1
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Baumgartner J, McKinnie SMK. Regioselective Halogenation of Lavanducyanin by a Site-Selective Vanadium-Dependent Chloroperoxidase. Org Lett 2024; 26:5725-5730. [PMID: 38934639 PMCID: PMC11250029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Halogenated phenazine meroterpenoids are a structurally unusual family of marine actinobacterial natural products that exhibit antibiotic, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic bioactivities. Despite a lack of established phenazine halogenation biochemistry, genomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. CNZ-289, a prolific lavanducyanin and C2-halogenated derivative producer, suggested the involvement of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases. We subsequently discovered lavanducyanin halogenase (LvcH), characterized it in vitro as a regioselective vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidase, and applied it in late-stage chemoenzymatic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson
T. Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Shaun M. K. McKinnie
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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2
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Liu JX, Li H, Zhang SP, Lu SC, Gong YL, Xu S. Strategies for the Construction of Benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octane in Natural Product Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303989. [PMID: 38345999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octane is a cage-like unique motif containing a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane structure fused with at least one benzene ring. It is found in various natural products that exhibit structural complexities and important biological activities. The total synthesis of natural products possessing this challenging structure has received considerable attention, and great advances have been made in this field during the past 15 years. This review summarizes thus far achieved chemical syntheses and synthetic studies of natural compounds featuring the benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octane core. It focuses on strategic approaches constructing the bridged structure, aiming to provide a useful reference for inspiring further advancements in strategies and total syntheses of natural products with such a framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shi-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shi-Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ya-Ling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
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3
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Baumgartner JT, Lozano Salazar LI, Varga LA, Lefebre GH, McKinnie SMK. Vanadium haloperoxidases as noncanonical terpene synthases. Methods Enzymol 2024; 699:447-475. [PMID: 38942514 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (VHPOs) are a unique family of enzymes that utilize vanadate, an aqueous halide ion, and hydrogen peroxide to produce an electrophilic halogen species that can be incorporated into electron rich organic substrates. This halogen species can react with terpene substrates and trigger halonium-induced cyclization in a manner reminiscent of class II terpene synthases. While not all VHPOs act in this capacity, several notable examples from algal and actinobacterial species have been characterized to catalyze regio- and enantioselective reactions on terpene and meroterpenoid substrates, resulting in complex halogenated cyclic terpenes through the action of single enzyme. In this article, we describe the expression, purification, and chemical assays of NapH4, a difficult to express characterized VHPO that catalyzes the chloronium-induced cyclization of its meroterpenoid substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson T Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Lia I Lozano Salazar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Lukas A Varga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel H Lefebre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Shaun M K McKinnie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
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4
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Ji CL, Zhai X, Fang QY, Zhu C, Han J, Xie J. Photoinduced activation of alkyl chlorides. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6120-6138. [PMID: 37555398 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the activation of unactivated alkyl chlorides through light-induced processes has emerged as a promising field in radical chemistry, and has led to new transformations in organic synthesis. Direct utilization of alkyl chlorides as C(sp3)-hybridized electrophiles enables the facile construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Furthermore, recent studies in medicinal chemistry indicate that their presence is associated with high levels of success in clinical trials. This review summarizes the recent advances in the photoinduced activation of unactivated alkyl chlorides and discusses the mechanistic aspects underlying these reactions. We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of unactivated chemical bond functionalization, and inspire considerable developments in organic chemistry, drug synthesis, materials science and other related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qing-Yun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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5
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Stout CN, Wasfy NM, Chen F, Renata H. Charting the Evolution of Chemoenzymatic Strategies in the Syntheses of Complex Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18161-18181. [PMID: 37553092 PMCID: PMC11107883 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bolstered by recent advances in bioinformatics, genetics, and enzyme engineering, the field of chemoenzymatic synthesis has enjoyed a rapid increase in popularity and utility. This Perspective explores the integration of enzymes into multistep chemical syntheses, highlighting the unique potential of biocatalytic transformations to streamline the synthesis of complex natural products. In particular, we identify four primary conceptual approaches to chemoenzymatic synthesis and illustrate each with a number of landmark case studies. Future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter N. Stout
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nour M. Wasfy
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
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6
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Chin EJ, Ching KC, Tan ZY, Wibowo M, Leong CY, Yang LK, Ng VWP, Seow DCS, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB. Natural Products from Singapore Soil-Derived Streptomycetaceae Family and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:5832. [PMID: 37570802 PMCID: PMC10421265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have long been used as a source of antimicrobial agents against various microorganisms. Actinobacteria are a group of bacteria best known to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites, including many antimicrobial agents. In this study, four actinobacterial strains found in Singapore terrestrial soil were investigated as potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds. Large-scale cultivation, chemical, and biological investigation led to the isolation of a previously undescribed tetronomycin A (1) that demonstrated inhibitory activities against both Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (i.e., MIC90 of 2-4 μM and MBC90 of 9-12 μM), and several known antimicrobial compounds, namely nonactin, monactin, dinactin, 4E-deacetylchromomycin A3, chromomycin A2, soyasaponin II, lysolipin I, tetronomycin, and naphthomevalin. Tetronomycin showed a two- to six-fold increase in antibacterial activity (i.e., MIC90 and MBC90 of 1-2 μM) as compared to tetronomycin A (1), indicating the presence of an oxy-methyl group at the C-27 position is important for antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.-J.C.); (K.-C.C.); (Z.Y.T.); (M.W.); (C.-Y.L.); (L.-K.Y.); (V.W.P.N.); (D.C.S.S.)
| | - Siew-Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.-J.C.); (K.-C.C.); (Z.Y.T.); (M.W.); (C.-Y.L.); (L.-K.Y.); (V.W.P.N.); (D.C.S.S.)
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7
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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8
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Direct access to trifluoromethylated α-hydroxyketones from silver-catalyzed hydroacyloxylation of trifluoromethyl propynols with acids. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Fuloria NK, Raheja RK, Shah KH, Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Fuloria S. Biological activities of meroterpenoids isolated from different sources. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830103. [PMID: 36199687 PMCID: PMC9527340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are natural products synthesized by unicellular organisms such as bacteria and multicellular organisms such as fungi, plants, and animals, including those of marine origin. Structurally, these compounds exhibit a wide diversity depending upon the origin and the biosynthetic pathway they emerge from. This diversity in structural features imparts a wide spectrum of biological activity to meroterpenoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of origin, these compounds are either polyketide-terpenoids or non-polyketide terpenoids. The recent surge of interest in meroterpenoids has led to a systematic screening of these compounds for many biological actions. Different meroterpenoids have been recorded for a broad range of operations, such as anti-cholinesterase, COX-2 inhibitory, anti-leishmanial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-bacterial, antimalarial, anti-viral, anti-obesity, and insecticidal activity. Meroterpenoids also possess inhibitory activity against the expression of nitric oxide, TNF- α, and other inflammatory mediators. These compounds also show renal protective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. The present review includes literature from 1999 to date and discusses 590 biologically active meroterpenoids, of which 231 are from fungal sources, 212 are from various species of plants, and 147 are from marine sources such as algae and sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaushal H. Shah
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha J. Oza
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A. Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shivkanya Fuloria,
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10
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Chen PYT, Adak S, Chekan JR, Liscombe DK, Miyanaga A, Bernhardt P, Diethelm S, Fielding EN, George JH, Miles ZD, Murray LAM, Steele TS, Winter JM, Noel JP, Moore BS. Structural Basis of Stereospecific Vanadium-Dependent Haloperoxidase Family Enzymes in Napyradiomycin Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1844-1852. [PMID: 35985031 PMCID: PMC10978243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (VHPOs) from Streptomyces bacteria differ from their counterparts in fungi, macroalgae, and other bacteria by catalyzing organohalogenating reactions with strict regiochemical and stereochemical control. While this group of enzymes collectively uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize halides for incorporation into electron-rich organic molecules, the mechanism for the controlled transfer of highly reactive chloronium ions in the biosynthesis of napyradiomycin and merochlorin antibiotics sets the Streptomyces vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidases apart. Here we report high-resolution crystal structures of two homologous VHPO family members associated with napyradiomycin biosynthesis, NapH1 and NapH3, that catalyze distinctive chemical reactions in the construction of meroterpenoid natural products. The structures, combined with site-directed mutagenesis and intact protein mass spectrometry studies, afforded a mechanistic model for the asymmetric alkene and arene chlorination reactions catalyzed by NapH1 and the isomerase activity catalyzed by NapH3. A key lysine residue in NapH1 situated between the coordinated vanadate and the putative substrate binding pocket was shown to be essential for catalysis. This observation suggested the involvement of the ε-NH2, possibly through formation of a transient chloramine, as the chlorinating species much as proposed in structurally distinct flavin-dependent halogenases. Unexpectedly, NapH3 is modified post-translationally by phosphorylation of an active site His (τ-pHis) consistent with its repurposed halogenation-independent, α-hydroxyketone isomerase activity. These structural studies deepen our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of VHPO enzymes and their evolution as enantioselective biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percival Yang-Ting Chen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sanjoy Adak
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - David K Liscombe
- Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Akimasa Miyanaga
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stefan Diethelm
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Elisha N Fielding
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan H George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Zachary D Miles
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lauren A M Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Taylor S Steele
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jaclyn M Winter
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph P Noel
- Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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11
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Recent development of biomimetic halogenation inspired by vanadium dependent haloperoxidase. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Yahiaoui O, Murray LAM, Zhao F, Moore BS, Houk KN, Liu F, George JH. A Diazo-Hooker Reaction, Inspired by the Biosynthesis of Azamerone. Org Lett 2022; 24:490-495. [PMID: 34994200 PMCID: PMC9006554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the biosynthesis of azamerone, we report the first example of a diazo-Hooker reaction, which involves the formation of a phthalazine ring system by the oxidative rearrangement of a diazoketone. Computational studies indicate that the diazo-Hooker reaction proceeds via an 8π-electrocyclization followed by ring contraction and aromatization. The biosynthetic origin of the diazoketone functional group was also chemically mimicked using a related natural product, naphterpin, as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Yahiaoui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lauren A M Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Fengyue Zhao
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jonathan H George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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13
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Wu Y, Du X, Wang X, Liu H, Zhou L, Tang Y, Li D. Bio-inspired construction of a tetracyclic ring system with an avarane skeleton: total synthesis of dactyloquinone A. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00792d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the asymmetric construction of an avarane skeleton. The strategy involves a Lewis acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction, which drives the methyl groups of two different configurations at the C-4 site to migrate by 1, 2-rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wu C, Yin Y, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Li YZ. Metagenomic sequencing-driven multidisciplinary approaches to shed light on the untapped microbial natural products. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:730-742. [PMID: 34775105 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The advantage of metagenomics over the culture-based natural product (NP) discovery pipeline is the ability to access the biosynthetic potential of uncultivable microbes. Advances in DNA sequencing are revolutionizing conventional metagenomics approaches for microbial NP discovery. The genomes of (in)cultivable bugs can be resolved straightforwardly from environmental samples, enabling in situ prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). The predicted chemical diversities could be realized not only by heterologous expression of gene clusters originating from DNA synthesis or direct cloning, but also potentially by bioinformatic-directed organic synthesis or chemoenzymatic total synthesis. In this review, we suggest that metagenomic sequencing in tandem with multidisciplinary approaches will form a versatile platform to shed light on a plethora of microbial 'dark matter'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lele Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue-Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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15
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Ryu MJ, Hillman PF, Lee J, Hwang S, Lee EY, Cha SS, Yang I, Oh DC, Nam SJ, Fenical W. Antibacterial Meroterpenoids, Merochlorins G-J from the Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110618. [PMID: 34822489 PMCID: PMC8624273 DOI: 10.3390/md19110618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new chlorinated meroterpenoids, merochlorins G-J (1-4), and 10, a dihydronaphthalenedione precursor, along with known merochlorins A (5) and C-F (6-9), were obtained from cultivation of the bacterium strain Streptomyces sp. CNH-189, which was isolated from marine sediment. The planar structures of compounds 1-4 and 10 were elucidated by interpretation of MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of compounds 1-4 were determined via analysis of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopic data, after which their absolute configurations were established by comparing the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of compounds 1-4 to those of previously reported possible enantiomer models and DP4 calculations. Compound 3 displayed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Kocuria rhizophila, and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 1, 2, and 2 μg/mL, respectively, whereas compound 1 exhibited weak antibacterial effects on these three strains, with a 16-32 μg/mL MIC value range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.-J.R.); (P.F.H.); (J.L.); (E.-Y.L.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Prima F. Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.-J.R.); (P.F.H.); (J.L.); (E.-Y.L.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.-J.R.); (P.F.H.); (J.L.); (E.-Y.L.); (S.-S.C.)
- Laboratories of Marine New Drugs, Redone Seoul, Seoul 08594, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.-J.R.); (P.F.H.); (J.L.); (E.-Y.L.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.-J.R.); (P.F.H.); (J.L.); (E.-Y.L.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Inho Yang
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea;
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.-J.R.); (P.F.H.); (J.L.); (E.-Y.L.); (S.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.N.); (W.F.)
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
- Correspondence: (S.-J.N.); (W.F.)
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16
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Thirupathi G, Ashok E, Suresh Kumar A, Ramachary DB. Parts-per-Million-Level, Catalytic [3+2]-Annulations for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Methanobenzo[7]annulenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:18033-18038. [PMID: 34677886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3-Alkyl-lawsones selectively reacted with α-alkyl-nitroethylenes under 500 parts-per-million (ppm) quinine-NH-thiourea-catalysis to furnish the chiral methanobenzo[7]annulenes in up to >99 % ee with >20 : 1 dr and TON up to 1820 through tandem Michael/Henry [3+2]-annulations. These asymmetric ppm-level, catalytic tandem [3+2]-annulations would be highly inspirational for the design of many more ppm-level organocatalytic reactions, and at the same time these final molecules are basic skeletons of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guguloth Thirupathi
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Etikala Ashok
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - A Suresh Kumar
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
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17
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Adak S, Moore BS. Cryptic halogenation reactions in natural product biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1760-1774. [PMID: 34676862 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Up to December 2020Enzymatic halogenation reactions are essential for the production of thousands of halogenated natural products. However, in recent years, scientists discovered several halogenases that transiently incorporate halogen atoms in intermediate biosynthetic molecules to activate them for further chemical reactions such as cyclopropanation, terminal alkyne formation, C-/O-alkylation, biaryl coupling, and C-C rearrangements. In each case, the halogen atom is lost in the course of biosynthesis to the final product and is hence termed "cryptic". In this review, we provide an overview of our current knowledge of cryptic halogenation reactions in natural product biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Adak
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA.
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA. .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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18
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Crowe C, Molyneux S, Sharma SV, Zhang Y, Gkotsi DS, Connaris H, Goss RJM. Halogenases: a palette of emerging opportunities for synthetic biology-synthetic chemistry and C-H functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9443-9481. [PMID: 34368824 PMCID: PMC8407142 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic generation of carbon-halogen bonds is a powerful strategy used by both nature and synthetic chemists to tune the bioactivity, bioavailability and reactivity of compounds, opening up the opportunity for selective C-H functionalisation. Genes encoding halogenase enzymes have recently been shown to transcend all kingdoms of life. These enzymes install halogen atoms into aromatic and less activated aliphatic substrates, achieving selectivities that are often challenging to accomplish using synthetic methodologies. Significant advances in both halogenase discovery and engineering have provided a toolbox of enzymes, enabling the ready use of these catalysts in biotransformations, synthetic biology, and in combination with chemical catalysis to enable late stage C-H functionalisation. With a focus on substrate scope, this review outlines the mechanisms employed by the major classes of halogenases, while in parallel, it highlights key advances in the utilisation of the combination of enzymatic halogenation and chemical catalysis for C-H activation and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Crowe
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Samuel Molyneux
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Sunil V. Sharma
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Danai S. Gkotsi
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Helen Connaris
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Rebecca J. M. Goss
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
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19
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Ren Y, Ge Y, Yan Q, Chen S, Li Y, Li L, Liu ZQ, Li Z. Free Radical-Promoted Monochloroalkylarylation of Alkenes with Chloralkanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12460-12466. [PMID: 34382805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Free radical-initiated cascade cyclization of unactivated alkenes with chloralkanes, which undergoes selective activation of the α-C(sp3)-H bond of chloralkanes, provides a protocol for the synthesis of chlorinated heterocycles or polycyclic compounds. A series of radical inhibition experiments, radical capture operations, and radical clock tests were studied in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shiliu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zejiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
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20
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Thapa HR, Agarwal V. Obligate Brominating Enzymes Underlie Bromoform Production by Marine Cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1131-1139. [PMID: 33556207 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae are prolific producers of bromoform (CHBr3 ). This naturally produced molecule is a potent environmental pollutant as it volatilizes into the atmosphere and contributes to depletion of the ozone layer in a manner akin to, and in magnitude similar to, man-made chlorofluorocarbons. While phototrophs such as seaweeds, diatoms, and dinoflagellates are known sources of bromoform, additional as yet unknown biogenetic sources of bromoform exist in the oceans. Here, using halogenating enzymes as diagnostic genetic elements, we demonstrate that marine cyanobacteria also possess the enzymological potential for bromoform production. Using recombinantly purified vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidases from planktonic and bloom-forming marine cyanobacteria in in vitro biochemical assays, we reconstitute the enzymatic production of bromoform. We find cyanobacterial bromoform synthesizing enzymes to be obligate brominases possessing no chlorinating activities. These results expand the repertoire of marine biotic sources that introduce this pollutant in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem R Thapa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Yi D, Bayer T, Badenhorst CPS, Wu S, Doerr M, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT. Recent trends in biocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8003-8049. [PMID: 34142684 PMCID: PMC8288269 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone revolutionary progress in the past century. Benefited by the integration of multidisciplinary technologies, natural enzymatic reactions are constantly being explored. Protein engineering gives birth to robust biocatalysts that are widely used in industrial production. These research achievements have gradually constructed a network containing natural enzymatic synthesis pathways and artificially designed enzymatic cascades. Nowadays, the development of artificial intelligence, automation, and ultra-high-throughput technology provides infinite possibilities for the discovery of novel enzymes, enzymatic mechanisms and enzymatic cascades, and gradually complements the lack of remaining key steps in the pathway design of enzymatic total synthesis. Therefore, the research of biocatalysis is gradually moving towards the era of novel technology integration, intelligent manufacturing and enzymatic total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yi
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Mark Doerr
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
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22
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Abstract
Covering: up to mid-2020 Terpenoids, also called isoprenoids, are the largest and most structurally diverse family of natural products. Found in all domains of life, there are over 80 000 known compounds. The majority of characterized terpenoids, which include some of the most well known, pharmaceutically relevant, and commercially valuable natural products, are produced by plants and fungi. Comparatively, terpenoids of bacterial origin are rare. This is counter-intuitive to the fact that recent microbial genomics revealed that almost all bacteria have the biosynthetic potential to create the C5 building blocks necessary for terpenoid biosynthesis. In this review, we catalogue terpenoids produced by bacteria. We collected 1062 natural products, consisting of both primary and secondary metabolites, and classified them into two major families and 55 distinct subfamilies. To highlight the structural and chemical space of bacterial terpenoids, we discuss their structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Although the bacterial terpenome is relatively small, it presents a fascinating dichotomy for future research. Similarities between bacterial and non-bacterial terpenoids and their biosynthetic pathways provides alternative model systems for detailed characterization while the abundance of novel skeletons, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivies presents new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Tyler A Alsup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Baofu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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23
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George JH. Biomimetic Dearomatization Strategies in the Total Synthesis of Meroterpenoid Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1843-1855. [PMID: 33793197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are biosynthesized from a limited pool of starting materials via pathways that obey the same chemical logic as textbook organic reactions. Given the structure of a natural product, it is therefore often possible to predict its likely biosynthesis. Although biosynthesis mainly occurs in the highly specific chemical environments of enzymes, the field of biomimetic total synthesis attempts to replicate predisposed pathways using chemical reagents.We have followed several guidelines in our biomimetic approach to total synthesis. The overarching aim is to construct the same skeletal C-C and C-heteroatom bonds and in the same order as our biosynthetic hypothesis. In order to explore the innate reactivity of (bio)synthetic intermediates, the use of protecting groups is avoided or at least minimized. The key step, which is usually a cascade reaction, should be predisposed to selectively generate molecular complexity under substrate control (e.g., cycloadditions, radical cyclizations, carbocation rearrangements). In general, simple reagents and mild conditions are used; many of the total syntheses presented in this Account could be achieved using pre-1980s methodology. We have focused almost exclusively on the synthesis of meroterpenoids, that is, natural products of mixed terpene and aromatic polyketide origin, using commercially available terpenes and electron-rich aromatic compounds as starting materials. Finally, all of the syntheses in this Account involve a dearomatization step as a means to trigger a cascade reaction or to construct stereochemical complexity from a planar, aromatic intermediate.A biomimetic strategy can offer several advantages to a total synthesis project. Most obviously, successful biomimetic syntheses are usually concise and efficient, naturally adhering to the atom, step, and redox economies of synthesis. For example, in this Account, we describe a four-step synthesis of garcibracteatone and a three-step synthesis of nyingchinoid A. It is difficult to imagine shorter, non-biomimetic syntheses of these intricate molecules. Furthermore, biomimetic synthesis gives insight into biosynthesis by revealing the chemical relationships between biosynthetic intermediates. Access to these natural substrates allows collaboration with biochemists to help uncover the function of newly discovered enzymes and elucidate biosynthetic pathways, as demonstrated in our work on the napyradiomycin family. Third, by making biosynthetic connections between natural products, we can sometimes highlight incorrect structural assignments, and herein we discuss structure revisions of siphonodictyal B, rasumatranin D, and furoerioaustralasine. Last, biomimetic synthesis motivates the prediction of "undiscovered natural products" (i.e., missing links in biosynthesis), which inspired the isolation of prenylbruceol A and isobruceol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. George
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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24
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Chen HP, Abe I. Microbial soluble aromatic prenyltransferases for engineered biosynthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021; 6:51-62. [PMID: 33778178 PMCID: PMC7973389 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenyltransferase (PTase) enzymes play crucial roles in natural product biosynthesis by transferring isoprene unit(s) to target substrates, thereby generating prenylated compounds. The prenylation step leads to a diverse group of natural products with improved membrane affinity and enhanced bioactivity, as compared to the non-prenylated forms. The last two decades have witnessed increasing studies on the identification, characterization, enzyme engineering, and synthetic biology of microbial PTase family enzymes. We herein summarize several examples of microbial soluble aromatic PTases for chemoenzymatic syntheses of unnatural novel prenylated compounds.
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Key Words
- Biosynthesis
- DHN, dihydroxynaphthalene
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate
- DMATS, dimethylallyltryptophan synthase
- DMSPP, dimethylallyl S-thiolodiphosphate
- Enzyme engineering
- FPP, farnesyl diphosphate
- GFPP, geranyl farnesyl diphosphate
- GPP, geranyl diphosphate
- GSPP, geranyl S- thiolodiphosphate
- IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate
- Microbial prenyltransferase
- PPP, phytyl pyrophosphate
- PTase, prenyltransferase
- Prenylation
- RiPP, ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide
- Synthetic biology
- THN, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Chen
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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25
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Yang K, Zhang F, Fang T, Li C, Li W, Song Q. Passerini-type reaction of boronic acids enables α-hydroxyketones synthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:441. [PMID: 33469014 PMCID: PMC7815879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) facilitate the rapid and diverse construction of molecular scaffolds with modularity and step economy. In this work, engagement of boronic acids as carbon nucleophiles culminates in a Passerini-type three-component coupling reaction towards the synthesis of an expanded inventory of α-hydroxyketones with skeletal diversity. In addition to the appealing features of MCRs, this protocol portrays good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope under mild conditions and operational simplicity. The utility of this chemistry is further demonstrated by amenable modifications of bioactive products and pharmaceuticals as well as in the functionalization of products to useful compounds. Multicomponent reactions enable the rapid construction of diverse molecular scaffolds with modularity and step economy. In this work, the authors report the use of boronic acids as carbon nucleophiles in a Passerini-type three-component coupling reaction towards an expanded inventory of α-hydroxyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Tongchang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
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26
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Ge Y, Yan Q, Tian Y, Wang H, Zhang C, Li Z. Metal-Free-Involved Cascade Cyclization of Unsaturated Amides with Polychloromethanes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Halogenases: structures and functions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 65:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Fernandes RA, Kumar P, Choudhary P. Evolution of Strategies in Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Natural Products: A Recent Update. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai, Powai Maharashtra India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai, Powai Maharashtra India
| | - Priyanka Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai, Powai Maharashtra India
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29
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Menon BRK, Richmond D, Menon N. Halogenases for biosynthetic pathway engineering: Toward new routes to naturals and non-naturals. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1823788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binuraj R. K. Menon
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Daniel Richmond
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Navya Menon
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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30
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Liang Y, Lv G, Ouyang X, Song R, Li J. Recent Developments in the Polychloroalkylation by Use of Simple Alkyl Chlorides. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui‐Fen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan‐Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Ren‐Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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31
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Murray LAM, McKinnie SMK, Moore BS, George JH. Meroterpenoid natural products from Streptomyces bacteria - the evolution of chemoenzymatic syntheses. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1334-1366. [PMID: 32602506 PMCID: PMC7578067 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: Up to January 2020Meroterpenoids derived from the polyketide 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN) are complex natural products produced exclusively by Streptomyces bacteria. These antibacterial compounds include the napyradiomycins, merochlorins, marinones, and furaquinocins and have inspired many attempts at their chemical synthesis. In this review, we highlight the role played by biosynthetic studies in the stimulation of biomimetic and, ultimately, chemoenzymatic total syntheses of these natural products. In particular, the application of genome mining techniques to marine Streptomyces bacteria led to the discovery of unique prenyltransferase and vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase enzymes that can be used as highly selective biocatalysts in fully enzymatic total syntheses, thus overcoming the limitations of purely chemical reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A M Murray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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32
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Marchbank DH, Ptycia-Lamky VC, Decken A, Haltli BA, Kerr RG. Guanahanolide A, a Meroterpenoid with a Sesterterpene Skeleton from Coral-Derived Streptomyces sp. Org Lett 2020; 22:6399-6403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H. Marchbank
- Nautilus Biosciences CRODA, Regis and Joan Duffy Research Centre, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Vernon C. Ptycia-Lamky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, 30 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3
| | - Bradley A. Haltli
- Nautilus Biosciences CRODA, Regis and Joan Duffy Research Centre, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Russell G. Kerr
- Nautilus Biosciences CRODA, Regis and Joan Duffy Research Centre, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
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33
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Zhao C, Yan S, Li Q, Zhu H, Zhong Z, Ye Y, Deng Z, Zhang Y. An Fe 2+ - and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Halogenase Acts on Nucleotide Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9478-9484. [PMID: 32160364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While halogenated nucleosides are used as common anticancer and antiviral drugs, naturally occurring halogenated nucleosides are rare. Adechlorin (ade) is a 2'-chloro nucleoside natural product first identified from Actinomadura sp. ATCC 39365. However, the installation of chlorine in the ade biosynthetic pathway remains elusive. Reported herein is a Fe2+ -α-ketoglutarate halogenase AdeV that can install a chlorine atom at the C2' position of 2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate to afford 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate. Furthermore, 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate and 2'-deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate can also be converted, albeit 20-fold and 2-fold, respectively, less efficiently relative to the conversion of 2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate. AdeV represents the first example of a Fe2+ -α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenase that converts nucleotides into chlorinated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shan Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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34
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Zhao C, Yan S, Li Q, Zhu H, Zhong Z, Ye Y, Deng Z, Zhang Y. An Fe
2+
‐ and α‐Ketoglutarate‐Dependent Halogenase Acts on Nucleotide Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource EvaluationSchool of PharmacyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Shan Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource EvaluationSchool of PharmacyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Qin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource EvaluationSchool of PharmacyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource EvaluationSchool of PharmacyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Zhiyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
| | - Ying Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource EvaluationSchool of PharmacyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource EvaluationSchool of PharmacyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
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35
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Rudolf JD, Chang CY. Terpene synthases in disguise: enzymology, structure, and opportunities of non-canonical terpene synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:425-463. [PMID: 31650156 PMCID: PMC7101268 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2019 Terpene synthases (TSs) are responsible for generating much of the structural diversity found in the superfamily of terpenoid natural products. These elegant enzymes mediate complex carbocation-based cyclization and rearrangement cascades with a variety of electron-rich linear and cyclic substrates. For decades, two main classes of TSs, divided by how they generate the reaction-triggering initial carbocation, have dominated the field of terpene enzymology. Recently, several novel and unconventional TSs that perform TS-like reactions but do not resemble canonical TSs in sequence or structure have been discovered. In this review, we identify 12 families of non-canonical TSs and examine their sequences, structures, functions, and proposed mechanisms. Nature provides a wide diversity of enzymes, including prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, P450s, and NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases, as well as completely new enzymes, that utilize distinctive reaction mechanisms for TS chemistry. These unique non-canonical TSs provide immense opportunities to understand how nature evolved different tools for terpene biosynthesis by structural and mechanistic characterization while affording new probes for the discovery of novel terpenoid natural products and gene clusters via genome mining. With every new discovery, the dualistic paradigm of TSs is contradicted and the field of terpene chemistry and enzymology continues to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Burchill L, Pepper HP, Sumby CJ, George JH. ortho-Quinone Methide Cyclizations Inspired by the Busseihydroquinone Family of Natural Products. Org Lett 2019; 21:8304-8307. [PMID: 31593469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of cascade reactions of o-quinone methides have been developed based on the proposed biosynthesis of busseihydroquinone and parvinaphthol meroterpenoid natural products. The polycyclic framework of the most complex family members, busseihydroquinone E and parvinaphthol C, was assembled by an intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of an electron-rich chromene substrate. The resultant cyclic enol ether underwent rearrangements under acidic or oxidative conditions, which led to a new total synthesis of rhodonoid D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Burchill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Henry P Pepper
- Department of Chemistry , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Jonathan H George
- Department of Chemistry , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
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37
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Peraka S, Pasha MA, Thirupathi G, Ramachary DB. Organocatalytic Formal Intramolecular [3+2]‐Cycloaddition to Acquire Biologically Important Methanodibenzo[
a,f
]azulenes and Methanobenzo[
f
]azulenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:14036-14041. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swamy Peraka
- Catalysis LaboratorySchool of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - Mohammed Anif Pasha
- Catalysis LaboratorySchool of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - Guguloth Thirupathi
- Catalysis LaboratorySchool of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
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38
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Murray LAM, Fallon T, Sumby CJ, George JH. Total Synthesis of Naphterpin and Marinone Natural Products. Org Lett 2019; 21:8312-8315. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. M. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Sumby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jonathan H. George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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39
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Lardon N, Liffert R, Linden A, Gademann K. The Furan Shuffling Hypothesis: A Biogenetic Proposal for Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7004-7007. [PMID: 30901154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structural similarities of the recently isolated eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids microsphaeropsisin B and C and the iso-eremophilane periconianone C, a revised biogenetic hypothesis for C8-C11-connected iso-eremophilanes is presented and corroborated by strong experimental evidence. The first enantioselective total syntheses of microsphaeropsisin B and C were achieved starting from a known intermediate, whose synthesis was elaborated previously in the total synthesis of periconianone A, and in a total of 15 steps starting from γ-hydroxy carvone. Mild reaction conditions for the subsequent α-ketol rearrangement not only resulted in the herein proposed conversion of microsphaeropsisin B into periconianone C, but also in the conversion of microsphaeropsisin C into 4-epi-periconianone C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lardon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Liffert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Lardon N, Liffert R, Linden A, Gademann K. The Furan Shuffling Hypothesis: A Biogenetic Proposal for Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lardon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Raphael Liffert
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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41
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Abstract
Enzyme-mediated cascade reactions are widespread in biosynthesis. To facilitate comparison with the mechanistic categorizations of cascade reactions by synthetic chemists and delineate the common underlying chemistry, we discuss four types of enzymatic cascade reactions: those involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, pericyclic, and radical reactions. Two subtypes of enzymes that generate radical cascades exist at opposite ends of the oxygen abundance spectrum. Iron-based enzymes use O2 to generate high valent iron-oxo species to homolyze unactivated C-H bonds in substrates to initiate skeletal rearrangements. At anaerobic end, enzymes reversibly cleave S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to generate the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical as a powerful oxidant to initiate C-H bond homolysis in bound substrates. The latter enzymes are termed radical SAM enzymes. We categorize the former as "thwarted oxygenases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (CheM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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42
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Jiang B, Xiao BX, Ouyang Q, Liang HP, Du W, Chen YC. Sequential Assembly of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates and Activated ortho-Vinylbenzaldehydes To Construct Chiral Methanobenzo[7]annulenone Frameworks. Org Lett 2019; 21:3310-3313. [PMID: 30998376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ben-Xian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hua-Ping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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43
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Bauermeister A, Pereira F, Grilo IR, Godinho CC, Paulino M, Almeida V, Gobbo‐Neto L, Prieto‐Davó A, Sobral RG, Lopes NP, Gaudêncio SP. Intra‐clade metabolomic profiling of MAR4
Streptomyces
from the Macaronesia Atlantic region reveals a source of anti‐biofilm metabolites. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1099-1112. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anelize Bauermeister
- NPPNS‐Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Monte Alegre 14040‐903 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Florbela Pereira
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Inês R. Grilo
- UCIBIO‐REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular de Bactérias Patogénicas, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Camila C. Godinho
- NPPNS‐Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Monte Alegre 14040‐903 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marisa Paulino
- UCIBIO‐REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Vanessa Almeida
- UCIBIO‐REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Leonardo Gobbo‐Neto
- NPPNS‐Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Monte Alegre 14040‐903 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alejandra Prieto‐Davó
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana y Productos Naturales MarinosUnidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Sisal Yucatán Mexico
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- UCIBIO‐REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular de Bactérias Patogénicas, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- NPPNS‐Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Monte Alegre 14040‐903 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Susana P. Gaudêncio
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
- UCIBIO‐REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Azul e Biomedicina, Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (CheM-H)Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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45
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Abstract
A concise and selective synthesis of the dichlorinated meroterpenoid azamerone is described. The paucity of tactics for the synthesis of natural-product-relevant chiral organochlorides motivated the development of unique strategies for accessing these motifs in enantioenriched forms. The route features a novel enantioselective chloroetherification reaction, a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling between a quinone diazide and a boronic hemiester, and a late-stage tetrazine [4+2]-cycloaddition/oxidation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Landry
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Grace M McKenna
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Noah Z Burns
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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46
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Schnell SD, Linden A, Gademann K. Synthesis of Two Key Fragments of the Complex Polyhalogenated Marine Meroterpenoid Azamerone. Org Lett 2019; 21:1144-1147. [PMID: 30681874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A concise route toward two advanced fragments in the context of the total synthesis of the unique natural product azamerone is reported. Key synthetic features include the enantioselective synthesis of an epoxysilane and its Lewis-acid-induced cyclization and the installation of the pyridazine ring via a formylation/condensation sequence. This route provides strategic insights into the chemistry of phthalazinediols, facilitating synthetic approaches toward this class of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Schnell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , 8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , 8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , 8057 Zurich , Switzerland
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47
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Höfler GT, But A, Hollmann F. Haloperoxidases as catalysts in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9267-9274. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01884k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current state-of-the-art of haloperoxidase catalysis in organic synthesis for halogenation reactions is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg T. Höfler
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Andrada But
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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48
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McKinnie SMK, Miles ZD, Jordan PA, Awakawa T, Pepper HP, Murray LAM, George JH, Moore BS. Total Enzyme Syntheses of Napyradiomycins A1 and B1. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17840-17845. [PMID: 30525563 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic route to the napyradiomycin family of bacterial meroterpenoids has been fully described 32 years following their original isolation and 11 years after their gene cluster discovery. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic natural products napyradiomycins A1 and B1 are produced using three organic substrates (1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and geranyl pyrophosphate), and catalysis via five enzymes: two aromatic prenyltransferases (NapT8 and T9); and three vanadium dependent haloperoxidase (VHPO) homologues (NapH1, H3, and H4). Building upon the previous characterization of NapH1, H3, and T8, we herein describe the initial (NapT9, H1) and final (NapH4) steps required for napyradiomycin construction. This remarkably streamlined biosynthesis highlights the utility of VHPO enzymology in complex natural product generation, as NapH4 efficiently performs a unique chloronium-induced terpenoid cyclization to establish two stereocenters and a new carbon-carbon bond, and dual-acting NapH1 catalyzes chlorination and etherification reactions at two distinct stages of the pathway. Moreover, we employed recombinant napyradiomycin biosynthetic enzymes to chemoenzymatically synthesize milligram quantities in one pot in 1 day. This method represents a viable enantioselective approach to produce complex halogenated metabolites, like napyradiomycin B1, that have yet to be chemically synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M K McKinnie
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Zachary D Miles
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Peter A Jordan
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Henry P Pepper
- Department of Chemistry , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Lauren A M Murray
- Department of Chemistry , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Jonathan H George
- Department of Chemistry , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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49
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Li F, Zhang X, Renata H. Enzymatic CH functionalizations for natural product synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 49:25-32. [PMID: 30269011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct functionalization of CH bond is rapidly becoming an indispensible tool in chemical synthesis. However, due to the ubiquity of CH bonds, achieving site-selective functionalization remains an arduous task, especially on advanced synthetic intermediates or natural products. In contrast, Nature has evolved a multitude of enzymes capable of performing this task with extraordinary selectivity, and the use of these enzymes in organic synthesis may provide a viable solution to contemporary challenges in site-selective functionalization of complex molecules. This review covers recent applications of enzymatic CH functionalization strategies in natural product synthesis, both in the context of key building block preparation and late-stage functionalization of advanced synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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50
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Andries-Ulmer A, Brunner C, Rehbein J, Gulder T. Fluorine as a Traceless Directing Group for the Regiodivergent Synthesis of Indoles and Tryptophans. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13034-13041. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andries-Ulmer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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