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Du X, Jia H, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Song J. Progress of organoid platform in cardiovascular research. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:88-103. [PMID: 38962658 PMCID: PMC11220467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of death in humans. Various models are necessary for the study of cardiovascular diseases, but once cellular and animal models have some defects, such as insufficient fidelity. As a new technology, organoid has certain advantages and has been used in many applications in the study of cardiovascular diseases. This article aims to summarize the application of organoid platforms in cardiovascular diseases, including organoid construction schemes, modeling, and application of cardiovascular organoids. Advances in cardiovascular organoid research have provided many models for different cardiovascular diseases in a variety of areas, including myocardium, blood vessels, and valves. Physiological and pathological models of different diseases, drug research models, and methods for evaluating and promoting the maturation of different kinds of organ tissues are provided for various cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress in cardiovascular organ tissues, including construction protocols for cardiovascular organoid tissues and their evaluation system, different types of disease models, and applications of cardiovascular organoid models in various studies. The problems and possible solutions in organoid development are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
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2
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Mainali BB, Yoo JJ, Ladd MR. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches in colorectal surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:336-349. [PMID: 39228197 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2024.00437.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an emerging field that has provided new therapeutic opportunities by delivering innovative solutions. The development of nontraditional therapies for previously unsolvable diseases and conditions has brought hope and excitement to countless individuals globally. Many regenerative medicine therapies have been developed and delivered to patients clinically. The technology platforms developed in regenerative medicine have been expanded to various medical areas; however, their applications in colorectal surgery remain limited. Applying TERM technologies to engineer biological tissue and organ substitutes may address the current therapeutic challenges and overcome some complications in colorectal surgery, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, short bowel syndrome, and diseases of motility and neuromuscular function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TERM applications in colorectal surgery, highlighting the current state of the art, including preclinical and clinical studies, current challenges, and future perspectives. This article synthesizes the latest findings, providing a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers aiming to integrate TERM into colorectal surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigyan B Mainali
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell R Ladd
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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3
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Surma M, Anbarasu K, Das A. Arp2/3 mediated dynamic lamellipodia of the hPSC colony edges promote liposome-based DNA delivery. Stem Cells 2024; 42:607-622. [PMID: 38717908 PMCID: PMC11228622 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Cationic liposome-mediated delivery of drugs, DNA, or RNA plays a pivotal role in small molecule therapy, gene editing, and immunization. However, our current knowledge regarding the cellular structures that facilitate this process remains limited. Here, we used human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which form compact colonies consisting of dynamically active cells at the periphery and epithelial-like cells at the core. We discovered that cells at the colony edges selectively got transfected by cationic liposomes through actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) dependent dynamic lamellipodia, which is augmented by myosin II inhibition. Conversely, cells at the core establish tight junctions at their apical surfaces, impeding liposomal access to the basal lamellipodia and thereby inhibiting transfection. In contrast, liposomes incorporating mannosylated lipids are internalized throughout the entire colony via receptor-mediated endocytosis. These findings contribute a novel mechanistic insight into enhancing therapeutic delivery via liposomes, particularly in cell types characterized by dynamic lamellipodia, such as immune cells or those comprising the epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Surma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Kavitha Anbarasu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Arupratan Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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4
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Omelianchuk A, Capron AM, Ross LF, Derse AR, Bernat JL, Magnus D. Neither Ethical nor Prudent: Why Not to Choose Normothermic Regional Perfusion. Hastings Cent Rep 2024; 54:14-23. [PMID: 38768312 DOI: 10.1002/hast.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In transplant medicine, the use of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in donation after circulatory determination of death raises ethical difficulties. NRP is objectionable because it restores the donor's circulation, thus invalidating a death declaration based on the permanent cessation of circulation. NRP's defenders respond with arguments that are tortuous and factually inaccurate and depend on introducing extraneous concepts into the law. However, results comparable to NRP's-more and higher-quality organs and more efficient allocation-can be achieved by removing organs from deceased donors and using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to support the organs outside the body, without jeopardizing confidence in transplantation's legal and ethical foundations. Given the controversy that NRP generates and the convoluted justifications made for it, we recommend a prudential approach we call "ethical parsimony," which holds that, in the choice between competing means of achieving a result, the ethically simpler one is to be preferred. This approach makes clear that policy-makers should favor NMP over NRP.
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Rehman A, Fatima I, Noor F, Qasim M, Wang P, Jia J, Alshabrmi FM, Liao M. Role of small molecules as drug candidates for reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells: A comprehensive review. Comput Biol Med 2024; 177:108661. [PMID: 38810477 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
With the use of specific genetic factors and recent developments in cellular reprogramming, it is now possible to generate lineage-committed cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from readily available and common somatic cell types. However, there are still significant doubts regarding the safety and effectiveness of the current genetic methods for reprogramming cells, as well as the conventional culture methods for maintaining stem cells. Small molecules that target specific epigenetic processes, signaling pathways, and other cellular processes can be used as a complementary approach to manipulate cell fate to achieve a desired objective. It has been discovered that a growing number of small molecules can support lineage differentiation, maintain stem cell self-renewal potential, and facilitate reprogramming by either increasing the efficiency of reprogramming or acting as a genetic reprogramming factor substitute. However, ongoing challenges include improving reprogramming efficiency, ensuring the safety of small molecules, and addressing issues with incomplete epigenetic resetting. Small molecule iPSCs have significant clinical applications in regenerative medicine and personalized therapies. This review emphasizes the versatility and potential safety benefits of small molecules in overcoming challenges associated with the iPSCs reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rehman
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Israr Fatima
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Fatima Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University of Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University of Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Peng Wang
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinrui Jia
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Mousavi Mirkalaei S, Farivar S. Systematic optimization of culture media for maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells using the response surface methodology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32558. [PMID: 38975108 PMCID: PMC11226774 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides tremendous opportunities in cell therapy. However, culturing these cells faces many practical challenges, including costs associated with cell culture media and the optimization of cell culture conditions. Providing an optimized culture platform for hiPSCs to maintain pluripotency and self-renewal and generate cost-effective and robust therapeutics is an immediate requirement. This study used the design of experiments and the response surface methodology, a powerful statistical tool, to generate empirical models for predicting the optimal culture conditions of the hiPSCs. Pluripotency and cell proliferation were applied as read-outs to determine the optimal concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and cell density. One model was defined to predict pluripotency and cell proliferation in terms of the predictor variables of the bFGF concentration and cell seeding density. Predicted culture conditions to maximize maintaining cell pluripotency were successfully validated. The present study's findings provide a novel approach that can potentially allow controllable hiPSC culture routine in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmilad Mousavi Mirkalaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Moyo MTG, Adali T, Tulay P. Exploring gellan gum-based hydrogels for regenerating human embryonic stem cells in age-related macular degeneration therapy: A literature review. Regen Ther 2024; 26:235-250. [PMID: 38966602 PMCID: PMC11222715 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive ocular disease marked by the deterioration of retinal photoreceptor cells, leading to central vision decline, predominantly affecting the elderly population worldwide. Current treatment modalities, such as anti-VEGF agents, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy, aim to manage the condition, with emerging strategies like stem cell replacement therapy showing promise. However, challenges like immune rejection and cell survival hinder the efficacy of stem cell interventions. Regenerative medicine faces obstacles in maximizing stem cell potential due to limitations in mimicking the dynamic cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) crucial for guiding stem cell behaviour. Innovative biomaterials like gellan gum hydrogels offer tailored microenvironments conducive to enhancing stem cell culture efficacy and tissue regeneration. Gellan gum-based hydrogels, renowned for biocompatibility and customizable mechanical properties, provide crucial support for cell viability, differentiation, and controlled release of therapeutic factors, making them an ideal platform for culturing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). These hydrogels mimic native tissue mechanics, promoting optimal hESC differentiation while minimizing immune responses and facilitating localized delivery. This review explores the potential of Gellan Gum-Based Hydrogels in regenerative AMD therapy, emphasizing their role in enhancing hESC regeneration and addressing current status, treatment limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mthabisi Talent George Moyo
- Near East University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. Box: 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Girne American University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, PO Box 99428, Karmi Campus, Karaoglanoglu, Kyrenia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Girne American University, Research and Application Center of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 99428, Karmi Campus, Karaoglanoglu, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Terin Adali
- Girne American University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, PO Box 99428, Karmi Campus, Karaoglanoglu, Kyrenia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Girne American University, Research and Application Center of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 99428, Karmi Campus, Karaoglanoglu, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Pinar Tulay
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Near East University, DESAM Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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8
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Motchon YD, Sack KL, Sirry MS, Nchejane NJ, Abdalrahman T, Nagawa J, Kruger M, Pauwels E, Van Loo D, De Muynck A, Van Hoorebeke L, Davies NH, Franz T. In silico Mechanics of Stem Cells Intramyocardially Transplanted with a Biomaterial Injectate for Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2024:10.1007/s13239-024-00734-1. [PMID: 38782879 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-024-00734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomaterial and stem cell delivery are promising approaches to treating myocardial infarction. However, the mechanical and biochemical mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits require further clarification. This study aimed to assess the deformation of stem cells injected with the biomaterial into the infarcted heart. METHODS A microstructural finite element model of a mid-wall infarcted myocardial region was developed from ex vivo microcomputed tomography data of a rat heart with left ventricular infarct and intramyocardial biomaterial injectate. Nine cells were numerically seeded in the injectate of the microstructural model. The microstructural and a previously developed biventricular finite element model of the same rat heart were used to quantify the deformation of the cells during a cardiac cycle for a biomaterial elastic modulus (Einj) ranging between 4.1 and 405,900 kPa. RESULTS The transplanted cells' deformation was largest for Einj = 7.4 kPa, matching that of the cells, and decreased for an increase and decrease in Einj. The cell deformation was more sensitive to Einj changes for softer (Einj ≤ 738 kPa) than stiffer biomaterials. CONCLUSIONS Combining the microstructural and biventricular finite element models enables quantifying micromechanics of transplanted cells in the heart. The approach offers a broader scope for in silico investigations of biomaterial and cell therapies for myocardial infarction and other cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Motchon
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
| | - K L Sack
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Cardiac Rhythm Management, Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M S Sirry
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Computing, American International University, Al Jahra, Kuwait
| | - N J Nchejane
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - T Abdalrahman
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - J Nagawa
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - M Kruger
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - E Pauwels
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Van Loo
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- XRE nv, Bollebergen 2B box 1, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - A De Muynck
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Van Hoorebeke
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N H Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - T Franz
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Mote RD, Tiwari M, Yadavalli N, Rajan R, Subramanyam D. A high-throughput screen in mESCs to identify the cross-talk between signaling, endocytosis, and pluripotency. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38706123 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell fate is regulated by various cellular processes. Recently, the process of endocytosis has been implicated in playing a role in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells. A previous siRNA-based screen interrogated the function of core components of the endocytic machinery in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, revealing a crucial role for clathrin mediated endocytosis. A number of other proteins involved in key signaling pathways have also been shown to both regulate and be regulated by endocytosis. We collated a list of 1141 genes in connection to the term "endocytosis" from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO), excluding those previously interrogated, and examined the effect of their knockdown on the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using levels of green fluorescent protein driven by the Oct4 promoter. We used high-throughput screening followed by an automated MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB)-based analysis pipeline and assessed changes in GFP fluorescence as a readout for ESC pluripotency. Through this screen we identified a number of genes, many hitherto not associated with stem cell pluripotency, which upon knockdown either resulted in a significant increase or decrease of GFP fluorescence. We further present validation for some of these hits. We present a workflow aimed to identify genes involved in signaling pathways which can be regulated by endocytosis, and that affect the pluripotency of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridim D Mote
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Mahak Tiwari
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
- SP Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Narayana Yadavalli
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Raghav Rajan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Deepa Subramanyam
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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Jia Y, Qian J, Hao S, Zhang S, Wei F, Zheng H, Li Y, Song J, Zhao Z. New Prospects Arising from Dynamically Crosslinked Polymers: Reprogramming Their Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313164. [PMID: 38577834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically crosslinked polymers (DCPs) have gained significant attention owing to their applications in fabricating (re)processable, recyclable, and self-healable thermosets, which hold great promise in addressing ecological issues, such as plastic pollution and resource scarcity. However, the current research predominantly focuses on redefining and/or manipulating their geometries while replicating their bulk properties. Given the inherent design flexibility of dynamic covalent networks, DCPs also exhibit a remarkable potential for various novel applications through postsynthesis reprogramming their properties. In this review, the recent advancements in strategies that enable DCPs to transform their bulk properties after synthesis are presented. The underlying mechanisms and associated material properties are overviewed mainly through three distinct strategies, namely latent catalysts, material-growth, and topology isomerizable networks. Furthermore, the mutual relationship and impact of these strategies when integrated within one material system are also discussed. Finally, the application prospects and relevant issues necessitating further investigation, along with the potential solutions are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Senyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fengchun Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Ave., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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11
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Kashiwagi K, Yoshida J, Kimura H, Shinjo K, Kondo Y, Horie K. Mutation of the SWI/SNF complex component Smarce1 decreases nucleosome stability in embryonic stem cells and impairs differentiation. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260467. [PMID: 38357971 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex consists of more than ten component proteins that form a large protein complex of >1 MDa. The catalytic proteins Smarca4 or Smarca2 work in concert with the component proteins to form a chromatin platform suitable for transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanism by which each component protein works synergistically with the catalytic proteins remains largely unknown. Here, we report on the function of Smarce1, a component of the SWI/SNF complex, through the phenotypic analysis of homozygous mutant embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Disruption of Smarce1 induced the dissociation of other complex components from the SWI/SNF complex. Histone binding to DNA was loosened in homozygous mutant ESCs, indicating that disruption of Smarce1 decreased nucleosome stability. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis suggested that there was an ectopic genomic distribution of the SWI/SNF complex upon disruption of Smarce1, accounting for the misregulation of chromatin conformations. Unstable nucleosomes remained during ESC differentiation, impairing the heterochromatin formation that is characteristic of the differentiation process. These results suggest that Smarce1 guides the SWI/SNF complex to the appropriate genomic regions to generate chromatin structures adequate for transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunobu Kashiwagi
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiko Shinjo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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12
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Hartmann SM, Heider J, Wüst R, Fallgatter AJ, Volkmer H. Microglia-neuron interactions in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1345349. [PMID: 38510107 PMCID: PMC10950997 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1345349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence implicate increased neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells to play a key role in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Microglia, which are the primary innate immune cells of the brain, are crucial for the refinement of the synaptic circuitry during early brain development by synaptic pruning and the regulation of synaptic plasticity during adulthood. Schizophrenia risk factors as genetics or environmental influences may further be linked to increased activation of microglia, an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and activation of the inflammasome resulting in an overall elevated neuroinflammatory state in patients. Synaptic loss, one of the central pathological hallmarks of schizophrenia, is believed to be due to excess removal of synapses by activated microglia, primarily affecting glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate microglia-neuron interactions, which has been done by multiple studies focusing on post-mortem brain tissues, brain imaging, animal models and patient iPSC-derived 2D culture systems. In this review, we summarize the major findings in patients and in vivo and in vitro models in the context of neuron-microglia interactions in schizophrenia and secondly discuss the potential of anti-inflammatory treatments for the alleviation of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia-Marie Hartmann
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Heider
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Richard Wüst
- Department of Psychiatry, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Volkmer
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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13
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Ng CY, Cheung C. Origins and functional differences of blood endothelial cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:23-29. [PMID: 37202277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The interests in blood endothelial cells arise from their therapeutic potential in vascular repair and regeneration. Our understanding of blood endothelial cells that exist in the circulation has been evolving significantly from the original concept of endothelial progenitor cells. Many studies have uncovered heterogeneities of blood endothelial subtypes where some cells express both endothelial and hematopoietic antigens, and others possess either mature or immature endothelial markers. Due to the lack of definitive cell marker identities, there have been momentums in the field to adopt a technical-oriented labeling system based on the cells' involvement in postnatal neovascularization and cell culture derivatives. Our review streamlines nomenclatures for blood endothelial subtypes and standardizes understanding of their functional differences. Broadly, we will discuss about myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs). The strategic location of blood endothelial cells confers them essential roles in supporting physiological processes. MACs exert angiogenic effects through paracrine mechanisms, while ECFCs are recruited to sites of vascular injury to participate directly in new vessel formation. BOECs are an in vitro derivative of ECFCs. CECs are shed into the bloodstream from damaged vessels, hence reflective of endothelial dysfunction. With clarity on the functional attributes of blood endothelial subtypes, we present recent advances in their applications in disease modelling, along with serving as biomarkers of vascular tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
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14
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Yoon DE, Lee H, Kim K. Recent Research Trends in Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Editing Methods. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:1-14. [PMID: 37904281 PMCID: PMC10899885 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, a rapidly advancing genome editing technology, allows DNA alterations into the genome of organisms. Gene editing using the CRISPR system enables more precise and diverse editing, such as single nucleotide conversion, precise knock-in of target sequences or genes, chromosomal rearrangement, or gene disruption by simple cutting. Moreover, CRISPR systems comprising transcriptional activators/repressors can be used for epigenetic regulation without DNA damage. Stem cell DNA engineering based on gene editing tools has enormous potential to provide clues regarding the pathogenesis of diseases and to study the mechanisms and treatments of incurable diseases. Here, we review the latest trends in stem cell research using various CRISPR/Cas technologies and discuss their future prospects in treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Turnbull IC, Gaitas A. Characterizing induced pluripotent stem cells and derived cardiomyocytes: insights from nano scale mass measurements and mechanical properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1059-1064. [PMID: 38356620 PMCID: PMC10863719 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Our study reveals that the nano-mechanical measures of elasticity and cell mass change significantly through induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation to cardiomyocytes, providing a reliable method to evaluate such processes. The findings support the importance of identifying these properties, and highlight the potential of AFM for comprehensive characterization of iPSC at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
- BioMedical Engineering & Imaging Institute, Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
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16
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Boynton NR, Dennis JM, Dolinski ND, Lindberg CA, Kotula AP, Grocke GL, Vivod SL, Lenhart JL, Patel SN, Rowan SJ. Accessing pluripotent materials through tempering of dynamic covalent polymer networks. Science 2024; 383:545-551. [PMID: 38300995 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotency, which is defined as a system not fixed as to its developmental potentialities, is typically associated with biology and stem cells. Inspired by this concept, we report synthetic polymers that act as a single "pluripotent" feedstock and can be differentiated into a range of materials that exhibit different mechanical properties, from hard and brittle to soft and extensible. To achieve this, we have exploited dynamic covalent networks that contain labile, dynamic thia-Michael bonds, whose extent of bonding can be thermally modulated and retained through tempering, akin to the process used in metallurgy. In addition, we show that the shape memory behavior of these materials can be tailored through tempering and that these materials can be patterned to spatially control mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Boynton
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joseph M Dennis
- Sciences of Extreme Materials Division, Polymers Branch, US DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA
| | - Neil D Dolinski
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Charlie A Lindberg
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anthony P Kotula
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Garrett L Grocke
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Joseph L Lenhart
- Sciences of Extreme Materials Division, Polymers Branch, US DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA
| | - Shrayesh N Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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17
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Liu DH, Tseng HC, Lee MS, Chiou GY, Wang CT, Lin YY, Lai WY, Liu YH, Wang CY, Lee CY, Kao CL, Chen CF, Chien Y. Overcoming the challenges of scalable iPSC generation in translation medicine. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:163-170. [PMID: 38132887 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in revolutionizing regenerative medicine cannot be overstated. iPSCs offer a profound opportunity for therapies involving cell replacement, disease modeling, and cell transplantation. However, the widespread application of iPSC cellular therapy faces hurdles, including the imperative to regulate iPSC differentiation rigorously and the inherent genetic disparities among individuals. To address these challenges, the concept of iPSC super donors emerges, holding exceptional genetic attributes and advantageous traits. These super donors serve as a wellspring of standardized, high-quality cell sources, mitigating inter-individual variations and augmenting the efficacy of therapy. METHODS In pursuit of this goal, our study embarked on the establishment of iPSC cell lines specifically sourced from donors possessing the HLA type (A33:03-B58:01-DRB1*03:01). The reprogramming process was meticulously executed, resulting in the successful generation of iPSC lines from these carefully selected donors. Subsequently, an extensive characterization was conducted to comprehensively understand the features and attributes of these iPSC lines. RESULTS The outcomes of our research were highly promising. The reprogramming efforts culminated in the generation of iPSC lines from donors with the specified HLA type. These iPSC lines displayed a range of distinctive characteristics that were thoroughly examined and documented. This successful generation of iPSC lines from super donors possessing advantageous genetic traits represents a significant stride towards the realization of their potential in therapeutic applications. CONCLUSION In summary, our study marks a crucial milestone in the realm of regenerative medicine. The establishment of iPSC lines from super donors with specific HLA types signifies a paradigm shift in addressing challenges related to iPSC cellular therapy. The standardized and high-quality cell sources derived from these super donors hold immense potential for various therapeutic applications. As we move forward, these findings provide a solid foundation for further research and development, ultimately propelling the field of regenerative medicine toward new horizons of efficacy and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Hao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huan-Chin Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Shiue Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Tien Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Yi Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Fong Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Chien
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Edwards MM, Wang N, Massey DJ, Bhatele S, Egli D, Koren A. Incomplete reprogramming of DNA replication timing in induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113664. [PMID: 38194345 PMCID: PMC11231959 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are the foundation of cell therapy. Differences in gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin conformation, which could affect differentiation capacity, have been identified between iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Less is known about whether DNA replication timing, a process linked to both genome regulation and genome stability, is efficiently reprogrammed to the embryonic state. To answer this, we compare genome-wide replication timing between ESCs, iPSCs, and cells reprogrammed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT-ESCs). While NT-ESCs replicate their DNA in a manner indistinguishable from ESCs, a subset of iPSCs exhibits delayed replication at heterochromatic regions containing genes downregulated in iPSCs with incompletely reprogrammed DNA methylation. DNA replication delays are not the result of gene expression or DNA methylation aberrations and persist after cells differentiate to neuronal precursors. Thus, DNA replication timing can be resistant to reprogramming and influence the quality of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dashiell J Massey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sakshi Bhatele
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Amnon Koren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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19
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Hajialiasgary Najafabadi A, Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N. Exosomes in skin photoaging: biological functions and therapeutic opportunity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38217034 PMCID: PMC10785444 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types, which are filled with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (non-coding RNAs, mRNA, DNA), can be released by donor cells to subsequently modulate the function of recipient cells. Skin photoaging is the premature aging of the skin structures over time due to repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) which is evidenced by dyspigmentation, telangiectasias, roughness, rhytides, elastosis, and precancerous changes. Exosomes are associated with aging-related processes including, oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence. Anti-aging features of exosomes have been implicated in various in vitro and pre-clinical studies. Stem cell-derived exosomes can restore skin physiological function and regenerate or rejuvenate damaged skin tissue through various mechanisms such as decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), increased collagen and elastin production, and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways as well as, intercellular communication. All these evidences are promising for the therapeutic potential of exosomes in skin photoaging. This review aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms and the effects of exosomes in photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Hajialiasgary Najafabadi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Research Group Translational Epigenetics, University of Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Nogueira IPM, Costa GMJ, Lacerda SMDSN. Avian iPSC Derivation to Recover Threatened Wild Species: A Comprehensive Review in Light of Well-Established Protocols. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:220. [PMID: 38254390 PMCID: PMC10812705 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated by Yamanaka in 2006, revolutionizing research by overcoming limitations imposed by the use of embryonic stem cells. In terms of the conservation of endangered species, iPSC technology presents itself as a viable alternative for the manipulation of target genetics without compromising specimens. Although iPSCs have been successfully generated for various species, their application in nonmammalian species, particularly avian species, requires further in-depth investigation to cover the diversity of wild species at risk and their different protocol requirements. This study aims to provide an overview of the workflow for iPSC induction, comparing well-established protocols in humans and mice with the limited information available for avian species. Here, we discuss the somatic cell sources to be reprogrammed, genetic factors, delivery methods, enhancers, a brief history of achievements in avian iPSC derivation, the main approaches for iPSC characterization, and the future perspectives and challenges for the field. By examining the current protocols and state-of-the-art techniques employed in iPSC generation, we seek to contribute to the development of efficient and species-specific iPSC methodologies for at-risk avian species. The advancement of iPSC technology holds great promise for achieving in vitro germline competency and, consequently, addressing reproductive challenges in endangered species, providing valuable tools for basic research, bird genetic preservation and rescue, and the establishment of cryobanks for future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samyra Maria dos Santos Nassif Lacerda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (I.P.M.N.); (G.M.J.C.)
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21
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Kim MH, Thanuthanakhun N, Kino-oka M. Stable and efficient generation of functional iPSC-derived neural progenitor cell rosettes through regulation of collective cell-cell behavior. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1269108. [PMID: 38268936 PMCID: PMC10806250 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1269108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the potential of stem cells to differentiate into several cell types has shown promise in regenerative medicine, low differentiation efficiency and poor reproducibility significantly limit their practical application. We developed an effective and robust differentiation strategy for the efficient and robust generation of neural progenitor cell rosettes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) incorporating botulinum hemagglutinin (HA). Treatment with HA suppressed the spontaneous differentiation of iPSCs cultured under undirected differentiation conditions, resulting in the preservation of their pluripotency. Moreover, treatment with HA during neural progenitor differentiation combined with dual SMAD inhibition generated a highly homogeneous population of PAX6-and SOX1-expressing neural progenitor cells with 8.4-fold higher yields of neural progenitor cells than untreated control cultures. These neural progenitor cells formed radially organized rosettes surrounding the central lumen. This differentiation method enhanced the generation of functional iPSC-derived neural progenitor cell rosettes throughout the culture vessel, suggesting that the regulation of collective cell-cell behavior using HA plays a morphogenetically important role in rosette formation and maturation. These findings show the significance of HA in the suppression of spontaneous differentiation through spatial homogeneity. The study proposes a novel methodology for the efficient derivation of functional iPSC-derived neural progenitor cell rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Kino-oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Research Base for Cell Manufacturability, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Bharti S, Kumar A. Synergies in stem cell research: Integrating technologies, strategies, and bionanomaterial innovations. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152119. [PMID: 38041895 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960 s, there has been a substantial amount of research directed towards investigating the biology of several types of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, brain cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. In contemporary times, a wide array of stem cells has been utilized to treat several disorders, including bone marrow transplantation. In recent years, stem cell treatment has developed as a very promising and advanced field of scientific research. The progress of therapeutic methodologies has resulted in significant amounts of anticipation and expectation. Recently, there has been a notable proliferation of experimental methodologies aimed at isolating and developing stem cells, which have emerged concurrently. Stem cells possess significant vitality and exhibit vigorous proliferation, making them suitable candidates for in vitro modification. This article examines the progress made in stem cell isolation and explores several methodologies employed to promote the differentiation of stem cells. This study also explores the method of isolating bio-nanomaterials and discusses their viewpoint in the context of stem cell research. It also covers the potential for investigating stem cell applications in bioprinting and the usage of bionanomaterial in stem cell-related technologies and research. In conclusion, the review article concludes by highlighting the importance of incorporating state-of-the-art methods and technological breakthroughs into the future of stem cell research. Putting such an emphasis on constant innovation highlights the ever-changing character of science and the never-ending drive toward unlocking the maximum therapeutic potential of stem cells. This review would be a useful resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers in the stem cell research area, guiding the next steps in this fast-developing scientific concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Bharti
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, India.
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23
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Fatima N, Saif Ur Rahman M, Qasim M, Ali Ashfaq U, Ahmed U, Masoud MS. Transcriptional Factors Mediated Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:367-388. [PMID: 37073151 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230417084518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A unique kind of pluripotent cell, i.e., Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), now being targeted for iPSC synthesis, are produced by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells (with no change in genetic makeup for the sake of high efficacy iPSCs formation). The conversion of specific cells to iPSCs has revolutionized stem cell research by making pluripotent cells more controllable for regenerative therapy. For the past 15 years, somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency with force expression of specified factors has been a fascinating field of biomedical study. For that technological primary viewpoint reprogramming method, a cocktail of four transcription factors (TF) has required: Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), four-octamer binding protein 34 (OCT3/4), MYC and SOX2 (together referred to as OSKM) and host cells. IPS cells have great potential for future tissue replacement treatments because of their ability to self-renew and specialize in all adult cell types, although factor-mediated reprogramming mechanisms are still poorly understood medically. This technique has dramatically improved performance and efficiency, making it more useful in drug discovery, disease remodeling, and regenerative medicine. Moreover, in these four TF cocktails, more than 30 reprogramming combinations were proposed, but for reprogramming effectiveness, only a few numbers have been demonstrated for the somatic cells of humans and mice. Stoichiometry, a combination of reprogramming agents and chromatin remodeling compounds, impacts kinetics, quality, and efficiency in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazira Fatima
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Ahmed
- EMBL Partnership Institute for Genome Editing Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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24
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Tatwavedi D, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J. Recent advances in the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to the study of myeloid malignancies. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100993. [PMID: 37827894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquired myeloid malignancies are a spectrum of clonal disorders known to be caused by sequential acquisition of genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, leading to their aberrant self-renewal and differentiation. The increasing use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study myeloid malignancies has helped usher a paradigm shift in approaches to disease modeling and drug discovery, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. The process of reprogramming allows for the capture of the diversity of genetic lesions and mutational burden found in primary patient samples into individual stable iPSC lines. Patient-derived iPSC lines, owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, can thus be a homogenous source of disease relevant material that allow for the study of disease pathogenesis using various functional read-outs. Furthermore, genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 enable the study of the stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis through the introduction of specific driver mutations, individually or in combination, to create isogenic lines for comparison. In this review, we survey the current use of iPSCs to model acquired myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia and MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The use of iPSCs has enabled the interrogation of the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression driving these diseases. It has also made drug testing, repurposing, and the discovery of novel therapies for these diseases possible in a high throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Luo B, Liu K, Fan J. Bibliometric analysis of cerebral organoids and diseases in the last 10 years. IBRAIN 2023; 9:431-445. [PMID: 38680505 PMCID: PMC11045186 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral organoids have emerged as a powerful tool for mirroring the brain developmental processes and replicating its unique physiology. This bibliometric analysis aims to delineate the burgeoning trends in the application of cerebral organoids in disease research and offer insights for future investigations. We screened all relevant literature from the Web of Science on cerebral organoids in disease research during the period 2013-2022 and analyzed the research trends in the field using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software. According to the search strategy, 592 articles were screened out. The United States of America (USA) was the most productive, followed by China and Germany. The top nine institutions in terms of the number of publications include Canada and the United States, with the University of California, San Diego (USA), having the highest number of publications. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences was the most productive journal. Knoblich, Juergen A., and Lancaster, Madeline A. published the highest number of articles. Keyword cluster analysis showed that current research trends focused more on induced pluripotent stem cells to construct organoid models of cerebral diseases and the exploration of their mechanisms and therapeutic modalities. This study provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of global research trends in the field of cerebral organoids in diseases. In the past decade, the number of high-quality papers in this field has increased significantly, and cerebral organoids provide hope for simulating nervous system diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Yan Luo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina
| | - Ke‐Qian Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina
| | - Ji‐Sheng Fan
- ScienceComputer and Engineering of University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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26
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Li C, Liu Z, Anderson J, Liu Z, Tang L, Li Y, Peng N, Chen J, Liu X, Fu L, Townes TM, Rowe SM, Bedwell DM, Guimbellot J, Zhao R. Prime editing-mediated correction of the CFTR W1282X mutation in iPSCs and derived airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295009. [PMID: 38019847 PMCID: PMC10686454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unmet need in the cystic fibrosis (CF) therapeutic landscape is the lack of effective treatments for nonsense CFTR mutations, which affect approximately 10% of CF patients. Correction of nonsense CFTR mutations via genomic editing represents a promising therapeutic approach. In this study, we tested whether prime editing, a novel CRISPR-based genomic editing method, can be a potential therapeutic modality to correct nonsense CFTR mutations. We generated iPSCs from a CF patient homozygous for the CFTR W1282X mutation. We demonstrated that prime editing corrected one mutant allele in iPSCs, which effectively restored CFTR function in iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells and organoids. We further demonstrated that prime editing may directly repair mutations in iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells when the prime editing machinery is efficiently delivered by helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd). Together, our data demonstrated that prime editing may potentially be applied to correct CFTR mutations such as W1282X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Justin Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Liping Tang
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yao Li
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ning Peng
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Xueming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianwu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tim M. Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David M. Bedwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Guimbellot
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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27
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Martins de Oliveira ML, Tura BR, Meira Leite M, Melo Dos Santos EJ, Pôrto LC, Pereira LV, Campos de Carvalho AC. Creating an HLA-homozygous iPS cell bank for the Brazilian population: Challenges and opportunities. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1905-1912. [PMID: 37774702 PMCID: PMC10656352 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype-homozygous donors for the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines permits the construction of biobanks immunologically compatible with significant numbers of individuals for use in therapy. However, two questions must be addressed to create such a bank: how many cell lines are necessary to match most of the recipient population and how many people should be tested to find these donors? In Japan and the UK, 50 and 100 distinct HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 triple-homozygous haplotypes would cover 90% of those populations, respectively. Using data from the Brazilian National Registry of Bone Marrow Donors (REDOME), encompassing 4,017,239 individuals, we identified 1,906 distinct triple-homozygous HLA haplotypes. In Brazil, 559 triple-homozygous cell lines cover 95% of the population, and 3.8 million people would have to be screened. Finally, we show the contribution of the 30 most frequent triple-homozygous HLA haplotypes in Brazil to populations of different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Rangel Tura
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics of National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Meira Leite
- Genetics of Complex Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Cristóvão Pôrto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory - Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lygia V Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences of University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) - Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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28
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Riesenberg S, Kanis P, Macak D, Wollny D, Düsterhöft D, Kowalewski J, Helmbrecht N, Maricic T, Pääbo S. Efficient high-precision homology-directed repair-dependent genome editing by HDRobust. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1388-1399. [PMID: 37474806 PMCID: PMC10482697 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Homology-directed repair (HDR), a method for repair of DNA double-stranded breaks can be leveraged for the precise introduction of mutations supplied by synthetic DNA donors, but remains limited by low efficiency and off-target effects. In this study, we report HDRobust, a high-precision method that, via the combined transient inhibition of nonhomologous end joining and microhomology-mediated end joining, resulted in the induction of point mutations by HDR in up to 93% (median 60%, s.e.m. 3) of chromosomes in populations of cells. We found that, using this method, insertions, deletions and rearrangements at the target site, as well as unintended changes at other genomic sites, were largely abolished. We validated this approach for 58 different target sites and showed that it allows efficient correction of pathogenic mutations in cells derived from patients suffering from anemia, sickle cell disease and thrombophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Riesenberg
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kanis
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Macak
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Damian Wollny
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Düsterhöft
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Kowalewski
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nelly Helmbrecht
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tomislav Maricic
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Human Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Japan
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29
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Turnbull IC, Bajpai A, Jankowski KB, Gaitas A. Single-Cell Analysis of Contractile Forces in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Paving the Way for Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13416. [PMID: 37686223 PMCID: PMC10487756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) hold enormous potential in cardiac disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, patient-specific iPSC-CMS can be tested for personalized medicine. To provide a deeper understanding of the contractile force dynamics of iPSC-CMs, we employed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) as an advanced detection tool to distinguish the characteristics of force dynamics at a single cell level. We measured normal (vertical) and lateral (axial) force at different pacing frequencies. We found a significant correlation between normal and lateral force. We also observed a significant force-frequency relationship for both types of forces. This work represents the first demonstration of the correlation of normal and lateral force from individual iPSC-CMs. The identification of this correlation is relevant because it validates the comparison across systems and models that can only account for either normal or lateral force. These findings enhance our understanding of iPSC-CM properties, thereby paving the way for the development of therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene C. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Apratim Bajpai
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Katherine B. Jankowski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- BioMedical Engineering & Imaging Institute, Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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30
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Lo EKW, Velazquez JJ, Peng D, Kwon C, Ebrahimkhani MR, Cahan P. Platform-agnostic CellNet enables cross-study analysis of cell fate engineering protocols. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1721-1742. [PMID: 37478860 PMCID: PMC10444577 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimization of cell engineering protocols requires standard, comprehensive quality metrics. We previously developed CellNet, a computational tool to quantitatively assess the transcriptional fidelity of engineered cells compared with their natural counterparts, based on bulk-derived expression profiles. However, this platform and others were limited in their ability to compare data from different sources, and no current tool makes it easy to compare new protocols with existing state-of-the-art protocols in a standardized manner. Here, we utilized our prior application of the top-scoring pair transformation to build a computational platform, platform-agnostic CellNet (PACNet), to address both shortcomings. To demonstrate the utility of PACNet, we applied it to thousands of samples from over 100 studies that describe dozens of protocols designed to produce seven distinct cell types. We performed an in-depth examination of hepatocyte and cardiomyocyte protocols to identify the best-performing methods, characterize the extent of intra-protocol and inter-lab variation, and identify common off-target signatures, including a surprising neural/neuroendocrine signature in primary liver-derived organoids. We have made PACNet available as an easy-to-use web application, allowing users to assess their protocols relative to our database of reference engineered samples, and as open-source, extensible code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K W Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeremy J Velazquez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Da Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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31
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Kidwai FK, Canalis E, Robey PG. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology in bone biology. Bone 2023; 172:116760. [PMID: 37028583 PMCID: PMC10228209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Technologies on the development and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are rapidly improving, and have been applied to create cell types relevant to the bone field. Differentiation protocols to form bona fide bone-forming cells from iPSCs are available, and can be used to probe details of differentiation and function in depth. When applied to iPSCs bearing disease-causing mutations, the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases of the skeleton can be elucidated, along with the development of novel therapeutics. These cells can also be used for development of cell therapies for cell and tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad K Kidwai
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Center for Skeletal Research, Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-4037, United States of America
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
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32
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Edwards MM, Wang N, Massey DJ, Egli D, Koren A. Incomplete Reprogramming of DNA Replication Timing in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544654. [PMID: 37398435 PMCID: PMC10312660 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are a widely used cell system and a foundation for cell therapy. Differences in gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin conformation, which have the potential to affect differentiation capacity, have been identified between iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Less is known about whether DNA replication timing - a process linked to both genome regulation and genome stability - is efficiently reprogrammed to the embryonic state. To answer this, we profiled and compared genome-wide replication timing between ESCs, iPSCs, and cells reprogrammed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT-ESCs). While NT-ESCs replicated their DNA in a manner indistinguishable from ESCs, a subset of iPSCs exhibit delayed replication at heterochromatic regions containing genes downregulated in iPSC with incompletely reprogrammed DNA methylation. DNA replication delays were not the result of gene expression and DNA methylation aberrations and persisted after differentiating cells to neuronal precursors. Thus, DNA replication timing can be resistant to reprogramming and lead to undesirable phenotypes in iPSCs, establishing it as an important genomic feature to consider when evaluating iPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Dashiell J. Massey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Amnon Koren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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33
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Huang L, Chen L, Chen H, Wang M, Jin L, Zhou S, Gao L, Li R, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang C, Wang J. Biomimetic Scaffolds for Tendon Tissue Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:246. [PMID: 37366841 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon tissue connects muscle to bone and plays crucial roles in stress transfer. Tendon injury remains a significant clinical challenge due to its complicated biological structure and poor self-healing capacity. The treatments for tendon injury have advanced significantly with the development of technology, including the use of sophisticated biomaterials, bioactive growth factors, and numerous stem cells. Among these, biomaterials that the mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) of tendon tissue would provide a resembling microenvironment to improve efficacy in tendon repair and regeneration. In this review, we will begin with a description of the constituents and structural features of tendon tissue, followed by a focus on the available biomimetic scaffolds of natural or synthetic origin for tendon tissue engineering. Finally, we will discuss novel strategies and present challenges in tendon regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvxing Huang
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Le Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hengyi Chen
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Manju Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Letian Jin
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shenghai Zhou
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lexin Gao
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruwei Li
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Quan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hanchang Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
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34
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Zhang W, Cui Y, Du Y, Yang Y, Fang T, Lu F, Kong W, Xiao C, Shi J, Reid LM, He Z. Liver cell therapies: cellular sources and grafting strategies. Front Med 2023; 17:432-457. [PMID: 37402953 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver has a complex cellular composition and a remarkable regenerative capacity. The primary cell types in the liver are two parenchymal cell populations, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, that perform most of the functions of the liver and that are helped through interactions with non-parenchymal cell types comprising stellate cells, endothelia and various hemopoietic cell populations. The regulation of the cells in the liver is mediated by an insoluble complex of proteins and carbohydrates, the extracellular matrix, working synergistically with soluble paracrine and systemic signals. In recent years, with the rapid development of genetic sequencing technologies, research on the liver's cellular composition and its regulatory mechanisms during various conditions has been extensively explored. Meanwhile breakthroughs in strategies for cell transplantation are enabling a future in which there can be a rescue of patients with end-stage liver diseases, offering potential solutions to the chronic shortage of livers and alternatives to liver transplantation. This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms of liver homeostasis and how to select ideal sources of cells to be transplanted to achieve liver regeneration and repair. Recent advances are summarized for promoting the treatment of end-stage liver diseases by forms of cell transplantation that now include grafting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Postgraduate Training Base of Shanghai East Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fengfeng Lu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Weixia Kong
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Canjun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji'an, 343006, China
| | - Jun Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji'an, 343006, China
| | - Lola M Reid
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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35
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Wei X, Wang F, Tao J, Mao J. Facet-dependence of Fe 3O 4 for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6742-6744. [PMID: 37194346 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the facet-dependence of Fe3O4 for enhancing osteogenic differentiation is demonstrated for the first time. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe3O4 with exposed (42̄2) facets has greater potential in inducing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells compared with that with exposed (400) facets. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Jian Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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36
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Liu G, Li J, Ming Y, Xiang B, Zhou X, Chen Y, Chen N, Abudupataer M, Zhu S, Sun X, Sun Y, Lai H, Feng S, Wang C, Zhu K. A hiPSC-derived lineage-specific vascular smooth muscle cell-on-a-chip identifies aortic heterogeneity across segments. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1835-1851. [PMID: 36810777 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA), a potentially lethal condition with the characteristic of aortic dilatation, can only be treated by surgical or endovascular procedures. The underlying mechanisms of AA are unclear and early preventive treatment is still insufficient due to segmental aortic heterogeneity and the limitations of current disease models. Here, we firstly established a comprehensive lineage-specific vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)-on-a-chip model using human induced pluripotent stem cells to yield cell lineages representing different segments of the aorta and tested the constructed organ-on-a-chip model under various tensile stress conditions. Bulk RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, western blot and FACS analyses were performed to discover the segmental aortic heterogeneity of response for tensile stress and drug testing. The appropriate stretching frequency for all lineages of SMCs was 1.0 Hz, paraxial mesoderm (PM) SMCs were more sensitive to tensile stress than lateral mesoderm (LM) SMCs and neural crest (NC) SMCs. These differences may be related to the different transcriptional profiles of the tension-stressed distinct lineage-specific vascular SMCs, specifically in relation to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Also, the organ-on-a-chip displayed contractile physiology, perfect fluid coordination, and was conducive to drug testing, displaying heterogeneous segmental aortic responses. Compared with LM-SMCs and NC-SMCs, PM-SMCs were more sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The model is evaluated as a novel and suitable supplement to AA animal models for determining differential physiology and drug response in different parts of the aorta. Furthermore, this system could pave the way for disease modeling, drug testing, and the personalized treatment of patients with AA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Ming
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bitao Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yabin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mieradilijiang Abudupataer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shichao Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sisi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Silva-Pedrosa R, Salgado AJ, Ferreira PE. Revolutionizing Disease Modeling: The Emergence of Organoids in Cellular Systems. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060930. [PMID: 36980271 PMCID: PMC10047824 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular models have created opportunities to explore the characteristics of human diseases through well-established protocols, while avoiding the ethical restrictions associated with post-mortem studies and the costs associated with researching animal models. The capability of cell reprogramming, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology, solved the complications associated with human embryonic stem cells (hESC) usage. Moreover, iPSCs made significant contributions for human medicine, such as in diagnosis, therapeutic and regenerative medicine. The two-dimensional (2D) models allowed for monolayer cellular culture in vitro; however, they were surpassed by the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system. The 3D cell culture provides higher cell-cell contact and a multi-layered cell culture, which more closely respects cellular morphology and polarity. It is more tightly able to resemble conditions in vivo and a closer approach to the architecture of human tissues, such as human organoids. Organoids are 3D cellular structures that mimic the architecture and function of native tissues. They are generated in vitro from stem cells or differentiated cells, such as epithelial or neural cells, and are used to study organ development, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Organoids have become a powerful tool for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying human physiology, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of cancer, metabolic diseases, and brain disorders. Although organoid technology is up-and-coming, it also has some limitations that require improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silva-Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Eduardo Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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38
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Zhai N, Pan X, Zeng M, Xu L. Developmental trajectory of pluripotent stem cell establishment in Arabidopsis callus guided by a quiescent center-related gene network. Development 2023; 150:286991. [PMID: 36762604 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In plant tissue culture, callus formation is induced by a high auxin concentration. Among the three cell layers (the outer, middle and inner cell layers) of the callus, pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer is required for the potential ability of the callus to regenerate organs. Here, we reveal the developmental trajectory of middle cell layer initiation and maintenance in callus tissue originating from Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. The S phase of the cell cycle is essential for the expression of quiescent center-related SCARECROW (SCR), PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) genes during the division of callus founder cells to initiate the callus primordium. After callus initiation, SHOOT-ROOT (SHR) proteins move from the inner to the middle cell layer and act together with SCR to promote the expression of PLT1 and WOX5. WOX5 represses the expression of VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) genes, thereby preventing callus tissue from differentiating into xylem cells. PLT1 and PLT2 directly activate JACKDAW (JKD), which is necessary for pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer. We hypothesize that the middle cell layer could have pluripotent stem cell activity and its establishment requires the quiescent center-related SCR-SHR-WOX5-PLT1/2-JKD gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minhuan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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39
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de Assis ACC, Reis ALS, Nunes LV, Ferreira LFR, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Soriano RN. Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering-Based Therapeutic Interventions: Promising Strategies to Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:433-454. [PMID: 35107689 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the central nervous system, the peripheral one has the ability to regenerate itself after injury; however, this natural regeneration process is not always successful. In fact, even with some treatments, the prognosis is poor, and patients consequently suffer with the functional loss caused by injured nerves, generating several impacts on their quality of life. In the present review we aimed to address two strategies that may considerably potentiate peripheral nerve regeneration: stem cells and tissue engineering. In vitro studies have shown that pluripotent cells associated with neural scaffolds elaborated by tissue engineering can increase functional recovery, revascularization, remyelination, neurotrophin expression and reduce muscle atrophy. Although these results are very promising, it is important to note that there are some barriers to be circumvented: the host's immune response, the oncogenic properties attributed to stem cells and the duration of the pro-regenerative effects. After all, more studies are still needed to overcome the limitations of these treatments; those that address techniques for manipulating the lesion microenvironment combining different therapies seem to be the most promising and proactive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Correa de Assis
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-GV), 241 Manoel Byrro St., Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Amanda Luiza Silva Reis
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-GV), 241 Manoel Byrro St., Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vieira Nunes
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-JF), Eugênio do Nascimento Avenue, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave., Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave., Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL , Mexico
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-GV), 1167 Moacir Paleta Ave., Governador Valadares, MG, 35020-360, Brazil.
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40
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Tatum R, Wong D, Martins PN, Tchantchaleishvili V. Current status and future directions in the development and optimization of thoracic and abdominal artificial organs. Artif Organs 2023; 47:451-458. [PMID: 36421073 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artificial organs are engineered devices with the capacity to be implanted or integrated into a living body to replace a failing organ, or to duplicate or augment one or multiple functions of the diseased organ. AREAS COVERED We evaluate the present landscape and future possibilities of artificial organ engineering by exploring the spectrum of four distinguishable device features: mobility, compatibility, functionality, and material composition. These mechanical and functional differences provide the framework through which we examine the current status and future possibilities of the abdominal and thoracic artificial organs. EXPERT OPINION Transforming the artificial organs landscape in ways that expand the scope of existing device capabilities and improve the clinical utility of artificial organs will require making improvements upon existing technologies and multidisciplinary cooperation to create and discover new capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tatum
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniella Wong
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paulo N Martins
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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41
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Chien CY, Lin JC, Huang CY, Hsu CY, Yang KC, Chattopadhyay S, Nikoloutsos N, Hsieh PCH, Hu CMJ. In Situ Hydrogelation of Cellular Monolayers Enables Conformal Biomembrane Functionalization for Xeno-Free Feeder Substrate Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201708. [PMID: 36455286 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The intricate functionalities of cellular membranes have inspired strategies for deriving and anchoring cell-surface components onto solid substrates for biological studies, biosensor applications, and tissue engineering. However, introducing conformal and right-side-out cell membrane coverage onto planar substrates requires cumbersome protocols susceptible to significant device-to-device variability. Here, a facile approach for biomembrane functionalization of planar substrates is demonstrated by subjecting confluent cellular monolayer to intracellular hydrogel polymerization. The resulting cell-gel hybrid, herein termed GELL (gelated cell), exhibits extraordinary stability and retains the structural integrity, membrane fluidity, membrane protein mobility, and topology of living cells. In assessing the utility of GELL layers as a tissue engineering feeder substrate for stem cell maintenance, GELL feeder prepared from primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts not only preserves the stemness of murine stem cells but also exhibits advantages over live feeder cells owing to the GELL's inanimate, non-metabolizing nature. The preparation of a xeno-free feeder substrate devoid of non-human components is further shown with HeLa cells, and the resulting HeLa GELL feeder effectively sustains the growth and stemness of both murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells. The study highlights a novel bio-functionalization strategy that introduces new opportunities for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Saborni Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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42
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Fu MP, Merrill SM, Sharma M, Gibson WT, Turvey SE, Kobor MS. Rare diseases of epigenetic origin: Challenges and opportunities. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113086. [PMID: 36814905 PMCID: PMC9939656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases (RDs), more than 80% of which have a genetic origin, collectively affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Progress in next-generation sequencing technology has both greatly accelerated the pace of discovery of novel RDs and provided more accurate means for their diagnosis. RDs that are driven by altered epigenetic regulation with an underlying genetic basis are referred to as rare diseases of epigenetic origin (RDEOs). These diseases pose unique challenges in research, as they often show complex genetic and clinical heterogeneity arising from unknown gene-disease mechanisms. Furthermore, multiple other factors, including cell type and developmental time point, can confound attempts to deconvolute the pathophysiology of these disorders. These challenges are further exacerbated by factors that contribute to epigenetic variability and the difficulty of collecting sufficient participant numbers in human studies. However, new molecular and bioinformatics techniques will provide insight into how these disorders manifest over time. This review highlights recent studies addressing these challenges with innovative solutions. Further research will elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying unique RDEOs and facilitate the discovery of treatments and diagnostic biomarkers for screening, thereby improving health trajectories and clinical outcomes of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P. Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Merrill
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William T. Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Michael S. Kobor,
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43
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Pan Y, Zhou D, Liu Y, Yin Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Song Y. Emerging trends in organ-on-a-chip systems for drug screening. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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44
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Joung J, Ma S, Tay T, Geiger-Schuller KR, Kirchgatterer PC, Verdine VK, Guo B, Arias-Garcia MA, Allen WE, Singh A, Kuksenko O, Abudayyeh OO, Gootenberg JS, Fu Z, Macrae RK, Buenrostro JD, Regev A, Zhang F. A transcription factor atlas of directed differentiation. Cell 2023; 186:209-229.e26. [PMID: 36608654 PMCID: PMC10344468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene programs, thereby controlling diverse cellular processes and cell states. To comprehensively understand TFs and the programs they control, we created a barcoded library of all annotated human TF splice isoforms (>3,500) and applied it to build a TF Atlas charting expression profiles of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) overexpressing each TF at single-cell resolution. We mapped TF-induced expression profiles to reference cell types and validated candidate TFs for generation of diverse cell types, spanning all three germ layers and trophoblasts. Targeted screens with subsets of the library allowed us to create a tailored cellular disease model and integrate mRNA expression and chromatin accessibility data to identify downstream regulators. Finally, we characterized the effects of combinatorial TF overexpression by developing and validating a strategy for predicting combinations of TFs that produce target expression profiles matching reference cell types to accelerate cellular engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Joung
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tristan Tay
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn R Geiger-Schuller
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul C Kirchgatterer
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vanessa K Verdine
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Baolin Guo
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mario A Arias-Garcia
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William E Allen
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olena Kuksenko
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Omar O Abudayyeh
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan S Gootenberg
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhanyan Fu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rhiannon K Macrae
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Stemness potency and structural characteristics of thyroid cancer cell lines. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154262. [PMID: 36527836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most frequent type of endocrine malignancy. Thyroid carcinomas are derived from the follicular epithelium and classified as papillary (PTC) (85%), follicular (FTC) (12%), and anaplastic (ATC) (<3%). Thyroid cancer could arise from thyroid cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). CSCs are cancer cells that feature stem-like properties. Kruppel-like factor (KLF4) and Stage-spesific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) are types of stem cell markers. Filamentous actin (F-actin) is an essential part of the cellular cytoskeleton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stem cell potency and the spatial distribution of the cytoskeletal element F-actin in PTC, FTC, and ATC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal thyroid cell line (NTC) Nthy-ori-3-1, PTC cell line BCPAP, FTC cell line FTC-133 and ATC cell line 8505c were stained with SSEA-1 and KLF4 for stem cell potency and F-actin for cytoskeleton. The morphological properties of cells were assessed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental ratios were compared with EDS. RESULTS PTCs had greater percentages of SSEA-1 and KLF4 protein intensity (0.32% and 0.49%, respectively) than NTCs. ATCs had a greater proportion of KLF4 expression (0.8%) than NTCs. NTCs and FTCs had increased F-actin intensity across the cell, but PTCs had the lowest among these four cell lines. NTCs and PTCs, as well as NTCs and FTCs, have statistically identical aspect ratios and round values. These values, however, were statistically different in ATCs. CONCLUSION The study of stem cell markers and the cytoskeletal element F-actin in cancer and normal thyroid cell lines may assist in the identification of new therapeutic targets and contribute in the understanding of treatment resistance mechanisms.
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Borda M, Aquino JB, Mazzone GL. Cell-based experimental strategies for myelin repair in multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:86-111. [PMID: 36164729 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years. CNS glia are crucial players in the onset of MS, primarily involving astrocytes and microglia that can cause/allow massive oligodendroglial cells death, without immune cell infiltration. Current therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating inflammatory reactions during relapsing episodes, but lack the ability to induce very significant repair mechanisms. In this review article, different experimental approaches based mainly on the application of different cell types as therapeutic strategies applied for the induction of myelin repair and/or the amelioration of the disease are discussed. Regarding this issue, different cell sources were applied in various experimental models of MS, with different results, both in significant improvements in remyelination and the reduction of neuroinflammation and glial activation, or in neuroprotection. All cell types tested have advantages and disadvantages, which makes it difficult to choose a better option for therapeutic application in MS. New strategies combining cell-based treatment with other applications would result in further improvements and would be good candidates for MS cell therapy and myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Borda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge B Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | - Graciela L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
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Zhou M, Zhang M, Guo T, Zhao L, Guo X, Yin Z, Cheng L, Liu H, Zhao L, Li X, Li R. Species origin of exogenous transcription factors affects the activation of endogenous pluripotency markers and signaling pathways of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196273. [PMID: 37152293 PMCID: PMC10160484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The incomplete silencing of exogenous transcription factors (TFs) and the lack of endogenous counterpart activation hampers the application of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). We used porcine, bovine and murine TFs to reprogram porcine fetal fibroblasts. Porcine TFs-derived piPSCs (ppiPSCs) showed the highest levels of endogenous pluripotency markers activation, were able to differentiate into three germ layers and primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) and integrated into neural ectoderm of E7.5 mouse embryos in vitro. The bovine TFs derived piPSCs (bpiPSCs) expressed endogenous pluripotency markers higher than murine TFs derived piPSCs (mpiPSCs), but both had limited differentiation ability in vitro and depended on continuous expression of exogenous TFs for the maintenance. RNA sequencing confirmed ppiPSCs had distinct global transcriptional profiling, upregulated Hippo, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and relevant pluripotency signaling pathways as porcine blastocyst inner cell mass and expressed PGC early related genes. In addition, a positive and a negative correlation between exogenous and endogenous TFs' expression level were observed in ppiPSCs and bpiPSCs lines, respectively. The TFs' protein structures in pig were more similar to cattle than to mouse. In conclusion, the species affinity of the exogenous TFs is a key element, and the own species origin of TFs is optimal for iPSCs generation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyun Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linxin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongfeng Li,
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Miotti G, Parodi PC, Ferrari A, Salati C, Zeppieri M. Stem Cells in Ophthalmology: From the Bench to the Bedside. HANDBOOK OF STEM CELL APPLICATIONS 2023:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0846-2_10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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Miotti G, Parodi PC, Ferrari A, Salati C, Zeppieri M. Stem Cells in Ophthalmology: From the Bench to the Bedside. HANDBOOK OF STEM CELL APPLICATIONS 2023:1-24. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0846-2_10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
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Mao J, Saiding Q, Qian S, Liu Z, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Lu B, Mao X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sun X, Cui W. Reprogramming stem cells in regenerative medicine. SMART MEDICINE 2022; 1:e20220005. [PMID: 39188749 PMCID: PMC11235200 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that are generated from adult somatic cells are induced to express genes that make them pluripotent through reprogramming techniques. With their unlimited proliferative capacity and multifaceted differentiation potential and circumventing the ethical problems encountered in the application of embryonic stem cells (ESC), iPSCs have a broad application in the fields of cell therapy, drug screening, and disease models and may open up new possibilities for regenerative medicine to treat diseases in the future. In this review, we begin with different reprogramming cell technologies to obtain iPSCs, including biotechnological, chemical, and physical modulation techniques, and present their respective strengths, and limitations, as well as the recent progress of research. Secondly, we review recent research advances in iPSC reprogramming-based regenerative therapies. iPSCs are now widely used to study various clinical diseases of hair follicle defects, myocardial infarction, neurological disorders, liver diseases, and spinal cord injuries. This review focuses on the translational clinical research around iPSCs as well as their potential for growth in the medical field. Finally, we summarize the overall review and look at the potential future of iPSCs in the field of cell therapy as well as tissue regeneration engineering and possible problems. We believe that the advancing iPSC research will help drive long-awaited breakthroughs in cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shutong Qian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhimo Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Binfan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bolun Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiyuan Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Liucheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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