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Barone V, Scirocco L, Surico PL, Micera A, Cutrupi F, Coassin M, Di Zazzo A. Mast cells and ocular surface: An update review. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109982. [PMID: 38942134 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), traditionally viewed as key players in IgE-mediated allergic responses, are increasingly recognized for their versatile roles. Situated at critical barrier sites such as the ocular surface, these sentinel cells participate in a broad array of physiological and pathological processes. This review presents a comprehensive update on the immune pathophysiology of MCs, with a particular focus on the mechanisms underlying innate immunity. It highlights their roles at the ocular surface, emphasizing their participation in allergic reactions, maintenance of corneal homeostasis, neovascularization, wound healing, and immune responses in corneal grafts. The review also explores the potential of MCs as therapeutic targets, given their significant contributions to disease pathogenesis and their capacity to modulate immunity. Through a thorough examination of current literature, we aim to elucidate the immune pathophysiology and multifaceted roles of MCs in ocular surface health and disease, suggesting directions for future research and therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Barone
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Scirocco
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cutrupi
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy; Rare Corneal Diseases Center, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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Antony F, Kinha D, Nowińska A, Rouse BT, Suryawanshi A. The immunobiology of corneal HSV-1 infection and herpetic stromal keratitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0000624. [PMID: 39078136 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00006-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYHuman alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful neurotropic pathogen that primarily infects the epithelial cells lining the orofacial mucosa. After primary lytic replication in the oral, ocular, and nasal mucosal epithelial cells, HSV-1 establishes life-long latency in neurons within the trigeminal ganglion. Patients with compromised immune systems experience frequent reactivation of HSV-1 from latency, leading to virus entry in the sensory neurons, followed by anterograde transport and lytic replication at the innervated mucosal epithelial surface. Although recurrent infection of the corneal mucosal surface is rare, it can result in a chronic immuno-inflammatory condition called herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK leads to gradual vision loss and can cause permanent blindness in severe untreated cases. Currently, there is no cure or successful vaccine to prevent latent or recurrent HSV-1 infections, posing a significant clinical challenge to managing HSK and preventing vision loss. The conventional clinical management of HSK primarily relies on anti-virals to suppress HSV-1 replication, anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids) to provide symptomatic relief from pain and inflammation, and surgical interventions in more severe cases to replace damaged cornea. However, each clinical treatment strategy has limitations, such as local and systemic drug toxicities and the emergence of anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains. In this review, we summarize the factors and immune cells involved in HSK pathogenesis and highlight alternate therapeutic strategies for successful clinical management of HSK. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of immunoregulatory cytokines and immunometabolism modulators as promising HSK therapies against emerging anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrin Antony
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Divya Kinha
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Nowińska
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Ophthalmology Department, Railway Hospital in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barry T Rouse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Deng Q, Gao Y, Wang Y, Mao J, Yan Y, Yang Z, Cong Y, Yang Y, Wan S. LSD1 inhibition by tranylcypromine hydrochloride reduces alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization and ferroptosis by suppressing HIF-1α pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1411513. [PMID: 39130627 PMCID: PMC11316257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a sight-threatening condition that necessitates epigenetic control. The role of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in CNV remains unclear, despite its established significance in tumor angiogenesis regulation. Methods An alkali burn-induced CNV mouse model was used in vivo. The effects of LSD1 inhibitor tranylcypromine hydrochloride (TCP) were examined through slit lamp, histological staining, and immunofluorescence. The expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels were assessed in corneal tissues. Oxidative stress and ferrous ion expression during CNV were determined using 4-HNE, GPX4, and FerroOrange staining. In vitro, a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model was established using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to study LSD1 or hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) knockdown and lentiviral overexpression of HIF-1α. The effects on HUVECs migration, invasion, and angiogenesis were evaluated through cell scratching assay, transwell migration assay and tube formation assay. The role of ferroptosis was investigated using ROS staining, FerroOrange staining, and key ferroptosis proteins. Further, The JAK2/STAT3 pathway's involvement in CNV regulation was explored through in vivo experiments with subconjunctival injection of AG490. Results The results showed a substantial correlation between corneal damage and LSD1 levels. In addition, HIF-1α expression was also elevated after alkali burns, and subconjunctival injection of TCP reduced corneal inflammation and neovascularization. Corneal alkali burns increased ROS levels and reduced antioxidative stress indicators, accompanied by elevated ferrous ion levels, which were reversed by TCP injection. In vitro, TCP or siRNAs inhibited H/R-induced ferroptosis and angiogenesis in HUVECs by affecting specific protein expressions and MDA, SOD, and GSH levels. HIF-1α levels, associated with ROS production, ferroptosis, and angiogenesis, increased during H/R, but were reversed by TCP or siRNA administration. HIF-1α overexpression counteracted the effects of LSD1 inhibition. Additionally, AG490 injection effectively reduced HIF-1α and VEGFA expression in the CNV model. Discussion These findings suggest that LSD1 inhibition via the HIF-1α-driven pathway prevents angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in corneal alkali burn-induced CNV, highlighting LSD1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Pu G, Liang Z, Shi J, Tao Y, Lu P, Qing H, Zhang J. Enhancing the Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization Efficacy by Self-Assembled into Supramolecular Hydrogel of Anti-Angiogenic Peptide. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7605-7616. [PMID: 39081898 PMCID: PMC11287374 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s465965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a common eye disease that leads to blindness. New treatment strategies are urgently needed due to the limitations of current treatment methods. Methods We report the synthesis of peptide Nap-FFEEPCAIWF ( Comp.3 ) via chemical conjugation of Nap-FFEE ( Comp.2 ) to antiangiogenic peptide PCAIWF (Comp.1). Comp.3 self-assembled into a hydrogel ( gel of 3 ) composed of nanofibers, which enhanced the antiangiogenic function of the epitope. Results We developed a novel peptide with an amphiphilic framework, Comp.3 , which could self-assemble into a supramolecular hydrogel with a well-ordered nanofiber structure. The nanofibers exhibited good biocompatibility with corneal epithelial cells, presenting a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of free peptide-based drugs in the treatment of ocular vascular diseases, such as CNV and other angiogenesis-related diseases. Conclusion Nap-FFEEPCAIWF nanofibers provide an alternative approach to enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of free peptide-based drugs against ocular vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Pu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieran Shi
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Qing
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
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Garcia-Gonzalez I, Rocha SF, Hamidi A, Garcia-Ortega L, Regano A, Sanchez-Muñoz M, Lytvyn M, Garcia-Cabero A, Roig-Soucase S, Schoofs H, Castro M, Sabata H, Potente M, Graupera M, Makinen T, Benedito R. iSuRe-HadCre is an essential tool for effective conditional genetics. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:e56. [PMID: 38850155 PMCID: PMC11260470 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods for modifying gene function at high spatiotemporal resolution in mice have revolutionized biomedical research, with Cre-loxP being the most widely used technology. However, the Cre-loxP technology has several drawbacks, including weak activity, leakiness, toxicity, and low reliability of existing Cre-reporters. This is mainly because different genes flanked by loxP sites (floxed) vary widely in their sensitivity to Cre-mediated recombination. Here, we report the generation, validation, and utility of iSuRe-HadCre, a new dual Cre-reporter and deleter mouse line that avoids these drawbacks. iSuRe-HadCre achieves this through a novel inducible dual-recombinase genetic cascade that ensures that cells expressing a fluorescent reporter had only transient Cre activity, that is nonetheless sufficient to effectively delete floxed genes. iSuRe-HadCre worked reliably in all cell types and for the 13 floxed genes tested. This new tool will enable the precise, efficient, and trustworthy analysis of gene function in entire mouse tissues or in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Garcia-Gonzalez
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana F Rocha
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anahita Hamidi
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garcia-Ortega
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Regano
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria S Sanchez-Muñoz
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariya Lytvyn
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aroa Garcia-Cabero
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Roig-Soucase
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans Schoofs
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Castro
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Center of Vascular Biomedicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Sabata
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Center of Vascular Biomedicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Taija Makinen
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Moon SY, Kim HJ, Kim JK, Kim J, Choi JS, Won SY, Park K, Lee SHS. An examination of the mechanisms driving the therapeutic effects of an AAV expressing a soluble variant of VEGF receptor-1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305466. [PMID: 38990973 PMCID: PMC11239064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In previous animal model studies, we demonstrated the potential of rAAV2-sVEGFRv-1, which encodes a truncated variant of the alternatively spliced soluble version of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR1), as a human gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we elucidate in vitro some of the mechanisms by which rAAV2-sVEGFRv-1 exerts its therapeutic effects. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were infected with rAAV2-sVEGFRv-1 or a control virus vector in the presence of members of the VEGF family to identify potential binding partners via ELISA, which showed that VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF) are all ligands of its transgene product. In order to determine the effects of rAAV2-sVEGFRv-1 on cell proliferation and permeability, processes that are important to the progression AMD and DR, HUVECs were infected with the therapeutic virus vector under the stimulation of VEGF-A, the major driver of the neovascularization that characterizes the forms of these conditions most associated with vision loss. rAAV2-sVEGFRv-1 treatment, as a result, markedly reduced the extent to which these processes occurred, with the latter determined by measuring zonula occludens 1 expression. Finally, the human microglial HMC3 cell line was used to show the effects of the therapeutic virus vector upon inflammatory processes, another major contributor to angiogenic eye disease pathophysiology, with rAAV2-sVEGFRv-1 reducing therein the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Combined with our previously published in vivo data, the in vitro activity of the expressed transgene here further demonstrates the great promise of rAAV2-sVEGFRv-1 as a potential human gene therapeutic for addressing angiogenic ocular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yun Moon
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Kwon Kim
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Choi
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Keerang Park
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Steven Hyun Seung Lee
- Institute of New Drug Development Research, CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- CdmoGen Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
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7
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Datta D, Priyanka Bandi S, Colaco V, Dhas N, Siva Reddy DV, Vora LK. Fostering the unleashing potential of nanocarriers-mediated delivery of ocular therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124192. [PMID: 38703931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular delivery is the most challenging aspect in the field of pharmaceutical research. The major hurdle for the controlled delivery of drugs to the eye includes the physiological static barriers such as the complex layers of the cornea, sclera and retina which restrict the drug from permeating into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Recent years have witnessed inventions in the field of conventional and nanocarrier drug delivery which have shown considerable enhancement in delivering small to large molecules across the eye. The dynamic challenges associated with conventional systems include limited drug contact time and inadequate ocular bioavailability resulting from solution drainage, tear turnover, and dilution or lacrimation. To this end, various bioactive-based nanosized carriers including liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, dendrimer, nanogel, nanofibers, contact lenses, nanoprobes, selenium nanobells, nanosponge, polymeric micelles, silver nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles among others have been developed to circumvent the limitations associated with the conventional dosage forms. These nanocarriers have been shown to achieve enhanced drug permeation or retention and prolong drug release in the ocular tissue due to their better tissue adherence. The surface charge and the size of nanocarriers (10-1000 nm) are the important key factors to overcome ocular barriers. Various nanocarriers have been shown to deliver active therapeutic molecules including timolol maleate, ampicillin, natamycin, voriconazole, cyclosporine A, dexamethasone, moxifloxacin, and fluconazole among others for the treatment of anterior and posterior eye diseases. Taken together, in a nutshell, this extensive review provides a comprehensive perspective on the numerous facets of ocular drug delivery with a special focus on bioactive nanocarrier-based approaches, including the difficulties and constraints involved in the fabrication of nanocarriers. This also provides the detailed invention, applications, biodistribution and safety-toxicity of nanocarriers-based therapeutcis for the ophthalmic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjan Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| | - Sony Priyanka Bandi
- Loka Laboratories Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Viola Colaco
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - D V Siva Reddy
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX78227, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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8
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Thakur A, Rana M, Mishra A, Kaur C, Pan CH, Nepali K. Recent advances and future directions on small molecule VEGFR inhibitors in oncological conditions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116472. [PMID: 38728867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
"A journey of mixed emotions" is a quote that best describes the progress chart of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors as cancer therapeutics in the last decade. Exhilarated with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of numerous VEGFR inhibitors coupled with the annoyance of encountering the complications associated with their use, drug discovery enthusiasts are on their toes with an unswerving determination to enhance the rate of translation of VEGFR inhibitors from preclinical to clinical stage. The recently crafted armory of VEGFR inhibitors is a testament to their growing dominance over other antiangiogenic therapies for cancer treatment. This review perspicuously underscores the earnest attempts of the researchers to extract the antiproliferative potential of VEGFR inhibitors through the design of mechanistically diverse structural assemblages. Moreover, this review encompasses sections on structural/molecular properties and physiological functions of VEGFR, FDA-approved VEGFR inhibitors, and hurdles restricting the activity range/clinical applicability of VEGFR targeting antitumor agents. In addition, tactics to overcome the limitations of VEGFR inhibitors are discussed. A clear-cut viewpoint transmitted through this compilation can provide practical directions to push the cart of VEGFR inhibitors to advanced-stage clinical investigations in diverse malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Anshul Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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9
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Suanno G, Genna VG, Maurizi E, Dieh AA, Griffith M, Ferrari G. Cell therapy in the cornea: The emerging role of microenvironment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101275. [PMID: 38797320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The cornea is an ideal testing field for cell therapies. Its highly ordered structure, where specific cell populations are sequestered in different layers, together with its accessibility, has allowed the development of the first stem cell-based therapy approved by the European Medicine Agency. Today, different techniques have been proposed for autologous and allogeneic limbal and non-limbal cell transplantation. Cell replacement has also been attempted in cases of endothelial cell decompensation as it occurs in Fuchs dystrophy: injection of cultivated allogeneic endothelial cells is now in advanced phases of clinical development. Recently, stromal substitutes have been developed with excellent integration capability and transparency. Finally, cell-derived products, such as exosomes obtained from different sources, have been investigated for the treatment of severe corneal diseases with encouraging results. Optimization of the success rate of cell therapies obviously requires high-quality cultured cells/products, but the role of the surrounding microenvironment is equally important to allow engraftment of transplanted cells, to preserve their functions and, ultimately, lead to restoration of tissue integrity and transparency of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ''S. Ferrari'', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anas Abu Dieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Malekan M, Haass NK, Rokni GR, Gholizadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Kazeminejad A. VEGF/VEGFR axis and its signaling in melanoma: Current knowledge toward therapeutic targeting agents and future perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 345:122563. [PMID: 38508233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer-associated deaths globally. The progression of melanoma is influenced by a number of pathogenic processes. Understanding the VEGF/VEGFR axis, which includes VEGF-A, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D and their receptors, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, is of great importance in melanoma due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. This axis generates multifactorial and complex cellular signaling, engaging the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, PKC, PLC-γ, and FAK signaling pathways. Melanoma cell growth and proliferation, migration and metastasis, survival, and acquired resistance to therapy are influenced by this axis. The VEGF/VEGFR axis was extensively examined for their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in melanoma patients and results showed that VEGF overexpression can be associated with unfavorable prognosis, higher level of tumor invasion and poor response to therapy. MicroRNAs linking to the VEGF/VEGFR axis were identified and, in this review, divided into two categories according to their functions, some of them promote melanoma angiogenesis (promotive group) and some restrict melanoma angiogenesis (protective group). In addition, the approach of treating melanoma by targeting the VEGF/VEGFR axis has garnered significant interest among researchers. These agents can be divided into two main groups: anti-VEGF and VEGFR inhibitors. These therapeutic options may be a prominent step along with the modern targeting and immune therapies for better coverage of pathological processes leading to melanoma progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | | | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armaghan Kazeminejad
- Department of Dermatology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari, Iran
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11
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Wu D, Chan KE, Lim BXH, Lim DKA, Wong WM, Chai C, Manotosh R, Lim CHL. Management of corneal neovascularization: Current and emerging therapeutic approaches. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:S354-S371. [PMID: 38648452 PMCID: PMC467007 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3043_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a sight-threatening condition affecting an estimated 1.4 million people per year, and the incidence is expected to rise. It is a complication of corneal pathological diseases such as infective keratitis, chemical burn, corneal limbal stem cell deficiency, mechanical trauma, and immunological rejection after keratoplasties. CoNV occurs due to a disequilibrium in proangiogenic and antiangiogenic mediators, involving a complex system of molecular interactions. Treatment of CoNV is challenging, and no therapy thus far has been curative. Anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment due to their accessibility and well-studied safety profile. However, they have limited effectiveness and are unable to regress more mature neovascularization. With the advent of advanced imaging modalities and an expanding understanding of its pathogenesis, contemporary treatments targeting a wide array of molecular mechanisms and surgical options are gaining traction. This review aims to summarize evidence regarding conventional and emerging therapeutic options for CoNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Blanche Xiao Hong Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawn Ka-Ann Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wendy Meihua Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ray Manotosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chris Hong Long Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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12
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Jamaludin MI, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Cheng TC. Clinical Outcomes of Topical Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization. Cureus 2024; 16:e59548. [PMID: 38707752 PMCID: PMC11065774 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective In corneal neovascularization, the peri-corneal vascular structure grows into a normally avascular cornea. This is due to an imbalance between the angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors that sustain corneal transparency. There are various etiologies of this condition, and they can be divided into infective or non-infective causes, such as inflammation, trauma, or surgical causes. Corneal neovascularization has been shown to improve with the current treatments using steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical bevacizumab as an anti-angiogenic agent in patients with corneal neovascularization. Methods This retrospective study included patients who suffered corneal neovascularization of various etiologies and completed six months of topical bevacizumab therapy between 2020 and 2022 at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Results A total of 16 patients received treatment with topical bevacizumab over the three-year study period. Based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 patients were eligible for inclusion in this study. Eight patients (66%) showed improvement in terms of either 'clock hours' of improvement, morphology, or regression of corneal neovascularization. All infective causes of corneal neovascularization showed improvement on completion of bevacizumab compared to other causes. Conclusion Topical bevacizumab can be one of the treatment choices for corneal neovascularization. As the outcome varies depending on the severity and chronicity of the condition, the attending ophthalmologist should treat each case differently. Although topical bevacizumab is more effective in mild and moderate cases, the indications for its use in chronic cases remain debatable as the results are unfavorable in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teck Chee Cheng
- Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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13
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Wu X, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Hou T, He Y. New targets of nascent lymphatic vessels in ocular diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1374627. [PMID: 38529484 PMCID: PMC10961382 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1374627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of endothelial markers of lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenic factors have shed light on the association between several ocular diseases and ocular nascent lymphatic vessels. The immune privilege of corneal tissue typically limits the formation of lymphatic vessels in a healthy eye. However, vessels in the eyes can potentially undergo lymphangiogenesis and be conditionally activated. It is evident that nascent lymphatic vessels in the eyes contribute to various ocular pathologies. Conversely, lymphatic vessels are present in the corneal limbus, ciliary body, lacrimal glands, optic nerve sheaths, and extraocular muscles, while a lymphatic vasculature-like system exists in the choroid, that can potentially cause several ocular pathologies. Moreover, numerous studies indicate that many ocular diseases can influence or activate nascent lymphatic vessels, ultimately affecting patient prognosis. By understanding the mechanisms underlying the onset, development, and regression of ocular nascent lymphatic vessels, as well as exploring related research on ocular diseases, this article aims to offer novel perspectives for the treatment of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunkun Ma
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Wang X, Wang P. Effect of a protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor on the angiogenesis of HUVECs and corneal neovascularization. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:154-162. [PMID: 37261487 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a vision-threatening disease and an increasing public health concern. It was found that administering an Akt inhibitor in the second phase of retinopathy significantly decreased retinal neovascularization. METHODS This study investigated the effect of an Akt inhibitor on the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its impacts on the degree of CNV and corneal opacity in a rat keratoplasty model. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, tube formation assays, cell scratch experiments, and a fully allogeneic corneal transplant model were performed. RESULTS It was found that an Akt inhibitor inhibited the proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration of HUVECs induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The results showed that both CNV and corneal opacity were decreased in rats after Akt inhibitor administration. CONCLUSION The research illustrates the vital role of Akt inhibitors in mediating CNV. The analysis shows that the Akt inhibitor may provide a novel and feasible therapeutic approach to prevent CNV, but its mechanism needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Lai J, Rigas Y, Kantor N, Cohen N, Tomlinson A, St. Leger AJ, Galor A. Living with your biome: how the bacterial microbiome impacts ocular surface health and disease. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 19:89-103. [PMID: 38764699 PMCID: PMC11101146 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2024.2306582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Microbiome research has grown exponentially but the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) remains an area in need of further study. This review aims to explore its complexity, disease-related microbial changes, and immune interactions, and highlights the potential for its manipulation as a therapeutic for ocular surface diseases. Areas Covered We introduce the OSM by location and describe what constitutes a normal OSM. Second, we highlight aspects of the ocular immune system and discuss potential immune microbiome interactions in health and disease. Finally, we highlight how microbiome manipulation may have therapeutic potential for ocular surface diseases. Expert Opinion The ocular surface microbiome varies across its different regions, with a core phyla identified, but with genus variability. A few studies have linked microbiome composition to diseases like dry eye but more research is needed, including examining microbiome interactions with the host. Studies have noted that manipulating the microbiome may impact disease presentation. As such, microbiome manipulation via diet, oral and topical pre and probiotics, and hygienic measures may provide new therapeutic algorithms in ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lai
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yannis Rigas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Kantor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Noah Cohen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ana Tomlinson
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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16
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Zhang X, Wang G, Wang Q, Jiang R. Dexamethasone and MicroRNA-204 Inhibit Corneal Neovascularization. Mil Med 2024; 189:374-378. [PMID: 36043264 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This was an in vivo animal study designed to investigate the interaction between dexamethasone (Dex) and microRNA-204 (miR-204) in a mouse alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) model. The function of miR-204 was then investigated in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CNV model was induced by corneal alkali burn in BLAB/c mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control (Ctrl), alkali burn-induced corneal injury (Alkali), alkali burn + Dex (Dex), alkali burn + negative control (NTC), and alkali burn + miR-204 agomir (miR-204). Subconjunctival injection of NTC, Dex, or miR-204 agomir was conducted at 0, 3, and 6 days, respectively, after alkali burn. The corneas were collected at day 7 after injury, and the CNV area was observed using immunofluorescence staining. The expression of miR-204 was analyzed with quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR. In HMECs, exogenous miR-204 agomir or antagomir was used to strengthen or inhibit the expression of miR-204. Migration assays and tube formation studies were conducted to evaluate the function of miR-204 on HMECs. RESULTS At 7 days post-alkali burn, CNV grew aggressively into the cornea. MicroRNA-204 expression was reduced in the Alkali group in contrast with the Ctrl group (P = .003). However, miR-204 was upregulated in the Dex group (vs. alkali group, P = .008). The CNV areas in the NTC and miR-204 groups were 59.30 ± 8.32% and 25.60 ± 2.30%, respectively (P = .002). In vitro, miR-204 agomir showed obvious inhibition on HMEC migration in contrast with NTC (P = .033) and miR-204 antagomir (P = .017). Compared with NTC, miR-204 agomir attenuated tube formation, while miR-204 antagomir accelerated HMEC tube formation (P < .05). CONCLUSION The role of Dex in attenuating CNV may be partly attributed to miR-204. MiR-204 may be a potential therapeutic target in alkali burn-induced CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
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17
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Swamynathan S, Campbell G, Sohnen P, Kaur S, St. Leger AJ, Swamynathan SK. The Secreted Ly6/uPAR-Related Protein 1 (Slurp1) Modulates Corneal Angiogenic Inflammation Via NF-κB Signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:37. [PMID: 38252525 PMCID: PMC10810026 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously we demonstrated that the secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein 1 (SLURP1), abundantly expressed in the corneal epithelium (CE) and secreted into the tear fluid, serves as an antiangiogenic molecule. Here we describe the Slurp1-null (Slurp1X-/-) mouse corneal response to silver nitrate (AgNO3) cautery. Methods Five days after AgNO3 cautery, we compared the wild-type (WT) and Slurp1X-/- mouse (1) corneal neovascularization (CNV) and immune cell influx by whole-mount immunofluorescent staining for CD31 and CD45, (2) macrophage and neutrophil infiltration by flow cytometry, and (3) gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining, and immunoblots were employed to evaluate the expression, phosphorylation status, and subcellular localization of NF-κB pathway components. Results Unlike the WT, the Slurp1X-/- corneas displayed denser CNV in response to AgNO3 cautery, with more infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils and greater upregulation of the transcripts encoding VEGFA, MMP2, IL-1b, and vimentin. At 2, 7, and 10 days after AgNO3 cautery, Slurp1 expression was significantly downregulated in the WT corneas. Compared with the WT, naive Slurp1X-/- CE displayed increased phosphorylation of IKK(a/b), elevated phosphorylation of IκB with decreased amounts of total IκB, and higher phosphorylation of NF-κB, suggesting that NF-κB signaling is constitutively active in naive Slurp1X-/- corneas. Conclusions Enhanced angiogenic inflammation in AgNO3 cauterized Slurp1X-/- corneas and constitutively active status of NF-κB signaling in the absence of Slurp1 suggest that Slurp1 modulates corneal angiogenic inflammation via NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gregory Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Peri Sohnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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18
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Šulavíková Z, Šustykevičová Z, Káčerik M, Krásnik V. Effect of Intravitreal Aflibercept on Corneal Endothelial Cells. CESKA A SLOVENSKA OFTALMOLOGIE : CASOPIS CESKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2024; 80:202-207. [PMID: 38538293 DOI: 10.31348/2024/18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of repeated intravitreal injections of aflibercept on the corneal endothelium in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS In a prospective study conducted between January 2021 and November 2023, a total of 87 treatment-naive eyes with DME and RVO were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were surgery or laser intervention during the follow-up period, contact lens wear, cataract surgery in the last 6 months, dystrophy, or other corneal condition that may cause endothelial damage. In addition to routine examinations on the day of application, we also measured the corneal endothelium using specular microscopy on the 1st, 4th and 8th day of injection. We evaluated 4 parameters: endothelial cell density (CD), hexagonality (HEX), coefficient of variability (CV) and central corneal thickness (CCT). First of all, we evaluated the entire cohort of eyes, and then divided it according to 2 criteria; the diagnosis into DME/RVO and according to the lens status into phakic/pseudophakic eyes. RESULTS A total of 87 eyes of 68 patients were evaluated. The average age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 66.8 ±9.3 years. Within the cohort 51 (59%) eyes were phakic and 36 (41%) pseudophakic. A total of 61 (70%) eyes with a diagnosis of DME were treated, and 26 (30%) with RVO. During the follow-up, there were no significant changes in the average values of CD, HEX, CV, CCT due to aflibercept treatment, either in the whole group or in subgroups according to diagnosis or lens condition. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that intravitreal administration of aflibercept in patients with DME and RVO did not have an impact on corneal endothelial parameters, including CCT, HEX, CD and CV. These parameters were measured using endothelial microscopy during an 8-injection observation period.
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19
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Truong ACK, Becker LM, Dekoning N, Bouché A, Veys K, Hosseinkhani B, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Carmeliet P. Detailed protocol for a corneal thermal cauterization-based (lymph-)angiogenesis assay in mice. MethodsX 2023; 11:102446. [PMID: 37928105 PMCID: PMC10622693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new blood or lymphatic vessels, respectively, from preexisting vasculature is essential during embryonic development, but also occurs during tissue repair and in pathological conditions (cancer; ocular disease; ischemic, infectious and inflammatory disorders), which are all characterized to a certain extent by inflammatory conditions. Hence, a rapid, inexpensive, feasible / technically easy, reliable assay of inflammation-induced (lymph-)angiogenesis is highly valuable. In this context, the corneal thermal cauterization assay in mice is a simple, low-cost, reproducible, insightful and labor-saving assay to gauge the role of inflammation in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no standardized protocol to perform this assay. Here, we provide a step-by-step description of the model's procedures, which include:•The thermal cauterization of the corneas,•Enucleation and dissection of the corneas,•Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of the neovasculature, and morphometric analysis. We also discuss ethical considerations and aspects related to animal welfare guidelines. Altogether, this paper will help to increase the reproducibility of the corneal thermal cauterization model and facilitate its use for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Co K. Truong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa M. Becker
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nora Dekoning
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Bouché
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Veys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Cho WJ, Elbasiony E, Singh A, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK. IL-36γ Augments Ocular Angiogenesis by Promoting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1740-1749. [PMID: 36740182 PMCID: PMC10616713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of inflammatory angiogenesis is critical for suppressing chronic inflammation and inhibiting inflammatory tissue damage. Angiogenesis is particularly detrimental to the cornea because pathologic growth of new blood vessels can lead to marked vision impairment and even loss of vision. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines by injured tissues exacerbates the inflammatory cascade, including angiogenesis. IL-36 cytokine, a subfamily of the IL-1 superfamily, consists of three proinflammatory agonists, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, and an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). Data from the current study indicate that human vascular endothelial cells constitutively expressed the cognate IL-36 receptor. The current investigation, for the first time, characterized the direct contribution of IL-36γ to various angiogenic processes. IL-36γ up-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 by human vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that IL-36γ mediates the VEGF-VEGFR signaling by endothelial cells. Moreover, by using a naturally occurring antagonist IL-36Ra in a murine model of inflammatory angiogenesis, this study demonstrated that blockade of endogenous IL-36γ signaling results in significant retardation of inflammatory angiogenesis. The current investigation on the proangiogenic function of IL-36γ provides novel evidence of the development of IL-36γ-targeting strategies to hamper inflammatory angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonKyung J Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elsayed Elbasiony
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aastha Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Damle SR, Krzyzanowska AK, Korsun MK, Morse KW, Gilbert S, Kim HJ, Boachie-Adjei O, Rawlins BA, van der Meulen MCH, Greenblatt MB, Hidaka C, Cunningham ME. Inducing Angiogenesis in the Nucleus Pulposus. Cells 2023; 12:2488. [PMID: 37887332 PMCID: PMC10605635 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene delivery to Lewis rat lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) drives bone formation anterior and external to the IVD, suggesting the IVD is inhospitable to osteogenesis. This study was designed to determine if IVD destruction with a proteoglycanase, and/or generating an IVD blood supply by gene delivery of an angiogenic growth factor, could render the IVD permissive to intra-discal BMP-driven osteogenesis and fusion. Surgical intra-discal delivery of naïve or gene-programmed cells (BMP2/BMP7 co-expressing or VEGF165 expressing) +/- purified chondroitinase-ABC (chABC) in all permutations was performed between lumbar 4/5 and L5/6 vertebrae, and radiographic, histology, and biomechanics endpoints were collected. Follow-up anti-sFlt Western blotting was performed. BMP and VEGF/BMP treatments had the highest stiffness, bone production and fusion. Bone was induced anterior to the IVD, and was not intra-discal from any treatment. chABC impaired BMP-driven osteogenesis, decreased histological staining for IVD proteoglycans, and made the IVD permissive to angiogenesis. A soluble fragment of VEGF Receptor-1 (sFlt) was liberated from the IVD matrix by incubation with chABC, suggesting dysregulation of the sFlt matrix attachment is a possible mechanism for the chABC-mediated IVD angiogenesis we observed. Based on these results, the IVD can be manipulated to foster vascular invasion, and by extension, possibly osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela R. Damle
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Agata K. Krzyzanowska
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Maximilian K. Korsun
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyle W. Morse
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susannah Gilbert
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Han Jo Kim
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Oheneba Boachie-Adjei
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bernard A. Rawlins
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Chisa Hidaka
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Belfer Gene Therapy Core Facility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew E. Cunningham
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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22
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Yang Y, Zhong J, Cui D, Jensen LD. Up-to-date molecular medicine strategies for management of ocular surface neovascularization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115084. [PMID: 37689278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocular surface neovascularization and its resulting pathological changes significantly alter corneal refraction and obstruct the light path to the retina, and hence is a major cause of vision loss. Various factors such as infection, irritation, trauma, dry eye, and ocular surface surgery trigger neovascularization via angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis dependent on VEGF-related and alternative mechanisms. Recent advances in antiangiogenic drugs, nanotechnology, gene therapy, surgical equipment and techniques, animal models, and drug delivery strategies have provided a range of novel therapeutic options for the treatment of ocular surface neovascularization. In this review article, we comprehensively discuss the etiology and mechanisms of corneal neovascularization and other types of ocular surface neovascularization, as well as emerging animal models and drug delivery strategies that facilitate its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junmu Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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23
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Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, Volatier T, Hos D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Heindl LM, Steven P, Bosch JJ, Steinkasserer A, Rokohl AC, Liu H, Mestanoglu M, Kashkar H, Schumacher B, Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, Matthaei M, Hou Y, Fassbender S, Jantsch J, Zhang W, Enders P, Bachmann B, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101157. [PMID: 36759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels contribute to several ocular pathologies at various peri- and intraocular locations. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenetic role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms and to discuss current and future therapeutic options based thereon. We will give an overview on the vascular anatomy of the healthy ocular surface and the molecular mechanisms contributing to corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege. In addition, we present (i) current insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea triggered e.g. by inflammation or trauma, (ii) the role of lymphatic vessels in different ocular surface pathologies such as dry eye disease, corneal graft rejection, ocular graft versus host disease, allergy, and pterygium, (iii) the involvement of lymphatic vessels in ocular tumors and metastasis, and (iv) the novel role of the lymphatic-like structure of Schlemm's canal in glaucoma. Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological lymphangiogenesis in the future. The preclinical data presented here outline novel therapeutic concepts for promoting transplant survival, inhibiting metastasis of ocular tumors, reducing inflammation of the ocular surface, and treating glaucoma. Initial data from clinical trials suggest first success of novel treatment strategies to promote transplant survival based on pretransplant corneal lymphangioregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Fassbender
- IUF‒Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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24
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van Velthoven AJH, Utheim TP, Notara M, Bremond-Gignac D, Figueiredo FC, Skottman H, Aberdam D, Daniels JT, Ferrari G, Grupcheva C, Koppen C, Parekh M, Ritter T, Romano V, Ferrari S, Cursiefen C, Lagali N, LaPointe VLS, Dickman MM. Future directions in managing aniridia-associated keratopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:940-956. [PMID: 37146692 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is a panocular disorder that is typically characterized by iris hypoplasia and aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK). AAK results in the progressive loss of corneal transparency and thereby loss of vision. Currently, there is no approved therapy to delay or prevent its progression, and clinical management is challenging because of phenotypic variability and high risk of complications after interventions; however, new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of AAK may help improve its management. Here, we review the current understanding about the pathogenesis and management of AAK. We highlight the biological mechanisms involved in AAK development with the aim to develop future treatment options, including surgical, pharmacological, cell therapies, and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne J H van Velthoven
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Francisco C Figueiredo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | | | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Christina Grupcheva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Carina Koppen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M Dickman
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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25
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Wang SS, Zhu XX, Wu XY, Zhang WW, Ding YD, Jin SW, Zhang PH. Interaction Between Blood Vasculatures and Lymphatic Vasculatures During Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3271-3281. [PMID: 37560514 PMCID: PMC10408656 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s414891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological activity cannot be regulated without the blood and lymphatic vasculatures, which play complementary roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis and immune responses. Inflammation is the body's initial response to pathological injury and is responsible for protecting the body, removing damaged tissues, and restoring and maintaining homeostasis in the body. A growing number of researches have shown that blood and lymphatic vessels play an essential role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. In the inflammatory state, the permeability of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels is altered, and angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis subsequently occur. The blood vascular and lymphatic vascular systems interact to determine the development or resolution of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the changes that occur in the blood vascular and lymphatic vascular systems of several organs during inflammation, describe the different scenarios of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis at different sites of inflammation, and demonstrate the prospect of targeting the blood vasculature and lymphatic vasculature systems to limit the development of inflammation and promote the resolution of inflammation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Shun Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang-Dong Ding
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pu-Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Daruich A, Duncan M, Robert MP, Lagali N, Semina EV, Aberdam D, Ferrari S, Romano V, des Roziers CB, Benkortebi R, De Vergnes N, Polak M, Chiambaretta F, Nischal KK, Behar-Cohen F, Valleix S, Bremond-Gignac D. Congenital aniridia beyond black eyes: From phenotype and novel genetic mechanisms to innovative therapeutic approaches. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101133. [PMID: 36280537 PMCID: PMC11062406 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital PAX6-aniridia, initially characterized by the absence of the iris, has progressively been shown to be associated with other developmental ocular abnormalities and systemic features making congenital aniridia a complex syndromic disorder rather than a simple isolated disease of the iris. Moreover, foveal hypoplasia is now recognized as a more frequent feature than complete iris hypoplasia and a major visual prognosis determinant, reversing the classical clinical picture of this disease. Conversely, iris malformation is also a feature of various anterior segment dysgenesis disorders caused by PAX6-related developmental genes, adding a level of genetic complexity for accurate molecular diagnosis of aniridia. Therefore, the clinical recognition and differential genetic diagnosis of PAX6-related aniridia has been revealed to be much more challenging than initially thought, and still remains under-investigated. Here, we update specific clinical features of aniridia, with emphasis on their genotype correlations, as well as provide new knowledge regarding the PAX6 gene and its mutational spectrum, and highlight the beneficial utility of clinically implementing targeted Next-Generation Sequencing combined with Whole-Genome Sequencing to increase the genetic diagnostic yield of aniridia. We also present new molecular mechanisms underlying aniridia and aniridia-like phenotypes. Finally, we discuss the appropriate medical and surgical management of aniridic eyes, as well as innovative therapeutic options. Altogether, these combined clinical-genetic approaches will help to accelerate time to diagnosis, provide better determination of the disease prognosis and management, and confirm eligibility for future clinical trials or genetic-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Daruich
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Melinda Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Matthieu P Robert
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Borelli Centre, UMR 9010, CNRS-SSA-ENS Paris Saclay-Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Via Paccagnella 11, Venice, Italy
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiolological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Cyril Burin des Roziers
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fbg St-Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Rabia Benkortebi
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie De Vergnes
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, INSERM U1016, Institut IMAGINE, France
| | | | - Ken K Nischal
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Valleix
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fbg St-Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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27
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Wang W, Ye W, Chen S, Tang Y, Chen D, Lu Y, Wu Z, Huang Z, Ge Y. METTL3-mediated m 6A RNA modification promotes corneal neovascularization by upregulating the canonical Wnt pathway during HSV-1 infection. Cell Signal 2023:110784. [PMID: 37356601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a symptom of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), which can result in blindness. The corneal angiogenesis brought on by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is strongly affected by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification catalyzed by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a crucial epigenetic regulatory process for angiogenic properties. However, the roles of METTL3 and m6A in HSK-induced CNV remain unknown. Here, we investigated these roles in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A PCR array in HSV-1-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used to screen for METTL3 among the epitranscriptomic genes. Tube formation and scratch assays were conducted to investigate cell migration capacity. The global mRNA m6A abundance was evaluated using a dot blot assay. Gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and fluorescence immunostaining. In addition, bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify the downstream molecules of METTL3 in HUVECs. METTL3 knockdown and STM2457 treatment clarified the specific underlying molecular mechanisms affecting HSV-1-induced angiogenesis in vitro. An acute HSK mouse model was established to examine the effects of METTL3 knockdown or inhibition using STM2457 on pathological angiogenic development in vivo. RESULTS METTL3 was highly upregulated in HSV-1-infected HUVECs and led to increased m6A levels. METTL3 knockdown or inhibition by STM2457 further reduced m6A levels and VEGFA expression and impaired migration and tube formation capacity in HUVECs after HSV-1 infection. Mechanistically, METTL3 regulated LRP6 expression through post-transcriptional mRNA modification in an m6A-dependent manner, increasing its stability, upregulating VEGFA expression, and promoting angiogenesis in HSV-1-infected HUVECs. Furthermore, METTL3 knockdown or inhibition by STM2457 reduced CNV in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that METTL3 promotes pathological angiogenesis through canonical Wnt and VEGF signaling in vitro and in vivo, providing potential pharmacological targets for preventing the progression of CNV in HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Wang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenping Huang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yirui Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Maharana PK, Mandal S, Kaweri L, Sahay P, Lata S, Asif MI, Nagpal R, Sharma N. Immunopathogenesis of corneal graft rejection. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1733-1738. [PMID: 37203024 PMCID: PMC10391393 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2866_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of corneal graft failure is corneal graft rejection (CGR). Although cornea is one of the immune-privileged sites, it can still get a rejection episode due to a breach in its natural protective mechanism. Both anatomical and structural properties of cornea and anterior chamber contribute toward its immune tolerance. Clinically, every layer of the transplanted cornea can get a rejection episode. A proper understanding of immunopathogenesis will help in understanding the various mechanism of CGR and the development of newer strategies for the prevention and management of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Kumar Maharana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sohini Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Luci Kaweri
- Consultant, Department of Ophthalmology, Narayan Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pranita Sahay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Sight Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Lata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ritu Nagpal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Duan R, Pan H, Li D, Liao S, Han B. Ergothioneine improves myocardial remodeling and heart function after acute myocardial infarction via S-glutathionylation through the NF-ĸB dependent Wnt5a-sFlt-1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175759. [PMID: 37121564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of cardiovascular death worldwide. Studies have shown that soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) has a harmful effect on the heart after MI. However, ergothioneine (ERG) has been shown to have protective effects in rats with preeclampsia by reducing circulating levels of sFlt-1. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which ERG protects the heart after MI in rats. Our results indicate that treatment with 10 mg/kg ERG for 7 days can improve cardiac function as determined by echocardiography. Additionally, ERG can reduce the size of the damaged area, prevent heart remodeling, fibrosis, and reduce cardiomyocyte death after MI. To explain the mechanism behind the cardioprotective effects of ERG, we conducted several experiments. We observed a significant reduction in the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), p65, and p-p65 proteins in heart tissues of ERG-treated rats compared to the control group. ELISA results also showed that ERG significantly reduced plasma levels of sFlt-1. Using Glutaredoxin-1 (GLRX) and CD31 immunofluorescence, we found that GLRX was expressed in clusters in the myocardial tissue surrounding the coronary artery, and ERG can reduce the expression of GLRX caused by MI. In vitro experiments using a human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) hypoxia model confirmed that ERG can reduce the expression of sFlt-1, GLRX, and Wnt5a. These findings suggest that ERG protects the heart from MI damage by reducing s-glutathionylation through the NF-ĸB-dependent Wnt5a-sFlt-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haotian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - DongCheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shengen Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Schulz A, Drost CC, Hesse B, Beul K, Boeckel GR, Lukasz A, Pavenstädt H, Brand M, Di Marco GS. The Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Target of Excess Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065380. [PMID: 36982455 PMCID: PMC10049398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) is a secreted protein that binds heparan sulfate expressed on the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC). In this paper we analyze how excess sFlt-1 causes conformational changes in the eGC, leading to monocyte adhesion, a key event triggering vascular dysfunction. In vitro exposure of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells to excess sFlt-1 decreased eGC height and increased stiffness as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Yet, structural loss of the eGC components was not observed, as indicated by Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Moreover, the conformation observed under excess sFlt-1, a collapsed eGC, is flat and stiff with unchanged coverage and sustained content. Functionally, this conformation increased the endothelial adhesiveness to THP-1 monocytes by about 35%. Heparin blocked all these effects, but the vascular endothelial growth factor did not. In vivo administration of sFlt-1 in mice also resulted in the collapse of the eGC in isolated aorta analyzed ex vivo by AFM. Our findings show that excess sFlt-1 causes the collapse of the eGC and favors leukocyte adhesion. This study provides an additional mechanism of action by which sFlt-1 may cause endothelial dysfunction and injury.
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Role of Innate Interferon Responses at the Ocular Surface in Herpes Simplex Virus-1-Induced Herpetic Stromal Keratitis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030437. [PMID: 36986359 PMCID: PMC10058014 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful pathogen that primarily infects epithelial cells of the orofacial mucosa. After initial lytic replication, HSV-1 enters sensory neurons and undergoes lifelong latency in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs throughout the host’s life and is more common in people with a compromised immune system. HSV-1 causes various diseases depending on the site of lytic HSV-1 replication. These include herpes labialis, herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), meningitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). HSK is an immunopathological condition and is usually the consequence of HSV-1 reactivation, anterograde transport to the corneal surface, lytic replication in the epithelial cells, and activation of the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses in the cornea. HSV-1 is recognized by cell surface, endosomal, and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activates innate immune responses that include interferons (IFNs), chemokine and cytokine production, as well as the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of replication. In the cornea, HSV-1 replication promotes type I (IFN-α/β) and type III (IFN-λ) IFN production. This review summarizes our current understanding of HSV-1 recognition by PRRs and innate IFN-mediated antiviral immunity during HSV-1 infection of the cornea. We also discuss the immunopathogenesis of HSK, current HSK therapeutics and challenges, proposed experimental approaches, and benefits of promoting local IFN-λ responses.
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Han H, Li S, Xu M, Zhong Y, Fan W, Xu J, Zhou T, Ji J, Ye J, Yao K. Polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: Current status and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114770. [PMID: 36894134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases, particularly intraocular disorders, remains a huge challenge due to multiple ocular barriers that significantly affect the ultimate therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Recent advances in nanocarrier technology offer a promising opportunity to overcome these barriers by providing enhanced penetration, increased retention, improved solubility, reduced toxicity, prolonged release, and targeted delivery of the loaded drug to the eyes. This review primarily provides an overview of the progress and contemporary applications of nanocarriers, mainly polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers, in treating various eye diseases, highlighting their value in achieving efficient ocular drug delivery. Additionally, the review covers the ocular barriers and administration routes, as well as the prospective future developments and challenges in the field of nanocarriers for treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglian Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
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Filiberti A, Gmyrek GB, Berube AN, Carr DJJ. Osteopontin contributes to virus resistance associated with type I IFN expression, activation of downstream ifn-inducible effector genes, and CCR2 +CD115 +CD206 + macrophage infiltration following ocular HSV-1 infection of mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1028341. [PMID: 36685562 PMCID: PMC9846535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular pathology is often associated with acute herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection of the cornea in mice. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of early T lymphocyte activation 1 protein or osteopontin (OPN) in corneal inflammation and host resistance to ocular HSV-1 infection. C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and osteopontin deficient (OPN KO) mice infected in the cornea with HSV-1 were evaluated for susceptibility to infection and cornea pathology. OPN KO mice were found to possess significantly more infectious virus in the cornea at day 3 and day 7 post infection compared to infected WT mice. Coupled with these findings, HSV-1-infected OPN KO mouse corneas were found to express less interferon (IFN)-α1, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, and RNase L compared to infected WT animals early post infection that likely contributed to decreased resistance. Notably, OPN KO mice displayed significantly less corneal opacity and neovascularization compared to WT mice that paralleled a decrease in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A within 12 hr post infection. The change in corneal pathology of the OPN KO mice aligned with a decrease in total leukocyte infiltration into the cornea and specifically, in neutrophils at day 3 post infection and in macrophage subpopulations including CCR2+CD115+CD206+ and CD115+CD183+CD206+ -expressing cells. The infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the cornea was unaltered comparing infected WT to OPN KO mice. Likewise, there was no difference in the total number of HSV-1-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells found in the draining lymph node with both sets functionally competent in response to virus antigen comparing WT to OPN KO mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate OPN deficiency directly influences the host innate immune response to ocular HSV-1 infection reducing some aspects of inflammation but at a cost with an increase in local HSV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Filiberti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Grzegorz B. Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Amanda N. Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Chen P, Park KH, Zhang L, Lucas AR, Chandler HL, Zhu H. Mouse Corneal Transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2597:19-24. [PMID: 36374411 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2835-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation worldwide. Transplant survival depends on various factors, many of which are not fully understood. Due to the existence of many genetically defined strains, mouse models of corneal transplantation are most commonly used. Here, we describe a method for a mouse corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Lewis CTA, Mascall KS, Wilson HM, Murray F, Kerr KM, Gibson G, Buchan K, Small GR, Nixon GF. An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis downregulated by hypoxia in human aortic valve stenosis promotes disease pathogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:25-37. [PMID: 36336008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in the western world. Central to the pathogenesis of this disease is the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) within the aortic valve allowing infiltration of immune cells and development of intra-valve inflammation. Identifying the cellular mediators involved in this angiogenesis is important as this may reveal new therapeutic targets which could ultimately prevent the progression of aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valves from patients undergoing surgery for aortic valve replacement or dilation of the aortic arch were examined both ex vivo and in vitro. We now demonstrate that the anti-angiogenic protein, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), a non-signalling soluble receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor, is constitutively expressed in non-diseased valves. sFlt-1 expression was, however, significantly reduced in aortic valve tissue from patients with aortic valve stenosis while protein markers of hypoxia were simultaneously increased. Exposure of primary-cultured valve interstitial cells to hypoxia resulted in a decrease in the expression of sFlt-1. We further reveal using a bioassay that siRNA knock-down of sFlt1 in valve interstitial cells directly results in a pro-angiogenic environment. Finally, incubation of aortic valves with sphingosine 1-phosphate, a bioactive lipid-mediator, increased sFlt-1 expression and inhibited angiogenesis within valve tissue. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sFlt1 expression is directly correlated with angiogenesis in aortic valves and the observed decrease in sFlt-1 expression in aortic valve stenosis could increase valve inflammation, promoting disease progression. This could be a viable therapeutic target in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T A Lewis
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith S Mascall
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - George Gibson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Keith Buchan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Gary R Small
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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Dong F, Liu Y, Yan W, Meng Q, Song X, Cheng B, Yao R. Netrin-4: Focus on Its Role in Axon Guidance, Tissue Stability, Angiogenesis and Tumors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01279-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Di Girolamo N, Park M. Cell identity changes in ocular surface Epithelia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wilkerson JL, Basu SK, Stiles MA, Prislovsky A, Grambergs RC, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D, Allegood JC, Proia RL, Mandal N. Ablation of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Protects Cornea from Neovascularization in a Mouse Corneal Injury Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182914. [PMID: 36139489 PMCID: PMC9497123 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), which generates sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in corneal neovascularization (NV). Wild-type (WT) and Sphk1 knockout (Sphk1−/−) mice received corneal alkali-burn treatment to induce corneal NV by placing a 2 mm round piece of Whatman No. 1 filter paper soaked in 1N NaOH on the center of the cornea for 20 s. Corneal sphingolipid species were extracted and identified using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The total number of tip cells and those positive for ethynyl deoxy uridine (EdU) were quantified. Immunocytochemistry was done to examine whether pericytes were present on newly forming blood vessels. Cytokine signaling and angiogenic markers were compared between the two groups using multiplex assays. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Here, we show that ablation of SphK1 can significantly reduce NV invasion in the cornea following injury. Corneal sphingolipid analysis showed that total levels of ceramides, monohexosyl ceramides (HexCer), and sphingomyelin were significantly elevated in Sphk−/− corneas compared to WT corneas, with a comparable level of sphingosine among the two genotypes. The numbers of total and proliferating endothelial tip cells were also lower in the Sphk1−/− corneas following injury. This study underscores the role of S1P in post-injury corneal NV and raises further questions about the roles played by ceramide, HexCer, and sphingomyelin in regulating corneal NV. Further studies are needed to unravel the role played by bioactive sphingolipids in maintenance of corneal transparency and clear vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Wilkerson
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sandip K. Basu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Megan A. Stiles
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Amanda Prislovsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Richard C. Grambergs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jeremy C. Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Richard L. Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wilting J, Becker J. The lymphatic vascular system: much more than just a sewer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 36109802 PMCID: PMC9476376 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 400 years after the (re)discovery of the lymphatic vascular system (LVS) by Gaspare Aselli (Asellius G. De lactibus, sive lacteis venis, quarto vasorum mesaraicorum genere, novo invento Gasparis Asellii Cremo. Dissertatio. (MDCXXIIX), Milan; 1628.), structure, function, development and evolution of this so-called 'second' vascular system are still enigmatic. Interest in the LVS was low because it was (and is) hardly visible, and its diseases are not as life-threatening as those of the blood vascular system. It is not uncommon for patients with lymphedema to be told that yes, they can live with it. Usually, the functions of the LVS are discussed in terms of fluid homeostasis, uptake of chylomicrons from the gut, and immune cell circulation. However, the broad molecular equipment of lymphatic endothelial cells suggests that they possess many more functions, which are also reflected in the pathophysiology of the system. With some specific exceptions, lymphatics develop in all organs. Although basic structure and function are the same regardless their position in the body wall or the internal organs, there are important site-specific characteristics. We discuss common structure and function of lymphatics; and point to important functions for hyaluronan turn-over, salt balance, coagulation, extracellular matrix production, adipose tissue development and potential appetite regulation, and the influence of hypoxia on the regulation of these functions. Differences with respect to the embryonic origin and molecular equipment between somatic and splanchnic lymphatics are discussed with a side-view on the phylogeny of the LVS. The functions of the lymphatic vasculature are much broader than generally thought, and lymphatic research will have many interesting and surprising aspects to offer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Sunny SS, Lachova J, Dupacova N, Kozmik Z. Multiple roles of Pax6 in postnatal cornea development. Dev Biol 2022; 491:1-12. [PMID: 36049534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian corneal development is a multistep process, including formation of the corneal epithelium (CE), endothelium and stroma during embryogenesis, followed by postnatal stratification of the epithelial layers and continuous renewal of the epithelium to replace the outermost corneal cells. Here, we employed the Cre-loxP system to conditionally deplete Pax6 proteins in two domains of ocular cells, i.e., the ocular surface epithelium (cornea, limbus and conjunctiva) (OSE) or postnatal CE via K14-cre or Aldh3-cre, respectively. Earlier and broader inactivation of Pax6 in the OSE resulted in thickened OSE with CE and limbal cells adopting the conjunctival keratin expression pattern. More restricted depletion of Pax6 in postnatal CE resulted in an abnormal cornea marked by reduced epithelial thickness despite increased epithelial cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence studies revealed loss of intermediate filament Cytokeratin 12 and diffused expression of adherens junction components, together with reduced tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1. Furthermore, the expression of Cytokeratin 14, a basal cell marker in apical layers, indicates impaired differentiation of CE cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pax6 is essential for maintaining proper differentiation and strong intercellular adhesion in postnatal CE cells, whereas limbal Pax6 is required to prevent the outgrowth of conjunctival cells to the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweetu Susan Sunny
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Praha 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Lachova
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Praha 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Naoko Dupacova
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Praha 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Praha 4, 142 20, Czech Republic.
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The VEGF Inhibitor Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Does Not Promote AKI-to-CKD Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179660. [PMID: 36077058 PMCID: PMC9456014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1) is an endogenous VEGF inhibitor. sFLT1 has been described as an anti-inflammatory treatment for diabetic nephropathy and heart fibrosis. However, sFLT1 has also been related to peritubular capillary (PTC) loss, which promotes fibrogenesis. Here, we studied whether transfection with sFlt1 aggravates experimental AKI-to-CKD transition and whether sFLT1 is increased in human kidney fibrosis. (2) Methods: Mice were transfected via electroporation with sFlt1. After confirming transfection efficacy, mice underwent unilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and were sacrificed 28 days later. Kidney histology and RNA were analyzed to study renal fibrosis, PTC damage and inflammation. Renal sFLT1 mRNA expression was measured in CKD biopsies and control kidney tissue. (3) Results: sFlt1 transfection did not aggravate renal fibrosis, PTC loss or macrophage recruitment in IRI mice. In contrast, higher transfection efficiency was correlated with reduced expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers. In the human samples, sFLT1 mRNA levels were similar in CKD and control kidneys and were not correlated with interstitial fibrosis or PTC loss. (4) Conclusion: As we previously found that sFLT1 has therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy, our findings indicate that sFLT1 can be administered at a dose that is therapeutically effective in reducing inflammation, without promoting maladaptive kidney damage.
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Arsenijevic Y, Berger A, Udry F, Kostic C. Lentiviral Vectors for Ocular Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081605. [PMID: 36015231 PMCID: PMC9414879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review offers the basics of lentiviral vector technologies, their advantages and pitfalls, and an overview of their use in the field of ophthalmology. First, the description of the global challenges encountered to develop safe and efficient lentiviral recombinant vectors for clinical application is provided. The risks and the measures taken to minimize secondary effects as well as new strategies using these vectors are also discussed. This review then focuses on lentiviral vectors specifically designed for ocular therapy and goes over preclinical and clinical studies describing their safety and efficacy. A therapeutic approach using lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy is currently being developed for many ocular diseases, e.g., aged-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, inherited retinal dystrophies (Leber congenital amaurosis type 2, Stargardt disease, Usher syndrome), glaucoma, and corneal fibrosis or engraftment rejection. In summary, this review shows how lentiviral vectors offer an interesting alternative for gene therapy in all ocular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
| | - Adeline Berger
- Group Epigenetics of ocular diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Florian Udry
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Group for Retinal Disorder Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
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Tavakkoli F, Damala M, Koduri MA, Gangadharan A, Rai AK, Dash D, Basu S, Singh V. Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Limbus-Derived Stromal/Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Pathways Involved in Corneal Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158226. [PMID: 35897793 PMCID: PMC9368612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) are vital for corneal homeostasis and wound healing. However, despite multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting the potency of LMSCs in avoiding inflammation and scarring during corneal wound healing, the molecular basis for the ability of LMSCs remains unknown. This study aimed to uncover the factors and pathways involved in LMSC-mediated corneal wound healing by employing RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in human LMSCs for the first time. We characterized the cultured LMSCs at the stages of initiation (LMSC−P0) and pure population (LMSC−P3) and subjected them to RNA-Seq to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison to native limbus and cornea, and scleral tissues. Of the 28,000 genes detected, 7800 DEGs were subjected to pathway-specific enrichment Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. These DEGs were involved in Wnt, TGF-β signaling pathways, and 16 other biological processes, including apoptosis, cell motility, tissue remodeling, and stem cell maintenance, etc. Two hundred fifty-four genes were related to wound healing pathways. COL5A1 (11.81 ± 0.48) and TIMP1 (20.44 ± 0.94) genes were exclusively up-regulated in LMSC−P3. Our findings provide new insights involved in LMSC-mediated corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tavakkoli
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Center for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Mukesh Damala
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Madhuri Amulya Koduri
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Abhilash Gangadharan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road Campus, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Amit K. Rai
- Center for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Debasis Dash
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road Campus, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Sayan Basu
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-40-6810-2286
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Chu HS, Peterson C, Chamling X, Berlinicke C, Zack D, Jun AS, Foster J. Integrated Stress Response Regulation of Corneal Epithelial Cell Motility and Cytokine Production. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:1. [PMID: 35802384 PMCID: PMC9279922 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of an active integrated stress response (ISR) on human corneal epithelial cell motility and cytokine production. Methods ISR agonists tunicamycin (TUN) and SAL003 (SAL) were used to stimulate the ISR in immortalized corneal epithelial cell lines, primary human limbal epithelial stem cells, and ex vivo human corneas. Reporter lines for ISR-associated transcription factors activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and XBP1 activity were generated to visualize pathway activity in response to kinase-specific agonists. Scratch assays and multiplex magnetic bead arrays were used to investigate the effects of an active ISR on scratch wounds and cytokine production. A C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) knockout cell line was generated to investigate the effects of ISR ablation. Finally, an ISR antagonist was assayed for its ability to rescue negative phenotypic changes associated with an active ISR. Results ISR stimulation, mediated through CHOP, inhibited cell motility in both immortalized and primary human limbal epithelial cells. Scratch wounding of ex vivo corneas elicited an increase in the ISR mediators phosphorylated-eIF2α and ATF4. ISR stimulation also increased the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proinflammatory cytokines. ISR ablation, through CHOP knockout or inhibition with integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) rescued epithelia migration ability and reduced VEGF secretion. Conclusions We demonstrate that the ISR has dramatic effects on the ability of corneal epithelial cells to respond to wounding models and increases the production of proinflammatory and angiogenic factors. Inhibition of the ISR may provide a new therapeutic option for corneal diseases in which the ISR is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xitiz Chamling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cynthia Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Donald Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Albert S Jun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - James Foster
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Nakamura K, Kojima S, Inoue-Mochita M, Tanihara H, Inoue T. Elevated soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor levels in aqueous humor from patients with different types of glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhan Y, Tang S, Deng P, Wang Z, Li J. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are verified to be potential seed candidates for bio-root regeneration in three-dimensional culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:234. [PMID: 35659736 PMCID: PMC9166419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bio-root regeneration is a promising treatment for tooth loss. It has been reported that dental-derived stem cells are effective seed cells for bio-root construction, but further applications are limited by their few sources. Human adipose tissues have a wide range of sources and numerous studies have confirmed the ability of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. In the current study, the odontogenic capacities of ASCs were compared with dental-derived stem cells including dental follicle cells (DFCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). METHODS The biological characteristics of ASCs, DFCs, and SHEDs were explored in vitro. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures were compared in vitro. Odontogenic characteristics of porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) induced cells under a 3D microenvironment in vitro were compared. The complexes (cell/pTDM) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to verify regenerative potential. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore molecular mechanisms of different seed cells in bio-root regeneration. RESULTS 3D culture was more efficient in constructing bio-root complexes. ASCs exhibited good biological characteristics similar to dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Besides, pTDM induced ASCs presented odontogenic ability similar to dental-derived stem cells. Furthermore, 3D cultured ASCs/pTDM complex promoted regeneration of dentin-like, pulp-like, and periodontal fiber-like tissues in vivo. Analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, VEGF signaling pathways may play key roles in the process of inducing ASCs odontogenic differentiation by pTDM. CONCLUSIONS ASCs are potential seed cells for pTDM-induced bio-root regeneration, providing a basis for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu L, Zhang W, Zhu J, Chen C, Mo K, Guo H, Wu S, Huang H, Li L, Li M, Tan J, Huang Y, Wang L, Ouyang H. Cotransplantation of Limbal Epithelial and Stromal Cells for Ocular Surface Reconstruction. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100148. [PMID: 36249679 PMCID: PMC9560570 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To propose an improved stem cell-based strategy for limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) treatment. Design Experimental randomized or parallel-group animal study. Subjects Fifty adult male New Zealand white rabbits. Methods Human limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) and limbal stromal stem/progenitor cells (LSSCs) were cultured in serum-free conditions and further differentiated into corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes, respectively. All cell types were characterized with lineage-specific markers. Gene expression analysis was performed to identify the potential function of LSSCs in corneal regeneration. Two LSCD models of rabbits for transplantations were used: transplantation performed at the time of limbal and corneal epithelial excision (LSCD model) and transplantation performed after clinical signs were induced in an LSCD model (pLSCD model). The pLSCD model better mimics the pathologic changes and symptoms of human LSCD. Rabbit models received LSC or LSC plus LSSC treatment. Corneal epithelial defects, neovascularization, and opacity were assessed every 3 weeks for 24 weeks. ZsGreen-labeled LSSCs were used for short-term tracking in vivo. Main Outcome Measures Rates of corneal epithelial defect area, corneal neovascularization and opacity scores, graft survival rate, and immunofluorescence staining of specific markers. Results Both LSC transplantation and LSC plus LSSC cotransplantation effectively repaired the corneal surface in the LSCD model. These 2 strategies showed no significant differences in terms of graft survival rate or epithelial repair. However, corneal opacity was observed in the LSC group (in 3 of 8 rabbits), but not in the LSC plus LSSC group. Notably, when treating LSCD rabbits with distinguishable stromal opacification and neovascularization, cotransplantation of LSCs and LSSCs exhibited significantly better therapeutic effects than transplantation of LSCs alone, with graft survival rates of 87.5% and 37.5%, respectively. The implanted LSSCs could differentiate into keratocytes during the wound-healing process. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the stromal cells produced not only a collagen-rich extracellular matrix to facilitate reconstruction of the lamellar structure, but also niche factors that accelerated epithelial cell growth and inhibited angiogenesis and inflammation. Conclusions These findings highlight the support of stromal cells in niche homeostasis and tissue regeneration, providing LSC plus LSSC cotransplantation as a new treatment strategy for corneal blindness.
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Reactive Oxygen Species are Essential for Placental Angiogenesis During Early Gestation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4290922. [PMID: 35693704 PMCID: PMC9177322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4290922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with insufficient placental perfusion attributed to maldevelopment of the placental vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in angiogenesis, but their regulatory effects and mechanisms in placental vascular development remain unclear. Methods Placental oxidative stress was determined throughout gestation by measuring 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant MitoQ was administered to pregnant mice from GDs 7.5 to 11.5; placental morphology and angiogenesis pathways were examined on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Moreover, we established a mouse mFlt-1-induced PE model and assessed blood pressure, urine protein levels, and placental vascular development on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with various H2O2 concentrations to evaluate cell viability, intracellular ROS levels, and tube formation capability. MitoQ, an AKT inhibitor and an ERK1/2 inhibitor were applied to validate the ROS-mediated mechanism regulating placental angiogenesis. Results First-trimester placentas presented significantly higher MDA and 4HNE levels. MitoQ significantly reduced the blood vessel density and angiogenesis pathway activity in the placenta on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Serum sFlt-1 levels were elevated, and we observed poor placental angiogenesis and PE-like symptoms in cases with mFlt-1 overexpression. Moderate H2O2 treatment promoted HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis, whereas these improvements were abolished by MitoQ, AKT inhibitor, or ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment. Conclusions Moderate ROS levels are essential for placental angiogenesis; diminishing ROS with potent antioxidants during placentation decreases placental angiogenesis and increases PE risk. Therefore, antioxidant therapy should be considered carefully for normal pregnant women during early gestation.
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Zhang W, Lan X, Zhu J, Zhang C, Huang Y, Mo K, Tan J, Guo H, Huang H, Li M, Ouyang H, Wang L. Healing Ability of Central Corneal Epithelium in Rabbit Ocular Surface Injury Models. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:28. [PMID: 35771535 PMCID: PMC9251814 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.6.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Wound healing of the corneal epithelium mainly involves two types of cells: limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) and differentiated central corneal epithelial cells (CECs). The healing ability of CECs is still debatable, and its correlated transcriptomic alterations during wound healing are yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to determine the healing ability and mechanisms underlying the actions of CECs using rabbit ocular surface injury models. Methods A central corneal ring-like residual epithelium model was used to investigate the healing ability of CECs. Uninjured and injury-stimulated LSCs and CECs were collected for transcriptomic analysis. The analysis results were verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and two types of rabbit corneal injury models. Results During wound healing, the upregulated genes in LSCs were mostly enriched in the mitotic cell cycle–related processes, but those in CECs were mostly enriched in cell adhesion and migration. CECs could repair the epithelial defects successfully at one-time injuries. However, after repetitive injuries, the CECs repaired notably slower and failed to completely heal the defect, but the LSCs repaired even faster than the one-time injury. Conclusions Our results indicated rabbit CECs repair the epithelial defect mainly depending on migration and its proliferative ability is limited, and LSCs are the main source of regenerative epithelial cells. Translational Relevance This study provides information on gene expression in the corneal epithelium during wound healing, indicating that regulation of the cell cycle, cell adhesion, and migration may be the basis for future treatment strategies for corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xihong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunlun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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El-Darzi N, Mast N, Buchner DA, Saadane A, Dailey B, Trichonas G, Pikuleva IA. Low-Dose Anti-HIV Drug Efavirenz Mitigates Retinal Vascular Lesions in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902254. [PMID: 35721135 PMCID: PMC9198296 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A small dose of the anti-HIV drug efavirenz (EFV) was previously discovered to activate CYP46A1, a cholesterol-eliminating enzyme in the brain, and mitigate some of the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease in 5XFAD mice. Herein, we investigated the retina of these animals, which were found to have genetically determined retinal vascular lesions associated with deposits within the retinal pigment epithelium and subretinal space. We established that EFV treatment activated CYP46A1 in the retina, enhanced retinal cholesterol turnover, and diminished the lesion frequency >5-fold. In addition, the treatment mitigated fluorescein leakage from the aberrant blood vessels, deposit size, activation of retinal macrophages/microglia, and focal accumulations of amyloid β plaques, unesterified cholesterol, and Oil Red O-positive lipids. Studies of retinal transcriptomics and proteomics identified biological processes enriched with differentially expressed genes and proteins. We discuss the mechanisms of the beneficial EFV effects on the retinal phenotype of 5XFAD mice. As EFV is an FDA-approved drug, and we already tested the safety of small-dose EFV in patients with Alzheimer's disease, our data support further clinical investigation of this drug in subjects with retinal vascular lesions or neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole El-Darzi
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natalia Mast
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David A. Buchner
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aicha Saadane
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brian Dailey
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Georgios Trichonas
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Irina A. Pikuleva
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Irina A. Pikuleva,
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