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Chatterjee S, Leach ST, Lui K, Mishra A. Symbiotic symphony: Understanding host-microbiota dialogues in a spatial context. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 161-162:22-30. [PMID: 38564842 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Modern precision sequencing techniques have established humans as a holobiont that live in symbiosis with the microbiome. Microbes play an active role throughout the life of a human ranging from metabolism and immunity to disease tolerance. Hence, it is of utmost significance to study the eukaryotic host in conjunction with the microbial antigens to obtain a complete picture of the host-microbiome crosstalk. Previous attempts at profiling host-microbiome interactions have been either superficial or been attempted to catalogue eukaryotic transcriptomic profile and microbial communities in isolation. Additionally, the nature of such immune-microbial interactions is not random but spatially organised. Hence, for a holistic clinical understanding of the interplay between hosts and microbiota, it's imperative to concurrently analyze both microbial and host genetic information, ensuring the preservation of their spatial integrity. Capturing these interactions as a snapshot in time at their site of action has the potential to transform our understanding of how microbes impact human health. In examining early-life microbial impacts, the limited presence of communities compels analysis within reduced biomass frameworks. However, with the advent of spatial transcriptomics we can address this challenge and expand our horizons of understanding these interactions in detail. In the long run, simultaneous spatial profiling of host-microbiome dialogues can have enormous clinical implications especially in gaining mechanistic insights into the disease prognosis of localised infections and inflammation. This review addresses the lacunae in host-microbiome research and highlights the importance of profiling them together to map their interactions while preserving their spatial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Chatterjee
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- Discipline Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kei Lui
- Department of Newborn Care, Royal Hospital for Women and Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Archita Mishra
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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2
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Jung KJ, Cho J, Yang MJ, Hwang JH, Song J. Exposure to polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate in early life dampens pulmonary damage compared to adult mice. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111134. [PMID: 38969276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) is a biocide of guanidine family that can cause a fatal lung damage if exposed directly to the lungs. No reports exist regarding the toxicity of PHMG-P in neonatal animals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine PHMG-P toxicity in neonatal and 8-week-old mice after they were intranasally instilled with 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 4.5 mg/kg PHMG-P. PHMG-P lung exposure resulted in more severe pulmonary toxicity in adult mice than in newborn mice. In the high-dose group of newborn mice, a minimal degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the lung were detected, whereas more severe pathological lesions including granulomatous inflammation, fibrosis, and degeneration of the bronchiolar epithelium were observed in adult mice. At day 4, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a potent chemokine for monocytes, was upregulated but recovered to normal levels at day 15 in newborn mice. However, increased CCL2 and IL-6 levels were sustained at day 15 in adult mice. When comparing the differentially expressed genes of newborn and adult mice through RNA-seq analysis, there were expression changes in several genes associated with inflammation in neonates that were similar or different from those in adults. Although no significant lung damage occurred in newborns, growth inhibition was observed which was not reversed until the end of the experiment. Further research is needed to determine how growth inhibition from neonatal exposure to PHMG-P affects adolescent and young adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Jung
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basci Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Jeonbuk Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongah Song
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wu T, Chen S, Zhu X, Ma J, Luo M, Wang Y, Tian Y, Sun Q, Guo X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Wu L. Dynamic regulation of innate lymphoid cell development during ontogeny. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00090-4. [PMID: 39159846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The helper-like ILC contains various functional subsets, such as ILC1, ILC2, ILC3 and LTi cells, mediating the immune responses against viruses, parasites, and extracellular bacteria, respectively. Among them, LTi cells are also crucial for the formation of peripheral lymphoid tissues, such as lymph nodes. Our research, along with others', indicates a high proportion of LTi cells in the fetal ILC pool, which significantly decreases after birth. Conversely, the proportion of non-LTi ILCs increases postnatally, corresponding to the need for LTi cells to mediate lymphoid tissue formation during fetal stages and other ILC subsets to combat diverse pathogen infections postnatally. However, the regulatory mechanism for this transition remains unclear. In this study, we observed a preference for fetal ILC progenitors to differentiate into LTi cells, while postnatal bone marrow ILC progenitors preferentially differentiate into non-LTi ILCs. Particularly, this differentiation shift occurs within the first week after birth in mice. Further analysis revealed that adult ILC progenitors exhibit stronger activation of the Notch signaling pathway compared to fetal counterparts, accompanied by elevated Gata3 expression and decreased Rorc expression, leading to a transition from fetal LTi cell-dominant states to adult non-LTi ILC-dominant states. This study suggests that the body can regulate ILC development by modulating the activation level of the Notch signaling pathway, thereby acquiring different ILC subsets to accommodate the varying demands within the body at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics/Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Maocai Luo
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujie Tian
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics/Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yunping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Li Wu
- School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China.
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4
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Grobben Y. Targeting amino acid-metabolizing enzymes for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1440269. [PMID: 39211039 PMCID: PMC11359565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1440269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the immune system's role in the detection and eradication of abnormal cells, cancer cells often evade elimination by exploitation of various immune escape mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is the ability of cancer cells to upregulate amino acid-metabolizing enzymes, or to induce these enzymes in tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells. Amino acids are fundamental cellular nutrients required for a variety of physiological processes, and their inadequacy can severely impact immune cell function. Amino acid-derived metabolites can additionally dampen the anti-tumor immune response by means of their immunosuppressive activities, whilst some can also promote tumor growth directly. Based on their evident role in tumor immune escape, the amino acid-metabolizing enzymes glutaminase 1 (GLS1), arginase 1 (ARG1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and interleukin 4 induced 1 (IL4I1) each serve as a promising target for immunotherapeutic intervention. This review summarizes and discusses the involvement of these enzymes in cancer, their effect on the anti-tumor immune response and the recent progress made in the preclinical and clinical evaluation of inhibitors targeting these enzymes.
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5
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Özçam M, Lynch SV. The gut-airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:492-506. [PMID: 38778224 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Communication between the gut and remote organs, such as the brain or the cardiovascular system, has been well established and recent studies provide evidence for a potential bidirectional gut-airway axis. Observations from animal and human studies indicate that respiratory insults influence the activity of the gut microbiome and that microbial ligands and metabolic products generated by the gut microbiome shape respiratory immunity. Information exchange between these two large mucosal surface areas regulates microorganism-immune interactions, with significant implications for the clinical and treatment outcomes of a range of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In this Review, we summarize the most recent data in this field, offering insights into mechanisms of gut-airway crosstalk across spatial and temporal gradients and their relevance for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özçam
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Gu W, Eke C, Gonzalez Santiago E, Olaloye O, Konnikova L. Single-cell atlas of the small intestine throughout the human lifespan demonstrates unique features of fetal immune cells. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:599-617. [PMID: 38555026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Proper development of mucosal immunity is critical for human health. Over the past decade, it has become evident that in humans, this process begins in utero. However, there are limited data on the unique features and functions of fetal mucosal immune cells. To address this gap, we integrated several single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing datasets of the human small intestine (SI) to create an SI transcriptional atlas throughout the human life span, ranging from the first trimester to adulthood, with a focus on immune cells. Fetal SI displayed a complex immune landscape comprising innate and adaptive immune cells that exhibited distinct transcriptional programs from postnatal samples, especially compared with pediatric and adult samples. We identified shifts in myeloid populations across gestation and progression of memory T-cell states throughout the human lifespan. In particular, there was a marked shift of memory T cells from those with stem-like properties in the fetal samples to fully differentiated cells with a high expression of activation and effector function genes in adult samples, with neonatal samples containing both features. Finally, we demonstrate that the SI developmental atlas can be used to elucidate improper trajectories linked to mucosal diseases by implicating developmental abnormalities underlying necrotizing enterocolitis, a severe intestinal complication of prematurity. Collectively, our data provide valuable resources and important insights into intestinal immunity that will facilitate regenerative medicine and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chino Eke
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Oluwabunmi Olaloye
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Human Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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7
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Larbi A. From Genesis to Old Age: Exploring the Immune System One Cell at a Time with Flow Cytometry. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1469. [PMID: 39062042 PMCID: PMC11275137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a highly complex and tightly regulated system that plays a crucial role in protecting the body against external threats, such as pathogens, and internal abnormalities, like cancer cells. It undergoes development during fetal stages and continuously learns from each encounter with pathogens, allowing it to develop immunological memory and provide a wide range of immune protection. Over time, after numerous encounters and years of functioning, the immune system can begin to show signs of erosion, which is commonly named immunosenescence. In this review, we aim to explore how the immune system responds to initial encounters with antigens and how it handles persistent stimulations throughout a person's lifetime. Our understanding of the immune system has greatly benefited from advanced technologies like flow cytometry. In this context, we will discuss the valuable contribution of flow cytometry in enhancing our knowledge of the immune system behavior in aging, with a specific focus on T-cells. Moreover, we will expand our discussion to the flow cytometry-based assessment of extracellular vesicles, a recently discovered communication channel in biology, and their implications for immune system functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Larbi
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, 22 Avenue des Nations, 93420 Villepinte, France;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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8
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Labeur-Iurman L, Harker JA. Mechanisms of antibody mediated immunity - Distinct in early life. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 172:106588. [PMID: 38768890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Immune responses in early life are characterized by a failure to robustly generate long-lasting protective responses against many common pathogens or upon vaccination. This is associated with a reduced ability to generate T-cell dependent high affinity antibodies. This review highlights the differences in T-cell dependent antibody responses observed between infants and adults, in particular focussing on the alterations in immune cell function that lead to reduced T follicular helper cell-B cell crosstalk within germinal centres in early life. Understanding the distinct functional characteristics of early life humoral immunity, and how these are regulated, will be critical in guiding age-appropriate immunological interventions in the very young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Labeur-Iurman
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - James A Harker
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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9
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Wang J, Han T, Zhu X. Role of maternal-fetal immune tolerance in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1399-1406. [PMID: 38724467 PMCID: PMC11188918 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Normal pregnancy is a contradictory and complicated physiological process. Although the fetus carries the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) inherited from the paternal line, it does not cause maternal immune rejection. As the only exception to immunological principles, maternal-fetal immune tolerance has been a reproductive immunology focus. In early pregnancy, fetal extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) invade decidual tissues and come into direct contact with maternal decidual immune cells (DICs) and decidual stromal cells (DSCs) to establish a sophisticated maternal-fetal crosstalk. This study reviews previous research results and focuses on the establishment and maintenance mechanism of maternal-fetal tolerance based on maternal-fetal crosstalk. Insights into maternal-fetal tolerance will not only improve understanding of normal pregnancy but will also contribute to novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, and premature birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, China
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10
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Mattar CN, Chew WL, Lai PS. Embryo and fetal gene editing: Technical challenges and progress toward clinical applications. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101229. [PMID: 38533521 PMCID: PMC10963250 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Gene modification therapies (GMTs) are slowly but steadily making progress toward clinical application. As the majority of rare diseases have an identified genetic cause, and as rare diseases collectively affect 5% of the global population, it is increasingly important to devise gene correction strategies to address the root causes of the most devastating of these diseases and to provide access to these novel therapies to the most affected populations. The main barriers to providing greater access to GMTs continue to be the prohibitive cost of developing these novel drugs at clinically relevant doses, subtherapeutic effects, and toxicity related to the specific agents or high doses required. In vivo strategy and treating younger patients at an earlier course of their disease could lower these barriers. Although currently regarded as niche specialties, prenatal and preconception GMTs offer a robust solution to some of these barriers. Indeed, treating either the fetus or embryo benefits from economy of scale, targeting pre-pathological tissues in the fetus prior to full pathogenesis, or increasing the likelihood of complete tissue targeting by correcting pluripotent embryonic cells. Here, we review advances in embryo and fetal GMTs and discuss requirements for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra N.Z. Mattar
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, Singapore 119228
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore, Singapore 138672
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, Singapore 119228
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Basak S, Mallick R, Navya Sree B, Duttaroy AK. Placental Epigenome Impacts Fetal Development: Effects of Maternal Nutrients and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:1860. [PMID: 38931215 PMCID: PMC11206482 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging on the role of maternal diet, gut microbiota, and other lifestyle factors in establishing lifelong health and disease, which are determined by transgenerationally inherited epigenetic modifications. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms may help identify novel biomarkers for gestation-related exposure, burden, or disease risk. Such biomarkers are essential for developing tools for the early detection of risk factors and exposure levels. It is necessary to establish an exposure threshold due to nutrient deficiencies or other environmental factors that can result in clinically relevant epigenetic alterations that modulate disease risks in the fetus. This narrative review summarizes the latest updates on the roles of maternal nutrients (n-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins) and gut microbiota on the placental epigenome and its impacts on fetal brain development. This review unravels the potential roles of the functional epigenome for targeted intervention to ensure optimal fetal brain development and its performance in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (B.N.S.)
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Boga Navya Sree
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (B.N.S.)
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Hansakon A, Angkasekwinai P. Arginase inhibitor reduces fungal dissemination in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis by promoting anti-cryptococcal immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111995. [PMID: 38581993 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Elevation of arginase enzyme activity in the lung contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases and infections. Inhibition of arginase expression and activity is able to alleviate those effects. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of arginase inhibitor in C. neoformans infection. In the pulmonary cryptococcosis model that was shown to recapitulate human infection, we found arginase expression was excessively induced in the lung during the late stage of infection. To inhibit the activity of arginase, we administered a specific arginase inhibitor, nor-NOHA, during C. neoformans infection. Inhibition of arginase reduced eosinophil infiltration and level of IL-13 secretion in the lungs. Whole lung transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that treatment with nor-NOHA resulted in shifting the Th2-type gene expression patterns induced by C. neoformans infection to the Th1-type immune profile, with higher expression of cytokines Ifng, Il6, Tnfa, Csf3, chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 and transcription factor Stat1. More importantly, mice treated with arginase inhibitor had more infiltrating brain leukocytes and enhanced gene expression of Th1-associated cytokines and chemokines that are known to be essential for protection against C. neoformans infection. Inhibition of arginase dramatically attenuated spleen and brain infection, with improved survival. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that inhibiting arginase activity induced by C. neoformans infection can modulate host immune response by enhancing protective type-1 immune response during C. neoformans infection. The inhibition of arginase activity could be an immunomodulatory target to enhance protective anti-cryptococcal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithap Hansakon
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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13
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DaMata JP, Zelkoski AE, Nhan PB, Ennis KHE, Kim JS, Lu Z, Malloy AMW. Dissociation protocols influence the phenotypes of lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations isolated from the neonatal lymph node. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368118. [PMID: 38756770 PMCID: PMC11097666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequencies and phenotypes of immune cells differ between neonates and adults in association with age-specific immune responses. Lymph nodes (LN) are critical tissue sites to quantify and define these differences. Advances in flow cytometry have enabled more multifaceted measurements of complex immune responses. Tissue processing can affect the immune cells under investigation that influence key findings. To understand the impact on immune cells in the LN after processing for single-cell suspension, we compared three dissociation protocols: enzymatic digestion, mechanical dissociation with DNase I treatment, and mechanical dissociation with density gradient separation. We analyzed cell yields, viability, phenotypic and maturation markers of immune cells from the lung-draining LN of neonatal and adult mice two days after intranasal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. While viability was consistent across age groups, the protocols influenced the yield of subsets defined by important phenotypic and activation markers. Moreover, enzymatic digestion did not show higher overall yields of conventional dendritic cells and macrophages from the LN. Together, our findings show that the three dissociation protocols have similar impacts on the number and viability of cells isolated from the neonatal and adult LN. However, enzymatic digestion impacts the mean fluorescence intensity of key lineage and activation markers that may influence experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarina P. DaMata
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amanda E. Zelkoski
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paula B. Nhan
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine H. E. Ennis
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Allison M. W. Malloy
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Pearson JA, Hu Y, Peng J, Wong FS, Wen L. TLR5-deficiency controls dendritic cell subset development in an autoimmune diabetes-susceptible model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333967. [PMID: 38482010 PMCID: PMC10935730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of the autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes (T1D), has been increasing worldwide and recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota are associated with modulating susceptibility to T1D. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) recognizes bacterial flagellin and is widely expressed on many cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), which are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). TLR5 modulates susceptibility to obesity and alters metabolism through gut microbiota; however, little is known about the role TLR5 plays in autoimmunity, especially in T1D. Methods To fill this knowledge gap, we generated a TLR5-deficient non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, an animal model of human T1D, for study. Results We found that TLR5-deficiency led to a reduction in CD11c+ DC development in utero, prior to microbial colonization, which was maintained into adulthood. This was associated with a bias in the DC populations expressing CD103, with or without CD8α co-expression, and hyper-secretion of different cytokines, both in vitro (after stimulation) and directly ex vivo. We also found that TLR5-deficient DCs were able to promote polyclonal and islet antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Interestingly, only older TLR5-deficient NOD mice had a greater risk of developing spontaneous T1D compared to wild-type mice. Discussion In summary, our data show that TLR5 modulates DC development and enhances cytokine secretion and diabetogenic CD4+ T cell responses. Further investigation into the role of TLR5 in DC development and autoimmune diabetes may give additional insights into the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Youjia Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Marquine S, Durand GA, Modenesi G, Khouadhria S, Piorkowski G, Badaut C, Canivez T, De Lamballerie X, Grard G, Klitting R. Sequence Data From a Travel-Associated Case of Microcephaly Highlight a Persisting Risk due to Zika Virus Circulation in Thailand. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:443-447. [PMID: 37561039 PMCID: PMC10873171 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus has been circulating in Thailand since 2002 through continuous but likely low-level circulation. Here, we describe an infection in a pregnant woman who traveled to Thailand and South America during her pregnancy. By combining phylogenetic analysis with the patient's travel history and her pregnancy timeline, we confirmed that she likely got infected in Thailand at the end of 2021. This imported case of microcephaly highlights that Zika virus circulation in the country still constitutes a health risk, even in a year of lower incidence. MAIN POINTS Here we trace the origin of travel-acquired microcephaly to Thailand, providing additional evidence that pre-American lineages of Zika virus can harm the fetus and highlighting that Zika virus constitutes a health threat even in a year of lower incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Marquine
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume André Durand
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Badaut
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Canivez
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Klitting
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
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16
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Barrozo ER, Seferovic MD, Hamilton MP, Moorshead DN, Jochum MD, Do T, O'Neil DS, Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Zika virus co-opts microRNA networks to persist in placental niches detected by spatial transcriptomics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:251.e1-251.e17. [PMID: 37598997 PMCID: PMC10840961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus congenital infection evades double-stranded RNA detection and may persist in the placenta for the duration of pregnancy without accompanying overt histopathologic inflammation. Understanding how viruses can persist and replicate in the placenta without causing overt cellular or tissue damage is fundamental to deciphering mechanisms of maternal-fetal vertical transmission. OBJECTIVE Placenta-specific microRNAs are believed to be a tenet of viral resistance at the maternal-fetal interface. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the Zika virus functionally disrupts placental microRNAs, enabling viral persistence and fetal pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN To test this hypothesis, we used orthogonal approaches in human and murine experimental models. In primary human trophoblast cultures (n=5 donor placentae), we performed Argonaute high-throughput sequencing ultraviolet-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation to identify any significant alterations in the functional loading of microRNAs and their targets onto the RNA-induced silencing complex. Trophoblasts from same-donors were split and infected with a contemporary first-passage Zika virus strain HN16 (multiplicity of infection=1 plaque forming unit per cell) or mock infected. To functionally cross-validate microRNA-messenger RNA interactions, we compared our Argonaute high-throughput sequencing ultraviolet-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation results with an independent analysis of published bulk RNA-sequencing data from human placental disk specimens (n=3 subjects; Zika virus positive in first, second, or third trimester, CD45- cells sorted by flow cytometry) and compared it with uninfected controls (n=2 subjects). To investigate the importance of these microRNA and RNA interference networks in Zika virus pathogenesis, we used a gnotobiotic mouse model uniquely susceptible to the Zika virus. We evaluated if small-molecule enhancement of microRNA and RNA interference pathways with enoxacin influenced Zika virus pathogenesis (n=20 dams total yielding 187 fetal specimens). Lastly, placentae (n=14 total) from this mouse model were analyzed with Visium spatial transcriptomics (9743 spatial transcriptomes) to identify potential Zika virus-associated alterations in immune microenvironments. RESULTS We found that Zika virus infection of primary human trophoblast cells led to an unexpected disruption of placental microRNA regulation networks. When compared with uninfected controls, Zika virus-infected placentae had significantly altered SLC12A8, SDK1, and VLDLR RNA-induced silencing complex loading and transcript levels (-22; adjusted P value <.05; Wald-test with false discovery rate correction q<0.05). In silico microRNA target analyses revealed that 26 of 119 transcripts (22%) in the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway were targeted by microRNAs that were found to be dysregulated following Zika virus infection in trophoblasts. In gnotobiotic mice, relative to mock controls, Zika virus-associated fetal pathogenesis included fetal growth restriction (P=.036) and viral persistence in placental tissue (P=.011). Moreover, spatial transcriptomics of murine placentae revealed that Zika virus-specific placental niches were defined by significant up-regulation of complement cascade components and coordinated changes in transforming growth factor-β gene expression. Finally, treatment of Zika virus-infected mice with enoxacin abolished placental Zika virus persistence, rescued the associated fetal growth restriction, and the Zika virus-associated transcriptional changes in placental immune microenvironments were no longer observed. CONCLUSION These results collectively suggest that (1) Zika virus infection and persistence is associated with functionally perturbed microRNA and RNA interference pathways specifically related to immune regulation in placental microenvironments and (2) enhancement of placental microRNA and RNA interference pathways in mice rescued Zika virus-associated pathogenesis, specifically persistence of viral transcripts in placental microenvironments and fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico R Barrozo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Maxim D Seferovic
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Hematology & Medical Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - David N Moorshead
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael D Jochum
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Trang Do
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Derek S O'Neil
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa A Suter
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
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17
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Ria F, Delogu G, Ingrosso L, Sali M, Di Sante G. Secrets and lies of host-microbial interactions: MHC restriction and trans-regulation of T cell trafficking conceal the role of microbial agents on the edge between health and multifactorial/complex diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:40. [PMID: 38216734 PMCID: PMC11071949 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Here we critically discuss data supporting the view that microbial agents (pathogens, pathobionts or commensals alike) play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases, but their role is concealed by the rules presiding over T cell antigen recognition and trafficking. These rules make it difficult to associate univocally infectious agents to diseases' pathogenesis using the paradigm developed for canonical infectious diseases. (Cross-)recognition of a variable repertoire of epitopes leads to the possibility that distinct infectious agents can determine the same disease(s). There can be the need for sequential infection/colonization by two or more microorganisms to develop a given disease. Altered spreading of infectious agents can determine an unwanted activation of T cells towards a pro-inflammatory and trafficking phenotype, due to differences in the local microenvironment. Finally, trans-regulation of T cell trafficking allows infectious agents unrelated to the specificity of T cell to modify their homing to target organs, thereby driving flares of disease. The relevant role of microbial agents in largely prevalent diseases provides a conceptual basis for the evaluation of more specific therapeutic approaches, targeted to prevent (vaccine) or cure (antibiotics and/or Biologic Response Modifiers) multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ria
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - G Delogu
- Mater Olbia Hospital, 07026, Olbia, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological, Basic, Intensivological and Perioperatory Sciences-Section of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del S Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - L Ingrosso
- Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
- European Program for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Sali
- Department of Biotechnological, Basic, Intensivological and Perioperatory Sciences-Section of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del S Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory and Infectivology Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Sante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 60132, Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Cheng Q, Chen M, Liu M, Wang F, Chen X, Sun W, Du Y, Wu H. Age-related genes USP2 and ARG2 are involved in the reduction of immune cell infiltration in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3582. [PMID: 37727011 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are large differences in clinical manifestations and biological markers between elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (EPRA, age >60) and younger patients with RA (YPRA, age ≤60), partly owing to variations in the immune system of different age groups. Here, we focused on the changes of immune cell infiltration in YPRA and EPRA. METHODS The R packages "ssGSEA" and "GSEA" were used to identify the changes in immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathways between the two groups. The R packages "WGCNA" and "DEseq2" were used to screen and verify age-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes were identified using Cytoscape and cytoHubba. Spearman correlation coefficient was conducted to evaluate correlations between hub age-related genes and immune cells. RESULTS Compared with 54 established YPRA, several immune cells and immune-related pathways were markedly decreased in 29 EPRA synovial tissues. Moreover, 78 age-related DEGs related to amino acid and glycosphingolipid synthesis and metabolism were identified. USP2 and ARG2 were verified to be upregulated in EPRA, signifying that these two genes could effectively distinguish YPRA and EPRA and have potential as biomarkers. In addition, we found that USP2 was significantly negatively correlated with B cells and monocytes, while there was a significant negative association between ARG2 and T cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study is the first to systematically analyze changes in immune cell infiltration between YPRA and EPRA patients and obtain hub age-related genes, which may provide the basis for illuminating the pathogenesis of EPRA and informing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Mahajan D, Kumar T, Rath PK, Sahoo AK, Mishra BP, Kumar S, Nayak NR, Jena MK. Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of Fetomaternal Tolerance for Successful Human Pregnancy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0010. [PMID: 38782369 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable event where the semi-allogeneic fetus develops in the mother's uterus, despite genetic and immunological differences. The antigen handling and processing at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy appear to be crucial for the adaptation of the maternal immune system and for tolerance to the developing fetus and placenta. Maternal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are present at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy and are believed to play a crucial role in this process. Despite numerous studies focusing on the significance of Mφs, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of DCs in fetomaternal tolerance during pregnancy, making it a relatively new and growing field of research. This review focuses on how the behavior of DCs at the maternal-fetal interface adapts to pregnancy's unique demands. Moreover, it discusses how DCs interact with other cells in the decidual leukocyte network to regulate uterine and placental homeostasis and the local maternal immune responses to the fetus. The review particularly examines the different cell lineages of DCs with specific surface markers, which have not been critically reviewed in previous publications. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact that even minor disruptions in DC functions can have on pregnancy-related complications and proposes further research into the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting DCs to manage these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deviyani Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Bidyut Prava Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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20
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Koren O, Konnikova L, Brodin P, Mysorekar IU, Collado MC. The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:35-45. [PMID: 38097774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development. In this Review, we aim to describe how the maternal microbiome shapes overall pregnancy-associated maternal, fetal and early neonatal immune systems, focusing on the existing evidence and highlighting current gaps to promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Waddington SN, Peranteau WH, Rahim AA, Boyle AK, Kurian MA, Gissen P, Chan JKY, David AL. Fetal gene therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:192-210. [PMID: 37470194 PMCID: PMC10799196 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Fetal gene therapy was first proposed toward the end of the 1990s when the field of gene therapy was, to quote the Gartner hype cycle, at its "peak of inflated expectations." Gene therapy was still an immature field but over the ensuing decade, it matured and is now a clinical and market reality. The trajectory of treatment for several genetic diseases is toward earlier intervention. The ability, capacity, and the will to diagnose genetic disease early-in utero-improves day by day. A confluence of clinical trials now signposts a trajectory toward fetal gene therapy. In this review, we recount the history of fetal gene therapy in the context of the broader field, discuss advances in fetal surgery and diagnosis, and explore the full ambit of preclinical gene therapy for inherited metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Waddington
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William H Peranteau
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley K Boyle
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Experimental Fetal Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna L David
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Régnier P, Vetillard M, Bansard A, Pierre E, Li X, Cagnard N, Gautier EL, Guermonprez P, Manoury B, Podsypanina K, Darrasse-Jèze G. FLT3L-dependent dendritic cells control tumor immunity by modulating Treg and NK cell homeostasis. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101256. [PMID: 38118422 PMCID: PMC10772324 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
FLT3-L-dependent classical dendritic cells (cDCs) recruit anti-tumor and tumor-protecting lymphocytes. We evaluate cancer growth in mice with low, normal, or high levels of cDCs. Paradoxically, both low or high numbers of cDCs improve survival in mice with melanoma. In low cDC context, tumors are restrained by the adaptive immune system through influx of effector T cells and depletion of Tregs and NK cells. High cDC numbers favor the innate anti-tumor response, with massive recruitment of activated NK cells, despite high Treg infiltration. Anti CTLA-4 but not anti PD-1 therapy synergizes with FLT3-L therapy in the cDCHi but not in the cDCLo context. A combination of cDC boost and Treg depletion dramatically improves survival of tumor-bearing mice. Transcriptomic data confirm the paradoxical effect of cDC levels on survival in several human tumor types. cDCHi-TregLo state in such patients predicts best survival. Modulating cDC numbers via FLT3 signaling may have therapeutic potential in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Régnier
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DMU3ID, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Vetillard
- Université de Paris Cité, Centre for Inflammation Research, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France; Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Bansard
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | | | - Xinyue Li
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Inserm, UMR_S1166, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Université de Paris Cité, Centre for Inflammation Research, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France; Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Katrina Podsypanina
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR3664, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Darrasse-Jèze
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
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23
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Locher V, Park S, Bunis DG, Makredes S, Mayer M, Burt TD, Fragiadakis GK, Halkias J. Homeostatic cytokines reciprocally modulate the emergence of prenatal effector PLZF+CD4+ T cells in humans. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164672. [PMID: 37856221 PMCID: PMC10721317 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of human prenatal adaptive immunity progresses faster than previously appreciated, with the emergence of memory CD4+ T cells alongside regulatory T cells by midgestation. We previously identified a prenatal specific population of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-positive (PLZF+) CD4+ T cells with heightened effector potential that were enriched in the developing intestine and accumulated in the cord blood of infants exposed to prenatal inflammation. However, the signals that drive their tissue distribution and effector maturation are unknown. Here, we define the transcriptional and functional heterogeneity of human prenatal PLZF+CD4+ T cells and identify the compartmentalization of T helper-like (Th-like) effector function across the small intestine (SI) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). IL-7 was more abundant in the SI relative to the MLNs and drove the preferential expansion of naive PLZF+CD4+ T cells via enhanced STAT5 and MEK/ERK signaling. Exposure to IL-7 was sufficient to induce the acquisition of CD45RO expression and rapid effector function in a subset of PLZF+CD4+ T cells, identifying a human analog of memory phenotype CD4+ T cells. Further, IL-7 modulated the differentiation of Th1- and Th17-like PLZF+CD4+ T cells and thus likely contributes to the anatomic compartmentalization of human prenatal CD4+ T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Locher
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Park
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel G. Bunis
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative and
- CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Makredes
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margareta Mayer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Trevor D. Burt
- Division of Neonatology and the Children’s Health & Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela K. Fragiadakis
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative and
- CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joanna Halkias
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative and
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24
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Donald K, Finlay BB. Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:735-748. [PMID: 37138015 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the immune maturation and health of an infant. One key player in this process is the gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human intestine. The diet, environment and medical interventions experienced by an infant determine the establishment and progression of the intestinal microbiota, which interacts with and trains the developing immune system. Several chronic immune-mediated diseases have been linked to an altered gut microbiota during early infancy. The recent rise in allergic disease incidence has been explained by the 'hygiene hypothesis', which states that societal changes in developed countries have led to reduced early-life microbial exposures, negatively impacting immunity. Although human cohort studies across the globe have established a correlation between early-life microbiota composition and atopy, mechanistic links and specific host-microorganism interactions are still being uncovered. Here, we detail the progression of immune system and microbiota maturation in early life, highlight the mechanistic links between microbes and the immune system, and summarize the role of early-life host-microorganism interactions in allergic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Donald
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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25
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Barten LJC, Zuurveld M, Faber J, Garssen J, Klok T. Oral immunotherapy as a curative treatment for food-allergic preschool children: Current evidence and potential underlying mechanisms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14043. [PMID: 38010006 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide rising prevalence of food allergy is a major public health concern. Standard care consists of allergen avoidance and rescue medication upon accidental exposure. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is increasingly being studied as a treatment option. Although desensitization (an increased reaction threshold) is often achieved during OIT, sustained unresponsiveness (SU; clinical nonreactivity after finishing OIT) is not achieved in most patients. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of OIT in children younger than 4 years of age (early = e-OIT) and have shown a much more favorable outcome in terms of SU development. Together with food allergy prevention studies, which have demonstrated high efficacy of early oral allergen exposure, the outcomes of e-OIT studies indicate an early-life window of opportunity to achieve SU, allowing unrestricted dietary intake. However, the underlying mechanism of the high effectiveness of e-OIT is not understood yet. Both cohort and OIT studies indicate early-life immune plasticity. An immature food-allergic response in the first years of life seems to be a major driver of this immune plasticity, along with a higher tolerogenic immunological state. Allergy maturation can likely be disrupted effectively by early intervention, preventing the development of persistent food allergy. Upcoming studies will provide important additional data on the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of e-OIT. Combined with immune mechanistic studies, this should inform the implementation of e-OIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke J C Barten
- Pediatric Allergy Treatment Center, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Zuurveld
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Faber
- Pediatric Allergy Treatment Center, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ted Klok
- Pediatric Allergy Treatment Center, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
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26
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Dhariwala MO, DeRogatis AM, Okoro JN, Weckel A, Tran VM, Habrylo I, Ojewumi OT, Tammen AE, Leech JM, Merana GR, Carale RO, Barrere-Cain R, Hiam-Galvez KJ, Spitzer MH, Scharschmidt TC. Commensal myeloid crosstalk in neonatal skin regulates long-term cutaneous type 17 inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560039. [PMID: 37873143 PMCID: PMC10592812 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Early life microbe-immune interactions at barrier surfaces have lasting impacts on the trajectory towards health versus disease. Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells are primary sentinels in barrier tissues, yet the salient contributions of commensal-myeloid crosstalk during tissue development remain poorly understood. Here, we identify that commensal microbes facilitate accumulation of a population of monocytes in neonatal skin. Transient postnatal depletion of these monocytes resulted in heightened IL-17A production by skin T cells, which was particularly sustained among CD4+ T cells into adulthood and sufficient to exacerbate inflammatory skin pathologies. Neonatal skin monocytes were enriched in expression of negative regulators of the IL-1 pathway. Functional in vivo experiments confirmed a key role for excessive IL-1R1 signaling in T cells as contributing to the dysregulated type 17 response in neonatal monocyte-depleted mice. Thus, a commensal-driven wave of monocytes into neonatal skin critically facilitates long-term immune homeostasis in this prominent barrier tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqdad O. Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Andrea M. DeRogatis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Joy N. Okoro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Victoria M. Tran
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Irek Habrylo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Allison E. Tammen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - John M. Leech
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Geil R. Merana
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Ricardo O. Carale
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kamir J. Hiam-Galvez
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Matthew H. Spitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
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27
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Sajdel-Sulkowska EM. The Impact of Maternal Gut Microbiota during Pregnancy on Fetal Gut-Brain Axis Development and Life-Long Health Outcomes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2199. [PMID: 37764043 PMCID: PMC10538154 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a critical role in physiological regulation throughout life and is specifically modified to meet the demands of individual life stages and during pregnancy. Maternal gut microbiota is uniquely adapted to the pregnancy demands of the mother and the developing fetus. Both animal studies in pregnant germ-free rodents and human studies have supported a critical association between the composition of maternal microbiota during pregnancy and fetal development. Gut microbiota may also contribute to the development of the fetal gut-brain axis (GBA), which is increasingly recognized for its critical role in health and disease. Most studies consider birth as the time of GBA activation and focus on postnatal GBA development. This review focuses on GBA development during the prenatal period and the impact of maternal gut microbiota on fetal GBA development. It is hypothesized that adaptation of maternal gut microbiota to pregnancy is critical for the GBA prenatal development and maturation of GBA postnatally. Consequently, factors affecting maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, such as maternal obesity, diet, stress and depression, infection, and medication, also affect fetal GBA development and are critical for GBA activity postnatally. Altered maternal gut microbiota during gestation has been shown to have long-term impact postnatally and multigenerational effects. Thus, understanding the impact of maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy on fetal GBA development is crucial for managing fetal, neonatal, and adult health, and should be included among public health priorities.
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28
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Weckel A, Dhariwala MO, Ly K, Tran VM, Ojewumi OT, Riggs JB, Gonzalez JR, Dwyer LR, Okoro JN, Leech JM, Bacino MS, Cho GD, Merana G, Anandasabapathy N, Kumamoto Y, Scharschmidt TC. Long-term tolerance to skin commensals is established neonatally through a specialized dendritic cell subgroup. Immunity 2023; 56:1239-1254.e7. [PMID: 37028427 PMCID: PMC10330031 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life establishment of tolerance to commensal bacteria at barrier surfaces carries enduring implications for immune health but remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that tolerance in skin was controlled by microbial interaction with a specialized subset of antigen-presenting cells. More particularly, CD301b+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in neonatal skin were specifically capable of uptake and presentation of commensal antigens for the generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. CD301b+ DC2 were enriched for phagocytosis and maturation programs, while also expressing tolerogenic markers. In both human and murine skin, these signatures were reinforced by microbial uptake. In contrast to their adult counterparts or other early-life DC subsets, neonatal CD301b+ DC2 highly expressed the retinoic-acid-producing enzyme, RALDH2, the deletion of which limited commensal-specific Treg cell generation. Thus, synergistic interactions between bacteria and a specialized DC subset critically support early-life tolerance at the cutaneous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Weckel
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miqdad O Dhariwala
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Ly
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Victoria M Tran
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oluwasunmisola T Ojewumi
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julianne B Riggs
- University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeanmarie R Gonzalez
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura R Dwyer
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joy N Okoro
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John M Leech
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margot S Bacino
- University of California, San Francisco, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace D Cho
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Geil Merana
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Meyer Cancer Center, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yosuke Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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29
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Vidal MS, Menon R. In utero priming of fetal immune activation: Myths and mechanisms. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 157:103922. [PMID: 36913842 PMCID: PMC10205680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of fetal immune system development in utero remain incompletely elucidated. Protective immunity, the arm of reproductive immunology concerned with the progressive education of the fetal immune system as pregnancy advances, allows for programming of the immune system and immune maturation in utero and provides a responsive system to respond to rapid microbial and other antigenic exposure ex utero. Challenges in studying fetal tissues, immune system development, and the contributions of various endogenous and exogenous factors to this process are difficult to study as a progressive sampling of fetal biological samples is impractical during pregnancy, and animal models are limited. This review provides a summary of mechanisms of protective immunity and how it has been shaped, from transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins, cytokines, metabolites, as well as antigenic microchimeric cells to perhaps more controversial notions of materno-fetal transfer of bacteria that subsequently organize into microbiomes within the fetal tissues. This review will also provide a quick overview of future direction in the area of research on fetal immune system development and discusses methods to visualize fetal immune populations and determine fetal immune functions, as well as a quick look into appropriate models for studying fetal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S Vidal
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA.
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30
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Kandasamy K, Johana NB, Tan LG, Tan Y, Yeo JSL, Yusof NNB, Li Z, Koh J, Ginhoux F, Chan JKY, Choolani M, Mattar CNZ. Maternal dendritic cells influence fetal allograft response following murine in-utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:136. [PMID: 37226255 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (IUT), potentially curative in congenital haematological disease, is often inhibited by deleterious immune responses to donor cells resulting in subtherapeutic donor cell chimerism (DCC). Microchimerism of maternal immune cells (MMc) trafficked into transplanted recipients across the placenta may directly influence donor-specific alloresponsiveness, limiting DCC. We hypothesized that dendritic cells (DC) among trafficked MMc influence the development of tolerogenic or immunogenic responses towards donor cells, and investigated if maternal DC-depletion reduced recipient alloresponsiveness and enhanced DCC. METHODS Using transgenic CD11c.DTR (C57BL/6) female mice enabled transient maternal DC-depletion with a single dose of diphtheria toxin (DT). CD11c.DTR females and BALB/c males were cross-mated, producing hybrid pups. IUT was performed at E14 following maternal DT administration 24 h prior. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells were transplanted, obtained from semi-allogenic BALB/c (paternal-derived; pIUT), C57BL/6 (maternal-derived; mIUT), or fully allogenic (aIUT) C3H donor mice. Recipient F1 pups were analyzed for DCC, while maternal and IUT-recipient immune cell profile and reactivity were examined via mixed lymphocyte reactivity functional assays. T- and B-cell receptor repertoire diversity in maternal and recipient cells were examined following donor cell exposure. RESULTS DCC was highest and MMc was lowest following pIUT. In contrast, aIUT recipients had the lowest DCC and the highest MMc. In groups that were not DC-depleted, maternal cells trafficked post-IUT displayed reduced TCR & BCR clonotype diversity, while clonotype diversity was restored when dams were DC-depleted. Additionally, recipients displayed increased expression of regulatory T-cells and immune-inhibitory proteins, with reduced proinflammatory cytokine and donor-specific antibody production. DC-depletion did not impact initial donor chimerism. Postnatal transplantation without immunosuppression of paternal donor cells did not increase DCC in pIUT recipients; however there were no donor-specific antibody production or immune cell changes. CONCLUSIONS Though maternal DC depletion did not improve DCC, we show for the first time that MMc influences donor-specific alloresponsiveness, possibly by expanding alloreactive clonotypes, and depleting maternal DC promotes and maintains acquired tolerance to donor cells independent of DCC, presenting a novel approach to enhancing donor cell tolerance following IUT. This may have value when planning repeat HSC transplantations to treat haemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Kandasamy
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | | | - Lay Geok Tan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Tan
- Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julie Su Li Yeo
- Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Nazneen Binte Yusof
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Zhihui Li
- Genome Research Informatics and Data Science Platform, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiayu Koh
- Genome Research Informatics and Data Science Platform, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Citra N Z Mattar
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Cho J, Han SC, Ho Hwang J, Song J. Characterization of immune development of fetal and early-life of minipigs. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110310. [PMID: 37196561 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fetal and child's immune systems differ from those of adults. Developing immune systems exhibit increased or decreased sensitivity to drugs, infection, or toxicants compared to adult immune systems. Understanding fetal and neonatal immune systems will help predict toxicity or the pathogenesis or prognosis of diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether the innate and adaptive immune system of fetal and young minipigs could respond to external stimuli compared to a medium-treated group and analyzed several immunological parameters for developmental immunotoxicity according to developmental stages. We performed a hematological analysis of fetal cord bloods and the bloods of neonatal and 4-week-old piglets. Splenocytes were isolated at each developmental stage and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R848, and concanavalin A (ConA). Various cytokines were measured in the cell supernatants. Total antibody production was also evaluated in serum. The percentage of lymphocytes was dominant in gestational weeks (GW) 10 and 12 and started to decrease from postnatal day (PND) 0. From PND0, the percentage of neutrophils increased. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-α were induced from GW10 in response to LPS and R848 stimulation. Th1 cytokine induction was detected from PND0 upon ConA stimulation, whereas Th2 cytokine release was observed from GW10. IgM and IgG production was sustained at low levels at fetal stages and was significantly increased after birth. This study reconfirmed that the fetal immune system could respond to external stimuli and that hematological analysis, cytokine evaluation, and antibody subclass measurement can be useful parameters for developmental immunotoxicity using minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghee Cho
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Konyang University of Bioconvergence, Department of Bio-Non-Clinical Science, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongah Song
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Msallam R, Redegeld FA. Mast cells-fetal mast cells crosstalk with maternal interfaces during pregnancy: Friend or foe? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13943. [PMID: 37102389 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are hematopoietic immune cells that play a major role during allergic reactions in adults by releasing a myriad of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators. MC seed all vascularized tissues and are most prominent in organs with a barrier function such as skin, lungs, and intestines. These secreted molecules cause mild symptoms such as localized itchiness and sneezing to life-threatening symptoms (i.e., anaphylactic shock). Presently, despite the extensive research on Th2-mediated immune responses in allergic diseases in adults, we are still unable to determine the mechanisms of the role of MC in developing pediatric allergic (PA) disorders. In this review, we will summarize the most recent findings on the origin of MC and discuss the underappreciated contribution of MC in the sensitization phase to maternal antibodies during pregnancy in allergic reactions and other diseases such as infectious diseases. Then, we will lay out potential MC-dependent therapeutic strategies to be considered in future investigations to understand the remaining gaps in MC research for a better quality of life for these young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Msallam
- Next Gen of Immunology (NGIg) Consultancy, Dubai, UAE
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jardine L, Schim van der Loeff I, Haq IJ, Sproat TDR. Gestational Development of the Human Immune System. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:1-15. [PMID: 36410996 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Building an immune system is a monumental task critical to the survival of the fetus and newborn. A functional fetal immune system must complement the maternal immune system in handling in utero infection; abstain from damaging non-self-reactions that would compromise the materno-fetal interface; mobilize in response to infection and equip mucosal tissues for pathogen exposure at birth. There is growing appreciation that immune cells also have noncanonical roles in development and specifically may contribute to tissue morphogenesis. In this review we detail how hematopoietic and lymphoid organs jointly establish cellular constituents of the immune system; how these constituents are organized in 2 mucosal sites-gut and lung-where early life immune function has long-term consequences for health; and how exemplar diseases of prematurity and inborn errors of immunity reveal dominant pathways in prenatal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Ina Schim van der Loeff
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Iram J Haq
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D R Sproat
- Neonatal Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Richardson Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
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Riley JS, McClain LE, Stratigis JD, Coons BE, Bose SK, Dave A, White BM, Li H, Loukogeorgakis SP, Fachin CG, Dias AIBS, Flake AW, Peranteau WH. Fetal allotransplant recipients are resistant to graft-versus-host disease. Exp Hematol 2023; 118:31-39.e3. [PMID: 36535408 PMCID: PMC9898145 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) is an experimental treatment for congenital hemoglobinopathies, including Sickle cell disease and thalassemias. One of the principal advantages of IUHCT is the predisposition of the developing fetus toward immunologic tolerance. This allows for engraftment across immune barriers without immunosuppression and, potentially, decreased susceptibility to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We demonstrate fetal resistance to GVHD following T cell-replete allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation compared with the neonate. We show that this resistance is associated with elevated fetal serum interleukin-10 conducive to the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Finally, we demonstrate that the adoptive transfer of Tregs from IUHCT recipients to neonates uniformly prevents GVHD, recapitulating the predisposition to tolerance observed after fetal allotransplantation. These findings demonstrate fetal resistance to GVHD following hematopoietic cell transplantation and elucidate Tregs as important contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Riley
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lauren E McClain
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John D Stratigis
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barbara E Coons
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sourav K Bose
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Apeksha Dave
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brandon M White
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haiying Li
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Camila G Fachin
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andre I B S Dias
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alan W Flake
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William H Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
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Zhu Y, Chen J, Li J, Zhou C, Huang X, Chen B. Ginsenoside Rg1 as a promising adjuvant agent for enhancing the anti-cancer functions of granulocytes inhibited by noradrenaline. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1070679. [PMID: 36817446 PMCID: PMC9929943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, numerous studies have confirmed that chronic stress is closely related to the development of cancer. Our previous research showed that high levels of stress hormones secreted in the body during chronic stress could inhibit the cancer-killing activity of granulocytes, which could further promote the development of cancer. Therefore, reversing the immunosuppressive effect of stress hormones on granulocytes is an urgent problem in clinical cancer treatment. Here, we selected noradrenaline (NA) as a representative stress hormone. Methods and results After screening many traditional Chinese herbal medicine active ingredients, a promising compound, ginsenoside Rg1, attracted our attention. We verified the immunoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on granulocytes in vitro and ex vivo, and attempted to understand its potential immunoprotective mechanism. We confirmed the immunoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on granulocytes using cell and animal experiments. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and ex vivo experiments were performed to investigate the immunoprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the anti-cancer function of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Transcriptome sequencing analysis and qRT-PCR showed that NA elevated the mRNA expression of ARG2, MMP1, S100A4, and RAPSN in granulocytes, thereby reducing the anti-cancer function of granulocytes. In contrast, ginsenoside Rg1 downregulated the mRNA expression of ARG2, MMP1, S100A4, and RAPSN, and upregulated the mRNA expression of LAMC2, DSC2, KRT6A, and FOSB, thereby enhancing the anti-cancer function of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Transwell cell migration experiments were performed to verify that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly enhanced the migration capability of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Tumor-bearing model mice were used to verify the significant immunoprotective effects in vivo. Finally, CCK-8 and hematoxylin and eosin staining experiments indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited high biosafety in vitro and in vivo. Discussion In future clinical treatments, ginsenoside Rg1 may be used as an adjuvant agent for cancer treatment to alleviate chronic stress-induced adverse events in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Huang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Nunzi E, Mezzasoma L, Bellezza I, Zelante T, Orvietani P, Coata G, Giardina I, Sagini K, Manni G, Di Michele A, Gargaro M, Talesa VN, Di Renzo GC, Fallarino F, Romani R. Microbiota-Associated HAF-EVs Regulate Monocytes by Triggering or Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032527. [PMID: 36768851 PMCID: PMC9916438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In pregnancy, human amniotic fluid extracellular vesicles (HAF-EVs) exert anti-inflammatory effects on T cells and on monocytes, supporting their immunoregulatory roles. The specific mechanisms are still not completely defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of HAF-EVs, isolated from pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis and purified by gradient ultracentrifugation, to affect inflammasome activation in the human monocytes. Proteomic studies revealed that HAF-EV samples expressed several immunoregulatory molecules as well as small amounts of endotoxin. Surprisingly, metagenomic analysis shows the presence of specific bacterial strain variants associated with HAF-EVs as potential sources of the endotoxin. Remarkably, we showed that a single treatment of THP-1 cells with HAF-EVs triggered inflammasome activation, whereas the same treatment followed by LPS and ATP sensitization prevented inflammasome activation, a pathway resembling monocyte refractories. A bioinformatics analysis of microbiota-HAF-EVs functional pathways confirmed the presence of enzymes for endotoxin biosynthesis as well as others associated with immunoregulatory functions. Overall, these data suggest that HAF-EVs could serve as a source of the isolation of a specific microbiota during early pregnancy. Moreover, HAF-EVs could act as a novel system to balance immune training and tolerance by modulating the inflammasome in monocytes or other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Letizia Mezzasoma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Orvietani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Coata
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Giardina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Perugia, Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Krizia Sagini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo N. Talesa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology IM Sechenov First State University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Rita Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (R.R.)
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37
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van de Pavert SA. Layered origins of lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:71-78. [PMID: 36705244 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Innate Lymphoid Cell (ILC) family is a relatively recently described immune cell family involved in innate immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Lymphoid Tissue Inducer (LTi) cells are part of the type 3 (ILC3) family. The ILC3 family is the main ILC population within the embryo, in which the LTi cells are critically associated with embryonic lymph node formation. Recent studies have shown more insights in ILC origin and residency from local embryonic and tissue resident precursors. Embryonic LTi cells originating from a different hemogenic endothelial source were shown to be replaced by HSC derived progenitors in adult. This review will discuss the layered origin of the ILC3 family with an emphasis on the LTi cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A van de Pavert
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
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38
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Zhang M, Yang X, Zhang Y, Dong T, Bigambo FM, Chen D, Aase H, Wang X, Xia Y. Gestational Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Alters Neonatal Cytokines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:79-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Danrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Heidi Aase
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Child Health and Development, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Tang K, Zhang H, Deng J, Wang D, Liu S, Lu S, Cui Q, Chen C, Liu J, Yang Z, Li Y, Chen J, Lv J, Ma J, Huang B. Ammonia detoxification promotes CD8 + T cell memory development by urea and citrulline cycles. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:162-173. [PMID: 36471170 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid metabolism is essential for cell survival, while the byproduct ammonia is toxic and can injure cellular longevity. Here we show that CD8+ memory T (TM) cells mobilize the carbamoyl phosphate (CP) metabolic pathway to clear ammonia, thus promoting memory development. CD8+ TM cells use β-hydroxybutyrylation to upregulate CP synthetase 1 and trigger the CP metabolic cascade to form arginine in the cytosol. This cytosolic arginine is then translocated into the mitochondria where it is split by arginase 2 to urea and ornithine. Cytosolic arginine is also converted to nitric oxide and citrulline by nitric oxide synthases. Thus, both the urea and citrulline cycles are employed by CD8+ T cells to clear ammonia and enable memory development. This ammonia clearance machinery might be targeted to improve T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghui Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dianheng Wang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shichuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuya Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingfa Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoshun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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40
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Perna-Barrull D, Gomez-Muñoz L, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Gieras A, Ampudia-Carrasco RM, Almenara-Fuentes L, Risueño RM, Querol S, Tolosa E, Vives-Pi M. Impact of Betamethasone Pretreatment on Engrafment of Cord Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:1. [PMID: 36528821 PMCID: PMC9760591 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is crucial to cure hematologic malignancies. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a source of stem cells, but 90% of UCB units are discarded due to low cellularity. Improving the engraftment capacities of CD34+ stem cells would allow the use of UCB that were so far rejected. Betamethasone induces long-term transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in immune cells through glucocorticoid receptor. We hypothesize that discarded UCB could be used owing to improvements induced by betamethasone. Isolated CD34+ HSC from UCB were exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoids betamethasone and fluticasone for 20 h, and cell phenotype was determined before transplantation. NSG mice were sub-lethally irradiated (1 Gy or 2 Gy) 6 h before intravenously transferring 2-5 × 105 CD34+ HSC. The peripheral blood engraftment levels and the leukocyte subsets were followed up for 20 weeks using flow cytometry. At end point, the engraftment and leukocyte subsets were determined in the spleen and bone marrow. We demonstrated that betamethasone has surprising effects in recovering immune system homeostasis. Betamethasone and fluticasone increase CXCR4 and decrease HLA class II and CD54 expression in CD34+ HSCs. Both glucocorticoids-exposed cells showed a similar engraftment in 2 Gy-irradiated NSG mice. Interestingly, betamethasone-exposed cells showed enhanced engraftment in 1 Gy-irradiated NSG mice, with a trend to increase regulatory T cell percentage when compared to control. Betamethasone induces alterations in CD34+ HSCs and improve the engraftment, leading to a faster immune system recovery, which will contribute to engrafted cells survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perna-Barrull
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Gieras
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosa M. Ampudia-Carrasco
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Ruth M. Risueño
- grid.429289.cJosep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus IGTP-ICO, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergi Querol
- grid.438280.5Cell Therapy Services and Cord Blood Bank, Catalan Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Tolosa
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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41
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Kennedy KM, de Goffau MC, Perez-Muñoz ME, Arrieta MC, Bäckhed F, Bork P, Braun T, Bushman FD, Dore J, de Vos WM, Earl AM, Eisen JA, Elovitz MA, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Gänzle MG, Garrett WS, Hall LJ, Hornef MW, Huttenhower C, Konnikova L, Lebeer S, Macpherson AJ, Massey RC, McHardy AC, Koren O, Lawley TD, Ley RE, O'Mahony L, O'Toole PW, Pamer EG, Parkhill J, Raes J, Rattei T, Salonen A, Segal E, Segata N, Shanahan F, Sloboda DM, Smith GCS, Sokol H, Spector TD, Surette MG, Tannock GW, Walker AW, Yassour M, Walter J. Questioning the fetal microbiome illustrates pitfalls of low-biomass microbial studies. Nature 2023; 613:639-649. [PMID: 36697862 PMCID: PMC11333990 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Whether the human fetus and the prenatal intrauterine environment (amniotic fluid and placenta) are stably colonized by microbial communities in a healthy pregnancy remains a subject of debate. Here we evaluate recent studies that characterized microbial populations in human fetuses from the perspectives of reproductive biology, microbial ecology, bioinformatics, immunology, clinical microbiology and gnotobiology, and assess possible mechanisms by which the fetus might interact with microorganisms. Our analysis indicates that the detected microbial signals are likely the result of contamination during the clinical procedures to obtain fetal samples or during DNA extraction and DNA sequencing. Furthermore, the existence of live and replicating microbial populations in healthy fetal tissues is not compatible with fundamental concepts of immunology, clinical microbiology and the derivation of germ-free mammals. These conclusions are important to our understanding of human immune development and illustrate common pitfalls in the microbial analyses of many other low-biomass environments. The pursuit of a fetal microbiome serves as a cautionary example of the challenges of sequence-based microbiome studies when biomass is low or absent, and emphasizes the need for a trans-disciplinary approach that goes beyond contamination controls by also incorporating biological, ecological and mechanistic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Department of Obstetrics and Experimental Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Dore
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, AgroParisTech, MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Eisen
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth C Massey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alice Carolyn McHardy
- Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover Braunschweig site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeroen Raes
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eran Segal
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, INSERM and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald W Tannock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alan W Walker
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Moran Yassour
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Elahi Z, Angel PW, Butcher SK, Rajab N, Choi J, Deng Y, Mintern JD, Radford K, Wells CA. The Human Dendritic Cell Atlas: An Integrated Transcriptional Tool to Study Human Dendritic Cell Biology. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2352–2361. [PMID: 36427009 PMCID: PMC9719841 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are functionally diverse and are present in most adult tissues, but deep understanding of human DC biology is hampered by relatively small numbers of these in circulation and their short lifespan in human tissues. We built a transcriptional atlas of human DCs by combining samples from 14 expression profiling studies derived from 10 laboratories. We identified significant gene expression variation of DC subset-defining markers across tissue type and upon viral or bacterial stimulation. We further highlight critical gaps between in vitro-derived DC subsets and their in vivo counterparts and provide evidence that monocytes or cord blood progenitor in vitro-differentiated DCs fail to capture the repertoire of primary DC subsets or behaviors. In constructing a reference DC atlas, we provide an important resource for the community wishing to identify and annotate tissue-specific DC subsets from single-cell datasets, or benchmark new in vitro models of DC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Elahi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul W. Angel
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne K. Butcher
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Rajab
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jarny Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yidi Deng
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justine D. Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Kristen Radford
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christine A. Wells
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Ning J, Wang J, Zheng H, Peng S, Mao T, Wang L, Yu G, Liu J, Liu S, Zhang T, Ding S, Lu F, Chen X. Solely HBsAg intrauterine exposure accelerates HBV clearance by promoting HBs-specific immune response in the mouse pups. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1356-1370. [PMID: 35538876 PMCID: PMC9132461 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to perinatal mother-to-infant transmission (MTIT) remains a serious global public health problem. It has been shown that intrauterine exposure to HBV antigens might account for the MTIT-related chronic infection. However, whether hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) intrauterine exposure affected the offspring’s immune response against HBV and MTIT of HBV has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the effects and the potential mechanisms of the HBsAg intrauterine exposure on the persistence of HBV replication using a solely HBsAg intrauterine exposure mice model. Our results revealed that solely HBsAg intrauterine exposure significantly accelerated the clearance of HBV when these mice were hydrodynamically injected with pBB4.5-HBV1.2 plasmids after birth, which may be due to the increased number of HBs-specific CD8+ T cells and interferon-gamma secretion in the liver of mice. Mechanismly, HBsAg intrauterine exposure activated antigen-presenting dendritic cells, which led to the generation of antigen-specific cellular immunological memory. Our data provide an important experimental evidence for the activation of neonatal immune response by HBsAg intrauterine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang M, Li K, Qu S, Guo Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhou J, Ouyang G, Weng R, Li F, Wu Y, Yang X. Integrative analyses of maternal plasma cell-free DNA nucleosome footprint differences reveal chromosomal aneuploidy fetuses gene expression profile. J Transl Med 2022; 20:536. [PMID: 36401256 PMCID: PMC9673457 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal aneuploidy is the most common birth defect. However, the developmental mechanism and gene expression profile of fetuses with chromosomal aneuploidy are relatively unknown, and the maternal immune changes induced by fetal aneuploidy remain unclear. The inability to obtain the placenta multiple times in real-time is a bottleneck in research on aneuploid pregnancies. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) carries the gene expression profile information of its source cells and may be used to evaluate the development of fetuses with aneuploidy and the immune changes induced in the mother owing to fetal aneuploidy. Methods Here, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of the plasma cfDNA of 101 pregnant women carrying a fetus with trisomy (trisomy 21, n = 42; trisomy 18, n = 28; trisomy 13, n = 31) based on non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) screening and 140 normal pregnant women to identify differential genes according to the cfDNA nucleosome profile in the region around the transcription start sites (TSSs). Results The plasma cfDNA promoter profiles were found to differ between aneuploid and euploid pregnancies. A total of 158 genes with significant differences were identified, of which 43 genes were upregulated and 98 genes were downregulated. Functional enrichment and signaling pathway analysis were performed based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases found that these signal pathways were mainly related to the coordination of developmental signals during embryonic development, the control of cell growth and development, regulation of neuronal survival, and immune regulation, such as the MAPK, Hippo, TGF-β, and Rap1 signaling pathways, which play important roles in the development of embryonic tissues and organs. Furthermore, based on the results of differential gene analysis, a total of 14 immune-related genes with significant differences from the ImmPort database were collected and analyzed. These significantly different immune genes were mainly associated with the maintenance of embryonic homeostasis and normal development. Conclusions These results suggest that the distribution characteristics of cfDNA nucleosomes in maternal plasma can be used to reflect the status of fetal development and changes of the immune responses in trisomic pregnancies. Overall, our findings may provide research ideas for non-invasive detection of the physiological and pathological states of other diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03735-7.
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45
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Development of the immune system in the human embryo. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:951-955. [PMID: 35042957 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fetal immune system is highly specialized which is to generate both tolerogenic and protective immune responses to tolerate both self- and maternal-antigens. Fetal T cells with pro-inflammatory potential are born in a tolerogenic environment and are tightly controlled by both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. Fetal B-1 and B-2 B cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively, arise in staggered waves of development from distinct progenitors. Innate immune responses are the key to the protection against infection and adaptive immunity creates memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen. This review aims to discuss the recent advances in understanding the development of immune system in fetus. IMPACT: During gestation, essential developmental changes occur to survive the neonates. At early stage, developmental signals and changes may be influenced due to immune deficiencies.
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46
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Huang YJ, Porsche C, Kozik AJ, Lynch SV. Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Allergy and Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2244-2251. [PMID: 35724951 PMCID: PMC10566566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota has been established as a key regulator of host health, in large part owing to its constant interaction with and impact on host immunity. A range of environmental exposures spanning from the prenatal period through adulthood are known to affect the composition and molecular productivity of microbiomes across mucosal and dermal tissues with short- and long-term consequences for host immune function. Here we review recent findings in the field that provide insights into how microbial-immune interactions promote and sustain immune dysfunction associated with allergy and asthma. We consider both early life microbiome perturbation and the molecular underpinnings of immune dysfunction associated with subsequent allergy and asthma development in childhood, as well as microbiome features that relate to phenotypic attributes of allergy and asthma in older patients with established disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Cara Porsche
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Ariangela J Kozik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
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McCauley KE, Rackaityte E, LaMere B, Fadrosh DW, Fujimura KE, Panzer AR, Lin DL, Lynch KV, Halkias J, Mendoza VF, Burt TD, Bendixsen C, Barnes K, Kim H, Jones K, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Seroogy CM, Gern JE, Boushey HA, Lynch SV. Heritable vaginal bacteria influence immune tolerance and relate to early-life markers of allergic sensitization in infancy. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100713. [PMID: 35932762 PMCID: PMC9418802 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal asthma status, prenatal exposures, and infant gut microbiota perturbation are associated with heightened risk of atopy and asthma risk in childhood, observations hypothetically linked by intergenerational microbial transmission. Using maternal vaginal (n = 184) and paired infant stool (n = 172) samples, we identify four compositionally and functionally distinct Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota clusters (VCs) that relate to prenatal maternal health and exposures and infant serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) status at 1 year. Variance in bacteria shared between mother and infant pairs relate to VCs, maternal allergy/asthma status, and infant IgE levels. Heritable bacterial gene pathways associated with infant IgE include fatty acid synthesis and histamine and tryptophan degradation. In vitro, vertically transmitted Lactobacillus jensenii strains induce immunosuppressive phenotypes on human antigen-presenting cells. Murine supplementation with L. jensenii reduces lung eosinophils, neutrophilic expansion, and the proportion of interleukin-4 (IL-4)+ CD4+ T cells. Thus, bacterial and atopy heritability are intimately linked, suggesting a microbial component of intergenerational disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McCauley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elze Rackaityte
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brandon LaMere
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Douglas W Fadrosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kei E Fujimura
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ariane R Panzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Din L Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kole V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joanna Halkias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ventura F Mendoza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Process Development, PACT Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Division of Neonatology and the Children's Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | | | - Kathrine Barnes
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Haejin Kim
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kyra Jones
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | | | - Christine M Seroogy
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - James E Gern
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Homer A Boushey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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48
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Carnac T. Schizophrenia Hypothesis: Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation of Fetal and Adult Immune Tolerance. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:844383. [PMID: 35844244 PMCID: PMC9283579 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.844383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system can control immune cell activation via both sympathetic adrenergic and parasympathetic cholinergic nerve release of norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The hypothesis put forward in this paper suggests that autonomic nervous system dysfunction leads to dysregulation of immune tolerance mechanisms in brain-resident and peripheral immune cells leading to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). Inactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a process that takes place in macrophages and microglia when a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand binds to the TLR4 receptor. When Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPS) and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) bind to TLR4s, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) pathway should be activated, leading to inactivation of GSK3β. This switches the macrophage from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Acetylcholine activation of the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) on the cell surface of immune cells leads to PI3K/Akt pathway activation and can control immune cell polarization. Dysregulation of this pathway due to dysfunction of the prenatal autonomic nervous system could lead to impaired fetal immune tolerance mechanisms and a greater vulnerability to Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) resulting in neurodevelopmental abnormalities. It could also lead to the adult schizophrenia patient’s immune system being more vulnerable to chronic stress-induced DAMP release. If a schizophrenia patient experiences chronic stress, an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α could cause significant damage. TNF-α could increase the permeability of the intestinal and blood brain barrier, resulting in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF-α translocation to the brain and consequent increases in glutamate release. MIA has been found to reduce Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase mRNA expression, resulting in reduced Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, which combined with an increase of glutamate release could result in an imbalance of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters. Schizophrenia could be a “two-hit” illness comprised of a genetic “hit” of autonomic nervous system dysfunction and an environmental hit of MIA. This combination of factors could lead to neurotransmitter imbalance and the development of psychotic symptoms.
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49
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Feng Q, Zhou M, Li S, Morimoto L, Hansen H, Myint SS, Wang R, Metayer C, Kang A, Fear AL, Pappas D, Erlich H, Hollenbach JA, Mancuso N, Trachtenberg E, de Smith AJ, Ma X, Wiemels JL. Interaction between maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and offspring HLAs and susceptibility of childhood ALL. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3756-3766. [PMID: 35500222 PMCID: PMC9631572 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is associated with a distinct neonatal cytokine profile. The basis of this neonatal immune phenotype is unknown but potentially related to maternal-fetal immune receptor interactions. We conducted a case-control study of 226 case child-mother pairs and 404 control child-mother pairs to evaluate the role of interaction between HLA genotypes in the offspring and maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes in the etiology of childhood ALL, while considering potential mediation by neonatal cytokines and the immune-modulating enzyme arginase-II (ARG-II). We observed different associations between offspring HLA-maternal KIR activating profiles and the risk of ALL in different predicted genetic ancestry groups. For instance, in Latino subjects who experience the highest risk of childhood leukemia, activating profiles were significantly associated with a lower risk of childhood ALL (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.71) and a higher level of ARG-II at birth (coefficient = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.22). HLA-KIR activating profiles were also associated with a lower risk of ALL in non-Latino Asians (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.38-1.01), although they had a lower tumor necrosis factor-α level (coefficient = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.06). Among non-Latino White subjects, no significant association was observed between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and ALL risk or cytokine levels. The current study reports the association between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and the development of childhood ALL with variation by predicted genetic ancestry. We also observed some associations between activating profiles and immune factors related to cytokine control; however, cytokines did not demonstrate causal mediation of the activating profiles on ALL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Feng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Libby Morimoto
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Helen Hansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Swe Swe Myint
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Alice Kang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Anna Lisa Fear
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Derek Pappas
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Henry Erlich
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Adam J. de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Beliakova-Bethell N, Maruthai K, Xu R, Salvador LCM, Garg A. Monocytic-Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Suppress T-Cell Responses in Recovered SARS CoV2-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894543. [PMID: 35812392 PMCID: PMC9263272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS Coronavirus 2 (CoV2) is associated with massive immune activation and hyperinflammatory response. Acute and severe CoV2 infection is characterized by the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) because of cytokine storm, these MDSC suppress T cell functions. However, the presence of MDSC and its effect on CoV2 antigen specific T cell responses in individuals long after first detection of CoV2 and recovery from infection has not been studied. We and others have previously shown that CD11b+CD33+CD14+HLA-DR-/lo monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) are present in individuals with clinical recovery from viral infection. In this study, we compared the frequency, functional and transcriptional signatures of M-MDSC isolated from CoV2 infected individuals after 5-months of the first detection of the virus (CoV2+) and who were not infected with CoV2 (CoV2-). Compared to CoV2- individuals, M-MDSC were present in CoV2+ individuals at a higher frequency, the level of M-MDSC correlated with the quantity of IL-6 in the plasma. Compared to CoV2-, increased frequency of PD1+, CD57+ and CX3CR1+ T effector memory (TEM) cell subsets was also present in CoV2+ individuals, but these did not correlate with M-MDSC levels. Furthermore, depleting M-MDSC from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased T cell cytokine production when cultured with the peptide pools of immune dominant spike glycoprotein (S), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) antigens of CoV2. M-MDSC suppressed CoV2 S- antigen-specific T cell in ROS, Arginase, and TGFβ dependent manner. Our gene expression, RNA-seq and pathway analysis studies further confirm that M-MDSC isolated from CoV2+ individuals are enriched in pathways that regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, but the genes regulating these functions (HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-B, NLRP3, IL1β, CXCL2, CXCL1) remained downregulated in M-MDSC isolated from CoV2+ individuals. These results demonstrate that M-MDSC suppresses recall responses to CoV2 antigens long after recovery from infection. Our findings suggest M-MDSC as novel regulators of CoV2 specific T cell responses, and should be considered as target to augment responses to vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Beliakova-Bethell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Veterans Administration (VA) San Diego Healthcare System and Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kathirvel Maruthai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Liliana C. M. Salvador
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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