1
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Smith ZD, Hetzel S, Meissner A. DNA methylation in mammalian development and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2025; 26:7-30. [PMID: 39134824 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
The DNA methylation field has matured from a phase of discovery and genomic characterization to one seeking deeper functional understanding of how this modification contributes to development, ageing and disease. In particular, the past decade has seen many exciting mechanistic discoveries that have substantially expanded our appreciation for how this generic, evolutionarily ancient modification can be incorporated into robust epigenetic codes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the distinct DNA methylation landscapes that emerge over the mammalian lifespan and discuss how they interact with other regulatory layers to support diverse genomic functions. We then review the rising interest in alternative patterns found during senescence and the somatic transition to cancer. Alongside advancements in single-cell and long-read sequencing technologies, the collective insights made across these fields offer new opportunities to connect the biochemical and genetic features of DNA methylation to cell physiology, developmental potential and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Smith
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sara Hetzel
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Liu Y, Wei C, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Ren Y, Pi R. In situ chemical reprogramming of astrocytes into neurons: A new hope for the treatment of central neurodegenerative diseases? Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176930. [PMID: 39179093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Central neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) are tightly associated with extensive neuron loss. Current therapeutic interventions merely mitigate the symptoms of these diseases, falling short of addressing the fundamental issue of neuron loss. Cell reprogramming, involving the transition of a cell from one gene expression profile to another, has made significant strides in the conversion between diverse somatic cell types. This advancement has been facilitated by gene editing techniques or the synergistic application of small molecules, enabling the conversion of glial cells into functional neurons. Despite this progress, the potential for in situ reprogramming of astrocytes in treating neurodegenerative disorders faces challenges such as immune rejection and genotoxicity. A novel avenue emerges through chemical reprogramming of astrocytes utilizing small molecules, circumventing genotoxic effects and unlocking substantial clinical utility. Recent studies have successfully demonstrated the in situ conversion of astrocytes into neurons using small molecules. Nonetheless, these findings have sparked debates, encompassing queries regarding the origin of newborn neurons, pivotal molecular targets, and alterations in metabolic pathways. This review succinctly delineates the background of astrocytes reprogramming, meticulously surveys the principal classes of small molecule combinations employed thus far, and examines the complex signaling pathways they activate. Finally, this article delves into the potential vistas awaiting exploration in the realm of astrocytes chemical reprogramming, heralding a promising future for advancing our understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Cailv Wei
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yu Ren
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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3
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Yates J, Mathey-Andrews C, Park J, Garza A, Gagné A, Hoffman S, Bi K, Titchen B, Hennessey C, Remland J, Shannon E, Camp S, Balamurali S, Cavale SK, Li Z, Raghawan AK, Kraft A, Boland G, Aguirre AJ, Sethi NS, Boeva V, Van Allen E. Cell states and neighborhoods in distinct clinical stages of primary and metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.17.608386. [PMID: 39229240 PMCID: PMC11370330 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.17.608386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly lethal cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract with rising incidence in western populations. To decipher EAC disease progression and therapeutic response, we performed multiomic analyses of a cohort of primary and metastatic EAC tumors, incorporating single-nuclei transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility sequencing, along with spatial profiling. We identified tumor microenvironmental features previously described to associate with therapy response. We identified five malignant cell programs, including undifferentiated, intermediate, differentiated, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cycling programs, which were associated with differential epigenetic plasticity and clinical outcomes, and for which we inferred candidate transcription factor regulons. Furthermore, we revealed diverse spatial localizations of malignant cells expressing their associated transcriptional programs and predicted their significant interactions with microenvironmental cell types. We validated our findings in three external single-cell RNA-seq and three bulk RNA-seq studies. Altogether, our findings advance the understanding of EAC heterogeneity, disease progression, and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Yates
- Institute for Machine Learning, Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH AI Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camille Mathey-Andrews
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda Garza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andréanne Gagné
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha Hoffman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Breanna Titchen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joshua Remland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Shannon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina Camp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siddhi Balamurali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shweta Kiran Cavale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akhouri Kishore Raghawan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Kraft
- Institute for Machine Learning, Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nilay S Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valentina Boeva
- Institute for Machine Learning, Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH AI Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University UMR-S1016, Paris 75014, France
| | - Eliezer Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Meyer DH, Schumacher B. Aging clocks based on accumulating stochastic variation. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:871-885. [PMID: 38724736 PMCID: PMC11186771 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Aging clocks have provided one of the most important recent breakthroughs in the biology of aging, and may provide indicators for the effectiveness of interventions in the aging process and preventive treatments for age-related diseases. The reproducibility of accurate aging clocks has reinvigorated the debate on whether a programmed process underlies aging. Here we show that accumulating stochastic variation in purely simulated data is sufficient to build aging clocks, and that first-generation and second-generation aging clocks are compatible with the accumulation of stochastic variation in DNA methylation or transcriptomic data. We find that accumulating stochastic variation is sufficient to predict chronological and biological age, indicated by significant prediction differences in smoking, calorie restriction, heterochronic parabiosis and partial reprogramming. Although our simulations may not explicitly rule out a programmed aging process, our results suggest that stochastically accumulating changes in any set of data that have a ground state at age zero are sufficient for generating aging clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Meyer
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University Hospital and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University Hospital and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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5
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Ahmed IA, Liu M, Gomez D. Nuclear Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity during Vascular Remodeling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:525-538. [PMID: 37820925 PMCID: PMC10988766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Control of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) gene expression is an essential process for establishing and maintaining lineage identity, contractility, and plasticity. Most mechanisms (epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional) implicated in gene regulation occur in the nucleus. Still, intranuclear pathways are directly impacted by modifications in the extracellular environment in conditions of adaptive or maladaptive remodeling. Integration of extracellular, cellular, and genomic information into the nucleus through epigenetic and transcriptional control of genome organization plays a major role in regulating SMC functions and phenotypic transitions during vascular remodeling and diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on nuclear mechanisms, their interactions, and their integration in controlling SMC homeostasis and dysfunction. It summarizes and discusses the main nuclear mechanisms preponderant in SMCs in the context of vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on studies employing in vivo cell-specific loss-of-function and single-cell omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Ahmed
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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6
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Angeloni A, Fissette S, Kaya D, Hammond JM, Gamaarachchi H, Deveson IW, Klose RJ, Li W, Zhang X, Bogdanovic O. Extensive DNA methylome rearrangement during early lamprey embryogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1977. [PMID: 38438347 PMCID: PMC10912607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (5mC) is a repressive gene regulatory mark widespread in vertebrate genomes, yet the developmental dynamics in which 5mC patterns are established vary across species. While mammals undergo two rounds of global 5mC erasure, teleosts, for example, exhibit localized maternal-to-paternal 5mC remodeling. Here, we studied 5mC dynamics during the embryonic development of sea lamprey, a jawless vertebrate which occupies a critical phylogenetic position as the sister group of the jawed vertebrates. We employed 5mC quantification in lamprey embryos and tissues, and discovered large-scale maternal-to-paternal epigenome remodeling that affects ~30% of the embryonic genome and is predominantly associated with partially methylated domains. We further demonstrate that sequences eliminated during programmed genome rearrangement (PGR), are hypermethylated in sperm prior to the onset of PGR. Our study thus unveils important insights into the evolutionary origins of vertebrate 5mC reprogramming, and how this process might participate in diverse developmental strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Angeloni
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Skye Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Deniz Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian M Hammond
- Genomics Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Hasindu Gamaarachchi
- Genomics Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ira W Deveson
- Genomics Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain.
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7
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Espinosa-Martínez M, Alcázar-Fabra M, Landeira D. The molecular basis of cell memory in mammals: The epigenetic cycle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3188. [PMID: 38416817 PMCID: PMC10901381 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cell memory refers to the capacity of cells to maintain their gene expression program once the initiating environmental signal has ceased. This exceptional feature is key during the formation of mammalian organisms, and it is believed to be in part mediated by epigenetic factors that can endorse cells with the landmarks required to maintain transcriptional programs upon cell duplication. Here, we review current literature analyzing the molecular basis of epigenetic memory in mammals, with a focus on the mechanisms by which transcriptionally repressive chromatin modifications such as methylation of DNA and histone H3 are propagated through mitotic cell divisions. The emerging picture suggests that cellular memory is supported by an epigenetic cycle in which reversible activities carried out by epigenetic regulators in coordination with cell cycle transition create a multiphasic system that can accommodate both maintenance of cell identity and cell differentiation in proliferating stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mencía Espinosa-Martínez
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avenue de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avenue de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - David Landeira
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avenue de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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8
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Lawir DF, Soza-Ried C, Iwanami N, Siamishi I, Bylund GO, O Meara C, Sikora K, Kanzler B, Johansson E, Schorpp M, Cauchy P, Boehm T. Antagonistic interactions safeguard mitotic propagation of genetic and epigenetic information in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2024; 7:31. [PMID: 38182651 PMCID: PMC10770094 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The stability of cellular phenotypes in developing organisms depends on error-free transmission of epigenetic and genetic information during mitosis. Methylation of cytosine residues in genomic DNA is a key epigenetic mark that modulates gene expression and prevents genome instability. Here, we report on a genetic test of the relationship between DNA replication and methylation in the context of the developing vertebrate organism instead of cell lines. Our analysis is based on the identification of hypomorphic alleles of dnmt1, encoding the DNA maintenance methylase Dnmt1, and pole1, encoding the catalytic subunit of leading-strand DNA polymerase epsilon holoenzyme (Pole). Homozygous dnmt1 mutants exhibit genome-wide DNA hypomethylation, whereas the pole1 mutation is associated with increased DNA methylation levels. In dnmt1/pole1 double-mutant zebrafish larvae, DNA methylation levels are restored to near normal values, associated with partial rescue of mutant-associated transcriptional changes and phenotypes. Hence, a balancing antagonism between DNA replication and maintenance methylation buffers against replicative errors contributing to the robustness of vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine-Fondzenyuy Lawir
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Soza-Ried
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norimasa Iwanami
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iliana Siamishi
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Göran O Bylund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Connor O Meara
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Sikora
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Bioinformatic Unit, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benoît Kanzler
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erik Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Schorpp
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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9
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Kim K, Kim H, Shin I, Noh SJ, Kim JY, Suh KJ, Kim YN, Lee JY, Cho DY, Kim SH, Kim JH, Lee SH, Choi JK. Genomic hypomethylation in cell-free DNA predicts responses to checkpoint blockade in lung and breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22482. [PMID: 38110532 PMCID: PMC10728099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic hypomethylation has recently been identified as a determinant of therapeutic responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, it remains unclear whether this approach can be applied to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and whether it can address the issue of low tumor purity encountered in tissue-based methylation profiling. In this study, we developed an assay named iMethyl, designed to estimate the genomic hypomethylation status from cfDNA. This was achieved through deep targeted sequencing of young LINE-1 elements with > 400,000 reads per sample. iMethyl was applied to a total of 653 ICB samples encompassing lung cancer (cfDNA n = 167; tissue n = 137; cfDNA early during treatment n = 40), breast cancer (cfDNA n = 91; tissue n = 50; PBMC n = 50; cfDNA at progression n = 44), and ovarian cancer (tissue n = 74). iMethyl-liquid predicted ICB responses accurately regardless of the tumor purity of tissue samples. iMethyl-liquid was also able to monitor therapeutic responses early during treatment (3 or 6 weeks after initiation of ICB) and detect progressive hypomethylation accompanying tumor progression. iMethyl-tissue had better predictive power than tumor mutation burden and PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, our iMethyl-liquid method allows for reliable noninvasive prediction, early evaluation, and monitoring of clinical responses to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeonghui Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Shin
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Noh
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Na Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Cho
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Kerr L, Kafetzopoulos I, Grima R, Sproul D. Genome-wide single-molecule analysis of long-read DNA methylation reveals heterogeneous patterns at heterochromatin that reflect nucleosome organisation. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010958. [PMID: 37782664 PMCID: PMC10569558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technology is central to our current understanding of the human methylome. The vast majority of studies use chemical conversion to analyse bulk-level patterns of DNA methylation across the genome from a population of cells. While this technology has been used to probe single-molecule methylation patterns, such analyses are limited to short reads of a few hundred basepairs. DNA methylation can also be directly detected using Nanopore sequencing which can generate reads measuring megabases in length. However, thus far these analyses have largely focused on bulk-level assessment of DNA methylation. Here, we analyse DNA methylation in single Nanopore reads from human lymphoblastoid cells, to show that bulk-level metrics underestimate large-scale heterogeneity in the methylome. We use the correlation in methylation state between neighbouring sites to quantify single-molecule heterogeneity and find that heterogeneity varies significantly across the human genome, with some regions having heterogeneous methylation patterns at the single-molecule level and others possessing more homogeneous methylation patterns. By comparing the genomic distribution of the correlation to epigenomic annotations, we find that the greatest heterogeneity in single-molecule patterns is observed within heterochromatic partially methylated domains (PMDs). In contrast, reads originating from euchromatic regions and gene bodies have more ordered DNA methylation patterns. By analysing the patterns of single molecules in more detail, we show the existence of a nucleosome-scale periodicity in DNA methylation that accounts for some of the heterogeneity we uncover in long single-molecule DNA methylation patterns. We find that this periodic structure is partially masked in bulk data and correlates with DNA accessibility as measured by nanoNOMe-seq, suggesting that it could be generated by nucleosomes. Our findings demonstrate the power of single-molecule analysis of long-read data to understand the structure of the human methylome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Kerr
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kafetzopoulos
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Current address: Altos Labs Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ramon Grima
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Sproul
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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11
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Ashouri A, Zhang C, Gaiti F. Decoding Cancer Evolution: Integrating Genetic and Non-Genetic Insights. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1856. [PMID: 37895205 PMCID: PMC10606072 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer begins with cells transitioning from their multicellular nature to a state akin to unicellular organisms. This shift leads to a breakdown in the crucial regulators inherent to multicellularity, resulting in the emergence of diverse cancer cell subpopulations that have enhanced adaptability. The presence of different cell subpopulations within a tumour, known as intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH), poses challenges for cancer treatment. In this review, we delve into the dynamics of the shift from multicellularity to unicellularity during cancer onset and progression. We highlight the role of genetic and non-genetic factors, as well as tumour microenvironment, in promoting ITH and cancer evolution. Additionally, we shed light on the latest advancements in omics technologies that allow for in-depth analysis of tumours at the single-cell level and their spatial organization within the tissue. Obtaining such detailed information is crucial for deepening our understanding of the diverse evolutionary paths of cancer, allowing for the development of effective therapies targeting the key drivers of cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Ashouri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Chufan Zhang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Federico Gaiti
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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12
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Hay AD, Kessler NJ, Gebert D, Takahashi N, Tavares H, Teixeira FK, Ferguson-Smith AC. Epigenetic inheritance is unfaithful at intermediately methylated CpG sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5336. [PMID: 37660134 PMCID: PMC10475082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation at the CpG dinucleotide is considered a stable epigenetic mark due to its presumed long-term inheritance through clonal expansion. Here, we perform high-throughput bisulfite sequencing on clonally derived somatic cell lines to quantitatively measure methylation inheritance at the nucleotide level. We find that although DNA methylation is generally faithfully maintained at hypo- and hypermethylated sites, this is not the case at intermediately methylated CpGs. Low fidelity intermediate methylation is interspersed throughout the genome and within genes with no or low transcriptional activity, and is not coordinately maintained between neighbouring sites. We determine that the probabilistic changes that occur at intermediately methylated sites are likely due to DNMT1 rather than DNMT3A/3B activity. The observed lack of clonal inheritance at intermediately methylated sites challenges the current epigenetic inheritance model and has direct implications for both the functional relevance and general interpretability of DNA methylation as a stable epigenetic mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir D Hay
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Noah J Kessler
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Daniel Gebert
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Hugo Tavares
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Felipe K Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
| | - Anne C Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
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13
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Wang X, Qiao Z, Aramini B, Lin D, Li X, Fan J. Potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:661-675. [PMID: 37121931 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
For individuals with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the primary treatment is platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primarily PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, have been found to be effective in patients with NSCLC who have no EGFR/ALK mutations. Furthermore, ICIs are considered a standard therapy. The quantity of fresh immunogenic antigens discovered by cytotoxic T cells was measured by PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), which were the first biomarkers assessed in clinical trials. However, immunotherapy did not have response efficacy markers similar to targeted therapy, highlighting the significance of newly developed biomarkers. This investigation aims to review the research on immunotherapy for NSCLC, focusing primarily on the impact of biomarkers on efficacy prediction to determine whether biomarkers may be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Ouni M, Eichelmann F, Jähnert M, Krause C, Saussenthaler S, Ott C, Gottmann P, Speckmann T, Huypens P, Wolter S, Mann O, De Angelis MH, Beckers J, Kirchner H, Schulze MB, Schürmann A. Differences in DNA methylation of HAMP in blood cells predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101774. [PMID: 37429525 PMCID: PMC10422014 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Better disease management can be achieved with earlier detection through robust, sensitive, and easily accessible biomarkers. The aim of the current study was to identify novel epigenetic biomarkers determining the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Livers of 10-week-old female New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice, slightly differing in their degree of hyperglycemia and liver fat content and thereby in their diabetes susceptibility were used for expression and methylation profiling. We screened for differences in hepatic expression and DNA methylation in diabetes-prone and -resistant mice, and verified a candidate (HAMP) in human livers and blood cells. Hamp expression was manipulated in primary hepatocytes and insulin-stimulated pAKT was detected. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted in a murine liver cell line to test the impact of DNA methylation on promoter activity. RESULTS In livers of NZO mice, the overlap of methylome and transcriptome analyses revealed a potential transcriptional dysregulation of 12 hepatokines. The strongest effect with a 52% decreased expression in livers of diabetes-prone mice was detected for the Hamp gene, mediated by elevated DNA methylation of two CpG sites located in the promoter. Hamp encodes the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, which had a lower abundance in the livers of mice prone to developing diabetes. Suppression of Hamp reduces the levels of pAKT in insulin-treated hepatocytes. In liver biopsies of obese insulin-resistant women, HAMP expression was significantly downregulated along with increased DNA methylation of a homologous CpG site. In blood cells of incident T2D cases from the prospective EPIC-Potsdam cohort, higher DNA methylation of two CpG sites was related to increased risk of incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS We identified epigenetic changes in the HAMP gene which may be used as an early marker preceding T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouni
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Eichelmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christin Krause
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Section Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Huypens
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolter
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé De Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Section Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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15
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Mangiante L, Alcala N, Sexton-Oates A, Di Genova A, Gonzalez-Perez A, Khandekar A, Bergstrom EN, Kim J, Liu X, Blazquez-Encinas R, Giacobi C, Le Stang N, Boyault S, Cuenin C, Tabone-Eglinger S, Damiola F, Voegele C, Ardin M, Michallet MC, Soudade L, Delhomme TM, Poret A, Brevet M, Copin MC, Giusiano-Courcambeck S, Damotte D, Girard C, Hofman V, Hofman P, Mouroux J, Cohen C, Lacomme S, Mazieres J, de Montpreville VT, Perrin C, Planchard G, Rousseau N, Rouquette I, Sagan C, Scherpereel A, Thivolet F, Vignaud JM, Jean D, Ilg AGS, Olaso R, Meyer V, Boland-Auge A, Deleuze JF, Altmuller J, Nuernberg P, Ibáñez-Costa A, Castaño JP, Lantuejoul S, Ghantous A, Maussion C, Courtiol P, Hernandez-Vargas H, Caux C, Girard N, Lopez-Bigas N, Alexandrov LB, Galateau-Salle F, Foll M, Fernandez-Cuesta L. Multiomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies molecular axes and specialized tumor profiles driving intertumor heterogeneity. Nat Genet 2023; 55:607-618. [PMID: 36928603 PMCID: PMC10101853 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with rising incidence and challenging clinical management. Through a large series of whole-genome sequencing data, integrated with transcriptomic and epigenomic data using multiomics factor analysis, we demonstrate that the current World Health Organization classification only accounts for up to 10% of interpatient molecular differences. Instead, the MESOMICS project paves the way for a morphomolecular classification of MPM based on four dimensions: ploidy, tumor cell morphology, adaptive immune response and CpG island methylator profile. We show that these four dimensions are complementary, capture major interpatient molecular differences and are delimited by extreme phenotypes that-in the case of the interdependent tumor cell morphology and adapted immune response-reflect tumor specialization. These findings unearth the interplay between MPM functional biology and its genomic history, and provide insights into the variations observed in the clinical behavior of patients with MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Mangiante
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Alcala
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Sexton-Oates
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Alex Di Genova
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Centro de Modelamiento Matemático UMI-CNRS 2807, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azhar Khandekar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik N Bergstrom
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiran Liu
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Blazquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Colin Giacobi
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Nolwenn Le Stang
- UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, MESOPATH-MESOBANK, Department of Biopathology, Cancer Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Boyault
- Cancer Genomic Platform, Translational Research and Innovation Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- EpiGenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Severine Tabone-Eglinger
- UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, MESOPATH-MESOBANK, Department of Biopathology, Cancer Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, MESOPATH-MESOBANK, Department of Biopathology, Cancer Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Voegele
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Maude Ardin
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Michallet
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Lorraine Soudade
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Tiffany M Delhomme
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Poret
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Copin
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Institut de Pathologie, Tumorothèque du Centre de Référence Régional en Cancérologie, Lille, France
| | | | - Diane Damotte
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inflammation, Complement and Cancer Team, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpitaux Universitaire Paris Centre, Tumorothèque/CRB Cancer, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Girard
- Tumorothèque Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Veronique Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Nice Center Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Biobank BB-0033-00025 and IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Nice Center Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Biobank BB-0033-00025 and IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, Nice, France
| | - Jérôme Mouroux
- Université Côte d'Azur, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nice Center Hospital, FHU OncoAge and IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, Nice, France
| | - Charlotte Cohen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, FHU OncoAge, Nice Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Stephanie Lacomme
- Nancy Regional University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, CRB BB-0033-00035, INSERM U1256, Nancy, France
| | - Julien Mazieres
- Toulouse University Hospital, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Corinne Perrin
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques des HCL, Tissu-Tumorothèque Est, Lyon, France
| | - Gaetane Planchard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, MESOPATH Regional Center, Caen, France
| | - Nathalie Rousseau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, MESOPATH Regional Center, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Rouquette
- Centre de Pathologie des Côteaux, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB Cancer), IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Sagan
- Tumorothèque Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Scherpereel
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, INSERM, OncoThAI, NETMESO Network, Lille, France
| | - Francoise Thivolet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques des HCL, Tissu-Tumorothèque Est, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vignaud
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- BRC, BB-0033-00035, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Didier Jean
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Paris, France
| | | | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Vincent Meyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland-Auge
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, MESOPATH-MESOBANK, Department of Biopathology, Cancer Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Akram Ghantous
- EpiGenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, UCBL1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Institut Curie, Institut du Thorax Curie Montsouris, Paris, France
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Nuria Lopez-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Françoise Galateau-Salle
- UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, MESOPATH-MESOBANK, Department of Biopathology, Cancer Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Foll
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
| | - Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta
- Rare Cancers Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
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16
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Kreibich E, Kleinendorst R, Barzaghi G, Kaspar S, Krebs AR. Single-molecule footprinting identifies context-dependent regulation of enhancers by DNA methylation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:787-802.e9. [PMID: 36758546 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements that control the establishment of cell identities during development. In mammals, enhancer activation is tightly coupled with DNA demethylation. However, whether this epigenetic remodeling is necessary for enhancer activation is unknown. Here, we adapted single-molecule footprinting to measure chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding as a function of the presence of methylation on the same DNA molecules. We leveraged natural epigenetic heterogeneity at active enhancers to test the impact of DNA methylation on their chromatin accessibility in multiple cell lineages. Although reduction of DNA methylation appears dispensable for the activity of most enhancers, we identify a class of cell-type-specific enhancers where DNA methylation antagonizes the binding of transcription factors. Genetic perturbations reveal that chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding require active demethylation at these loci. Thus, in addition to safeguarding the genome from spurious activation, DNA methylation directly controls transcription factor occupancy at active enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Kreibich
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rozemarijn Kleinendorst
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Barzaghi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kaspar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arnaud R Krebs
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Maintenance of methylation profile in imprinting control regions in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:190. [PMID: 36578048 PMCID: PMC9798676 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that leads to monoallelic expression of a subset of genes depending on their parental origin. Imprinting disorders (IDs), caused by disturbances of imprinted genes, are a set of rare congenital diseases that mainly affect growth, metabolism and development. To date, there is no accurate model to study the physiopathology of IDs or test therapeutic strategies. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising cellular approach to model human diseases and complex genetic disorders. However, aberrant hypermethylation of imprinting control regions (ICRs) may appear during the reprogramming process and subsequent culture of iPSCs. Therefore, we tested various conditions of reprogramming and culture of iPSCs and performed an extensive analysis of methylation marks at the ICRs to develop a cellular model that can be used to study IDs. RESULTS We assessed the methylation levels at seven imprinted loci in iPSCs before differentiation, at various passages of cell culture, and during chondrogenic differentiation. Abnormal methylation levels were found, with hypermethylation at 11p15 H19/IGF2:IG-DMR and 14q32 MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR, independently of the reprogramming method and cells of origin. Hypermethylation at these two loci led to the loss of parental imprinting (LOI), with biallelic expression of the imprinted genes IGF2 and DLK1, respectively. The epiPS™ culture medium combined with culturing of the cells under hypoxic conditions prevented hypermethylation at H19/IGF2:IG-DMR (ICR1) and MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR, as well as at other imprinted loci, while preserving the proliferation and pluripotency qualities of these iPSCs. CONCLUSIONS An extensive and quantitative analysis of methylation levels of ICRs in iPSCs showed hypermethylation of certain ICRs in human iPSCs, especially paternally methylated ICRs, and subsequent LOI of certain imprinted genes. The epiPS™ culture medium and culturing of the cells under hypoxic conditions prevented hypermethylation of ICRs in iPSCs. We demonstrated that the reprogramming and culture in epiPS™ medium allow the generation of control iPSCs lines with a balanced methylation and ID patient iPSCs lines with unbalanced methylation. Human iPSCs are therefore a promising cellular model to study the physiopathology of IDs and test therapies in tissues of interest.
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18
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Johnstone SE, Gladyshev VN, Aryee MJ, Bernstein BE. Epigenetic clocks, aging, and cancer. Science 2022; 378:1276-1277. [PMID: 36548410 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Global methylation changes in aging cells affect cancer risk and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Johnstone
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Liu C, Zhang W, Zhou X, Liu L. IMPDH1, a prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target that correlates with tumor immune microenvironment in pan-cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983490. [PMID: 36618420 PMCID: PMC9813230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds IMPDH1, a rate-limiting enzyme in de novos synthesis of guanine nucleotides, plays an essential role in the growth and progression of certain tumors. However, there is still a lack of study on IMPDH1 evaluating its role in the tumor immune microenvironment, the potential mechanisms, and its potential as a promising tumor therapeutic target. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), TIMER2.0, KM-Plotter, University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis Portal (UALCAN), cbioportal, The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) were used to perform the systematic analysis of IMPDH1, including mRNA expression, protein expression, prognostic value, Enrichment analysis, DNA methylation, immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer, Then, we conducted qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression level of IMPDH1 in cancer tissues and non-cancer tissues of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and performed the same verification at cellular level. Results We discovered that IMPDH1 was highly expressed in a variety of tumors and was associated with poor prognosis. IMPDH1 not only had the potential as a tumor prognostic marker and therapeutic target, but also was closely related to immune cells, immune checkpoints and immune-related genes and pathways in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Meanwhile, IMPDH1 expression influenced the efficacy and prognosis of tumor patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusions IMPDH1 may be as a potential combined target of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Li Liu,
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20
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DNA methyltransferases 3A and 3B target specific sequences during mouse gastrulation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:1252-1265. [PMID: 36510023 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian embryos, DNA methylation is initialized to maximum levels in the epiblast by the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B before gastrulation diversifies it across regulatory regions. Here we show that DNMT3A and DNMT3B are differentially regulated during endoderm and mesoderm bifurcation and study the implications in vivo and in meso-endoderm embryoid bodies. Loss of both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b impairs exit from the epiblast state. More subtly, independent loss of Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b leads to small biases in mesoderm-endoderm bifurcation and transcriptional deregulation. Epigenetically, DNMT3A and DNMT3B drive distinct methylation kinetics in the epiblast, as can be predicted from their strand-specific sequence preferences. The enzymes compensate for each other in the epiblast, but can later facilitate lineage-specific methylation kinetics as their expression diverges. Single-cell analysis shows that differential activity of DNMT3A and DNMT3B combines with replication-linked methylation turnover to increase epigenetic plasticity in gastrulation. Together, these findings outline a dynamic model for the use of DNMT3A and DNMT3B sequence specificity during gastrulation.
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21
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New insights into the epitranscriptomic control of pluripotent stem cell fate. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1643-1651. [PMID: 36266446 PMCID: PMC9636187 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell in the human body has a distinguishable fate. Pluripotent stem cells are challenged with a myriad of lineage differentiation options. Defects are more likely to be fatal to stem cells than to somatic cells due to the broad impact of the former on early development. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that determine the fate of stem cells is needed. The mechanisms by which human pluripotent stem cells, although not fully equipped with complex chromatin structures or epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, accurately control gene expression and are important to the stem cell field. In this review, we examine the events driving pluripotent stem cell fate and the underlying changes in gene expression during early development. In addition, we highlight the role played by the epitranscriptome in the regulation of gene expression that is necessary for each fate-related event.
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22
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Benetatos L, Benetatou A, Vartholomatos G. Epialleles and epiallelic heterogeneity in hematological malignancies. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:139. [PMID: 35834015 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation has a well-established role in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and response to treatment in all the spectra of hematological malignancies. However, most of the data reported involve average DNA methylation observed in a sample. The emergence of bisulfite sequencing methods such as enhanced reduced representation that permit analyze adjacent CpGs led to exciting findings. Among these are the epialleles shift and the resulting epigenetic heterogeneity observed in leukemias and lymphomas. Epialleles seem to have an influential role as the cause of mutations that characterize leukemias, may stratify groups with different prognosis and response to treatment, and may be redistributed in the genome at different time points of the disease promoting activation of alternate transcriptional networks. Epiallelic shift may be responsible for the intratumor heterogeneity observed within the cells of the same tumor which increases with disease aggressiveness. It may also responsible for the interpatient heterogeneity explaining why blood cancers exhibit different behavior among different patients. Understanding better epiallelic conformation and the consequent chromatin conformational changes and the pathways that may be affected will permit deeper understanding of hematological malignancies pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Benetatos
- Blood Bank, Preveza General Hospital, Selefkias 2, 48100, Preveza, Greece.
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23
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Mohamed AR, Naval-Sanchez M, Menzies M, Evans B, King H, Reverter A, Kijas JW. Leveraging transcriptome and epigenome landscapes to infer regulatory networks during the onset of sexual maturation. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:413. [PMID: 35650521 PMCID: PMC9158274 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite sexual development being ubiquitous to vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this fundamental transition remain largely undocumented in many organisms. We designed a time course experiment that successfully sampled the period when Atlantic salmon commence their trajectory towards sexual maturation. Results Through deep RNA sequencing, we discovered key genes and pathways associated with maturation in the pituitary-ovarian axis. Analyzing DNA methylomes revealed a bias towards hypermethylation in ovary that implicated maturation-related genes. Co-analysis of DNA methylome and gene expression changes revealed chromatin remodeling genes and key transcription factors were both significantly hypermethylated and upregulated in the ovary during the onset of maturation. We also observed changes in chromatin state landscapes that were strongly correlated with fundamental remodeling of gene expression in liver. Finally, a multiomic integrated analysis revealed regulatory networks and identified hub genes including TRIM25 gene (encoding the estrogen-responsive finger protein) as a putative key regulator in the pituitary that underwent a 60-fold change in connectivity during the transition to maturation. Conclusion The study successfully documented transcriptome and epigenome changes that involved key genes and pathways acting in the pituitary – ovarian axis. Using a Systems Biology approach, we identified hub genes and their associated networks deemed crucial for onset of maturation. The results provide a comprehensive view of the spatiotemporal changes involved in a complex trait and opens the door to future efforts aiming to manipulate puberty in an economically important aquaculture species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08514-8.
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24
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Xiao D, Zhou K, Yang X, Yang Y, Ma Y, Wang Y. Crosstalk of DNA Methylation Triggered by Pathogen in Poplars With Different Resistances. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:750089. [PMID: 35027912 PMCID: PMC8748266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays crucial roles in responses to environmental stimuli. Modification of DNA methylation during development and abiotic stress responses has been confirmed in increasing numbers of plants, mainly annual plants. However, the epigenetic regulation mechanism underlying the immune response to pathogens remains largely unknown in plants, especially trees. To investigate whether DNA methylation is involved in the response to infection process or is related to the resistance differences among poplars, we performed comprehensive whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of the infected stem of the susceptible type Populus × euramerican ‘74/76’ and resistant type Populus tomentosa ‘henan’ upon Lonsdalea populi infection. The results revealed that DNA methylation changed dynamically in poplars during the infection process with a remarkable decrease seen in the DNA methylation ratio. Intriguingly, the resistant P. tomentosa ‘henan’ had a much lower basal DNA methylation ratio than the susceptible P. × euramerican ‘74/76’. Compared to mock-inoculation, both poplar types underwent post-inoculation CHH hypomethylation; however, significant decreases in mC and mCHH proportions were found in resistant poplar. In addition, most differentially CHH-hypomethylated regions were distributed in repeat and promoter regions. Based on comparison of DNA methylation modification with the expression profiles of genes, DNA methylation occurred in resistance genes, pathogenesis-related genes, and phytohormone genes in poplars during pathogen infection. Additionally, transcript levels of genes encoding methylation-related enzymes changed during pathogen infection. Interestingly, small-regulator miRNAs were subject to DNA methylation in poplars experiencing pathogen infection. This investigation highlights the critical role of DNA methylation in the poplar immune response to pathogen infection and provides new insights into epigenetic regulation in perennial plants in response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,School of Landscape Architecture, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudie Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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25
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Pastor WA, Kwon SY. Distinctive aspects of the placental epigenome and theories as to how they arise. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:569. [PMID: 36287261 PMCID: PMC9606139 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The placenta has a methylome dramatically unlike that of any somatic cell type. Among other distinctions, it features low global DNA methylation, extensive “partially methylated domains” packed in dense heterochromatin and methylation of hundreds of CpG islands important in somatic development. These features attract interest in part because a substantial fraction of human cancers feature the exact same phenomena, suggesting parallels between epigenome formation in placentation and cancer. Placenta also features an expanded set of imprinted genes, some of which come about by distinctive developmental pathways. Recent discoveries, some from far outside the placental field, shed new light on how the unusual placental epigenetic state may arise. Nonetheless, key questions remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Pastor
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
| | - Sin Young Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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26
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Enhancer-promoter interactions and transcription are largely maintained upon acute loss of CTCF, cohesin, WAPL or YY1. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1919-1932. [PMID: 36471071 PMCID: PMC9729117 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear why acute depletion of CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) and cohesin only marginally affects expression of most genes despite substantially perturbing three-dimensional (3D) genome folding at the level of domains and structural loops. To address this conundrum, we used high-resolution Micro-C and nascent transcript profiling in mouse embryonic stem cells. We find that enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions are largely insensitive to acute (3-h) depletion of CTCF, cohesin or WAPL. YY1 has been proposed as a structural regulator of E-P loops, but acute YY1 depletion also had minimal effects on E-P loops, transcription and 3D genome folding. Strikingly, live-cell, single-molecule imaging revealed that cohesin depletion reduced transcription factor (TF) binding to chromatin. Thus, although CTCF, cohesin, WAPL or YY1 is not required for the short-term maintenance of most E-P interactions and gene expression, our results suggest that cohesin may facilitate TFs to search for and bind their targets more efficiently.
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27
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Edgar RD, Perrone F, Foster AR, Payne F, Lewis S, Nayak KM, Kraiczy J, Cenier A, Torrente F, Salvestrini C, Heuschkel R, Hensel KO, Harris R, Jones DL, Zerbino DR, Zilbauer M. Culture-Associated DNA Methylation Changes Impact on Cellular Function of Human Intestinal Organoids. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:1295-1310. [PMID: 36038072 PMCID: PMC9703134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human intestinal epithelial organoids (IEOs) are a powerful tool to model major aspects of intestinal development, health, and diseases because patient-derived cultures retain many features found in vivo. A necessary aspect of the organoid model is the requirement to expand cultures in vitro through several rounds of passaging. This is of concern because the passaging of cells has been shown to affect cell morphology, ploidy, and function. METHODS Here, we analyzed 173 human IEO lines derived from the small and large bowel and examined the effect of culture duration on DNA methylation (DNAm). Furthermore, we tested the potential impact of DNAm changes on gene expression and cellular function. RESULTS Our analyses show a reproducible effect of culture duration on DNAm in a large discovery cohort as well as 2 publicly available validation cohorts generated in different laboratories. Although methylation changes were seen in only approximately 8% of tested cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) and global cellular function remained stable, a subset of methylation changes correlated with altered gene expression at baseline as well as in response to inflammatory cytokine exposure and withdrawal of Wnt agonists. Importantly, epigenetic changes were found to be enriched in genomic regions associated with colonic cancer and distant to the site of replication, indicating similarities to malignant transformation. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows distinct culture-associated epigenetic changes in mucosa-derived human IEOs, some of which appear to impact gene transcriptomic and cellular function. These findings highlight the need for future studies in this area and the importance of considering passage number as a potentially confounding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Edgar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Perrone
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - April R Foster
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Pathway Analysis, Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Payne
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Lewis
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Komal M Nayak
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Cenier
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Torrente
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Salvestrini
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Heuschkel
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kai O Hensel
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Witten/Herdecke University, Department of Paediatrics, Helios Medical Centre Wuppertal, Children's Hospital, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Centre for Pathway Analysis, Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Anatomy and Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel R Zerbino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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28
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Kawai T, Richards JS, Shimada M. Large-scale DNA demethylation occurs in proliferating ovarian granulosa cells during mouse follicular development. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1334. [PMID: 34824385 PMCID: PMC8617273 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During ovarian follicular development, granulosa cells proliferate and progressively differentiate to support oocyte maturation and ovulation. To determine the underlying links between proliferation and differentiation in granulosa cells, we determined changes in 1) the expression of genes regulating DNA methylation and 2) DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation levels and genomic DNA structure. In response to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), granulosa cell proliferation increased, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) significantly decreased and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) significantly increased in S-phase granulosa cells. Comprehensive MeDIP-seq analyses documented that eCG treatment decreased methylation of promoter regions in approximately 40% of the genes in granulosa cells. The expression of specific demethylated genes was significantly increased in association with specific histone modifications and changes in DNA structure. These epigenetic processes were suppressed by a cell cycle inhibitor. Based on these results, we propose that the timing of sequential epigenetic events is essential for progressive, stepwise changes in granulosa cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kawai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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29
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Horánszky A, Becker JL, Zana M, Ferguson-Smith AC, Dinnyés A. Epigenetic Mechanisms of ART-Related Imprinting Disorders: Lessons From iPSC and Mouse Models. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111704. [PMID: 34828310 PMCID: PMC8620286 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising frequency of ART-conceived births is accompanied by the need for an improved understanding of the implications of ART on gametes and embryos. Increasing evidence from mouse models and human epidemiological data suggests that ART procedures may play a role in the pathophysiology of certain imprinting disorders (IDs), including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Silver-Russell syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and Angelman syndrome. The underlying molecular basis of this association, however, requires further elucidation. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic and imprinting alterations of in vivo mouse models and human iPSC models of ART. Mouse models have demonstrated aberrant regulation of imprinted genes involved with ART-related IDs. In the past decade, iPSC technology has provided a platform for patient-specific cellular models of culture-associated perturbed imprinting. However, despite ongoing efforts, a deeper understanding of the susceptibility of iPSCs to epigenetic perturbation is required if they are to be reliably used for modelling ART-associated IDs. Comparing the patterns of susceptibility of imprinted genes in mouse models and IPSCs in culture improves the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ART-linked IDs with implications for our understanding of the influence of environmental factors such as culture and hormone treatments on epigenetically important regions of the genome such as imprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Horánszky
- BioTalentum Ltd., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.H.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Jessica L. Becker
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK; (J.L.B.); (A.C.F.-S.)
| | - Melinda Zana
- BioTalentum Ltd., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anne C. Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK; (J.L.B.); (A.C.F.-S.)
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.H.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Stem Cell Research Group, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, H-6723 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-510-9632; Fax: +36-28-526-151
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30
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Chaligne R, Gaiti F, Silverbush D, Schiffman JS, Weisman HR, Kluegel L, Gritsch S, Deochand SD, Gonzalez Castro LN, Richman AR, Klughammer J, Biancalani T, Muus C, Sheridan C, Alonso A, Izzo F, Park J, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Regev A, Suvà ML, Landau DA. Epigenetic encoding, heritability and plasticity of glioma transcriptional cell states. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1469-1479. [PMID: 34594037 PMCID: PMC8675181 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed extensive transcriptional cell state diversity in cancer, often observed independently of genetic heterogeneity, raising the central question of how malignant cell states are encoded epigenetically. To address this, here we performed multiomics single-cell profiling-integrating DNA methylation, transcriptome and genotype within the same cells-of diffuse gliomas, tumors characterized by defined transcriptional cell state diversity. Direct comparison of the epigenetic profiles of distinct cell states revealed key switches for state transitions recapitulating neurodevelopmental trajectories and highlighted dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms underlying gliomagenesis. We further developed a quantitative framework to directly measure cell state heritability and transition dynamics based on high-resolution lineage trees in human samples. We demonstrated heritability of malignant cell states, with key differences in hierarchal and plastic cell state architectures in IDH-mutant glioma versus IDH-wild-type glioblastoma, respectively. This work provides a framework anchoring transcriptional cancer cell states in their epigenetic encoding, inheritance and transition dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Chaligne
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Federico Gaiti
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Silverbush
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua S Schiffman
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah R Weisman
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lloyd Kluegel
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Gritsch
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sunil D Deochand
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Nicolas Gonzalez Castro
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa R Richman
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Christoph Muus
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Franco Izzo
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane Park
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Dan A Landau
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Batra RN, Lifshitz A, Vidakovic AT, Chin SF, Sati-Batra A, Sammut SJ, Provenzano E, Ali HR, Dariush A, Bruna A, Murphy L, Purushotham A, Ellis I, Green A, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Mason C, Melnick A, Aparicio SAJR, Rueda OM, Tanay A, Caldas C. DNA methylation landscapes of 1538 breast cancers reveal a replication-linked clock, epigenomic instability and cis-regulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5406. [PMID: 34518533 PMCID: PMC8437946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is aberrant in cancer, but the dynamics, regulatory role and clinical implications of such epigenetic changes are still poorly understood. Here, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) profiles of 1538 breast tumors and 244 normal breast tissues from the METABRIC cohort are reported, facilitating detailed analysis of DNA methylation within a rich context of genomic, transcriptional, and clinical data. Tumor methylation from immune and stromal signatures are deconvoluted leading to the discovery of a tumor replication-linked clock with genome-wide methylation loss in non-CpG island sites. Unexpectedly, methylation in most tumor CpG islands follows two replication-independent processes of gain (MG) or loss (ML) that we term epigenomic instability. Epigenomic instability is correlated with tumor grade and stage, TP53 mutations and poorer prognosis. After controlling for these global trans-acting trends, as well as for X-linked dosage compensation effects, cis-specific methylation and expression correlations are uncovered at hundreds of promoters and over a thousand distal elements. Some of these targeted known tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that global epigenetic instability can erode cancer methylomes and expose them to localized methylation aberrations in-cis resulting in transcriptional changes seen in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Nath Batra
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Aviezer Lifshitz
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ankita Sati-Batra
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen-John Sammut
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ali Dariush
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leigh Murphy
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Arnie Purushotham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chris Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel A J R Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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32
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Krebs AR. Studying transcription factor function in the genome at molecular resolution. Trends Genet 2021; 37:798-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Piotrowska M, Gliwiński M, Trzonkowski P, Iwaszkiewicz-Grzes D. Regulatory T Cells-Related Genes Are under DNA Methylation Influence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7144. [PMID: 34281195 PMCID: PMC8267835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert a highly suppressive function in the immune system. Disturbances in their function predispose an individual to autoimmune dysregulation, with a predominance of the pro-inflammatory environment. Besides Foxp3, which is a master regulator of these cells, other genes (e.g., Il2ra, Ctla4, Tnfrsf18, Ikzf2, and Ikzf4) are also involved in Tregs development and function. Multidimensional Tregs suppression is determined by factors that are believed to be crucial in the action of Tregs-related genes. Among them, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, tend to be widely studied over the past few years. DNA methylation acts as a repressive mark, leading to diminished gene expression. Given the role of increased CpG methylation upon Tregs imprinting and functional stability, alterations in the methylation pattern can cause an imbalance in the immune response. Due to the fact that epigenetic changes can be reversible, so-called epigenetic modifiers are broadly used in order to improve Tregs performance. In this review, we place emphasis on the role of DNA methylation of the genes that are key regulators of Tregs function. We also discuss disease settings that have an impact on the methylation status of Tregs and systematize the usefulness of epigenetic drugs as factors able to influence Tregs functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorota Iwaszkiewicz-Grzes
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.T.)
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34
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Erenpreisa J, Krigerts J, Salmina K, Gerashchenko BI, Freivalds T, Kurg R, Winter R, Krufczik M, Zayakin P, Hausmann M, Giuliani A. Heterochromatin Networks: Topology, Dynamics, and Function (a Working Hypothesis). Cells 2021; 10:1582. [PMID: 34201566 PMCID: PMC8304199 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Open systems can only exist by self-organization as pulsing structures exchanging matter and energy with the outer world. This review is an attempt to reveal the organizational principles of the heterochromatin supra-intra-chromosomal network in terms of nonlinear thermodynamics. The accessibility of the linear information of the genetic code is regulated by constitutive heterochromatin (CHR) creating the positional information in a system of coordinates. These features include scale-free splitting-fusing of CHR with the boundary constraints of the nucleolus and nuclear envelope. The analysis of both the literature and our own data suggests a radial-concentric network as the main structural organization principle of CHR regulating transcriptional pulsing. The dynamic CHR network is likely created together with nucleolus-associated chromatin domains, while the alveoli of this network, including springy splicing speckles, are the pulsing transcription hubs. CHR contributes to this regulation due to the silencing position variegation effect, stickiness, and flexible rigidity determined by the positioning of nucleosomes. The whole system acts in concert with the elastic nuclear actomyosin network which also emerges by self-organization during the transcriptional pulsing process. We hypothesize that the the transcriptional pulsing, in turn, adjusts its frequency/amplitudes specified by topologically associating domains to the replication timing code that determines epigenetic differentiation memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.K.); (K.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Jekabs Krigerts
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.K.); (K.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Kristine Salmina
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.K.); (K.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Bogdan I. Gerashchenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Talivaldis Freivalds
- Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Reet Kurg
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Ruth Winter
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Matthias Krufczik
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.K.); (K.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita Environment and Health Department, 00161 Roma, Italy
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35
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Pan H, Renaud L, Chaligne R, Bloehdorn J, Tausch E, Mertens D, Fink AM, Fischer K, Zhang C, Betel D, Gnirke A, Imielinski M, Moreaux J, Hallek M, Meissner A, Stilgenbauer S, Wu CJ, Elemento O, Landau DA. Discovery of Candidate DNA Methylation Cancer Driver Genes. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2266-2281. [PMID: 33972312 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, such as promoter hypermethylation, may drive cancer through tumor suppressor gene inactivation. However, we have limited ability to differentiate driver DNA methylation (DNAme) changes from passenger events. We developed DNAme driver inference-MethSig-accounting for the varying stochastic hypermethylation rate across the genome and between samples. We applied MethSig to bisulfite sequencing data of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma, ductal carcinoma in situ, glioblastoma, and to methylation array data across 18 tumor types in TCGA. MethSig resulted in well-calibrated quantile-quantile plots and reproducible inference of likely DNAme drivers with increased sensitivity/specificity compared with benchmarked methods. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of selected candidate CLL DNAme drivers provided a fitness advantage with and without therapeutic intervention. Notably, DNAme driver risk score was closely associated with adverse outcome in independent CLL cohorts. Collectively, MethSig represents a novel inference framework for DNAme driver discovery to chart the role of aberrant DNAme in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: MethSig provides a novel statistical framework for the analysis of DNA methylation changes in cancer, to specifically identify candidate DNA methylation driver genes of cancer progression and relapse, empowering the discovery of epigenetic mechanisms that enhance cancer cell fitness.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Pan
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Loïc Renaud
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Ronan Chaligne
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Fink
- German CLL Study Group, and Department I of Internal Medicine, and Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Fischer
- German CLL Study Group, and Department I of Internal Medicine, and Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Department of Biological Hematology, Montpellier, France.,UFR de Médecine, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Michael Hallek
- German CLL Study Group, and Department I of Internal Medicine, and Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dan A Landau
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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36
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Kisby T, de Lázaro I, Stylianou M, Cossu G, Kostarelos K. Transient reprogramming of postnatal cardiomyocytes to a dedifferentiated state. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251054. [PMID: 33951105 PMCID: PMC8099115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, lower vertebrates are capable of extraordinary myocardial regeneration thanks to the ability of their cardiomyocytes to undergo transient dedifferentiation and proliferation. Somatic cells can be temporarily reprogrammed to a proliferative, dedifferentiated state through forced expression of Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM). Here, we aimed to induce transient reprogramming of mammalian cardiomyocytes in vitro utilising an OSKM-encoding non-integrating vector. Reprogramming factor expression in postnatal rat and mouse cardiomyocytes triggered rapid but limited cell dedifferentiation. Concomitantly, a significant increase in cell viability, cell cycle related gene expression and Ki67 positive cells was observed consistent with an enhanced cell cycle activation. The transient nature of this partial reprogramming was confirmed as cardiomyocyte-specific cell morphology, gene expression and contractile activity were spontaneously recovered by day 15 after viral transduction. This study provides the first evidence that adenoviral OSKM delivery can induce partial reprogramming of postnatal cardiomyocytes. Therefore, adenoviral mediated transient reprogramming could be a novel and feasible strategy to recapitulate the regenerative mechanisms of lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kisby
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Stylianou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Yan P, Liu Z, Song M, Wu Z, Xu W, Li K, Ji Q, Wang S, Liu X, Yan K, Esteban CR, Ci W, Belmonte JCI, Xie W, Ren J, Zhang W, Sun Q, Qu J, Liu GH. Genome-wide R-loop Landscapes during Cell Differentiation and Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107870. [PMID: 32640235 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA:RNA hybrids play key roles in both physiological and disease states by regulating chromatin and genome organization. Their homeostasis during cell differentiation and cell plasticity remains elusive. Using an isogenic human stem cell platform, we systematically characterize R-loops, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility in pluripotent cells and their lineage-differentiated derivatives. We confirm that a portion of R-loops formed co-transcriptionally at pluripotency genes in pluripotent stem cells and at lineage-controlling genes in differentiated lineages. Notably, a subset of R-loops maintained after differentiation are associated with repressive chromatin marks on silent pluripotency genes and undesired lineage genes. Moreover, in reprogrammed pluripotent cells, cell-of-origin-specific R-loops are initially present but are resolved with serial passaging. Our analysis suggests a multifaceted role of R-loops in cell fate determination that may serve as an additional layer of modulation on cell fate memory and cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianzhao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaowen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Weimin Ci
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Ren
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Qianwen Sun
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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38
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Epigenomically Bistable Regions across Neuron-Specific Genes Govern Neuron Eligibility to a Coding Ensemble in the Hippocampus. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107789. [PMID: 32579919 PMCID: PMC7440841 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory inputs activate sparse neuronal ensembles in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, but how eligibility of individual neurons to recruitment is determined remains elusive. We identify thousands of largely bistable (CpG methylated or unmethylated) regions within neuronal gene bodies, established during mouse dentate gyrus development. Reducing DNA methylation and the proportion of the methylated epialleles at bistable regions compromises novel context-induced neuronal activation. Conversely, increasing methylation and the frequency of the methylated epialleles at bistable regions enhances intrinsic excitability. Single-nucleus profiling reveals enrichment of specific epialleles related to a subset of primarily exonic, bistable regions in activated neurons. Genes displaying both differential methylation and expression in activated neurons define a network of proteins regulating neuronal excitability and structural plasticity. We propose a model in which bistable regions create neuron heterogeneity and constellations of exonic methylation, which may contribute to cell-specific gene expression, excitability, and eligibility to a coding ensemble. Odell et al. show regions within neuronal genes with bistable DNA methylation states that are associated with gene expression, excitability, and activation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These data suggest that the methylation state of bistable regions dictates, via modulating gene expression, neuron eligibility to a coding ensemble.
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The role of DNA methylation in syndromic and non-syndromic congenital heart disease. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:93. [PMID: 33902696 PMCID: PMC8077695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common structural birth defect worldwide, and defects typically occur in the walls and valves of the heart or enlarged blood vessels. Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic mutations only account for a small portion of the pathogenic mechanisms of CHD, and the etiology of most cases remains unknown. The role of epigenetics in various diseases, including CHD, has attracted increased attention. The contributions of DNA methylation, one of the most important epigenetic modifications, to CHD have not been illuminated. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant DNA methylation is related to CHD. Here, we briefly introduce DNA methylation and CHD and then review the DNA methylation profiles during cardiac development and in CHD, abnormalities in maternal genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are also described. Whole genome methylation profile and important differentially methylated genes identified in recent years are summarized and clustered according to the sample type and methodologies. Finally, we discuss the novel technology for and prospects of CHD-related DNA methylation.
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40
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Tharakan R, Ubaida-Mohien C, Moore AZ, Hernandez D, Tanaka T, Ferrucci L. Blood DNA Methylation and Aging: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and Longitudinal Validation in the InCHIANTI Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:2051-2055. [PMID: 32147700 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in DNA methylation have been found to be highly correlated with aging in humans, but causes or consequences of these changes are not understood. We characterized the DNA methylomes of several hundred people in the Invecchiare in Chianti study to identify DNA sites in which percent methylation was systematically different with age. Then, we tested the hypothesis that changes of percent methylation in the same DNA sites occur longitudinally for the same DNA sites in the same subjects. We identified six differentially methylated regions in which percent methylation showed robust longitudinal changes in the same direction. We then describe functions of the genes near these differentially methylated regions and their potential relationship with aging, noting that the genes appear to regulate metabolism or cell type specificity. The nature of transcription factor binding sites in the vicinity of these differentially methylated regions suggest that these age-associated methylation changes reflect modulation of two biological mechanisms: the polycomb repressive complex 2, a protein complex that trimethylates histone H3 on lysine 27, and the transcriptional repressor CCCTC-binding factor or CTCF, both of which are regulators of chromatin architecture. These findings are consistent with the idea that changes in methylation with aging are of adaptive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Tharakan
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann Zenobia Moore
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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41
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Nakamura N, Shi X, Darabi R, Li Y. Hypoxia in Cell Reprogramming and the Epigenetic Regulations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:609984. [PMID: 33585477 PMCID: PMC7876330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.609984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming is a fundamental topic in the research of stem cells and molecular biology. It is widely investigated and its understanding is crucial for learning about different aspects of development such as cell proliferation, determination of cell fate and stem cell renewal. Other factors involved during development include hypoxia and epigenetics, which play major roles in the development of tissues and organs. This review will discuss the involvement of hypoxia and epigenetics in the regulation of cellular reprogramming and how interplay between each factor can contribute to different cellular functions as well as tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Radbod Darabi
- The Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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42
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Ming X, Zhu B, Li Y. Mitotic inheritance of DNA methylation: more than just copy and paste. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:1-13. [PMID: 33771455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Decades of investigation on DNA methylation have led to deeper insights into its metabolic mechanisms and biological functions. This understanding was fueled by the recent development of genome editing tools and our improved capacity for analyzing the global DNA methylome in mammalian cells. This review focuses on the maintenance of DNA methylation patterns during mitotic cell division. We discuss the latest discoveries of the mechanisms for the inheritance of DNA methylation as a stable epigenetic memory. We also highlight recent evidence showing the rapid turnover of DNA methylation as a dynamic gene regulatory mechanism. A body of work has shown that altered DNA methylomes are common features in aging and disease. We discuss the potential links between methylation maintenance mechanisms and disease-associated methylation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ming
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yingfeng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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43
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Spada F, Schiffers S, Kirchner A, Zhang Y, Arista G, Kosmatchev O, Korytiakova E, Rahimoff R, Ebert C, Carell T. Active turnover of genomic methylcytosine in pluripotent cells. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1411-1419. [PMID: 32778844 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic plasticity underpins cell potency, but the extent to which active turnover of DNA methylation contributes to such plasticity is not known, and the underlying pathways are poorly understood. Here we use metabolic labeling with stable isotopes and mass spectrometry to quantitatively address the global turnover of genomic 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (mdC), 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (hmdC) and 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (fdC) across mouse pluripotent cell states. High rates of mdC/hmdC oxidation and fdC turnover characterize a formative-like pluripotent state. In primed pluripotent cells, the global mdC turnover rate is about 3-6% faster than can be explained by passive dilution through DNA synthesis. While this active component is largely dependent on ten-eleven translocation (Tet)-mediated mdC oxidation, we unveil additional oxidation-independent mdC turnover, possibly through DNA repair. This process accelerates upon acquisition of primed pluripotency and returns to low levels in lineage-committed cells. Thus, in pluripotent cells, active mdC turnover involves both mdC oxidation-dependent and oxidation-independent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Spada
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schiffers
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angie Kirchner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gautier Arista
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Olesea Kosmatchev
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Korytiakova
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - René Rahimoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte Ebert
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.
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44
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Kubiura-Ichimaru M, Ito T, Lefebvre L, Tada M. Cyclic DNA remethylation following active demethylation at euchromatic regions in mouse embryonic stem cells. Chromosome Res 2020; 29:145-157. [PMID: 33205231 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-020-09645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mark that regulates normal mammalian embryonic development. DNA methylation profiles are not always static, especially during germline development. In zygotes, DNA is typically highly methylated but, during preimplantation, DNA methylation is erased globally. Then, at the start of post-implantation development in mouse embryos, DNA again becomes dramatically hypermethylated. Chromatin structure regulates the accessibility of DNA-modifying enzymes to target DNA. Beyond that, however, our understanding of the pathway by which chromatin regulation initiates changes in global DNA methylation during mouse embryonic development remains incomplete. To analyse the relationship between global regulation of DNA methylation and chromatin status, we examined 5-methylcytosine (5mC), modified by the DNA methyltransferase DNMT, and the oxidative derivative 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmC), converted from 5mC by TET-family enzymes, by means of immunofluorescence staining of mitotic chromosomes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Our comparison of immunostaining patterns for those epigenetic modifications in wild-type, DNMT-deficient, and TET-deficient ESCs allowed us to visualise cell cycle-mediated DNA methylation changes, especially in euchromatic regions. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation patterns in undifferentiated mouse ESCs are stochastically balanced by the opposing effects of two activities: demethylation by TET and subsequent remethylation by DNMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Kubiura-Ichimaru
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ito
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Louis Lefebvre
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Epigenetics Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Masako Tada
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
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45
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Modeling DNA Methylation Profiles through a Dynamic Equilibrium between Methylation and Demethylation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091271. [PMID: 32899254 PMCID: PMC7564540 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark that plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Mathematical modeling has been extensively applied to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of this process. In this study, we aimed to investigate DNA methylation by performing a high-depth analysis of particular loci, and by subsequent modeling of the experimental results. In particular, we performed an in-deep DNA methylation profiling of two genomic loci surrounding the transcription start site of the D-Aspartate Oxidase and the D-Serine Oxidase genes in different samples (n = 51). We found evidence of cell-to-cell differences in DNA methylation status. However, these cell differences were maintained between different individuals, which indeed showed very similar DNA methylation profiles. Therefore, we hypothesized that the observed pattern of DNA methylation was the result of a dynamic balance between DNA methylation and demethylation, and that this balance was identical between individuals. We hence developed a simple mathematical model to test this hypothesis. Our model reliably captured the characteristics of the experimental data, suggesting that DNA methylation and demethylation work together in determining the methylation state of a locus. Furthermore, our model suggested that the methylation status of neighboring cytosines plays an important role in this balance.
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46
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Luo R, Song J, Xiao X, Xie Z, Zhao Z, Zhang W, Miao S, Tang Y, Ran L. Identifying CpG methylation signature as a promising biomarker for recurrence and immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14649-14676. [PMID: 32723974 PMCID: PMC7425482 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are crucial to oncogenesis and regulation of gene expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers may provide molecular-level prediction of relapse risk in cancer. Identification of optimal treatment is warranted for improving clinical management of NSCLC patients. Using machine learning algorithm we identified 4 recurrence predictive CpG methylation markers (cg00253681/ART4, cg00111503/KCNK9, cg02715629/FAM83A, cg03282991/C6orf10) and constructed a risk score model that potently predicted recurrence-free survival and prognosis for patients with NSCLC (P = 0.0002). Integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and clinical data, the DNAm-based risk score was observed to significantly associate with clinical stage, cell proliferation markers, somatic alterations, tumor mutation burden (TMB) as well as DNA damage response (DDR) genes, and potentially predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. In general, our identified DNAm signature shows a significant correlation to TMB and DDR pathways, and serves as an effective biomarker for predicting NSCLC recurrence and response to immunotherapy. These findings demonstrate the utility of 4-DNAm-marker panel in the prognosis, treatment decision-making and evaluation of therapeutic responses for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengbo Xie
- Information Center Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Information Center Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Miao
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyao Tang
- Molecular and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longke Ran
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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47
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Single-cell analysis of clonal maintenance of transcriptional and epigenetic states in cancer cells. Nat Genet 2020; 52:709-718. [PMID: 32601473 PMCID: PMC7610382 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Propagation of clonal regulatory programs contributes to cancer development. It is poorly understood how epigenetic mechanisms interact with genetic drivers to shape this process. Here, we combine single-cell analysis of transcription and DNA methylation with a Luria-Delbrück experimental design to demonstrate the existence of clonally stable epigenetic memory in multiple types of cancer cells. Longitudinal transcriptional and genetic analysis of clonal colon cancer cell populations reveals a slowly drifting spectrum of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transcriptional identities that is seemingly independent of genetic variation. DNA methylation landscapes correlate with these identities but also reflect an independent clock-like methylation loss process. Methylation variation can be explained as an effect of global trans-acting factors in most cases. However, for a specific class of promoters-in particular, cancer-testis antigens-de-repression is correlated with and probably driven by loss of methylation in cis. This study indicates how genetic sub-clonal structure in cancer cells can be diversified by epigenetic memory.
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48
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Kinetics and mechanisms of mitotic inheritance of DNA methylation and their roles in aging-associated methylome deterioration. Cell Res 2020; 30:980-996. [PMID: 32581343 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic inheritance of the DNA methylome is a challenging task for the maintenance of cell identity. Whether DNA methylation pattern in different genomic contexts can all be faithfully maintained is an open question. A replication-coupled DNA methylation maintenance model was proposed decades ago, but some observations suggest that a replication-uncoupled maintenance mechanism exists. However, the capacity and the underlying molecular events of replication-uncoupled maintenance are unclear. By measuring maintenance kinetics at the single-molecule level and assessing mutant cells with perturbation of various mechanisms, we found that the kinetics of replication-coupled maintenance are governed by the UHRF1-Ligase 1 and PCNA-DNMT1 interactions, whereas nucleosome occupancy and the interaction between UHRF1 and methylated H3K9 specifically regulate replication-uncoupled maintenance. Surprisingly, replication-uncoupled maintenance is sufficiently robust to largely restore the methylome when replication-coupled maintenance is severely impaired. However, solo-WCGW sites and other CpG sites displaying aging- and cancer-associated hypomethylation exhibit low maintenance efficiency, suggesting that although quite robust, mitotic inheritance of methylation is imperfect and that this imperfection may contribute to selective hypomethylation during aging and tumorigenesis.
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49
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Abstract
Cell fate specification, gene expression and spatial restriction are process finely tuned by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. At the same time, mechanical forces have been shown to be crucial to drive cell plasticity and boost differentiation. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that transitions along different specification states are strongly influenced by 3D rearrangement and mechanical properties of the surrounding microenvironment, that can modulate both cell potency and differentiation, through the activation of specific mechanosensing-related pathways. An overview of small molecule ability to modulate cell plasticity and define cell fate is here presented and results, showing the possibility to erase the epigenetic signature of adult dermal fibroblasts and convert them into insulin-producing cells (EpiCC) are described. The beneficial effects exerted on such processes, when cells are homed on an adequate substrate, that shows “in vivo” tissue-like stiffness are also discussed and the contribution of the Hippo signalling mechano-transduction pathway as one of the mechanisms involved is examined. In addition, results obtained using a genetically modified fibroblast cell line, expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the porcine insulin gene (INS) promoter (INS-eGFP transgenic pigs), are reported. This model offers the advantage to monitor the progression of cell conversion in real time mode. All these observations have a main role in order to allow a swift scale-up culture procedure, essential for cell therapy and tissue engineering applied to human regenerative medicine, and fundamental to ensure an efficient translation process from the results obtained at the laboratory bench to the patient bedside. Moreover, the creation of reliable in vitro model represents a key point to ensure the development of more physiological models that, in turn, may reduce the number of animals used, implementing non-invasive investigations and animal welfare and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Elena F M Manzoni
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Sharon Arcuri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
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50
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Zhang W, Klinkebiel D, Barger CJ, Pandey S, Guda C, Miller A, Akers SN, Odunsi K, Karpf AR. Global DNA Hypomethylation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Passive Demethylation and Association with Genomic Instability. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030764. [PMID: 32213861 PMCID: PMC7140107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of human cancer is global DNA hypomethylation (GDHO), but the mechanisms accounting for this defect and its pathological consequences have not been investigated in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In EOC, GDHO was associated with advanced disease and reduced overall and disease-free survival. GDHO (+) EOC tumors displayed a proliferative gene expression signature, including FOXM1 and CCNE1 overexpression. Furthermore, DNA hypomethylation in these tumors was enriched within genomic blocks (hypomethylated blocks) that overlapped late-replicating regions, lamina-associated domains, PRC2 binding sites, and the H3K27me3 histone mark. Increased proliferation coupled with hypomethylated blocks at late-replicating regions suggests a passive hypomethylation mechanism. This hypothesis was further supported by our observation that cytosine DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and UHRF1 showed significantly reduced expression in GDHO (+) EOC after normalization to canonical proliferation markers, including MKI67. Finally, GDHO (+) EOC tumors had elevated chromosomal instability (CIN), and copy number alterations (CNA) were enriched at the DNA hypomethylated blocks. Together, these findings implicate a passive DNA demethylation mechanism in ovarian cancer that is associated with genomic instability and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Zhang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (W.Z.); (C.J.B.)
| | - David Klinkebiel
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (D.K.); (C.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Carter J. Barger
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (W.Z.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Sanjit Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (D.K.); (C.G.)
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Stacey N. Akers
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (S.N.A.); (K.O.)
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (S.N.A.); (K.O.)
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (W.Z.); (C.J.B.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (D.K.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-6115; Fax: +1-402-599-4651
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