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Liu Y, Huang T, Yap NA, Lim K, Ju LA. Harnessing the power of bioprinting for the development of next-generation models of thrombosis. Bioact Mater 2024; 42:328-344. [PMID: 39295733 PMCID: PMC11408160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, involves the formation of blood clots within blood vessels. Current animal models and in vitro systems have limitations in recapitulating the complex human vasculature and hemodynamic conditions, limiting the research in understanding the mechanisms of thrombosis. Bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach to construct biomimetic vascular models that closely mimic the structural and mechanical properties of native blood vessels. This review discusses the key considerations for designing bioprinted vascular conduits for thrombosis studies, including the incorporation of key structural, biochemical and mechanical features, the selection of appropriate biomaterials and cell sources, and the challenges and future directions in the field. The advancements in bioprinting techniques, such as multi-material bioprinting and microfluidic integration, have enabled the development of physiologically relevant models of thrombosis. The future of bioprinted models of thrombosis lies in the integration of patient-specific data, real-time monitoring technologies, and advanced microfluidic platforms, paving the way for personalized medicine and targeted interventions. As the field of bioprinting continues to evolve, these advanced vascular models are expected to play an increasingly important role in unraveling the complexities of thrombosis and improving patient outcomes. The continued advancements in bioprinting technologies and the collaboration between researchers from various disciplines hold great promise for revolutionizing the field of thrombosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicole Alexis Yap
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Khoon Lim
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Camperdown, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
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2
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Cinca-Morros S, Garcia-Rey S, Álvarez-Herms J, Basabe-Desmonts L, Benito-Lopez F. A physiological perspective of the relevance of sweat biomarkers and their detection by wearable microfluidic technology: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1327:342988. [PMID: 39266058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The great majority of published microfluidic wearable platforms for sweat sensing focus on the development of the technology to fabricate the device, the integration of sensing materials and actuators and the fluidics of sweat within the device. However, very few papers have discussed the physiological relevance of the metabolites measured using these novel approaches. In fact, some of the analytes present in sweat, which serve as biomarkers in blood, do not show a correlation with blood levels. This discrepancy can be attributed to factors such as contamination during measurements, the metabolism of sweat glands, or challenges in obtaining significant samples. The objective of this review is to present a critical and meaningful insight into the real applicability and potential use of wearable technology for improving health and sport performance. It also discusses the current limitations and future challenges of microfluidics, aiming to provide accurate information about the actual needs in this field. This work is expected to contribute to the future development of more suitable wearable microfluidic technology for health and sports science monitoring, using sweat as the biofluid for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Cinca-Morros
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain; Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Sandra Garcia-Rey
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain; Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Research Group in Sports Genomics, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; PHYMOlab Research & Exercise Performance, Segovia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, María Díaz Haroko Kalea, 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
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3
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Zhao X, Gopal VR, Lozano-Juan F, Kolandaivelu K, Sarkar A, Wu D, Su J, Cheng Q, Pang R, Wu LS. Integrated microfluidic multiple electrode aggregometry for point-of-care platelet function analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4859-4868. [PMID: 39291871 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00469h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) platelet function analysis can enable timely and precise management of bleeding and clotting in emergency rooms, operation rooms and intensive care units. However, POC platelet testing is currently not commonly performed, due to the complexity of sample preparation and limitations of existing technologies. Here, we report the development of an integrated microfluidic multiple electrode aggregometry (μMEA) sensor which uses multi-frequency impedance measurement of an embedded microelectrode array to perform platelet aggregometry directly from whole blood, sensing and measuring platelet activation in a label-free manner and without requiring any additional sample preparation. Additionally, the sensor incorporates blood flow during the assay to account for physiological flow and shear conditions. We show that the impedance signal from the sensor can be used to accurately detect and quantify platelet aggregation in a label-free manner, which was further validated by simultaneous fluorometric measurement and visualization of platelet aggregation. Further, we optimized the sensitivity and repeatability of the sensor using its frequency response and demonstrated that the sensor could be used to characterize drug dose-response in antiplatelet therapy with a frequency-tunable dynamic range. We also demonstrate that the sensor provides high sensitivity to perform platelet aggregometry under thrombocytopenic or low platelet count conditions. The μMEA sensor could thus enable POC platelet function analysis across several clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Atantares Corp, One Broadway, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V R Gopal
- Atantares Corp, One Broadway, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - K Kolandaivelu
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Sarkar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Wu
- Atantares Corp, One Broadway, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Su
- Atantares Corp, One Broadway, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Q Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - R Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - L-S Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
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4
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Shayor AA, Kabir ME, Rifath MSA, Rashid AB, Oh KW. A Synergistic Overview between Microfluidics and Numerical Research for Vascular Flow and Pathological Investigations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5872. [PMID: 39338617 PMCID: PMC11435959 DOI: 10.3390/s24185872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Vascular diseases are widespread, and sometimes such life-threatening medical disorders cause abnormal blood flow, blood particle damage, changes to flow dynamics, restricted blood flow, and other adverse effects. The study of vascular flow is crucial in clinical practice because it can shed light on the causes of stenosis, aneurysm, blood cancer, and many other such diseases, and guide the development of novel treatments and interventions. Microfluidics and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) are two of the most promising new tools for investigating these phenomena. When compared to conventional experimental methods, microfluidics offers many benefits, including lower costs, smaller sample quantities, and increased control over fluid flow and parameters. In this paper, we address the strengths and weaknesses of computational and experimental approaches utilizing microfluidic devices to investigate the rheological properties of blood, the forces of action causing diseases related to cardiology, provide an overview of the models and methodologies of experiments, and the fabrication of devices utilized in these types of research, and portray the results achieved and their applications. We also discuss how these results can inform clinical practice and where future research should go. Overall, it provides insights into why a combination of both CFDs, and experimental methods can give even more detailed information on disease mechanisms recreated on a microfluidic platform, replicating the original biological system and aiding in developing the device or chip itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abrar Shayor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emamul Kabir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Md Sartaj Ahamed Rifath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Adib Bin Rashid
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang W Oh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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5
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Melo-Ferraz A, Coelho C, Miller P, Criado MB, Monteiro MC. Comprehensive analysis of L-PRF exudate components and their impact on whole blood platelets. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:470. [PMID: 39110266 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the cellular composition and effects of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) exudate on whole blood platelets from healthy volunteers. Key objectives included evaluating leukocyte subpopulations, platelet activation markers, platelet-leukocyte interactions and quantifying inflammatory cytokines within the L-PRF exudate. MATERIALS AND METHODS L-PRF was obtained from 20 healthy donors. Flow cytometry methodologies were used to assess intracellular calcium kinetics and activated GPIIbIIIa, and P-selectin expression. Leukocyte subpopulations and platelet-leukocyte interactions were characterized using monoclonal antibodies. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IL-12p70) within L-PRF exudate were quantified using a cytometric bead array. RESULTS The expression of activated GPIIbIIIa, and P-selectin exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001) when L-PRF exudate was added to platelets of whole blood. Regarding intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, the L-PRF exudate elicited significant responses (p < 0.001). L-PRF exudate contained different leukocytes populations, being TCD4 + the most representative of T cells. It was possible to stablish a profile of cytokines produced by the L-PRF exudate, with human IL-8 cytokine exhibiting the highest average (16.90 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Despite the study limitations, the research yielded important insights: 1- L-PRF exudate can stimulate platelet activation, essential in healing, tissue inflammation and remodeling. 2-The presence of leukocyte subpopulations within L-PRF exudate reflexes its complexity and potential to enhance immune responses. 3-The analysis of inflammatory cytokines within L-PRF exudate revealed its immunomodulatory potential. These findings are valuable evidences for understanding the potential role of L-PRF exudate in regenerative dentistry and medicine, offering innovative therapeutic strategies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This research highlights crucial aspects that could significantly influence the clinical use of L-PRF exudate in the oral cavity. The findings support the application of L-PRF exudate in both surgical and regenerative dentistry, facilitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
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Grants
- PAAALPRF_PI2RL_IINFACTS_2021 UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU and 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU
- PAAALPRF_PI2RL_IINFACTS_2021 UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU and 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU
- PAAALPRF_PI2RL_IINFACTS_2021 UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU and 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU
- PAAALPRF_PI2RL_IINFACTS_2021 UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU and 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU
- PAAALPRF_PI2RL_IINFACTS_2021 UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU and 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU
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Affiliation(s)
- António Melo-Ferraz
- UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Cristina Coelho
- UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Paulo Miller
- UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal.
| | - Maria Begoña Criado
- 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Maria Céu Monteiro
- 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
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6
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Ahmadi N, Lee J, Godiya CB, Kim JM, Park BJ. A single-particle mechanofluorescent sensor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6094. [PMID: 39030167 PMCID: PMC11271541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring mechanical stresses in microchannels is challenging. Herein, we report the development of a mechanofluorescence sensor system featuring a fluorogenic single polydiacetylene (PDA) particle, fabricated using a co-flow microfluidic method. We construct a stenotic vessel-mimicking capillary channel, in which the hydrodynamically captured PDA particle is subjected to controlled fluid flows. Fluorescence responses of the PDA particle are directly monitored in real time using fluorescent microscopy. The PDA particle displays significant nonlinear fluorescence emissions influenced by fluid viscosity and the presence of nanoparticles and biomolecules in the fluid. This nonlinear response is likely attributed to the torsion energy along the PDA's main chain backbone. Computational fluid dynamic simulations indicate that the complete blue-to-red transition necessitates ~307 μJ, aligning with prior research. We believe this study offers a unique advantage for simulating specific problematic regions of the human body in an in vitro environment, potentially paving the way for future exploration of difficult-to-access areas within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Chirag Batukbhai Godiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Bum Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea.
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7
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Ghosh LD, Mathur T, Tronolone JJ, Chuong A, Rangel K, Corvigno S, Sood AK, Jain A. Angiogenesis-Enabled Human Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment-Chip Evaluates Pathophysiology of Platelets in Microcirculation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304263. [PMID: 38553940 PMCID: PMC11281868 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes angiogenesis for its growth through the recruitment of multiple cells and signaling mechanisms. For example, TME actively recruits and activates platelets from the microcirculation to facilitate metastasis, but platelets may simultaneously also support tumor angiogenesis. Here, to model this complex pathophysiology within the TME that involves a signaling triad of cancer cells, sprouting endothelial cells, and platelets, an angiogenesis-enabled tumor microenvironment chip (aTME-Chip) is presented. This platform recapitulates the convergence of physiology of angiogenesis and platelet function within the ovarian TME and describes the contribution of platelets in promoting angiogenesis within an ovarian TME. By including three distinct human ovarian cancer cell-types, the aTME-Chip quantitatively reveals the following outcomes-first, introduction of platelets significantly increases angiogenesis; second, the temporal dynamics of angiogenic signaling is dependent on cancer cell type; and finally, tumor-educated platelets either activated exogenously by cancer cells or derived clinically from a cancer patient accelerate tumor angiogenesis. Further, analysis of effluents available from aTME-Chip validate functional outcomes by revealing changes in cytokine expression and several angiogenic and metastatic signaling pathways due to platelets. Collectively, this tumor microphysiological system may be deployed to derive antiangiogenic targets combined with antiplatelet treatments to arrest cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra D. Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Tanmay Mathur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - James J Tronolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley Chuong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Rangel
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Li Y, Li Y, Chen H. The effect of ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis studied in blood-on-a-chip. Artif Organs 2024; 48:734-742. [PMID: 38380722 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolism, which leads to pulmonary embolism and ischemic stroke, remains one of the main causes of death. Ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (UAT) is an effective thrombolytic method. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of ultrasound on arterial and venous thrombi. METHODS We employed the blood-on-a-chip technology to simulate thrombus formation in coronary stenosis and deep vein valves. Subsequently, UAT was conducted on the chip to assess the impact of ultrasound on thrombolysis under varying flow conditions. Real-time fluorescence was used to assess thrombolysis and drug penetration. Finally, scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were used to determine the effect of ultrasound on fibrinolysis. RESULTS The study revealed that UAT enhanced the thrombolytic rate by 40% in the coronary stenosis chip and by 10% in the deep venous valves chip. This enhancement is attributed to the disruption of crosslinked fibrin fibers by ultrasound, leading to increased urokinase diffusion within the thrombus and accumulation of plasminogen on the fibrinogen α chain. Moreover, the acceleration of the dissolution rate of thrombi in the venous valve chip by ultrasound was not as significant as that in the coronary stenosis chip. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the differential impact of ultrasound on thrombolysis under various flow conditions and emphasize the valuable role of the blood-on-a-chip technology in exploring thrombolysis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Yoon I, Han JH, Jeon HJ. Advances in Platelet-Dysfunction Diagnostic Technologies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:714. [PMID: 38927117 PMCID: PMC11201885 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of platelets in hemostasis and their broad implications under various physiological conditions underscore the importance of accurate platelet-function testing. Platelets are key to clotting blood and healing wounds. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and management of platelet disorders are vital for patient care. This review outlines the significant advancements in platelet-function testing technologies, focusing on their working principles and the shift from traditional diagnostic methods to more innovative approaches. These improvements have deepened our understanding of platelet-related disorders and ushered in personalized treatment options. Despite challenges such as interpretation of complex data and the costs of new technologies, the potential for artificial-intelligence integration and the creation of wearable monitoring devices offers exciting future possibilities. This review underscores how these technological advances have enhanced the landscape of precision medicine and provided better diagnostic and treatment options for platelet-function disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkwon Yoon
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Han
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Jeon
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lee S, Dang H, Moon JI, Kim K, Joung Y, Park S, Yu Q, Chen J, Lu M, Chen L, Joo SW, Choo J. SERS-based microdevices for use as in vitro diagnostic biosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5394-5427. [PMID: 38597213 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection have helped to overcome the limitations of traditional in vitro diagnostic methods, such as fluorescence and chemiluminescence, owing to its high sensitivity and multiplex detection capability. However, for the implementation of SERS detection technology in disease diagnosis, a SERS-based assay platform capable of analyzing clinical samples is essential. Moreover, infectious diseases like COVID-19 require the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies that can rapidly and accurately determine infection status. As an effective assay platform, SERS-based bioassays utilize SERS nanotags labeled with protein or DNA receptors on Au or Ag nanoparticles, serving as highly sensitive optical probes. Additionally, a microdevice is necessary as an interface between the target biomolecules and SERS nanotags. This review aims to introduce various microdevices developed for SERS detection, available for POC diagnostics, including LFA strips, microfluidic chips, and microarray chips. Furthermore, the article presents research findings reported in the last 20 years for the SERS-based bioassay of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. Finally, the prospects of SERS bioassays are discussed concerning the integration of SERS-based microdevices and portable Raman readers into POC systems, along with the utilization of artificial intelligence technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Hajun Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Joung-Il Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Younju Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Mengdan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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11
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Chen W, Xia M, Zhu W, Xu Z, Cai B, Shen H. A bio-fabricated tesla valves and ultrasound waves-powered blood plasma viscometer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1394373. [PMID: 38720878 PMCID: PMC11076727 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1394373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is clinical evidence that the fresh blood viscosity is an important indicator in the development of vascular disorder and coagulation. However, existing clinical viscosity measurement techniques lack the ability to measure blood viscosity and replicate the in-vivo hemodynamics simultaneously. Methods: Here, we fabricate a novel digital device, called Tesla valves and ultrasound waves-powered blood plasma viscometer (TUBPV) which shows capacities in both viscosity measurement and coagulation monitoring. Results: Based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, viscosity analysis can be faithfully performed by a video microscopy. Tesla-like channel ensured unidirectional liquid motion with stable pressure driven that was triggered by the interaction of Tesla valve structure and ultrasound waves. In few seconds the TUBPV can generate an accurate viscosity profile on clinic fresh blood samples from the flow time evaluation. Besides, Tesla-inspired microchannels can be used in the real-time coagulation monitoring. Discussion: These results indicate that the TUBVP can serve as a point-of-care device in the ICU to evaluate the blood's viscosity and the anticoagulation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiye Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Cai
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Hauser F, Naderer C, Priglinger E, Peterbauer A, Fischer MB, Redl H, Jacak J. Single molecule studies of dynamic platelet interactions with endothelial cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1372807. [PMID: 38638321 PMCID: PMC11025363 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1372807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A biotechnological platform consisting of two-color 3D super-resolution readout and a microfluidic system was developed to investigate platelet interaction with a layer of perfused endothelial cells under flow conditions. Platelet activation has been confirmed via CD62P clustering on the membrane and mitochondrial morphology of ECs at the single cell level were examined using 3D two-color single-molecule localization microscopy and classified applying machine learning. To compare binding of activated platelets to intact or stressed ECs, a femtosecond laser was used to induced damage to single ECs within the perfused endothelial layer. We observed that activated platelets bound to the perfused ECs layer preferentially in the proximity to single stressed ECs. Platelets activated under flow were ∼6 times larger compared to activated ones under static conditions. The CD62P expression indicated more CD62P proteins on membrane of dynamically activated platelets, with a tendency to higher densities at the platelet/EC interface. Platelets activated under static conditions showed a less pronounced CD62P top/bottom asymmetry. The clustering of CD62P in the platelet membrane differs depending on the activation conditions. Our results confirm that nanoscopic analysis using two-color 3D super-resolution technology can be used to assess platelet interaction with a stressed endothelium under dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hauser
- Department of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Naderer
- Department of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Anja Peterbauer
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service for Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Department of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Liu Y, Yu L, Chen L, Chen K, Xu H, Chen M, Yi K, Li Y, Chen T, Wang F, Wang F, Zhu J, Wang F, Xiao X, Yang Y. Gradient Hydrogels Spatially Trapped Optical Cell Profiling for Quantitative Blood Cellular Osmotic Analysis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1592-1601. [PMID: 38477713 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The quantitative exploration of cellular osmotic responses and a thorough analysis of osmotic pressure-responsive cellular behaviors are poised to offer novel clinical insights into current research. This underscores a paradigm shift in the long-standing approach of colorimetric measurements triggered by red cell lysis. In this study, we engineered a purpose-driven optofluidic platform to facilitate the goal. Specifically, creating photocurable hydrogel traps surmounts a persistent challenge─optical signal interference from fluid disturbances. This achievement ensures a stable spatial phase of cells and the acquisition of optical signals for accurate osmotic response analysis at the single-cell level. Leveraging a multigradient microfluidic system, we constructed gradient osmotic hydrogel traps and developed an imaging recognition algorithm, empowering comprehensive analysis of cellular behaviors. Notably, this system has successfully and precisely analyzed individual and clustered cellular responses within the osmotic dimension. Prospective clinical testing has further substantiated its feasibility and performance in that it demonstrates an accuracy of 92% in discriminating complete hemolysis values (n = 25) and 100% in identifying initial hemolysis values (n = 25). Foreseeably, this strategy should promise to advance osmotic pressure-related cellular response analysis, benefiting further investigation and diagnosis of related blood diseases, blood quality, drug development, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongshan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Faxi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jiaomeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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14
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Yang Y, Yang H, Kiskin FN, Zhang JZ. The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:68-85. [PMID: 38515776 PMCID: PMC10954298 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Jain S, Singh A, Tiwari N, Naik A, Chatterjee R, Chakravortty D, Basu S. Observations on phenomenological changes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae under fluidic stresses. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9239-9253. [PMID: 37999932 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, experiments are conducted to understand the consequence of stresses generated by flowing fluid on the bacterial morphology and virulence in microfluidic channels. We consider Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP, a clinical isolate), an ESKAPE pathogen, to be the model bacteria responsible for blood stream infections, bacteremia, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections and more. Four different stress conditions are generated by changing the flow rate and channel geometry subsequently altering the shear rate and stressing time (τ). We observe significant changes in the structural aspects of the stressed bacteria. With an increase in stressing parameters, the viability of the bacterial sample deteriorated. Most importantly, these stressed samples proliferate much more than unstressed samples inside the RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The results shed light on the complex relationship between flow stresses and bacterial virulence. Furthermore, the bacterial samples are challenged with ciprofloxacin to see how they behave under different stress conditions. The observations presented in the present study can be extended to model deadly diseases including bacteremia using organ-on-a-chip technology and to understand bacterial pathogenicity under realistic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Jain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - Anmol Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nivedita Tiwari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - Aparna Naik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - Ritika Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
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16
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Ghosh LD, Jain A. The prospects of microphysiological systems in modeling platelet pathophysiology in cancer. Platelets 2023; 34:2247489. [PMID: 37610007 PMCID: PMC10578702 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2247489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of platelets is well recognized in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, platelets also promote tumor progression and metastasis through their crosstalk with various cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). For example, several cancer models continue to show that platelet functions are readily altered by cancer cells upon activation leading to the formation of platelet-tumor aggregates, triggering release of soluble factors from platelet granules and altering platelet turnover. Further, activated platelets protect tumor cells from shear forces in circulation and assault of cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells. Platelet-secreted factors promote proliferation of malignant cells, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Much of our knowledge of platelet biology in cancer has been achieved with animal models, particularly murine. However, this preclinical understanding of the complex pathophysiology is yet to be fully realized and translated to clinical trials in terms of new approaches to treat cancer via controlling the platelet function. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of platelet physiology obtained through existing in vivo and in vitro cancer models, the complex interactions of platelets with cancer cells in TME and the pathways by which platelets may confer chemoresistance. Since the FDA Modernization Act recently passed by the US government has made animal models optional in drug approvals, we critically examine the existing and futuristic value of employing bioengineered microphysiological systems and organ-chips to understand the mechanistic role of platelets in cancer metastasis and exploring novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra D. Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Shakeri A, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Landau S, Perera K, Lee J, Radisic M. Engineering Organ-on-a-Chip Systems for Vascular Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2241-2255. [PMID: 37823265 PMCID: PMC10842627 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis, are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional in vitro models for studying vascular diseases have limitations, as they do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the in vivo microenvironment. Organ-on-a-chip systems have emerged as a promising approach for modeling vascular diseases by incorporating multiple cell types, mechanical and biochemical cues, and fluid flow in a microscale platform. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in engineering organ-on-a-chip systems for modeling vascular diseases, including the use of microfluidic channels, ECM (extracellular matrix) scaffolds, and patient-specific cells. We also discuss the limitations and future perspectives of organ-on-a-chip for modeling vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Kevin Perera
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonguk Lee
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3E5; Canada
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18
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Chen L, Yu L, Liu Y, Xu H, Li W, Wang F, Zhu J, Yi K, Ma L, Xiao H, Zhou F, Chen M, Cheng Y, Wang F, Zhu C, Xiao X, Yang Y. Valve-Adjustable Optofluidic Bio-Imaging Platform for Progressive Stenosis Investigation. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3104-3115. [PMID: 37477650 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The clinical evidence has proven that valvular stenosis is closely related to many vascular diseases, which attracts great academic attention to the corresponding pathological mechanisms. The investigation is expected to benefit from the further development of an in vitro model that is tunable for bio-mimicking progressive valvular stenosis and enables accurate optical recognition in complex blood flow. Here, we develop a valve-adjustable optofluidic bio-imaging recognition platform to fulfill it. Specifically, the bionic valve was designed with in situ soft membrane, and the internal air-pressure chamber could be regulated from the inside out to bio-mimic progressive valvular stenosis. The developed imaging algorithm enhances the recognition of optical details in blood flow imaging and allows for quantitative analysis. In a prospective clinical study, we examined the effect of progressive valvular stenosis on hemodynamics within the typical physiological range of veins by this way, where the inhomogeneity and local enhancement effect in the altered blood flow field were precisely described and the optical differences were quantified. The effectiveness and consistency of the results were further validated through statistical analysis. In addition, we tested it on fluorescence and noticed its good performance in fluorescent tracing of the clotting process. In virtue of theses merits, this system should be able to contribute to mechanism investigation, pharmaceutical development, and therapeutics of valvular stenosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yantong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongshan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiaomeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Linlu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- School of Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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19
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Fay ME, Oshinowo O, Iffrig E, Fibben KS, Caruso C, Hansen S, Musick JO, Valdez JM, Azer SS, Mannino RG, Choi H, Zhang DY, Williams EK, Evans EN, Kanne CK, Kemp ML, Sheehan VA, Carden MA, Bennett CM, Wood DK, Lam WA. iCLOTS: open-source, artificial intelligence-enabled software for analyses of blood cells in microfluidic and microscopy-based assays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5022. [PMID: 37596311 PMCID: PMC10439163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While microscopy-based cellular assays, including microfluidics, have significantly advanced over the last several decades, there has not been concurrent development of widely-accessible techniques to analyze time-dependent microscopy data incorporating phenomena such as fluid flow and dynamic cell adhesion. As such, experimentalists typically rely on error-prone and time-consuming manual analysis, resulting in lost resolution and missed opportunities for innovative metrics. We present a user-adaptable toolkit packaged into the open-source, standalone Interactive Cellular assay Labeled Observation and Tracking Software (iCLOTS). We benchmark cell adhesion, single-cell tracking, velocity profile, and multiscale microfluidic-centric applications with blood samples, the prototypical biofluid specimen. Moreover, machine learning algorithms characterize previously imperceptible data groupings from numerical outputs. Free to download/use, iCLOTS addresses a need for a field stymied by a lack of analytical tools for innovative, physiologically-relevant assays of any design, democratizing use of well-validated algorithms for all end-user biomedical researchers who would benefit from advanced computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Fay
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Oluwamayokun Oshinowo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Iffrig
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirby S Fibben
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina Caruso
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jamie O Musick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - José M Valdez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sally S Azer
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert G Mannino
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyoann Choi
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dan Y Zhang
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Evelyn K Williams
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica N Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celeste K Kanne
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcus A Carden
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn M Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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20
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Delianides CA, Pourang S, Hernandez S, Disharoon D, Ahuja SP, Neal MD, Gupta AS, Mohseni P, Suster MA. A Multichannel Portable Platform With Embedded Thermal Management for Miniaturized Dielectric Blood Coagulometry. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2023; 17:843-856. [PMID: 37399149 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2023.3291875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a standalone, multichannel, miniaturized impedance analyzer (MIA) system for dielectric blood coagulometry measurements with a microfluidic sensor termed ClotChip. The system incorporates a front-end interface board for 4-channel impedance measurements at an excitation frequency of 1 MHz, an integrated resistive heater formed by a pair of printed-circuit board (PCB) traces to keep the blood sample near a physiologic temperature of 37 °C, a software-defined instrument module for signal generation and data acquisition, and a Raspberry Pi-based embedded computer with 7-inch touchscreen display for signal processing and user interface. When measuring fixed test impedances across all four channels, the MIA system exhibits an excellent agreement with a benchtop impedance analyzer, with rms errors of ≤0.30% over a capacitance range of 47-330 pF and ≤0.35% over a conductance range of 2.13-10 mS. Using in vitro-modified human whole blood samples, the two ClotChip output parameters, namely, the time to reach a permittivity peak (Tpeak) and maximum change in permittivity after the peak (Δϵr,max) are assessed by the MIA system and benchmarked against the corresponding parameters of a rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay. Tpeak exhibits a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.98, p < 10-6, n = 20) with the ROTEM clotting time (CT) parameter, while Δϵr,max exhibits a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.92, p < 10-6, n = 20) with the ROTEM maximum clot firmness (MCF) parameter. This work shows the potential of the MIA system as a standalone, multichannel, portable platform for comprehensive assessment of hemostasis at the point-of-care/point-of-injury (POC/POI).
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21
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Li B, Lu Z, Yang Z, Zhang X, Wang M, Chu T, Wang P, Qi F, Anderson GJ, Jiang E, Song Z, Nie G, Li S. Monitoring circulating platelet activity to predict cancer-associated thrombosis. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100513. [PMID: 37533637 PMCID: PMC10391338 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic clinical complication in cancer patients is the frequent incidence of thrombotic events. Numerous studies have shown hyperactive/activated platelets to be a critical earlier trigger for cancer-associated thrombus formation. However, there currently is no viable approach to monitor specific changes in tumor-associated platelet activity. Here, we describe a chromatograph-like microfluidic device that is highly sensitive to the activity status of peripheral circulating platelets in both tumor-bearing mice and clinical cancer patients. Our results show a strongly positive correlation between platelet activation status and tumor progression. Six-month follow-up data from advanced cancer patients reveal positive links between platelet activity level and thrombus occurrence rate, with a high predictive capacity of thrombotic events (AUC = 0.842). Our findings suggest that circulating platelet activity status determined by this microfluidic device exhibits sensitive, predictive potential for thrombotic events in cancer patients for directing well-timed antithrombosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zefang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peina Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feilong Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Greg J. Anderson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ershuai Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenchuan Song
- Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Suping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou 510530, China
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22
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Li Y, Li Y, Li J, Chen H. Wall shear gradient dependent thrombosis studied in blood-on-a-chip with stenotic, branched, and valvular constructions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:034101. [PMID: 37187669 PMCID: PMC10171887 DOI: 10.1063/5.0149884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is the leading cause of death, while the effect of the shear flow on the formation of thrombus in vascular constructions has not been thoroughly understood, and one of the challenges is to observe the origination of thrombus with a controlled flow field. In this work, we use blood-on-a-chip technology to mimic the flow conditions in coronary artery stenosis, neonatal aortic arch, and deep venous valve. The flow field is measured by the microparticle image velocimeter (μPIV). In the experiment, we find that the thrombus often originates at the constructions of stenosis, bifurcation, and the entrance of valve, where the flow stream lines change suddenly, and the maximum wall shear rate gradient appears. Using the blood-on-a-chip technology, the effect of the wall shear rate gradients on the formation of the thrombus has been illustrated, and the blood-on-a-chip is demonstrated to be a perspective tool for further studies on the flow-induced formation of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongjian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Jung SH, Jang BH, Kwon S, Park SJ, Park TE, Kang JH. Nematic Fibrin Fibers Enabling Vascularized Thrombus Implants Facilitate Scarless Cutaneous Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2211149. [PMID: 37052392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Autologous implantable scaffolds that induce vasculogenesis have shown great potential in tissue regeneration; however, previous attempts mainly relied on cell-laden hydrogel patches using fat tissues or platelet-rich plasma, which are insufficient for generating a uniform vasculature in a scalable manner. Here, implantable vascularized engineered thrombi (IVETs) are presented using autologous whole blood, which potentiate effective skin wound healing by constructing robust microcapillary vessel networks at the wound site. Microfluidic shear stresses enable the alignment of bundled fibrin fibers along the direction of the blood flow streamlines and the activation of platelets, both of which offer moderate stiffness of the microenvironment optimal for facilitating endothelial cell maturation and vascularization. Rodent dorsal skin wounds patched with IVET present superior wound closure rates (96.08 ± 1.58%), epidermis thickness, collagen deposition, hair follicle numbers, and neutrophil infiltration, which are permitted by enhanced microvascular circulation. Moreover, IVET treatment accelerates wound healing by recruiting M2 phenotype macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hwan Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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24
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Mu X, Gerhard-Herman MD, Zhang YS. Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201778. [PMID: 37693798 PMCID: PMC10489284 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well-controlled microenvironment and spatial-temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, we discuss several critical aspects of vascular physiology, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. We also review state-of-art blood vessel chips that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. We envision that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marie Denise Gerhard-Herman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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25
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Lenzuni M, Bonfadini S, Criante L, Zorzi F, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Suarato G, Athanassiou A. Dynamic investigation of zein-based degradable and hemocompatible coatings for drug-eluting stents: a microfluidic approach. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1576-1592. [PMID: 36688523 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable stent coatings have shown great potential in terms of delivering drugs to a damaged vessel wall, and their release profiles are key elements governing the overall performance of drug-eluting stents (DESs). However, release and degradation kinetics are usually not tested under simulated physiological conditions or in dynamic environments, both essential aspects in the design of novel DESs. To bridge this gap, fused silica-based microfluidic systems, with either round or square channel cross-sections, were designed to mimic the microenvironment of a stented vessel. In particular, we fabricated and characterized microfluidic chips based on customizable channels, which were spray-coated with a naturally-derived, rutin-loaded zein solution, to perform a comprehensive study under flow conditions. Dynamic assays after 6 hours showed how the degradation of the zein matrix was affected by the cross-sectional conformation (∼69% vs. ∼61%, square and round channel, respectively) and the simulated blood fluid components (∼55%, round channel with a more viscous solution). The released amount of rutin was ∼81% vs. ∼77% and ∼78% vs. ∼74% from the square and round channels, using the less and more viscous blood-simulated fluids, respectively. Fitting the drug release data to Korsmeyer-Peppas and first-order mathematical models provided further insight into the mechanism of rutin release and coating behavior under flowing conditions. More importantly, whole blood tests with our newly developed microfluidic platforms confirmed the hemocompatibility of our zein-based coating. In detail, in-flow and static studies on the blood cell behavior showed a significant reduction of platelet adhesion (∼73%) and activation (∼93%) compared to the stainless-steel substrate, confirming the benefits of using such naturally-derived coatings to avoid clogging. Overall, our microfluidic designs can provide a key practical tool for assessing polymer degradation and drug release from degradable matrices under flowing conditions, thus aiding future studies on the development of hemocompatible, controlled-release coatings for DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lenzuni
- Smart Materials Group, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 13, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Bonfadini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @ PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigino Criante
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @ PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Zorzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @ PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Smart Materials Group, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy.
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy
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26
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Salipante PF. Microfluidic techniques for mechanical measurements of biological samples. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011303. [PMID: 38505816 PMCID: PMC10903441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The use of microfluidics to make mechanical property measurements is increasingly common. Fabrication of microfluidic devices has enabled various types of flow control and sensor integration at micrometer length scales to interrogate biological materials. For rheological measurements of biofluids, the small length scales are well suited to reach high rates, and measurements can be made on droplet-sized samples. The control of flow fields, constrictions, and external fields can be used in microfluidics to make mechanical measurements of individual bioparticle properties, often at high sampling rates for high-throughput measurements. Microfluidics also enables the measurement of bio-surfaces, such as the elasticity and permeability properties of layers of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. Recent progress on these topics is reviewed, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Salipante
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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27
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Ayyoub S, Orriols R, Oliver E, Ceide OT. Thrombosis Models: An Overview of Common In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2569. [PMID: 36768891 PMCID: PMC9917341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Occlusions in the blood vessels caused by blood clots, referred to as thrombosis, and the subsequent outcomes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In vitro and in vivo models of thrombosis have advanced our understanding of the complex pathways involved in its development and allowed the evaluation of different therapeutic approaches for its management. This review summarizes different commonly used approaches to induce thrombosis in vivo and in vitro, without detailing the protocols for each technique or the mechanism of thrombus development. For ease of flow, a schematic illustration of the models mentioned in the review is shown below. Considering the number of available approaches, we emphasize the importance of standardizing thrombosis models in research per study aim and application, as different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in each model, and they exert varying responses to the same carried tests. For the time being, the selection of the appropriate model depends on several factors, including the available settings and research facilities, the aim of the research and its application, and the researchers' experience and ability to perform surgical interventions if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ayyoub
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Ramon Orriols
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tura Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Extracting Mural and Volumetric Growth Patterns of Platelet Aggregates on Engineered Surfaces by Use of an Entity Tracking Algorithm. ASAIO J 2022; 69:382-390. [PMID: 36302265 PMCID: PMC10065893 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major complication that can occur in both blood-contacting devices and regions and in regions of vascular damage. Microfluidic devices are popular templates to model various thrombogenic settings and to assess conditions that lead to bulk channel occlusion. However, area-averaged measurements miss the opportunity to extract real-time information on thrombus evolution and early dynamics of thrombus formation and propagation, which result in late-stage bulk channel occlusion. To clarify these dynamics, we have developed a standalone tracking algorithm that uses consecutive image connectivity and minimal centroid distance mappings to uniquely index all appearing thrombi in fluorescence time-lapse videos http://links.lww.com/ASAIO/A887 , and http://links.lww.com/ASAIO/A888 . This leads to measurements of all individual aggregates that can in turn be studied as ensembles. We applied tracking to fluorescence time-lapse videos http://links.lww.com/ASAIO/A887 , and http://links.lww.com/ASAIO/A888 of thrombosis across both collagen-functionalized substrate and across the surface of a roughened titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) at a shear rate of 4000 s -1 . When comparing ensemble-averaged measurements to area-averaged metrics, we unveil immediate, steady thrombus growth at early phases on collagen surfaces and unstable thrombus attachment to roughened Ti6Al4V surfaces on Ti6Al4V surfaces. Additionally, we introduce tracked thrombus eccentricity and fluorescence intensity as additional volumetric measures of thrombus growth that relate back to the primary thrombosis mechanism at play. This work advocates for the complementation of surface macrostate metrics with characteristic thrombus microstate growth patterns to accurately predict critical thrombosis events.
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29
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Pourang S, Sekhon UDS, Disharoon D, Ahuja SP, Suster MA, Sen Gupta A, Mohseni P. Assessment of fibrinolytic status in whole blood using a dielectric coagulometry microsensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114299. [PMID: 35533507 PMCID: PMC10124761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid assessment of the fibrinolytic status in whole blood at the point-of-care/point-of-injury (POC/POI) is clinically important to guide timely management of uncontrolled bleeding in patients suffering from hyperfibrinolysis after a traumatic injury. In this work, we present a three-dimensional, parallel-plate, capacitive sensor - termed ClotChip - that measures the temporal variation in the real part of blood dielectric permittivity at 1 MHz as the sample undergoes coagulation within a microfluidic channel with <10 μL of total volume. The ClotChip sensor features two distinct readout parameters, namely, lysis time (LT) and maximum lysis rate (MLR) that are shown to be sensitive to the fibrinolytic status in whole blood. Specifically, LT identifies the time that it takes from the onset of coagulation for the fibrin clot to mostly dissolve in the blood sample during fibrinolysis, whereas MLR captures the rate of fibrin clot lysis. Our findings are validated through correlative measurements with a rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay of clot viscoelasticity, qualitative/quantitative assessments of clot stability, and scanning electron microscope imaging of clot ultrastructural changes, all in a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced fibrinolytic environment. Moreover, we demonstrate the ClotChip sensor ability to detect the hemostatic rescue that occurs when the tPA-induced upregulated fibrinolysis is inhibited by addition of tranexamic acid (TXA) - a potent antifibrinolytic drug. This work demonstrates the potential of ClotChip as a diagnostic platform for rapid POC/POI assessment of fibrinolysis-related hemostatic abnormalities in whole blood to guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Pourang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ujjal D S Sekhon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Dante Disharoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay P Ahuja
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michael A Suster
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Pedram Mohseni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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30
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Akther F, Zhang J, Tran HDN, Fallahi H, Adelnia H, Phan HP, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Atherothrombosis-on-Chip: A Site-Specific Microfluidic Model for Thrombus Formation and Drug Discovery. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101316. [PMID: 35666057 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Atherothrombosis, an atherosclerotic plaque disruption condition with superimposed thrombosis, is the underlying cause of cardiovascular episodes. Herein, a unique design is presented to develop a microfluidic site-specific atherothrombosis-on-chip model, providing a universal platform for studying the crosstalk between blood cells and plaque components. The device consists of two interconnected microchannels, namely main and supporting channels: the former mimics the vessel geometry with different stenosis, and the latter introduces plaque components to the circulation simultaneously. The unique design allows the site-specific introduction of plaque components in stenosed channels ranging from 0% to above 50%, resulting in thrombosis, which has not been achieved previously. The device successfully explains the correlation between vessel geometry and thrombus formation phenomenon as well as the influence of shear rate on platelet aggregation, confirming the reliability and the effectiveness of the design. The device exhibits significant sensitivity to aspirin. In therapeutic doses (50 × 10-6 and 100 × 10-6 m), aspirin delays and prevents platelet adhesion, thereby reducing the thrombus area in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the device is effectively employed in testing the targeted binding of the RGD (arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid) labeled polymeric nanoparticles on the thrombus, extending the use of the device to examine targeted drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akther
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Huong D N Tran
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hedieh Fallahi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hossein Adelnia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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31
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Regling K, Saini A, Cashen K. Viscoelastic Testing in Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:854258. [PMID: 35602480 PMCID: PMC9120594 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.854258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric mechanical circulatory support can be lifesaving. However, managing anticoagulation is one of the most challenging aspects of care in patients requiring mechanical circulatory support. Effective anticoagulation is even more difficult in pediatric patients due to the smaller size of their blood vessels, increased turbulent flow, and developmental hemostasis. Recently, viscoelastic testing (VET) has been used as a qualitative measure of anticoagulation efficacy in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and ventricular assist devices (VAD). Thromboelastography (TEG®) and thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) provide a global qualitative assessment of hemostatic function from initiation of clot formation with the platelet-fibrin interaction, platelet aggregation, clot strength, and clot lysis. This review focuses on the TEG®/ROTEM® and important laboratory and patient considerations for interpretation in the ECMO and VAD population. We summarize the adult and pediatric ECMO/VAD literature regarding VET values, VET-platelet mapping, utility over standard laboratory monitoring, and association with outcome measures such as blood product utilization, bleeding, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Regling
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine Regling
| | - Arun Saini
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor University School of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Arun Saini
| | - Katherine Cashen
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Katherine Cashen
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32
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Mercader A, Ye SH, Kim S, Orizondo RA, Cho SK, Wagner WR. PDMS-Zwitterionic Hybrid for Facile, Antifouling Microfluidic Device Fabrication. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3775-3784. [PMID: 35294197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been used in a wide range of biomedical devices and medical research due to its biostability, cytocompatibility, gas permeability, and optical properties. Yet, some properties of PDMS create critical limitations, particularly fouling through protein and cell adhesion. In this study, a diallyl-terminated sulfobetaine (SB-diallyl) molecule was synthesized and then directly mixed with a commercial PDMS base (Sylgard 184) and curing agent to produce a zwitterionic group-bearing PDMS (PDMS-SB) hybrid that does not require a complex or an additional surface modification process for the desired end product. In vitro examination of antifouling behavior following exposure to fresh ovine blood showed a significant reduction in platelet deposition for the PDMS-SB hybrid surface compared to that of a PDMS control (p < 0.05, n = 5). The manufacturability via soft lithography using the synthesized polymers was found to be comparable to that for unmodified PDMS. Bonding via O2 plasma treatment was confirmed, and the strength was measured and again found to be comparable to the control. PDMS-SB microfluidic devices were successfully fabricated and showed improved blood compatibility that could reduce channel occlusion due to clot formation relative to PDMS control devices. Further, gas (CO2) transfer through a PDMS-SB hybrid membrane was also tested with a proof-of-concept microchannel device and shown to be comparable to that through the PDMS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mercader
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ryan A Orizondo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sung Kwon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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33
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Tyagi T, Jain K, Gu SX, Qiu M, Gu VW, Melchinger H, Rinder H, Martin KA, Gardiner EE, Lee AI, Ho Tang W, Hwa J. A guide to molecular and functional investigations of platelets to bridge basic and clinical sciences. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:223-237. [PMID: 37502132 PMCID: PMC10373053 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Platelets have been shown to be associated with pathophysiological process beyond thrombosis, demonstrating critical additional roles in homeostatic processes, such as immune regulation, and vascular remodeling. Platelets themselves can have multiple functional states and can communicate and regulate other cells including immune cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, to serve such diverse functions. Although traditional platelet functional assays are informative and reliable, they are limited in their ability to unravel platelet phenotypic heterogeneity and interactions. Developments in methods such as electron microscopy, flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, and 'omics' studies, have led to new insights. In this Review, we focus on advances in platelet biology and function, with an emphasis on current and promising methodologies. We also discuss technical and biological challenges in platelet investigations. Using coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an example, we further describe the translational relevance of these approaches and the possible 'bench-to-bedside' utility in patient diagnosis and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tyagi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kanika Jain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sean X Gu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miaoyun Qiu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Vivian W Gu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannah Melchinger
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry Rinder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alfred I Lee
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Murakami D, Yamazoe K, Nishimura SN, Kurahashi N, Ueda T, Miyawaki J, Ikemoto Y, Tanaka M, Harada Y. Hydration Mechanism in Blood-Compatible Polymers Undergoing Phase Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1090-1098. [PMID: 34994566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interactions involving intermediate water are crucial for the design of novel blood-compatible materials. Herein, we use a combination of atomic force microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance measurements, and soft X-ray emission spectroscopy to investigate the local hydrogen-bonded configuration of water on blood-compatible poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) and non-blood-compatible poly(n-butyl acrylate) grafted on a gold substrate. We find that the initially incorporated water induces polymer-dependent phase separation, facilitating further water uptake. For the blood-compatible polymer, tetrahedrally coordinated water coexists with water adsorbed on C═O groups in low-density regions of the grafted polymer surface, providing a scaffold for the formation of intermediate water. The amount of intermediate water is determined by the type of functional groups, local polymer configuration, and polymer morphology. Thus, blood compatibility is governed by the complex water/polymer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Murakami
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamazoe
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Nishimura
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoya Kurahashi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ueda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jun Miyawaki
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikemoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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35
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Zhang Y, Jiang F, Chen Y, Ju LA. Platelet Mechanobiology Inspired Microdevices: From Hematological Function Tests to Disease and Drug Screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:779753. [PMID: 35126120 PMCID: PMC8811026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet function tests are essential to profile platelet dysfunction and dysregulation in hemostasis and thrombosis. Clinically they provide critical guidance to the patient management and therapeutic evaluation. Recently, the biomechanical effects induced by hemodynamic and contractile forces on platelet functions attracted increasing attention. Unfortunately, the existing platelet function tests on the market do not sufficiently incorporate the topical platelet mechanobiology at play. Besides, they are often expensive and bulky systems that require large sample volumes and long processing time. To this end, numerous novel microfluidic technologies emerge to mimic vascular anatomies, incorporate hemodynamic parameters and recapitulate platelet mechanobiology. These miniaturized and cost-efficient microfluidic devices shed light on high-throughput, rapid and scalable platelet function testing, hematological disorder profiling and antiplatelet drug screening. Moreover, the existing antiplatelet drugs often have suboptimal efficacy while incurring several adverse bleeding side effects on certain individuals. Encouraged by a few microfluidic systems that are successfully commercialized and applied to clinical practices, the microfluidics that incorporate platelet mechanobiology hold great potential as handy, efficient, and inexpensive point-of-care tools for patient monitoring and therapeutic evaluation. Hereby, we first summarize the conventional and commercially available platelet function tests. Then we highlight the recent advances of platelet mechanobiology inspired microfluidic technologies. Last but not least, we discuss their future potential of microfluidics as point-of-care tools for platelet function test and antiplatelet drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lining Arnold Ju,
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36
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Xu Y, Yu G, Nie R, Wu Z. Microfluidic systems toward blood hemostasis monitoring and thrombosis diagnosis: From design principles to micro/nano fabrication technologies. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Soft Intelligence Lab State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Guang Yu
- Experimental Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Soft Intelligence Lab State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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37
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Paloschi V, Sabater-Lleal M, Middelkamp H, Vivas A, Johansson S, van der Meer A, Tenje M, Maegdefessel L. Organ-on-a-chip technology: a novel approach to investigate cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2742-2754. [PMID: 33729461 PMCID: PMC8683705 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of organs-on-chip (OoC) has revolutionized in vitro cell-culture experiments by allowing a better mimicry of human physiology and pathophysiology that has consequently led researchers to gain more meaningful insights into disease mechanisms. Several models of hearts-on-chips and vessels-on-chips have been demonstrated to recapitulate fundamental aspects of the human cardiovascular system in the recent past. These 2D and 3D systems include synchronized beating cardiomyocytes in hearts-on-chips and vessels-on-chips with layer-based structures and the inclusion of physiological and pathological shear stress conditions. The opportunities to discover novel targets and to perform drug testing with chip-based platforms have substantially enhanced, thanks to the utilization of patient-derived cells and precise control of their microenvironment. These organ models will provide an important asset for future approaches to personalized cardiovascular medicine and improved patient care. However, certain technical and biological challenges remain, making the global utilization of OoCs to tackle unanswered questions in cardiovascular science still rather challenging. This review article aims to introduce and summarize published work on hearts- and vessels-on chips but also to provide an outlook and perspective on how these advanced in vitro systems can be used to tailor disease models with patient-specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Aisen Vivas
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Tenje
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Vascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Zhang Y, Ramasundara SDZ, Preketes-Tardiani RE, Cheng V, Lu H, Ju LA. Emerging Microfluidic Approaches for Platelet Mechanobiology and Interplay With Circulatory Systems. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:766513. [PMID: 34901226 PMCID: PMC8655735 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.766513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how platelets can sense and respond to hemodynamic forces in disturbed blood flow and complexed vasculature is crucial to the development of more effective and safer antithrombotic therapeutics. By incorporating diverse structural and functional designs, microfluidic technologies have emerged to mimic microvascular anatomies and hemodynamic microenvironments, which open the floodgates for fascinating platelet mechanobiology investigations. The latest endothelialized microfluidics can even recapitulate the crosstalk between platelets and the circulatory system, including the vessel walls and plasma proteins such as von Willebrand factor. Hereby, we highlight these exciting microfluidic applications to platelet mechanobiology and platelet–circulatory system interplay as implicated in thrombosis. Last but not least, we discuss the need for microfluidic standardization and summarize the commercially available microfluidic platforms for researchers to obtain reproducible and consistent results in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Savindi De Zoysa Ramasundara
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee Ellen Preketes-Tardiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivian Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongxu Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
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39
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Satta S, Lai A, Cavallero S, Williamson C, Chen J, Blázquez‐Medela AM, Roustaei M, Dillon BJ, Ashammakhi N, Carlo DD, Li Z, Sun R, Hsiai TK. Rapid Detection and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Spike Mutation-Mediated Microthrombosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103266. [PMID: 34687279 PMCID: PMC8646611 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation of endothelial cells following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is thought to be the primary driver for the increasingly recognized thrombotic complications in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, potentially due to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Vaccination therapies use the same Spike sequence or protein to boost host immune response as a protective mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result, cases of thrombotic events are reported following vaccination. Although vaccines are generally considered safe, due to genetic heterogeneity, age, or the presence of comorbidities in the population worldwide, the prediction of severe adverse outcome in patients remains a challenge. To elucidate Spike proteins underlying patient-specific-vascular thrombosis, the human microcirculation environment is recapitulated using a novel microfluidic platform coated with human endothelial cells and exposed to patient specific whole blood. Here, the blood coagulation effect is tested after exposure to Spike protein in nanoparticles and Spike variant D614G in viral vectors and the results are corroborated using live SARS-CoV-2. Of note, two potential strategies are also examined to reduce blood clot formation, by using nanoliposome-hACE2 and anti-Interleukin (IL) 6 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Satta
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Angela Lai
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of MedicineVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA90073USA
| | - Cayden Williamson
- Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ana M. Blázquez‐Medela
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Barbara J. Dillon
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of MedicineVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA90073USA
- Division of Clinical NutritionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of MedicineVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA90073USA
- Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
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40
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Mathur T, Tronolone JJ, Jain A. Comparative Analysis of Blood-Derived Endothelial Cells for Designing Next-Generation Personalized Organ-on-Chips. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022795. [PMID: 34743553 PMCID: PMC8751908 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Organ‐on‐chip technology has accelerated in vitro preclinical research of the vascular system, and a key strength of this platform is its promise to impact personalized medicine by providing a primary human cell–culture environment where endothelial cells are directly biopsied from individual tissue or differentiated through stem cell biotechniques. However, these methods are difficult to adopt in laboratories, and often result in impurity and heterogeneity of cells. This limits the power of organ‐chips in making accurate physiological predictions. In this study, we report the use of blood‐derived endothelial cells as alternatives to primary and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells. Methods and Results Here, the genotype, phenotype, and organ‐chip functional characteristics of blood‐derived outgrowth endothelial cells were compared against commercially available and most used primary endothelial cells and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells. The methods include RNA‐sequencing, as well as criterion standard assays of cell marker expression, growth kinetics, migration potential, and vasculogenesis. Finally, thromboinflammatory responses under shear using vessel‐chips engineered with blood‐derived endothelial cells were assessed. Blood‐derived endothelial cells exhibit the criterion standard hallmarks of typical endothelial cells. There are differences in gene expression profiles between different sources of endothelial cells, but blood‐derived cells are relatively closer to primary cells than induced pluripotent stem cell–derived. Furthermore, blood‐derived endothelial cells are much easier to obtain from individuals and yet, they serve as an equally effective cell source for functional studies and organ‐chips compared with primary cells or induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cells. Conclusions Blood‐derived endothelial cells may be used in preclinical research for developing more robust and personalized next‐generation disease models using organ‐on‐chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Mathur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - James J Tronolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX.,Department of Medical Physiology College of MedicineTexas A&M Health Science Center Bryan TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX
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41
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Nguyen N, Thurgood P, Sekar NC, Chen S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic models of the human circulatory system: versatile platforms for exploring mechanobiology and disease modeling. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:769-786. [PMID: 34777617 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circulatory system is a marvelous fluidic system, which is very sensitive to biophysical and biochemical cues. The current animal and cell culture models do not recapitulate the functional properties of the human circulatory system, limiting our ability to fully understand the complex biological processes underlying the dysfunction of this multifaceted system. In this review, we discuss the unique ability of microfluidic systems to recapitulate the biophysical, biochemical, and functional properties of the human circulatory system. We also describe the remarkable capacity of microfluidic technologies for exploring the complex mechanobiology of the cardiovascular system, mechanistic studying of cardiovascular diseases, and screening cardiovascular drugs with the additional benefit of reducing the need for animal models. We also discuss opportunities for further advancement in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
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42
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Diamond SL, Rossi JM. Point of care whole blood microfluidics for detecting and managing thrombotic and bleeding risks. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3667-3674. [PMID: 34476426 PMCID: PMC8478847 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care diagnostics of platelet and coagulation function present demanding challenges. Current clinical diagnostics often use centrifuged plasmas or platelets and frozen plasma standards, recombinant protein standards, or even venoms. Almost all commercialized tests of blood do not recreate the in vivo hemodynamics where platelets accumulate to high densities and thrombin is generated from a procoagulant surface. Despite numerous drugs that target platelets, insufficient coagulation, or excess coagulation, POC blood testing is essentially limited to viscoelastic methods that provide a clotting time, clot strength, and clot lysis, while used mostly in trauma centers with specialized capabilities. Microfluidics now allows small volumes of whole blood (<1 mL) to be tested under venous or arterial shear rates with multi-color readouts to follow platelet function, thrombin generation, fibrin production, and clot stability. Injection molded chips containing pre-patterned fibrillar collagen and lipidated tissue factor can be stored dry for 6 months at 4C, thus allowing rapid blood testing on single-use disposable chips. Using only a small imaging microscope and micropump, these microfluidic devices can detect platelet inhibitors, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and their reversal agents. POC microfluidics are ideal for neonatal surgical applications that involve small blood samples, rapid DOAC testing in stroke or bleeding or emergency surgery situations with patients presenting high risk cofactors for either bleeding or thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Diamond
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1024 Vagelos Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jason M Rossi
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1024 Vagelos Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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43
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Wang D, Cong Y, Deng Q, Han X, Zhang S, Zhao L, Luo Y, Zhang X. Physiological and Disease Models of Respiratory System Based on Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091106. [PMID: 34577749 PMCID: PMC8467891 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of respiratory diseases is complex, and its occurrence and development also involve a series of pathological processes. The present research methods are have difficulty simulating the natural developing state of the disease in the body, and the results cannot reflect the real growth state and function in vivo. The development of microfluidic chip technology provides a technical platform for better research on respiratory diseases. The size of its microchannel can be similar to the space for cell growth in vivo. In addition, organ-on-a-chip can achieve long-term co-cultivation of multiple cells and produce precisely controllable fluid shear force, periodically changing mechanical force, and perfusate with varying solute concentration gradient. To sum up, the chip can be used to analyze the specific pathophysiological changes of organs meticulously, and it is widely used in scientific research on respiratory diseases. The focus of this review is to describe and discuss current studies of artificial respiratory systems based on organ-on-a-chip technology and to summarize their applications in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.W.); (Q.D.); (X.H.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Medical School, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ye Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Quanfeng Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.W.); (Q.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiahe Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.W.); (Q.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Suonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Medical School, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-138-4116-9035 (X.Z.)
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.C.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-138-4116-9035 (X.Z.)
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.W.); (Q.D.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-138-4116-9035 (X.Z.)
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44
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Mathur T, Flanagan JM, Jain A. Tripartite collaboration of blood-derived endothelial cells, next generation RNA sequencing and bioengineered vessel-chip may distinguish vasculopathy and thrombosis among sickle cell disease patients. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10211. [PMID: 34589594 PMCID: PMC8459595 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most prevalent inherited blood disorder in the world. But the clinical manifestations of the disease are highly variable. In particular, it is currently difficult to predict the adverse outcomes within patients with SCD, such as, vasculopathy, thrombosis, and stroke. Therefore, for most effective and timely interventions, a predictive analytic strategy is desirable. In this study, we evaluate the endothelial and prothrombotic characteristics of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) generated from blood samples of SCD patients with known differences in clinical severity of the disease. We present a method to evaluate patient-specific vaso-occlusive risk by combining novel RNA-seq and organ-on-chip approaches. Through differential gene expression (DGE) and pathway analysis we find that BOECs from SCD patients exhibit an activated state through cell adhesion molecule (CAM) and cytokine signaling pathways among many others. In agreement with clinical symptoms of patients, DGE analyses reveal that patient with severe SCD had a greater extent of endothelial activation compared to patient with milder symptoms. This difference is confirmed by performing qRT-PCR of endothelial adhesion markers like E-selectin, P-selectin, tissue factor, and Von Willebrand factor. Finally, the differential regulation of the proinflammatory phenotype is confirmed through platelet adhesion readouts in our BOEC vessel-chip. Taken together, we hypothesize that these easily blood-derived endothelial cells evaluated through RNA-seq and organ-on-chips may serve as a biotechnique to predict vaso-occlusive episodes in SCD patients and will ultimately allow better therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Mathur
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Jonathan M. Flanagan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology‐OncologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Medical PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science CenterBryanTexasUSA
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45
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Saha B, Mathur T, Tronolone JJ, Chokshi M, Lokhande GK, Selahi A, Gaharwar AK, Afshar-Kharghan V, Sood AK, Bao G, Jain A. Human tumor microenvironment chip evaluates the consequences of platelet extravasation and combinatorial antitumor-antiplatelet therapy in ovarian cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg5283. [PMID: 34290095 PMCID: PMC8294767 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Platelets extravasate from the circulation into tumor microenvironment, enable metastasis, and confer resistance to chemotherapy in several cancers. Therefore, arresting tumor-platelet cross-talk with effective and atoxic antiplatelet agents in combination with anticancer drugs may serve as an effective cancer treatment strategy. To test this concept, we create an ovarian tumor microenvironment chip (OTME-Chip) that consists of a platelet-perfused tumor microenvironment and which recapitulates platelet extravasation and its consequences. By including gene-edited tumors and RNA sequencing, this organ-on-chip revealed that platelets and tumors interact through glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and tumor galectin-3 under shear. Last, as proof of principle of a clinical trial, we showed that a GPVI inhibitor, Revacept, impairs metastatic potential and improves chemotherapy. Since GPVI is an antithrombotic target that does not impair hemostasis, it represents a safe cancer therapeutic. We propose that OTME-Chip could be deployed to study other vascular and hematological targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Tanmay Mathur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - James J Tronolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Mithil Chokshi
- Department of Bioengineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Giriraj K Lokhande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Amirali Selahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77840, USA
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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46
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OvCa-Chip microsystem recreates vascular endothelium-mediated platelet extravasation in ovarian cancer. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3329-3342. [PMID: 32717032 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, platelet extravasation into the tumor and resulting metastasis is thought to be regulated mostly by the vascular endothelium. Because it is difficult to dissect complex underlying events in murine models, organ-on-a-chip methodology is applied to model vascular and platelet functions in ovarian cancer. This system (OvCa-Chip) consists of microfluidic chambers that are lined by human ovarian tumor cells interfaced with a 3-dimensional endothelialized lumen. Subsequent perfusion with human platelets within the device's vascular endothelial compartment under microvascular shear conditions for 5 days uncovered organ-to-molecular-level contributions of the endothelium to triggering platelet extravasation into tumors. Further, analysis of effluents available from the device's individual tumor and endothelial chambers revealed temporal dynamics of vascular disintegration caused by cancer cells, a differential increase in cytokine expression, and an alteration of barrier maintenance genes in endothelial cells. These events, when analyzed within the device over time, made the vascular tissue leaky and promoted platelet extravasation. Atorvastatin treatment of the endothelial cells within the OvCa-Chip revealed improved endothelial barrier function, reduction in inflammatory cytokines and, eventually, arrest of platelet extravasation. These data were validated through corresponding observations in patient-derived tumor samples. The OvCa-Chip provides a novel in vitro dissectible platform to model the mechanisms of the cancer-vascular-hematology nexus and the analyses of potential therapeutics.
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47
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Cooke JP, Connor JH, Jain A. Acute and Chronic Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19: Role for Endotheliopathy. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2021; 17:53-62. [PMID: 34992723 PMCID: PMC8680072 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is associated with a bewildering array of cardiovascular manifestations, including myocardial infarction and stroke, myocarditis and heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism, and microvascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that a profound disturbance of endothelial homeostasis contributes to these conditions. Furthermore, the pulmonary infiltration and edema, and later pulmonary fibrosis, in patients with COVID-19 is promoted by endothelial alterations including the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines, increased intercellular permeability, and endothelial-to-mesenchyme transitions. The cognitive disturbance occurring in this disease may also be due in part to an impairment of the blood-brain barrier. Venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism are most likely associated with an endothelial defect caused by circulating inflammatory cytokines and/or direct endothelial invasion by the virus. Endothelial-targeted therapies such as statins, nitric oxide donors, and antioxidants may be useful therapeutic adjuncts in COVID-19 by restoring endothelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, US
| | - John H Connor
- Boston University Medical Center and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, US.,Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, US
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48
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Duarte Campos DF, De Laporte L. Digitally Fabricated and Naturally Augmented In Vitro Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001253. [PMID: 33191651 PMCID: PMC11468916 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human in vitro tissues are extracorporeal 3D cultures of human cells embedded in biomaterials, commonly hydrogels, which recapitulate the heterogeneous, multiscale, and architectural environment of the human body. Contemporary strategies used in 3D tissue and organ engineering integrate the use of automated digital manufacturing methods, such as 3D printing, bioprinting, and biofabrication. Human tissues and organs, and their intra- and interphysiological interplay, are particularly intricate. For this reason, attentiveness is rising to intersect materials science, medicine, and biology with arts and informatics. This report presents advances in computational modeling of bioink polymerization and its compatibility with bioprinting, the use of digital design and fabrication in the development of fluidic culture devices, and the employment of generative algorithms for modeling the natural and biological augmentation of in vitro tissues. As a future direction, the use of serially linked in vitro tissues as human body-mimicking systems and their application in drug pharmacokinetics and metabolism, disease modeling, and diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F. Duarte Campos
- Department of Advanced Materials for BiomedicineInstitute of Applied Medical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- Department of Advanced Materials for BiomedicineInstitute of Applied Medical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsAachen52074Germany
- Department of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
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49
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Rajeeva Pandian NK, Walther BK, Suresh R, Cooke JP, Jain A. Microengineered Human Vein-Chip Recreates Venous Valve Architecture and Its Contribution to Thrombosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003401. [PMID: 33205630 PMCID: PMC7791597 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its consequences are lethal, but current models cannot completely dissect its determinants-endothelium, flow, and blood constituents-together called Virchow's triad. Most models for studying DVT forego assessment of venous valves that serve as the primary sites of DVT formation. Therefore, the knowledge of DVT formed at the venous cusps has remained obscure due to lack of experimental models. Here, organ-on-chip methodology is leveraged to create a Vein-Chip platform integrating fully vascularized venous valves and its hemodynamic, as seen in vivo. These Vein-Chips reveal that vascular endothelium of valve cusps adapts to the locally disturbed microenvironment by expressing a different phenotype from the regions of uniform flow. This spatial adaptation of endothelial function recreated on the in vitro Vein-Chip platform is shown to protect the vein from thrombosis from disturbed flow in valves, but interestingly, cytokine stimulation reverses the effect and switches the valve endothelium to becoming prothrombotic. The platform eventually modulates the three factors of Virchow's triad and provides a systematic approach to investigate the determinants of fibrin and platelet dynamics of DVT. Therefore, this Vein-Chip offers a new preclinical approach to study venous pathophysiology and show effects of antithrombotic drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon K Walther
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rishi Suresh
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77808, USA
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50
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Fuller HC, Wei TY, Behrens MR, Ruder WC. The Future Application of Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies as Proving Grounds for MicroBioRobots. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E947. [PMID: 33092054 PMCID: PMC7589118 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An evolving understanding of disease pathogenesis has compelled the development of new drug delivery approaches. Recently, bioinspired microrobots have gained traction as drug delivery systems. By leveraging the microscale phenomena found in physiological systems, these microrobots can be designed with greater maneuverability, which enables more precise, controlled drug release. Their function could be further improved by testing their efficacy in physiologically relevant model systems as part of their development. In parallel with the emergence of microscale robots, organ-on-a-chip technologies have become important in drug discovery and physiological modeling. These systems reproduce organ-level functions in microfluidic devices, and can also incorporate specific biological, chemical, and physical aspects of a disease. This review highlights recent developments in both microrobotics and organ-on-a-chip technologies and envisions their combined use for developing future drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley C. Fuller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Ting-Yen Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Michael R. Behrens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Warren C. Ruder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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