the near-resonant optical excitation strategy, which enables acceleration of the exciton and polariton relaxation and suppression of the heat generation in the cavity, thereby reducing the energy loss and enhance the cavity excitation efficiency.
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11
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Zheng H, Wang R, Gong X, Dong J, Wang L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Chen H, Zhang B, Zhu H. Quantized Microcavity Polariton Lasing Based on InGaN Localized Excitons. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1197. [PMID: 39057874 PMCID: PMC11279400 DOI: 10.3390/nano14141197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons, which are bosonic quasiparticles with an extremely low mass, play a key role in understanding macroscopic quantum effects related to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in solid-state systems. The study of trapped polaritons in a potential well provides an ideal platform for manipulating polariton condensates, enabling polariton lasing with specific formation in k-space. Here, we realize quantized microcavity polariton lasing in simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) states based on spatial localized excitons in InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs). Benefiting from the high exciton binding energy (90 meV) and large oscillator strength of the localized exciton, room-temperature (RT) polaritons with large Rabi splitting (61 meV) are obtained in a strongly coupled microcavity. The manipulation of polariton condensates is performed through a parabolic potential well created by optical pump control. Under the confinement situation, trapped polaritons are controlled to be distributed in the selected quantized energy sublevels of the SHO state. The maximum energy spacing of 11.3 meV is observed in the SHO sublevels, indicating the robust polariton trapping of the parabolic potential well. Coherent quantized polariton lasing is achieved in the ground state of the SHO state and the coherence property of the lasing is analyzed through the measurements of spatial interference patterns and g(2)(τ). Our results offer a feasible route to explore the manipulation of macroscopic quantum coherent states and to fabricate novel polariton devices towards room-temperature operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Runchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xuebing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junxing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingzhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Baijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Hai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (H.Z.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
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12
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Sannikov DA, Baranikov AV, Putintsev AD, Misko M, Zasedatelev AV, Scherf U, Lagoudakis PG. Room temperature, cascadable, all-optical polariton universal gates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5362. [PMID: 38918407 PMCID: PMC11199649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, almost all information processing is performed using electronic logic circuits operating at several gigahertz frequency. All-optical logic holds the promise to allow for up to three orders of magnitude higher speed. Whereas essential all-optical transistor functionalities were demonstrated across a range of platforms, utilising them to implement a complete Boolean logic gate set and in particular negation, i.e. switching off an optical signal with another, weaker, optical signal, poses a major challenge. Here, we realize a cascadable NOT gate by introducing the concept of non-ground-state polariton amplification in organic semiconductor microcavities under non-resonant optical excitation. We unravel the importance of vibron-mediated stimulated scattering in room temperature operation of the inverter. Moreover, we extend the concept to a multi-input universal NOR logic gate, where in the presence of any of the input signals non-ground-state amplification supersedes spontaneous ground-state condensation, resulting in a NOR gate with ~1 ps switching time. The realisation of an ultrafast universal logic gate constitutes an essential step for more complex optical circuitry that could boost information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Sannikov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Baranikov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton D Putintsev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Misko
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Zasedatelev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia.
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13
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Betzold S, Düreth J, Dusel M, Emmerling M, Bieganowska A, Ohmer J, Fischer U, Höfling S, Klembt S. Dirac Cones and Room Temperature Polariton Lasing Evidenced in an Organic Honeycomb Lattice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400672. [PMID: 38605674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Artificial 1D and 2D lattices have emerged as a powerful platform for the emulation of lattice Hamiltonians, the fundamental study of collective many-body effects, and phenomena arising from non-trivial topology. Exciton-polaritons, bosonic part-light and part-matter quasiparticles, combine pronounced nonlinearities with the possibility of on-chip implementation. In this context, organic semiconductors embedded in microcavities have proven to be versatile candidates to study nonlinear many-body physics and bosonic condensation, and in contrast to most inorganic systems, they allow the use at ambient conditions since they host ultra-stable Frenkel excitons. A well-controlled, high-quality optical lattice is implemented that accommodates light-matter quasiparticles. The realized polariton graphene presents with excellent cavity quality factors, showing distinct signatures of Dirac cone and flatband dispersions as well as polariton lasing at room temperature. This is realized by filling coupled dielectric microcavities with the fluorescent protein mCherry. The emergence of a coherent polariton condensate at ambient conditions are demonstrated, taking advantage of coupling conditions as precise and controllable as in state-of-the-art inorganic semiconductor-based systems, without the limitations of e.g. lattice matching in epitaxial growth. This progress allows straightforward extension to more complex systems, such as the study of topological phenomena in 2D lattices including topological lasers and non-Hermitian optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Betzold
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Düreth
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Dusel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Emmerling
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonina Bieganowska
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Jürgen Ohmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klembt
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Carraro-Haddad I, Chafatinos DL, Kuznetsov AS, Papuccio-Fernández IA, Reynoso AA, Bruchhausen A, Biermann K, Santos PV, Usaj G, Fainstein A. Solid-state continuous time crystal in a polariton condensate with a built-in mechanical clock. Science 2024; 384:995-1000. [PMID: 38815032 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn7087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Time crystals (TCs) are many-body systems that display spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry. We demonstrate a TC by using driven-dissipative condensates of microcavity exciton-polaritons, spontaneously formed from an incoherent particle bath. The TC phases are controlled by the power of a continuous-wave nonresonant optical drive exciting the condensate and the interaction with cavity phonons. Those phases are, for increasing power, Larmor-like precession of the condensate pseudo-spins-a signature of continuous TC; locking of the frequency of precession to self-sustained coherent phonons-stabilized TC; and doubling of TC's period by phonons-a discrete TC with continuous excitation. These results establish microcavity polaritons as a platform for the investigation of time-broken symmetry in nonhermitian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carraro-Haddad
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - D L Chafatinos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - A S Kuznetsov
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund 10117 Berlin e.V., 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - I A Papuccio-Fernández
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - A A Reynoso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - A Bruchhausen
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - K Biermann
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund 10117 Berlin e.V., 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - P V Santos
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund 10117 Berlin e.V., 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Usaj
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Theorie van Kwantumsystemen en Complexe Systemen (TQC), Universiteit Antwerpen, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- CENOLI, Université Libre de Bruxelles-CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Fainstein
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche 8400, Argentina
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15
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Sasaki Y, Georgiou K, Wang S, Bossanyi DG, Jayaprakash R, Yanai N, Kimizuka N, Lidzey DG, Musser AJ, Clark J. Radiative pumping in a strongly coupled microcavity filled with a neat molecular film showing excimer emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14745-14753. [PMID: 38716658 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Strong light-matter interactions have attracted much attention as a means to control the physical/chemical properties of organic semiconducting materials with light-matter hybrids called polaritons. To unveil the processes under strong coupling, studies on the dynamics of polaritons are of particular importance. While highly condensed molecular materials with large dipole density are ideal to achieve strong coupling, the emission properties of such films often become a mixture of monomeric and excimeric components, making the role of excimers unclear. Here, we use amorphous neat films of a new bis(phenylethynyl anthracene) derivative showing only excimer emission and investigate the excited-state dynamics of a series of strongly coupled microcavities, with each cavity being characterised by a different exciton-photon detuning. A time-resolved photoluminescence study shows that the excimer radiatively pumps the lower polariton in the relaxation process and the decay profile reflects the density of states. The delayed emission derived from triplet-triplet annihilation is not sensitive to the cavity environment, possibly due to the rapid excimer formation. Our results highlight the importance of controlling intermolecular interactions towards rational design of organic exciton-polariton devices, whose performance depends on efficient polariton relaxation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Kyriacos Georgiou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David G Bossanyi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
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16
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Riera Aroche R, Ortiz García YM, Martínez Arellano MA, Riera Leal A. DNA as a perfect quantum computer based on the quantum physics principles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11636. [PMID: 38773193 PMCID: PMC11109248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA is a complex multi-resolution molecule whose theoretical study is a challenge. Its intrinsic multiscale nature requires chemistry and quantum physics to understand the structure and quantum informatics to explain its operation as a perfect quantum computer. Here, we present theoretical results of DNA that allow a better description of its structure and the operation process in the transmission, coding, and decoding of genetic information. Aromaticity is explained by the oscillatory resonant quantum state of correlated electron and hole pairs due to the quantized molecular vibrational energy acting as an attractive force. The correlated pairs form a supercurrent in the nitrogenous bases in a single band π -molecular orbital ( π -MO). The MO wave function ( Φ ) is assumed to be the linear combination of the n constituent atomic orbitals. The central Hydrogen bond between Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) or Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) functions like an ideal Josephson Junction. The approach of a Josephson Effect between two superconductors is correctly described, as well as the condensation of the nitrogenous bases to obtain the two entangled quantum states that form the qubit. Combining the quantum state of the composite system with the classical information, RNA polymerase teleports one of the four Bell states. DNA is a perfect quantum computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Riera Aroche
- Department of Research in Physics, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Y M Ortiz García
- Research Institute of Dentistry, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - M A Martínez Arellano
- General Hospital of the State of Sonora, Boulevar José María Escrivá de Balaguer 157, Colonia Villa del Palmar, C.P. 83105, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - A Riera Leal
- General Hospital of the State of Sonora, Boulevar José María Escrivá de Balaguer 157, Colonia Villa del Palmar, C.P. 83105, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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17
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Hajian H, Zhang X, McCormack O, Zhang Y, Dobie J, Rukhlenko ID, Ozbay E, Louise Bradley A. Quasi-bound states in the continuum for electromagnetic induced transparency and strong excitonic coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19163-19174. [PMID: 38859057 DOI: 10.1364/oe.525535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Advancing on previous reports, we utilize quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) supported by a metasurface of TiO2 meta-atoms with broken inversion symmetry on an SiO2 substrate, for two possible applications. Firstly, we demonstrate that by tuning the metasurface's asymmetric parameter, a spectral overlap between a broad q-BIC and a narrow magnetic dipole resonance is achieved, yielding an electromagnetic induced transparency analogue with a 50 μs group delay. Secondly, we have found that, due to the strong coupling between the q-BIC and WS2 exciton at room temperature and normal incidence, by integrating a single layer of WS2 to the metasurface, a 37.9 meV Rabi splitting in the absorptance spectrum with 50% absorption efficiency is obtained. These findings promise feasible two-port devices for visible range slow-light characteristics or nanoscale excitonic coupling.
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18
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Witt J, Mischok A, Tenopala Carmona F, Hillebrandt S, Butscher JF, Gather MC. High-Brightness Blue Polariton Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1844-1850. [PMID: 38766499 PMCID: PMC11100280 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Polariton organic light-emitting diodes (POLEDs) use strong light-matter coupling as an additional degree of freedom to tailor device characteristics, thus making them ideal candidates for many applications, such as room temperature laser diodes and high-color purity displays. However, achieving efficient formation of and emission from exciton-polaritons in an electrically driven device remains challenging due to the need for strong absorption, which often induces significant nonradiative recombination. Here, we investigate a novel POLED architecture to achieve polariton formation and high-brightness light emission. We utilize the blue-fluorescent emitter material 4,4'-Bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)styryl)biphenyl (BSBCz), which exhibits strong absorption and a highly horizontal transition-dipole orientation as well as a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency, even at high doping concentrations. We achieve a peak luminance of over 20,000 cd/m2 and external quantum efficiencies of more than 2%. To the best of our knowledge, these values represent the highest reported so far for electrically driven polariton emission from an organic semiconductor emitting in the blue region of the spectrum. Our work therefore paves the way for a new generation of efficient and powerful optoelectronic devices based on POLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Witt
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Mischok
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Francisco Tenopala Carmona
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabina Hillebrandt
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian F. Butscher
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United
Kingdom
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United
Kingdom
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19
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Alnatah H, Yao Q, Beaumariage J, Mukherjee S, Tam MC, Wasilewski Z, West K, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer LN, Snoke DW. Coherence measurements of polaritons in thermal equilibrium reveal a power law for two-dimensional condensates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6960. [PMID: 38701210 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We have created a spatially homogeneous polariton condensate in thermal equilibrium, up to very high condensate fraction. Under these conditions, we have measured the coherence as a function of momentum and determined the total coherent fraction of this boson system from very low density up to density well above the condensation transition. These measurements reveal a consistent power law for the coherent fraction as a function of the total density over nearly three orders of its magnitude. The same power law is seen in numerical simulations solving the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the equilibrium coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alnatah
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Jonathan Beaumariage
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Shouvik Mukherjee
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Man Chun Tam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zbigniew Wasilewski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ken West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kirk Baldwin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Loren N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David W Snoke
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
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20
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Tang Y, Dhar HS, Oulton RF, Nyman RA, Mintert F. Breakdown of Temporal Coherence in Photon Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:173601. [PMID: 38728729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The temporal coherence of an ideal Bose gas increases as the system approaches the Bose-Einstein condensation threshold from below, with coherence time diverging at the critical point. However, counterexamples have been observed for condensates of photons formed in an externally pumped, dye-filled microcavity, wherein the coherence time decreases rapidly for increasing particle number above threshold. This Letter establishes intermode correlations as the central explanation for the experimentally observed dramatic decrease in the coherence time beyond critical pump power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tang
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Himadri S Dhar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Nyman
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Mintert
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Wu X, Zhang S, Song J, Deng X, Du W, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Jiang C, Zhong Y, Wu B, Zhu Z, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Xiong Q, Liu X. Exciton polariton condensation from bound states in the continuum at room temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3345. [PMID: 38637571 PMCID: PMC11026397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons (polaritons) resulting from the strong exciton-photon interaction stimulates the development of novel low-threshold coherent light sources to circumvent the ever-increasing energy demands of optical communications1-3. Polaritons from bound states in the continuum (BICs) are promising for Bose-Einstein condensation owing to their theoretically infinite quality factors, which provide prolonged lifetimes and benefit the polariton accumulations4-7. However, BIC polariton condensation remains limited to cryogenic temperatures ascribed to the small exciton binding energies of conventional material platforms. Herein, we demonstrated room-temperature BIC polariton condensation in perovskite photonic crystal lattices. BIC polariton condensation was demonstrated at the vicinity of the saddle point of polariton dispersion that generates directional vortex beam emission with long-range coherence. We also explore the peculiar switching effect among the miniaturized BIC polariton modes through effective polariton-polariton scattering. Our work paves the way for the practical implementation of BIC polariton condensates for integrated photonic and topological circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiepeng Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoya Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
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22
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Lee I, Melton SR, Xu D, Delor M. Controlling Molecular Photoisomerization in Photonic Cavities through Polariton Funneling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9544-9553. [PMID: 38530932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between photonic modes and molecular electronic excitations, creating hybrid light-matter states called polaritons, is an attractive avenue for controlling chemical reactions. Nevertheless, experimental demonstrations of polariton-modified chemical reactions remain sparse. Here, we demonstrate modified photoisomerization kinetics of merocyanine and diarylethene by coupling the reactant's optical transition with photonic microcavity modes. We leverage broadband Fourier-plane optical microscopy to noninvasively and rapidly monitor photoisomerization within microcavities, enabling systematic investigation of chemical kinetics for different cavity-exciton detunings and photoexcitation conditions. We demonstrate three distinct effects of cavity coupling: first, a renormalization of the photonic density of states, akin to a Purcell effect, leads to enhanced absorption and isomerization rates at certain wavelengths, notably red-shifting the onset of photoisomerization. This effect is present under both strong and weak light-matter couplings. Second, kinetic competition between polariton localization into reactive molecular states and cavity losses leads to a suppression of the photoisomerization yield. Finally, our key result is that in reaction mixtures with multiple reactant isomers, exhibiting partially overlapping optical transitions and distinct isomerization pathways, the cavity resonance can be tuned to funnel photoexcitations into specific reactant isomers. Thus, upon decoherence, polaritons localize into a chosen isomer, selectively triggering the latter's photoisomerization despite initially being delocalized across all isomers. This result suggests that careful tuning of the cavity resonance is a promising avenue to steer chemical reactions and enhance product selectivity in reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sarah R Melton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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23
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Alnatah H, Comaron P, Mukherjee S, Beaumariage J, Pfeiffer LN, West K, Baldwin K, Szymańska M, Snoke DW. Critical fluctuations in a confined driven-dissipative quantum condensate. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi6762. [PMID: 38517958 PMCID: PMC10959404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Phase fluctuations determine the low-energy properties of quantum condensates. However, at the condensation threshold, both density and phase fluctuations are relevant. While strong emphasis has been given to the investigation of phase fluctuations, which dominate the physics of the quantum system away from the critical point, number fluctuations have been much less explored even in thermal equilibrium. In this work, we report experimental observation and theoretical description of fluctuations in a circularly confined nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons near the condensation threshold. We observe critical fluctuations, which combine the number fluctuations of a single-mode condensate state and competition between different states. The latter is analogous to mode hopping in photon lasers. Our theoretical analysis indicates that this phenomenon is of a quantum character, while classical noise of the pump is not sufficient to explain the experiments. The manifestation of a critical quantum state competition unlocks possibilities for the study of condensate formation while linking to practical realizations in photonic lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alnatah
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Paolo Comaron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shouvik Mukherjee
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jonathan Beaumariage
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Loren N. Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ken West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kirk Baldwin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Marzena Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David W. Snoke
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
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24
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de Oliveira R, Colombano M, Malabat F, Morassi M, Lemaître A, Favero I. Whispering-Gallery Quantum-Well Exciton Polaritons in an Indium Gallium Arsenide Microdisk Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:126901. [PMID: 38579217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.126901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite appealing high-symmetry properties that enable strong spatial confinement and ultrahigh-Q, optical whispering-gallery modes of spherical and circular resonators have been absent from the field of quantum-well exciton polaritons. Here we observe whispering-gallery exciton polaritons in a gallium arsenide microdisk cavity filled with indium gallium arsenide quantum wells, the test bed materials of polaritonics. Strong coupling is evidenced in photoluminescence and resonant spectroscopy accessed through concomitant confocal microscopy and near-field optical techniques. Excitonic and optical resonances are tuned by varying temperature and disk radius, revealing Rabi splittings between 5 and 10 meV. A dedicated analytical quantum model for such circular whispering-gallery polaritons is developed, which reproduces the measured values. At high power, lasing is observed and accompanied by a blueshift of the emission consistent with the regime of polariton lasing. With experimental methods and theory now established, whispering-gallery-mode polaritons in round dielectric resonators appear as a new viable platform toward low loss polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain de Oliveira
- 1Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet 75013 Paris, France
| | - Martin Colombano
- 1Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florent Malabat
- 1Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet 75013 Paris, France
| | - Martina Morassi
- 2Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies, CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- 2Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies, CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ivan Favero
- 1Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet 75013 Paris, France
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25
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Yang W, Wang J, He Y, Jiang S, Hou L, Zhuo L. Anapole assisted self-hybridized exciton-polaritons in perovskite metasurfaces. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6068-6077. [PMID: 38433725 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The exciton-polaritons in a lead halide perovskite not only have great significance for macroscopic quantum effects but also possess vital potential for applications in ultralow-threshold polariton lasers, integrated photonics, slow-light devices, and quantum light sources. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated strong coupling with huge Rabi splitting of 553 meV between perovskite excitons and anapole modes in the perovskite metasurface at room temperature. This outcome is achieved by introducing anapole modes to suppress radiative losses, thereby confining light to the perovskite metasurface and subsequently hybridizing it with excitons in the same material. Our results indicate the formation of self-hybridized exciton-polaritons within the perovskite metasurface, which may pave the way towards achieving high coupling strengths that could potentially bring exciting phenomena to fruition, such as Bose-Einstein condensation as well as enabling applications such as efficient light-emitting diodes and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Yang
- School of Electronic Information, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Yonglin He
- School of Electronic Information, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- School of Electronic Information, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Liling Hou
- School of Electronic Information, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Liqiang Zhuo
- School of Electronic Information, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
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26
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular Polaritons for Chemistry, Photonics and Quantum Technologies. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2512-2552. [PMID: 38416701 PMCID: PMC10941193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the hybridization between molecular and photonic modes. These composite entities, bearing characteristics inherited from both constituents, exhibit modified energy levels and wave functions, thereby capturing the attention of chemists in the past decade. The potential to modify chemical reactions has spurred many investigations, alongside efforts to enhance and manipulate optical responses for photonic and quantum applications. This Review centers on the experimental advances in this burgeoning field. Commencing with an introduction of the fundamentals, including theoretical foundations and various cavity architectures, we discuss outcomes of polariton-modified chemical reactions. Furthermore, we navigate through the ongoing debates and uncertainties surrounding the underpinning mechanism of this innovative method of controlling chemistry. Emphasis is placed on gaining a comprehensive understanding of the energy dynamics of molecular polaritons, in particular, vibrational molecular polaritons─a pivotal facet in steering chemical reactions. Additionally, we discuss the unique capability of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to dissect polariton and dark mode dynamics, offering insights into the critical components within the cavity that alter chemical reactions. We further expand to the potential utility of molecular polaritons in quantum applications as well as precise manipulation of molecular and photonic polarizations, notably in the context of chiral phenomena. This discussion aspires to ignite deeper curiosity and engagement in revealing the physics underpinning polariton-modified molecular properties, and a broad fascination with harnessing photonic environments to control chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries
of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San
Diego, California 92126, United States
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27
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Lednev M, García-Vidal FJ, Feist J. Lindblad Master Equation Capable of Describing Hybrid Quantum Systems in the Ultrastrong Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:106902. [PMID: 38518335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant theoretical efforts devoted to studying the interaction between quantized light modes and matter, the so-called ultrastrong coupling regime still presents significant challenges for theoretical treatments and prevents the use of many common approximations. Here we demonstrate an approach that can describe the dynamics of hybrid quantum systems in any regime of interaction for an arbitrary electromagnetic (EM) environment. We extend a previous method developed for few-mode quantization of arbitrary systems to the case of ultrastrong light-matter coupling, and show that even such systems can be treated using a Lindblad master equation where decay operators act only on the photonic modes by ensuring that the effective spectral density of the EM environment is sufficiently suppressed at negative frequencies. We demonstrate the validity of our framework and show that it outperforms current state-of-the-art master equations for a simple model system, and then study a realistic nanoplasmonic setup where existing approaches cannot be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Lednev
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Johnston A, Berloff NG. Macroscopic Noise Amplification by Asymmetric Dyads in Non-Hermitian Optical Systems for Generative Diffusion Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:096901. [PMID: 38489613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.096901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We study noise amplification by asymmetric dyads in freely expanding non-Hermitian optical systems. We show that modifications of the pumping strengths can counteract bias from natural imperfections of the system's hardware while couplings between dyads lead to systems with nonuniform statistical distributions. Our results suggest that asymmetric non-Hermitian dyads are promising candidates for efficient sensors and ultrafast random number generators. We propose that the integrated light emission from such asymmetric dyads can be efficiently used for analog all-optical degenerative diffusion models of machine learning to overcome the digital limitations of such models in processing speed and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Johnston
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia G Berloff
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
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29
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Ricco LS, Shelykh IA, Kavokin A. Qubit gate operations in elliptically trapped polariton condensates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4211. [PMID: 38378989 PMCID: PMC10879284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We consider bosonic condensates of exciton-polaritons optically confined in elliptical traps. A superposition of two non-degenerated p-type states of the condensate oriented along the two main axes of the trap is represented by a point on a Bloch sphere, being considered as an optically tunable qubit. We describe a set of universal single-qubit gates resulting in a controllable shift of the Bloch vector by means of an auxiliary laser beam. Moreover, we consider interaction mechanisms between two neighboring traps that enable designing two-qubit operations such as CPHASE and CNOT gates. Both the single- and two-qubit gates are analyzed in the presence of error sources in the context of polariton traps, such as pure dephasing and spontaneous relaxation mechanisms, leading to a fidelity reduction of the final qubit states and quantum concurrence, as well as the increase of Von Neumann entropy. We also discuss the applicability of our qubit proposal in the context of DiVincenzo's criteria for the realization of local quantum computing processes. Altogether, the developed set of quantum operations would pave the way to the realization of a variety of quantum algorithms in a planar microcavity with a set of optically induced elliptical traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano S Ricco
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Ivan A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo IC, Bolshoy Bulvar 30 bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Abrikosov Center for Theoretical Physics, MIPT, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141707, Russia
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia.
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30
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Bujalance C, Caliò L, Dirin DN, Tiede DO, Galisteo-López JF, Feist J, García-Vidal FJ, Kovalenko MV, Míguez H. Strong Light-Matter Coupling in Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4922-4931. [PMID: 38301147 PMCID: PMC10867889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between lead halide perovskite materials and optical resonators enables both polaritonic control of the photophysical properties of these emerging semiconductors and the observation of fundamental physical phenomena. However, the difficulty in achieving optical-quality perovskite quantum dot (PQD) films showing well-defined excitonic transitions has prevented the study of strong light-matter coupling in these materials, central to the field of optoelectronics. Herein we demonstrate the formation at room temperature of multiple cavity exciton-polaritons in metallic resonators embedding highly transparent Cesium Lead Bromide quantum dot (CsPbBr3-QD) solids, revealed by a significant reconfiguration of the absorption and emission properties of the system. Our results indicate that the effects of biexciton interaction or large polaron formation, frequently invoked to explain the properties of PQDs, are seemingly absent or compensated by other more conspicuous effects in the CsPbBr3-QD optical cavity. We observe that strong coupling enables a significant reduction of the photoemission line width, as well as the ultrafast modulation of the optical absorption, controllable by means of the excitation fluence. We find that the interplay of the polariton states with the large dark state reservoir plays a decisive role in determining the dynamics of the emission and transient absorption properties of the hybridized light-quantum dot solid system. Our results should serve as the basis for future investigations of PQD solids as polaritonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bujalance
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Laura Caliò
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - David O. Tiede
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Juan F. Galisteo-López
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-Vidal
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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31
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Zhong J, Li JY, Liu J, Xiang Y, Feng H, Liu R, Li W, Wang XH. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling of Few-Exciton in a Monolayer WS 2 with Plasmon and Dispersion Deviation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1579-1586. [PMID: 38284987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Engineering room-temperature strong coupling of few-exciton in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with plasmons promises to construct compact and high-performance quantum optical devices. But it remains unimplemented due to their in-plane excitons. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling of few-exciton within 10 in monolayer WS2 with the plasmonic mode with a large tangential component of the electric field tightly trapped around the sharp corners of an Au@Ag nanocuboid, the fewest number of excitons observed in the TMDC family so far. Furthermore, we for the first time report a significant deviation with a relative difference of up to 100.6% between the spectrum and eigenlevel splitting dispersions, which increases with decreasing coupling strength. It is also shown that the coupling strength obtained by the conventional concept of both being equal to the measured spectrum splitting is markedly overestimated. Our work enriches the understanding of strong light-matter interactions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - He Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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32
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Mao D, Chen L, Sun Z, Zhang M, Shi ZY, Hu Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Dong H, Xie W, Xu H. Observation of transition from superfluorescence to polariton condensation in CsPbBr 3 quantum dots film. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:34. [PMID: 38291038 PMCID: PMC10828401 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The superfluorescence effect has received extensive attention due to the many-body physics of quantum correlation in dipole gas and the optical applications of ultrafast bright radiation field based on the cooperative quantum state. Here, we demonstrate not only to observe the superfluorescence effect but also to control the cooperative state of the excitons ensemble by externally applying a regulatory dimension of coupling light fields. A new quasi-particle called cooperative exciton-polariton is revealed in a light-matter hybrid structure of a perovskite quantum dot thin film spin-coated on a Distributed Bragg Reflector. Above the nonlinear threshold, polaritonic condensation occurs at a nonzero momentum state on the lower polariton branch owning to the vital role of the synchronized excitons. The phase transition from superfluorescence to polariton condensation exhibits typical signatures of a decrease of the linewidth, an increase of the macroscopic coherence as well as an accelerated radiation decay rate. These findings are promising for opening new potential applications for super-brightness and unconventional coherent light sources and could enable the exploitation of cooperative effects for quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401121, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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33
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Kang H, Ma J, Li J, Zhang X, Liu X. Exciton Polaritons in Emergent Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24449-24467. [PMID: 38051774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The "marriage" of light (i.e., photon) and matter (i.e., exciton) in semiconductors leads to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles called exciton polaritons with fascinating quantum phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and photon blockade. The research of exciton polaritons has been evolving into an era with emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and photonic structures for their tremendous potential to break the current limitations of quantum fundamental study and photonic applications. In this Perspective, the basic concepts of 2D excitons, optical resonators, and the strong coupling regime are introduced. The research progress of exciton polaritons is reviewed, and important discoveries (especially the recent ones of 2D exciton polaritons) are highlighted. Subsequently, the emergent 2D exciton polaritons are discussed in detail, ranging from the realization of the strong coupling regime in various photonic systems to the discoveries of attractive phenomena with interesting physics and extensive applications. Moreover, emerging 2D semiconductors, such as 2D perovskites (2DPK) and 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductors, are surveyed for the manipulation of exciton polaritons with distinct control degrees of freedom (DOFs). Finally, the outlook on the 2D exciton polaritons and their nonlinear interactions is presented with our initial numerical simulations. This Perspective not only aims to provide an in-depth overview of the latest fundamental findings in 2D exciton polaritons but also attempts to serve as a valuable resource to prospect explorations of quantum optics and topological photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Riminucci F, Gianfrate A, Nigro D, Ardizzone V, Dhuey S, Francaviglia L, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer LN, Ballarini D, Trypogeorgos D, Schwartzberg A, Gerace D, Sanvitto D. Polariton Condensation in Gap-Confined States of Photonic Crystal Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:246901. [PMID: 38181143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.246901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of patterned multiquantum well heterostructures in GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides has recently made it possible to achieve exciton-polariton condensation in a topologically protected bound state in the continuum (BIC). Polariton condensation was shown to occur above a saddle point of the two-dimensional polariton dispersion in a one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. A rigorous analysis of the condensation phenomenon in these systems, as well as the role of the BIC, is still missing. In the present Letter, we theoretically and experimentally fill this gap by showing that polariton confinement resulting from the negative effective mass and the photonic energy gap in the dispersion play a key role in enhancing the relaxation toward the condensed state. In fact, our results show that low-threshold polariton condensation is achieved within the effective trap created by the exciting laser spot, regardless of whether the resulting confined mode is long-lived (polariton BIC) or short-lived (lossy mode). In both cases, the spatial quantization of the polariton condensate and the threshold differences associated to the corresponding state lifetime are measured and characterized. For a given negative mass, a slightly lower condensation threshold from the polariton BIC mode is found and associated to its reduced radiative losses, as compared to the lossy one.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riminucci
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Gianfrate
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Nigro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Ardizzone
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - S Dhuey
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Francaviglia
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Trypogeorgos
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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35
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Ruta FL, Zhang S, Shao Y, Moore SL, Acharya S, Sun Z, Qiu S, Geurs J, Kim BSY, Fu M, Chica DG, Pashov D, Xu X, Xiao D, Delor M, Zhu XY, Millis AJ, Roy X, Hone JC, Dean CR, Katsnelson MI, van Schilfgaarde M, Basov DN. Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8261. [PMID: 38086835 PMCID: PMC10716151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Geurs
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Y Kim
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitar Pashov
- Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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36
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Li Z, Zhang XY, Ma R, Fu T, Zeng Y, Hu C, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Feng Y, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Wang T, Liu X, Xu H. Versatile optical manipulation of trions, dark excitons and biexcitons through contrasting exciton-photon coupling. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:295. [PMID: 38057305 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Various exciton species in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as neutral excitons, trions (charged excitons), dark excitons, and biexcitons, have been individually discovered with distinct light-matter interactions. In terms of valley-spin locked band structures and electron-hole configurations, these exciton species demonstrate flexible control of emission light with degrees of freedom (DOFs) such as intensity, polarization, frequency, and dynamics. However, it remains elusive to fully manipulate different exciton species on demand for practical photonic applications. Here, we investigate the contrasting light-matter interactions to control multiple DOFs of emission light in a hybrid monolayer WSe2-Ag nanowire (NW) structure by taking advantage of various exciton species. These excitons, including trions, dark excitons, and biexcitons, are found to couple independently with propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of Ag NW in quite different ways, thanks to the orientations of transition dipoles. Consistent with the simulations, the dark excitons and dark trions show extremely high coupling efficiency with SPPs, while the trions demonstrate directional chiral-coupling features. This study presents a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of exploiting the comprehensive spectrum of TMD excitons for optical information processing and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rundong Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Fu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Hu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ti Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, 430206, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, 430206, Wuhan, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- Henan Academy of Sciences, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
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37
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Peng K, Rabani E. Polaritonic Bottleneck in Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10587-10593. [PMID: 37910671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the relaxation dynamics of excitons is key to improving the efficiencies of semiconductor-based applications. Confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) offer additional handles to control the properties of excitons, for example, by changing their size or shape, resulting in a mismatch between excitonic gaps and phonon frequencies. This has led to the hypothesis of a significant slowing-down of exciton relaxation in strongly confined NCs, but in practice due to increasing exciton-phonon coupling and rapid multiphonon relaxation channels, the exciton relaxation depends only weakly on the size or shape. Here, we focus on elucidating the nonradiative relaxation of excitons in NCs placed in an optical cavity. We find that multiphonon emission of carrier governs the decay, resulting in a polariton-induced phonon bottleneck with relaxation time scales that are slower by orders of magnitude compared to the cavity-free case, while the photon fraction plays a secondary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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38
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Hwang MS, Park HG. Manipulating the nonlinearity of transition-metal dichalcogenide polaritons. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:275. [PMID: 37985753 PMCID: PMC10662177 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The lithographically designed potential wells in monolayer WS2 microcavities are utilized to manipulate nonlinear transition-metal dichalcogenide polaritons and enhance the polariton-reservoir interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Hwang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Shan H, Drawer JC, Sun M, Anton-Solanas C, Esmann M, Yumigeta K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Höfling S, Savenko I, Schneider C. Second-Order Temporal Coherence of Polariton Lasers Based on an Atomically Thin Crystal in a Microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:206901. [PMID: 38039456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.206901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic condensation and lasing of exciton polaritons in microcavities is a fascinating solid-state phenomenon. It provides a versatile platform to study out-of-equilibrium many-body physics and has recently appeared at the forefront of quantum technologies. Here, we study the photon statistics via the second-order temporal correlation function of polariton lasing emerging from an optical microcavity with an embedded atomically thin MoSe_{2} crystal. Furthermore, we investigate the macroscopic polariton phase transition for varying excitation powers and temperatures. The lower-polariton exhibits photon bunching below the threshold, implying a dominant thermal distribution of the emission, while above the threshold, the second-order correlation transits towards unity, which evidences the formation of a coherent state. Our findings are in agreement with a microscopic numerical model, which explicitly includes scattering with phonons on the quantum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyong Shan
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Meng Sun
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China
| | - Carlos Anton-Solanas
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Esmann
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kentaro Yumigeta
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sven Höfling
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Savenko
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515603, China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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40
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Cheng Z. Accurate Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Bosons in a Highly Anisotropic 2D Harmonic Potential. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1513. [PMID: 37998205 PMCID: PMC10670444 DOI: 10.3390/e25111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
One can derive an analytic result for the issue of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in anisotropic 2D harmonic traps. We find that the number of uncondensed bosons is represented by an analytic function, which includes a series expansion of q-digamma functions in mathematics. One can utilize this analytic result to evaluate various thermodynamic functions of ideal bosons in 2D anisotropic harmonic traps. The first major discovery is that the internal energy of a finite number of ideal bosons is a monotonically increasing function of anisotropy parameter p. The second major discovery is that, when p≥0.5, the changing with temperature of the heat capacity of a finite number of ideal bosons possesses the maximum value, which happens at critical temperature Tc. The third major discovery is that, when 0.1≤p<0.5, the changing with temperature of the heat capacity of a finite number of ideal bosons possesses an inflection point, but when p<0.1, the inflection point disappears. The fourth major discovery is that, in the thermodynamic limit, at Tc and when p≥0.5, the heat capacity at constant number reveals a cusp singularity, which resembles the λ-transition of liquid helium-4. The fifth major discovery is that, in comparison to 2D isotropic harmonic traps (p=1), the singular peak of the specific heat becomes very gentle when p is lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Cheng
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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41
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Chen X, Alnatah H, Mao D, Xu M, Fan Y, Wan Q, Beaumariage J, Xie W, Xu H, Shi ZY, Snoke D, Sun Z, Wu J. Bose Condensation of Upper-Branch Exciton-Polaritons in a Transferable Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9538-9546. [PMID: 37818838 PMCID: PMC10603810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are composite quasiparticles that result from the coupling of excitonic transitions and optical modes. They have been extensively studied because of their quantum phenomena and potential applications in unconventional coherent light sources and all-optical control elements. In this work, we report the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of the upper polariton branch in a transferable WS2 monolayer microcavity. Near the condensation threshold, we observe a nonlinear increase in upper polariton intensity accompanied by a decrease in line width and an increase in temporal coherence, all of which are hallmarks of Bose-Einstein condensation. Simulations show that this condensation occurs within a specific particle density range, depending on the excitonic properties and pumping conditions. The manifestation of upper polariton condensation unlocks new possibilities for studying the condensate competition while linking it to practical realizations in polaritonic lasers. Our findings contribute to the understanding of bosonic systems and offer potential for the development of polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hassan Alnatah
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Danqun Mao
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuening Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiaochu Wan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jonathan Beaumariage
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Wei Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - David Snoke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zheng Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing
Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401121, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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42
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Sangeetha A, Reivanth K, Thrupthika T, Ramya S, Nataraj D. Strong coupling of hybrid states of light and matter in cavity-coupled quantum dot solids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16662. [PMID: 37794042 PMCID: PMC10551025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of plasmon-exciton (plexciton) polariton is a direct consequence of strong light-matter interaction, and it happens in a semiconductor-metal hybrid system. Here the formation of plasmon-exciton polaritons was observed from an AgTe/CdTe Quantum Dot (QD) solid system in the strong coupling regime. The strong coupling was achieved by increasing the oscillator strength of the excitons by forming coupled QD solids. The anti-crossing-like behaviour indicates the strong coupling between plasmonic and excitons state in AgTe/CdTe QD solids, resulting in a maximum Rabi splitting value of 225 meV at room temperature. The formation of this hybrid state of matter and its dynamics were studied through absorption, photoluminescence, and femtosecond transient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Sangeetha
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Reivanth
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thankappan Thrupthika
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniam Ramya
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Nataraj
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
- UGC-CPEPA Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics for the Development of Solar Energy Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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43
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Zhai X, Ma X, Gao Y, Xing C, Gao M, Dai H, Wang X, Pan A, Schumacher S, Gao T. Electrically Controlling Vortices in a Neutral Exciton-Polariton Condensate at Room Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:136901. [PMID: 37831991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating bosonic condensates with electric fields is very challenging as the electric fields do not directly interact with the neutral particles of the condensate. Here we demonstrate a simple electric method to tune the vorticity of exciton-polariton condensates in a strong coupling liquid crystal (LC) microcavity with CsPbBr_{3} microplates as active material at room temperature. In such a microcavity, the LC molecular director can be electrically modulated giving control over the polariton condensation in different modes. For isotropic nonresonant optical pumping we demonstrate the spontaneous formation of vortices with topological charges of +1, +2, -2, and -1. The topological vortex charge is controlled by a voltage in the range of 1 to 10 V applied to the microcavity sample. This control is achieved by the interplay of a built-in potential gradient, the anisotropy of the optically active perovskite microplates, and the electrically controllable LC molecular director in our system with intentionally broken rotational symmetry. Besides the fundamental interest in the achieved electric polariton vortex control at room temperature, our work paves the way to micron-sized emitters with electric control over the emitted light's phase profile and quantized orbital angular momentum for information processing and integration into photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhai
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunzi Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meini Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Tingge Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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44
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Kim B, Chen KT, Chen KY, Chiu YS, Hsu CY, Chen YH, Yu IA. Experimental Demonstration of Stationary Dark-State Polaritons Dressed by Dipole-Dipole Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:133001. [PMID: 37832013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Dark-state polaritons (DSPs) based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency are bosonic quasiparticles, representing the superpositions of photons and atomic ground-state coherences. It has been proposed that stationary DSPs are governed by the equation of motion closely similar to the Schrödinger equation and can be employed to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) with transition temperature orders of magnitude higher than that of the atomic BEC. The stationary-DSP BEC is a three-dimensional system and has a far longer lifetime than the exciton-polariton BEC. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrated the stationary DSP dressed by the Rydberg-state dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). The DDI-induced phase shift of the stationary DSP was systematically studied. Notably, the experimental data are consistent with the theoretical predictions. The phase shift can be viewed as a consequence of elastic collisions. In terms of thermalization to achieve BEC, the μm^{2}-size interaction cross section of the DDI can produce a sufficient elastic collision rate for the stationary DSPs. This Letter makes a substantial advancement toward the realization of the stationary-DSP BEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjune Kim
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Tang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-You Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ite A Yu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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45
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Chen Y, Shi Y, Gan Y, Liu H, Li T, Ghosh S, Xiong Q. Unraveling the Ultrafast Coherent Dynamics of Exciton Polariton Propagation at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8704-8711. [PMID: 37681647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are widely considered as promising platforms for developing room-temperature polaritonic devices, owing to the high-speed propagation and nonlinear interactions. However, it remains challenging to explore the dynamics of exciton polaritons specifically at room temperature, where the lifetime could be as small as a few picoseconds and the prevailing time-averaged measurement cannot give access to the true nature of it. Herein, by using the time-resolved photoluminescence, we have successfully traced the ultrafast coherent dynamics of a moving exciton polariton condensate in a one-dimensional perovskite microcavity. The propagation speed is directly measured to be ∼12.2 ± 0.8 μm/ps. Moreover, we have developed a time-resolved Michelson interferometry to quantify the time-dependent phase coherence, which reveals that the actual coherence time of exciton polaritons could be much longer (nearly 100%) than what was believed before. Our work sheds new light on the ultrafast coherent propagation of exciton polaritons at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusong Gan
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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46
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Wang T, Zhang D, Yang S, Lin Z, Chen Q, Yang J, Gong Q, Chen Z, Ye Y, Liu W. Magnetically-dressed CrSBr exciton-polaritons in ultrastrong coupling regime. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5966. [PMID: 37749106 PMCID: PMC10520032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, exciton-polaritons have attracted substantial research interest due to their half-light-half-matter bosonic nature. Coupling exciton-polaritons with magnetic orders grants access to rich many-body phenomena, but has been limited by the availability of material systems that exhibit simultaneous exciton resonances and magnetic ordering. Here we report magnetically-dressed microcavity exciton-polaritons in the van der Waals antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor CrSBr coupled to a Tamm plasmon microcavity. Using angle-resolved spectroscopy, we reveal an exceptionally high exciton-photon coupling strength, up to 169 meV, demonstrating ultrastrong coupling that persists up to room temperature. By performing temperature-dependent spectroscopy, we show the magnetic nature of the exciton-polaritons in CrSBr microcavity as the magnetic order changes from AFM to paramagnetic. By applying an out-of-plane magnetic field, we achieve effective tuning of the polariton energy while maintaining the ultrastrong exciton-photon coupling strength. We attribute this to the spin canting process that modulates the interlayer exciton interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongchong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quan Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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47
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Peruffo N, Bruschi M, Fresch B, Mancin F, Collini E. Identification of Design Principles for the Preparation of Colloidal Plexcitonic Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12793-12806. [PMID: 37641919 PMCID: PMC10501205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal plexcitonic materials (CPMs) are a class of nanosystems where molecular dyes are strongly coupled with colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles, acting as nanocavities that enhance the light field. As a result of this strong coupling, new hybrid states are formed, called plexcitons, belonging to the broader family of polaritons. With respect to other families of polaritonic materials, CPMs are cheap and easy to prepare through wet chemistry methodologies. Still, clear structure-to-properties relationships are not available, and precise rules to drive the materials' design to obtain the desired optical properties are still missing. To fill this gap, in this article, we prepared a dataset with all CPMs reported in the literature, rationalizing their design by focusing on their three main relevant components (the plasmonic nanoparticles, the molecular dyes, and the capping layers) and identifying the most used and efficient combinations. With the help of statistical analysis, we also found valuable correlations between structure, coupling regime, and optical properties. The results of this analysis are expected to be relevant for the rational design of new CPMs with controllable and predictable photophysical properties to be exploited in a vast range of technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Peruffo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruschi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Fresch
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, via Gradenigo 6/A, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, via Gradenigo 6/A, 35122 Padova, Italy
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48
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Yu Y, Li G, Xu Y, Hu C, Liu X, Cao L. Phase Diagram of High-Temperature Electron-Hole Quantum Droplet in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15474-15481. [PMID: 37540772 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum liquids, systems exhibiting effects of quantum mechanics and quantum statistics at macroscopic levels, represent one of the most exciting research frontiers of modern physical science and engineering. Notable examples include Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), superconductivity, quantum entanglement, and a quantum liquid. However, quantum liquids are usually only stable at cryogenic temperatures, significantly limiting fundamental studies and device development. Here we demonstrate the formation of stable electron-hole liquid (EHL) with the quantum statistic nature at temperatures as high as 700 K in monolayer MoS2 and elucidate that the high-temperature EHL exists as droplets in sizes of around 100-160 nm. We also develop a thermodynamic model of high-temperature EHL and, based on the model, compile an exciton phase diagram, revealing that the ionized photocarrier drives the gas-liquid transition, which is subsequently validated with experimental results. The high-temperature EHL provides a model system to enable opportunities for studies in the pursuit of other high-temperature quantum liquids. The results can also allow for the development of quantum liquid devices with practical applications in quantum information processing, optoelectronics, and optical interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Yu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chong Hu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Linyou Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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49
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Weber T, Kühner L, Sortino L, Ben Mhenni A, Wilson NP, Kühne J, Finley JJ, Maier SA, Tittl A. Intrinsic strong light-matter coupling with self-hybridized bound states in the continuum in van der Waals metasurfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:970-976. [PMID: 37349392 PMCID: PMC10390334 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide a standout platform for strong light-matter coupling with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) but have so far mostly been implemented as traditional all-dielectric metasurfaces with adjacent TMDC layers, incurring limitations related to strain, mode overlap and material integration. Here, we demonstrate intrinsic strong coupling in BIC-driven metasurfaces composed of nanostructured bulk tungsten disulfide (WS2) and exhibiting resonances with sharp, tailored linewidths and selective enhancement of light-matter interactions. Tuning of the BIC resonances across the exciton resonance in bulk WS2 is achieved by varying the metasurface unit cells, enabling strong coupling with an anticrossing pattern and a Rabi splitting of 116 meV. Crucially, the coupling strength itself can be controlled and is shown to be independent of material-intrinsic losses. Our self-hybridized metasurface platform can readily incorporate other TMDCs or excitonic materials to deliver fundamental insights and practical device concepts for polaritonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weber
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amine Ben Mhenni
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Nathan P Wilson
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Julius Kühne
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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50
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Yu ZF, Xue JK. Photonic transistor based on a coupled-cavity system with polaritons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:26276-26288. [PMID: 37710491 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the transmission of probe fields in a coupled-cavity system with polaritons and propose a theoretical schema for realizing a polariton-based photonic transistor. When probe light passes through such a hybrid optomechanical device, its resonant point with Stokes or anti-Stokes scattered effects, intensity with amplification or attenuation effects, as well as group velocity with slow or fast light effects can be effectively controlled by another pump light. This controlling depends on the exciton-photon coupling and single-photon coupling. We also discover an asymmetric Fano resonance in transparency windows under the strong exciton-photon coupling, which is different from general symmetric optomechanically induced transparency. Our results open up exciting possibilities for designing photonic transistors, which may be useful for implementing polariton integrated circuits.
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