1
|
Clark S, Johnson T, Runkel K, Wallace J. Update on Therapies in Older Adults. Med Clin North Am 2024; 108:895-910. [PMID: 39084840 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Memory loss and dementia are among older adults' greatest health fears. This article provides insight into new developments to help delay the onset of dementia, to treat dementia in its earliest stages, and to manage behavioral problems that occur in persons with dementia. Urinary incontinence (UI) is another common problem in older adults that has a major impact on quality of life. This article evaluates newer medications for reducing urinary urge/UI and provides perspective in their role for managing UI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Clark
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Box B179, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Box B179, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. https://twitter.com/TMJohnsonMD
| | - Katherine Runkel
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Box B179, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wallace
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Box B179, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen H, Liu K, Kong F, Ren M, Wang X, Wang S. Strategies for measuring concentrations and forms of amyloid-β peptides. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116405. [PMID: 38776801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is affecting more and more people worldwide without the effective treatment, while the existed pathological mechanism has been confirmed barely useful in the treatment. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a main component of senile plaque, is regarded as the most promising target in AD treatment. Aβ clearance from AD brain seems to be a reliably therapeutic strategy, as the two exited drugs, GV-971 and aducanumab, are both developed based on it. However, doubt still exists. To exhaustive expound on the pathological mechanism of Aβ, rigorous analyses on the concentrations and aggregation forms are essential. Thus, it is attracting broad attention these years. However, most of the sensors have not been used in pathological studies, as the lack of the bridge between analytical chemist and pathologists. In this review, we made a brief introduce on Aβ-related pathological mechanism included in β-amyloid hypothesis to elucidate the detection conditions of sensor methods. Furthermore, a summary of the sensor methods was made, which were based on Aβ concentrations and form detections that have been developed in the past 10 years. As the greatest number of the sensors were built on fluorescent spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and Roman spectroscopy, detailed elucidation on them was made. Notably, the aggregation process is another important factor in revealing the progress of AD and developing the treatment methods, so the sensors on monitoring Aβ aggregation processes were also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong, 264333, PR China.
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie Y, Li X, Shi Q, Le L, Wang C, Xu H, Wu G, Du X, Chen Z. The synergistic effect of curcumin and mitoquinol mesylate on cognitive impairment and the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148959. [PMID: 38670478 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Given the complexity and heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, targeted monotherapy drugs may not be effective. Therefore, synergistic combination therapy of curcumin and Mito Q was proposed and evaluated in a triple-transgenic AD model mice (3 × Tg-AD mice). The cognitive ability was assessed using behavioral tests and typical pathological changes were observed through Western blotting and histological analysis. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in cognitive ability along with the mitigation of typical AD pathological features such as Aβ aggregation, tau phosphorylation, and synaptic damage. Notably, the combination therapy demonstrated superior efficacy over individual drugs alone. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the development of AD drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Xie
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuexia Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Tianjin Institute for Food Safety Inspection Technology, Tianjin 300308, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shanxi, China
| | - Linfeng Le
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guoli Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasmita AO, Depp C, Nazarenko T, Sun T, Siems SB, Ong EC, Nkeh YB, Böhler C, Yu X, Bues B, Evangelista L, Mao S, Morgado B, Wu Z, Ruhwedel T, Subramanian S, Börensen F, Overhoff K, Spieth L, Berghoff SA, Sadleir KR, Vassar R, Eggert S, Goebbels S, Saito T, Saido T, Saher G, Möbius W, Castelo-Branco G, Klafki HW, Wirths O, Wiltfang J, Jäkel S, Yan R, Nave KA. Oligodendrocytes produce amyloid-β and contribute to plaque formation alongside neurons in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01730-3. [PMID: 39103558 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to be neuronally derived in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, transcripts of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloidogenic enzymes are equally abundant in oligodendrocytes (OLs). By cell-type-specific deletion of Bace1 in a humanized knock-in AD model, APPNLGF, we demonstrate that OLs and neurons contribute to Aβ plaque burden. For rapid plaque seeding, excitatory projection neurons must provide a threshold level of Aβ. Ultimately, our findings are relevant for AD prevention and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Taisiia Nazarenko
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erinne Cherisse Ong
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yakum B Nkeh
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Böhler
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Bues
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lisa Evangelista
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum Der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Shuying Mao
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Morgado
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zoe Wu
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Swati Subramanian
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Börensen
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Overhoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine Rose Sadleir
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Vassar
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Simone Eggert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Jäkel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum Der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shastri D, Raj V, Lee S. Revolutionizing Alzheimer's treatment: Harnessing human serum albumin for targeted drug delivery and therapy advancements. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102379. [PMID: 38901740 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, leading to impaired cognitive function. Several delivery approaches have been improved for AD management. Among them, human serum albumin (HSA) is broadly employed for drug delivery and targeting the Aβ in AD owing to its biocompatibility, Aβ inhibitory effect, and nanoform, which showed blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability via glycoprotein 60 (gp60) receptor and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein to transfer the drug molecules in the brain. Thus far, there is no previous review focusing on HSA and its drug delivery system in AD. Hence, the reviewed article aimed to critically compile the HSA therapeutic as well as drug delivery role in AD management. It also delivers information on how HSA-incorporated nanoparticles with surfaced embedded ligands such as TAT, GM1, and so on, not only improve BBB permeability but also increase neuron cell targetability in AD brain. Additionally, Aβ and tau pathology, including various metabolic markers likely BACE1 and BACE2, etc., are discussed. Besides, the molecular interaction of HSA with Aβ and its distinctive forms are critically reviewed that HSA can segregate Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from Aβ owing to high affinity. Furthermore, the BBB drug delivery challenges in AD are addressed. Finally, the clinical formulation of HSA for the management of AD is critically discussed on how the HSA inhibits Aβ oligomer and fibril, while glycated HSA participates in amyloid plaque formation, i.e., β-structure sheet formation. This review report provides theoretical background on HSA-based AD drug delivery and makes suggestions for future prospect-related work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shastri
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Høilund-Carlsen PF, Alavi A, Barrio JR, Castellani RJ, Costa T, Herrup K, Kepp KP, Neve RL, Perry G, Revheim ME, Robakis NK, Sensi SL, Vissel B. Donanemab, another anti-Alzheimer's drug with risk and uncertain benefit. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102348. [PMID: 38830549 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Based on "reducing amyloid plaques in the brain", the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted accelerated and full approval for two monoclonal anti-Alzheimer's antibodies, aducanumab and lecanemab, respectively. Approval of a third antibody, donanemab, is pending. Moreover, lecanemab and donanemab are claimed to cause delay in the cognitive decline that characterizes the disease. We believe that these findings are subject to misinterpretation and statistical bias. Donanemab is claimed to cause removal of up to 86 % of cerebral amyloid and 36 % delay in cognitive decline compared to placebo. In reality, these are very small changes on an absolute scale and arguably less than what can be achieved with cholinesterase inhibitor/memantine therapy. Moreover, the "removal" of amyloid, based on the reduced accumulation of amyloid-PET tracer, most likely also reflects therapy-related tissue damage. This would also correlate with the minimal clinical effect, the increased frequency of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, and the accelerated loss of brain volume in treated compared to placebo patients observed with these antibodies. We recommend halting approvals of anti-AD antibodies until these issues are fully understood to ensure that antibody treatment does not cause more harm than benefit to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge R Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rudolph J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- Section of Biophysical and Biomedicinal Chemistry, DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Gene Delivery Technology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- The Intervention Centre, Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolaos K Robakis
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; CAST-Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; ITAB-Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technology, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bryce Vissel
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh G, Kumar S, Panda SR, Kumar P, Rai S, Verma H, Singh YP, Kumar S, Srikrishna S, Naidu VGM, Modi G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Ferulic Acid-Piperazine Derivatives Targeting Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39076038 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and is characterized by low levels of acetyl and butyrylcholine, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, accumulation of metals, and aggregations of Aβ and tau proteins. Current treatments for AD provide only symptomatic relief without impacting the pathological hallmarks of the disease. In our ongoing efforts to develop naturally inspired novel multitarget molecules for AD, through extensive medicinal chemistry efforts, we have developed 13a, harboring the key functional groups to provide not only symptomatic relief but also targeting oxidative stress, able to chelate iron, inhibiting NLRP3, and Aβ1-42 aggregation in various AD models. 13a exhibited promising anticholinesterase activity against AChE (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.19 μM) and BChE (IC50 = 5.02 ± 0.14 μM) with excellent antioxidant properties in DPPH assay (IC50 = 5.88 ± 0.21 μM) over ferulic acid (56.49 ± 0.62 μM). The molecular docking and dynamic simulations further corroborated the enzyme inhibition studies and confirmed the stability of these complexes. Importantly, in the PAMPA-BBB assay, 13a turned out to be a promising molecule that can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. Notably, 13a also exhibited iron-chelating properties. Furthermore, 13a effectively inhibited self- and metal-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. It is worth mentioning that 13a demonstrated no symptom of cytotoxicity up to 30 μM concentration in PC-12 cells. Additionally, 13a inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitigated mitochondrial-induced reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential damage triggered by LPS and ATP in HMC-3 cells. 13a could effectively reduce mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Drosophila model of AD. Finally, 13a was found to be efficacious in reversing memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced AD mouse model in the in vivo studies. In ex vivo assessments, 13a notably modulates the levels of superoxide, catalase, and malondialdehyde along with AChE and BChE. These findings revealed that 13a holds promise as a potential candidate for further development in AD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sanskriti Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 201005, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 201005, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gnörich J, Koehler M, Wind-Mark K, Klaus C, Zatcepin A, Palumbo G, Lalia M, Monasor LS, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Scheifele M, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Barthel H, Sabri O, Bartenstein P, Herms J, Tahirovic S, Franzmeier N, Ziegler S, Brendel M. Towards multicenter β-amyloid PET imaging in mouse models: A triple scanner head-to-head comparison. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120748. [PMID: 39069223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM β-amyloid (Aβ) small animal PET facilitates quantification of fibrillar amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. Thus, the methodology is receiving growing interest as a monitoring tool in preclinical drug trials. In this regard, harmonization of data from different scanners at multiple sites would allow the establishment large collaborative cohorts and may facilitate efficacy comparison of different treatments. Therefore, we objected to determine the level of agreement of Aβ-PET quantification by a head-to-head comparison of three different state-of-the-art small animal PET scanners, which could help pave the way for future multicenter studies. METHODS Within a timeframe of 5 ± 2 weeks, transgenic APPPS1 (n=9) and wild-type (WT) (n=8) mice (age range: 13-16 months) were examined three times by Aβ-PET ([18F]florbetaben) using a Siemens Inveon DPET, a Mediso nanoScan PET/MR, and a Mediso nanoScan PET/CT with harmonized reconstruction protocols. Cortex-to-white-matter 30-60min p.i. standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRCTX/WM) were calculated to compare binding differences, effect sizes (Cohen's d) and z-score values of APPPS1 relative to WT mice. Correlation coefficients (Pearson's r) were calculated for the agreement of individual SUVR between different scanners. Voxel-wise analysis was used to determine the agreement of spatial pathology patterns. For validation of PET imaging against the histological gold standard, individual SUVR values were subject to a correlation analysis with area occupancy of methoxy-X04 staining. RESULTS All three small animal PET scanners yielded comparable group differences between APPPS1 and WT mice (∆PET=20.4% ± 2.9%, ∆PET/MR=18.4% ± 4.5%, ∆PET/CT=18.1% ± 3.3%). Voxel-wise analysis confirmed a high degree of congruency of the spatial pattern (Dice coefficient (DC)PETvs.PET/MR=83.0%, DCPETvs.PET/CT=69.3%, DCPET/MRvs.PET/CT=81.9%). Differences in the group level variance of the three scanners resulted in divergent z-scores (zPET=11.5 ± 1.6; zPET/MR=5.3 ± 1.3; zPET/CT=3.4 ± 0.6) and effect sizes (dPET=8.5, dPET/MR=4.5, dPET/CT=4.1). However, correlations at the individual mouse level were still strong between scanners (rPETvs.PET/MR=0.96, rPETvs.PET/CT=0.91, rPET/MRvs.PET/CT=0.87; all p≤0.0001). Methoxy-X04 staining exhibited a significant correlation across all three PET machines combined (r=0.76, p<0.0001) but also at individual level (PET: r=0.81, p=0.026; PET/MR: r=0.89, p=0.0074; PET/CT: r=0.93, p=0.0028). CONCLUSIONS Our comparison of standardized small animal Aβ-PET acquired by three different scanners substantiates the possibility of moving towards a multicentric approach in preclinical AD research. The alignment of image acquisition and analysis methods achieved good overall comparability between data sets. Nevertheless, differences in variance of sensitivity and specificity of different scanners may limit data interpretation at the individual mouse level and deserves methodological optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gnörich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mara Koehler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind-Mark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Klaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Zatcepin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanna Palumbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manvir Lalia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Sebastian Monasor
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheifele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, Munich Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guan Y, Mei J, Gao X, Wang C, Jia M, Ahmad S, Muhammad FN, Ai H. Prediction of the 3D conformation of a small peptide vaccine targeting Aβ42 oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:20087-20102. [PMID: 39007924 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The original etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins, which starts from the aggregation of the Aβ oligomers. The optimal therapeutic strategy targeting Aβ oligomer aggregation is the development of AD vaccines. Despite the fact that positive progress has been made for experimental attempts at AD vaccines, the physicochemical and even structural properties of these AD vaccines remain unclear. In this study, through immunoinformatic and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we first designed and simulated an alternative of vaccine TAPAS and found that the structure of the alternative can reproduce the 3D conformation of TAPAS determined experimentally. Meanwhile, immunoinformatic methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties of TAPAS, including immunogenicity, antigenicity, thermal stability, and solubility, which confirm well the efficacy and safety of the vaccine, and validate the scheme reliability of immunoinformatic and MD simulations in designing and simulating the TAPAS vaccine. Using the same scheme, we predicted the 3D conformation of the optimized ACI-24 peptide vaccine, an Aβ peptide with the first 15 residues of Aβ42 (Aβ1-15). The vaccine was verified once to be effective against both full-length Aβ1-42 and truncated Aβ4-42 aggregates, but an experimental 3D structure was absent. We have also explored the immune mechanism of the vaccine at the molecular level and found that the optimized ACI-24 and its analogues can block the growth of either full-length Aβ1-42 or truncated Aβ4-42 pentamer by contacting the hydrophobic residues within the N-terminus and β1 region on the contact surface of either pentamer. Additionally, residues (D1, D7, S8, H13, and Q15) were identified as the key residues of the vaccine to contact either of the two Aβ oligomers. This work provides a feasible implementation scheme of immunoinformatic and MD simulations for the development of AD small peptide vaccines, validating the power of the scheme as a parallel tool to the experimental approaches and injecting molecular-level information into the understanding and design of anti-AD vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvning Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Jinfei Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Xvzhi Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanbo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Mengke Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Fahad Nouman Muhammad
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Hongqi Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leinenga G, Padmanabhan P, Götz J. Improving Cognition Without Clearing Amyloid: Effects of Tau and Ultrasound Neuromodulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240616. [PMID: 39058447 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive impairment of neuronal functions culminating in neuronal loss and dementia. A universal feature of dementia is protein aggregation, a process by which a monomer forms intermediate oligomeric assembly states and filaments that develop into end-stage hallmark lesions. In Alzheimer's disease, this is exemplified by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques which have been placed upstream of tau, found in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and dystrophic neurites. This implies causality that can be modeled as a linear activation cascade. When Aβ load is reduced, for example, in response to an anti-Aβ immunotherapy, cognitive functions improve in plaque-forming mice. They also deteriorate less in clinical trial cohorts although real-world clinical benefits remain to be demonstrated. Given the existence of aged humans with unimpaired cognition despite a high plaque load, the central role of Aβ has been challenged. A counter argument has been that clinical symptoms would eventually develop if these aged individuals were to live long enough. Alternatively, intrinsic mechanisms that protect the brain in the presence of pathology may exist. In fact, Aβ toxicity can be abolished by either reducing or manipulating tau (through which Aβ signals), at least in preclinical models. In addition to manipulating steps in this linear pathocascade model, mechanisms of restoring brain reserve can also counteract Aβ toxicity. Low-intensity ultrasound is a neuromodulatory modality that can improve cognitive functions in Aβ-depositing mice without the need for removing Aβ. Together, this highlights a dissociation of Aβ and cognition, with important implications for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Leinenga
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Pranesh Padmanabhan
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhatt A, Bhardwaj H, Srivastava P. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease: A novel therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroscience 2024; 555:52-68. [PMID: 39032806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most progressive and prevalent types of neurodegenerative diseases in the aging population (aged >65 years) and is considered a major factor for dementia, affecting 55 million people worldwide. In the current scenario, drug-based therapies have been employed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease but are only able to provide symptomatic relief to patients rather than a permanent solution from Alzheimer's. Recent advancements in stem cell research unlock new horizons for developing effective and highly potential therapeutic approaches due to their self-renewal, self-replicating, regenerative, and high differentiation capabilities. Stem cells come in multiple lineages such as embryonic, neural, and induced pluripotent, among others. Among different kinds of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells are the most investigated for Alzheimer's treatment due to their multipotent nature, low immunogenicity, ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and low risk of tumorigenesis, immune & inflammatory modulation, etc. They have been seen to substantially promote neurogenesis, synaptogenesis by secreting neurotrophic growth factors, as well as in ameliorating the Aβ and tau-mediated toxicity. This review covers the pathophysiology of AD, new medications, and therapies. Further, it will focus on the advancements and benefits of Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapies, their administration methods, clinical trials concerning AD progression, along with their future prospective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harshita Bhardwaj
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ali J, Choe K, Park JS, Park HY, Kang H, Park TJ, Kim MO. The Interplay of Protein Aggregation, Genetics, and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Role for Natural Antioxidants and Immunotherapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:862. [PMID: 39061930 PMCID: PMC11274292 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that comprises amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) as a main component of neuritic plaques. Its deposition is considered a trigger for AD pathogenesis, progression, and the clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment. Some distinct pathological features of AD include phosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathological consequences tend to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the dysregulation of various signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The relationship between the Aβ cascade and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis is like a "chicken and egg" story, with the etiology of the disease regarding these two factors remaining a question of "which comes first." However, in this review, we have tried our best to clarify the interconnection between these two mechanisms and to show the precise cause-and-effect relationship. Based on the above hallmarks of AD, several therapeutic strategies using natural antioxidants, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are employed as anti-Aβ therapy to decrease ROS, Aβ burden, chronic neuroinflammation, and synaptic failure. These natural antioxidants and immunotherapeutics have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects and symptomatic relief in various in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in clinical trials for AD. However, none of them have received final approval to enter the drug market for mitigating AD. In this review, we extensively elaborate on the pitfalls, assurances, and important crosstalk between oxidative stress and Aβ concerning current anti-Aβ therapy. Additionally, we discuss future strategies for the development of more Aβ-targeted approaches and the optimization of AD treatment and mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heeyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Zhang X, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Dong R, Yan XX, Wu J, Sui Y, Zhang J, Cui M. Screening of [ 18F]Florbetazine for Aβ Plaques and a Head-to-Head Comparison Study with [ 11C]Pittsburgh Compound-B ([ 11C]PiB) in Human Subjects. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2054-2062. [PMID: 39022359 PMCID: PMC11249633 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) has emerged as a crucial strategy for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic advancements targeting Aβ. In our previous first-in-human study, we identified that [18F]Florbetazine ([18F]92), featuring a diaryl-azine scaffold, exhibits higher cortical uptake in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Building upon these promising findings, this study aimed to characterize the diagnostic potential of [18F]92 and its dimethylamino-modified tracer [18F]91 and further compare them with the benchmark [11C]PiB in the same cohort of AD patients and age-matched HC subjects. The cortical accumulation of these tracers was evident, with no significant radioactivity retention observed in the cortex of HC subjects, consistent with [11C]PiB images (correlation coefficient of 0.9125 and 0.7883 between [18F]Florbetazine/[18F]91 and [11C]PiB, respectively). Additionally, quantified data revealed higher standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) (with the cerebellum as the reference region) of [18F]Florbetazine/[18F]91 in AD patients compared to the HC group ([18F]Florbetazine: 1.49 vs 1.16; [18F]91: 1.33 vs 1.20). Notably, [18F]Florbetazine exhibited less nonspecific bindings in myelin-rich regions, compared to the dimethylamino-substituted [18F]91, akin to [11C]PiB. Overall, this study suggests that [18F]Florbetazine displays superior characteristics to [18F]91 in identifying Aβ pathology in AD. Furthermore, the close agreement between the uptakes in nontarget regions for [18F]Florbetazine and [11C]PiB in this head-to-head comparison study underscores its suitability for both clinical and research applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Department
of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Center
for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | | | - Ruilin Dong
- HighTech
Atom Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China
| | - Xiao-xin Yan
- Department
of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center
for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanying Sui
- HighTech
Atom Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haynes JR, Whitmore CA, Behof WJ, Landman CA, Ong HH, Feld AP, Suero IC, Greer CB, Gore JC, Wijesinghe P, Matsubara JA, Wadzinski BE, Spiller BW, Pham W. Targeting soluble amyloid-beta oligomers with a novel nanobody. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16086. [PMID: 38992064 PMCID: PMC11239946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The classical amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that the aggregation of amyloid plaques and the accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau tangles, together, lead to profound neuronal death. However, emerging research has demonstrated that soluble amyloid-β oligomers (SAβOs) accumulate early, prior to amyloid plaque formation. SAβOs induce memory impairment and disrupt cognitive function independent of amyloid-β plaques, and even in the absence of plaque formation. This work describes the development and characterization of a novel anti-SAβO (E3) nanobody generated from an alpaca immunized with SAβO. In-vitro assays and in-vivo studies using 5XFAD mice indicate that the fluorescein (FAM)-labeled E3 nanobody recognizes both SAβOs and amyloid-β plaques. The E3 nanobody traverses across the blood-brain barrier and binds to amyloid species in the brain of 5XFAD mice. Imaging of mouse brains reveals that SAβO and amyloid-β plaques are not only different in size, shape, and morphology, but also have a distinct spatial distribution in the brain. SAβOs are associated with neurons, while amyloid plaques reside in the extracellular matrix. The results of this study demonstrate that the SAβO nanobody can serve as a diagnostic agent with potential theragnostic applications in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Haynes
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Clayton A Whitmore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - William J Behof
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Charlotte A Landman
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Henry H Ong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrew P Feld
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Isabelle C Suero
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Celeste B Greer
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Printha Wijesinghe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z3N9, Canada
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z3N9, Canada
| | - Brian E Wadzinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pavlou A, Mulenge F, Gern OL, Busker LM, Greimel E, Waltl I, Kalinke U. Orchestration of antiviral responses within the infected central nervous system. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01181-7. [PMID: 38997413 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many newly emerging and re-emerging viruses have neuroinvasive potential, underscoring viral encephalitis as a global research priority. Upon entry of the virus into the CNS, severe neurological life-threatening conditions may manifest that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The currently available therapeutic arsenal against viral encephalitis is rather limited, emphasizing the need to better understand the conditions of local antiviral immunity within the infected CNS. In this review, we discuss new insights into the pathophysiology of viral encephalitis, with a focus on myeloid cells and CD8+ T cells, which critically contribute to protection against viral CNS infection. By illuminating the prerequisites of myeloid and T cell activation, discussing new discoveries regarding their transcriptional signatures, and dissecting the mechanisms of their recruitment to sites of viral replication within the CNS, we aim to further delineate the complexity of antiviral responses within the infected CNS. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge in the field of virus infection and neurodegeneration and discuss the potential links of some neurotropic viruses with certain pathological hallmarks observed in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Mulenge
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olivia Luise Gern
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Mareike Busker
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Greimel
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liao Z, Zhang Q, Ren N, Zhao H, Zheng X. Progress in mitochondrial and omics studies in Alzheimer's disease research: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1418939. [PMID: 39040111 PMCID: PMC11260616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease, AD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It is characterized by the formation of tau protein neurofibrillary tangles and β-amyloid plaques. Recent studies have found that mitochondria in neuronal cells of AD patients exhibit various dysfunctions, including reduced numbers, ultrastructural changes, reduced enzyme activity, and abnormal kinetics. These abnormal mitochondria not only lead to the loss of normal neuronal cell function, but are also a major driver of AD progression. In this review, we will focus on the advances of mitochondria and their multi-omics in AD research, with particular emphasis on how mitochondrial dysfunction in AD drives disease progression. At the same time, we will focus on summarizing how mitochondrial genomics technologies have revealed specific details of these dysfunctions and how therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria may provide new directions for future AD treatments. By delving into the key mechanisms of mitochondria in AD related to energy metabolism, altered kinetics, regulation of cell death, and dysregulation of calcium-ion homeostasis, and how mitochondrial multi-omics technologies can be utilized to provide us with a better understanding of these processes. In the future, mitochondria-centered therapeutic strategies will be a key idea in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuning Liao
- Department of Neurology, Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Qiying Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinan Municipal Government Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Na Ren
- Pharmacy Department, Jinan Municipal People’s Government Organs Outpatient Department, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Qihe County People’s Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xue C, Kowshik SS, Lteif D, Puducheri S, Jasodanand VH, Zhou OT, Walia AS, Guney OB, Zhang JD, Pham ST, Kaliaev A, Andreu-Arasa VC, Dwyer BC, Farris CW, Hao H, Kedar S, Mian AZ, Murman DL, O'Shea SA, Paul AB, Rohatgi S, Saint-Hilaire MH, Sartor EA, Setty BN, Small JE, Swaminathan A, Taraschenko O, Yuan J, Zhou Y, Zhu S, Karjadi C, Alvin Ang TF, Bargal SA, Plummer BA, Poston KL, Ahangaran M, Au R, Kolachalama VB. AI-based differential diagnosis of dementia etiologies on multimodal data. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03118-z. [PMID: 38965435 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of dementia remains a challenge in neurology due to symptom overlap across etiologies, yet it is crucial for formulating early, personalized management strategies. Here, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) model that harnesses a broad array of data, including demographics, individual and family medical history, medication use, neuropsychological assessments, functional evaluations and multimodal neuroimaging, to identify the etiologies contributing to dementia in individuals. The study, drawing on 51,269 participants across 9 independent, geographically diverse datasets, facilitated the identification of 10 distinct dementia etiologies. It aligns diagnoses with similar management strategies, ensuring robust predictions even with incomplete data. Our model achieved a microaveraged area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.94 in classifying individuals with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Also, the microaveraged AUROC was 0.96 in differentiating the dementia etiologies. Our model demonstrated proficiency in addressing mixed dementia cases, with a mean AUROC of 0.78 for two co-occurring pathologies. In a randomly selected subset of 100 cases, the AUROC of neurologist assessments augmented by our AI model exceeded neurologist-only evaluations by 26.25%. Furthermore, our model predictions aligned with biomarker evidence and its associations with different proteinopathies were substantiated through postmortem findings. Our framework has the potential to be integrated as a screening tool for dementia in clinical settings and drug trials. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm its ability to improve patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chonghua Xue
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sahana S Kowshik
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diala Lteif
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shreyas Puducheri
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Varuna H Jasodanand
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia T Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anika S Walia
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osman B Guney
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Diana Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Serena T Pham
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Artem Kaliaev
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Carlota Andreu-Arasa
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigid C Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chad W Farris
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Honglin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sachin Kedar
- Departments of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asim Z Mian
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Murman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sarah A O'Shea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron B Paul
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saurabh Rohatgi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emmett A Sartor
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bindu N Setty
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan E Small
- Department of Radiology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | | | - Olga Taraschenko
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cody Karjadi
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Bargal
- Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bryan A Plummer
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Meysam Ahangaran
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Johns E, Vossler HA, Young CB, Carlson ML, Winer JR, Younes K, Park J, Rathmann-Bloch J, Smith V, Harrison TM, Landau S, Henderson V, Wagner A, Sha SJ, Zeineh M, Zaharchuk G, Poston KL, Davidzon GA, Mormino EC. Florbetaben amyloid PET acquisition time: Influence on Centiloids and interpretation. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38962867 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) acquisition timing impacts quantification. METHODS In florbetaben (FBB) PET scans of 245 adults with and without cognitive impairment, we investigated the impact of post-injection acquisition time on Centiloids (CLs) across five reference regions. CL equations for FBB were derived using standard methods, using FBB data collected between 90 and 110 min with paired Pittsburgh compound B data. Linear mixed models and t-tests evaluated the impact of acquisition time on CL increases. RESULTS CL values increased significantly over the scan using the whole cerebellum, cerebellar gray matter, and brainstem as reference regions, particularly in amyloid-positive individuals. In contrast, CLs based on white matter-containing reference regions decreased across the scan. DISCUSSION The quantification of CLs in FBB PET imaging is influenced by both the overall scan acquisition time and the choice of reference region. Standardized acquisition protocols or the application of acquisition time-specific CL equations should be implemented in clinical protocols. HIGHLIGHTS Acquisition timing affects florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) scan quantification, especially in amyloid-positive participants. The impact of acquisition timing on quantification varies across common reference regions. Consistent acquisitions and/or appropriate post-injection adjustments are needed to ensure comparability of PET data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Johns
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hillary A Vossler
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christina B Young
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Carlson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joseph R Winer
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kyan Younes
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Park
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Viktorija Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Susan Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Victor Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anthony Wagner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Stanford University, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sharon J Sha
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford University, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford University, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Guido A Davidzon
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford University, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McManus RM, Latz E. NLRP3 inflammasome signalling in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109941. [PMID: 38565393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Every year, 10 million people develop dementia, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, there is no way to prevent cognitive decline and therapies are limited. This review provides a neuroimmunological perspective on the progression of AD, and discusses the immune-targeted therapies that are in preclinical and clinical trials that may impact the development of this disease. Specifically, we look to the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, its triggers in the brain and how its activation can contribute to the progression of dementia. We summarise the range of inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream pathways that are under investigation, and discuss future therapeutic perspectives for this devastating condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róisín M McManus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Furuta M, Arii S, Umeda H, Matsukawa R, Shizu K, Kaji H, Kawashima SA, Hori Y, Tomita T, Sohma Y, Mitsunuma H, Kanai M. Leuco Ethyl Violet as Self-Activating Prodrug Photocatalyst for In Vivo Amyloid-Selective Oxygenation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401346. [PMID: 38689504 PMCID: PMC11234409 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein (tau), called amyloid, are related to the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Reducing amyloid levels in AD patients is a potentially effective approach to the treatment of AD. The selective degradation of amyloids via small molecule-catalyzed photooxygenation in vivo is a leading approach; however, moderate catalyst activity and the side effects of scalp injury are problematic in prior studies using AD model mice. Here, leuco ethyl violet (LEV) is identified as a highly active, amyloid-selective, and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable photooxygenation catalyst that circumvents all of these problems. LEV is a redox-sensitive, self-activating prodrug catalyst; self-oxidation of LEV through a hydrogen atom transfer process under photoirradiation produces catalytically active ethyl violet (EV) in the presence of amyloid. LEV effectively oxygenates human Aβ and tau, suggesting the feasibility for applications in humans. Furthermore, a concept of using a hydrogen atom as a caging group of a reactive catalyst functional in vivo is postulated. The minimal size of the hydrogen caging group is especially useful for catalyst delivery to the brain through BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Furuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Suguru Arii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Umeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shizu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Youhei Sohma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mitsunuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barrera-Ocampo A. Monoclonal antibodies and aptamers: The future therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2795-2814. [PMID: 39027235 PMCID: PMC11252463 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the most common and prevalent form of dementia of adult-onset with characteristic progressive impairment in cognition and memory. The cure for AD has not been found yet and the treatments available until recently were only symptomatic. Regardless of multidisciplinary approaches and efforts made by pharmaceutical companies, it was only in the past two years that new drugs were approved for the treatment of the disease. Amyloid beta (Aβ) immunotherapy is at the core of this therapy, which is one of the most innovative approaches looking to change the course of AD. This technology is based on synthetic peptides or monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to reduce Aβ levels in the brain and slow down the advance of neurodegeneration. Hence, this article reviews the state of the art about AD neuropathogenesis, the traditional pharmacologic treatment, as well as the modern active and passive immunization describing approved drugs, and drug prototypes currently under investigation in different clinical trials. In addition, future perspectives on immunotherapeutic strategies for AD and the rise of the aptamer technology as a non-immunogenic alternative to curb the disease progression are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Barrera-Ocampo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Diseño y Ciencias Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Químicas, Grupo Natura, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cha M, Kim S, Jung E, Cho I, Park I, Yoon S, Ye S, Lee S, Kim J, Kim HY, Oh JH, Maeng HJ, Kim I, Kim Y. Chemically Driven Clearance of Amyloid Aggregates by Polyfunctionalized Furo[2,3- b:4,5- b']dipyridine-Chalcone Hybrids to Ameliorate Memory in an Alzheimer Mouse Model. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3330-3342. [PMID: 38875185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ) is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent clinical outcomes of Aβ-targeted immunotherapy reinforce the notion that clearing Aβ burden is a potential therapeutic approach for AD. Herein, to develop drug candidates for chemically driven clearance of Aβ aggregates, we synthesized 51 novel polyfunctionalized furo[2,3-b:4,5-b']dipyridine-chalcone hybrid compounds. After conducting two types of cell-free anti-Aβ functional assays, Aβ aggregation prevention and Aβ aggregate clearance, we selected YIAD-0336, (E)-8-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-10-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7,8-dihydropyrido[3',2':4,5]furo[3,2-b]quinolin-9(6H)-one, for further in vivo investigations. As YIAD-0336 exhibited a low blood-brain barrier penetration profile, it was injected along with aggregated Aβ directly into the intracerebroventricular region of ICR mice and ameliorated spatial memory in Y-maze tests. Next, YIAD-0336 was orally administered to 5XFAD transgenic mice with intravenous injections of mannitol, and YIAD-0336 significantly removed Aβ plaques from the brains of 5XFAD mice. Collectively, YIAD-0336 dissociated toxic aggregates in the mouse brain and hence alleviated cognitive deterioration. Our findings indicate that chemically driven clearance of Aβ aggregates is a promising therapeutic approach for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soljee Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Ji-Hoon Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | | | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Amyloid Solution, Seongnam-si 13486, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao J, Wei M, Guo M, Wang M, Niu H, Xu T, Zhou Y. GSK3: A potential target and pending issues for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14818. [PMID: 38946682 PMCID: PMC11215492 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), consisting of GSK3α and GSK3β subtypes, is a complex protein kinase that regulates numerous substrates. Research has observed increased GSK3 expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and models. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder with diverse pathogenesis and notable cognitive impairments, characterized by Aβ aggregation and excessive tau phosphorylation. This article provides an overview of GSK3's structure and regulation, extensively analyzing its relationship with AD factors. GSK3 overactivation disrupts neural growth, development, and function. It directly promotes tau phosphorylation, regulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, leading to Aβ formation, and directly or indirectly triggers neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. We also summarize preclinical research highlighting the inhibition of GSK3 activity as a primary therapeutic approach for AD. Finally, pending issues like the lack of highly specific and affinity-driven GSK3 inhibitors, are raised and expected to be addressed in future research. In conclusion, GSK3 represents a target in AD treatment, filled with hope, challenges, opportunities, and obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mengying Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Minsong Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineWenzhouChina
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongxia Niu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Blood‐stasis‐toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Tengfei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineWenzhouChina
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Blood‐stasis‐toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu L, Ren C, Jing C, Wang G, Wei H, Kong M, Ba M. Predicting amyloid-PET and clinical conversion in apolipoprotein E ε3/ε3 non-demented individuals with multidimensional factors. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3742-3758. [PMID: 38698692 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a well-established risk factor of amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, because of the high prevalence of APOE ε3, there may be a large number of people with APOE ε3/ε3 who are non-demented and have Aβ pathology. There are limited studies on assessing Aβ status and clinical conversion in the APOE ε3/ε3 non-demented population. Two hundred and ninety-three non-demented individuals with APOE ε3/ε3 from ADNI database were divided into Aβ-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) positivity (+) and Aβ-PET negativity (-) groups using cut-off value of >1.11. Stepwise regression searched for a single or multidimensional clinical variables for predicting Aβ-PET (+), and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) assessed the accuracy of the predictive models. The Cox regression model explored the risk factors associated with clinical conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. The results showed that the combination of sex, education, ventricle and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume can accurately predict Aβ-PET status in cognitively normal (CN), and the combination of everyday cognition study partner total (EcogSPTotal) score, age, plasma p-tau 181 and WMH can accurately predict Aβ-PET status in MCI individuals. EcogSPTotal score were independent predictors of clinical conversion to MCI or AD. The findings may provide a non-invasive and effective tool to improve the efficiency of screening Aβ-PET (+), accelerate and reduce costs of AD trial recruitment in future secondary prevention trials or help to select patients at high risk of disease progression in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxi Jing
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Ulsan Ship and Ocean College, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongchun Wei
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Min Kong
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong, China
| | - Maowen Ba
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
- Yantai Regional Sub Center of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Neurological Diseases, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boyer E, Deltenre L, Dourte M, Colmant L, Paître E, Sleegers K, Suelves N, Hanseeuw B, Kienlen-Campard P. Comparison of plasma soluble and extracellular vesicles-associated biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease patients and cognitively normal individuals. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:141. [PMID: 38943196 PMCID: PMC11212434 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are brain hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), also present in blood as soluble biomarkers or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our goal was to assess how soluble plasma biomarkers of AD pathology correlate with the number and content of EVs. METHODS Single-molecule enzyme-linked assays were used to quantify Aβ42/40 and tau in plasma samples and neurally-derived EVs (NDEVs) from a cohort of APOE ε4- (n = 168) and APOE ε4+ (n = 68) cognitively normal individuals and AD patients (n = 55). The ratio of CD56 (Neuronal cell-adhesion molecule) to CD81 signal measured by ELISA-DELFIA was used for the relative quantification of NDEVs in plasma samples. RESULTS The soluble plasma Aβ42/40 ratio is decreased in AD patients compared to cognitively normal individuals. The amount and content (Aβ40, Aβ42, tau) of plasma NDEVs were similar between groups. Plasma NDEVs quantity remain consistent with aging and between AD and CN individuals. However, the quantity of soluble biomarkers was negatively correlated to NDEVs number in cognitively normal individuals, while in AD patients, this correlation is lost, suggesting a shift in the mechanism underpinning the production and the release of these biomarkers in pathological conditions. CONCLUSION Soluble plasma Aβ42/40 ratio is the most robust biomarker to discriminate between AD patients and CN individuals, as it normalizes for the number of NDEVs. Analysis of NDEVs and their content pointed toward peculiar mechanisms of Aβ release in AD. Further research on independent cohorts can confirm our findings and assess whether plasma Aβ and tau need correction by NDEVs for better AD risk identification in CN populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Boyer
- Aging and Dementia group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- Louvain Aging Lab, Institute of Neurosciences, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Louise Deltenre
- Aging and Dementia group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Marion Dourte
- Aging and Dementia group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Lise Colmant
- Louvain Aging Lab, Institute of Neurosciences, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Esther Paître
- Aging and Dementia group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
- Departement of Biomedical Sciences, VIB-UAntwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Nuria Suelves
- Aging and Dementia group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Louvain Aging Lab, Institute of Neurosciences, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, Wavre, 1300, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Aging and Dementia group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liang Y, Liu C, Cheng M, Geng L, Li J, Du W, Song M, Chen N, Yeleen TAN, Song L, Wang X, Han Y, Sheng C. The link between gut microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: From the perspective of new revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38940631 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome exerts a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Alzheimer's Association Workgroup is updating the diagnostic criteria for AD, which changed the profiles and categorization of biomarkers from "AT(N)" to "ATNIVS." Previously, most of studies focus on the correlation between the gut microbiome and amyloid beta deposition ("A"), the initial AD pathological feature triggering the "downstream" tauopathy and neurodegeneration. However, limited research investigated the interactions between the gut microbiome and other AD pathogenesis ("TNIVS"). In this review, we summarize current findings of the gut microbial characteristics in the whole spectrum of AD. Then, we describe the association of the gut microbiome with updated biomarker categories of AD pathogenesis. In addition, we outline the gut microbiome-related therapeutic strategies for AD. Finally, we discuss current key issues of the gut microbiome research in the AD field and future research directions. HIGHLIGHTS: The new revised criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) proposed by the Alzheimer's Association Workgroup have updated the profiles and categorization of biomarkers from "AT(N)" to "ATNIVS." The associations of the gut microbiome with updated biomarker categories of AD pathogenesis are described. Current findings of the gut microbial characteristics in the whole spectrum of AD are summarized. Therapeutic strategies for AD based on the gut microbiome are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Manman Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lijie Geng
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Yanzhou, Jining, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenying Du
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minfang Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | | | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Can Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gialama D, Vadukul DM, Thrush RJ, Radford SE, Aprile FA. A Potent Sybody Selectively Inhibits α-Synuclein Amyloid Formation by Binding to the P1 Region. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9857-9868. [PMID: 38842931 PMCID: PMC11215725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Increasing research efforts focus on exploiting antibodies to inhibit the amyloid formation of neurodegenerative proteins. Nevertheless, it is challenging to discover antibodies that inhibit this process in a specific manner. Using ribosome display, we screened for synthetic single-domain antibodies, i.e., sybodies, of the P1 region of α-synuclein (residues 36-42), a protein that forms amyloid in Parkinson's disease and multiple-system atrophy. Hits were assessed for direct binding to a P1 peptide and the inhibition of amyloid formation. We discovered a sybody, named αSP1, that inhibits amyloid formation of α-synuclein at substoichiometric concentrations in a specific manner, even within highly crowded heterogeneous mixtures. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based binding assays and seeding experiments with and without αSP1 further demonstrate the importance of the P1 region for both primary and secondary nucleation mechanisms of amyloid assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Gialama
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Devkee M. Vadukul
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Rebecca J. Thrush
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Francesco A. Aprile
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Paolis ML, Paoletti I, Zaccone C, Capone F, D'Amelio M, Krashia P. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at gamma frequency: an up-and-coming tool to modify the progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:33. [PMID: 38926897 PMCID: PMC11210106 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed huge efforts devoted to deciphering the pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and to testing new drugs, with the recent FDA approval of two anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for AD treatment. Beyond these drug-based experimentations, a number of pre-clinical and clinical trials are exploring the benefits of alternative treatments, such as non-invasive stimulation techniques on AD neuropathology and symptoms. Among the different non-invasive brain stimulation approaches, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is gaining particular attention due to its ability to externally control gamma oscillations. Here, we outline the current knowledge concerning the clinical efficacy, safety, ease-of-use and cost-effectiveness of tACS on early and advanced AD, applied specifically at 40 Hz frequency, and also summarise pre-clinical results on validated models of AD and ongoing patient-centred trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa De Paolis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Paoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso Di Fiorano, 64 - 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso Di Fiorano, 64 - 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aranda-Abreu GE, Rojas-Durán F, Hernández-Aguilar ME, Herrera-Covarrubias D, Chí-Castañeda LD, Toledo-Cárdenas MR, Suárez-Medellín JM. Alzheimer's Disease: Cellular and Pharmacological Aspects. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:86. [PMID: 39051250 PMCID: PMC11270425 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease was described more than 100 years ago and despite the fact that several molecules are being tested for its treatment, which are in phase III trials, the disease continues to progress. The main problem is that these molecules function properly in healthy neurons, while neuronal pathology includes plasma membrane disruption, malfunction of various organelles, and hyperphosphorylation of Tau and amyloid plaques. The main objective of this article is the discussion of a neuronal restoration therapy, where molecules designed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease would probably be more effective, and the quality of life of people would be better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda-Abreu
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91192, Mexico; (F.R.-D.); (M.E.H.-A.); (D.H.-C.); (L.D.C.-C.); (M.R.T.-C.); (J.M.S.-M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yamakuni R, Murakami T, Ukon N, Kakamu T, Toda W, Hattori K, Sekino H, Ishii S, Fukushima K, Matsuda H, Ugawa Y, Wakasugi N, Abe M, Ito H. Differential centiloid scale normalization techniques: comparison between hybrid PET/MRI and independently acquired MRI. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01955-z. [PMID: 38902587 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Centiloid (CL) scales play an important role in semiquantitative analyses of amyloid-β (Aβ) PET. CLs are derived from the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), which needs Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) normalization processing. There are two methods to collect the T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) for normalization: (i) anatomical standardization using simultaneously acquired T1WI (PET/MRI), usually adapted to PET images from PET/MRI scanners, and (ii) T1WI from a separate examination (PET + MRI), usually adapted to PET images from PET/CT scanners. This study aimed to elucidate the correlations and differences in CLs between when using the above two T1WI collection methods. METHODS Among patients who underwent Aβ PET/MRI (using 11C-Pittuberg compound B (11C-PiB) or 18F-flutemetamol (18F-FMM)) at our institution from 2015 to 2023, we selected 49 patients who also underwent other additional MRI examinations, including T1WI for anatomic standardization within 3 years. Thirty-one of them underwent 11C-PiB PET/MRI, and 18 participants underwent 18F-FMM PET/MRI. Twenty-five of them, additional MRI acquisition parameters were identical to simultaneous MRI during PET, and 24 participants were different. After normalization using PET/MRI or PET + MRI method each, SUVR was measured using the Global Alzheimer's Association Initiative Network cerebral cortical and striatum Volume of Interest templates (VOI) and whole cerebellum VOI. Subsequently, CLs were calculated using the previously established equations for each Aβ PET tracer. RESULTS Between PET/MRI and PET + MRI methods, CLs correlated linearly in 11C-PiB PET (y = 1.00x - 0.11, R2 = 0.999), 18F-FMM PET (y = 0.97x - 0.12, 0.997), identical additional MRI acquisition (y = 1.00x + 0.33, 0.999), different acquisition (y = 0.98x - 0.43, 0.997), and entire study group (y = 1.00x - 0.24, 0.999). Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no significant differences: 11C-PiB (p = 0.49), 18F-FMM (0.08), and whole PET (0.46). However, significant differences were identified in identical acquisition (p = 0.04) and different acquisition (p = 0.02). Bland-Altman analysis documented only a small bias between PET/MRI and PET + MRI in 11C-PiB PET, 18F-FMM PET, identical additional MRI acquisition, different acquisition, and whole PET (- 0.05, 0.67, - 0.30, 0.78, and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Anatomical standardizations using PET/MRI and using PET + MRI can lead to almost equivalent CL. The CL values obtained using PET/MRI or PET + MRI normalization methods are consistent and comparable in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamakuni
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Takenobu Murakami
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ukon
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Wataru Toda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kasumi Hattori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sekino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shiro Ishii
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Department of Bio-Functional Imaging, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Noritaka Wakasugi
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunari Abe
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
By S, Kahl A, Cogswell PM. Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials: What Have We Learned From Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39031716 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide with rising prevalence, incidence and mortality. Despite many decades of research, there remains an unmet need for disease-modifying treatment that can significantly alter the progression of disease. Recently, with United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approvals, there have been tremendous advances in this area, with agents demonstrating effects on cognition and biomarkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an instrumental role in these trials. This review article aims to outline how MRI is used for screening eligibility, monitoring safety and measuring efficacy in clinical trials, leaning on the landscape of past and recent AD clinical trials that have used MRI as examples; further, insight on promising MRI biomarkers for future trials is provided. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha By
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anja Kahl
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meur S, Karati D. Fyn Kinase in Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04286-2. [PMID: 38890236 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates and neuronal damage in the brain, leads to a gradual decline in cognitive function and memory. As a complex neurodegenerative disorder, it involves disruptions in various biochemical pathways and neurotransmitter systems, contributing to the progressive loss of neurons and synaptic connections. The complexity of Alzheimer's signaling pathways complicates treatment, presenting a formidable challenge in the quest for effective therapeutic interventions. A member of the Src family of kinases (SFKs), Fyn, is a type of non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been linked to multiple essential CNS processes, such as myelination and synaptic transmission. Fyn is an appealing target for AD treatments because it is uniquely linked to the two major pathologies in AD by its interaction with tau, in addition to being activated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) through PrPC. Fyn mediates neurotoxicity and synaptic impairments caused by Aβ and is involved in regulating the process of Aβ synthesis.Additionally, the tau protein's tyrosine phosphorylation is induced by Fyn. Fyn is also a challenging target because of its widespread body expression and strong homology with other kinases of the Src family, which could cause unintentional off-target effects. This review emphasizes signaling pathways mediated by Fyn that govern neuronal development and plasticity while also summarizing the most noteworthy recent research relevant to Fyn kinase's function in the brain. Additionally, the therapeutic inhibition of Fyn kinase has been discussed, with a focus on the Fyn kinase inhibitors that are in clinical trials, which presents a fascinating opportunity for targeting Fyn kinase in the creation of possible therapeutic approaches for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Meur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Niu Z, Gui X, Feng S, Reif B. Aggregation Mechanisms and Molecular Structures of Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease. Chemistry 2024:e202400277. [PMID: 38888453 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are a major pathological hallmark involved in Alzheimer's disease and consist of deposits of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The aggregation process of Aβ is highly complex, which leads to polymorphous aggregates with different structures. In addition to aberrant aggregation, Aβ oligomers can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and form dynamic condensates. It has been hypothesized that these amyloid liquid droplets affect and modulate amyloid fibril formation. In this review, we briefly introduce the relationship between stress granules and amyloid protein aggregation that is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Then we highlight the regulatory role of LLPS in Aβ aggregation and discuss the potential relationship between Aβ phase transition and aggregation. Furthermore, we summarize the current structures of Aβ oligomers and amyloid fibrils, which have been determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structural variations of Aβ aggregates provide an explanation for the different levels of toxicity, shed light on the aggregation mechanism and may pave the way towards structure-based drug design for both clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xinrui Gui
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shuang Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bernd Reif
- Bavarian NMR Center (B NMRZ), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München (TUM), Garching, 85747, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Helmholtz-Zentrum, München (HMGU), Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Niazi SK, Mariam Z, Magoola M. Engineered Antibodies to Improve Efficacy against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6683. [PMID: 38928395 PMCID: PMC11203520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that can selectively remove rogue proteins in the brain are an obvious choice to treat neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), but after decades of efforts, only two antibodies to treat Alzheimer's disease are approved, dozens are in the testing phase, and one was withdrawn, and the other halted, likely due to efficacy issues. However, these outcomes should have been evident since these antibodies cannot enter the brain sufficiently due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protectant. However, all products can be rejuvenated by binding them with transferrin, preferably as smaller fragments. This model can be tested quickly and at a low cost and should be applied to bapineuzumab, solanezumab, crenezumab, gantenerumab, aducanumab, lecanemab, donanemab, cinpanemab, and gantenerumab, and their fragments. This paper demonstrates that conjugating with transferrin does not alter the binding to brain proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and α-synuclein. We also present a selection of conjugate designs that will allow cleavage upon entering the brain to prevent their exocytosis while keeping the fragments connected to enable optimal binding to proteins. The identified products can be readily tested and returned to patients with the lowest regulatory cost and delays. These engineered antibodies can be manufactured by recombinant engineering, preferably by mRNA technology, as a more affordable solution to meet the dire need to treat neurodegenerative disorders effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zamara Mariam
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry City CV1 5FB, UK;
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Oliai SF, Shippy DC, Ulland TK. Mitigation of CXCL10 secretion by metabolic disorder drugs in microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 391:578364. [PMID: 38718558 PMCID: PMC11165694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. We previously identified C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), as a major contributor to the type I interferon response in microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized FDA-approved metabolic disorder drugs that attenuate CXCL10 secretion may be repurposed as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Screening, dose curves, and cytotoxicity assays in LPS-stimulated microglia yielded treprostinil (hypertension), pitavastatin (hyperlipidemia), and eplerenone (hypertension) as candidates that significantly reduced CXCL10 secretion (in addition to other pro-inflammatory mediators) without impacting cell viability. Altogether, these data suggest metabolic disorder drugs that attenuate CXCL10 as potential treatments for neurodegenerative disease through mitigating microglial-mediated neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia F Oliai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schwab K, Lauer D, Magbagbeolu M, Theuring F, Gasiorowska A, Zadrozny M, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Niewiadomska G, Riedel G. Hydromethylthionine rescues synaptic SNARE proteins in a mouse model of tauopathies: Interference by cholinesterase inhibitors. Brain Res Bull 2024; 212:110955. [PMID: 38677558 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD), hydromethylthionine mesylate (HMTM) showed reduced efficacy when administered as an add-on to symptomatic treatments, while it produced a significant improvement of cognitive function when taken as monotherapy. Interference of cholinesterase inhibition with HMTM was observed also in a tau transgenic mouse model, where rivastigmine reduced the pharmacological activity of HMTM at multiple brain levels including hippocampal acetylcholine release, synaptosomal glutamate release and mitochondrial activity. Here, we examined the effect of HMTM, given alone or in combination with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, rivastigmine, at the level of expression of selected pre-synaptic proteins (syntaxin-1; SNAP-25, VAMP-2, synaptophysin-1, synapsin-1, α-synuclein) in brain tissue harvested from tau-transgenic Line 1 (L1) and wild-type mice using immunohistochemistry. L1 mice overexpress the tau-core unit that induces tau aggregation and results in an AD-like phenotype. Synaptic proteins were lower in hippocampus and cortex but greater in basal forebrain regions in L1 compared to wild-type mice. HMTM partially normalised the expression pattern of several of these proteins in basal forebrain. This effect was diminished when HMTM was administered in combination with rivastigmine, where mean protein expression seemed supressed. This was further confirmed by group-based correlation network analyses where important levels of co-expression correlations in basal forebrain regions were lost in L1 mice and partially re-established when HMTM was given alone but not in combination with rivastigmine. These data indicate a reduction in pharmacological activity of HMTM when given as an add-on therapy, a result that is consistent with the responses observed in the clinic. Attenuation of the therapeutic effects of HMTM by cholinergic treatments may have important implications for other potential AD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Schwab
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Dilyara Lauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Mandy Magbagbeolu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Franz Theuring
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Anna Gasiorowska
- Clinical and Research Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Maciej Zadrozny
- Clinical and Research Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Charles R Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Claude M Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Grażyna Niewiadomska
- Clinical and Research Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Gernot Riedel
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oakley DH, Chung M, Abrha S, Hyman BT, Frosch MP. β-Amyloid species production and tau phosphorylation in iPSC-neurons with reference to neuropathologically characterized matched donor brains. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024:nlae053. [PMID: 38874454 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A basic assumption underlying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of neurodegeneration is that disease-relevant pathologies present in brain tissue are also represented in donor-matched cells differentiated from iPSCs. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis in matched iPSCs and neuropathologically characterized donated brain tissues. To address this, we assessed iPSC-neuron production of β-amyloid (Aβ) Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 in 24 iPSC lines matched to donor brains with primary neuropathologic diagnoses of sporadic AD (sAD), familial AD (fAD), control, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between Aβ43 production by fAD iPSC-neurons and Aβ43 accumulation in matched brain tissues but do not reveal a substantial correlation in soluble Aβ species between control or sAD iPSC-neurons and matched brains. However, we found that the ApoE4 genotype is associated with increased Aβ production by AD iPSC-neurons. Pathologic tau phosphorylation was found to be increased in AD and fAD iPSC-neurons compared to controls and positively correlated with the relative abundance of longer-length Aβ species produced by these cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sAD-predisposing genetic factors influence iPSC-neuron phenotypes and that these cells are capturing disease-relevant and patient-specific components of the amyloid cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek H Oakley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mirra Chung
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Abrha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gardner R, Kyle M, Hughes K, Zhao LR. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals immunomodulatory effects of stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593359. [PMID: 38766064 PMCID: PMC11100789 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimers disease leads to progressive neurodegeneration and dementia. Alzheimers disease primarily affects older adults with neuropathological changes including amyloid beta deposition, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that systemic treatment with combined stem cell factor, SCF, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor, GCSF, reduces amyloid beta load, increases amyloid beta uptake by activated microglia and macrophages, reduces neuroinflammation, and restores dendrites and synapses in the brains of aged APP-PS1 mice. However, the mechanisms underlying SCF-GCSF-enhanced brain repair in aged APP-PS1 mice remain unclear. This study used a transcriptomic approach to identify potential mechanisms by which SCF-GCSF treatment modulates microglia and peripheral myeloid cells to mitigate Alzheimers disease pathology in the aged brain. After injections of SCF-GCSF for 5 consecutive days, single cell RNA sequencing was performed on CD11b positive cells isolated from the brains of 28-month-old APP-PS1 mice. The vast majority of cell clusters aligned with transcriptional profiles of microglia in various activation states. However, SCF-GCSF treatment dramatically increased a cell population showing upregulation of marker genes related to peripheral myeloid cells. Flow cytometry data also revealed an SCF-GCSF-induced increase of cerebral CD45high-CD11b positive active phagocytes. SCF-GCSF treatment robustly increased the transcription of genes implicated in immune cell activation, including gene sets that regulate inflammatory processes and cell migration. Expression of S100a8 and S100a9 were robustly enhanced following SCF-GCSF treatment in all CD11b positive cell clusters. Moreover, the topmost genes differentially expressed with SCF-GCSF treatment were largely upregulated in S100a8-S100a9 positive cells, suggesting a well-conserved transcriptional profile related to SCF-GCSF treatment in resident and peripherally derived CD11b positive immune cells. This S100a8-S100a9-associated transcriptional profile contained notable genes related to proinflammatory and antiinflammatory responses, neuroprotection, and amyloid beta plaque inhibition or clearance. Altogether, this study reveals immunomodulatory effects of SCF-GCSF treatment in the aged brain with Alzheimers disease pathology, which will guide future studies to further uncover the therapeutic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang Y, Qiu L. Research Progress on the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Drug Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:590. [PMID: 38928590 PMCID: PMC11201671 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the population ages worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent kind of neurodegenerative disorder among older people, has become a significant factor affecting quality of life, public health, and economies. However, the exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer's remains elusive, and existing highly recognized pathogenesis includes the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Tau neurofibrillary tangles hypothesis, and neuroinflammation hypothesis. The major diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease include neuroimaging positron emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid molecular diagnosis. The therapy of Alzheimer's disease primarily relies on drugs, and the approved drugs on the market include acetylcholinesterase drugs, glutamate receptor antagonists, and amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies. Still, the existing drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of the disease and cannot completely reverse it. This review aims to summarize existing research results on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and drug therapy, with the objective of facilitating future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lina Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Iwatsubo T. Development of disease-modifying therapies against Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38842037 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To successfully develop disease-modifying therapies (DMT) against Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to target the mild stage of the disease, before the pathological changes progress and dementia symptoms are fully manifested. To this end, the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), a large-scale observational study, was initiated in the U.S. with the goal of development of DMT that are effective in the early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by utilizing imaging and biomarkers. In Japan, J-ADNI enrolled and followed up 537 patients, mainly with MCI, and established a platform for evaluation including amyloid PET, and demonstrated a high similarity in the clinical course of amyloid-positive MCI (prodromal AD) in Japan and the U.S. In 2023, the anti-Aβ antibody lecanemab successfully completed a Phase III clinical trial for early AD (prodromal AD + mild AD dementia) and was granted regulatory approval and made available both in the US and Japan. Also, phase III trial of donanemab was completed successful. The J-TRC study was initiated in Japan as a "trial ready cohort (TRC)" consisting of participants who met the eligibility criteria for participation in preclinical and prodromal AD trials. Based on such a platform, the development of DMT for AD will progress more rapidly in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zuo CY, Hu Z, Hao XY, Li MJ, Shi JJ, Guo MN, Ma DR, Li SJ, Liang YY, Zhang C, Mao CY, Xu Y, Shi CH. The potential protective role of peripheral immunophenotypes in Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1403077. [PMID: 38903900 PMCID: PMC11188398 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1403077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread neurodegenerative disease in the world. Previous studies have shown that peripheral immune dysregulation plays a paramount role in AD, but whether there is a protective causal relationship between peripheral immunophenotypes and AD risk remains ambiguous. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using large genome-wide association study (GWAS) genetic data to assess causal effects between peripheral immunophenotypes and AD risk. Utilizing the genetic associations of 731 immune cell traits as exposures. We adopted the inverse variance weighted method as the primary approach. The Weighted median and MR-Egger regression methods were employed as supplements. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the outcomes. Results Based on the IVW method, we identified 14 immune cell traits that significantly reduced the risk of AD, of which six demonstrated statistical significance in both IVW and Weighted median methods. Among the seven immune traits, four were related to regulatory T (Treg) cells : (1) CD25++ CD45RA- CD4 not regulatory T cell % T cell (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.96 [0.95, 0.98], adjusted P = 1.17E-02), (2) CD25++ CD45RA- CD4 not regulatory T cell % CD4+ T cell (OR [95% CI] = 0.97 [0.96, 0.99], adjusted P = 3.77E-02), (3) Secreting CD4 regulatory T cell % CD4 regulatory T cell (OR [95% CI] = 0.98 [0.97, 0.99], adjusted P = 7.10E-03), (4) Activated & secreting CD4 regulatory T cell % CD4 regulatory T cell(OR [95% CI] = 0.98 [0.97, 0.99], adjusted P = 7.10E-03). In addition, HLA DR++ monocyte % monocyte (OR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.89, 0.98], adjusted P = 4.87E-02) was associated with monocytes, and HLA DR on myeloid Dendritic Cell (OR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.89, 0.97], adjusted P = 1.17E-02) was related to dendritic cells (DCs). Conclusion These findings enhance the comprehension of the protective role of peripheral immunity in AD and provide further support for Treg and monocyte as potential targets for immunotherapy in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-yan Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-yan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng-jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing-jing Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng-nan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong-rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuang-jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cheng-yuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-he Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Im D, Choi TS. Distinctive contribution of two additional residues in protein aggregation of Aβ42 and Aβ40 isoforms. BMB Rep 2024; 57:263-272. [PMID: 38835114 PMCID: PMC11214890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that self-assemble to protein aggregates, incurring cell malfunction and cytotoxicity. While Aβ has been known to regulate multiple physiological functions, such as enhancing synaptic functions, aiding in the recovery of the blood-brain barrier/brain injury, and exhibiting tumor suppression/antimicrobial activities, the hydrophobicity of the primary structure promotes pathological aggregations that are closely associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ proteins consist of multiple isoforms with 37-43 amino acid residues that are produced by the cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). The hydrolytic products of APP are secreted to the extracellular regions of neuronal cells. Aβ 1-42 (Aβ42) and Aβ 1-40 (Aβ40) are dominant isoforms whose significance in AD pathogenesis has been highlighted in numerous studies to understand the molecular mechanism and develop AD diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the differences between Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the molecular mechanism of amyloid aggregations mediated by the two additional residues (Ile41 and Ala42) of Aβ42. The current comprehension of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in AD progression is outlined, together with the structural features of Aβ42/Aβ40 amyloid fibrils, and the aggregation mechanisms of Aβ42/Aβ40. Furthermore, the impact of the heterogeneous distribution of Aβ isoforms during amyloid aggregations is discussed in the system mimicking the coexistence of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(6): 263-272].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoon Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae Su Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zeng H, Zhang Q, Liu L, Deng F, Han H, Meng F, Bai H. Correlation between abnormal cellular immune and changes of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105737. [PMID: 38599243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from previous studies indicates that neuroinflammation contributes to the onset of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Moreover, cellular dysfunction is induced by impaired signaling of neurotransmitters. This study aimed to explore the correlation between cellular immune dysfunction and neurotransmitter changes through cranial Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in AD patients. METHODS Here, 32 AD, 40 Vascular Dementia (VD), and 35 Non-Dementia Elderly Control (NDE) cases were enrolled. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize lymphocyte subsets in plasma samples. The IL-1β and Caspase-1 levels were detected by ELISA. The NLRP3 expression level was measured by Western Blot (WB). The equivalence of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Creatine (Cr), Choline (Cho), and Inositol (MI) in bilateral hippocampi of patients was examined by MRS. The association of NAA/Cr or MI/Cr ratios with the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets or NK cell subsets was determined through single-factor correlation analysis. RESULTS The proportion of T lymphocyte subsets was significantly lower in the AD group than in the NDE group (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the Caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-1β protein expression levels were significantly higher in the AD group than in the other groups. Further analysis showed that the NAA/Cr ratio was lower in the AD group than in the NDE group. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the NAA/Cr ratio and the MMSE score (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the NAA/Cr and T lymphocyte ratios. The NAA/Cr ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of NK cells in the blood (r = -0.83, P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was also recorded between the MI/Cr and T cell ratios in blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Impaired cellular immune dysfunction in AD patients was significantly correlated with abnormal MRS. Neuroimmune dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and alter the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as aspartic acid and MI in the brains of AD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, 558099, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050004, China
| | - Feifei Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, 558099, China
| | - Huabo Han
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, 558099, China
| | - Fuxue Meng
- Medical Laboratory Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, 558099, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, 558099, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; Medical Laboratory Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, 558099, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Garachetla HK, Takagi K, Takagi R, Kato Y. Does Vascular Dementia Exist? Report of Two Cases Previously Diagnosed with Vascular Dementia Treated by Means of Ventriculoatrial Shunts. Asian J Neurosurg 2024; 19:295-300. [PMID: 38974438 PMCID: PMC11226289 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. While new therapeutic modalities have been available for Alzheimer's disease, there is currently no effective treatment for VaD. We encountered two cases with VaD who recovered their cognitive function to normal levels after ventriculoatrial shunt (VA shunt). Both cases complained cognitive impairment shortly after cerebral infarctions. Their brain images showed ventricular dilatation without the findings of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, which is regarded as characteristic for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Both cases were initially diagnosed as VaD by board neurosurgeons. However, since they showed positive response to lumbar tap test, VA shunts were performed. Both cases recovered their cognitive function to normal level. Their excellent cognitive outcomes after VA shunts indicate that many iNPH patients with lacunar infarcts may possibly be misdiagnosed as VaD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari K. Garachetla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paras Hospitals, New Delhi, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- NPH Centre, Abiko Seijinkai Hospital, Abiko, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jifukai Atsuchi Neurosurgical Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Medical Centre, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hossain MF, Husna AU, Kharel M. Use of lecanemab for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3592. [PMID: 38867460 PMCID: PMC11169267 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The US Food and Drug Administration authorized lecanemab for the therapeutic use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in January 2023. To assess the effectiveness and safety of lecanemab in treating AD, we thoroughly examined the studies that are currently accessible. METHOD Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis recommendations were followed. In order to find relevant studies on lecanemab, we carried out a thorough literature search utilizing the electronic databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Scopus. Excluding any research using experimental animals, we looked at lecanemab's effectiveness and side effects in treating AD in human clinical trials. Three randomized controlled studies were included. FINDINGS According to studies, lecanemab lessens clinical deterioration and reduces brain amyloid-beta plaques (difference,.45; 95% confidence interval,.67 to.23; p < .001). Participants who received lecanemab saw a greater frequency of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA)-H (17.3% vs. 9.0%) and ARIA-E (12.6% vs. 1.7%), which is a significant adverse outcome. CONCLUSION Lecanemab has been shown to have an impact on the two primary pathophysiologic indicators of AD (Aβ and tau). There are still a lot of unresolved issues related to lecanemab. Future research on the effectiveness and safety of lecanemab is advised in order to determine that the advantages of this medication exceed the disadvantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashma Ul Husna
- Mercy Health St. Elizabeth Youngstown HospitalYoungstownOhioUSA
| | - Manish Kharel
- Department of MedicineKathmandu Medical CollegeKathmanduNepal
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rajendran K, Krishnan UM. Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic stratagems for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102309. [PMID: 38615895 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder has affected over 30 million individuals globally and these numbers are expected to increase in the coming decades. Current therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective as they focus on a single target. Development of an effective drug therapy requires a deep understanding of the various factors influencing the onset and progression of the disease. Aging and genetic factors exert a major influence on the development of AD. Other factors like post-viral infections, iron overload, gut dysbiosis, and vascular dysfunction also exacerbate the onset and progression of AD. Further, post-translational modifications in tau, DRP1, CREB, and p65 proteins increase the disease severity through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic loss, and differential interaction of amyloid beta with different receptors leading to impaired intracellular signalling. With advancements in neuroscience tools, new inter-relations that aggravate AD are being discovered including pre-existing diseases and exposure to other pathogens. Simultaneously, new therapeutic strategies involving modulation of gene expression through targeted delivery or modulation with light, harnessing the immune response to promote clearance of amyloid deposits, introduction of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to replace the destroyed neurons, exploring new therapeutic molecules from plant, marine and biological sources delivered in the free state or through nanoparticles and use of non-pharmacological interventions like music, transcranial stimulation and yoga. Polypharmacology approaches involving combination of therapeutic agents are also under active investigation for superior therapeutic outcomes. This review elaborates on various disease-causing factors, their underlying mechanisms, the inter-play between different disease-causing players, and emerging therapeutic options including those under clinical trials, for treatment of AD. The challenges involved in AD therapy and the way forward have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Park KW. Anti-amyloid Antibody Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 58:227-236. [PMID: 38932758 PMCID: PMC11196435 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-024-00848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, which is characterized by a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is extremely difficult to treat and severely reduces quality of life. Amyloid beta (Aβ) has been the primary target of experimental therapies owing to the neurotoxicity of Aβ and the brain Aβ load detected in humans by amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Recently completed phase 2 and 3 trials of third-generation anti-amyloid immunotherapies indicated clinical efficacy in significantly reducing brain Aβ load and inhibiting the progression of cognitive decline. Anti-amyloid immunotherapies are the first effective disease-modifying therapies for AD, and aducanumab and lecanemab were recently approved through the US Food and Drug Administration's accelerated approval pathway. However, these therapies still exhibit insufficient clinical efficacy and are associated with amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Further advances in the field of AD therapeutics are required to revolutionize clinical AD treatment, dementia care, and preventive cognitive healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 26 Daesingongwon-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Dong-A University, 26 Daesingongwon-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Roghani AK, Garcia RI, Roghani A, Reddy A, Khemka S, Reddy RP, Pattoor V, Jacob M, Reddy PH, Sehar U. Treating Alzheimer's disease using nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery strategies/systems. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102291. [PMID: 38614367 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The administration of promising medications for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is significantly hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology has recently come to light as a viable strategy for overcoming this obstacle and improving drug delivery to the brain. With a focus on current developments and prospects, this review article examines the use of nanoparticles to overcome the BBB constraints to improve drug therapy for AD The potential for several nanoparticle-based approaches, such as those utilizing lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic nanoparticles, to enhance drug transport across the BBB are highlighted. To shed insight on their involvement in aiding effective drug transport to the brain, methods of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery, such as surface modifications, functionalization, and particular targeting ligands, are also investigated. The article also discusses the most recent findings on innovative medication formulations encapsulated within nanoparticles and the therapeutic effects they have shown in both preclinical and clinical testing. This sector has difficulties and restrictions, such as the need for increased safety, scalability, and translation to clinical applications. However, the major emphasis of this review aims to provide insight and contribute to the knowledge of how nanotechnology can potentially revolutionize the worldwide treatment of NDDs, particularly AD, to enhance clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX 79382, USA.
| | - Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Ali Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA.
| | - Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Ruhananhad P Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA.
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Michael Jacob
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Song T, Wang Y, Silverglate BD, Grossberg GT. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of donanemab for the treatment of Alzheimer's. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:411-417. [PMID: 38758223 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2357637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Donanemab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that significantly reduces cerebral amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). It can delay disease progression and cognitive decline, making it one of the most promising disease-modifying treatments in the current treatment landscape. AREAS COVERED This paper covers the current literature available on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of donanemab. Publications from PubMed and Google were reviewed. A summary of regulatory approvals and current clinical data is also provided. EXPERT OPINION/COMMENTARY Donanemab as a therapy for AD has more effective disease-modifying effects compared to lecanemab. Donanemab appears generally well-tolerated; however, it may have higher rates of severe side effects, such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), that could lead to death. Guidelines for frequency of MRI monitoring for ARIA/safety are pending but will be integral to determining its use. Despite some limitations, donanemab is expected to receive FDA approval, giving clinicians access to another disease-modifying drug. Overall, more data is needed about donanemab, especially relating to safety, efficacy, cost, and integration with other treatments, but its development signifies progress in AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Song
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - George T Grossberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sun Y, Zhang H, Liu R, Huang R, Gao Z, Tian L, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Lu C, Wu L. Lancao decoction alleviates cognitive dysfunction: A new therapeutic drug and its therapeutic mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155531. [PMID: 38492366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized primarily by the decline of learning and memory abilities. The physiological and pathological mechanisms of CD are very complex, which is mainly related to normal function of the hippocampus. Lancao decoction (LC) is a Chinese medicine formula, which has been used to treat neurodegenerative disorders. However, the potential of LC for the treatment of CD, as well as its underlying mechanisms, is unclear. PURPOSE In the study, we aimed to reveal the functional and neuronal mechanisms of LC's treatments for CD in scopolamine-induced mice. METHODS Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the stability of LC's extraction. CD model was established by the chronic induction of scopolamine (Scop, 1 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. Behavioral tests including morris water maze (MWM) and y-maze were used to evaluate learning and memory abilities of mice after LC's treatments. Immunofluorescence was used to detected the expressions of cFOS, Brdu and Ki67 after LC's treatments. Pharmacological blockade experiments explored the role of α-Amino-3‑hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) in LC's treatments for CD and its relationships with regeneration, activities and differentiation of neurons. RESULTS The results showed that LC was capable of improving spatial learning and memory and spontaneous alternating abilities in Scop-induced mice, which was similar to donepezil. LC could increase the number of cFOS positive cells, which was used as a marker of neuronal activity to upregulate by neuronal activities in hippocampus, but donepezil did not. Moreover, LC could strengthen neurogenesis and neuro-differentiation by increasing the number of Brdu and Ki67 positive cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), meanwhile, donepezil could only enhance the number of Ki67 positive cells. Transient inhibition of AMPAR by NBQX blunted the function of LC's treatment for CD and inhibited the enhanced effect of LC on Scop-induced hippocampal neuronal excitability and neurogenesis in mice. CONCLUSION To sum up, our study demonstrated that LC had the function of treating CD by enhancing content of acetylcholine (ACh) to activate AMPAR, which further up-regulated neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation to strengthen neuroactivities in hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China; College of Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders and School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders and School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Rumin Huang
- College of Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Liyuan Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Chao Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|