1
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Liu S, Liu F, Lin Z, Yin W, Fang S, Piao Y, Liu L, Shen Y. Identification of cortical arteries and veins in awake mice using two-photon microscopy. J Anat 2024. [PMID: 39034848 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing arteries from veins in the cerebral cortex is critical for studying hemodynamics under pathophysiological conditions, which plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of various vessel-related diseases. However, due to the complexity of the cerebral vascular network, it is challenging to identify arteries and veins in vivo. Here, we demonstrate an artery-vein separation method that employs a combination of multiple scanning modes of two-photon microscopy and a custom-designed stereoscopic fixation device for mice. In this process, we propose a novel method for determining the line scanning direction, which allows us to determine the blood flow directions. The vasculature branches have been identified using an optimized z-stack scanning mode, followed by the separation of blood vessel types according to the directions of blood flow and branching patterns. Using this strategy, the penetrating arterioles and penetrating venules in awake mice could be accurately identified and the type of cerebral thrombus has been also successfully isolated without any empirical knowledge or algorithms. Our research presents a new, more accurate, and efficient method for cortical artery-vein separation in awake mice, providing a useful strategy for the application of two-photon microscopy in the study of cerebrovascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Liu
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - FangYue Liu
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiaonan Lin
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanhua Fang
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Piao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource Center, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Parisi C, Laneri F, Fraix A, Sortino S. Multifunctional Molecular Hybrids Photoreleasing Nitric Oxide: Advantages, Pitfalls, and Opportunities. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39009572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted role nitric oxide (NO) plays in human physiology and pathophysiology has opened new scenarios in biomedicine by exploiting this free radical as an unconventional therapeutic against important diseases. The difficulties in handling gaseous NO and the strict dependence of the biological effects on its doses and location have made the light-activated NO precursors, namely NO photodonors (NOPDs), very appealing by virtue of their precise spatiotemporal control of NO delivery. The covalent integration of NOPDs and additional functional components within the same molecular skeleton through suitable linkers can lead to an intriguing class of multifunctional photoactivatable molecular hybrids. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the recent advances in these molecular constructs, emphasizing those merging NO photorelease with targeting, fluorescent reporting, and phototherapeutic functionalities. We will highlight the rational design behind synthesizing these molecular hybrids and critically describe the advantages, drawbacks, and opportunities they offer in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Laneri
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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3
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Kellerer T, Sailer B, Byers P, Barnkob R, Hayden O, Hellerer T. Two-photon microscopy of acoustofluidic trapping for highly sensitive cell analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3456-3469. [PMID: 38895892 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
We combine two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy and acoustofluidic trapping in a spherical microchamber to in vitro study cells and cell clusters three-dimensionally close to in vivo conditions. The two-photon microscopy provides the in-depth 3D analysis of the spherical microchamber dimensions as well as the positions of trapped samples therein with high spatial precision and high temporal resolution enabling even tracking of the fast moving particles. Furthermore, optical sectioning allows to gather information of individual cells in trapped cell clusters inside the chamber. We demonstrate real-time monitoring of osmosis in A549 lung cells and red blood cells as one possible biomedical application. The observed osmosis reduced the cell membrane diameter by approximately 4 μm in the A549 cells and by approximately 2 μm in the red blood cells. Our approach provides an important optical tool for future investigations of cell functions and cell-cell interactions avoiding wall-contact inside an acoustofluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kellerer
- Multiphoton Imaging Lab, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bettina Sailer
- Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair of Biomedical Electronics, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Byers
- Multiphoton Imaging Lab, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair of Biomedical Electronics, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hellerer
- Multiphoton Imaging Lab, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany.
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4
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Tian Y, Wu Z, Lui H, Zhao J, Kalia S, Seo I, Ou-Yang H, Zeng H. Precise Serial Microregistration Enables Quantitative Microscopy Imaging Tracking of Human Skin Cells In Vivo. Cells 2024; 13:1158. [PMID: 38995009 PMCID: PMC11240548 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed an automated microregistration method that enables repeated in vivo skin microscopy imaging of the same tissue microlocation and specific cells over a long period of days and weeks with unprecedented precision. Applying this method in conjunction with an in vivo multimodality multiphoton microscope, the behavior of human skin cells such as cell proliferation, melanin upward migration, blood flow dynamics, and epidermal thickness adaptation can be recorded over time, facilitating quantitative cellular dynamics analysis. We demonstrated the usefulness of this method in a skin biology study by successfully monitoring skin cellular responses for a period of two weeks following an acute exposure to ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxian Tian
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - InSeok Seo
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ 08558, USA
| | - Hao Ou-Yang
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ 08558, USA
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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5
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Bartuzel MM, Consejo A, Stremplewski P, Sylwestrzak M, Szkulmowski M, Gorczynska I. In vivo identification of the retinal layer containing photopigments in OCT images through correlation with two-photon psychophysics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15459. [PMID: 38965299 PMCID: PMC11224378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-photon vision enables near-infrared light perception in humans. We investigate the possibility to utilize this phenomenon as an indicator of the location of the outer segments of photoreceptor cells in the OCT images. Since two-photon vision is independent on OCT imaging, it could provide external to OCT reference relative to which positions of retinal layers visible in OCT imaging could be measured. We show coincidence between OCT imaging of outer retinal layers and two-photon light perception. The experiment utilizes an intrinsic nonlinear process in the retina, two-photon absorption of light by visual photopigments, which triggers perception of near-infrared light. By shifting the focus of the imaging/stimulus beam, we link the peak efficiency of two-photon vision with the visibility of outer segments of photoreceptor cells, which can be seen as in vivo identification of a retinal layer containing visual photopigments in OCT images. Determination of the in-focus retinal layer is achieved by analysis of en face OCT image contrast. We discuss experimental methods and experimental factors that may influence two-photon light perception and the accuracy of the results. The limits of resolution are discussed in analysis of the one-photon and two-photon point spread functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Bartuzel
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Alejandra Consejo
- Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patrycjusz Stremplewski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Sylwestrzak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Szkulmowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Iwona Gorczynska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
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6
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Kang B, Chen S, Wang G, Huang Y, Wu H, He J, Li X, Xi G, Wu G, Zhuo S. Ovarian cancer identification technology based on deep learning and second harmonic generation imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400200. [PMID: 38955356 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is among the most common gynecological cancers and the eighth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Surgery is among the most important options for cancer treatment. During surgery, a biopsy is generally required to screen for lesions; however, traditional case examinations are time consuming and laborious and require extensive experience and knowledge from pathologists. Therefore, this study proposes a simple, fast, and label-free ovarian cancer diagnosis method that combines second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and deep learning. Unstained fresh human ovarian tissues were subjected to SHG imaging and accurately characterized using the Pyramid Vision Transformer V2 (PVTv2) model. The results showed that the SHG imaged collagen fibers could quantify ovarian cancer. In addition, the PVTv2 model could accurately differentiate the 3240 SHG images obtained from our imaging collection into benign, normal, and malignant images, with a final accuracy of 98.4%. These results demonstrate the great potential of SHG imaging techniques combined with deep learning models for diagnosing the diseased ovarian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Kang
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Yuhang Huang
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiajia He
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gangqin Xi
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guizhu Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Kourmoulakis G, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Maragkakis GM, Mouchliadis L, Michail A, Christodoulides JA, Tripathi M, Dalton AB, Parthenios J, Papagelis K, Stratakis E, Kioseoglou G. Strain distribution in WS 2 monolayers detected through polarization-resolved second harmonic generation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15159. [PMID: 38956262 PMCID: PMC11219737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) show great promise for future electronic devices. GRMs exhibit distinct properties under the influence of the substrate that serves as support through uneven compression/ elongation of GRMs surface atoms. Strain in GRM monolayers is the most common feature that alters the interatomic distances and band structure, providing a new degree of freedom that allows regulation of their electronic properties and introducing the field of straintronics. Having an all-optical and minimally invasive detection tool that rapidly probes strain in large areas of GRM monolayers, would be of great importance in the research and development of novel 2D devices. Here, we use Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation (P-SHG) optical imaging to identify strain distribution, induced in a single layer of WS2 placed on a pre-patterned Si/SiO2 substrate with cylindrical wells. By fitting the P-SHG data pixel-by-pixel, we produce spatially resolved images of the crystal armchair direction. In regions where the WS2 monolayer conforms to the pattern topography, a distinct cross-shaped pattern is evident in the armchair image owing to strain. The presence of strain in these regions is independently confirmed using a combination of atomic force microscopy and Raman mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kourmoulakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - George Miltos Maragkakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Leonidas Mouchliadis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonios Michail
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Str Platani, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Manoj Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Papagelis
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Str Platani, 26504, Patras, Greece
- Department of Solid-State Physics, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - George Kioseoglou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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8
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Martínez-Ojeda RM, Prieto-Bonete G, Perez-Cárceles MD, Bueno JM. Structural changes in the crystalline lens as a function of the postmortem interval assessed with two-photon imaging microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4318-4329. [PMID: 39022534 PMCID: PMC11249687 DOI: 10.1364/boe.524380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The properties and structure of the crystalline lens change as time after death passes. Some experiments have suggested that these might be used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). In this study, the organization and texture of the rabbit lens were objectively evaluated as a function of the PMI using two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging microscopy. Between 24 h and 72 h, the lens presented a highly organized structure, although the fiber delineation was progressively vanishing. At 96 h, this turned into a homogeneous pattern where fibers were hardly observed. This behaviour was similar for parameters providing information on tissue texture. On the other hand, the fiber density of the lens is linearly reduced with the PMI. On average, density at 24 h was approximately two-fold when compared to 96 h after death. The present results show that TPEF microscopy combined with different quantitative tools can be used to objectively monitor temporal changes in the lens fiber organization after death. This might help to estimate the PMI, which is one of the most complex problems in forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Martínez-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma Prieto-Bonete
- Servicio de Protección de la Naturaleza (SEPRONA), Guardia Civil, Ministerio del Interior, Spain
| | - María D. Perez-Cárceles
- Departamento de Medicina Legal y Forense, IMIB-Arrixaca, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
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9
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Komar K. Two-photon vision - Seeing colors in infrared. Vision Res 2024; 220:108404. [PMID: 38608547 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the phenomenon called two-photon vision. It involves the visual perception of pulsed infrared beams in the range of 850-1200 nm as having colors corresponding to one-half of the IR wavelengths. It is caused by two-photon absorption (TPA), which occurs when the visual photopigment interacts simultaneously with two infrared photons. The physical mechanism of TPA is described, and implications about the efficiency of the process are considered. The spectral range of two-photon vision is defined, along with a detailed discussion of the known differences in color perception between normal and two-photon vision. The quadratic dependence of the luminance of two-photon stimuli on the power of the stimulating beam is also explained. Examples of recording two-photon vision in the retinas of mice and monkeys are provided from the literature. Finally, applications of two-photon vision are discussed, particularly two-photon microperimetry, which has been under development for several years; and the potential advantages of two-photon retinal displays are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Komar
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Skierniewicka 10a, 01-230 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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10
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Tan M, Duan J, Chen S, Chen Y, Wang J, Xu X, Ke F. Construction of a mitochondria-targeted probe to monitor cysteine levels in cancer cells and zebrafish. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1425-1434. [PMID: 38822993 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) plays an indispensable role as an antioxidant in the maintenance of bioredox homeostasis. We have constructed an efficient fluorescent probe Mito-Cys based on the binding of indole and naphthol. The acrylic ester group serves as a recognition switch for specific detection of Cys, which undergoes Michael addition and intramolecular cyclization reactions, thereby ensuring the chemical kinetics priority of Cys compared to other biothiols. The probe has good water solubility, large Stokes shift (137 nm), with a detection limit of 21.81 nM. In addition, cell imaging experiments have shown that the probe has excellent mitochondrial targeting ability (R = 0.902). The probe can distinguish between Cys, homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), and can detect Cys specifically and quickly (100 s) to ensure accurate quantitative analysis of Cys changes in cells. More importantly, the probe confirms that ferroptosis inducing factors trigger thiol starvation in mitochondria, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological functions related to Cys and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Juan Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Sishi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Fang Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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11
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Barkley RJR, Crowley JC, Brodrick AJ, Zipfel WR, Parker JSL. Fluorescent protein tags affect the condensation properties of a phase-separating viral protein. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar100. [PMID: 38809580 PMCID: PMC11244164 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent protein (FP) tags are extensively used to visualize and characterize the properties of biomolecular condensates despite a lack of investigation into the effects of these tags on phase separation. Here, we characterized the dynamic properties of µNS, a viral protein hypothesized to undergo phase separation and the main component of mammalian orthoreovirus viral factories. Our interest in the sequence determinants and nucleation process of µNS phase separation led us to compare the size and density of condensates formed by FP::µNS to the untagged protein. We found an FP-dependent increase in droplet size and density, which suggests that FP tags can promote µNS condensation. To further assess the effect of FP tags on µNS droplet formation, we fused FP tags to µNS mutants to show that the tags could variably induce phase separation of otherwise noncondensing proteins. By comparing fluorescent constructs with untagged µNS, we identified mNeonGreen as the least artifactual FP tag that minimally perturbed µNS condensation. These results show that FP tags can promote phase separation and that some tags are more suitable for visualizing and characterizing biomolecular condensates with minimal experimental artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J. R. Barkley
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Jack C. Crowley
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Andrew J. Brodrick
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Warren R. Zipfel
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - John S. L. Parker
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
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12
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Cicchi R, Baria E, Mari M, Filippidis G, Chorvat D. Extraction of collagen morphological features from second-harmonic generation microscopy images via GLCM and CT analyses: A cross-laboratory study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400090. [PMID: 38937995 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy provides a high-resolution label-free approach for noninvasively detecting collagen organization and its pathological alterations. Up to date, several imaging analysis algorithms for extracting collagen morphological features from SHG images-such as fiber size and length, order and anisotropy-have been developed. However, the dependence of extracted features on experimental setting represents a significant obstacle for translating the methodology in the clinical practice. We tackled this problem by acquiring SHG images of the same kind of collagenous sample in various laboratories using different experimental setups and imaging conditions. The acquired images were analyzed by commonly used algorithms, such as gray-level co-occurrence matrix or curvelet transform; the extracted morphological features were compared, finding that they strongly depend on some experimental parameters, whereas they are almost independent from others. We conclude with useful suggestions for comparing results obtained in different labs using different experimental setups and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Baria
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Mari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Crete, Greece
| | - G Filippidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Crete, Greece
| | - D Chorvat
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre (ILC), Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information (SCSTI), Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Karpf S, Glöckner Burmeister N, Dubreil L, Ghosh S, Hollandi R, Pichon J, Leroux I, Henkel A, Lutz V, Jurkevičius J, Latshaw A, Kilin V, Kutscher T, Wiggert M, Saavedra-Villanueva O, Vogel A, Huber RA, Horvath P, Rouger K, Bonacina L. Harmonic Imaging of Stem Cells in Whole Blood at GHz Pixel Rate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401472. [PMID: 38863131 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The pre-clinical validation of cell therapies requires monitoring the biodistribution of transplanted cells in tissues of host organisms. Real-time detection of these cells in the circulatory system and identification of their aggregation state is a crucial piece of information, but necessitates deep penetration and fast imaging with high selectivity, subcellular resolution, and high throughput. In this study, multiphoton-based in-flow detection of human stem cells in whole, unfiltered blood is demonstrated in a microfluidic channel. The approach relies on a multiphoton microscope with diffractive scanning in the direction perpendicular to the flow via a rapidly wavelength-swept laser. Stem cells are labeled with metal oxide harmonic nanoparticles. Thanks to their strong and quasi-instantaneous second harmonic generation (SHG), an imaging rate in excess of 10 000 frames per second is achieved with pixel dwell times of 1 ns, a duration shorter than typical fluorescence lifetimes yet compatible with SHG. Through automated cell identification and segmentation, morphological features of each individual detected event are extracted and cell aggregates are distinguished from isolated cells. This combination of high-speed multiphoton microscopy and high-sensitivity SHG nanoparticle labeling in turbid media promises the detection of rare cells in the bloodstream for assessing novel cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Karpf
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Shayantani Ghosh
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Reka Hollandi
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | | | - Alessandra Henkel
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Valerie Lutz
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Jurkevičius
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Latshaw
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Vasyl Kilin
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Tonio Kutscher
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Moritz Wiggert
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Vogel
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Robert A Huber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Karl Rouger
- Oniris, INRAE, PAnther, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
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14
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Badrodien I, Neethling PH, Bosman GW. Improved image contrast in nonlinear light-sheet fluorescence microscopy using i 2 PIE Pulse compression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12770. [PMID: 38834608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy has become an invaluable tool for biological imaging, offering high-resolution visualization of biological specimens. In this manuscript, we present the application of a spectral phase measurement technique, i2 PIE, to compress broad-bandwidth supercontinuum pulses for two-photon excitation fluorescence light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the two-photon excitation response achieved. We also showed that the implementation of i2 PIE allowed for enhanced image contrasts when compared to conventional compression techniques, with i2 PIE producing an image contrast improvement over conventional methods by over 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imraan Badrodien
- Stellenbosch Photonics Institute, Physics Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Pieter H Neethling
- Stellenbosch Photonics Institute, Physics Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gurthwin W Bosman
- Stellenbosch Photonics Institute, Physics Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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15
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Steves MA, He C, Xu K. Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Super-Resolution Mapping of Physicochemical Parameters in Living Cells. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:163-183. [PMID: 38360526 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-070623-034225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
By superlocalizing the positions of millions of single molecules over many camera frames, a class of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods known as single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has revolutionized how we understand subcellular structures over the past decade. In this review, we highlight emerging studies that transcend the outstanding structural (shape) information offered by SMLM to extract and map physicochemical parameters in living mammalian cells at single-molecule and super-resolution levels. By encoding/decoding high-dimensional information-such as emission and excitation spectra, motion, polarization, fluorescence lifetime, and beyond-for every molecule, and mass accumulating these measurements for millions of molecules, such multidimensional and multifunctional super-resolution approaches open new windows into intracellular architectures and dynamics, as well as their underlying biophysical rules, far beyond the diffraction limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Steves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
| | - Changdong He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
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16
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Otoo BS, Kuan Moo E, Komeili A, Hart DA, Herzog W. Chondrocyte deformation during the unloading phase of cyclic compression loading. J Biomech 2024; 171:112179. [PMID: 38852482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cell volume and shape changes play a pivotal role in cellular mechanotransduction, governing cellular responses to external loading. Understanding the dynamics of cell behavior under loading conditions is essential to elucidate cell adaptation mechanisms in physiological and pathological contexts. In this study, we investigated the effects of dynamic cyclic compression loading on cell volume and shape changes, comparing them with static conditions. Using a custom-designed platform which allowed for simultaneous loading and imaging of cartilage tissue, tissues were subjected to 100 cycles of mechanical loading while measuring cell volume and shape alterations during the unloading phase at specific time points. The findings revealed a transient decrease in cell volume (13%) during the early cycles, followed by a gradual recovery to baseline levels after approximately 20 cycles, despite the cartilage tissue not being fully recovered at the unloading phase. This observed pattern indicates a temporal cell volume response that may be associated with cellular adaptation to the mechanical stimulus through mechanisms related to active cell volume regulation. Additionally, this study demonstrated that cell volume and shape responses during dynamic loading were significantly distinct from those observed under static conditions. Such findings suggest that cells in their natural tissue environment perceive and respond differently to dynamic compared to static mechanical cues, highlighting the significance of considering dynamic loading environments in studies related to cellular mechanics. Overall, this research contributes to the broader understanding of cellular behavior under mechanical stimuli, providing valuable insights into their ability to adapt to dynamic mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baaba S Otoo
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Eng Kuan Moo
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Amin Komeili
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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17
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Smith JT, Liu CJ, Degnan J, Ouellette JN, Conklin MW, Kellner AV, Scribano CM, Hrycyniak L, Oliner JD, Zahm C, Wait E, Eliceiri KW, Rafter J. Label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging for the assessment of cell viability in living tumor fragments. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S22709. [PMID: 38881557 PMCID: PMC11177118 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Significance To enable non-destructive longitudinal assessment of drug agents in intact tumor tissue without the use of disruptive probes, we have designed a label-free method to quantify the health of individual tumor cells in excised tumor tissue using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MP-FLIM). Aim Using murine tumor fragments which preserve the native tumor microenvironment, we seek to demonstrate signals generated by the intrinsically fluorescent metabolic co-factors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) correlate with irreversible cascades leading to cell death. Approach We use MP-FLIM of NAD(P)H and FAD on tissues and confirm viability using standard apoptosis and live/dead (Caspase 3/7 and propidium iodide, respectively) assays. Results Through a statistical approach, reproducible shifts in FLIM data, determined through phasor analysis, are shown to correlate with loss of cell viability. With this, we demonstrate that cell death achieved through either apoptosis/necrosis or necroptosis can be discriminated. In addition, specific responses to common chemotherapeutic treatment inducing cell death were detected. Conclusions These data demonstrate that MP-FLIM can detect and quantify cell viability without the use of potentially toxic dyes, thus enabling longitudinal multi-day studies assessing the effects of therapeutic agents on tumor fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Smith
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, Virginia, United States
| | - Chao J Liu
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Zahm
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Eric Wait
- Elephas, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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18
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Chen W, Zhu S, Duan R, Wang C, Wang F, Wu Y, Dai M, Cui J, Chae SH, Li Z, Ma X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang QJ. Extraordinary Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Interaction in NbOBr 2 Microcavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400858. [PMID: 38631028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are burgeoning as promising candidates for investigating nonlinear optical effects due to high nonlinear susceptibilities, broadband optical response, and tunable nonlinearity. However, most 2D materials suffer from poor nonlinear conversion efficiencies, resulting from reduced light-matter interactions and lack of phase matching at atomic thicknesses. Herein, a new 2D nonlinear material, niobium oxide dibromide (NbOBr2) is reported, featuring strong and anisotropic optical nonlinearities with scalable nonlinear intensity. Furthermore, Fabry-Pérot (F-P) microcavities are constructed by coupling NbOBr2 with air holes in silicon. Remarkable enhancement factors of ≈630 times in second harmonic generation (SHG) and 210 times in third harmonic generation (THG) are achieved on cavity at the resonance wavelength of 1500 nm. Notably, the cavity enhancement effect exhibits strong anisotropic feature tunable with pump wavelength, owing to the robust optical birefringence of NbOBr2. The ratio of the enhancement factor along the b- and c-axis of NbOBr2 reaches 2.43 and 5.27 for SHG and THG at 1500 nm pump, respectively, which leads to an extraordinarily high SHG anisotropic ratio of 17.82 and a 10° rotation of THG polarization. The research presents a feasible and practical strategy for developing high-efficiency and low-power-pumped on-chip nonlinear optical devices with tunable anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jieyuan Cui
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Ma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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19
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Han X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Li L, Zheng L, Qiu L, Chen J, Zhan Z, Wang S, Ma J, Kang D, Chen J. Improving the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion without immunohistochemistry: An innovative method with H&E-stained and multiphoton microscopy images. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1802-1813. [PMID: 38268429 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) is a challenging subtype of breast cancer with controversial invasiveness and prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of DCISM from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is crucial for optimal treatment and improved clinical outcomes. However, there are often some suspicious small cancer nests in DCIS, and it is difficult to diagnose the presence of intact myoepithelium by conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images. Although a variety of biomarkers are available for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of myoepithelial cells, no single biomarker is consistently sensitive to all tumor lesions. Here, we introduced a new diagnostic method that provides rapid and accurate diagnosis of DCISM using multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Suspicious foci in H&E-stained images were labeled as regions of interest (ROIs), and the nuclei within these ROIs were segmented using a deep learning model. MPM was used to capture images of the ROIs in H&E-stained sections. The intensity of two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) in the myoepithelium was significantly different from that in tumor parenchyma and tumor stroma. Through the use of MPM, the myoepithelium and basement membrane can be easily observed via TPEF and second-harmonic generation (SHG), respectively. By fusing the nuclei in H&E-stained images with MPM images, DCISM can be differentiated from suspicious small cancer clusters in DCIS. The proposed method demonstrated good consistency with the cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) myoepithelial staining method (kappa coefficient = 0.818).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Han
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lida Qiu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Deyong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Shafiq I, Haq S, Javed T, Bullo S, Ahmed S, Alhokbany N, Ahamad T. Influence of benzothiophene acceptor moieties on the non-linear optical properties of pyreno-based chromophores: first-principles DFT framework. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15964-15978. [PMID: 38765473 PMCID: PMC11099989 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of heterocyclic organic compounds (PYFD1-PYFD7) are designed with different acceptor moieties at the terminal position of a reference compound (PYFR) for nonlinear optical (NLO) active materials. The optoelectronic characteristics of the designed chromophores were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the M06/6-311G(d,p) functional. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis revealed a significant decrease in the energy of the band gaps (2.340-2.602 eV) for the derivatives as compared to the PYFR reference compound (3.12 eV). An efficient transfer of charge from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was seen, which was further corroborated by the density of states (DOS) and transition density matrix (TDM) heat maps. The results of the global reactivity parameters (GRPs) indicated that all derivatives exhibited greater softness (σ = 0.384-0.427 eV) and lower hardness (η = 0.394-1.302 eV) as compared to PYFR, indicating a higher level of polarizability in the derivatives. Moreover, all of the derivatives showed significant findings in terms of nonlinear optical (NLO) results as compared to the reference chromophore. PYFD2 showed the most effective NLO response (α = 1.861 × 10-22 and βtot = 2.376 × 10-28 esu), including a lowered band gap of 2.340 eV, the maximum softness value of 0.4273 eV, and the lowest hardness value of 1.170 eV as compared to other chromophores. The incorporation of different acceptors and thiophene as a π-spacer in this structural alteration significantly contributed to achieving remarkable NLO responses. Therefore, our findings may motivate experimentalists to synthesize these designed NLO active materials for the current advanced technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Saadia Haq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Javed
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Saifullah Bullo
- Department of Human and Rehabilitation Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University Sukkur Sindh 65170 Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Norah Alhokbany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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21
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Karthik CS, Skorjanc T, Shetty D. Fluorescent covalent organic frameworks - promising bioimaging materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2077-2094. [PMID: 38436072 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01698f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising candidates for imaging living cells due to their unique properties and adjustable fluorescence. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in fluorescent COFs for bioimaging applications. We discuss the strategies used to design COFs with desirable properties such as high photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and pH sensitivity. Additionally, we explore the various ways in which fluorescent COFs are utilized in bioimaging, including cellular imaging, targeting specific organelles, and tracking biomolecules. We delve into their applications in sensing intracellular pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and specific biomarkers. Furthermore, we examine how functionalization techniques enhance the targeting and imaging capabilities of fluorescent COFs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects in the field of fluorescent COFs for bioimaging in living cells, urging further research in this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimatahalli Santhakumar Karthik
- Department of Chemistry, SJCE, JSS Science and Technology University, Karnataka, 570 006, Mysore, India
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tina Skorjanc
- The Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270, Ajdovscina, Slovenia
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Nicolas P, Abdallah S, Dok A, de Coene Y, Jeannin O, Bellec N, Malval JP, Verbiest T, Clays K, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Bilgin-Eran B, Akdas-Kiliç H, Camerel F. Non-Linear Optical Activity of Chiral Bipyrimidine-Based Thin Films. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400112. [PMID: 38353579 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
An original series of bipyrimidine-based chromophores featuring alkoxystyryl donor groups bearing short chiral (S)-2-methylbutyl chains in positions 4, 3,4 and 3,5, connected to electron-accepting 2,2-bipyrimidine rings, has been developed. Their linear and non-linear optical properties were studied using a variety of techniques, including one- and two-photon absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence measurements, as well as Hyper-Rayleigh scattering to determine the first hyperpolarizabilities. Their electronic and geometrical properties were rationalized by TD-DFT calculations. The thermal properties of the compounds were also investigated by a combination of polarized light optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry measurements and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The derivatives were found not to have mesomorphic properties, but to exhibit melting temperatures or cold crystallization behavior that enabled the isolation of well-organized thin films. The nonlinear optical properties of amorphous or crystalline thin films were studied by wide-field second harmonic generation and multiphoton fluorescence imaging, confirming that non-centrosymmetric crystal organization enables strong second and third harmonic generation. This new series confirms that our strategy of functionalizing 3D organic octupoles with short chiral chains to generate non-centrosymmetric organized thin films enables the development of highly second order nonlinear optical active materials without the use of corona-poling or tedious deposition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescillia Nicolas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stephania Abdallah
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Ahmet Dok
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yovan de Coene
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bellec
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Huriye Akdas-Kiliç
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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23
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Kasprzycka W, Szumigraj W, Wachulak P, Trafny EA. New approaches for low phototoxicity imaging of living cells and tissues. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300122. [PMID: 38514402 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool used in scientific and medical research, but it is inextricably linked to phototoxicity. Neglecting phototoxicity can lead to erroneous or inconclusive results. Recently, several reports have addressed this issue, but it is still underestimated by many researchers, even though it can lead to cell death. Phototoxicity can be reduced by appropriate microscopic techniques and carefully designed experiments. This review focuses on recent strategies to reduce phototoxicity in microscopic imaging of living cells and tissues. We describe digital image processing and new hardware solutions. We point out new modifications of microscopy methods and hope that this review will interest microscopy hardware engineers. Our aim is to underscore the challenges and potential solutions integral to the design of microscopy systems. Simultaneously, we intend to engage biologists, offering insight into the latest technological advancements in imaging that can enhance their understanding and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Kasprzycka
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Szumigraj
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wachulak
- Laser Technology Division, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Anna Trafny
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Camli B, Andrus L, Roy A, Mishra B, Xu C, Georgakoudi I, Tkaczyk T, Ben-Yakar A. Two photon imaging probe with highly efficient autofluorescence collection at high scattering and deep imaging conditions. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3163-3182. [PMID: 38855663 PMCID: PMC11161376 DOI: 10.1364/boe.520729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a 2-photon imaging probe system featuring a novel fluorescence collection method with improved and reliable efficiency. The system aims to miniaturize the potential of 2-photon imaging in the metabolic and morphological characterization of cervical tissue at sub-micron resolution over large imaging depths into a flexible and clinically viable platform towards the early detection of cancers. Clinical implementation of such a probe system is challenging due to inherently low levels of autofluorescence, particularly when imaging deep in highly scattering tissues. For an efficient collection of fluorescence signals, our probe employs 12 0.5 NA collection fibers arranged around a miniaturized excitation objective. By bending and terminating a multitude of collection fibers at a specific angle, we increase collection area and directivity significantly. Positioning of these fibers allows the collection of fluorescence photons scattered away from their ballistic trajectory multiple times, which offers a system collection efficiency of 4%, which is 55% of what our bench-top microscope with 0.75 NA objective achieves. We demonstrate that the collection efficiency is largely maintained even at high scattering conditions and high imaging depths. Radial symmetry of arrangement maintains uniformity of collection efficiency across the whole FOV. Additionally, our probe can image at different tissue depths via axial actuation by a dc servo motor, allowing depth dependent tissue characterization. We designed our probe to perform imaging at 775 nm, targeting 2-photon autofluorescence from NAD(P)H and FAD molecules, which are often used in metabolic tissue characterization. An air core photonic bandgap fiber delivers laser pulses of 100 fs duration to the sample. A miniaturized objective designed with commercially available lenses of 3 mm diameter focuses the laser beam on tissue, attaining lateral and axial imaging resolutions of 0.66 µm and 4.65 µm, respectively. Characterization results verify that our probe achieves collection efficiency comparable to our optimized bench-top 2-photon imaging microscope, minimally affected by imaging depth and radial positioning. We validate autofluorescence imaging capability with excised porcine vocal fold tissue samples. Images with 120 µm FOV and 0.33 µm pixel sizes collected at 2 fps confirm that the 300 µm imaging depth was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Camli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Liam Andrus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Aditya Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Biswajit Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tomasz Tkaczyk
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adela Ben-Yakar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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25
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Bueno JM, Martínez-Ojeda RM, Pérez-Zabalza M, García-Mendívil L, Asensio MC, Ordovás L, Pueyo E. Analysis of age-related changes in the left ventricular myocardium with multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3251-3264. [PMID: 38855691 PMCID: PMC11161339 DOI: 10.1364/boe.509227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces cardiac remodeling, resulting in an increase in the risk of suffering heart diseases, including heart failure. Collagen deposition increases with age and, together with sarcomeric changes in cardiomyocytes, may lead to ventricular stiffness. Multiphoton (MP) microscopy is a useful technique to visualize and detect variations in cardiac structures in a label free fashion. Here, we propose a method based on MP imaging (both two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) modalities) to explore and objectively quantify age-related structural differences in various components of cardiac tissues. Results in transmural porcine left ventricle (LV) sections reveal significant differences when comparing samples from young and old animals. Collagen and myosin SHG signals in old specimens are respectively 3.8x and >6-fold larger than in young ones. Differences in TPEF signals from cardiomyocyte were ∼3x. Moreover, the increased amount of collagen in old specimens results in a more organized pattern when compared to young LV tissues. Since changes in collagen and myosin are associated with cardiac dysfunction, the technique used herein might be a useful tool to accurately predict and measure changes associated with age-related myocardium fibrosis, tissue remodeling and sarcomeric alterations, with potential implications in preventing heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Martínez-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Zabalza
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa (CUD), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - M. Carmen Asensio
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Ordovás
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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26
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Young OM, Xu X, Sarker S, Sochol RD. Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2371-2396. [PMID: 38576361 PMCID: PMC11060139 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, additive manufacturing-or "three-dimensional (3D) printing"-has attracted increasing attention in the Lab on a Chip community as a pathway to achieve sophisticated system architectures that are difficult or infeasible to fabricate via conventional means. One particularly promising 3D manufacturing technology is "direct laser writing (DLW)", which leverages two-photon (or multi-photon) polymerization (2PP) phenomena to enable high geometric versatility, print speeds, and precision at length scales down to the 100 nm range. Although researchers have demonstrated the potential of using DLW for microfluidic applications ranging from organ on a chip and drug delivery to micro/nanoparticle processing and soft microrobotics, such scenarios present unique challenges for DLW. Specifically, microfluidic systems typically require macro-to-micro fluidic interfaces (e.g., inlet and outlet ports) to facilitate fluidic loading, control, and retrieval operations; however, DLW-based 3D printing relies on a micron-to-submicron-sized 2PP volume element (i.e., "voxel") that is poorly suited for manufacturing these larger-scale fluidic interfaces. In this Tutorial Review, we highlight and discuss the four most prominent strategies that researchers have developed to circumvent this trade-off and realize macro-to-micro interfaces for DLW-enabled microfluidic components and systems. In addition, we consider the possibility that-with the advent of next-generation commercial DLW printers equipped with new dynamic voxel tuning, print field, and laser power capabilities-the overall utility of DLW strategies for Lab on a Chip fields may soon expand dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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27
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Jørgensen P, Olsen J, Johansen MB, von Buchwald TJ, Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Mikkelsen KV, Helgaker T. A variational reformulation of molecular properties in electronic-structure theory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3454. [PMID: 38657075 PMCID: PMC11042728 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Conventional quantum-mechanical calculations of molecular properties, such as dipole moments and electronic excitation energies, give errors that depend linearly on the error in the wave function. An exception is the electronic energy, whose error depends quadratically on the error in wave function. We here describe how all properties may be calculated with a quadratic error, by setting up a variational Lagrangian for the property of interest. Because the construction of the Lagrangian is less expensive than the calculation of the wave function, this approach substantially improves the accuracy of quantum-chemical calculations without increasing cost. As illustrated for excitation energies, this approach enables the accurate calculation of molecular properties for larger systems, with a short time-to-solution and in a manner well suited for modern computer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Magnus Bukhave Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Theo Juncker von Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 260, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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28
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Xie Z, Zhao T, Yu X, Wang J. Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D Materials and their Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311621. [PMID: 38618662 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are a subject of intense research in recent years owing to their exclusive photoelectric properties. With giant nonlinear susceptibility and perfect phase matching, 2D materials have marvelous nonlinear light-matter interactions. The nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials are of great significance to the design and analysis of applied materials and functional devices. Here, the fundamental of nonlinear optics (NLO) for 2D materials is introduced, and the methods for characterizing and measuring second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental values of second-order susceptibility χ(2) and third-order susceptibility χ(3) are tabulated. Several applications and possible future research directions of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) for 2D materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xie
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
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29
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Yuan X, Bowling A, Gemperline E, Mannam V, Howard S. Real-time, depth-resolved, in vivo multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of agricultural herbicide treatments in plants. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:13733-13745. [PMID: 38859335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective and safe agricultural treatments requires sub-cellular insight of the biochemical effects of treatments in living tissue in real-time. Industry-standard mass spectroscopic imaging lacks real-time in vivo capability. As an alternative, multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MPM-FLIM) allows for 3D sub-cellular quantitative metabolic imaging but is often limited to low frame rates. To resolve relatively fast effects (e.g., photosynthesis inhibiting treatments), high-frame-rate MPM-FLIM is needed. In this paper, we demonstrate and evaluate a high-speed MPM-FLIM system, "Instant FLIM", as a time-resolved 3D sub-cellular molecular imaging system in highly scattering, living plant tissues. We demonstrate simultaneous imaging of cellular autofluorescence and crystalline agrochemical crystals within plant tissues. We further quantitatively investigate the herbicidal effects of two classes of agricultural herbicide treatments, photosystem II inhibiting herbicide (Basagran) and auxin-based herbicide (Arylex), and successfully demonstrate the capability of the MPM-FLIM system to measure biological changes over a short time with enhanced imaging speed. Results indicate that high-frame-rate 3D MPM-FLIM achieves the required fluorescence lifetime resolution, temporal resolution, and spatial resolution to be a useful tool in basic plant cellular biology research and agricultural treatment development.
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30
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Fang N, Wu Z, Su X, Chen R, Shi L, Feng Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Li L, Zheng L, Hu L, Kang D, Wang X, Chen J. Computer-Aided Multiphoton Microscopy Diagnosis of 5 Different Primary Architecture Subtypes of Meningiomas. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100324. [PMID: 38220044 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas rank among the most common intracranial tumors, and surgery stands as the primary treatment modality for meningiomas. The precise subtyping and diagnosis of meningiomas, both before and during surgery, play a pivotal role in enabling neurosurgeons choose the optimal surgical program. In this study, we utilized multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on 2-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation to identify 5 common meningioma subtypes. The morphological features of these subtypes were depicted using the MPM multichannel mode. Additionally, we developed 2 distinct programs to quantify collagen content and blood vessel density. Furthermore, the lambda mode of the MPM characterized architectural and spectral features, from which 3 quantitative indicators were extracted. Moreover, we employed machine learning to differentiate meningioma subtypes automatically, achieving high classification accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of MPM as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for meningioma subtyping and diagnosis, offering improved accuracy and resolution compared with traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zanyi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linjing Shi
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Feng
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xingfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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31
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Pukaluk A, Sommer G, Holzapfel GA. Multimodal experimental studies of the passive mechanical behavior of human aortas: Current approaches and future directions. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:1-12. [PMID: 38401775 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and include, among others, critical conditions of the aortic wall. Importantly, such critical conditions require effective diagnosis and treatment, which are not yet accurate enough. However, they could be significantly strengthened with predictive material models of the aortic wall. In particular, such predictive models could support surgical decisions, preoperative planning, and estimation of postoperative tissue remodeling. However, developing a predictive model requires experimental data showing both structural parameters and mechanical behavior. Such experimental data can be obtained using multimodal experiments. This review therefore discusses the current approaches to multimodal experiments. Importantly, the strength of the aortic wall is determined primarily by its passive components, i.e., mainly collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans. Therefore, this review focuses on multimodal experiments that relate the passive mechanical behavior of the human aortic wall to the structure and organization of its passive components. In particular, the multimodal experiments are classified according to the expected results. Multiple examples are provided for each experimental class and summarized with highlighted advantages and disadvantages of the method. Finally, future directions of multimodal experiments are envisioned and evaluated. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multimodal experiments are innovative approaches that have gained interest very quickly, but also recently. This review presents therefore a first clear summary of groundbreaking research in the field of multimodal experiments. The benefits and limitations of various types of multimodal experiments are thoroughly discussed, and a comprehensive overview of possible results is provided. Although this review focuses on multimodal experiments performed on human aortic tissues, the methods used and described are not limited to human aortic tissues but can be extended to other soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pukaluk
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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32
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Galli R, Uckermann O. Vibrational spectroscopy and multiphoton microscopy for label-free visualization of nervous system degeneration and regeneration. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:219-235. [PMID: 38737209 PMCID: PMC11078905 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and understanding the underlying pathophysiological processes. Label-free multiphoton microscopy techniques, such as coherent Raman scattering, two-photon excited autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation microscopy, have emerged as powerful tools for visualizing nervous tissue with high resolution and without the need for exogenous labels. Coherent Raman scattering processes as well as third harmonic generation enable label-free visualization of myelin sheaths, while their combination with two-photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation allows for a more comprehensive tissue visualization. They have shown promise in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and may have future applications in clinical diagnostics. In addition to multiphoton microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy methods such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy offer insights into the molecular signatures of injured nervous tissues and hold potential as diagnostic markers. This review summarizes the application of these label-free optical techniques in preclinical models and illustrates their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders with a special focus on injury, degeneration, and regeneration. Furthermore, it addresses current advancements and challenges for bridging the gap between research findings and their practical applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galli
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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33
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Akbari N, Tatarsky RL, Kolkman KE, Fetcho JR, Xu C, Bass AH. Label-free, whole-brain in vivo mapping in an adult vertebrate with third harmonic generation microscopy. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25614. [PMID: 38616537 PMCID: PMC11069316 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of interconnected networks within the brain requires access to high resolution information within large field of views and over time. Currently, methods that enable mapping structural changes of the entire brain in vivo are extremely limited. Third harmonic generation (THG) can resolve myelinated structures, blood vessels, and cell bodies throughout the brain without the need for any exogenous labeling. Together with deep penetration of long wavelengths, this enables in vivo brain-mapping of large fractions of the brain in small animals and over time. Here, we demonstrate that THG microscopy allows non-invasive label-free mapping of the entire brain of an adult vertebrate, Danionella dracula, which is a miniature species of cyprinid fish. We show this capability in multiple brain regions and in particular the identification of major commissural fiber bundles in the midbrain and the hindbrain. These features provide readily discernable landmarks for navigation and identification of regional-specific neuronal groups and even single neurons during in vivo experiments. We further show how this label-free technique can easily be coupled with fluorescence microscopy and used as a comparative tool for studies of other species with similar body features to Danionella, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tetras (Trochilocharax ornatus). This new evidence, building on previous studies, demonstrates how small size and relative transparency, combined with the unique capabilities of THG microscopy, can enable label-free access to the entire adult vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najva Akbari
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA 14850
- Present address: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA 94305
| | - Rose L. Tatarsky
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA 14850
| | - Kristine E. Kolkman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA 14850
| | - Joseph R. Fetcho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA 14850
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA 14850
| | - Andrew H. Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA 14850
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Deng J, Sun C, Zheng Y, Gao J, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tang P. In vivo imaging of the neuronal response to spinal cord injury: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:811-817. [PMID: 37843216 PMCID: PMC10664102 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the neuronal response to injury in the spinal cord is essential for exploring treatment strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, this subject has been neglected in part because appropriate tools are lacking. Emerging in vivo imaging and labeling methods offer great potential for observing dynamic neural processes in the central nervous system in conditions of health and disease. This review first discusses in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord with a focus on the latest imaging techniques, and then analyzes the dynamic biological response of spinal cord sensory and motor neurons to SCI. We then summarize and compare the techniques behind these studies and clarify the advantages of in vivo imaging compared with traditional neuroscience examinations. Finally, we identify the challenges and possible solutions for spinal cord neuron imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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35
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Sivun D, Murtezi E, Karimian T, Hurab K, Marefat M, Klimareva E, Naderer C, Buchroithner B, Klar TA, Gvindzhiliia G, Horner A, Jacak J. Multiphoton lithography with protein photoresists. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100994. [PMID: 38384793 PMCID: PMC10879783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, 2D/3D direct laser writing has attracted increased attention due to its broad applications ranging from biomedical engineering to aerospace. 3D nanolithography of water-soluble protein-based scaffolds have been envisioned to provide a variety of tunable properties. In this paper, we present a functional protein-based photoresist with tunable mechanical properties that is suitable for multiphoton lithography (MPL). Through the use of methacrylated streptavidin or methacrylated bovine serum albumin in combination with polyethylene glycol diacrylate or methacrylated hyaluronic acid as crosslinkers and a vitamin-based photoinitiator, we were able to write two- and three-dimensional structures as small as 200 nm/600 nm lateral/axial features, respectively. We also demonstrated that Young's modulus can be tuned by the photoresist composition, and we were able to achieve values as low as 40 kPa. Furthermore, we showed that Young's modulus can be recovered after drying and rehydration (i.e. shelf time determination). The retained biological functionality of the streptavidin scaffolds was demonstrated using fluorescently labelled biotins. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we estimated the density of streptavidin in the written features (1.8 ± 0.2 × 105 streptavidins per 1.00 ± 0.05 μm³ of feature volume). Finally, we showed applicability of our 2D scaffold as a support for a fluorescence absorbance immuno-assay (FLISA), and as a delivery platform of extracellular vesicles to HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Sivun
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Eljesa Murtezi
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Tina Karimian
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Kurt Hurab
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Maryam Marefat
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Elena Klimareva
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Naderer
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Boris Buchroithner
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Georgii Gvindzhiliia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
- AUVA Research Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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36
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Luu P, Fraser SE, Schneider F. More than double the fun with two-photon excitation microscopy. Commun Biol 2024; 7:364. [PMID: 38531976 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
For generations researchers have been observing the dynamic processes of life through the lens of a microscope. This has offered tremendous insights into biological phenomena that span multiple orders of time- and length-scales ranging from the pure magic of molecular reorganization at the membrane of immune cells, to cell migration and differentiation during development or wound healing. Standard fluorescence microscopy techniques offer glimpses at such processes in vitro, however, when applied in intact systems, they are challenged by reduced signal strengths and signal-to-noise ratios that result from deeper imaging. As a remedy, two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy takes a special place, because it allows us to investigate processes in vivo, in their natural environment, even in a living animal. Here, we review the fundamental principles underlying TPE aimed at basic and advanced microscopy users interested in adopting TPE for intravital imaging. We focus on applications in neurobiology, present current trends towards faster, wider and deeper imaging, discuss the combination with photon counting technologies for metabolic imaging and spectroscopy, as well as highlight outstanding issues and drawbacks in development and application of these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Luu
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Alfred Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Falk Schneider
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Wüstner D, Egebjerg JM, Lauritsen L. Dynamic Mode Decomposition of Multiphoton and Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy Data for Analysis of Fluorescent Probes in Cellular Membranes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2096. [PMID: 38610307 PMCID: PMC11013970 DOI: 10.3390/s24072096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
An analysis of the membrane organization and intracellular trafficking of lipids often relies on multiphoton (MP) and super-resolution microscopy of fluorescent lipid probes. A disadvantage of particularly intrinsically fluorescent lipid probes, such as the cholesterol and ergosterol analogue, dehydroergosterol (DHE), is their low MP absorption cross-section, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in live-cell imaging. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy of membrane probes like Nile Red enables one to resolve membrane features beyond the diffraction limit but exposes the sample to a lot of excitation light and suffers from a low SNR and photobleaching. Here, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and its variant, higher-order DMD (HoDMD), are applied to efficiently reconstruct and denoise the MP and STED microscopy data of lipid probes, allowing for an improved visualization of the membranes in cells. HoDMD also allows us to decompose and reconstruct two-photon polarimetry images of TopFluor-cholesterol in model and cellular membranes. Finally, DMD is shown to not only reconstruct and denoise 3D-STED image stacks of Nile Red-labeled cells but also to predict unseen image frames, thereby allowing for interpolation images along the optical axis. This important feature of DMD can be used to reduce the number of image acquisitions, thereby minimizing the light exposure of biological samples without compromising image quality. Thus, DMD as a computational tool enables gentler live-cell imaging of fluorescent probes in cellular membranes by MP and STED microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.M.E.); (L.L.)
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38
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Lacin ME, Yildirim M. Applications of multiphoton microscopy in imaging cerebral and retinal organoids. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1360482. [PMID: 38505776 PMCID: PMC10948410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1360482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral organoids, self-organizing structures with increased cellular diversity and longevity, have addressed shortcomings in mimicking human brain complexity and architecture. However, imaging intact organoids poses challenges due to size, cellular density, and light-scattering properties. Traditional one-photon microscopy faces limitations in resolution and contrast, especially for deep regions. Here, we first discuss the fundamentals of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) as a promising alternative, leveraging non-linear fluorophore excitation and longer wavelengths for improved imaging of live cerebral organoids. Then, we review recent applications of MPM in studying morphogenesis and differentiation, emphasizing its potential for overcoming limitations associated with other imaging techniques. Furthermore, our paper underscores the crucial role of cerebral organoids in providing insights into human-specific neurodevelopmental processes and neurological disorders, addressing the scarcity of human brain tissue for translational neuroscience. Ultimately, we envision using multimodal multiphoton microscopy for longitudinal imaging of intact cerebral organoids, propelling advancements in our understanding of neurodevelopment and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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39
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Conci C, Sironi L, Jacchetti E, Panzeri D, Inverso D, Martínez Vázquez R, Osellame R, Collini M, Cerullo G, Chirico G, Raimondi MT. In vivo label-free tissue histology through a microstructured imaging window. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016102. [PMID: 38222895 PMCID: PMC10787586 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue histopathology, based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thin tissue slices, is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune reaction to the implant of a biomaterial. It is based on lengthy and costly procedures that do not allow longitudinal studies. The use of non-linear excitation microscopy in vivo, largely label-free, has the potential to overcome these limitations. With this purpose, we develop and validate an implantable microstructured device for the non-linear excitation microscopy assessment of the immune reaction to an implanted biomaterial label-free. The microstructured device, shaped as a matrix of regular 3D lattices, is obtained by two-photon laser polymerization. It is subsequently implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs for 7 days to act as an intrinsic 3D reference frame for cell counting and identification. The histological analysis based on H&E images of the tissue sections sampled around the implanted microstructures is compared to non-linear excitation and confocal images to build a cell atlas that correlates the histological observations to the label-free images. In this way, we can quantify the number of cells recruited in the tissue reconstituted in the microstructures and identify granulocytes on label-free images within and outside the microstructures. Collagen and microvessels are also identified by means of second-harmonic generation and autofluorescence imaging. The analysis indicates that the tissue reaction to implanted microstructures is like the one typical of CAM healing after injury, without a massive foreign body reaction. This opens the path to the use of similar microstructures coupled to a biomaterial, to image in vivo the regenerating interface between a tissue and a biomaterial with label-free non-linear excitation microscopy. This promises to be a transformative approach, alternative to conventional histopathology, for the bioengineering and the validation of biomaterials in in vivo longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Conci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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40
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Xu M, Wang H, Tian X, Li B, Wang S, Zhao X, He H. Opsin-Free Activation of Bmp Receptors by a Femtosecond Laser. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308072. [PMID: 38239021 PMCID: PMC10933676 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a vital role in differentiation, organogenesis, and various cell processes. As a member of TGF-β superfamily, the BMP initiation usually accompanies crosstalk with other signaling pathways and simultaneously activates some of them. It is quite challenging to solely initiate an individual pathway. In this study, an opsin-free optical method to specifically activate BMP receptors (BMPR) and subsequent pSmad1/5/8 cascades by a single-time scan of a tightly-focused femtosecond laser in the near infrared range is reported. Via transient two-photon excitation to intrinsic local flavins near the cell membrane, the photoactivation drives conformational changes of preformed BMPR complexes to enable their bonding and phosphorylation of the GS domain in BMPR-I by BMPR-II. The pSmad1/5/8 signaling is initiated by this method, while p38 and pSmad2 are rarely perturbed. Based on a microscopic system, primary adipose-derived stem cells in an area of 420 × 420 µm2 are photoactivated by a single-time laser scanning for 1.5 s and exhibit pSmad1/5/8 upregulation and osteoblastic differentiation after 21 days. Hence, an opsin-free, specific, and noninvasive optical method to initiate BMP signaling, easily accomplished by a two-photon microscope system is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Xu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Bingyi Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Shaoyang Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikou570228China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
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41
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Zhu Z, Liang Y, Zhao Q, Wu H, Pan B, Qiao S, Wang B, Zhan Q. Three-dimensional, dual-color nanoscopy enabled by migrating photon avalanches with one single low-power CW beam. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:458-465. [PMID: 38171962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is very essential for understanding the physical and biological fundamentals at nanometer scale. However, to date most super-resolution modalities require either complicated/costly purpose-built systems such as multiple-beam architectures or complex post-processing procedures with intrinsic artifacts. Achieving three-dimensional (3D) or multi-channel sub-diffraction microscopic imaging using a simple method remains a challenging and struggling task. Herein, we proposed 3D highly-nonlinear super-resolution microscopy using a single-beam excitation strategy, and the microscopy principle was modelled and studied based on the ultrahigh nonlinearity enabled by photon avalanches. According to the simulation, the point spread function of highly nonlinear microscopy is switchable among different modes and can shrink three-dimensionally to sub-diffraction scale at the photon avalanche mode. Experimentally, we demonstrated 3D optical nanoscopy assisted with huge optical nonlinearities in a simple laser scanning configuration, achieving a lateral resolution down to 58 nm (λ/14) and an axial resolution down to 185 nm (λ/5) with one single beam of low-power, continuous-wave, near-infrared laser. We further extended the photon avalanche effect to many other emitters to develop multi-color photon avalanching nanoprobes based on migrating photon avalanche mechanism, which enables us to implement single-beam dual-color sub-diffraction super-resolution microscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yusen Liang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binxiong Pan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuqian Qiao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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42
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Roosen L, Maes D, Musetta L, Himmelreich U. Preclinical Models for Cryptococcosis of the CNS and Their Characterization Using In Vivo Imaging Techniques. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:146. [PMID: 38392818 PMCID: PMC10890286 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii remain a challenge to our healthcare systems as they are still difficult to treat. In order to improve treatment success, in particular for infections that have disseminated to the central nervous system, a better understanding of the disease is needed, addressing questions like how it evolves from a pulmonary to a brain disease and how novel treatment approaches can be developed and validated. This requires not only clinical research and research on the microorganisms in a laboratory environment but also preclinical models in order to study cryptococci in the host. We provide an overview of available preclinical models, with particular emphasis on models of cryptococcosis in rodents. In order to further improve the characterization of rodent models, in particular the dynamic aspects of disease manifestation, development, and ultimate treatment, preclinical in vivo imaging methods are increasingly used, mainly in research for oncological, neurological, and cardiac diseases. In vivo imaging applications for fungal infections are rather sparse. A second aspect of this review is how research on models of cryptococcosis can benefit from in vivo imaging methods that not only provide information on morphology and tissue structure but also on function, metabolism, and cellular properties in a non-invasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Roosen
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Maes
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luigi Musetta
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Han C, Kundu BK, Liang Y, Sun Y. Near-Infrared Light-Driven Photocatalysis with an Emphasis on Two-Photon Excitation: Concepts, Materials, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307759. [PMID: 37703435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of sunlight in photocatalysis is widely recognized as a promising solution for addressing the growing energy demand and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel consumption. Recently, there have been significant developments in various near-infrared (NIR) light-harvesting systems for artificial photosynthesis and photocatalytic environmental remediation. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in the utilization of NIR light through the creation of novel nanostructured materials and molecular photosensitizers, as well as modulating strategies to enhance the photocatalytic processes. A special focus is given to the emerging two-photon excitation NIR photocatalysis. The unique features and limitations of different systems are critically evaluated. In particular, it highlights the advantages of utilizing NIR light and two-photon excitation compared to UV-visible irradiation and one-photon excitation. Ongoing challenges and potential solutions for the future exploration of NIR light-responsive materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Han
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Yujun Liang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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44
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De la Cadena A, Park J, Tehrani KF, Renteria CA, Monroy GL, Boppart SA. Simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multi-harmonic microscopy driven by the supercontinuum generated from a bulk nonlinear crystal. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:491-505. [PMID: 38404303 PMCID: PMC10890845 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy encompasses several imaging techniques that leverage laser technology to probe intrinsic molecules of biological specimens. These native molecules produce optical fingerprints that allow nonlinear microscopes to reveal the chemical composition and structure of cells and tissues in a label-free and non-destructive fashion, information that enables a plethora of applications, e.g., real-time digital histopathology or image-guided surgery. Because state-of-the-art lasers exhibit either a limited bandwidth or reduced wavelength tunability, nonlinear microscopes lack the spectral support to probe different biomolecules simultaneously, thus losing analytical potential. Therefore, a conventional nonlinear microscope requires multiple or tunable lasers to individually excite endogenous molecules, increasing both the cost and complexity of the system. A solution to this problem is supercontinuum generation, a nonlinear optical phenomenon that supplies broadband femtosecond radiation, granting a wide spectrum for concurrent molecular excitation. This study introduces a source for nonlinear multiphoton microscopy based on the supercontinuum generation from a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal, an approach that allows simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multi-harmonic imaging of biological samples and offers a practical and compact alternative for the clinical translation of nonlinear microscopy. While this supercontinuum covered the visible spectrum (550-900 nm) and the near-infrared region (950-1200 nm), the pulses within 1030-1150 nm produced label-free volumetric chemical images of ex vivo chinchilla kidney, thus validating the supercontinuum from bulk crystals as a powerful source for multimodal nonlinear microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De la Cadena
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kayvan F. Tehrani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A. Renteria
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Guillermo L. Monroy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Label-free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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45
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Koch T, Zhang W, Tran TT, Wang Y, Mikitisin A, Puchhammer J, Greer JR, Ovsianikov A, Chalupa-Gantner F, Lunzer M. Approaching Standardization: Mechanical Material Testing of Macroscopic Two-Photon Polymerized Specimens. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2308497. [PMID: 38303404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is becoming increasingly established as additive manufacturing technology for microfabrication due to its high-resolution and the feasibility of generating complex parts. Until now, the high resolution of 2PP is also its bottleneck, as it limited throughput and therefore restricted the application to the production of microparts. Thus, mechanical properties of 2PP materials can only be characterized using nonstandardized specialized microtesting methods. Due to recent advances in 2PP technology, it is now possible to produce parts in the size of several millimeters to even centimeters, finally permitting the fabrication of macrosized testing specimens. Besides suitable hardware systems, 2PP materials exhibiting favorable mechanical properties that allow printing of up-scaled parts are strongly demanded. In this work, the up-scalability of three different photopolymers is investigated using a high-throughput 2PP system and low numerical aperture optics. Testing specimens in the cm-range are produced and tested with common or even standardized material testing methods available in conventionally equipped polymer testing labs. Examples of the characterization of mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and fracture properties of 2PP processed materials are shown. Additionally, aspects such as postprocessing and aging are investigated. This lays a foundation for future expansion of the 2PP technology to broader industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Thomas T Tran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yingjin Wang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Adrian Mikitisin
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakob Puchhammer
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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46
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Lees RM, Bianco IH, Campbell RAA, Orlova N, Peterka DS, Pichler B, Smith SL, Yatsenko D, Yu CH, Packer AM. Standardised Measurements for Monitoring and Comparing Multiphoton Microscope Systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576417. [PMID: 38328224 PMCID: PMC10849699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this protocol is to enable better characterisation of multiphoton microscopy hardware across a large user base. The scope of this protocol is purposefully limited to focus on hardware, touching on software and data analysis routines only where relevant. The intended audiences are scientists using and building multiphoton microscopes in their laboratories. The goal is that any scientist, not only those with optical expertise, can test whether their multiphoton microscope is performing well and producing consistent data over the lifetime of their system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Lees
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Octopus imaging facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Isaac H Bianco
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | | | | | - Darcy S Peterka
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Bruno Pichler
- Independent NeuroScience Services INSS Ltd, Lewes, East Sussex, UK
| | - Spencer LaVere Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Che-Hang Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Adam M Packer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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47
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Zhang Y, Zhong J, Cheng H, Huang J, Li Z, Zhang C, Gao Z, Xu Z, Xu G, Qiu P, Wang K. Comparison of the penetration depth in mouse brain in vivo through 3PF imaging using AIE nanoparticle labeling and THG imaging within the 1700 nm window. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:511-515. [PMID: 38235073 PMCID: PMC10790977 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
3-Photon microscopy (3PM) excited at the 1700 nm window features a smaller tissue attenuation and hence a larger penetration depth in brain imaging compared with other excitation wavelengths in vivo. While the comparison of the penetration depth quantified by effective attenuation length le with other excitation wavelengths have been extensively investigated, comparison within the 1700 nm window has never been demonstrated. This is mainly due to the lack of a proper excitation laser source and characterization of the in vivo emission properties of fluorescent labels within this window. Herein, we demonstrate detailed measurements and comparison of le through the 3-photon imaging of the mouse brain in vivo, at different excitation wavelengths (1600 nm, 1700 nm, and 1800 nm). 3PF imaging and in vivo spectrum measurements were performed using AIE nanoparticle labeling. Our results show that le derived from both 3PF imaging and THG imaging is the largest at 1700 nm, indicating that it enables the deepest penetration in brain imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
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48
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Javani Jouni F, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Najjar N, Nasirpour M, Payez A, Kashi G, Zafari J. Evaluation of the effects of photodynamic therapy consisted of the blue laser and zinc oxide QDs on MDA-MB-231 cancer cells by inhibiting cancer markers and inducing apoptosis. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:28. [PMID: 38216721 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The increasing number of cancer patients has cast attention on developing new anti-cancer modalities. Photodynamic therapy is a safe anti-cancer approach, which encompasses (1) local administration of a photosensitizer and (2) light irradiation. Zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) are photosensitizers that can be utilized for this purpose. In the present study, to better appreciate the likely more efficient cytotoxic effect of the combination of ZnO QDs and the visible 470-nm blue light in comparison to the QDs alone, several assays were to be conducted upon breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cells. MTT assay showed that in certain groups the combination displayed higher cytotoxic effects compared to those following QD treatment alone. LDH leakage and lipid peroxidation rates by the combination were significantly higher than treatment with either the blue laser or QDs. Although the combination managed to meaningfully reduce the number of colonies and CAT activity compared to QD treatment, there were no palpable differences between them. Lastly, the combination was able to increase the apoptotic genes, including BAX, TP53, caspase 3, and caspase 9 compared to QD, while, in the case of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, none of the groups managed to make any tangible differences on its expression levels. Our findings propose that there may be synergistic effects between the blue laser and QD that can possibly be adopted in anti-cancer therapy in the future. However, further investigations regarding this matter are of the essence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Javani Jouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabaa Najjar
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasirpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Payez
- Department of Biology Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box, Tehran, 14665-889, Iran
| | - Giti Kashi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Medical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Water Purification Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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49
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Yu CH, Yu Y, Adsit LM, Chang JT, Barchini J, Moberly AH, Benisty H, Kim J, Young BK, Heng K, Farinella DM, Leikvoll A, Pavan R, Vistein R, Nanfito BR, Hildebrand DGC, Otero-Coronel S, Vaziri A, Goldberg JL, Ricci AJ, Fitzpatrick D, Cardin JA, Higley MJ, Smith GB, Kara P, Nielsen KJ, Smith IT, Smith SL. The Cousa objective: a long-working distance air objective for multiphoton imaging in vivo. Nat Methods 2024; 21:132-141. [PMID: 38129618 PMCID: PMC10776402 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy can resolve fluorescent structures and dynamics deep in scattering tissue and has transformed neural imaging, but applying this technique in vivo can be limited by the mechanical and optical constraints of conventional objectives. Short working distance objectives can collide with compact surgical windows or other instrumentation and preclude imaging. Here we present an ultra-long working distance (20 mm) air objective called the Cousa objective. It is optimized for performance across multiphoton imaging wavelengths, offers a more than 4 mm2 field of view with submicrometer lateral resolution and is compatible with commonly used multiphoton imaging systems. A novel mechanical design, wider than typical microscope objectives, enabled this combination of specifications. We share the full optical prescription, and report performance including in vivo two-photon and three-photon imaging in an array of species and preparations, including nonhuman primates. The Cousa objective can enable a range of experiments in neuroscience and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hang Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Liam M Adsit
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy T Chang
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jad Barchini
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Hadas Benisty
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinkyung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brent K Young
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Heng
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deano M Farinella
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Austin Leikvoll
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rishaab Pavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Vistein
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, and Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon R Nanfito
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Santiago Otero-Coronel
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Ricci
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gordon B Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Prakash Kara
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristina J Nielsen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ikuko T Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Spencer LaVere Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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50
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Voigt FF, Reuss AM, Naert T, Hildebrand S, Schaettin M, Hotz AL, Whitehead L, Bahl A, Neuhauss SCF, Roebroeck A, Stoeckli ET, Lienkamp SS, Aguzzi A, Helmchen F. Reflective multi-immersion microscope objectives inspired by the Schmidt telescope. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:65-71. [PMID: 36997681 PMCID: PMC10791577 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Imaging large, cleared samples requires microscope objectives that combine a large field of view (FOV) with a long working distance (WD) and a high numerical aperture (NA). Ideally, such objectives should be compatible with a wide range of immersion media, which is challenging to achieve with conventional lens-based objective designs. Here we introduce the multi-immersion 'Schmidt objective' consisting of a spherical mirror and an aspherical correction plate as a solution to this problem. We demonstrate that a multi-photon variant of the Schmidt objective is compatible with all homogeneous immersion media and achieves an NA of 1.08 at a refractive index of 1.56, 1.1-mm FOV and 11-mm WD. We highlight its versatility by imaging cleared samples in various media ranging from air and water to benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate, dibenzyl ether and ethyl cinnamate and by imaging of neuronal activity in larval zebrafish in vivo. In principle, the concept can be extended to any imaging modality, including wide-field, confocal and light-sheet microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian F Voigt
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Anna Maria Reuss
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Naert
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Hildebrand
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Schaettin
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriana L Hotz
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Armin Bahl
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther T Stoeckli
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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