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Nixon RA, Rubinsztein DC. Mechanisms of autophagy-lysosome dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5. [PMID: 39107446 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative process used to recycle obsolete cellular constituents and eliminate damaged organelles and aggregate-prone proteins. Their postmitotic nature and extremely polarized morphologies make neurons particularly vulnerable to disruptions caused by autophagy-lysosomal defects, especially as the brain ages. Consequently, mutations in genes regulating autophagy and lysosomal functions cause a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of autophagy and lysosomes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia. We also consider the strong impact of cellular ageing on lysosomes and autophagy as a tipping point for the late-age emergence of related neurodegenerative disorders. Many of these diseases have primary defects in autophagy, for example affecting autophagosome formation, and in lysosomal functions, especially pH regulation and calcium homeostasis. We have aimed to provide an integrative framework for understanding the central importance of autophagic-lysosomal function in neuronal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Kim HG, Ro MH, Lee M. The role of alternative autophagy in cell viability and response to paclitaxel treatment in v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 736:150506. [PMID: 39121672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In confluent v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (Ras-NIH 3T3), LC3 downregulation may precede a decrease in canonical autophagy, thus contributing to cell survival. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of alternative autophagy in the viability of long-term cultures of Ras-NIH 3T3 cells and their parental NIH 3T3 cells. As cell confluence increased with the culture period, the level of alternative autophagy, as assessed through Lamp2-Rab9 co-localization, gradually decreased in both cell lines. However, Ras-NIH 3T3 cells maintained higher levels of alternative autophagy than the parental cells did. Rab9 knockdown minimally affected NIH 3T3 cells while drastically reducing the viability of Ras-NIH 3T3 cells, which suggested that alternative autophagy plays a critical role in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. In contrast, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells was higher than that in NIH 3T3 cells during long-term culture. Moreover, NIH 3T3 cells exhibited a continual decrease in mitochondrial mass, whereas Ras-NIH 3T3 cells maintained high mitochondrial mass. Immunofluorescence analysis of mitochondrial membrane marker proteins and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) also demonstrated a temporal pattern of changes similar to those of mitochondrial mass. This finding could be attributed to the relatively higher level of alternative autophagy in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells facilitating the removal of damaged mitochondria. Paclitaxel treatment in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells induced an increase in canonical autophagy rates along with suppression of alternative autophagy. Ras-NIH 3T3 cells showed high sensitivity to paclitaxel at the early stage of culture, but as cell confluence increased, resistance to paclitaxel increased, showing a similar level of cell viability to the vehicle control group. The study findings suggest that alternative autophagy is more important than canonical autophagy for maintaining cell survival in response to an unfavorable environment, such as during high cell confluence and exposure to anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Gyo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeng-Han Ro
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Liu H, Su P, Li Y, Hoover A, Hu S, King SA, Zhao J, Guan JL, Chen SY, Zhao Y, Tan M, Wu X. VAMP2 controls murine epidermal differentiation and carcinogenesis by regulation of nucleophagy. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2005-2016.e4. [PMID: 38810653 PMCID: PMC11303110 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Differentiation of murine epidermal stem/progenitor cells involves the permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle, the synthesis of various protein and lipid components for the cornified envelope, and the controlled dissolution of cellular organelles and nuclei. Deregulated epidermal differentiation contributes to the development of various skin diseases, including skin cancers. With a genome-wide shRNA screen, we identified vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) as a critical factor involved in skin differentiation. Deletion of VAMP2 leads to aberrant skin stratification and enucleation in vivo. With quantitative proteomics, we further identified an autophagy protein, focal adhesion kinase family interacting protein of 200 kDa (FIP200), as a binding partner of VAMP2. Additionally, we showed that both VAMP2 and FIP200 are critical for murine keratinocyte enucleation and epidermal differentiation. Loss of VAMP2 or FIP200 enhances cutaneous carcinogenesis in vivo. Together, our findings identify important molecular mechanisms underlying epidermal differentiation and skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peihong Su
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Hoover
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie Hu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah A King
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Minjia Tan
- The Chemical Proteomics Center and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Pareek G, Kundu M. Physiological functions of ULK1/2. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168472. [PMID: 38311233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases that are best known for their evolutionarily conserved role in the autophagy pathway. Upon sensing the nutrient status of a cell, ULK1/2 integrate signals from upstream cellular energy sensors such as mTOR and AMPK and relay them to the downstream components of the autophagy machinery. ULK1/2 also play indispensable roles in the selective autophagy pathway, removing damaged mitochondria, invading pathogens, and toxic protein aggregates. Additional functions of ULK1/2 have emerged beyond autophagy, including roles in protein trafficking, RNP granule dynamics, and signaling events impacting innate immunity, axon guidance, cellular homeostasis, and cell fate. Therefore, it is no surprise that alterations in ULK1/2 expression and activity have been linked with pathophysiological processes, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that ULK1/2 function as biological rheostats, tuning cellular functions to intra and extra-cellular cues. Given their broad physiological relevance, ULK1/2 are candidate targets for small molecule activators or inhibitors that may pave the way for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Pareek
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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5
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Maroli G, Schänzer A, Günther S, Garcia-Gonzalez C, Rupp S, Schlierbach H, Chen Y, Graumann J, Wietelmann A, Kim J, Braun T. Inhibition of autophagy prevents cardiac dysfunction at early stages of cardiomyopathy in Bag3-deficient hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:53-66. [PMID: 38838815 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3 targets unfolded proteins to degradation via chaperone assisted selective autophagy (CASA), thereby playing pivotal roles in the proteostasis of adult cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, the complex functions of BAG3 for regulating autophagy in cardiac disease are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of Bag3 in murine CMs leads to age-dependent dysregulation of autophagy, associated with progressive cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, Bag3-deficient CMs show increased canonical and non-canonical autophagic flux in the juvenile period when first signs of cardiac dysfunction appear, but reduced autophagy during later stages of the disease. Juvenile Bag3-deficient CMs are characterized by decreased levels of soluble proteins involved in synchronous contraction of the heart, including the gap junction protein Connexin 43 (CX43). Reiterative administration of chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of canonical and non-canonical autophagy, but not inactivation of Atg5, restores normal concentrations of soluble cardiac proteins in juvenile Bag3-deficient CMs without an increase of detergent-insoluble proteins, leading to complete recovery of early-stage cardiac dysfunction in Bag3-deficient mice. We conclude that loss of Bag3 in CMs leads to age-dependent differences in autophagy and cardiac dysfunction. Increased non-canonical autophagic flux in the juvenile period removes soluble proteins involved in cardiac contraction, leading to early-stage cardiomyopathy, which is prevented by reiterative CQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maroli
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany..
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and deep sequencing platform, Ludwigstr. 43., 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Stefan Rupp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hannah Schlierbach
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanpu Chen
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johnny Kim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main..
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Chang C, Tang X, Schönthal AH, Chen M, Woodley DT, Wang Y, Liang C, Li W. Discovery of Cell Number-Interstitial Fluid Volume (CIF) Ratio Reveals Secretory Autophagy Pathway to Supply eHsp90α for Wound Healing. Cells 2024; 13:1280. [PMID: 39120311 PMCID: PMC11312289 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell secretion repairs tissue damage and restores homeostasis throughout adult life. The extracellular heat shock protein-90alpha (eHsp90α) has been reported as an exosome cargo and a potential driver of wound healing. However, neither the mechanism of secretion nor the genetic evidence for eHsp90α in wound healing has been substantiated. Herein, we show that tissue injury causes massive deposition of eHsp90α in tissues and secretion of eHsp90α by cells. Sequential centrifugations of conditioned medium from relevant cell lines revealed the relative distributions of eHsp90α in microvesicle, exosome and trypsin-sensitive supernatant fractions to be approximately <2%, <4% and >95%, respectively. Establishing the cell-number-to-interstitial-fluid-volume (CIF) ratio for the microenvironment of human tissues as 1 × 109 cells: 1 mL interstitial fluid enabled us to predict the corresponding tissue concentrations of eHsp90α in these fractions as 3.74 μg/mL, 5.61 μg/mL and 178 μg/mL. Remarkably, the 178 μg/mL eHsp90α matches the previously reported 100-300 μg/mL of recombinant eHsp90α whose topical application promotes maximum wound healing in animal models. More importantly, we demonstrate that two parallel secretory autophagy-regulating gene families, the autophagy-regulating (AR) genes and the Golgi reassembly-stacking protein (GRASP) genes work together to mediate the secretion of the physiological concentration of eHsp90α to promote wound healing. Thus, utilization of the CIF ratio-based extrapolation method may enable investigators to rapidly predict biomarker targets from cell-conditioned-medium data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- Department of Dermatology and the USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.C.); (X.T.); (M.C.); (D.T.W.)
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology and the USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.C.); (X.T.); (M.C.); (D.T.W.)
| | - Axel H. Schönthal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California Keck Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology and the USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.C.); (X.T.); (M.C.); (D.T.W.)
| | - David T. Woodley
- Department of Dermatology and the USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.C.); (X.T.); (M.C.); (D.T.W.)
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Chengyu Liang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.C.); (X.T.); (M.C.); (D.T.W.)
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Baek S, Chang JW, Yoo SM, Choo J, Jung S, Nah J, Jung YK. TMEM9 activates Rab9-dependent alternative autophagy through interaction with Beclin1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:322. [PMID: 39078420 PMCID: PMC11335249 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) is a transmembrane protein that regulates lysosomal acidification by interacting with the v-type ATPase complex. However, the role of TMEM9 in the lysosome-dependent autophagy machinery has yet to be identified. In this study, we demonstrate that the lysosomal protein TMEM9, which is involved in vesicle acidification, regulates Rab9-dependent alternative autophagy through its interaction with Beclin1. The cytosolic domain of TMEM9 interacts with Beclin1 via its Bcl-2-binding domain. This interaction between TMEM9 and Beclin1 dissociates Bcl-2, an autophagy-inhibiting partner, from Beclin1, thereby activating LC3-independent and Rab9-dependent alternative autophagy. Late endosomal and lysosomal TMEM9 apparently colocalizes with Rab9 but not with LC3. Furthermore, we show that multiple glycosylation of TMEM9, essential for lysosomal localization, is essential for its interaction with Beclin1 and the activation of Rab9-dependent alternative autophagy. These findings reveal that TMEM9 recruits and activates the Beclin1 complex at the site of Rab9-dependent autophagosome to induce alternative autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Seung-Min Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - JeongRim Choo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Wahyudianingsih R, Sanjaya A, Jonathan T, Pranggono EH, Achmad D, Hernowo BS. Chemotherapy's effects on autophagy in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma: a scoping review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:269. [PMID: 38976168 PMCID: PMC11231119 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical Hodgkin Lymphomas (HL) are a unique malignant growth with an excellent initial prognosis. However, 10-30% of patients will still relapse after remission. One primary cellular function that has been the focus of tumor progression is autophagy. This process can preserve cellular homeostasis under stressful conditions. Several studies have shown that autophagy may play a role in developing HL. Therefore, this review aimed to explore chemotherapy's effect on autophagy in HL, and the effects of autophagy on HL. METHODS A scoping review in line with the published PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted. A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All results were retrieved and screened, and the resulting articles were synthesized narratively. RESULTS The results showed that some cancer chemotherapy also induces autophagic flux. Although the data on HL is limited, since the mechanisms of action of these drugs are similar, we can infer a similar relationship. However, this increased autophagy activity may reflect a mechanism for increasing tumor growth or a cellular compensation to inhibit its growth. Although evidence supports both views, we argued that autophagy allowed cancer cells to resist cell death, mainly due to DNA damage caused by cytotoxic drugs. CONCLUSION Autophagy reflects the cell's adaptation to survive and explains why chemotherapy generally induces autophagy functions. However, further research on autophagy inhibition is needed as it presents a viable treatment strategy, especially against drug-resistant populations that may arise from HL chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roro Wahyudianingsih
- Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ardo Sanjaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Timothy Jonathan
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Emmy Hermiyanti Pranggono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dimyati Achmad
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Hernandez-Morfa M, Reinoso-Vizcaino NM, Zappia VE, Olivero NB, Cortes PR, Stempin CC, Perez DR, Echenique J. Intracellular Streptococcus pneumoniae develops enhanced fluoroquinolone persistence during influenza A coinfection. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1423995. [PMID: 39035445 PMCID: PMC11258013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1423995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen responsible for severe complications in patients with prior influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We have previously demonstrated that S. pneumoniae exhibits increased intracellular survival within IAV-infected cells. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are widely used to treat pneumococcal infections. However, our prior work has shown that S. pneumoniae can develop intracellular FQ persistence, a phenomenon triggered by oxidative stress within host cells. This persistence allows the bacteria to withstand high FQ concentrations. In this study, we show that IAV infection enhances pneumococcal FQ persistence during intracellular survival within pneumocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. This enhancement is partly due to increased oxidative stress induced by the viral infection. We find that this phenotype is particularly pronounced in autophagy-proficient host cells, potentially resulting from IAV-induced blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Moreover, we identified several S. pneumoniae genes involved in oxidative stress response that contribute to FQ persistence, including sodA (superoxide dismutase), clpL (chaperone), nrdH (glutaredoxin), and psaB (Mn+2 transporter component). Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of antibiotic persistence promoted by viral infection within host cells. This underscores the importance of considering this phenomenon when using FQs to treat pneumococcal infections, especially in patients with concurrent influenza A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelys Hernandez-Morfa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas M. Reinoso-Vizcaino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria E. Zappia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nadia B. Olivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paulo R. Cortes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cinthia C. Stempin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jose Echenique
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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10
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Zhao J, Duan L, Li J, Yao C, Wang G, Mi J, Yu Y, Ding L, Zhao Y, Yan G, Li J, Zhao Z, Wang X, Li M. New insights into the interplay between autophagy, gut microbiota and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116807. [PMID: 38795644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread and multifactorial disorder, and the study of its pathogenesis and treatment remains challenging. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that maintains cellular renewal and homeostasis, is essential for maintaining antimicrobial defense, preserving epithelial barrier integrity, promoting mucosal immune response, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and regulating gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Dysfunctional autophagy is implicated in the pathological mechanisms of MetS, involving insulin resistance (IR), chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with IR being a predominant feature. The study of autophagy represents a valuable field of research with significant clinical implications for identifying autophagy-related signals, pathways, mechanisms, and treatment options for MetS. Given the multifactorial etiology and various potential risk factors, it is imperative to explore the interplay between autophagy and gut microbiota in MetS more thoroughly. This will facilitate the elucidation of new mechanisms underlying the crosstalk among autophagy, gut microbiota, and MetS, thereby providing new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chensi Yao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia Mi
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yongjiang Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guanchi Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhixuan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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11
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Im S, Jeong DJ, Kim E, Choi JH, Jang HJ, Kim YY, Um JH, Lee J, Lee YJ, Lee KM, Choi D, Yoo E, Lee HS, Yun J. A novel marine-derived mitophagy inducer ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and thermal hypersensitivity in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38925168 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and maintenance of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a significant limitation of cancer chemotherapy. Recently, the stimulation of mitophagy, a pivotal process for mitochondrial homeostasis, has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, but its therapeutic effect on CIPN has not been explored. Here, we assessed the mitophagy-inducing activity of 3,5-dibromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (PDE701), a diphenyl ether derivative isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp., and investigated its therapeutic effect on a CIPN model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mitophagy activity was determined by a previously established mitophagy assay using mitochondrial Keima (mt-Keima). Mitophagy induction was further verified by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Mitochondrial dysfunction was analysed by measuring mitochondrial superoxide levels in SH-SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. A thermal nociception assay was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PDE701 on the paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia phenotype in Drosophila larvae. KEY RESULTS PDE701 specifically induced mitophagy but was not toxic to mitochondria. PDE701 ameliorated paclitaxel-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in both SH-SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. Importantly, PDE701 also significantly ameliorated paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia in Drosophila larvae. Knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7 abolished the effect of PDE701 on thermal hyperalgesia, suggesting that PDE701 exerts its therapeutic effect through mitophagy induction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study identified PDE701 as a novel mitophagy inducer and a potential therapeutic compound for CIPN. Our results suggest that mitophagy stimulation is a promising strategy for the treatment of CIPN and that marine organisms are a potential source of mitophagy-inducing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Choi
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Choi
- Altmedical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Yoo
- Altmedical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyi-Seung Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hong C, Li X, Zhang K, Huang Q, Li B, Xin H, Hu B, Meng F, Zhu X, Tang D, Hu C, Tao C, Li J, Cao Y, Wang H, Deng B, Wang S. Novel perspectives on autophagy-oxidative stress-inflammation axis in the orchestration of adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1404697. [PMID: 38982993 PMCID: PMC11232368 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1404697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an indispensable organ, fulfils the pivotal role of energy storage and metabolism and is instrumental in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of energy and health of the organism. Adipocyte hypertrophy and adipocyte hyperplasia (adipogenesis) are the two primary mechanisms of fat deposition. Mature adipocytes are obtained by differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into preadipocytes and redifferentiation. However, the mechanisms orchestrating adipogenesis remain unclear. Autophagy, an alternative cell death pathway that sustains intracellular energy homeostasis through the degradation of cellular components, is implicated in regulating adipogenesis. Furthermore, adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, producing various cytokines, and certain inflammatory factors, in turn, modulate autophagy and adipogenesis. Additionally, autophagy influences intracellular redox homeostasis by regulating reactive oxygen species, which play pivotal roles in adipogenesis. There is a growing interest in exploring the involvement of autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adipogenesis. The present manuscript reviews the impact of autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation on the regulation of adipogenesis and, for the first time, discusses their interactions during adipogenesis. An integrated analysis of the role of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of adipogenesis and expediting the exploration of molecular targets for treating obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health- Hong Kong University (GIBH-HKU) Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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13
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Shen Y, Li T, Sun C, Cheng X, Chen Z, Wang G, Yang X. Atg7 autophagy-independent role on governing neural stem cell fate could be potentially applied for regenerative medicine. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01330-5. [PMID: 38898232 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A literature review showed that Atg7 biological role was associated with the development and pathogenesis of nervous system, but very few reports focused on Atg7 role on neurogenesis at the region of spinal cord, so that we are committed to explore the subject. Atg7 expression in neural tube is incrementally increased during neurogenesis. Atg7 neural-specific knockout mice demonstrated the impaired motor function and imbalance of neuronal and glial cell differentiation during neurogenesis, which was similarly confirmed in primary neurosphere culture and reversely verified by Atg7 overexpression in unilateral neural tubes of gastrula chicken embryos. Furthermore, activating autophagy in neural stem cells (NSCs) of neurospheres did not rescue Atg7 deficiency-suppressed neuronal differentiation, but Atg7 overexpression on the basis of autophagy inhibition could reverse Atg7 deficiency-suppressed neuronal differentiation, which provides evidence for the existence of Atg7 role of autophagy-independent function. The underlying mechanism is that Atg7 deficiency directly caused the alteration of cell cycle length of NSCs, which is controlled by Atg7 through specifically binding Mdm2, thereby affecting neuronal differentiation during neurogenesis. Eventually, the effect of overexpressing Atg7-promoting neuronal differentiation was proved in spinal cord injury model as well. Taken together, this study revealed that Atg7 was involved in regulating neurogenesis by a non-autophagic signaling process, and this finding also shed light on the potential application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tingting Li
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chengyang Sun
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guang Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China.
| | - Xuesong Yang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, 511496, China.
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14
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Zhang MQ, Li JR, Yang L, Peng ZG, Wu S, Zhang JP. ATG10S promotes IFNL1 expression and autophagic degradation of multiple viral proteins mediated by IFNL1. Autophagy 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38842055 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2361580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ATG10S is a newly discovered subtype of the autophagy protein ATG10. It promotes complete macroautophagy/autophagy, degrades multiple viral proteins, and increases the expression of type III interferons. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of ATG10S cooperation with IFNL1 to degrade viral proteins from different viruses. Using western blot, immunoprecipitation (IP), tandem sensor RFP-GFP-LC3B and in situ proximity ligation assays, we showed that exogenous recombinant ATG10S protein (rHsATG10S) could enter into cells through clathrin, and ATG10S combined with ATG7 with IFNL1 assistance to facilitate ATG12-ATG5 conjugation, thereby contributing to the autophagosome formation in multiple cell lines containing different virions or viral proteins. The results of DNA IP and luciferase assays also showed that ATG10S was able to directly bind to a core motif (CAAGGG) within a binding site of transcription factor ZNF460 on the IFNL1 promoter, by which IFNL1 transcription was activated. These results clarified that ATG10S promoted autophagosome formation with the assistance of IFNL1 to ensure autophagy flux and autophagic degradation of multiple viral proteins and that ATG10S could also act as a novel transcription factor to promote IFNL1 gene expression. Importantly, this study further explored the antiviral mechanism of ATG10S interaction with type III interferon and provided a theoretical basis for the development of ATG10S into a new broad-spectrum antiviral protein drug.Abbreviation: ATG: autophagy related; ATG10S: the shorter isoform of autophagy-related 10; CC50: half cytotoxicity concentration; CCV: clathrin-coated transport vesicle; CLTC: clathrin heavy chain; CM: core motif; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CPZ: chlorpromazine; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HsCoV-OC43: Human coronavirus OC43; IFN: interferon; PLA: proximity ligation assay; rHsATG10S: recombinant human ATG10S protein; RLU: relative light unit; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; ZNF: zinc finger protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Zeng X, Sun J, Li F, Peng L, Zhang C, Jiang X, Zha L, Rathinasabapathy A, Ren J, Yu Z, Wang L, Liu X. Beclin 1 Haploinsufficiency Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Myocardial Injury via Inhibiting Alternative Mitophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:906-925. [PMID: 38251672 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Famei Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihuang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anandharajan Rathinasabapathy
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Chen S, Li Z, Feng J, Quan Y, He J, Hao J, Dong Z. Dual Activity of Type III PI3K Kinase Vps34 is Critical for NK Cell Development and Senescence. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309315. [PMID: 38544346 PMCID: PMC11151045 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Vps34 is the unique member of the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase family that performs both vesicular transport and autophagy. Its role in natural killer (NK) cells remains uncertain. In this study, a model without Vps34 (Vps34fl/fl/CD122Cre/+) is generated, deleting Vps34 during and after NK-cell commitment. These mice exhibit a nearly 90% decrease in NK cell count and impaired differentiation. A mechanistic study reveals that the absence of Vps34 disrupts the transport of IL-15 receptor subunit alpha CD122 to the cell membrane, resulting in reduced responsiveness of NK cells to IL-15. In mice lacking Vps34 at the terminal stage of NK-cell development (Vps34fl/fl/Ncr1Cre/+), NK cells gradually diminish during aging. This phenotype is associated with autophagy deficiency and the stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, terminally differentiated NK cells lacking Vps34 display an accelerated senescence phenotype, while the application of antioxidants effectively reverses the senescence caused by Vps34 deletion by neutralizing ROS. In summary, this study unveils the dual and unique activity of Vps34 in NK cells. Vps34-mediated vesicular transport is crucial for CD122 membrane trafficking during NK cell commitment, whereas Vps34-mediated autophagy can delay NK cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- Department of AllergyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Clinical ImmunologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM)Hefei230032China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and ImmunotherapyHefei230032China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Zehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine and Institute for ImmunologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine and Institute for ImmunologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yuhe Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine and Institute for ImmunologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Junming He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine and Institute for ImmunologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jiqing Hao
- Department of AllergyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Clinical ImmunologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- Department of AllergyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Clinical ImmunologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM)Hefei230032China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and ImmunotherapyHefei230032China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologySchool of Medicine and Institute for ImmunologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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17
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Liu M, Duan Y, Dong J, Zhang K, Jin X, Gao M, Jia H, Chen J, Liu M, Wei M, Zhong X. Early signs of neurodegenerative diseases: Possible mechanisms and targets for Golgi stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116646. [PMID: 38692058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in mediating the modification, transport, and sorting of intracellular proteins and lipids. The morphological changes occurring in the Golgi apparatus are exceptionally important for maintaining its function. When exposed to external pressure or environmental stimulation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes adaptive changes in both structure and function, which are known as Golgi stress. Although certain signal pathway responses or post-translational modifications have been observed following Golgi stress, further research is needed to comprehensively summarize and understand the related mechanisms. Currently, there is evidence linking Golgi stress to neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of Golgi stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remains largely unexplored. This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations of the Golgi apparatus during stress, elucidating potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of Golgi stress in regulating immunity, autophagy, and metabolic processes. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of Golgi stress as an early signaling event implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this study summarizes prospective targets that can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases by targeting Golgi stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying novel breakthroughs in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shayang, Liaoning 110005, China
| | - Jianru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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18
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Kang P, Wang Y, Chen J, Chang Y, Zhang W, Cui T, Yi X, Li S, Li C. TRPM2-dependent autophagy inhibition exacerbates oxidative stress-induced CXCL16 secretion by keratinocytes in vitiligo. J Pathol 2024; 262:441-453. [PMID: 38186269 DOI: 10.1002/path.6247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a depigmented skin disease due to the destruction of melanocytes. Under oxidative stress, keratinocyte-derived chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 16 (CXCL16) plays a critical role in recruiting CD8+ T cells, which kill melanocytes. Autophagy serves as a protective cell survival mechanism and impairment of autophagy has been linked to increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines. However, the role of autophagy in the secretion of CXCL16 under oxidative stress has not been investigated. Herein, we initially found that autophagy was suppressed in both keratinocytes of vitiligo lesions and keratinocytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro. Autophagy inhibition also promoted CXCL16 secretion. Furthermore, upregulated transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 (TRPM2) functioned as an upstream oxidative stress sensor to inhibit autophagy. Moreover, TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx activated calpain to shear autophagy related 5 (Atg5) and Atg12-Atg5 conjugate formation was blocked to inhibit autophagy under oxidative stress. More importantly, Atg5 downregulation enhanced the binding of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) to the CXCL16 promoter region by activating Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), thus promoting CXCL16 secretion. These findings suggested that TRPM2-restrained autophagy promotes CXCL16 secretion via the Atg5-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway under oxidative stress. Inhibition of TRPM2 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of vitiligo. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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19
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Hasegawa T, Noguchi S, Nakashima M, Miyai M, Goto M, Matsumoto Y, Torii S, Honda S, Shimizu S. Alternative autophagy dampens UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107173. [PMID: 38499149 PMCID: PMC11002869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight exposure results in an inflammatory reaction of the skin commonly known as sunburn, which increases skin cancer risk. In particular, the ultraviolet B (UVB) component of sunlight induces inflammasome activation in keratinocytes to instigate the cutaneous inflammatory responses. Here, we explore the intracellular machinery that maintains skin homeostasis by suppressing UVB-induced inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes. We found that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy promoted UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Unexpectedly, however, gene silencing of Atg5 or Atg7, which are critical for conventional autophagy, had no effect, whereas gene silencing of Beclin1, which is essential not only for conventional autophagy but also for Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative autophagy, promoted UVB-induced inflammasome activation, indicating an involvement of alternative autophagy. We found that damaged mitochondria were highly accumulated in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes when alternative autophagy was inhibited, and they appear to be recognized by NLRP3. Overall, our findings indicate that alternative autophagy, rather than conventional autophagy, suppresses UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the clearance of damaged mitochondria in human keratinocytes and illustrate a previously unknown involvement of alternative autophagy in inflammation. Alternative autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for sunburn and associated cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Makiko Goto
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Huang J, Chen J, Li J. Quercetin promotes ATG5-mediating autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in gastric cancer. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:211-225. [PMID: 38441713 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin has been documented to possess a multitude of pharmacological effects, encompassing antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-tumor properties of quercetin remain to be fully explicated. To this end, quercetin was administered to gastric cancer cells (in vitro) AGS and MKN45, as well as BALB/c mice (in vivo). The proliferation ability of cells was evaluated using cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. The evaluation of ferroptosis involved the measurement of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid reactive oxygen species. Autophagy and apoptosis were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and flow cytometry analysis. Our findings indicate that quercetin significantly inhibited cell viability and tumor volume compared to the control group. Additionally, quercetin was found to decrease glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels while suppressing beclin1 and LC3B levels in cancer cells. Remarkably, the utilization of siATG5 was found to reverse all the aforementioned effects of quercetin. Ultimately, the effects of quercetin on gastric cancer were validated. In summary, our findings provide evidence that quercetin facilitates autophagy-mediated ferroptosis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Shuai Fu Community, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No.20, Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Jingnan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Shuai Fu Community, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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21
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Chen XK, Yi ZN, Lau JJY, Ma ACH. Distinct roles of core autophagy-related genes in zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis. Autophagy 2024; 20:830-846. [PMID: 37921505 PMCID: PMC11062383 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2274251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-described discrepancy between ATG (macroautophagy/autophagy-related) genes in the regulation of hematopoiesis, varying essentiality of core ATG proteins in vertebrate definitive hematopoiesis remains largely unclear. Here, we employed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to compare the functions of six core atg genes, including atg13, becn1 (beclin1), atg9a, atg2a, atg5, and atg3, in vertebrate definitive hematopoiesis via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and morpholino targeting. Zebrafish with various atg mutations showed autophagic deficiency and presented partially consistent hematopoietic abnormalities during early development. All six atg mutations led to a declined number of spi1b+ (Spi-1 proto-oncogene b) myeloid progenitor cells. However, only becn1 mutation resulted in the expansion of myb+ (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and transiently increased coro1a+ (coronin, actin binding protein, 1A) leukocytes, whereas atg3 mutation decreased the number of HSPCs and leukocytes. Proteomic analysis of caudal hematopoietic tissue identified sin3aa (SIN3 transcription regulator family member Aa) as a potential modulator of atg13- and becn1-regulated definitive hematopoiesis. Disruption of sin3aa rescued the expansion of HSPCs and leukocytes in becn1 mutants and exacerbated the decrease of HSPCs in atg13 mutants. Double mutations were also performed to examine alternative functions of various atg genes in definitive hematopoiesis. Notably, becn1 mutation failed to induce HSPCs expansion with one of the other five atg mutations. These findings demonstrated the distinct roles of atg genes and their interplays in zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis, thereby suggesting that the vertebrate definitive hematopoiesis is regulated in an atg gene-dependent manner.Abbreviations: AGM: aorta-gonad-mesonephros; AO: acridine orange; atg: autophagy related; becn1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CHT: caudal hematopoietic tissue; CKO: conditional knockout; coro1a: coronin, actin binding protein, 1A; CQ: chloroquine; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; dpf: days post fertilization; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; hbae1.1: hemoglobin, alpha embryonic 1.1; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; HSPCs: hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; map1lc3/lc3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MO: morpholino; mpeg1.1: macrophage expressed 1, tandem duplicate 1; mpx: myeloid-specific peroxidase; myb: v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; p-H3: phospho-H3 histone; PtdIns3K: class 3 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; rag1: recombination activating 1; rb1cc1/fip200: RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; RFLP: restriction fragment length polymorphism; RNP: ribonucleoprotein; sin3aa: SIN3 transcription regulator family member Aa; spi1b: Spi-1 proto-oncogene b; ulk: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; vtg1: vitellogenin 1; WISH: whole-mount in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ke Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Yi
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Jark-Yin Lau
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Chun-Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Ding WX, Ma X, Kim S, Wang S, Ni HM. Recent insights about autophagy in pancreatitis. EGASTROENTEROLOGY 2024; 2:e100057. [PMID: 38770349 PMCID: PMC11104508 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a common inflammatory gastrointestinal disease without any successful treatment. Pancreatic exocrine acinar cells have high rates of protein synthesis to produce and secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes. When the regulation of organelle and protein homeostasis is disrupted, it can lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, damage to the mitochondria and improper intracellular trypsinogen activation, ultimately resulting in acinar cell damage and the onset of pancreatitis. To balance the homeostasis of organelles and adapt to protect themselves from organelle stress, cells use protective mechanisms such as autophagy. In the mouse pancreas, defective basal autophagy disrupts ER homoeostasis, leading to ER stress and trypsinogen activation, resulting in spontaneous pancreatitis. In this review, we discuss the regulation of autophagy and its physiological role in maintaining acinar cell homeostasis and function. We also summarise the current understanding of the mechanisms and the role of defective autophagy at multiple stages in experimental pancreatitis induced by cerulein or alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sydney Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Shaogui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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23
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Singh N, Ulmer B, Medapati MR, Zhang C, Schroth RJ, Ghavami S, Chelikani P. Bitter Taste Receptor T2R14 and Autophagy Flux in Gingival Epithelial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:531. [PMID: 38534375 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a lysosomal degradation pathway that functions in nutrient recycling and as a mechanism of innate immunity. Previously, we reported a novel host-bacteria interaction between cariogenic S. mutans and bitter taste receptor (T2R14) in gingival epithelial cells (GECs), leading to an innate immune response. Further, S. mutans might be using the host immune system to inhibit other Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus. To determine whether these bacteria exploit the autophagic machinery of GEC, it is first necessary to evaluate the role of T2R14 in modulating autophagic flux. So far, the role of T2R14 in the regulation of autophagy is not well characterized. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we report that T2R14 downregulates autophagy flux in GECs, and T2R14 knockout increases acidic vacuoles. However, the treatments of GEC WT with a T2R14 agonist and antagonist did not lead to a significant change in acidic vacuole formation. Transmission electron microscopy morphometric results also suggested an increased number of autophagic vesicles in T2R14-knockout GEC. Further, our results suggest that S. mutans competence stimulating peptide CSP-1 showed robust intracellular calcium release and this effect is both T2R14- and autophagy protein 7-dependent. In this study, we provide the first evidence that T2R14 modulates autophagy flux in GEC. The results of the current study could help in identifying the impact of T2R in regulation of the immuno-microenvironment of GEC and subsequently oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ben Ulmer
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Manoj Reddy Medapati
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Christine Zhang
- University of Manitoba Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
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24
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Li J, Wang H, Chen H, Li X, Liu Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Cell death induced by nicotine in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells is mainly attributed to cytoplasmic vacuolation originating from the trans-Golgi network. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114431. [PMID: 38176581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Humans are usually exposed to nicotine through the use of tobacco products. Although it is generally believed that nicotine is relatively harmless in tobacco consumption, it is, in fact, a toxic substance that warrants careful consideration of its potential toxicity. However, the current understanding of the neurotoxicity of nicotine is still very limited. In this study, we aim to reveal the toxic risk of nicotine to key target neuronal cells and its potential toxic mechanisms. The results showed that nicotine induced cell death, ROS increase, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and DNA damage in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells at millimolar concentrations, but did not cause toxic effects at the physiological concentration. These toxic effects were accompanied by cytoplasmic vacuolation. The inhibition of cytoplasmic vacuolation by bafilomycin A1 greatly reduced nicotine-induced cell death, indicating that cytoplasmic vacuolation is the key driving factor of cell death. These cytoplasmic vacuoles originated from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and expressed microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1). The presence of LC3-II and LAMP1 within these vacuoles serves as evidence of compromised TGN structure and function. These findings provide valuable new insights into the potential neurotoxic risk and mechanisms of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100000, China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230000, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 100000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100000, China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 100000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100000, China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 100000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100000, China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 100000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100000, China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 100000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100000, China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230000, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 100000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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25
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Shiraishi T, Bono K, Hiraki H, Manome Y, Oka H, Iguchi Y, Okano HJ. The impact of VPS35 D620N mutation on alternative autophagy and its reversal by estrogen in Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:103. [PMID: 38409392 PMCID: PMC10896810 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
VPS35 plays a key role in neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). Many genetic studies have shown a close relationship between autophagy and PD pathophysiology, and specifically, the PD-causing D620N mutation in VPS35 has been shown to impair autophagy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death and impaired autophagy in PD are debated. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that Rab9-dependent "alternative" autophagy, which is driven by a different molecular mechanism that driving ATG5-dependent "conventional" autophagy, also contributes to neurodegenerative process. In this study, we investigated the relationship between alternative autophagy and VPS35 D620N mutant-related PD pathogenesis. We isolated iPSCs from the blood mononuclear cell population of two PD patients carrying the VPS35 D620N mutant. In addition, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate SH-SY5Y cells carrying the D620N variant of VPS35. We first revealed that the number of autophagic vacuoles was significantly decreased in ATG5-knockout Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast or ATG5-knockdown patient-derived dopaminergic neurons carrying the VPS35 D620N mutant compared with that of the wild type VPS35 control cells. Furthermore, estrogen, which activates alternative autophagy pathways, increased the number of autophagic vacuoles in ATG5-knockdown VPS35 D620N mutant dopaminergic neurons. Estrogen induces Rab9 phosphorylation, mediated through Ulk1 phosphorylation, ultimately regulating alternative autophagy. Moreover, estrogen reduced the apoptosis rate of VPS35 D620N neurons, and this effect of estrogen was diminished under alternative autophagy knockdown conditions. In conclusion, alternative autophagy might be important for maintaining neuronal homeostasis and may be associated with the neuroprotective effect of estrogen in PD with VPS35 D620N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Shiraishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Keiko Bono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiraki
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Yoko Manome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Oka
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan.
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26
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Longobardi A, Catania M, Geviti A, Salvi E, Vecchi ER, Bellini S, Saraceno C, Nicsanu R, Squitti R, Binetti G, Di Fede G, Ghidoni R. Autophagy Markers Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Frontotemporal Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1125. [PMID: 38256197 PMCID: PMC10816165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates defines distinct, yet overlapping pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In this study, we investigated ATG5, UBQLN2, ULK1, and LC3 concentrations in 66 brain specimens and 120 plasma samples from AD, DLB, FTD, and control subjects (CTRL). Protein concentration was measured with ELISA kits in temporal, frontal, and occipital cortex specimens of 32 AD, 10 DLB, 10 FTD, and 14 CTRL, and in plasma samples of 30 AD, 30 DLB, 30 FTD, and 30 CTRL. We found alterations in ATG5, UBQLN2, ULK1, and LC3 levels in patients; ATG5 and UBQLN2 levels were decreased in both brain specimens and plasma samples of patients compared to those of the CTRL, while LC3 levels were increased in the frontal cortex of DLB and FTD patients. In this study, we demonstrate alterations in different steps related to ATG5, UBQLN2, and LC3 autophagy pathways in DLB and FTD patients. Molecular alterations in the autophagic processes could play a role in a shared pathway involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, supporting the hypothesis of a common molecular mechanism underlying major neurodegenerative dementias and suggesting different potential therapeutic targets in the autophagy pathway for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Marcella Catania
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Andrea Geviti
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Data Science Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rita Vecchi
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Roland Nicsanu
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC-Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
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Chen J, Liang Y, Hu S, Jiang J, Zeng M, Luo M. Role of ATG7-dependent non-autophagic pathway in angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1266311. [PMID: 38269279 PMCID: PMC10806190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1266311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
ATG7, one of the core proteins of autophagy, plays an important role in various biological processes, including the regulation of autophagy. While clear that autophagy drives angiogenesis, the role of ATG7 in angiogenesis remains less defined. Several studies have linked ATG7 with angiogenesis, which has long been underappreciated. The knockdown of ATG7 gene in cerebrovascular development leads to angiogenesis defects. In addition, specific knockout of ATG7 in endothelial cells results in abnormal development of neovascularization. Notably, the autophagy pathway is not necessary for ATG7 regulation of angiogenesis, while the ATG7-dependent non-autophagic pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of neovascularization. In order to gain a better understanding of the non-autophagic pathway-mediated biological functions of the autophagy-associated protein ATG7 and to bring attention to this expanding but understudied research area, this article reviews recent developments in the ATG7-dependent non-autophagic pathways regulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Chen
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaorun Hu
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Li J, Weng H, Liu S, Li F, Xu K, Wen S, Chen X, Li C, Nie Y, Liao B, Wu J, Kantawong F, Xie X, Yu F, Li G. Embryonic exposure of polystyrene nanoplastics affects cardiac development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167406. [PMID: 37769743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics have recently been detected in human blood and placentas, indicating inevitable embryonic exposure to these particles. However, their influence on human embryogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) exposure on cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were evaluated. Uptake of PS-NPs not only caused cellular injury, but also regulated cardiac-related pathways as revealed by RNA-sequencing. Consequently, the efficiency of cardiomyocyte differentiation from hESCs was compromised, leading to immature of cardiomyocytes and smaller cardiac organoids with impaired contractility. Mechanistically, PS-NPs promoted mitochondrial oxidative stress, activated P38/Erk MAPK signaling pathway, blocked autophagy flux, and eventually reduced the pluripotency of hESCs. Consistently, in vivo exposure of PS-NPs from cleavage to gastrula period of zebrafish embryo led to reduced cardiac contraction and blood flow. Collectively, this study suggests that PS-NPs is a risk factor for fetal health, especially for heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Huimin Weng
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fan Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yongmei Nie
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Qin F, Cai B, Cao R, Bai X, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen T, Liu F, Sun W, Zheng Y, Qi X, Zhao W, Liu B, Gao C. Listerin promotes cGAS protein degradation through the ESCRT pathway to negatively regulate cGAS-mediated immune response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308853120. [PMID: 38109536 PMCID: PMC10756308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308853120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a key sensor for detecting misplaced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) of genomic, mitochondrial, and microbial origin. It synthesizes 2'3'-cGAMP, which in turn activates the stimulator of interferon genes pathway, leading to the initiation of innate immune responses. Here, we identified Listerin as a negative regulator of cGAS-mediated innate immune response. We found that Listerin interacts with cGAS on endosomes and promotes its K63-linked ubiquitination through recruitment of the E3 ligase TRIM27. The polyubiquitinated cGAS is then recognized by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport machinery and sorted into endosomes for degradation. Listerin deficiency enhances the innate antiviral response to herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Genetic deletion of Listerin also deteriorates the neuroinflammation and the ALS disease progress in an ALS mice model; overexpression of Listerin can robustly ameliorate disease progression in ALS mice. Thus, our work uncovers a mechanism for cGAS regulation and suggests that Listerin may be a promising therapeutic target for ALS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Cai
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runyu Cao
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Yuan
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, People’s Republic of China
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Cui S, Xia T, Zhao J, Ren X, Wu T, Kameni M, Guo X, He L, Guo J, Duperray-Susini A, Levillayer F, Collard JM, Zhong J, Pan L, Tangy F, Vidalain PO, Zhou D, Jiu Y, Faure M, Wei Y. NDP52 mediates an antiviral response to hepatitis B virus infection through Rab9-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8440. [PMID: 38114531 PMCID: PMC10730550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy receptor NDP52 triggers bacterial autophagy against infection. However, the ability of NDP52 to protect against viral infection has not been established. We show that NDP52 binds to envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and triggers a degradation process that promotes HBV clearance. Inactivating NDP52 in hepatocytes results in decreased targeting of viral envelopes in the lysosome and increased levels of viral replication. NDP52 inhibits HBV at both viral entry and late replication stages. In contrast to NDP52-mediated bacterial autophagy, lysosomal degradation of HBV envelopes is independent of galectin 8 and ATG5. NDP52 forms complex with Rab9 and viral envelope proteins and links HBV to Rab9-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway. These findings reveal that NDP52 acts as a sensor for HBV infection, which mediates a unique antiviral response to eliminate the virus. This work also suggests direct roles for autophagy receptors in other lysosomal degradation pathways than canonical autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xia
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jianjin Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingtao Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Mireille Kameni
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoju Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Li He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingao Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Florence Levillayer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Collard
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jin Zhong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Yu Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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31
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Sakurai HT, Arakawa S, Yamaguchi H, Torii S, Honda S, Shimizu S. An Overview of Golgi Membrane-Associated Degradation (GOMED) and Its Detection Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2817. [PMID: 38132137 PMCID: PMC10741765 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components and is performed using Atg5 and other molecules originating from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. On the other hand, we identified an alternative type of autophagy, namely, Golgi membrane-associated degradation (GOMED), which also utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components, but does not use Atg5 originating from the Golgi membranes. The GOMED pathway involves Ulk1, Wipi3, Rab9, and other molecules, and plays crucial roles in a wide range of biological phenomena, such as the regulation of insulin secretion and neuronal maintenance. We here describe the overview of GOMED, methods to detect autophagy and GOMED, and to distinguish GOMED from autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tajima Sakurai
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Himeji 678-1205, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Hirofumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
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32
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Xu Q, Fu X, Xiu Z, Yang H, Men X, Liu M, Xu C, Li B, Zhao S, Xu H. Interleukin‑22 alleviates arginine‑induced pancreatic acinar cell injury via the regulation of intracellular vesicle transport system: Evidence from proteomic analysis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:578. [PMID: 38023358 PMCID: PMC10655043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory condition characterized by the activation of pancreatic enzymes within acinar cells, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-22 is a potential therapeutic agent for AP owing to its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to promote tissue repair. The present study evaluated the differentially expressed proteins in arginine-induced pancreatic acinar cell injury following treatment with IL-22, and the possible mechanisms involved in IL-22-mediated alleviation of AP. AR42J cells were stimulated using L-arginine to establish an acinar cell injury model in vitro and the damaged cells were subsequently treated with IL-22. The characteristics of the model and the potential therapeutic effects of IL-22 were examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, transmission electron microscopy and ELISA. Differentially expressed proteins in cells induced by arginine and treated with IL-22 were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were further subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis to elucidate their functional roles. The present study demonstrated that arginine-stimulated cells showed significant pathological changes resembling those in AP, which were alleviated after IL-22 treatment. Proteomic analysis then demonstrated that in IL-22-treated cells, proteins related to the formation and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes were significantly downregulated, whereas endocytosis related proteins were enriched in the upregulated proteins. After IL-22 treatment, western blotting demonstrated reduced expression of autophagy-associated proteins. In conclusion, by inhibiting the formation and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, IL-22 may have mitigated premature trypsinogen activation, subsequently minimizing acinar cell injury induced by L-arginine. This was accompanied by concurrent upregulation of endocytosis, which serves a pivotal role in sustaining regular cellular material transport and signal propagation. This research underscored the potential of IL-22 in mitigating arginine-induced AR42J injury, which could be valuable in refining treatment strategies for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xinjuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Gastroenterology Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Xiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Men
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Changqin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shulei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Ma J, Xiu W, Diao C, Miao Y, Feng Y, Ding W, Li Y, Sultan Y, Li X. Fenpropathrin induces neurotoxic effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105644. [PMID: 38072519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin (FEN) is a synthetic pyrethroid that has been frequently detected in aquatic environments, yet the neurotoxic impacts and underlying mechanisms on nontarget organisms are lacking. In this experiment, common carp were exposed to 0.45 and 1.35 μg/L FEN for 14 d and exhibited abnormal locomotor behaviour. Biochemical and molecular analysis results indicated that FEN altered the contents of tight junction proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1), disturbed Na+-K+-ATPase and AChE activities, caused abnormal expression of neurotransmitters (ACh, DA, GABA, 5-HT, and glutamate) and caused histological damage in the brain, suggesting that FEN may damage the blood-brain barrier and induce neurotoxicity in carp. Furthermore, FEN also promoted an increase in ROS, changed SOD and CAT activities, and generally upregulated the contents of MDA, 8-OHdG, and protein carbonyl in the brain, indicating that FEN can induce oxidative stress and cause damage to lipids, DNA, and proteins. Moreover, inflammation-related indicators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), mitophagy-related genes (PINK1, parkin, ulk1, beclin1, LC3, p62, tfeb, and atg5), and apoptosis-related parameters (p53, bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9) were also significantly changed, suggesting that inflammation, mitophagy, and apoptosis may participate in FEN-induced neurotoxicity in carp. This study refines the understanding of the toxicity mechanism of FEN and thus provides data support for the risk assessment of FEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Wenyao Xiu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chunyu Diao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yumeng Miao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weikai Ding
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yousef Sultan
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Kanai A, Nishida Y, Iwamoto T, Yokota M, Aoyama S, Ueki K, Ito M, Uzawa H, Iida H, Koike M, Watada H. Genome-wide screening for regulators of degradation of insulin secretory granules with a fluorescent reporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:132-140. [PMID: 37516030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is essential in controlling blood glucose levels, and its synthesis and secretion have been well investigated. In contrast, how insulin secretory granules (ISGs) are degraded in pancreatic beta cells remains largely unknown. To clarify the mechanism, we constructed a fluorescent reporter detecting ISG degradation, where EGFP and mCherry are tandemly conjugated to a cytoplasmic region of ZnT8, an ISG membrane-localized protein. Depletion of serum and amino acid stimulated lysosomal ISG degradation detected with the reporter. Next, with MIN6 cells expressing Cas9 and the reporter, we investigated the involvement of conventional Atg5/7-dependent autophagy to show that it is dispensable for the ISG degradation process. Finally, we performed genome-wide screening by enriching the cells lacking the ISG degradation and showed that pathways regulating autophagy are not identified. These results suggest that alternative degradation in lysosomes, instead of conventional autophagy, may be involved in ISG degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kanai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Iwamoto
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shuhei Aoyama
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kyosei Ueki
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Titus AS, Sung EA, Zablocki D, Sadoshima J. Mitophagy for cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:42. [PMID: 37798455 PMCID: PMC10556134 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is maintained by several strictly coordinated mechanisms, collectively termed mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, including fusion and fission, degradation, and biogenesis. As the primary source of energy in cardiomyocytes, mitochondria are the central organelle for maintaining cardiac function. Since adult cardiomyocytes in humans rarely divide, the number of dysfunctional mitochondria cannot easily be diluted through cell division. Thus, efficient degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria is crucial to maintaining cellular function. Mitophagy, a mitochondria specific form of autophagy, is a major mechanism by which damaged or unnecessary mitochondria are targeted and eliminated. Mitophagy is active in cardiomyocytes at baseline and in response to stress, and plays an essential role in maintaining the quality of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Mitophagy is mediated through multiple mechanisms in the heart, and each of these mechanisms can partially compensate for the loss of another mechanism. However, insufficient levels of mitophagy eventually lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in the heart and the role of mitophagy in cardiac pathophysiology, with the focus on recent findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Sam Titus
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Sung
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Yin ZY, Fu T, He SM, Fu L, Li XZ, Xu L, Du L, Yang TT, Zhu X, Wang C, Qiao WL, Tang ZQ, Zhang XY, Li K, Zhang XY, Gong Z, Zhou XY, Zhang B, Sun H. 16α-OHE1, a novel oestrogen metabolite, attenuates dysfunction of left ventricle contractility via regulation of autophagy after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Int J Cardiol 2023; 388:131123. [PMID: 37330017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) can exacerbate the initial cardiac damage in the myocardial functional changes, including dysfunction of left ventricular contractility. Oestrogen has been proven to protect the cardiovascular system. However, whether the oestrogen or its metabolites play the main role in attenuating dysfunction of left ventricular contractility is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study used the LC-MS/MS to detect oestrogen and its metabolites in clinical serum samples (n = 62) with heart diseases. After correlation analysis with markers of myocardial injury including cTnI (P < 0.01), CK-MB (P < 0.05), and D-Dimer (P < 0.001), 16α-OHE1 was identified. The result from LC-MS/MS in female and ovariectomised (OVX) rat serum samples (n = 5) matched the findings in patients. In MI/R model of animal, the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), rate pressure product (RPP), dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin after MI/R in OVX or male group were worsened than those in female group. Also, the infarction area of OVX or male group was larger than that in females (n = 5, p < 0.01). Furthermore, LC3 II in the left ventricle of OVX and male group was lower than that in females (n = 5, p < 0.01) by immunofluorescence. In H9C2 cells, after the application of 16α-OHE1, the number of autophagosomes was further increased and other organelles improved in MI/R. Simultaneously, LC3 II, Beclin1, ATG5, and p-AMPK/AMPK were increased, and p-mTOR/mTOR was decreased (n = 3, p < 0.01) by Simple Western. CONCLUSION 16α-OHE1 could attenuate left ventricle contractility dysfunction via autophagy regulation after MI/R, which also offered fresh perspectives on therapeutical treatment for attenuating MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yuan Yin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shi-Min He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Li Qiao
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qing Tang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- The School of Public Affairs and Governance, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines
| | - Xue-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Kim HG, Ro MH, Lee M. Atg5 knockout induces alternative autophagy via the downregulation of Akt expression. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:637-647. [PMID: 37779593 PMCID: PMC10541375 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy play contradictory roles in cellular transformation. We previously found that the knockout (KO) of autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), which is essential for autophagy, leads to the malignant transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which autophagy contributes to this malignant transformation using two transformed cell lines, Atg5 KO and Ras-NIH 3T3. Monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein-light chain 3 reporter and Cyto-ID staining revealed that Ras-NIH 3T3 cells exhibited higher basal autophagy activity than NIH 3T3 cells. Additionally, transformed cells, regardless of their Atg5 KO status, were more sensitive to autophagy inhibitors (SBI-0206965, chloroquine, and obatoclax) than the untransformed NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting that the transformed cells are more autophagy-dependent than the normal cells. Loss of Atg5 improved the cell viability and mobility, especially in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. Furthermore, we discovered that autophagy was alternatively induced in a Rab9-dependent manner in Ras-NIH 3T3 and NIH 3T3/Atg5 KO cells. In particular, Atg5 KO cells showed reduced mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (pAkt S473), indicating the mTOR-independent occurrence of alternative autophagy in Atg5 KO cells. Therefore, our study provides evidence that alternative autophagy may contribute to tumorigenesis in cells with an impaired Atg5-dependent autophagy pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00191-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Gyo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Han Ro
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Hu W, Qu L, Wang J, Wu A, Lo HH, Ng JPL, Tang Y, Yun X, Wu J, Wong VKW, Chung SK, Wang L, Luo W, Ji X, Law BYK. Tricin promoted ATG-7 dependent autophagic degradation of α-synuclein and dopamine release for improving cognitive and motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106874. [PMID: 37586619 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Tricin, a natural nontoxic flavonoid distributed in grasses and euphorbia plants, has been reported to scavenge free radicals, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, its autophagic effect on Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been elucidated. By adopting cellular and C. elegans models of PD, the autophagic effect of tricin was identified based on the level of autophagy markers (LC3-II and p62). Besides, the pharmacological effects on neurotransmitters (dopamine), inflammatory cytokines (IFN γ, TNFα, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-17A), histology (hematoxylin & eosin and Nissl staining) and behavioural pathology (open-field test, hindlimb clasping, Y-maze, Morris water-maze and nest building test) were also confirmed in the A53T-α-synuclein transgenic PD mouse model. Further experiments demonstrated that tricin induced autophagic flux and lowered the level of α-synuclein through AMPK-p70s6K- and ATG7-dependent mechanism. Compared to the existing clinical PD drugs, tricin mitigated pathogenesis and symptoms of PD with no observable side effects. In summary, tricin is proposed as a potential adjuvant remedy or nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxia Wang
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Liqun Qu
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China; Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drug ability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Draggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jerome P L Ng
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drug ability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Draggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yun
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Linna Wang
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Weidan Luo
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region of China.
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Kim HG, Ro MH, Hwang SH, Lee M. Transformed cells maintain survival by downregulating autophagy at a high cell confluency. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2468-2480. [PMID: 37566647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a dual role in tumorigenesis by functioning as both a tumor suppressor and promoter, depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. However, it is still unclear at what stage the role of autophagy changes during tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the differences in the basal levels and roles of autophagy in five cell lines at different stages of cell transformation. We found that cell lines at higher transformation stages were more sensitive to the autophagy inhibitors, suggesting that autophagy plays a more important role as the transformation progresses. Our ptfLC3 imaging analysis to measure Atg5/LC3-dependent autophagy showed increased autophagic flux in transformed cells compared to untransformed cells. However, the Cyto-ID analysis, which measures Atg5-dependent and -independent autophagic flux, showed high levels of autophagosome formation not only in the transformed cells but also in the initiated cell and Atg5 KO cell line. These results indicate that Atg5-independent autophagy may be more critical in initiated and transformed cell lines than in untransformed cells. Specially, we observed that transformed cells maintained relatively high basal autophagy levels under rapidly proliferating conditions but exhibited much lower basal autophagy levels at high confluency; however, autophagic flux was not significantly reduced in untransformed cells, even at high confluency. In addition, when continuously cultured for 3 weeks without passage, senescent cells were significantly less sensitive to autophagy inhibition than their actively proliferating counterparts. These results imply that once a cell has switched from a proliferative state to a senescent state, the inhibition of autophagy has only a minimal effect. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy can be differentially regulated in cells at different stages of tumorigenesis under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Gyo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Han Ro
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
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Sakamoto K, Fujimoto R, Nakagawa S, Kamiyama E, Kanai K, Kawai Y, Kojima H, Hirasawa A, Wakamatsu K, Masutani T. Juniper berry extract containing Anthricin and Yatein suppresses lipofuscin accumulation in human epidermal keratinocytes through proteasome activation, increases brightness and decreases spots in human skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:655-671. [PMID: 37317028 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin brightness and spot have a significant impact on youthful and beautiful appearance. One important factor influencing skin brightness is the amount of internal reflected light from the skin. Observers recognize the total surface-reflected light and internal reflected light as skin brightness. The more internal reflected light from the skin, the more attractive and brighter the skin appears. This study aims to identify a new natural cosmetic ingredient that increases the skin's internal reflected light, decreases spot and provides a youthful and beautiful skin appearance. METHODS Lipofuscin in epidermal keratinocytes, the aggregating complex of denatured proteins and peroxidized lipids, is one factor that decreases skin brightness and causes of spot. Aggregates block light transmission, and peroxidized lipids lead to skin yellowness, dullness and age spot. Lipofuscin is known to accumulate intracellularly with ageing. Rapid removal of intracellular denatured proteins prevents lipofuscin formation and accumulation in cells. We focused a proteasome system that efficiently removes intracellular denatured proteins. To identify natural ingredients that increase proteasome activity, we screened 380 extracts derived from natural products. The extract with the desired activity was fractionated and purified to identify active compounds that lead to proteasome activation. Finally, the efficacy of the proteasome-activating extract was evaluated in a human clinical study. RESULTS We discovered that Juniperus communis fruits (Juniper berry) extract (JBE) increases proteasome activity and suppresses lipofuscin accumulation in human epidermal keratinocytes. We found Anthricin and Yatein, which belong to the lignan family, to be major active compounds responsible for the proteasome-activating effect of JBE. In a human clinical study, an emulsion containing 1% JBE was applied to half of the face twice daily for 4 weeks, resulting in increased internal reflected light, brightness improvement (L-value) and reduction in yellowness (b-value) and spot in the cheek area. CONCLUSION This is the first report demonstrating that JBE containing Anthricin and Yatein decreases lipofuscin accumulation in human epidermal keratinocytes through proteasome activation, increases brightness and decreases surface spots in human skin. JBE would be an ideal natural cosmetic ingredient for creating a more youthful and beautiful skin appearance with greater brightness and less spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sakamoto
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Runa Fujimoto
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakagawa
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Erina Kamiyama
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kanai
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawai
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirasawa
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Kanae Wakamatsu
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Masutani
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan
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Jin J, Zhu KS, Tang SM, Xiang Y, Mao MY, Hong XD, Chen AF, Zhang XD, Lu H, Chen ZL, Wu JF, Pan SF, Zhu SH. Trehalose promotes functional recovery of keratinocytes under oxidative stress and wound healing via ATG5/ATG7. Burns 2023; 49:1382-1391. [PMID: 36759218 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are in a stressed state, which precludes healing. Trehalose is a stress metabolite that protects cells under stress. Here, we explored whether trehalose reduces stress-induced wound tissue damage. A stress model was prepared by exposing human keratinocytes to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), followed by trehalose treatment. Trehalose effects on expression of the autophagy-related proteins ATG5 and ATG7 and cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. For in vivo verification, a wound model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, to measure the effects of trehalose wound-healing rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Histological changes during wound healing and trehalose's effects on ATG5 and ATG7 expression, necrosis, and apoptosis were examined·H2O2 stress increased ATG5 and ATG7 expression in vitro, but this was insufficient to prevent stress-induced damage. Trehalose further increased ATG5/ATG7 levels, which restored proliferation and increased migration by depolymerizing the cytoskeleton. However, trehalose did not exert these effects after ATG5 and ATG7 knockout. In vivo, the ROS content was higher in the wound tissue than in normal skin. Trehalose increased ATG5/ATG7 expression in wound tissue keratinocytes, reduced necrosis, depolymerized the cytoskeleton, and promoted cell migration, thereby promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Si Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Min Tang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yi Mao
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hong
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Fen Chen
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Chen
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fang Wu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, 903rd Hospital of PLA (The Original 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army), Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sun-Feng Pan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Jiaxing TCM Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shi-Hui Zhu
- Shanghai Depeac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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Oh SJ, Park K, Sonn SK, Oh GT, Lee MS. Pancreatic β-cell mitophagy as an adaptive response to metabolic stress and the underlying mechanism that involves lysosomal Ca 2+ release. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1922-1932. [PMID: 37653033 PMCID: PMC10545665 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an excellent example of selective autophagy that eliminates damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, and it is crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function. The critical roles of autophagy in pancreatic β-cell structure and function have been clearly shown. Furthermore, morphological abnormalities and decreased function of mitochondria have been observed in autophagy-deficient β-cells, suggesting the importance of β-cell mitophagy. However, the role of authentic mitophagy in β-cell function has not been clearly demonstrated, as mice with pancreatic β-cell-specific disruption of Parkin, one of the most important players in mitophagy, did not exhibit apparent abnormalities in β-cell function or glucose homeostasis. Instead, the role of mitophagy in pancreatic β-cells has been investigated using β-cell-specific Tfeb-knockout mice (TfebΔβ-cell mice); Tfeb is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis or autophagy gene expression and participates in mitophagy. TfebΔβ-cell mice were unable to adaptively increase mitophagy or mitochondrial complex activity in response to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress. Consequently, TfebΔβ-cell mice exhibited impaired β-cell responses and further exacerbated metabolic deterioration after HFD feeding. TFEB was activated by mitochondrial or metabolic stress-induced lysosomal Ca2+ release, which led to calcineurin activation and mitophagy. After lysosomal Ca2+ release, depleted lysosomal Ca2+ stores were replenished by ER Ca2+ through ER→lysosomal Ca2+ refilling, which supplemented the low lysosomal Ca2+ capacity. The importance of mitophagy in β-cell function was also demonstrated in mice that developed β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance after treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor that hampered TFEB activation and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Kihyoun Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Seong Keun Sonn
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03767, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03767, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
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Li B, Lv X, Xu Z, He J, Liu S, Zhang X, Tong X, Li J, Zhang Y. Helicobacter pylori infection induces autophagy via ILK regulation of NOXs-ROS-Nrf2/HO-1-ROS loop. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:284. [PMID: 37599292 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can regulate the occurrence of autophagy, and effective control of the balance between ROS and autophagy may be an important strategy for Helicobacter pylori induced gastric-related diseases. In this study, infection with H. pylori led to a lower level of ILK phosphorylation and increased ROS generation. Knockdown of ILK enhanced total ROS generation, and upregulated NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunit p22-phox levels. Inhibition of NOXs affected total ROS generation. The inhibition of NOX and ROS generation reduced Nrf2 and HO-1 levels, and knockdown of ILK significantly enhanced Nrf2 levels in H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells. Activation of Nrf2 by DMF decreased ROS levels. Therefore, NOX-dependent ROS production regulated by ILK was essential for activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells. Beclin1, ATG5 and LC3B-II levels were higher both in H. pylori-infected and ILK-knockdown GES-1 cells. In NAC-pretreated GES-1 cells infected with H. pylori, the LC3B-II level was decreased compared to that in cells after H. pylori infection alone. Stable low expression of ILK with further knockdown of Beclin1 or ATG5 significantly reduced LC3B-II levels in GES-1 cells, while with the addition of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), LC3B-II and p62 protein levels were both remarkably upregulated. H. pylori accelerated the accumulation of ROS and further led to the induction of ROS-mediated autophagy by inhibiting ILK levels. Together, these results indicate that H. pylori infection manipulates the NOX-ROS-Nrf2/HO-1-ROS loop to control intracellular oxygen stress and further induced ROS-mediated autophagy by inhibiting ILK levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xin Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jing He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - SiSi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaohan Tong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346# Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis and organelle integrity and function is critical for cellular homeostasis and cell viability. Autophagy is the principal mechanism that mediates the delivery of various cellular cargoes to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. A myriad of studies demonstrate important protective roles for autophagy against disease. However, in cancer, seemingly opposing roles of autophagy are observed in the prevention of early tumour development versus the maintenance and metabolic adaptation of established and metastasizing tumours. Recent studies have addressed not only the tumour cell intrinsic functions of autophagy, but also the roles of autophagy in the tumour microenvironment and associated immune cells. In addition, various autophagy-related pathways have been described, which are distinct from classical autophagy, that utilize parts of the autophagic machinery and can potentially contribute to malignant disease. Growing evidence on how autophagy and related processes affect cancer development and progression has helped guide efforts to design anticancer treatments based on inhibition or promotion of autophagy. In this Review, we discuss and dissect these different functions of autophagy and autophagy-related processes during tumour development, maintenance and progression. We outline recent findings regarding the role of these processes in both the tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment and describe advances in therapy aimed at autophagy processes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Noor Gammoh
- MRC Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Seidel M, Rajkumar S, Steffke C, Noeth V, Agarwal S, Roger K, Lipecka J, Ludolph A, Guerrera CI, Boeckers T, Catanese A. Propranolol reduces the accumulation of cytotoxic aggregates in C9orf72-ALS/FTD in vitro models. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100105. [PMID: 37576491 PMCID: PMC10412779 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the C9orf72 gene are the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The pathogenetic mechanisms linked to this gene are a direct consequence of an aberrant intronic expansion of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide located between the 1a and 1b non-coding exons, which can be transcribed to form cytotoxic RNA foci or even translated into aggregation-prone dipeptide repeat proteins. Importantly, the abnormal length of these repeats affects also the expression levels of C9orf72 itself, which suggests haploinsufficiency as additional pathomechanism. Thus, it appears that both toxic gain of function and loss of function are distinct but still coexistent features contributing to the insurgence of the disease in case of C9orf72 mutations. In this study, we aimed at identifying a strategy to address both aspects of the C9orf72-related pathobiochemistry and provide proof-of-principle information for a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to neuronal loss. By using primary neurons overexpressing toxic poly(GA), the most abundant protein product of the GGGGCC repeats, we found that the antiarrhythmic drug propranolol could efficiently reduce the accumulation of aberrant aggregates and increase the survival of C9orf72-related cultures. Interestingly, the improved catabolism appeared to not depend on major degradative pathways such as autophagy and the proteasome. By analyzing the proteome of poly(GA)-expressing neurons after exposure to propranolol, we found that the drug increased lysosomal degradation through a mechanism directly involving C9orf72 protein, whose levels were increased after treatment. Further confirmation of the beneficial effect of the beta blocker on aggregates' accumulation and survival of hiPSC-derived C9orf72-mutant motoneurons strengthened the finding that addressing both facets of C9orf72 pathology might represent a valid strategy for the treatment of these ALS/FTD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Seidel
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandeep Rajkumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christina Steffke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vivien Noeth
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shreya Agarwal
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Roger
- Proteomics Platform Necker, Université Paris Cité - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomics Platform Necker, Université Paris Cité - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm site, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiara Ida Guerrera
- Proteomics Platform Necker, Université Paris Cité - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm site, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm site, Ulm, Germany
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Sakurai HT, Iwashita H, Arakawa S, Yikelamu A, Kusaba M, Kofuji S, Nishina H, Ishiyama M, Ueno Y, Shimizu S. Development of small fluorescent probes for the analysis of autophagy kinetics. iScience 2023; 26:107218. [PMID: 37456828 PMCID: PMC10339198 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process that degrades subcellular constituents, and its activity is measured by autophagic flux. The tandem proteins RFP-GFP-LC3 and GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG, which enable the visualization of autophagic vacuoles of different stages by differences in their fluorescent color, are useful tools to monitor autophagic flux, but they require plasmid transfection. In this study, we hence aimed to develop a new method to monitor autophagic flux using small cell-permeable fluorescent probes. We previously developed two green-fluorescent probes, DALGreen and DAPGreen, which detect autolysosomes and multistep autophagic vacuoles, respectively. We here developed a red-fluorescent autophagic probe, named DAPRed, which recognizes various autophagic vacuoles. By the combinatorial use of these green- and red-fluorescent probes, we were able to readily detect autophagic flux. Furthermore, these probes were useful not only for the visualization of canonical autophagy but also for alternative autophagy. DAPRed was also applicable for the detection of autophagy in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tajima Sakurai
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Iwashita
- Dojindo Laboratories, Tabaru 2025-5, Mashiki-machi, Kumamoto 861-2202, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Alifu Yikelamu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kusaba
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kofuji
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Munetaka Ishiyama
- Dojindo Laboratories, Tabaru 2025-5, Mashiki-machi, Kumamoto 861-2202, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ueno
- Dojindo Laboratories, Tabaru 2025-5, Mashiki-machi, Kumamoto 861-2202, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Song J, Ham J, Park S, Park SJ, Kim HS, Song G, Lim W. Alpinumisoflavone Activates Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis, Mitochondria and Autophagosome to Suppress Development of Endometriosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1324. [PMID: 37507864 PMCID: PMC10376749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinumisoflavone is an isoflavonoid extracted from the Cudrania tricuspidate fruit and Genista pichisermolliana. It has various physiological functions, such as anti-inflammation, anti-proliferation, and apoptosis, in malignant tumors. However, the effect of alpinumisoflavone is still not known in chronic diseases and other benign reproductive diseases, such as endometriosis. In this study, we examined the cell death effects of alpinumisoflavone on the endometriosis cell lines, End1/E6E7 and VK2/E6E7. Results indicated that alpinumisoflavone inhibited cell migration and proliferation and led to cell cycle arrest, depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential, apoptosis, and disruption of calcium homeostasis in the endometriosis cell lines. However, the cellular proliferation of normal uterine epithelial cells was not changed by alpinumisoflavone. The alteration in Ca2+ levels was estimated in fluo-4 AM-stained End1/E6E7 and VK2/E6E7 cells after alpinumisoflavone treatment with or without calcium inhibitor, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). The results indicated that a combination of alpinumisoflavone and a calcium inhibitor reduced the calcium accumulation in the cytosol of endometriosis cells. Additionally, alpinumisoflavone decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the endometriotic cells. Moreover, protein expression analysis revealed that alpinumisoflavone inactivated AKT signaling pathways, whereas it increased MAPK, ER stress, and autophagy regulatory proteins in End1/E6E7 and VK2/E6E7 cell lines. In summary, our results suggested that alpinumisoflavone could be a promising effective management agent or an adjuvant therapy for benign disease endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52725, Republic of Korea
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Aoyama S, Nishida Y, Uzawa H, Himuro M, Kanai A, Ueki K, Ito M, Iida H, Tanida I, Miyatsuka T, Fujitani Y, Matsumoto M, Watada H. Monitoring autophagic flux in vivo revealed its physiological response and significance of heterogeneity in pancreatic beta cells. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:658-671.e4. [PMID: 36944338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in preserving cellular homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells. However, the extent of autophagic flux in pancreatic islets induced in various physiological settings remains unclear. In this study, we generate transgenic mice expressing pHluorin-LC3-mCherry reporter for monitoring systemic autophagic flux by measuring the pHluorin/mCherry ratio, validating them in the starvation and insulin-deficient model. Our findings reveal that autophagic flux in pancreatic islets enhances after starvation, and suppression of the flux after short-term refeeding needs more prolonged re-starvation in islets than in the other insulin-targeted organs. Furthermore, heterogeneity of autophagic flux in pancreatic beta cells manifests under insulin resistance, and intracellular calcium influx by glucose stimulation increases more in high- than low-autophagic flux beta cells, with differential gene expression, including lipoprotein lipase. Our pHluorin-LC3-mCherry mice enable us to reveal biological insight into heterogeneity in autophagic flux in pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Aoyama
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miwa Himuro
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kyosei Ueki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Chen X, Qin W, Wang L, Jin Y, Tu J, Yuan X. Autophagy gene Atg7 regulates the development of radiation-induced skin injury and fibrosis of skin. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13337. [PMID: 37357660 PMCID: PMC10230157 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced skin injury, which may progress to fibrosis, is a severe side effect of radiotherapy in patients with cancer. However, currently, there is a lack of preventive or curative treatments for this injury. Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying this injury remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidated whether autophagy is essential for the development of radiation-induced skin injury and the potential molecular pathways and mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the myofibroblast-specific Atg7 knockout (namely, conditional Atg7 knockout) mice irradiated with a single electron beam irradiation dose of 30 Gy. Vaseline-based 0.2% rapamycin ointment was topically applied once daily from the day of irradiation for 30 days. On day 30 post irradiation, skin tissues were harvested for further analysis. In vitro, human foreskin fibroblast cells were treated with rapamycin (100 nM) for 24 h and pretreated with 3-MA (5 mM) for 12 h. Macroscopic skin manifestations, histological changes, and fibrosis markers at the mRNA and protein expression levels were measured. Post irradiation, the myofibroblast-specific autophagy-deficient (Atg7Flox/Flox Cre+ ) mice had increased fibrosis marker (COL1A1, CTGF, TGF-β1, and α-SMA) levels in the irradiated area and had more severe macroscopic skin manifestations than the control group (Atg7Flox/Flox Cre- ) mice. Treatment with an autophagy agonist rapamycin attenuated macroscopic skin injury scores and skin fibrosis marker levels with decreased epidermal thickness and dermal collagen deposition in Atg7Flox/Flox Cre+ mice compared with the vehicle control. Moreover, in vitro experiment results were consistent with the in vivo results. Together with studies at the molecular level, we found that these changes involved the Akt/mTOR pathway. In addition, this phenomenon might also relate to Nrf2-autophagy signaling pathway under oxidative stress conditions. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Atg7 and autophagy-related mechanisms confer radioprotection, and reactivation of the autophagy process can be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce and prevent the occurrence of radiodermatitis, particularly skin fibrosis, in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
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50
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Li Y, An M, Fu X, Meng X, Ma Y, Liu H, Li Q, Xu H, Chen J. Bushen Wenyang Huayu Decoction inhibits autophagy by regulating the SIRT1-FoXO-1 pathway in endometriosis rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116277. [PMID: 36806342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Wenyang Huayu Decoction (BWHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney and warming Yang, thereby resolving blood stasis and relieving pain. BWHD can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with endometriosis (EMs), but its mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We evaluated the expression and role of the SIRT1-FoxO-1 pathway and autophagy levels in EMs rats. The therapeutic effects and potential therapeutic mechanisms of BWHD were also investigated. METHODS Twenty rats were randomized into the sham group and eighty rats were used for model establishment by autologous transplantation. After successful modeling, they were randomized into the model, BWHD, EX527+BWHD and EX527 groups, with 20 rats in each group. All rats were intragastrically administered with for 3 weeks. Localization of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Forkhead boxO-1 (FoXO-1), Beclin-1, autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) and autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of the above proteins was determined by Western blot and their messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were detected by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The protein and mRNA expressions of FoXO-1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg7 in the model group were markedly increased, while that of SIRT1 was markedly decreased relative to the sham group (p < 0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Results showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of FoXO-1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg7 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of BWHD group were lower, while SIRT1 expression was higher than in the model group (p < 0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, protein and mRNA expression levels of FoXO-1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg7 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of EX527 group were higher, while SIRT1 level was significantly lower than in the model group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The EX527-induced changes in protein and mRNA expressions were reversed in the EX527+BWHD group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS BWHD inhibits autophagy by up-regulating SIRT1 and down-regulating FoXO-1 expression in EMs via the SIRT1-FoXO-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, it is a potential treatment for EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Mingli An
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Xinping Fu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Xin Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Yiming Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Qingxue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China.
| | - Huazhou Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
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