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Younes K, Smith V, Johns E, Carlson ML, Winer J, He Z, Henderson VW, Greicius MD, Young CB, Mormino EC. Temporal tau asymmetry spectrum influences divergent behavior and language patterns in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024:S0889-1591(24)00390-8. [PMID: 38710339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the psychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer s disease (AD) is crucial for advancing precision medicine and therapeutic strategies. The relationship between AD behavioral symptoms and asymmetry in spatial tau PET patterns is not well-known. Braak tau progression implicates the temporal lobes early. However, the clinical and pathological implications of temporal tau laterality remain unexplored. This cross-sectional study investigated the correlation between temporal tau PET asymmetry and behavior assessed using the neuropsychiatric inventory and composite scores for memory, executive function, and language, using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. In the entire cohort, continuous right and left temporal tau contributions to behavior and cognition were evaluated, controlling for age, sex, education, and tau burden on the contralateral side. Additionally, a temporal tau laterality index was calculated to define "asymmetry-extreme" groups (individuals with laterality indices greater than two standard deviations from the mean). 695 individuals (age = 73.9 ± 7.6 years, 372(53.5 %) females) were included, comprising 281(40 %) cognitively unimpaired (CU) amyloid negative, 185(27 %) CU amyloid positive, and 229(33 %) impaired (CI) amyloid positive participants. In the full cohort analysis, right temporal tau was associated with worse behavior (B = 8.14, p-value = 0.007), and left temporal tau was associated with worse language (B = 1.4, p-value < 0.001). Categorization into asymmetry-extreme groups revealed 20 right- and 27 left-asymmetric participants. Within these extreme groups, there was additional heterogeneity along the anterior-posterior dimension. Asymmetrical tau burden is associated with distinct behavioral and cognitive profiles. Wide multi-cultural implementation of social cognition measures is needed to understand right-sided asymmetry in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan Younes
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Viktorija Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Emily Johns
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Carlson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Joseph Winer
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Christina B Young
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Kalita M, Park JH, Kuo RC, Hayee S, Marsango S, Straniero V, Alam IS, Rivera-Rodriguez A, Pandrala M, Carlson ML, Reyes ST, Jackson IM, Suigo L, Luo A, Nagy SC, Valoti E, Milligan G, Habte F, Shen B, James ML. PET Imaging of Innate Immune Activation Using 11C Radiotracers Targeting GPR84. JACS Au 2023; 3:3297-3310. [PMID: 38155640 PMCID: PMC10751761 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic innate immune activation is a key hallmark of many neurological diseases and is known to result in the upregulation of GPR84 in myeloid cells (macrophages, microglia, and monocytes). As such, GPR84 can potentially serve as a sensor of proinflammatory innate immune responses. To assess the utility of GPR84 as an imaging biomarker, we synthesized 11C-MGX-10S and 11C-MGX-11Svia carbon-11 alkylation for use as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting this receptor. In vitro experiments demonstrated significantly higher binding of both radiotracers to hGPR84-HEK293 cells than that of parental control HEK293 cells. Co-incubation with the GPR84 antagonist GLPG1205 reduced the binding of both radiotracers by >90%, demonstrating their high specificity for GPR84 in vitro. In vivo assessment of each radiotracer via PET imaging of healthy mice illustrated the superior brain uptake and pharmacokinetics of 11C-MGX-10S compared to 11C-MGX-11S. Subsequent use of 11C-MGX-10S to image a well-established mouse model of systemic and neuro-inflammation revealed a high PET signal in affected tissues, including the brain, liver, lung, and spleen. In vivo specificity of 11C-MGX-10S for GPR84 was confirmed by the administration of GLPG1205 followed by radiotracer injection. When compared with 11C-DPA-713-an existing radiotracer used to image innate immune activation in clinical research studies-11C-MGX-10S has multiple advantages, including its higher binding signal in inflamed tissues in the CNS and periphery and low background signal in healthy saline-treated subjects. The pronounced uptake of 11C-MGX-10S during inflammation, its high specificity for GPR84, and suitable pharmacokinetics strongly support further investigation of 11C-MGX-10S for imaging GPR84-positive myeloid cells associated with innate immune activation in animal models of inflammatory diseases and human neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Kalita
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Renesmee Chenting Kuo
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samira Hayee
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sara Marsango
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland,
U.K.
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Israt S. Alam
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mackenzie L. Carlson
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samantha T. Reyes
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Isaac M. Jackson
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Audrey Luo
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sydney C. Nagy
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland,
U.K.
| | - Frezghi Habte
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bin Shen
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michelle L. James
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Carlson ML, Jackson IM, Azevedo EC, Reyes ST, Alam IS, Kellow R, Castillo JB, Nagy SC, Sharma R, Brewer M, Cleland J, Shen B, James ML. Development and Initial Assessment of [ 18F]OP-801: a Novel Hydroxyl Dendrimer PET Tracer for Preclinical Imaging of Innate Immune Activation in the Whole Body and Brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:1063-1072. [PMID: 37735280 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Innate immune activation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of many diseases. While positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides a non-invasive means to visualize and quantify such immune responses, most available tracers are not specific for innate immune cells. To address this need, we developed [18F]OP-801 by radiolabeling a novel hydroxyl dendrimer that is selectively taken up by reactive macrophages/microglia and evaluated its ability to detect innate immune activation in mice following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. PROCEDURES OP-801 was radiolabeled in two steps: [18F]fluorination of a tosyl precursor to yield [18F]3-fluoropropylazide, followed by a copper-catalyzed click reaction. After purification and stability testing, [18F]OP-801 (150-250 μCi) was intravenously injected into female C57BL/6 mice 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of LPS (10 mg/kg, n=14) or saline (n=6). Upon completing dynamic PET/CT imaging, mice were perfused, and radioactivity was measured in tissues of interest via gamma counting or autoradiography. RESULTS [18F]OP-801 was produced with >95% radiochemical purity, 12-52 μCi/μg specific activity, and 4.3±1.5% decay-corrected yield. Ex vivo metabolite analysis of plasma samples (n=4) demonstrated high stability in mice (97±3% intact tracer >120 min post-injection). PET/CT images of mice following LPS challenge revealed higher signal in organs known to be inflamed in this context, including the liver, lung, and spleen. Gamma counting confirmed PET findings, showing significantly elevated signal in the same tissues compared to saline-injected mice: the liver (p=0.009), lung (p=0.030), and spleen (p=0.004). Brain PET/CT images (summed 50-60 min) revealed linearly increasing [18F]OP-801 uptake in the whole brain that significantly correlated with murine sepsis score (r=0.85, p<0.0001). Specifically, tracer uptake was significantly higher in the brain stem, cortex, olfactory bulb, white matter, and ventricles of LPS-treated mice compared to saline-treated mice (p<0.05). CONCLUSION [18F]OP-801 is a promising new PET tracer for sensitive and specific detection of activated macrophages and microglia that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac M Jackson
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E Carmen Azevedo
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samantha T Reyes
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rowaid Kellow
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessa B Castillo
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sydney C Nagy
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Ashvattha Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Younes K, Smith V, Johns E, Carlson ML, Winer J, He Z, Henderson VW, Greicius MD, Young CB, Mormino EC. Temporal tau asymmetry spectrum influences divergent behavior and language patterns in Alzheimer`s disease. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.10.23296836. [PMID: 37986964 PMCID: PMC10659470 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23296836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is crucial for advancing precision medicine and therapeutic strategies. The relationship between AD behavioral symptoms and asymmetry in spatial tau PET patterns is unknown. Braak tau progression implicates the temporal lobes early. However, the clinical and pathological implications of temporal tau laterality remain unexplored. This cross-sectional study investigated the correlation between temporal tau PET asymmetry and behavior assessed using the neuropsychiatric inventory, and composite scores for memory, executive function, and language; using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. In the entire cohort, continuous right and left temporal tau contributions to behavior and cognition were evaluated controlling for age, sex, education, and tau burden on the contralateral side. Additionally, a temporal tau laterality index was calculated to define "asymmetry-extreme" groups (individuals with laterality indices greater than two standard deviations from the mean). 858 individuals (age=73.9±7.7 years, 434(50%) females) were included, comprising 438 cognitively unimpaired (CU) (53.4%) and 420 impaired (CI) participants (48.9%). In the full cohort analysis, right temporal tau was associated with worse behavior (B(SE)=7.19 (2.9), p-value=0.01) and left temporal tau was associated with worse language (B(SE)=1.4(0.2), p-value<0.0001). Categorization into asymmetry-extreme groups revealed 20 right- and 27 left-asymmetric participants. Within these extreme groups, four patterns of tau PET uptake were observed: anterior temporal, typical AD, typical AD with frontal involvement, and posterior. Asymmetrical tau burden is associated with distinct behavioral and cognitive profiles. Behavioral and socioemotional measures are needed to understand right-sided asymmetry in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan Younes
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Viktorija Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Emily Johns
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Mackenzie L. Carlson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph Winer
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Christina B. Young
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Jackson I, Carlson ML, Beinat C, Malik N, Kalita M, Reyes S, Azevedo EC, Nagy SC, Alam IS, Sharma R, La Rosa SA, Moradi F, Cleland J, Shen B, James ML. Clinical Radiosynthesis and Translation of [ 18F]OP-801: A Novel Radiotracer for Imaging Reactive Microglia and Macrophages. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2416-2424. [PMID: 37310119 PMCID: PMC10326869 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful tool for studying neuroinflammatory diseases; however, current PET biomarkers of neuroinflammation possess significant limitations. We recently reported a promising dendrimer PET tracer ([18F]OP-801), which is selectively taken up by reactive microglia and macrophages. Here, we describe further important characterization of [18F]OP-801 in addition to optimization and validation of a two-step clinical radiosynthesis. [18F]OP-801 was found to be stable in human plasma for 90 min post incubation, and human dose estimates were calculated for 24 organs of interest; kidneys and urinary bladder wall without bladder voiding were identified as receiving the highest absorbed dose. Following optimization detailed herein, automated radiosynthesis and quality control (QC) analyses of [18F]OP-801 were performed in triplicate in suitable radiochemical yield (6.89 ± 2.23% decay corrected), specific activity (37.49 ± 15.49 GBq/mg), and radiochemical purity for clinical imaging. Importantly, imaging mice with tracer (prepared using optimized methods) 24 h following the intraperitoneal injection of liposaccharide resulted in the robust brain PET signal. Cumulatively, these data enable clinical translation of [18F]OP-801 for imaging reactive microglia and macrophages in humans. Data from three validation runs of the clinical manufacturing and QC were submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as part of a Drug Master File (DMF). Subsequent FDA approval to proceed was obtained, and a phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT05395624) for first-in-human imaging in healthy controls and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac
M. Jackson
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mackenzie L. Carlson
- Stanford
University Department of Bioengeneering, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Corinne Beinat
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noeen Malik
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mausam Kalita
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samantha Reyes
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - E. Carmen Azevedo
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sydney C. Nagy
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Israt S. Alam
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Ashvattha
Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, California 94065, United States
| | | | - Farshad Moradi
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey Cleland
- Ashvattha
Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, California 94065, United States
| | - Bin Shen
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michelle L. James
- Stanford
University Department of Radiology, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
University Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Welby JP, Benson JC, Lohse CM, Carlson ML, Lane JI. Increased Labyrinthine T1 Postgadolinium Signal Intensity Is Associated with the Degree of Ipsilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients with Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:317-322. [PMID: 36797029 PMCID: PMC10187814 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vestibular schwannomas are benign, generally slow-growing tumors, commonly presenting with hearing loss. Alterations in the labyrinthine signal are seen in patients with vestibular schwannoma; however, the association between imaging abnormalities and hearing function remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether labyrinthine signal intensity is associated with hearing in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of patients from a prospectively maintained vestibular schwannoma registry imaged in 2003-2017. Signal-intensity ratios of the ipsilateral labyrinth were obtained using T1, T2-FLAIR, and postgadolinium T1 sequences. Signal-intensity ratios were compared with tumor volume and audiometric hearing threshold data including pure tone average, word recognition score, and American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery hearing class. RESULTS One hundred ninety-five patients were analyzed. Ipsilateral labyrinthine signal intensity including postgadolinium T1 images was positively correlated with tumor volume (correlation coefficient = 0.17, P = .02). Among signal-intensity ratios, postgadolinium T1 was significantly positively associated with pure tone average (correlation coefficient = 0.28, P < .001) and negatively associated with the word recognition score (correlation coefficient = -0.21, P = .003). Overall, this result correlated with impaired American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery hearing class (P = .04). Multivariable analysis suggested persistent associations independent of tumor volume with pure tone average (correlation coefficient = 0.25, P < .001) and the word recognition score (correlation coefficient = -0.17, P = .02) but not hearing class (P = .14). No consistent significant associations were noted between noncontrast T1 and T2-FLAIR signal intensities and audiometric testing. CONCLUSIONS Increased ipsilateral labyrinthine postgadolinium signal intensity is associated with hearing loss in patients with vestibular schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Welby
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.W., J.C.B., J.I.L.)
| | - J C Benson
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.W., J.C.B., J.I.L.)
| | - C M Lohse
- Quantitative Health Sciences (C.M.L.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Otorhinolaryngology (M.L.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J I Lane
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.W., J.C.B., J.I.L.)
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7
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Carlson ML, Reyes ST, Jackson IM, Azevedo C, Alam IS, Nagy SC, Brewer M, Cleland J, Shen B, James ML. Novel hydroxyl dendrimer‐based PET tracer [
18
F]OP‐801 detects early‐stage neuroinflammation in 5XFAD mouse model with higher sensitivity than TSPO‐PET. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Shen
- Stanford University Stanford CA USA
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8
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Chaney AM, Jain P, Nagy SC, Cropper H, Reyes ST, Wu S, Dwivedi S, Azevedo C, Jackson IM, Carlson ML, James ML. Shedding light on innate immune dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease using a novel myeloid cell‐targeted PET imaging strategy. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haley Cropper
- Stanford University Stanford CA USA
- The University of Illinois Chicago Chicago IL USA
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9
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Jackson IM, Buccino PJ, Azevedo EC, Carlson ML, Luo ASZ, Deal EM, Kalita M, Reyes ST, Shao X, Beinat C, Nagy SC, Chaney AM, Anders DA, Scott PJH, Smith M, Shen B, James ML. Radiosynthesis and initial preclinical evaluation of [ 11C]AZD1283 as a potential P2Y12R PET radiotracer. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 114-115:143-150. [PMID: 35680502 PMCID: PMC10413622 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRO Chronic neuroinflammation and microglial dysfunction are key features of many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease and multiple sclerosis. While there is unfortunately a dearth of highly selective molecular imaging biomarkers/probes for studying microglia in vivo, P2Y12R has emerged as an attractive candidate PET biomarker being explored for this purpose. Importantly, P2Y12R is selectively expressed on microglia in the CNS and undergoes dynamic changes in expression according to inflammatory context (e.g., toxic versus beneficial/healing states), thus having the potential to reveal functional information about microglia in living subjects. Herein, we identified a high affinity, small molecule P2Y12R antagonist (AZD1283) to radiolabel and assess as a candidate radiotracer through in vitro assays and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of both wild-type and total knockout mice and a non-human primate. METHODS First, we evaluated the metabolic stability and passive permeability of non-radioactive AZD1283 in vitro. Next, we radiolabeled [11C]AZD1283 with radioactive precursor [11C]NH4CN and determined stability in formulation and human plasma. Finally, we investigated the in vivo stability and kinetics of [11C]AZD1283 via dynamic PET imaging of naïve wild-type mice, P2Y12R knockout mouse, and a rhesus macaque. RESULTS We determined the half-life of AZD1283 in mouse and human liver microsomes to be 37 and > 160 min, respectively, and predicted passive CNS uptake with a small amount of active efflux, using a Caco-2 assay. Our radiolabeling efforts afforded [11C]AZD1283 in an activity of 12.69 ± 10.64 mCi with high chemical and radiochemical purity (>99%) and molar activity of 1142.84 ± 504.73 mCi/μmol (average of n = 3). Of note, we found [11C]AZD1283 to be highly stable in vitro, with >99% intact tracer present after 90 min of incubation in formulation and 60 min of incubation in human serum. PET imaging revealed negligible brain signal in healthy wild-type mice (n = 3) and a P2Y12 knockout mouse (0.55 ± 0.37%ID/g at 5 min post injection). Strikingly, high signal was detected in the liver of all mice within the first 20 min of administration (peak uptake = 58.28 ± 18.75%ID/g at 5 min post injection) and persisted for the remaining duration of the scan. Ex vivo gamma counting of mouse tissues at 60 min post-injection mirrored in vivo data with a mean %ID/g of 0.9% ± 0.40, 0.02% ± 0.01, and 106 ± 29.70% in the blood, brain, and liver, respectively (n = 4). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of murine blood and liver metabolite samples revealed a single radioactive peak (relative area under peak: 100%), representing intact tracer. Finally, PET imaging of a rhesus macaque also revealed negligible CNS uptake/binding in monkey brain (peak uptake = 0.37 Standard Uptake Values (SUV)). CONCLUSION Despite our initial encouraging liver microsome and Caco-2 monolayer data, in addition to the observed high stability of [11C]AZD1283 in formulation and human serum, in vivo brain uptake was negligible and rapid accumulation was observed in the liver of both naïve wildtype and P2Y12R knockout mice. Liver signal appeared to be independent of both metabolism and P2Y12R expression due to the confirmation of intact tracer in this tissue for both wildtype and P2Y12R knockout mice. In Rhesus Macaque, negligible uptake of [11C]AZD1283 brain indicates a lack of potential for translation or its further investigation in vivo. P2Y12R is an extremely promising potential PET biomarker, and the data presented here suggests encouraging metabolic stability for this scaffold; however, the mechanism of liver uptake in mice should be elucidated prior to further analogue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Jackson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Pablo J Buccino
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - E Carmen Azevedo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie L Carlson
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Audrey S Z Luo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Emily M Deal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Mausam Kalita
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Samantha T Reyes
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Xia Shao
- Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center, Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, CA
| | - Corinne Beinat
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Sydney C Nagy
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Aisling M Chaney
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - David A Anders
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Mark Smith
- Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center, Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, CA
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurology & Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
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10
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Carlson ML, Toueg TN, Khalighi MM, Castillo J, Shen B, Azevedo EC, DiGiacomo P, Mouchawar N, Chau G, Zaharchuk G, James ML, Mormino EC, Zeineh MM. Hippocampal subfield imaging and fractional anisotropy show parallel changes in Alzheimer's disease tau progression using simultaneous tau-PET/MRI at 3T. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13:e12218. [PMID: 34337132 PMCID: PMC8319659 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized primarily by abnormal aggregation of two proteins, tau and amyloid beta. We assessed tau pathology and white matter connectivity changes in subfields of the hippocampus simultaneously in vivo in AD. METHODS Twenty-four subjects were scanned using simultaneous time-of-flight 18F-PI-2620 tau positron emission tomography/3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and automated segmentation. RESULTS We observed extensive tau elevation in the entorhinal/perirhinal regions, intermediate tau elevation in cornu ammonis 1/subiculum, and an absence of tau elevation in the dentate gyrus, relative to controls. Diffusion tensor imaging showed parahippocampal gyral fractional anisotropy was lower in AD and mild cognitive impairment compared to controls and strongly correlated with early tau accumulation in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates the potential for quantifiable patterns of 18F-PI2620 binding in hippocampus subfields, accompanied by diffusion and volume metrics, to be valuable markers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler N. Toueg
- Department of NeurologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Jessa Castillo
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Phillip DiGiacomo
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Gustavo Chau
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle L. James
- Department of NeurologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Benson JC, Carlson ML, Lane JI. Non-EPI versus Multishot EPI DWI in Cholesteatoma Detection: Correlation with Operative Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:573-577. [PMID: 33334855 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although multishot EPI (readout-segmented EPI) has been touted as a robust DWI sequence for cholesteatoma evaluation, its efficacy in disease detection compared with a non-EPI (eg, HASTE) technique is unknown. This study sought to compare the accuracy of readout-segmented EPI with that of HASTE DWI in cholesteatoma detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was completed of consecutive patients who underwent MR imaging for the evaluation of suspected primary or recurrent/residual cholesteatomas. Included patients had MR imaging examinations that included both HASTE and readout-segmented EPI sequences and confirmed cholesteatomas on a subsequent operation. Two neuroradiologist reviewers assessed all images, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. The ratio of signal intensity between the cerebellum and any observed lesion was noted. RESULTS Of 23 included patients, 12 (52.2%) were women (average age, 47.8 [SD, 25.2] years). All patients had surgically confirmed cholesteatomas: Six (26.1%) were primary and 17 (73.9%) were recidivistic. HASTE images correctly identified cholesteatomas in 100.0% of patients. On readout-segmented EPI sequences, 16 (69.6%) were positive, 5 (21.7%) were equivocal, and 2 (8.7%) were falsely negative. Excellent interobserver agreement was noted between reviews on both HASTE (κ = 1.0) and readout-segmented EPI (κ = 0.9) sequences. The average signal intensity ratio was significantly higher on HASTE than in readout-segmented EPI, facilitating enhanced detection (mean difference 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.8; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS HASTE outperforms readout-segmented EPI in the detection of primary cholesteatoma and disease recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Benson
- Department of Radiology (J.C.B., J.I.L.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.L.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J I Lane
- Department of Radiology (J.C.B., J.I.L.)
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12
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Panda A, Carlson ML, Diehn FE, Lane JI. Beyond Tympanomastoidectomy: A Review of Less Common Postoperative Temporal Bone CT Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:12-21. [PMID: 33184072 PMCID: PMC7814786 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative temporal bone imaging after surgical procedures such as ossiculoplasty, tympanomastoidectomy, cochlear implantation, and vestibular schwannoma resection is often encountered in clinical neuroradiology practice. Less common otologic procedures can present diagnostic dilemmas, particularly if access to prior operative reports is not possible. Lack of familiarity with the less common surgical procedures and expected postoperative changes may render radiologic interpretation challenging. This review illustrates key imaging findings after surgery for Ménière disease, superior semicircular canal dehiscence, temporal encephalocele repairs, internal auditory canal decompression, active middle ear implants, jugular bulb and sigmoid sinus dehiscence repair, and petrous apicectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panda
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.P., J.I.L., F.E.D.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.L.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - F E Diehn
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.P., J.I.L., F.E.D.)
| | - J I Lane
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.P., J.I.L., F.E.D.)
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13
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Carlson ML, Toueg T, Corso N, Khalighi M, DiGiacomo P, Zaharchuk G, James ML, Greicius MD, Mormino EC, Zeineh M. Fractional anisotropy and tau‐PET show parallel changes in amnestic AD, MCI, and controls in the medial temporal lobe. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.045305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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LoVerde ZJ, Shlapak DP, Benson JC, Carlson ML, Lane JI. The Many Faces of Persistent Stapedial Artery: CT Findings and Embryologic Explanations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 42:160-166. [PMID: 33154075 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Persistent stapedial artery is a vascular anomaly with both clinical and surgical implications. Because of its scarcity, however, it remains underrecognized on imaging. Presented here is a series of 10 cases, demonstrating characteristic CT findings associated with this vascular anomaly and its most common pathognomonic imaging signs. The variable morphologic configurations and their corresponding embryologic underpinnings are described. Clinical and surgical implications of this rare anomaly are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J LoVerde
- From the Department of Radiology (Z.J.L., D.P.S., J.C.B., J.I.L.)
| | - D P Shlapak
- From the Department of Radiology (Z.J.L., D.P.S., J.C.B., J.I.L.)
| | - J C Benson
- From the Department of Radiology (Z.J.L., D.P.S., J.C.B., J.I.L.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.L.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J I Lane
- From the Department of Radiology (Z.J.L., D.P.S., J.C.B., J.I.L.)
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15
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Carlson ML, DiGiacomo PS, Fan AP, Goubran M, Khalighi MM, Chao SZ, Vasanawala M, Wintermark M, Mormino E, Zaharchuk G, James ML, Zeineh MM. Simultaneous FDG-PET/MRI detects hippocampal subfield metabolic differences in AD/MCI. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12064. [PMID: 32694602 PMCID: PMC7374580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe is one of the most well-studied brain regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the spread of neurofibrillary pathology in the hippocampus throughout the progression of AD has been thoroughly characterized and staged using histology and other imaging techniques, it has not been precisely quantified in vivo at the subfield level using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we investigate alterations in metabolism and volume using [18F]fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) and simultaneous time-of-flight (TOF) PET/MRI with hippocampal subfield analysis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy subjects. We found significant structural and metabolic changes within the hippocampus that can be sensitively assessed at the subfield level in a small cohort. While no significant differences were found between groups for whole hippocampal SUVr values (p = 0.166), we found a clear delineation in SUVr between groups in the dentate gyrus (p = 0.009). Subfield analysis may be more sensitive for detecting pathological changes using PET-MRI in AD compared to global hippocampal assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Audrey P Fan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Steven Z Chao
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Minal Vasanawala
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Nuclear Medicine Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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16
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Jain P, Chaney AM, Carlson ML, Jackson IM, Rao A, James ML. Neuroinflammation PET Imaging: Current Opinion and Future Directions. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1107-1112. [PMID: 32620705 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathologic hallmark of numerous neurologic diseases, however, its exact role in vivo is yet to be fully understood. PET imaging enables investigation, quantification, and tracking of different neuroinflammation biomarkers in living subjects longitudinally. One such biomarker that has been imaged extensively using PET is translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Although imaging TSPO has yielded valuable clinical data linking neuroinflammation to various neurodegenerative diseases, considerable limitations of TSPO PET have prompted identification of other more cell-specific and functionally relevant biomarkers. This review analyzes the clinical potential of available and emerging PET biomarkers of innate and adaptive immune responses, with mention of exciting future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Jain
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aisling M Chaney
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mackenzie L Carlson
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Isaac M Jackson
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Anoushka Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California .,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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17
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Benson JC, Diehn F, Passe T, Guerin J, Silvera VM, Carlson ML, Lane J. The Forgotten Second Window: A Pictorial Review of Round Window Pathologies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 41:192-199. [PMID: 31831467 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The round window serves to decompress acoustic energy that enters the cochlea via stapes movement against the oval window. Any inward motion of the oval window via stapes vibration leads to outward motion of the round window. Occlusion of the round window is a cause of conductive hearing loss because it increases the resistance to sound energy and consequently dampens energy propagation. Because the round window niche is not adequately evaluated by otoscopy and may be incompletely exposed during an operation, otologic surgeons may not always correctly identify associated pathology. Thus, radiologists play an essential role in the identification and classification of diseases affecting the round window. The purpose of this review is to highlight the developmental, acquired, neoplastic, and iatrogenic range of pathologies that can be encountered in round window dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Benson
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., F.D., T.P., J.G., V.M.S., J.L.)
| | - F Diehn
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., F.D., T.P., J.G., V.M.S., J.L.)
| | - T Passe
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., F.D., T.P., J.G., V.M.S., J.L.)
| | - J Guerin
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., F.D., T.P., J.G., V.M.S., J.L.)
| | - V M Silvera
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., F.D., T.P., J.G., V.M.S., J.L.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.L.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J Lane
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., F.D., T.P., J.G., V.M.S., J.L.)
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18
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Zanoletti E, Mazzoni A, Martini A, Abbritti RV, Albertini R, Alexandre E, Baro V, Bartolini S, Bernardeschi D, Bivona R, Bonali M, Borghesi I, Borsetto D, Bovo R, Breun M, Calbucci F, Carlson ML, Caruso A, Cayé-Thomasen P, Cazzador D, Champagne PO, Colangeli R, Conte G, D'Avella D, Danesi G, Deantonio L, Denaro L, Di Berardino F, Draghi R, Ebner FH, Favaretto N, Ferri G, Fioravanti A, Froelich S, Giannuzzi A, Girasoli L, Grossardt BR, Guidi M, Hagen R, Hanakita S, Hardy DG, Iglesias VC, Jefferies S, Jia H, Kalamarides M, Kanaan IN, Krengli M, Landi A, Lauda L, Lepera D, Lieber S, Lloyd SLK, Lovato A, Maccarrone F, Macfarlane R, Magnan J, Magnoni L, Marchioni D, Marinelli JP, Marioni G, Mastronardi V, Matthies C, Moffat DA, Munari S, Nardone M, Pareschi R, Pavone C, Piccirillo E, Piras G, Presutti L, Restivo G, Reznitsky M, Roca E, Russo A, Sanna M, Sartori L, Scheich M, Shehata-Dieler W, Soloperto D, Sorrentino F, Sterkers O, Taibah A, Tatagiba M, Tealdo G, Vlad D, Wu H, Zanetti D. Surgery of the lateral skull base: a 50-year endeavour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:S1-S146. [PMID: 31130732 PMCID: PMC6540636 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-suppl.1-39-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Disregarding the widely used division of skull base into anterior and lateral, since the skull base should be conceived as a single anatomic structure, it was to our convenience to group all those approaches that run from the antero-lateral, pure lateral and postero-lateral side of the skull base as “Surgery of the lateral skull base”. “50 years of endeavour” points to the great effort which has been made over the last decades, when more and more difficult surgeries were performed by reducing morbidity. The principle of lateral skull base surgery, “remove skull base bone to approach the base itself and the adjacent sites of the endo-esocranium”, was then combined with function preservation and with tailoring surgery to the pathology. The concept that histology dictates the extent of resection, balancing the intrinsic morbidity of each approach was the object of the first section of the present report. The main surgical approaches were described in the second section and were conceived not as a step-by-step description of technique, but as the highlighthening of the surgical principles. The third section was centered on open issues related to the tumor and its treatment. The topic of vestibular schwannoma was investigated with the current debate on observation, hearing preservation surgery, hearing rehabilitation, radiotherapy and the recent efforts to detect biological markers able to predict tumor growth. Jugular foramen paragangliomas were treated in the frame of radical or partial surgery, radiotherapy, partial “tailored” surgery and observation. Surgery on meningioma was debated from the point of view of the neurosurgeon and of the otologist. Endolymphatic sac tumors and malignant tumors of the external auditory canal were also treated, as well as chordomas, chondrosarcomas and petrous bone cholesteatomas. Finally, the fourth section focused on free-choice topics which were assigned to aknowledged experts. The aim of this work was attempting to report the state of the art of the lateral skull base surgery after 50 years of hard work and, above all, to raise questions on those issues which still need an answer, as to allow progress in knowledge through sharing of various experiences. At the end of the reading, if more doubts remain rather than certainties, the aim of this work will probably be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zanoletti
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - A Mazzoni
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - A Martini
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - R V Abbritti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - E Alexandre
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - V Baro
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - S Bartolini
- Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Bernardeschi
- AP-HP, Groupe Hôspital-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neuro-Sensory Surgical Department and NF2 Rare Disease Centre, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - R Bivona
- ENT and Skull-Base Surgery Department, Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Bonali
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - I Borghesi
- Neurosurgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola (RA), Italy
| | - D Borsetto
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - R Bovo
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - M Breun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Julius Maximilians University Hospital Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - F Calbucci
- Neurosurgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola (RA), Italy
| | - M L Carlson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Caruso
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - P Cayé-Thomasen
- The Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Cazzador
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience DNS, Section of Human Anatomy, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - P-O Champagne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - R Colangeli
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - G Conte
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - D D'Avella
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - G Danesi
- ENT and Skull-Base Surgery Department, Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - L Deantonio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - L Denaro
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - F Di Berardino
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - R Draghi
- Neurosurgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola (RA), Italy
| | - F H Ebner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - N Favaretto
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - G Ferri
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | | | - S Froelich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - L Girasoli
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - B R Grossardt
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Guidi
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - R Hagen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, "Julius-Maximilians" University Hospital of Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - S Hanakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - D G Hardy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - V C Iglesias
- ENT and Skull-Base Surgery Department, Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Jefferies
- Oncology Department, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Jia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninh People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, China
| | - M Kalamarides
- AP-HP, Groupe Hôspital-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neuro-Sensory Surgical Department and NF2 Rare Disease Centre, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - I N Kanaan
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, KSA
| | - M Krengli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - A Landi
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - L Lauda
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - D Lepera
- ENT & Skull-Base Department, Ospedale Nuovo di Legnano, Legnano (MI), Italy
| | - S Lieber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - S L K Lloyd
- Department of Neuro-Otology and Skull-Base Surgery Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - A Lovato
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Audiology Unit, Padova University, Treviso, Italy
| | - F Maccarrone
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - R Macfarlane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Magnan
- University Aix-Marseille, France
| | - L Magnoni
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - D Marchioni
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | | | - G Marioni
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | | - C Matthies
- Department of Neurosurgery, Julius Maximilians University Hospital Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - D A Moffat
- Department of Neuro-otology and Skull Base Surgery, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Munari
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - M Nardone
- ENT Department, Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - R Pareschi
- ENT & Skull-Base Department, Ospedale Nuovo di Legnano, Legnano (MI), Italy
| | - C Pavone
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | | - G Piras
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - L Presutti
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - G Restivo
- ENT and Skull-Base Surgery Department, Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Reznitsky
- The Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Roca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - A Russo
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - M Sanna
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - L Sartori
- Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - M Scheich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, "Julius-Maximilians" University Hospital of Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - W Shehata-Dieler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, "Julius-Maximilians" University Hospital of Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - D Soloperto
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - F Sorrentino
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - O Sterkers
- AP-HP, Groupe Hôspital-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neuro-Sensory Surgical Department and NF2 Rare Disease Centre, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - A Taibah
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - M Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Tealdo
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - D Vlad
- Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy
| | - H Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninh People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, China
| | - D Zanetti
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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19
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Madhavan AA, Carr CM, Carlson ML, Lane JI. Imaging Findings Related to the Valsalva Maneuver in Head and Neck Radiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1987-1993. [PMID: 31727744 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Forced exhalation against a closed glottis, known as the Valsalva maneuver, is an important clinical diagnostic and therapeutic tool due to its physiologic effects. Several unique conditions and anatomic changes can occur with repetitive or acute changes in pressure from the Valsalva maneuver. We will discuss and review various pertinent head and neck imaging cases with findings resulting from induced pressure gradients, including the Valsalva maneuver. Additionally, we will demonstrate the diagnostic utility of the Valsalva maneuver in head and neck radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Madhavan
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.A.M., C.M.C., J.I.L.)
| | - C M Carr
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.A.M., C.M.C., J.I.L.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.L.C.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J I Lane
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.A.M., C.M.C., J.I.L.)
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20
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Benson JC, Krecke K, Geske JR, Dey J, Carlson ML, Van Gompel J, Lane JI. Prevalence of Spontaneous Asymptomatic Facial Nerve Canal Meningoceles: A Retrospective Review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1402-1405. [PMID: 31296524 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The prevalence of patent facial nerve canals and meningoceles along the facial nerve course is unknown. This study aimed to assess the frequency of such findings in asymptomatic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was completed of patients with high-resolution MR imaging of the temporal bone whose clinical presentations were unrelated to facial nerve pathology. Facial nerve canals were assessed for the presence of fluid along each segment and meningoceles within either the labyrinthine segment (fluid-filled distention, ≥1.0-mm diameter) or geniculate ganglion fossa (fluid-filled distention, ≥2.0-mm diameter). If a meningocele was noted, images were assessed for signs of CSF leak. RESULTS Of 204 patients, 36 (17.6%) had fluid in the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve canal and 40 (19.6%) had fluid in the geniculate ganglion fossa. Five (2.5%) had meningoceles of the geniculate ganglion fossa; no meningoceles of the labyrinthine segment of the canal were observed. No significant difference was observed in the ages of patients with fluid in the labyrinthine segment of the canal or geniculate ganglion compared with those without fluid (P = .177 and P = .896, respectively). Of the patients with a meningocele, one had a partially empty sella and none had imaging evidence of CSF leak or intracranial hypotension. CONCLUSIONS Fluid within the labyrinthine and geniculate segments of the facial nerve canal is relatively common. Geniculate ganglion meningoceles are also observed, though less frequently. Such findings should be considered of little clinical importance without radiologic evidence of CSF otorrhea, meningitis, or facial nerve palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Benson
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., K.K., J.I.L.)
| | - K Krecke
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., K.K., J.I.L.)
| | - J R Geske
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.R.G.)
| | - J Dey
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology (J.D., M.L.C.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology (J.D., M.L.C.)
| | - J Van Gompel
- Neurosurgery (J.V.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J I Lane
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.C.B., K.K., J.I.L.)
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21
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Mihal DC, Feng Y, Kodet ML, Lohse CM, Carlson ML, Lane JI. Isolated Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula: A Normal Anatomic Variant Not Associated with Sensorineural Hearing Loss. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2340-2344. [PMID: 30442698 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bony internal auditory canal diverticula are relatively common, occurring in approximately 5% of temporal bone CTs. Internal auditory canal diverticula have historically been considered incidental; however, a recent publication reported that internal auditory canal diverticula are associated with sensorineural hearing loss. The objective of this study was to further characterize this potential association in a large cohort of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1759 patients undergoing high-resolution temporal bone CT were collected during a 6-year interval, and audiometric data were obtained from those with internal auditory canal diverticula. To assess any association of isolated internal auditory canal diverticula with sensorineural hearing loss, we excluded from further analysis patients with concomitant otosclerosis and bilateral diverticula and those without audiometric data, leaving 22 index cases. Audiometric data for the ear with a diverticulum was compared with that in the contralateral ear, to serve as an internal control. RESULTS Of 1759 patients, 82 (4.7%) had either unilateral (n = 33, 40%) or bilateral (n = 49, 60%) internal auditory canal diverticula. The co-incidence of otosclerosis and internal auditory canal diverticula was 34% (n = 28). There was no correlation between patient age and diverticulum size on either side. Among the index cases with isolated unilateral internal auditory canal diverticula and complete audiometric data, word recognition scores and the prevalence and severity of sensorineural hearing loss were not significantly different comparing the internal auditory canal diverticulum side to its contralateral control. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find a statistically significant association between ears with internal auditory canal diverticula and worsening sensorineural hearing loss or word recognition. Internal auditory canal diverticula most likely represent a normal anatomic variant in ears without otosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Mihal
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.C.M., J.I.L.)
| | - Y Feng
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Y.F., M.L.K., M.L.C.)
| | - M L Kodet
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Y.F., M.L.K., M.L.C.)
| | - C M Lohse
- Health Sciences Research (C.M.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M L Carlson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Y.F., M.L.K., M.L.C.)
| | - J I Lane
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.C.M., J.I.L.)
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22
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Zhou W, Lane JI, Carlson ML, Bruesewitz MR, Witte RJ, Koeller KK, Eckel LJ, Carter RE, McCollough CH, Leng S. Comparison of a Photon-Counting-Detector CT with an Energy-Integrating-Detector CT for Temporal Bone Imaging: A Cadaveric Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1733-1738. [PMID: 30093479 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evaluating abnormalities of the temporal bone requires high-spatial-resolution CT imaging. Our aim was to assess the performance of photon-counting-detector ultra-high-resolution acquisitions for temporal bone imaging and compare the results with those of energy-integrating-detector ultra-high-resolution acquisitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phantom studies were conducted to quantify spatial resolution of the ultra-high-resolution mode on a prototype photon-counting-detector CT scanner and an energy-integrating-detector CT scanner that uses a comb filter. Ten cadaveric temporal bones were scanned on both systems with the radiation dose matched to that of the clinical examinations. Images were reconstructed using a sharp kernel, 0.6-mm (minimum) thickness for energy-integrating-detector CT, and 0.6- and 0.25-mm (minimum) thicknesses for photon-counting-detector CT. Image noise was measured and compared using adjusted 1-way ANOVA. Images were reviewed blindly by 3 neuroradiologists to assess the incudomallear joint, stapes footplate, modiolus, and overall image quality. The ranking results for each specimen and protocol were compared using the Friedman test. The Krippendorff α was used for interreader agreement. RESULTS Photon-counting-detector CT showed an increase of in-plane resolution compared with energy-integrating-detector CT. At the same thickness (0.6 mm), images from photon-counting-detector CT had significantly lower (P < .001) image noise compared with energy-integrating-detector CT. Readers preferred the photon-counting-detector CT images to the energy-integrating-detector images for all 3 temporal bone structures. A moderate interreader agreement was observed with the Krippendorff α = 0.50. For overall image quality, photon-counting-detector CT image sets were ranked significantly higher than images from energy-integrating-detector CT (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated substantially better delineation of fine anatomy for the temporal bones scanned with the ultra-high-resolution mode of photon-counting-detector CT compared with the ultra-high-resolution mode of a commercial energy-integrating-detector CT scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhou
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - J I Lane
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - M L Carlson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.L.C.)
| | - M R Bruesewitz
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - R J Witte
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - K K Koeller
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - L J Eckel
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - R E Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (R.E.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - C H McCollough
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - S Leng
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.Z., J.I.L., M.R.B., R.J.W., K.K.K., L.J.E., C.H.M., S.L.)
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23
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Carlson ML, McClatchy DM, Gunn JR, Elliott JT, Paulsen KD, Kanick SC, Pogue BW. Wide-field color imaging of scatter-based tissue contrast using both high spatial frequency illumination and cross-polarization gating. J Biophotonics 2018. [PMID: 29024450 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.2018.11.issue-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes the scatter-specific tissue contrast that can be obtained by high spatial frequency (HSF) domain imaging and cross-polarization (CP) imaging, using a standard color imaging system, and how combining them may be beneficial. Both HSF and CP approaches are known to modulate the sensitivity of epi-illumination reflectance images between diffuse multiply scattered and superficially backscattered photons, providing enhanced contrast from microstructure and composition than what is achieved by standard wide-field imaging. Measurements in tissue-simulating optical phantoms show that CP imaging returns localized assessments of both scattering and absorption effects, while HSF has uniquely specific sensitivity to scatter-only contrast, with a strong suppression of visible contrast from blood. The combination of CP and HSF imaging provided an expanded sensitivity to scatter compared with CP imaging, while rejecting specular reflections detected by HSF imaging. ex vivo imaging of an atlas of dissected rodent organs/tissues demonstrated the scatter-based contrast achieved with HSF, CP and HSF-CP imaging, with the white light spectral signal returned by each approach translated to a color image for intuitive encoding of scatter-based contrast within images of tissue. The results suggest that visible CP-HSF imaging could have the potential to aid diagnostic imaging of lesions in skin or mucosal tissues and organs, where just CP is currently the standard practice imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M McClatchy
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jonathan T Elliott
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Stephen C Kanick
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Profusa, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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24
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Carlson ML, McClatchy DM, Gunn JR, Elliott JT, Paulsen KD, Kanick SC, Pogue BW. Wide-field color imaging of scatter-based tissue contrast using both high spatial frequency illumination and cross-polarization gating. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201700104. [PMID: 28800205 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes the scatter-specific tissue contrast that can be obtained by high spatial frequency (HSF) domain imaging and cross-polarization (CP) imaging, using a standard color imaging system, and how combining them may be beneficial. Both HSF and CP approaches are known to modulate the sensitivity of epi-illumination reflectance images between diffuse multiply scattered and superficially backscattered photons, providing enhanced contrast from microstructure and composition than what is achieved by standard wide-field imaging. Measurements in tissue-simulating optical phantoms show that CP imaging returns localized assessments of both scattering and absorption effects, while HSF has uniquely specific sensitivity to scatter-only contrast, with a strong suppression of visible contrast from blood. The combination of CP and HSF imaging provided an expanded sensitivity to scatter compared with CP imaging, while rejecting specular reflections detected by HSF imaging. ex vivo imaging of an atlas of dissected rodent organs/tissues demonstrated the scatter-based contrast achieved with HSF, CP and HSF-CP imaging, with the white light spectral signal returned by each approach translated to a color image for intuitive encoding of scatter-based contrast within images of tissue. The results suggest that visible CP-HSF imaging could have the potential to aid diagnostic imaging of lesions in skin or mucosal tissues and organs, where just CP is currently the standard practice imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M McClatchy
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jonathan T Elliott
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Stephen C Kanick
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Profusa, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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25
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Wood CP, Hunt CH, Bergen DC, Carlson ML, Diehn FE, Schwartz KM, McKenzie GA, Morreale RF, Lane JI. Tympanic plate fractures in temporal bone trauma: prevalence and associated injuries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:186-90. [PMID: 23828114 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The prevalence of tympanic plate fractures, which are associated with an increased risk of external auditory canal stenosis following temporal bone trauma, is unknown. A review of posttraumatic high-resolution CT temporal bone examinations was performed to determine the prevalence of tympanic plate fractures and to identify any associated temporal bone injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed to evaluate patients with head trauma who underwent emergent high-resolution CT examinations of the temporal bone from July 2006 to March 2012. Fractures were identified and assessed for orientation; involvement of the tympanic plate, scutum, bony labyrinth, facial nerve canal, and temporomandibular joint; and ossicular chain disruption. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients (41.3 ± 17.2 years of age) had a total of 46 temporal bone fractures (7 bilateral). Tympanic plate fractures were identified in 27 (58.7%) of these 46 fractures. Ossicular disruption occurred in 17 (37.0%). Fractures involving the scutum occurred in 25 (54.4%). None of the 46 fractured temporal bones had a mandibular condyle dislocation or fracture. Of the 27 cases of tympanic plate fractures, 14 (51.8%) had ossicular disruption (P = .016) and 18 (66.6%) had a fracture of the scutum (P = .044). Temporomandibular joint gas was seen in 15 (33%) but was not statistically associated with tympanic plate fracture (P = .21). CONCLUSIONS Tympanic plate fractures are commonly seen on high-resolution CT performed for evaluation of temporal bone trauma. It is important to recognize these fractures to avoid the preventable complication of external auditory canal stenosis and the potential for conductive hearing loss due to a fracture involving the scutum or ossicular chain.
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26
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Gross BC, Carlson ML, Scheithauer B, Driscoll CLW, Moore EJ. A Synchronous Facial Nerve Schwannoma and Neurofibroma: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Laryngoscope 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Pélabon C, Carlson ML, Hansen TF, Yoccoz NG, Armbruster WS. Consequences of inter-population crosses on developmental stability and canalization of floral traits inDalechampia scandens(Euphorbiaceae). J Evol Biol 2003; 17:19-32. [PMID: 15000644 DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Congruence between changes in phenotypic variance and developmental noise in inter-population hybrids was analysed to test whether environmental canalization and developmental stability were controlled by common genetic mechanisms. Developmental stability assessed by the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA), and canalization by the within- and among-individual variance, were measured on several floral traits of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). Hybridization affected canalization. Both within- and among-individual phenotypic variance decreased in hybrids from populations of intermediate genetic distance, and strongly increased in hybrids from genetically distant populations. Mean-trait FA differed among cross-types, but hybrids were not consistently more or less asymmetric than parental lines across traits. We found no congruence between changes in FA and changes in phenotypic variance. These results suggest that developmental stability (measured by FA) and canalization are independently controlled. This study also confirms the weak relationship between FA and the breakdown of coadapted gene complexes following inter-population hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pélabon
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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28
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Abstract
The introduction and rapid spread of Drosophila subobscura in the New World two decades ago provide an opportunity to determine the predictability and rate of evolution of a geographic cline. In ancestral Old World populations, wing length increases clinally with latitude. In North American populations, no wing length cline was detected one decade after the introduction. After two decades, however, a cline has evolved and largely converged on the ancestral cline. The rate of morphological evolution on a continental scale is very fast, relative even to rates measured within local populations. Nevertheless, different wing sections dominate the New versus Old World clines. Thus, the evolution of geographic variation in wing length has been predictable, but the means by which the cline is achieved is contingent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Huey
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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29
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Baker JM, Bamford AI, Carlson ML, Mcculloch CE, Antczak DF. Equine trophoblast as an immunological target. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 2000:635-644. [PMID: 20681179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay was used to determine whether equine chorionic girdle cells are susceptible to lysis by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells primed in vitro against allogeneic lymphocytes. Classical cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against fresh or cultured trophoblast targets was demonstrated using peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonpregnant mares. Lysis of allogeneic (horse) and xenogeneic (donkey) lymphocyte targets was used as a control for trophoblast lysis. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specificity of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte reactions was determined using panels of MHC-typed target cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that the MHC class I antigens expressed on equine chorionic girdle cells are functional proteins, which can serve as targets for CD8+ allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, these findings indicate strongly that, at least in the in vitro assay used, MHC class I positive chorionic girdle cells do not display any mechanisms that can protect them from lysis by activated maternal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Baker
- Equine Genetics Center, James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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30
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Abstract
Experimentally, distal mutations in myoglobin substantially affect the contribution of fast and slow phases to picosecond geminate recombination of NO following flash photolysis. Earlier simulations of ligand diffusion among distal pocket mutants showed greatly differing rates of collisions between the ligands and the heme iron, suggesting that distal residues affect recombination by controlling ligand access to the iron [Gibson, Q. H., Regan, R., Elber, R., Olson, J. S., & Carver, T. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 22022-22034). In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of sperm whale myoglobin and mutations at positions 68 (E11) and 107 (G8) have been examined to investigate the structural mechanism that controls ligand diffusion and iron accessibility. Visualization of the distal ligand-accessible spaces shows a pattern of cavities (common to other hemoglobins and myoglobins) that fluctuate and interconnect due to protein motions. Access to the iron atom is highly sensitive to these fluctuations in the native structure, perhaps a reason for the strong conservation of distal residues. The positions of the helices surrounding the distal heme site were monitored to assess the involvement of more collective protein motions in ligand diffusion. Ligand migrations and collisions with the iron appear related to expansion of the distal protein matrix due to helix movements. The helices surrounding the distal site also make relative adjustments on the order of 0.5 A to accommodate the presence of a mobile diatomic ligand, suggesting a mechanism for communication between the heme site and the exterior of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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31
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Carlson ML, Regan R, Elber R, Li H, Phillips GN, Olson JS, Gibson QH. Nitric oxide recombination to double mutants of myoglobin: role of ligand diffusion in a fluctuating heme pocket. Biochemistry 1994; 33:10597-606. [PMID: 8075059 DOI: 10.1021/bi00201a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Picosecond recombination of nitric oxide to the double mutants of myoglobin, His64Gly-Val68Ala and His64Gly.Val68Ile, at E7 and E11, has been studied experimentally and by computation. It is shown that distal residues have a profound effect on NO recombination. Recombination in the mutants may be explained in terms of fluctuating free volume and structure of the heme pocket. The double mutants provide insight into the effects of free volume and steric hindrance on rates of ligand rebinding following photolysis. Water molecules of the first solvation shell replace surface residues deleted by mutation and can block apparent holes in the protein structure. Thus, water molecules extend the time required for ligands to escape significantly to a nanosecond time scale, which is much longer than would be expected for an open heme pocket. Both nearly exponential (G64A68) and markedly nonexponential (native and G64I68) kinetics are observed, a result at variance with expectation from the model of Petrich et al. [Petrich, J.W., Lambry, J.C., Kuczera, K., Karplus, M., Poyart, C., & Martin, J.L. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 3975-3987], which attributes nonexponential kinetics to proximal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853
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Veldhuis JD, Carlson ML, Johnson ML. The pituitary gland secretes in bursts: appraising the nature of glandular secretory impulses by simultaneous multiple-parameter deconvolution of plasma hormone concentrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:7686-90. [PMID: 2823271 PMCID: PMC299365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate patterns of endogenous hormone release, we have proposed a biophysical model in which measured hormone concentrations at any given instant reflect the operation of a suitable cumulation function (secretory input) convolved with an appropriate elimination mechanism (metabolic clearance). The cumulation function underlying a macroscopic hormone secretory burst can be represented by a random (Gaussian) distribution of instantaneous molecular secretory rates, which are centered with some finite and determinable standard deviation about a particular moment in time. The hormone elimination mechanism is described by a mono- or biexponential clearance function. The resultant convolution integral is solved by iterative nonlinear least-squares parameter estimation, in which all plasma hormone concentrations and their variances are considered simultaneously. Experiments with human endocrine time series revealed that the spontaneous secretory patterns of any of multiple distinct anterior pituitary hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone) can be described effectively by this parsimonious model. In addition, endogenous hormone disappearance rates determined by deconvolution agreed well with those reported earlier that were determined after exogenous hormone injections. Moreover, this model predicted that durations of underlying secretory impulses are extremely brief; i.e., the standard deviations of the Gaussian distributions of instantaneous secretory rates range from 4.5 min (luteinizing hormone) to 16 min (growth hormone) compared to plasma hormone concentration peaks of 90-140 min in duration. Accordingly, we conclude that observed physiological patterns of fluctuating plasma hormone concentrations can be accounted for by distinct, highly delimited, random bursts of hormone release separated by intervals of secretory quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Veldhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908
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Hussain Z, Carlson ML, Craig ID, Lannigan R. Efficacy of tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in rats. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985; 15:575-8. [PMID: 3874200 DOI: 10.1093/jac/15.5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was induced using dexamethasone in male Sprague-Dawley rats. After the first death due to Pn. carinii occurred, nine rats received 50 mg/kg/day tetroxoprim and 120 mg/kg/day sulphadiazine. Four additional rats were given no therapy and served as a positive control. All the surviving rats including five negative controls were sacrificed four weeks after the last positive control rat died. All four rats in the positive control group and two of nine in the treated group developed Pn. carinii pneumonitis, whereas none of the five negative controls had evidence of Pn. carinii infection. The difference between the treated and untreated rats was significant (P = 0.05). These results suggest that combination therapy with tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine is effective in the treatment of Pn. carinii pneumonitis in this animal model.
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Engelberg AL, Piacitelli GM, Petersen M, Zey J, Piccirillo R, Morey PR, Carlson ML, Merchant JA. Medical and industrial hygiene characterization of the cotton waste utilization industry. Am J Ind Med 1985; 7:93-108. [PMID: 3976666 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied 260 workers in the cotton waste utilization industry and 310 "blue-collar" control workers from nondusty industries in the same geographic area of the United States by respiratory symptom questionnaire and by pre- and postshift spirometry. We excluded 75 cotton workers and 75 control workers from statistical analysis because of prior hazardous occupational exposures. Plant-wide, 8-hour time-weighted average exposures ranged from 0.28 mg/m3 to 7.80 mg/m3. The overall prevalence of symptoms compatible with byssinosis was 5.9% in cotton workers and 4.7% in the controls. Cotton workers with less than 2 years of employment had a significantly greater prevalence of bronchitis than their control counterparts. The cotton workers with 2 years or more of employment had significantly greater prevalences of bronchitis, shift decrement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of greater than or equal to 10%, and FEV1/FEV1-predicted less than 80%, than their control counterparts. Regression analysis showed that for matched cotton and control workers, the percentage decrement in FEV1 over the shift was significantly greater for cotton workers; and that in all cotton workers, longevity in industry had a negative effect on the before-shift forced vital capacity (FVC). This study suggests that there are both acute and chronic effects of cotton exposure in the cotton waste utilization industry.
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Abstract
The mortality of white male farm laborers and farm operators in California for the years 1959 to 1961 was examined. Cause-specific mortality rates were calculated in order to identify diseases which might be of occupational importance. The mortality rate from respiratory diseases in the farm laborer groups (employees) was triple the rate in the farm management group (employers or self-employed individuals). Accidental deaths were also increased in the farm laborer group. Hazards of the agricultural industry which could contribute to accidents and respiratory disease were reviewed.
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