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Kanjana N, Li Y, Shen Z, Mao J, Zhang L. Effect of phenolics on soil microbe distribution, plant growth, and gall formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171329. [PMID: 38462006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, abundant secondary metabolites in plants, profoundly influence soil ecosystems, plant growth, and interactions with herbivores. In this study, we explore the intricate relationships between phenolics, soil microbes, and gall formation in Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora), an invasive plant species in China known for its allelopathic traits. Using metabolomic and microbial profiling, significant differences in soil microbial composition and metabolite profiles were observed between bulk and rhizosphere soil samples. Phenolics influenced bacterial communities, with distinct microbial populations enriched in each soil type. Additionally, phenolics impacted soil metabolic processes, with variations observed in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis between different soil treatments. Analysis of phenolic content in plant and soil samples revealed considerable variations, with higher concentrations observed in certain plant tissues and soil types. Bioactive phenols extracted from plant and soil samples were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), providing insights into the diverse chemical composition of these compounds. Furthermore, the effects of phenolics on plant growth and gall formation were investigated. Phenols exhibited both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on plant growth, with optimal concentrations promoting emergence but higher concentrations hindering growth. Gall formation was influenced by phenolic concentrations, leading to structural alterations in stem tissue and gall morphology. Histochemical analysis revealed starch and lipid accumulation in gall tissues, indicating metabolic changes induced by phenolics. The presence of phenolics disrupted tissue structures and influenced vascular bundle orientation in gall tissues. Overall, our study highlights the multifaceted roles of phenolic compounds in soil ecosystems, plant development, and gall formation, facilitating the utilization of secondary metabolites in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipapan Kanjana
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianjun Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Pastierovič F, Kalyniukova A, Hradecký J, Dvořák O, Vítámvás J, Mogilicherla K, Tomášková I. Biochemical Responses in Populus tremula: Defending against Sucking and Leaf-Chewing Insect Herbivores. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1243. [PMID: 38732458 PMCID: PMC11085190 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The main biochemical traits were estimated in poplar leaves under biotic attack (aphids and spongy moth infestation). Changes in the abundance of bioactive compounds in genetically uniform individuals of European aspen (Populus tremula), such as proline, polyphenolic compounds, chlorophylls a and b, and volatile compounds, were determined between leaves damaged by sucking insects (aphid-Chaitophorus nassonowi) and chewing insects (spongy moth-Lymantria dispar) compared to uninfected leaves. Among the nine analyzed phenolic compounds, only catechin and procyanidin showed significant differences between the control leaves and leaves affected by spongy moths or aphids. GC-TOF-MS volatile metabolome analysis showed the clear separation of the control versus aphids-infested and moth-infested leaves. In total, the compounds that proved to have the highest explanatory power for aphid-infested leaves were 3-hexenal and 5-methyl-2-furanone, and for moth-infested leaves, trans-α-farnesene and 4-cyanocyclohexane. The aphid-infested leaves contained around half the amount of chlorophylls and twice the amount of proline compared to uninfected leaves, and these results evidenced that aphids influence plant physiology more than chewing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pastierovič
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Alina Kalyniukova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Ondřej Dvořák
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Jan Vítámvás
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
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Ojeda-Prieto L, Medina-van Berkum P, Unsicker SB, Heinen R, Weisser WW. Intraspecific chemical variation of Tanacetum vulgare affects plant growth and reproductive traits in field plant communities. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38593287 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of intraspecific plant chemodiversity on plant growth and reproductive traits at both the plant and plot levels. It also aimed to understand how chemodiversity at stand level affects ecosystem functioning and plant-plant interactions. We describe a biodiversity experiment in which we manipulated intraspecific plant chemodiversity at the plot level using six different chemotypes of common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L., Asteraceae). We tested the effects of chemotype identity and plot-level chemotype richness on plant growth and reproductive traits and plot-level headspace emissions. The study found that plant chemotypes differed in growth and reproductive traits and that traits were affected by the chemotype richness of the plots. Although morphological differences among chemotypes became less pronounced over time, reproductive phenology patterns persisted. Plot-level trait means were also affected by the presence or absence of certain chemotypes in a plot, and the direction of the effect depended on the specific chemotype. However, chemotype richness did not lead to overyielding effects. Lastly, chemotype blends released from plant communities were neither richer nor more diverse with increasing plot-level chemotype richness, but became more dissimilar as they became more dissimilar in their leaf terpenoid profiles. We found that intraspecific plant chemodiversity is crucial in plant-plant interactions. We also found that the effects of chemodiversity on plant growth and reproductive traits were complex and varied depending on the chemotype richness of the plots. This long-term field experiment will allow further investigation into plant-insect interactions and insect community assembly in response to intraspecific chemodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ojeda-Prieto
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - P Medina-van Berkum
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - S B Unsicker
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Plant-Environment-Interactions Group, Botanical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Heinen
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - W W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Olander A, Raina JB, Lawson CA, Bartels N, Ueland M, Suggett DJ. Distinct emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from temperate benthic taxa. Metabolomics 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 38129550 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted by all organisms as intermediate or end-products of metabolic processes. Individual BVOCs perform important physiological, ecological and climatic functions, and collectively constitute the volatilome-which can be reflective of organism taxonomy and health. Although BVOC emissions of tropical benthic reef taxa have recently been the focus of multiple studies, emissions derived from their temperate counterparts have never been characterised. OBJECTIVES Characterise the volatilomes of key competitors for benthic space among Australian temperate reefs. METHODS Six fragments/fronds of a temperate coral (Plesiastrea versipora) and a macroalga (Ecklonia radiata) from a Sydney reef site were placed within modified incubation chambers filled with seawater. Organism-produced BVOCs were captured on thermal desorption tubes using a purge-and-trap methodology, and were then analysed using GC × GC - TOFMS and multivariate tests. RESULTS Analysis detected 55 and 63 BVOCs from P. versipora and E. radiata respectively, with 30 of these common between species. Each taxon was characterised by a similar relative composition of chemical classes within their volatilomes. However, 14 and 10 volatiles were distinctly emitted by either E. radiata or P. versipora respectively, including the halogenated compounds iodomethane, tribromomethane, carbon tetrachloride and trichloromonofluoromethane. While macroalgal cover was 3.7 times greater than coral cover at the sampling site, P. versipora produced on average 17 times more BVOCs per cm2 of live tissue, resulting in an estimated contribution to local BVOC emission that was 4.7 times higher than E. radiata. CONCLUSION Shifts in benthic community composition could disproportionately impact local marine chemistry and affect how ecosystems contribute to broader BVOC emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Olander
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Caitlin A Lawson
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha Bartels
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maiken Ueland
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- KAUST Reefscape Restoration Initiative (KRRI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Sun S, Tang N, Han K, Wang Q, Xu Q. Effects of 2-Phenylethanol on Controlling the Development of Fusarium graminearum in Wheat. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2954. [PMID: 38138097 PMCID: PMC10745961 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Applying plant-derived fungicides is a safe and sustainable way to control wheat scab. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of wheat cultivars with and without the resistance gene Fhb1 were analyzed by GC-MS, and 2-phenylethanol was screened out. The biocontrol function of 2-phenylethanol on Fusarium graminearum was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Metabolomics analysis indicated that 2-phenylethanol altered the amino acid pathways of F. graminearum, affecting its normal life activities. Under SEM and TEM observation, the mycelial morphology changed, and the integrity of the cell membrane was destroyed. Furthermore, 2-phenylethanol could inhibit the production of mycotoxins (DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON) by F. graminearum and reduce grain contamination. This research provides new ideas for green prevention and control of wheat FHB in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Nawen Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Kun Han
- Departmen of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Qunqing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.S.); (N.T.)
- Departmen of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Qian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (S.S.); (N.T.)
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Andrade FM, Sales L, Favaris AP, Bento JMS, Mithöfer A, Peñaflor MFGV. Identity Matters: Multiple Herbivory Induces Less Attractive or Repellent Coffee Plant Volatile Emission to Different Natural Enemies. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:696-709. [PMID: 37875650 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Co-infestations by herbivores, a common situation found in natural settings, can distinctly affect induced plant defenses compared to single infestations. Related tritrophic interactions might be affected through the emission of changed blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In a previous study, we observed that the infestation by red spider mite (Oligonychus ilicis) on coffee plants facilitated the infestation by white mealybug (Planococcus minor), whereas the reverse sequence of infestation did not occur. Here, we examined the involvement of the jasmonate and salicylate pathways in the plant-mediated asymmetrical facilitation between red spider mites and white mealybugs as well as the effect of multiple herbivory on attractiveness to the predatory mite Euseius concordis and the ladybug Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Both mite and mealybug herbivory led to the accumulation of JA-Ile, JA, and cis-OPDA in plants, although the catabolic reactions of JA-Ile were specifically regulated by each herbivore. Infestation by mites or mealybugs induced the release of novel volatiles by coffee plants, which selectively attracted their respective predators. Even though the co-infestation by mites and mealybugs resulted in a stronger accumulation of JA-Ile, JA and SA than the single infestation treatments, the volatile emission was similar to that of mite-infested or mealybug-infested plants. However, multiple infestation had a negative impact on the attractiveness of HIPVs to the predators, making them less attractive to the predatory mite and a repellent to the ladybug. We discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of the susceptibility induced by mites, and the effect of multiple infestation on each predator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Sales
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Arodí P Favaris
- 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Simões Bento
- 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Fernanda G V Peñaflor
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, PO Box 3037, Lavras, 37203-202, Brazil.
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Ranner JL, Schalk S, Martyniak C, Parniske M, Gutjahr C, Stark TD, Dawid C. Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37466334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a leguminous model plant used to gain insight into plant physiology, stress response, and especially symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, such as root nodule symbiosis or arbuscular mycorrhiza. Responses to changing environmental conditions, stress, microbes, or insect pests are generally accompanied by changes in primary and secondary metabolism to account for physiological needs or to produce defensive or signaling compounds. Here we provide an overview of the primary and secondary metabolites identified in L. japonicus to date. Identification of the metabolites is mainly based on mass spectral tags (MSTs) obtained by gas chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). These MSTs contain retention index and mass spectral information, which are compared to databases with MSTs of authentic standards. More than 600 metabolites are grouped into compound classes such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, organic acids and phosphates, lipids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, phytohormones, and additional defense compounds. Their physiological effects are briefly discussed, and the detection methods are explained. This review of the exisiting literature on L. japonicus metabolites provides a valuable basis for future metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef L Ranner
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schalk
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Cindy Martyniak
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship of Functional Phytometabolomics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Kutty NN, Mishra M. Dynamic distress calls: volatile info chemicals induce and regulate defense responses during herbivory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135000. [PMID: 37416879 PMCID: PMC10322200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously threatened by a plethora of biotic stresses caused by microbes, pathogens, and pests, which often act as the major constraint in crop productivity. To overcome such attacks, plants have evolved with an array of constitutive and induced defense mechanisms- morphological, biochemical, and molecular. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of specialized metabolites that are naturally emitted by plants and play an important role in plant communication and signaling. During herbivory and mechanical damage, plants also emit an exclusive blend of volatiles often referred to as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). The composition of this unique aroma bouquet is dependent upon the plant species, developmental stage, environment, and herbivore species. HIPVs emitted from infested and non-infested plant parts can prime plant defense responses by various mechanisms such as redox, systemic and jasmonate signaling, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and transcription factors; mediate histone modifications; and can also modulate the interactions with natural enemies via direct and indirect mechanisms. These specific volatile cues mediate allelopathic interactions leading to altered transcription of defense-related genes, viz., proteinase inhibitors, amylase inhibitors in neighboring plants, and enhanced levels of defense-related secondary metabolites like terpenoids and phenolic compounds. These factors act as deterrents to feeding insects, attract parasitoids, and provoke behavioral changes in plants and their neighboring species. This review presents an overview of the plasticity identified in HIPVs and their role as regulators of plant defense in Solanaceous plants. The selective emission of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) including hexanal and its derivatives, terpenes, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) inducing direct and indirect defense responses during an attack from phloem-sucking and leaf-chewing pests is discussed. Furthermore, we also focus on the recent developments in the field of metabolic engineering focused on modulation of the volatile bouquet to improve plant defenses.
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Rocha DDD, Santos BLF, Melo JOF, Nascimento PT, Fadini MAM. Volatile compounds from soybeans under multiple on herbivores infestations attract the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e267598. [PMID: 37283334 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.267598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-induced resistance can be an important component of soybean mites biological control programs. This work evaluates the preference of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to soybean plants under single and multiple herbivory conditions by two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), and velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using a Y olfactometer, the following scenarios were evaluated: soybean with no infestation and soybean infested with A. gemmatalis; soybean infested with T. urticae and A. gemmatalis, and soybean infested with T. urticae and with both T. urticae and A. gemmatalis. Volatile compounds released by plants were analyzed and identified by a Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer with a solid phase micro-extraction ion-trap. The predatory mite N. californicus preferred soybean plants infested with T. urticae compared to those infested with A. gemmatalis. Multiple infestation did not interfere with its preference to T. urticae. Multiple herbivory of T. urticae and A. gemmatalis modified the chemical profile of volatile compounds emitted by soybean plants. However, it did not interfere with the search behavior of N. californicus. Out of the 29 identified compounds only five promoted predatory mite response. Thus, regardless of single or multiple herbivory by T. urticae with or without A. gemmatalis, the indirect induced resistance mechanisms operate similarly. As such, this mechanism contributes to an increase in the encounter rate between predator and prey for N. Californicus and T. urticae, and the efficacy of biological control of mites on soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D D Rocha
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ, Department of Agricultural Science, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - B L F Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ, Department of Agricultural Science, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - J O F Melo
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ, Department of Agricultural Science, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - P T Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ, Department of Agricultural Science, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - M A M Fadini
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ, Department of Agricultural Science, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
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Mezzomo P, Weinhold A, Aurová K, Jorge LR, Kozel P, Michálek J, Nováková N, Seifert CL, Volfová T, Engström M, Salminen J, Sedio BE, Volf M. Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10123. [PMID: 37255847 PMCID: PMC10225982 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce diverse chemical defenses with contrasting effects on different insect herbivores. Deploying herbivore-specific responses can help plants increase their defensive efficiency. Here, we explore how variation in induced plant responses correlates with herbivore species, order, feeding guild, and level of specialization. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed 149 plants of Salix fragilis (Linnaeus, 1753) to 22 herbivore species naturally associated with this host. The insects belonged to four orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera), three feeding guilds (external leaf-chewers, leaf-tying chewers, and sap-sucking), and included both dietary specialists and generalists. Following herbivory, we quantified induced changes in volatiles and nonvolatile leaf metabolites. We performed multivariate analyses to assess the correlation between herbivore order, feeding guild, dietary specialization, chewing damage by herbivores, and induced responses. The volatile composition was best explained by chewing damage and insect order, with Coleoptera and Lepidoptera eliciting significantly different responses. Furthermore, we recorded significant differences in elicited volatiles among some species within the two orders. Variation in nonvolatile leaf metabolites was mainly explained by the presence of insects, as plants exposed to herbivores showed significantly different metabolites from controls. Herbivore order also played a role to some extent, with beetles eliciting different responses than other herbivores. The induction of volatile and nonvolatile leaf metabolites shows different levels of specificity. The specificity in volatiles could potentially serve as an important cue to specialized predators or parasitoids, increasing the efficacy of volatiles as indirect defenses. By contrast, the induction of nonvolatile leaf metabolites was largely unaffected by herbivore identity. Most nonvolatile metabolites were downregulated, possibly indicating that plants redirected their resources from leaves in response to herbivory. Our results demonstrate how diverse responses to herbivores can contribute to the diversity of plant defensive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Mezzomo
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityUniversity of JenaJenaGermany
| | - Klára Aurová
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Petr Kozel
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Jan Michálek
- Centre Algatech CASInstitute of MicrobiologyTřeboňCzech Republic
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of ParasitologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Nela Nováková
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Carlo L. Seifert
- Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Tereza Volfová
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | | | | | - Brian E. Sedio
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, AncónRepublic of Panama
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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11
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Annaz H, El Fakhouri K, Ben Bakrim W, Mahdi I, El Bouhssini M, Sobeh M. Bergamotenes: A comprehensive compile of their natural occurrence, biosynthesis, toxicity, therapeutic merits and agricultural applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36876517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2184766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids constitute the largest subgroup of terpenoids that have numerous applications in pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance industries as well as biofuels. Bergamotenes, a type of bicyclic sesquiterpenes, are found in plants, insects, and fungi with α-trans-bergamotene as the most abundant compound. Bergamotenes and their related structures (Bergamotane sesquiterpenoids) have been shown to possess diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and insecticidal effects. However, studies on their biotechnological potential are still limited. This review compiles the characteristics of bergamotenes and their related structures in terms of occurrence, biosynthesis pathways, and biological activities. It further discusses their functionalities and potential applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pest management sectors. This review also opens novel perspectives in identifying and harnessing bergamotenes for pharmaceutical and agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Annaz
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Karim El Fakhouri
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Widad Ben Bakrim
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Ismail Mahdi
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Bouhssini
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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12
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Yao C, Du L, Liu Q, Hu X, Ye W, Turlings TCJ, Li Y. Stemborer-induced rice plant volatiles boost direct and indirect resistance in neighboring plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2375-2387. [PMID: 36259093 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are known to be perceived by neighboring plants, resulting in induction or priming of chemical defenses. There is little information on the defense responses that are triggered by these plant-plant interactions, and the phenomenon has rarely been studied in rice. Using chemical and molecular analyses in combination with insect behavioral and performance experiments, we studied how volatiles emitted by rice plants infested by the striped stemborer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis affect defenses against this pest in conspecific plants. Compared with rice plants exposed to the volatiles from uninfested plants, plants exposed to SSB-induced volatiles showed enhanced direct and indirect resistance to SSB. When subjected to caterpillar damage, the HIPV-exposed plants showed increased expression of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling genes, resulting in JA accumulation and higher levels of defensive proteinase inhibitors. Moreover, plants exposed to SSB-induced volatiles emitted larger amounts of inducible volatiles and were more attractive to the parasitoid Cotesia chilonis. By unraveling the factors involved in HIPV-mediated defense priming in rice, we reveal a key defensive role for proteinase inhibitors. These findings pave the way for novel rice management strategies to enhance the plant's resistance to one of its most devastating pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lixiao Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Tritrophic Interactions among Arthropod Natural Enemies, Herbivores and Plants Considering Volatile Blends at Different Scale Levels. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020251. [PMID: 36672186 PMCID: PMC9856403 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are released by plants upon damaged or disturbance by phytophagous insects. Plants emit HIPV signals not merely in reaction to tissue damage, but also in response to herbivore salivary secretions, oviposition, and excrement. Although certain volatile chemicals are retained in plant tissues and released rapidly upon damaged, others are synthesized de novo in response to herbivore feeding and emitted not only from damaged tissue but also from nearby by undamaged leaves. HIPVs can be used by predators and parasitoids to locate herbivores at different spatial scales. The HIPV-emitting spatial pattern is dynamic and heterogeneous in nature and influenced by the concentration, chemical makeup, breakdown of the emitted mixes and environmental elements (e.g., turbulence, wind and vegetation) which affect the foraging of biocontrol agents. In addition, sensory capability to detect volatiles and the physical ability to move towards the source were also different between natural enemy individuals. The impacts of HIPVs on arthropod natural enemies have been partially studied at spatial scales, that is why the functions of HIPVs is still subject under much debate. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge and loopholes regarding the role of HIPVs in tritrophic interactions at multiple scale levels. Therefore, we contend that closing these loopholes will make it much easier to use HIPVs for sustainable pest management in agriculture.
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Midzi J, Jeffery DW, Baumann U, Rogiers S, Tyerman SD, Pagay V. Stress-Induced Volatile Emissions and Signalling in Inter-Plant Communication. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192566. [PMID: 36235439 PMCID: PMC9573647 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sessile plant has developed mechanisms to survive the “rough and tumble” of its natural surroundings, aided by its evolved innate immune system. Precise perception and rapid response to stress stimuli confer a fitness edge to the plant against its competitors, guaranteeing greater chances of survival and productivity. Plants can “eavesdrop” on volatile chemical cues from their stressed neighbours and have adapted to use these airborne signals to prepare for impending danger without having to experience the actual stress themselves. The role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plant–plant communication has gained significant attention over the past decade, particularly with regard to the potential of VOCs to prime non-stressed plants for more robust defence responses to future stress challenges. The ecological relevance of such interactions under various environmental stresses has been much debated, and there is a nascent understanding of the mechanisms involved. This review discusses the significance of VOC-mediated inter-plant interactions under both biotic and abiotic stresses and highlights the potential to manipulate outcomes in agricultural systems for sustainable crop protection via enhanced defence. The need to integrate physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches in understanding the underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in volatile signalling is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanah Midzi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - David W. Jeffery
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Suzy Rogiers
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Yactayo-Chang JP, Hunter CT, Alborn HT, Christensen SA, Block AK. Production of the Green Leaf Volatile (Z)-3-Hexenal by a Zea mays Hydroperoxide Lyase. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172201. [PMID: 36079583 PMCID: PMC9460041 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-produced volatile compounds play important roles in plant signaling and in the communication of plants with other organisms. Many plants emit green leaf volatiles (GLVs) in response to damage or attack, which serve to warn neighboring plants or attract predatory or parasitic insects to help defend against insect pests. GLVs include aldehydes, esters, and alcohols of 6-carbon compounds that are released rapidly following wounding. One GLV produced by maize (Zea mays) is the volatile (Z)-3-hexenal; this volatile is produced from the cleavage of (9Z,11E,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid by hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) of the cytochrome P450 CYP74B family. The specific HPL in maize involved in (Z)-3-hexenal production had not been determined. In this study, we used phylogenetics with known HPLs from other species to identify a candidate HPL from maize (ZmHPL). To test the ability of the putative HPL to produce (Z)-3-hexenal, we constitutively expressed the gene in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 that contains a natural loss-of-function mutant in AtHPL and examined the transgenic plants for restored (Z)-3-hexenal production. Volatile analysis of leaves from these transgenic plants showed that they did produce (Z)-3-hexenal, confirming that ZmHPL can produce (Z)-3-hexenal in vivo. Furthermore, we used gene expression analysis to show that expression of ZmHPL is induced in maize in response to both wounding and the insect pests Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera exigua. Our study demonstrates that ZmHPL can produce GLVs and highlights its likely role in (Z)-3-hexenal production in response to mechanical damage and herbivory in maize.
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Shi MZ, Li JY, Chen YT, Fang L, Wei H, Fu JW. Plant Volatile Compounds of the Invasive Alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, Infested by Agasicles hygrophila Selman and Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081257. [PMID: 36013435 PMCID: PMC9410005 DOI: 10.3390/life12081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants release a variety of volatiles and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) after being damaged by herbivorous insects, which play multiple roles in the interactions with other plants and insects. Agasicles hygrophila Selman and Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a monophagous natural enemy and an effective biocontrol agent for Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Here, we reported differences among the volatiles of A. philoxeroides by solid phase microextraction (SPME) using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). We compared the volatile emission of: (1) clean plants (CK); (2) A. philoxeroides plants with mechanical damage treatment (MD); and (3) A. philoxeroides plants infested with A. hygrophila 1st, 2nd, and 3rd larvae and female and male adults. A total of 97 volatiles were recorded, of which 5 occurred consistently in all treatments, while 61 volatiles were only observed in A. philoxeroides infested by A. hygrophila, such as trans-nerolidol, (E)-β-farnesene, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (E, E-TMTT), etc. Among the 97 volatile compounds, 37 compounds belong to alkenes, 29 compounds belong to alkanes, and there were 8 esters, 8 alcohols and 6 ketones. Orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that the different treatments were separated from each other, especially insect feeding from CK and MD treatments, and 19 volatiles contributed most to the separation among the treatments, with variable importance for the projection (VIP) values > 1. Our findings indicated that the alligatorweed plants could be induced to release volatiles by different stages of A. hygrophila, and the volatile compounds released differ quantitatively and qualitatively. The results from this study laid an important foundation for using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and HIPVs of alligatorweed to improve the control effect of A. hygrophila on A. philoxeroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Zhu Shi
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Z.S.); (J.-W.F.)
| | - Jian-Yu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hang Wei
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jian-Wei Fu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Z.S.); (J.-W.F.)
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17
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Vázquez‐González C, Pombo‐Salinas L, Martín‐Cacheda L, Rasmann S, Röder G, Abdala‐Roberts L, Mooney KA, Moreira X. Effect of water availability on volatile‐mediated communication between potato plants in response to insect herbivory. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vázquez‐González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California‐Irvine California USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Laura Pombo‐Salinas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Lucía Martín‐Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile‐Argand 11 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile‐Argand 11 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala‐Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4‐116, Itzimná. 97000. Mérida Yucatán México
| | - Kailen A. Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California‐Irvine California USA
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
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Gu D, Wu S, Yu Z, Zeng L, Qian J, Zhou X, Yang Z. Involvement of histone deacetylase CsHDA2 in regulating ( E)-nerolidol formation in tea ( Camellia sinensis) exposed to tea green leafhopper infestation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac158. [PMID: 36324644 PMCID: PMC9613726 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) help the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) adapt to environmental stress, and they are also quality-related components of tea. However, the upstream mechanism regulating the herbivore-induced expression of volatile biosynthesis genes is unclear, especially at the level of epigenetic regulation. In this study, similar to the effects of a tea green leafhopper infestation, treatments with exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and histone deacetylase inhibitors significantly increased the (E)-nerolidol content in tea and induced the expression of the associated biosynthesis gene CsNES. Furthermore, a key transcription factor related to JA signaling, myelocytomatosis 2 (CsMYC2), interacted with histone deacetylase 2 (CsHDA2) in vitro and in vivo. A tea green leafhopper infestation inhibited CsHDA2 expression and decreased CsHDA2 abundance. Moreover, the tea green leafhopper infestation increased H3 and H4 acetylation levels in the promoter region of CsNES, which in turn upregulated the expression of CsNES and increased the (E)-nerolidol content. In this study, we revealed the effects of histone acetylations on the accumulation of HIPVs, while also confirming that CsHDA2-CsMYC2 is an important transcriptional regulatory module for the accumulation of (E)-nerolidol induced by tea green leafhoppers. The results of this study may be useful for characterizing plant aromatic compounds and the main upstream stress-responsive signaling molecules. Furthermore, the study findings will assist researchers clarify the epigenetic regulation influencing plant secondary metabolism in response to external stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiajia Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Chen ZL, Huang C, Li XS, Li GC, Yu TH, Fu GJ, Zhang X, Song C, Bai PH, Cao L, Qian WQ, Wan FH, Han RC, Tang R. Behavioural regulator and molecular reception of a double-edge-sword hunter beetle. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2693-2703. [PMID: 35388600 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The black carabid beetle Calosoma maximoviczi is a successful predator that serves as both a beneficial insect and a severe threat to economic herbivores. Its hunting technique relies heavily on olfaction, but the underlying mechanism has not been studied. Here, we report the electrophysiological, ecological and molecular traits of bioactive components identified from a comprehensive panel of natural odorants in the beetle-prey-plant system. The aim of this work was to investigate olfactory perceptions and their influence on the behaviours of C. maximoviczi. RESULTS Among the 200 identified volatiles, 18 were concentrated in beetle and prey samples, and 14 were concentrated in plants. Insect feeding damage to plants led to a shift in the emission fingerprint. Twelve volatiles were selected using successive electrophysiological tests. Field trials showed that significant sex differences existed when trapping with a single chemical or chemical mixture. Expression profiles indicated that sex-biased catches were related to the expression of 15 annotated CmaxOBPs and 40 CmaxORs across 12 chemosensory organs. In silico evaluations were conducted with 16 CmaxORs using modelling and docking. Better recognition was predicted for the pairs CmaxOR5-(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, CmaxOR6-β-caryophyllene, CmaxOR18-(E)-β-ocimene and CmaxOR18-tetradecane, with higher binding affinity and a suitable binding pocket. Lastly, 168Y in CmaxOR6 and 142Y in CmaxOR18 were predicted as key amino acid residues for binding β-caryophyllene and tetradecane, respectively. CONCLUSION This work provides an example pipeline for de novo investigation in C. maximoviczi baits and the underlying olfactory perceptions. The results will benefit the future development of trapping-based integrated pest management strategies and the deorphanization of odorant receptors in ground beetles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Liang Chen
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Li
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Hong Yu
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Guan-Jun Fu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ce Song
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Peng-Hua Bai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Qiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ri-Chou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Liu L, Wang X, Lai Y, He G, Wen S, He H, Li Z, Zhang B, Zhang D. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the significant effects of fertilization on the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in Phoebe bournei. Genomics 2022; 114:110375. [PMID: 35490893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant. Its essential oils (Eos) are mainly composed of sesquiterpenes that has potential activities of anti-bacteria and anti-tumors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of compost and compound fertilizer on the total amount and main components of Eos in P. bournei, we also studied the molecular mechanism undergoing this process by deep sequencing the genes involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes. Fertilization enhanced the total amount of main components in Eos from both leaves and twigs. Bicyclogermacrene, the primary sesquiterpene in the leaf EO, was significantly increased under compost treatment, while bicyclogermacrene and δ-cadinene (the second most abundant sesquiterpene) were decreased under compound fertilizer treatment. The two fertilizers had no significant effect on the abundance of the primary (+) - δ-cadinene in the twig EO, but had a positive effect on the second most abundant sesquiterpene copaene. Significant differences were observed in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the leaves showing greater number of DEGs as compared to the twigs after compost treatment. Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (TBB) is a key pathway of sesquiterpenes synthesis. The expression of genes regulating several important enzymes in TBB was altered after fertilization. After the compost treatment, the expression of the leaf DXS gene (ACQ66107.1), being closely related to the sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. bournei leaves, was decreased. Compost and compound fertilizer altered the expression of the two important branch-point enzymes (FPPS and GGPPS) genes (ART33314.1 and ATT59265.1), which contributed to the changes of the total amount and components of P. bournei sesquiterpenes. This study provides a new insight into the future use of P. bournei for Eos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yong Lai
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gongxiu He
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Shizhi Wen
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hanjie He
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenshan Li
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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21
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Cai X, Guo Y, Bian L, Luo Z, Li Z, Xiu C, Fu N, Chen Z. Variation in the ratio of compounds in a plant volatile blend during transmission by wind. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6176. [PMID: 35418592 PMCID: PMC9007946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For plant volatiles to mediate interactions in tritrophic systems, they must convey accurate and reliable information to insects. However, it is unknown whether the ratio of compounds in plant volatile blends remains stable during wind transmission. In this study, volatiles released from an odor source were collected at different points in a wind tunnel and analyzed. The variation in the amounts of volatiles collected at different points formed a rough cone shape. The amounts of volatiles collected tended to decrease with increasing distance from the odor source. Principal component analyses showed that the volatile profiles were dissimilar among different collection points. The profiles of volatiles collected nearest the odor source were the most similar to the released odor. Higher wind speed resulted in a clearer spatial distribution of volatile compounds. Thus, variations in the ratios of compounds in odor plumes exist even during transport over short distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yuhang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Chunli Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Nanxia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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22
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Perreca E, Eberl F, Santoro MV, Wright LP, Schmidt A, Gershenzon J. Effect of Drought and Methyl Jasmonate Treatment on Primary and Secondary Isoprenoid Metabolites Derived from the MEP Pathway in the White Spruce Picea glauca. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073838. [PMID: 35409197 PMCID: PMC8998179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
White spruce (Picea glauca) emits monoterpenes that function as defensive signals and weapons after herbivore attack. We assessed the effects of drought and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, used as a proxy for herbivory, on monoterpenes and other isoprenoids in P. glauca. The emission of monoterpenes was significantly increased after MeJA treatment compared to the control, but drought suppressed the MeJA-induced increase. The composition of the emitted blend was altered strongly by stress, with drought increasing the proportion of oxygenated compounds and MeJA increasing the proportion of induced compounds such as linalool and (E)-β-ocimene. In contrast, no treatment had any significant effect on the levels of stored monoterpenes and diterpenes. Among other MEP pathway-derived isoprenoids, MeJA treatment decreased chlorophyll levels by 40%, but had no effect on carotenoids, while drought stress had no impact on either of these pigment classes. Of the three described spruce genes encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) catalyzing the first step of the MEP pathway, the expression of only one, DXS2B, was affected by our treatments, being increased by MeJA and decreased by drought. These findings show the sensitivity of monoterpene emission to biotic and abiotic stress regimes, and the mediation of the response by DXS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Perreca
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.E.); (M.V.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Franziska Eberl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.E.); (M.V.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maricel Valeria Santoro
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.E.); (M.V.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.)
| | | | - Axel Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.E.); (M.V.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.E.); (M.V.S.); (A.S.); (J.G.)
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23
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Cibils-Stewart X, Kliebenstein DJ, Li B, Giles K, McCornack BP, Nechols J. Aphid Species and Feeding Location on Canola Influences the Impact of Glucosinolates on a Native Lady Beetle Predator. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:52-62. [PMID: 35171280 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aphids that attack canola (Brassica napus L.) exhibit feeding preferences for different parts of canola plants, which may be associated with brassica-specific glucosinolates. However, this idea remains untested. Furthermore, canola aphid species employ different strategies for tolerating glucosinolates. While the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), excretes glucosinolates, the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sequesters them. Given the different detoxification mechanisms, we predicted that both aphid species and aphid feeding location would affect prey suitability for larvae of the predator, Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We hypothesized that aphids, specifically glucosinolate-sequestering cabbage aphid, reared on reproductive structures that harbor higher glucosinolates concentrations would have greater negative effects on predators than those reared on vegetative structures which have lower levels of glucosinolates, and that the impact of aphid feeding location would vary depending on the prey detoxification mechanism. To test these predictions, we conducted experiments to compare 1) glucosinolates profiles between B. brassicae and M. persicae reared on reproductive and vegetative canola structures, 2) aphid population growth on each structure, and 3) their subsequent impact on fitness traits of H. convergens. Results indicate that the population growth of both aphids was greater on reproductive structures, with B. brassicae having the highest population growth. B. brassicae reared on reproductive structures had the highest concentrations of glucosinolates, and the greatest adverse effects on H. convergens. These findings suggest that both aphid-prey species and feeding location on canola could influence populations of this predator and, thus, its potential for biological control of canola aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Cibils-Stewart
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Investigación en Pasturas y Forrajeras, INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 Km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kristopher Giles
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Brian P McCornack
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James Nechols
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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24
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Hauri KC, Szendrei Z. A Meta-analysis of Interactions Between Insect Herbivores and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:1-10. [PMID: 35171278 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivores and plant-parasitic nematodes are global, economically devastating pests that are present in nearly every crop and natural system worldwide. Although they may be spatially separated, they indirectly interact with each other by altering both plant chemical defense and nutrition. However, the outcome of these interactions is highly variable across different focal species. We performed a meta-analysis to determine how plant and nematode traits influence insect herbivore growth and reproduction, as well as nematode abundance and reproduction. We investigated how interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes and insect herbivores influence plant biomass, carbon, and nitrogen in the roots and shoots. We found no overall effect of nematodes on insect herbivores or insect herbivores on nematodes. However, while phloem-feeding insect reproduction was not affected by nematode feeding guild or plant family, chewing insect growth increased in the presence of cyst nematodes and decreased in the presence of gall nematodes. The effect of nematodes on chewing insect herbivore growth was also affected by the focal plant family. Nematode presence did not alter plant biomass when plants were exposed to aboveground insect herbivory, but carbon and nitrogen were higher in roots and nitrogen was higher in shoots of plants with nematodes and insects compared to plants with insects alone. Our results indicate that the mechanisms driving the outcome of aboveground-belowground interactions are still unclear, but those chewing insects may have more variable responses to nematode damage than phloem-feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh C Hauri
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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25
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Amo L, Mrazova A, Saavedra I, Sam K. Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate Increases Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Pyrenean Oak Trees, Quercus pyrenaica. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:84. [PMID: 35053082 PMCID: PMC8773279 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The tri-trophic interactions between plants, insects, and insect predators and parasitoids are often mediated by chemical cues. The attraction to herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles (HIPVs) has been well documented for arthropod predators and parasitoids, and more recently for insectivorous birds. The attraction to plant volatiles induced by the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a phytohormone typically produced in response to an attack of chewing herbivores, has provided controversial results both in arthropod and avian predators. In this study, we examined whether potential differences in the composition of bouquets of volatiles produced by herbivore-induced and MeJA-treated Pyrenean oak trees (Quercus pyrenaica) were related to differential avian attraction, as results from a previous study suggested. Results showed that the overall emission of volatiles produced by MeJA-treated and herbivore-induced trees did not differ, and were higher than emissions of Control trees, although MeJA treatment showed a more significant reaction and released several specific compounds in contrast to herbivore-induced trees. These slight yet significant differences in the volatile composition may explain why avian predators were not so attracted to MeJA-treated trees, as observed in a previous study in this plant-herbivore system. Unfortunately, the lack of avian visits to the experimental trees in the current study did not allow us to confirm this result and points out the need to perform more robust predator studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Amo
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos C/ Tulipán, s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Anna Mrazova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Saavedra
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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26
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Improvement of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Fitness on Chinese Kale upon Simultaneous Herbivory by Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010072. [PMID: 35053070 PMCID: PMC8773130 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Different herbivores feeding on the same plant can interact through plant-mediated effects. Cotton whitefly and diamondback moth are two of the most destructive pests in the world, and they often occur together in cruciferous plants. However, how the performance and fitness of them are affected when co-occurring in the same host plant remains unclear. The present study demonstrates that cotton whitefly has become a dominant competitor by gaining increased fitness benefits when it is mixed with DBM on the same host plant irrespective of sequences of their arrival, which may be one of the reasons for the rapid expansion and outbreak of the whitefly population worldwide. Abstract Bemisia tabaci and the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, are two major cosmopolitan pests that often occur together and cause severe economic losses to cruciferous crops. However, little is known about how they interact with each other. To determine the effects of defense responses induced by the two pests on the biology and population dynamics of the herbivores, we studied the performance and fitness of B. tabaci and DBM when they damaged Chinese kale simultaneously and in different orders. The results showed that DBM pre-infestation shortened the developmental duration, increased longevity, oviposition days, and fecundity of B. tabaci. Meanwhile, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) of B. tabaci increased significantly with dual infection as compared with only B. tabaci infestation. In contrast, B. tabaci pre-infestation reduced the longevity and oviposition days of DBM, but the population parameters r, R0, and λ did not vary significantly compared with only DBM infestation. Thus, co-infestation of B. tabaci and DBM was beneficial to the performance of the B. tabaci population. The present findings highlight that B. tabaci has become a dominant competitor when mixing with DBM on the same host plant.
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Kaur K, Sharma S, Gupta R, Munikrishnappa VKT, Chandel M, Ahamed M, Singhal NK, Bakthavatsalam N, Gorantla M, Muthusamy E, Subaharan K, Shanmugam V. Nanomaze Lure: Pheromone Sandwich in Graphene Oxide Interlayers for Sustainable Targeted Pest Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48349-48357. [PMID: 34617719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides leads to irreparable damage to the ecosystem, which motivates for sustainable alternatives like pheromone-assisted pest management. The tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta is a major threat to tomato cultivation. Moreover, its green management technology uses a pheromone trap that has a short field life. To overcome this problem, a pheromone composite with graphene oxide (GO) and amine-modified graphene oxide (AGO) that can extend the diffusion path has been developed. The composite stimulates an effective electrophysiological response in the antenna, which results in trapping of a significantly higher number of insects as compared to the commercial septa, thus qualifying it for field evaluation. Compared to AGO, the GO composite has pheromones assembled into a multilayer, which increases the pheromone diffusion path. This in turn resulted in the extension of the pheromone life that proportionally increased the pest trapped. This technique will be beneficial to farmers as they have longer field efficacy to keep the pest damage low in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljit Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ritika Gupta
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase-8, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 160071, India
| | | | - Mahima Chandel
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Momin Ahamed
- Nanomaterials & Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific, Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase-8, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 160071, India
| | | | | | - Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy
- Nanomaterials & Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific, Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Kesavan Subaharan
- ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Vijayakumar Shanmugam
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Influence of Silicon on Biocontrol Strategies to Manage Biotic Stress for Crop Protection, Performance, and Improvement. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102163. [PMID: 34685972 PMCID: PMC8537781 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has never been acknowledged as a vital nutrient though it confers a crucial role in a variety of plants. Si may usually be expressed more clearly in Si-accumulating plants subjected to biotic stress. It safeguards several plant species from disease. It is considered as a common element in the lithosphere of up to 30% of soils, with most minerals and rocks containing silicon, and is classified as a "significant non-essential" element for plants. Plant roots absorb Si, which is subsequently transferred to the aboveground parts through transpiration stream. The soluble Si in cytosol activates metabolic processes that create jasmonic acid and herbivore-induced organic compounds in plants to extend their defense against biotic stressors. The soluble Si in the plant tissues also attracts natural predators and parasitoids during pest infestation to boost biological control, and it acts as a natural insect repellent. However, so far scientists, policymakers, and farmers have paid little attention to its usage as a pesticide. The recent developments in the era of genomics and metabolomics have opened a new window of knowledge in designing molecular strategies integrated with the role of Si in stress mitigation in plants. Accordingly, the present review summarizes the current status of Si-mediated plant defense against insect, fungal, and bacterial attacks. It was noted that the Si-application quenches biotic stress on a long-term basis, which could be beneficial for ecologically integrated strategy instead of using pesticides in the near future for crop improvement and to enhance productivity.
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The Effect of Mirid Density on Volatile-Mediated Foraging Behaviour of Apolygus lucorum and Peristenus spretus. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100870. [PMID: 34680639 PMCID: PMC8538341 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the widespread adoption of Bt cotton in the late 1990s, the green mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae), has become one of the most important pests in cotton fields and some other crops. To manage this destructive pest, Peristenus spretus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has been tested in augmentative biological control. In this study, after cotton plants were damaged by different densities of A. lucorum, the behavioral responses of A. lucorum and P. spretus to cotton plants volatiles were evaluated, and the quality and quantity of volatiles from cotton plants were analyzed. The results demonstrated that HIPVs emitted by plants in response to A. lucorum could be influenced by the pest density and could be identified by P. spretus as a signal of the host. Our results would help understand how P. spretus plays a role in biological control against A. lucorum. Abstract Plants would release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to repel herbivores and attract natural enemies after being damaged by herbivores. In this study, after cotton plants were damaged by different densities of Apolygus lucorum, the behavioral responses of A. lucorum and Peristenus spretus to cotton plants volatiles were evaluated, and the quality and quantity of volatiles from cotton plants were analyzed. Only when cotton plants were damaged by four bugs did both A. lucorum and P. spretus show an obvious response to damaged cotton plants, which indicates that cotton defense is correlated with pest density. The collection and analysis of volatiles reveals that the increase in pest density results in the emission of new compounds and an increase in the total number of volatiles with an alteration in proportions among the compounds in the blend. These changes in volatile profiles might provide wasps and mirids with specific information on host habitat quality and thus could explain the behavioral responses of parasitoids and pests.
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30
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Naskar S, Roy C, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay A, Hazarika LK, Chaudhuri RK, Roy S, Chakraborti D. Elicitation of biomolecules as host defense arsenals during insect attacks on tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7187-7199. [PMID: 34515843 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most consumed and economically important beverage plant, tea (Camellia sinensis), and its pests have coevolved so as to maintain the plant-insect interaction. In this review, findings of different research groups on pest responsive tolerance mechanisms that exist in tea manifested through the production of secondary metabolites and their inducers are presented. The phytochemicals of C. sinensis have been categorized into volatiles, nonvolatiles, enzymes, and phytohormones for convenience. Two types of pests, namely the piercing-sucking pests and chewing pests, are associated with tea. Both the insect groups can trigger the production of those metabolites and inducers through several primary and secondary biosynthetic pathways. These induced biomolecules can act as insect repellents and most of them are associated with lowering the nutrient quality of plant tissue and increasing the indigestibility in the pest's gut. Moreover, some of them also act as predator attractants of particular pests. The herbivore-induced plant volatiles secreted from tea plants during pest infestation were (E)-nerolidol, α-farnesene, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, indole, benzyl nitrile (BN), linalool, and ocimenes. The nonvolatiles like theaflavin and L-theanine were increased in response to the herbivore attack. Simultaneously, S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase, caffeine synthase activities were affected, whereas flavonoid synthesis and wax formation were elevated. Defense responsive enzymes like peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase are involved in pest prevention mechanisms. Phytohormones like jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene act as the modulator of the defense system. The objective of this review is to discuss the defensive roles of these metabolites and their inducers against pest infestation in tea with an aim to develop environmentally sustainable pesticides in the future.Key points• Herbivore-induced volatile signals and their effects on neighboring tea plant protection• Stereochemical conversion of volatiles, effects of nonvolatiles, expression of defense-responsive enzymes, and phytohormones due to pest attack• Improved understanding of metabolites for bio-sustainable pesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Naskar
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Chitralekha Roy
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanatan Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananda Mukhopadhyay
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, , Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | | | | | - Somnath Roy
- Department of Entomology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, 785008, India.
| | - Dipankar Chakraborti
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
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Sam K, Kovarova E, Freiberga I, Uthe H, Weinhold A, Jorge LR, Sreekar R. Great tits ( Parus major) flexibly learn that herbivore-induced plant volatiles indicate prey location: An experimental evidence with two tree species. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10917-10925. [PMID: 34429890 PMCID: PMC8366880 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When searching for food, great tits (Parus major) can use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as an indicator of arthropod presence. Their ability to detect HIPVs was shown to be learned, and not innate, yet the flexibility and generalization of learning remain unclear.We studied if, and if so how, naïve and trained great tits (Parus major) discriminate between herbivore-induced and noninduced saplings of Scotch elm (Ulmus glabra) and cattley guava (Psidium cattleyanum). We chemically analyzed the used plants and showed that their HIPVs differed significantly and overlapped only in a few compounds.Birds trained to discriminate between herbivore-induced and noninduced saplings preferred the herbivore-induced saplings of the plant species they were trained to. Naïve birds did not show any preferences. Our results indicate that the attraction of great tits to herbivore-induced plants is not innate, rather it is a skill that can be acquired through learning, one tree species at a time.We demonstrate that the ability to learn to associate HIPVs with food reward is flexible, expressed to both tested plant species, even if the plant species has not coevolved with the bird species (i.e., guava). Our results imply that the birds are not capable of generalizing HIPVs among tree species but suggest that they either learn to detect individual compounds or associate whole bouquets with food rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Eliska Kovarova
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Inga Freiberga
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Henriette Uthe
- Molecular Interaction EcologyInstitute of BiodiversityFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
- Molecular Interaction EcologyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction EcologyInstitute of BiodiversityFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
- Molecular Interaction EcologyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- School of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Jiang Y, Ye J, Veromann-Jürgenson LL, Niinemets Ü. Gall- and erineum-forming Eriophyes mites alter photosynthesis and volatile emissions in an infection severity-dependent manner in broad-leaved trees Alnus glutinosa and Tilia cordata. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1122-1142. [PMID: 33367874 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly host-specific eriophyoid gall- and erineum-forming mites infest a limited range of broadleaf species, with the mites from the genus Eriophyes particularly widespread on Alnus spp. and Tilia spp. Once infected, the infections can be massive, covering a large part of leaf area and spreading through the plant canopy, but the effects of Eriophyes mite gall formation on the performance of host leaves are poorly understood. We studied the influence of three frequent Eriophyes infections, E. inangulis gall-forming mites on Alnus glutinosa, and E. tiliae gall-forming and E. exilis erineum-forming mites on Tilia cordata, on foliage morphology, chemistry, photosynthetic characteristics, and constitutive and induced volatile emissions. For all types of infections, leaf dry mass per unit area, net assimilation rate per area and stomatal conductance strongly decreased with increasing severity of infection. Mite infections resulted in enhancement or elicitation of emissions of fatty acid-derived volatiles, isoprene, benzenoids and carotenoid breakdown products in an infection severity-dependent manner for all different infections. Monoterpene emissions were strongly elicited in T. cordata mite infections, but these emissions were suppressed in E. inangulis-infected A. glutinosa. Although the overall level of mite-induced emissions was surprisingly low, these results highlight the uniqueness of the volatile profiles and offer opportunities for using volatile fingerprints and overall emission rates to diagnose infections by Eriophyes gall- and erineum-forming mites on temperate trees and assess their impact on the physiology of the affected trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Linda-Liisa Veromann-Jürgenson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Rocha MS, Nascimento PT, Santos BLF, Fadini MAM. The predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) does not respond for volatiles of maize infested by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239639. [PMID: 34105679 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the plants defense mechanisms, the induction and emission of volatile organic compounds, which can be used to attract natural enemies, such predators insects. Although well studied, the induction of plant volatiles that attract natural enemies can vary according to intensity of infestation of herbivores and the species of host plant. We investigated the olfactory behavioral responses of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to the volatiles of infested maize (Zea mays) plants by the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in early and advanced infestations. The Bt (Viptera) maize cultivar Impact® was used for tests the behavior of N. californicus. After initial and advanced infestations, the phytophagous mites T. urticae were removed, and the plants were tested using a "Y" olfactometer. The following treatments were evaluated: air vs. air, uninfested plants vs. air, uninfested plants vs. plants infested with 10 females of T. urticae, uninfested plants vs. plants infested with 100 females of T. urticae, uninfested plants vs. plants infested with 200 females of T. urticae and plants infested with 10 vs. plants infested with 200 females of T. urticae. The predatory mite N. californicus did not show preference to the treatments tested, suggesting that maize plants infested by T. urticae do not induce volatiles capable of attracting the predatory mite N. californicus. We concluded that N. californicus is not attracted by maize plants infested by T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rocha
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei - UFSJ, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - P T Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei - UFSJ, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - B L F Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei - UFSJ, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - M A M Fadini
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei - UFSJ, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
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Ryde I, Li T, Rieksta J, dos Santos BM, Neilson EHJ, Gericke O, Jepsen JU, Bork LRH, Holm HS, Rinnan R. Seasonal and elevational variability in the induction of specialized compounds from mountain birch (Betula pubescens var. pumila) by winter moth larvae (Operophtera brumata). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1019-1033. [PMID: 33601421 PMCID: PMC8190950 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The mountain birch [Betula pubescens var. pumila (L.)] forest in the Subarctic is periodically exposed to insect outbreaks, which are expected to intensify due to climate change. To mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses, plants have evolved chemical defenses, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and non-volatile specialized compounds (NVSCs). Constitutive and induced production of these compounds, however, are poorly studied in Subarctic populations of mountain birch. Here, we assessed the joint effects of insect herbivory, elevation and season on foliar VOC emissions and NVSC contents of mountain birch. The VOCs were sampled in situ by an enclosure technique and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. NVSCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using an untargeted approach. At low elevation, experimental herbivory by winter moth larvae (Operophtera brumata) increased emissions of monoterpenes and homoterpenes over the 3-week feeding period, and sesquiterpenes and green leaf volatiles at the end of the feeding period. At high elevation, however, herbivory augmented only homoterpene emissions. The more pronounced herbivory effects at low elevation were likely due to higher herbivory intensity. Of the individual compounds, linalool, ocimene, 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, 2-methyl butanenitrile and benzyl nitrile were among the most responsive compounds in herbivory treatments. Herbivory also altered foliar NVSC profiles at both low and high elevations, with the most responsive compounds likely belonging to fatty acyl glycosides and terpene glycosides. Additionally, VOC emissions from non-infested branches were higher at high than low elevation, particularly during the early season, which was mainly driven by phenological differences. The VOC emissions varied substantially over the season, largely reflecting the seasonal variations in temperature and light levels. Our results suggest that if insect herbivory pressure continues to rise in the mountain birch forest with ongoing climate change, it will significantly increase VOC emissions with important consequences for local trophic interactions and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Bruna M dos Santos
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth H J Neilson
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Oliver Gericke
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jane U Jepsen
- Department of Tromsø (NINA Tromsø), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Louise R H Bork
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hildur S Holm
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Blubaugh C, Carpenter-Boggs L, Reganold J, Snyder W. Herbivore-herbivore interactions complicate links between soil fertility and pest resistance. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Portaluri V, Woodcock C, Pickett JA, Wang S, Zhou JJ. Chemical Identity and Functional Characterization of Semiochemicals That Promote the Interactions between Rice Plant and Rice Major Pest Nilaparvata lugens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4635-4644. [PMID: 33870696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between food crops and insect pests is mediated by semiochemicals emitted from host plants. These semiochemicals are natural behavioral modifiers and act on the insect olfactory system to locate hosts and preys. In this study, eight rice neuroactive semiochemicals were identified from rice varieties by GC-EAG and GC-MS. Their ability to modify rice pest behaviors was further studied as individual chemicals and physiologically relevant blend. The total amount of each semiochemical and the expression of their biosynthesis genes were significantly higher in pest susceptible variety than in pest-resistant variety and upregulated by the infestation of the pest Nilaparvata lugens (BPH). The semiochemicals emitted by uninfested plants (UIRVs) were more attractive to BPHs. Interestingly, the attractiveness of UIRVs was significantly reduced by the addition of the blend that mimics the natural composition of these semiochemicals emitted by infested plants (IRVs). Our study suggests a mechanism for the spread of pest infestation from infested plants to uninfested plants nearby. UIRVs initially serve as attractive signals to rice insect pests. The pest infestation changes the rice semiochemical profile to be less attractive or even repellent, which pushes further colonization to uninfested plants nearby. The identified semiochemicals can be used for crop protection based on a push-pull strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Zhang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Yong Liu
- Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Taian, China
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Vincent Portaluri
- Eurofins Analytics France, Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, 44323 Nantes, France
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Christine Woodcock
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - John A Pickett
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Senshan Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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Z-3-Hexenylacetate emissions induced by the endophyte Epichloë occultans at different levels of defoliation during the host plant's life cycle. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Multiple Attack to Inflorescences of an Annual Plant Does Not Interfere with the Attraction of Parasitoids and Pollinators. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:175-191. [PMID: 33507456 PMCID: PMC7904547 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants in the flowering stage need to ensure reproduction by protecting themselves from attack and by preserving interactions with mutualist pollinators. When different plant mutualists are using the same type of cues, such as volatile compounds, attraction of parasitoids and pollinators may trade off. To explore this, we compared volatile emission of Brassica nigra plants in response to single or dual attack on their inflorescences. Additionally, we recorded flower visitation by pollinators and the attraction of parasitoids in the greenhouse and/or field. Brassica nigra were exposed in the flowering stage to one or two of the following three attackers: Brevicoryne brassicae aphids, Pieris brassicae caterpillars, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani bacteria. We found that single attack by caterpillars, and dual attack by caterpillars plus aphids, induced the strongest changes in plant volatile emission. The caterpillars’ parasitoid C. glomerata did not exhibit preference for plants exposed to caterpillars only vs. plants exposed to caterpillars plus aphids or plus bacteria. However, the composition of the pollinator community associated with flowers of B. nigra was affected by plant exposure to the attackers, but the total number of pollinators visiting the plants did not change upon attack. We conclude that, when B. nigra were exposed to single or dual attack on their inflorescences, the plants maintained interactions with natural enemies of the insect attackers and with pollinators. We discuss how chemical diversity may contribute to plant resilience upon attack.
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Clancy MV, Haberer G, Jud W, Niederbacher B, Niederbacher S, Senft M, Zytynska SE, Weisser WW, Schnitzler JP. Under fire-simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:551. [PMID: 33297957 PMCID: PMC7724791 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species. RESULTS Using a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes. CONCLUSIONS We were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Clancy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Jud
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bishu Niederbacher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Niederbacher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Senft
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Sharon E Zytynska
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Liverpool, Evolution and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Wang M, Muola A, Anderson P, Stenberg JA. Wild strawberry shows genetic variation in tolerance but not resistance to a generalist herbivore. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13022-13029. [PMID: 33304513 PMCID: PMC7713946 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants' defenses against herbivores usually include both resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Their deployment has predominantly been studied in either single-plant genotypes or multiple genotypes exposed to single herbivores. In natural situations, however, most plants are attacked by multiple herbivores. Therefore, aims of this study were to assess and compare the effects of single and multiple herbivores on plant resistance and tolerance traits, and the consequences for overall plant performance. For this, we exposed multiple genotypes of wild woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) to jasmonic acid (JA), to mimic chewing herbivory and induce the plants' defense responses, and then introduced the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis to feed on them. We found that woodland strawberry consistently showed resistance to S. littoralis herbivory, with no significant genetic variation between the genotypes. By contrast, the studied genotypes showed high variation in tolerance, suggesting evolutionary potential in this trait. Prior JA application did not alter these patterns, although it induced an even higher level of resistance in all tested genotypes. The study provides novel information that may be useful for breeders seeking to exploit tolerance and resistance mechanisms to improve strawberry crops' viability and yields, particularly when multiple herbivores pose significant threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Wang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Anne Muola
- Department of Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
- Biodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Johan A. Stenberg
- Department of Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
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41
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Zeng L, Zhou X, Su X, Yang Z. Chinese oolong tea: An aromatic beverage produced under multiple stresses. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mujiono K, Tohi T, Sobhy IS, Hojo Y, Ho NT, Shinya T, Galis I. Ethylene functions as a suppressor of volatile production in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6491-6511. [PMID: 32697299 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the role of ethylene in the production of rice (Oryza sativa) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which act as indirect defense signals against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Rice plants were exposed to exogenous ethylene (1 ppm) after simulated herbivory, which consisted of mechanical wounding supplemented with oral secretions (WOS) from the generalist herbivore larva Mythimna loreyi. Ethylene treatment highly suppressed VOCs in WOS-treated rice leaves, which was further corroborated by the reduced transcript levels of major VOC biosynthesis genes in ethylene-treated rice. In contrast, the accumulation of jasmonates (JA), known to control VOCs in higher plants, and transcript levels of primary JA response genes, including OsMYC2, were not largely affected by ethylene application. At the functional level, flooding is known to promote internode elongation in young rice via ethylene signaling. Consistent with the negative role of ethylene on VOC genes, the accumulation of VOCs in water-submerged rice leaves was suppressed. Furthermore, in mature rice plants, which naturally produce less volatiles, VOCs could be rescued by the application of the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Our data suggest that ethylene acts as an endogenous suppressor of VOCs in rice plants during development and under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Tilisa Tohi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Nhan Thanh Ho
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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Paz Neto AA, Melo JWS, Lima DB, Gondim Junior MGC, Janssen A. Field distribution patterns of pests are asymmetrically affected by the presence of other herbivores. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:611-619. [PMID: 32252842 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because plant phenotypes can change in response to attacks by herbivores in highly variable ways, the distribution of herbivores depends on the occurrence of other herbivore species on the same plant. We carried out a field study to evaluate the co-occurrence of three coconut pests, the mites Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae), Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and the moth Atheloca bondari (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The eriophyid mite Ac. guerreronis is the most important coconut pest around the world, whereas S. concavuscutum and At. bondari are economically important only in some areas along the Brazilian coast. A previous study suggested that the necrosis caused by Ac. guerreronis facilitates the infestation of At. bondari larvae. Because all three species infest the area under the perianths on coconuts and S. concavuscutum also causes necrosis that could facilitate At. bondari, we evaluated the co-occurrence of all three species. We found that the occurrence of At. bondari was positively associated with Ac. guerreronis, but negatively associated with S. concavuscutum. In addition, the two mite species showed negative co-occurrence. Atheloca bondari was found on nuts of all ages, but more on nuts that had fallen than on those on the trees, suggesting that nuts infested by At. bondari tend to fall more frequently. We discuss the status of At. bondari as a pest and discuss experiments to test the causes of these co-occurrence patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Paz Neto
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - J W S Melo
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D B Lima
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M G C Gondim Junior
- Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A Janssen
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Khaling E, Agyei T, Jokinen S, Holopainen JK, Blande JD. The phytotoxic air-pollutant O 3 enhances the emission of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and affects the susceptibility of black mustard plants to pest attack. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115030. [PMID: 32806411 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced changes to plant biochemistry and physiology can influence plant nutritional quality and subsequent interactions with herbivorous pests. However, the effects of stress combinations are unpredictable and differ to the effects of individual stressors. Here we studied the effects of exposure to the phytotoxic air-pollutant ozone (O3), feeding by larvae of the large cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae), and a combination of the two stresses, on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by black mustard plants (Brassica nigra) under field and laboratory conditions. Field-grown B. nigra plants were also measured for carbon-nitrogen (C-N) content, net photosynthetic activity (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and biomass. The effects of O3 on interactions between plants and a herbivorous pest were addressed by monitoring the abundance of wild diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella) and feeding-damage to B. nigra plants in an O3-free air concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) field site. Herbivore-feeding induced the emission of VOCs that were not emitted by undamaged plants, both under field and laboratory conditions. The combination of O3 and herbivore-feeding stresses resulted in enhanced emission rates of several VOCs from field-grown plants. Short-term O3 exposure (of 10 days) and P. brassicae-feeding did not affect C-N content, but chronic O3 exposure (of 34 and 47 days) and P. brassicae-feeding exacerbated suppression of Pn. Ozone exposure also caused visible injury and decreased the plant biomass. Field-grown B. nigra under elevated O3 were infested with fewer P. xylostella larvae and received significantly less feeding damage. Our results suggest that plants growing in a moderately polluted environment may be of reduced quality and less attractive to foraging herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Khaling
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Thomas Agyei
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Jokinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Hu X, Su S, Liu Q, Jiao Y, Peng Y, Li Y, Turlings TC. Caterpillar-induced rice volatiles provide enemy-free space for the offspring of the brown planthopper. eLife 2020; 9:55421. [PMID: 32778222 PMCID: PMC7419140 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants typically release large quantities of volatiles in response to herbivory by insects. This benefits the plants by, for instance, attracting the natural enemies of the herbivores. We show that the brown planthopper (BPH) has cleverly turned this around by exploiting herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that provide safe havens for its offspring. BPH females preferentially oviposit on rice plants already infested by the rice striped stem borer (SSB), which are avoided by the egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae, the most important natural enemy of BPH. Using synthetic versions of volatiles identified from plants infested by BPH and/or SSB, we demonstrate the role of HIPVs in these interactions. Moreover, greenhouse and field cage experiments confirm the adaptiveness of the BPH oviposition strategy, resulting in 80% lower parasitism rates of its eggs. Besides revealing a novel exploitation of HIPVs, these findings may lead to novel control strategies against an exceedingly important rice pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangli Su
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yaoyu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ted Cj Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Grunseich JM, Thompson MN, Hay AA, Gorman Z, Kolomiets MV, Eubanks MD, Helms AM. Risky roots and careful herbivores: Sustained herbivory by a root‐feeding herbivore attenuates indirect plant defences. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Grunseich
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | | | - Allison A. Hay
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Micky D. Eubanks
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Anjel M. Helms
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
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47
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Zhang PJ, Zhao C, Ye ZH, Yu XP. Trade-off between defense priming by herbivore-induced plant volatiles and constitutive defense in tomato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1893-1901. [PMID: 31855313 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can prime plant defenses and enhance herbivore resistance in neighboring plants. Although a trade-off between constitutive defense and HIPV emission has been documented in many plant species, little is known about the effect of HIPV variation on defense priming, and whether there is a trade-off between defense priming and constitutive defense in neighboring plants. RESULTS Using three tomato genotypes, including two wild types [Moneymaker (MM) and Castlemart (CM)] and one jasmonic acid (JA) overexpression 35S::prosys genotype, we investigated the effects of exposure to volatiles from plants infested by beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) caterpillars on the defenses and resistance of conspecific neighboring plants. We also analyzed the HIPV emissions from the three genotypes and their constitutive defense and resistance. Exposure to volatiles from S. exigua-infested MM plants primed an array of defensive responses (including the accumulation of JA and PI-II protein and the expression of the defense genes PI-I and PI-II), and enhanced plant resistance against the caterpillars. In contrast, exposure to volatiles from S. exigua-infested CM or 35S::prosys did not result in defense priming or an increase in plant resistance. Analyses of HIPVs and gene expression indicated that defense priming in MM was due to enhanced emission of β-ocimene and linalool. We further demonstrated that levels of constitutive defense and resistance are low in MM and high in CM and 35S::prosys, suggesting a negative correlation between defense priming and constitutive defense. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is a trade-off between defense priming by HIPVs and constitutive defense in tomato. This suggests that defense priming should be used with caution in agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chan Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Rieksta J, Li T, Junker RR, Jepsen JU, Ryde I, Rinnan R. Insect Herbivory Strongly Modifies Mountain Birch Volatile Emissions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:558979. [PMID: 33193483 PMCID: PMC7652793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.558979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivory is known to augment emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Yet few studies have quantified BVOC responses to insect herbivory in natural populations in pan-Arctic regions. Here, we assess how quantitative and qualitative BVOC emissions change with increasing herbivore feeding intensity in the Subarctic mountain birch (Betula pubescens var pumila (L.)) forest. We conducted three field experiments in which we manipulated the larval density of geometrid moths (Operophtera brumata and Epirrita autumnata), on branches of mountain birch and measured BVOC emissions using the branch enclosure method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our study showed that herbivory significantly increased BVOC emissions from the branches damaged by larvae. BVOC emissions increased due to insect herbivory at relatively low larvae densities, causing up to 10% of leaf area loss. Insect herbivory also changed the blend composition of BVOCs, with damaged plants producing less intercorrelated BVOC blends than undamaged ones. Our results provide a quantitative understanding of the relationship between the severity of insect herbivore damage and emissions of BVOCs at larvae densities corresponding to background herbivory levels in the Subarctic mountain birch. The results have important and practical implications for modeling induced and constitutive BVOC emissions and their feedbacks to atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tao Li,
| | - Robert R. Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jane U. Jepsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Karimi A, Krähmer A, Herwig N, Schulz H, Hadian J, Meiners T. Variation of Secondary Metabolite Profile of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Populations Linked to Geographic, Climatic, and Edaphic Factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:969. [PMID: 32719699 PMCID: PMC7348666 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Geographic location and connected environmental and edaphic factors like temperature, rainfall, soil type, and composition influence the presence and the total content of specific plant compounds as well as the presence of a certain chemotype. This study evaluated whether geographic, edaphic, and climatic information can be utilized to predict the presence of specific compounds from medicinal or aromatic plants. Furthermore, we tested rapid analytical methods based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) coupled with gas chromatography/flame ionization (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical methods for characterization and classification metabolite profiling of Zataria multiflora Boiss. populations. Z. multiflora is an aromatic, perennial plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties. It is widely dispersed in Iran as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Here, we studied the effect of environmental factors on essential oil (EO) content and the composition and distribution of chemotypes. Our results indicate that this species grows predominantly in areas rich in calcium, iron, potassium, and aluminum, with mean rainfall of 40.46 to 302.72 mm·year-1 and mean annual temperature of 14.90°C to 28.80°C. EO content ranged from 2.75% to 5.89%. Carvacrol (10.56-73.31%), thymol (3.51-48.12%), linalool (0.90-55.38%), and p-cymene (1.66-13.96%) were the major constituents, which classified 14 populations into three chemotypes. Corresponding to the phytochemical cluster analysis, the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on NIR data also recognized the carvacrol, thymol, and linalool chemotypes. Hence, NIR has the potential to be applied as a useful tool to determine rapidly the chemotypes of Z. multiflora and similar herbs. EO and EO constituent content correlated with different geographic location, climate, and edaphic factors. The structural equation models (SEMs) approach revealed direct effects of soil factors (texture, phosphor, pH) and mostly indirect effects of latitude and altitude directly affecting, e.g., soil factors. Our approach of identifying environmental predictors for EO content, chemotype or presence of high amounts of specific compounds can help to select regions for sampling plant material with the desired chemical profile for direct use or for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karimi
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ali Karimi, ; Torsten Meiners,
| | - Andrea Krähmer
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Herwig
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javad Hadian
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Torsten Meiners
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ali Karimi, ; Torsten Meiners,
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50
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Duque L, Poelman EH, Steffan-Dewenter I. Plant-mediated effects of ozone on herbivores depend on exposure duration and temperature. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19891. [PMID: 31882632 PMCID: PMC6934497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress by elevated tropospheric ozone and temperature can alter plants’ metabolism, growth, and nutritional value and modify the life cycle of their herbivores. We investigated how the duration of exposure of Sinapis arvensis plants to high ozone and temperature levels affect the life cycle of the large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae. Plants were exposed to ozone-clean (control) or ozone-enriched conditions (120 ppb) for either 1 or 5 days and were afterwards kept in a greenhouse with variable temperature conditions. When given the choice, P. brassicae butterflies laid 49% fewer eggs on ozone-exposed than on control plants when the exposure lasted for 5 days, but showed no preference when exposure lasted for 1 day. The caterpillars took longer to hatch on ozone-exposed plants and at lower ambient temperatures. The ozone treatment had a positive effect on the survival of the eggs. Ozone decreased the growth of caterpillars reared at higher temperatures on plants exposed for 5 days, but not on plants exposed for 1 day. Overall, longer exposure of the plants to ozone and higher temperatures affected the life cycle of the herbivore more strongly. With global warming, the indirect impacts of ozone on herbivores are likely to become more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Duque
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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