1
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Guo L. F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 and mitochondria-organelle interactions: New insight and implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107393. [PMID: 39233058 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are metabolic hub, and act as primary sites for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolites generation. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake contributes to Ca2+ storage. Mitochondria-organelle interactions are important for cellular metabolic adaptation, biosynthesis, redox balance, cell fate. Organelle communications are mediated by Ca2+/ROS signals, vesicle transport and membrane contact sites. The permeability transition pore (PTP) is an unselective channel that provides a release pathway for Ca2+/ROS, mtDNA and metabolites. F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) participates in regulation of PTP opening and is required for the translocation of transcriptional factors c-Myc/PGC1α to mitochondria to stimulate metabolic switch. IF1, a mitochondrial specific protein, has been suggested to regulate other organelles including nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. IF1 may be able to mediate mitochondria-organelle interactions and cellular physiology through regulation of PTP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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2
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Guo J, Wang Y, Shi C, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Wang L, Gong Z. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex: Unveiling the interplay between its regulators and calcium homeostasis. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111284. [PMID: 38964444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc), serving as the specific channel for calcium influx into the mitochondrial matrix, is integral to calcium homeostasis and cellular integrity. Given its importance, ongoing research spans various disease models to understand the properties of the MCUc in pathophysiological contexts, but reported a different conclusion. Therefore, this review delves into the profound connection between MCUc-mediated calcium transients and cellular signaling pathways, mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and cell death. Additionally, we shed light on the recent advancements concerning the structural intricacies and auxiliary components of the MCUc in both resting and activated states. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on novel extrinsic and intrinsic regulators of the MCUc and their therapeutic implications across a spectrum of diseases. Meanwhile, we employed molecular docking simulations and identified candidate traditional Chinese medicine components with potential binding sites to the MCUc, potentially offering insights for further research on MCUc modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danmei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Taha M, Assali EA, Ben-Kasus Nissim T, Stutzmann GE, Shirihai OS, Hershfinkel M, Sekler I. NCLX controls hepatic mitochondrial Ca 2+ extrusion and couples hormone-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ oscillations with gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101982. [PMID: 38960129 PMCID: PMC11325370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic Ca2+ signaling has been identified as a crucial key factor in driving gluconeogenesis. The involvement of mitochondria in hormone-induced Ca2+ signaling and their contribution to metabolic activity remain, however, poorly understood. Moreover, the molecular mechanism governing the mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux signaling remains unresolved. This study investigates the role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX, in modulating hepatic mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux, and examines its physiological significance in hormonal hepatic Ca2+ signaling, gluconeogenesis, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. METHODS Primary mouse hepatocytes from both an AAV-mediated conditional hepatic-specific and a total mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX, knockout (KO) mouse models were employed for fluorescent monitoring of purinergic and glucagon/vasopressin-dependent mitochondrial and cytosolic hepatic Ca2+ responses in cultured hepatocytes. Isolated liver mitochondria and permeabilized primary hepatocytes were used to analyze the ion-dependence of Ca2+ efflux. Utilizing the conditional hepatic-specific NCLX KO model, the rate of gluconeogenesis was assessed by first monitoring glucose levels in fasted mice, and subsequently subjecting the mice to a pyruvate tolerance test while monitoring their blood glucose. Additionally, cultured primary hepatocytes from both genotypes were assessed in vitro for glucagon-dependent glucose production and cellular bioenergetics through glucose oxidase assay and Seahorse respirometry, respectively. RESULTS Analysis of Ca2+ responses in isolated liver mitochondria and cultured primary hepatocytes from NCLX KO versus WT mice showed that NCLX serves as the principal mechanism for mitochondrial calcium extrusion in hepatocytes. We then determined the role of NCLX in glucagon and vasopressin-induced Ca2+ oscillations. Consistent with previous studies, glucagon and vasopressin triggered Ca2+ oscillations in WT hepatocytes, however, the deletion of NCLX resulted in selective elimination of mitochondrial, but not cytosolic, Ca2+ oscillations, underscoring NCLX's pivotal role in mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation. Subsequent in vivo investigation for hepatic NCLX role in gluconeogenesis revealed that, as opposed to WT mice which maintained normoglycemic blood glucose levels when fasted, conditional hepatic-specific NCLX KO mice exhibited a faster drop in glucose levels, becoming hypoglycemic. Furthermore, KO mice showed deficient conversion of pyruvate to glucose when challenged under fasting conditions. Concurrent in vitro assessments showed impaired glucagon-dependent glucose production and compromised bioenergetics in KO hepatocytes, thereby underscoring NCLX's significant contribution to hepatic glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The study findings demonstrate that NCLX acts as the primary Ca2+ efflux mechanism in hepatocytes. NCLX is indispensable for regulating hormone-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations, mitochondrial metabolism, and sustenance of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Taha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Essam A Assali
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Tsipi Ben-Kasus Nissim
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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4
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Xu P, Swain S, Novorolsky RJ, Garcia E, Huang Z, Snutch TP, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS, Renden RB. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 increases neuronal excitability and reduces neurotransmission via off-target effects. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3503-3526. [PMID: 38779706 PMCID: PMC11309911 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excitotoxicity due to mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overloading can trigger neuronal cell death in a variety of pathologies. Inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue to prevent calcium overloading. Ru265 (ClRu(NH3)4(μ-N)Ru(NH3)4Cl]Cl3) is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with nanomolar affinity. Ru265 reduces sensorimotor deficits and neuronal death in models of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic use of Ru265 is limited by the induction of seizure-like behaviours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of Ru265 on synaptic and neuronal function in acute brain slices and hippocampal neuron cultures derived from mice, in control and where MCU expression was genetically abrogated. KEY RESULTS Ru265 decreased evoked responses from calyx terminals and induced spontaneous action potential firing of both the terminal and postsynaptic principal cell. Recordings of presynaptic Ca2+ currents suggested that Ru265 blocks the P/Q type channel, confirmed by the inhibition of currents in cells exogenously expressing the P/Q type channel. Measurements of presynaptic K+ currents further revealed that Ru265 blocked a KCNQ current, leading to increased membrane excitability, underlying spontaneous spiking. Ca2+ imaging of hippocampal neurons showed that Ru265 increased synchronized, high-amplitude events, recapitulating seizure-like activity seen in vivo. Importantly, MCU ablation did not suppress Ru265-induced increases in neuronal activity and seizures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pro-convulsant effects of Ru265 and suggest counter screening assays based on the measurement of P/Q and KCNQ channel currents to identify safe MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarpras Swain
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Esperanza Garcia
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert B Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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5
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Hasan P, Berezhnaya E, Rodríguez-Prados M, Weaver D, Bekeova C, Cartes-Saavedra B, Birch E, Beyer AM, Santos JH, Seifert EL, Elrod JW, Hajnóczky G. MICU1 and MICU2 control mitochondrial calcium signaling in the mammalian heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402491121. [PMID: 39163336 PMCID: PMC11363308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402491121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Activating Ca2+-sensitive enzymes of oxidative metabolism while preventing calcium overload that leads to mitochondrial and cellular injury requires dynamic control of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This is ensured by the mitochondrial calcium uptake (MICU)1/2 proteins that gate the pore of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU). MICU1 is relatively sparse in the heart, and recent studies claimed the mammalian heart lacks MICU1 gating of mtCU. However, genetic models have not been tested. We find that MICU1 is present in a complex with MCU in nonfailing human hearts. Furthermore, using murine genetic models and pharmacology, we show that MICU1 and MICU2 control cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, and that MICU1 deletion alters cardiomyocyte mitochondrial calcium signaling and energy metabolism. MICU1 loss causes substantial compensatory changes in the mtCU composition and abundance, increased turnover of essential MCU regulator (EMRE) early on and, later, of MCU, that limit mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and allow cell survival. Thus, both the primary consequences of MICU1 loss and the ensuing robust compensation highlight MICU1's relevance in the beating heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prottoy Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Elena Berezhnaya
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Macarena Rodríguez-Prados
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - David Weaver
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Carmen Bekeova
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Benjamin Cartes-Saavedra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Erin Birch
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Andreas M. Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC27709
| | - Erin L. Seifert
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - John W. Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging+Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19140
| | - György Hajnóczky
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
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6
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Vecellio Reane D, Serna JDC, Raffaello A. Unravelling the complexity of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter: regulation, tissue specificity, and physiological implications. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102907. [PMID: 38788256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling acts a pleiotropic message within the cell that is decoded by the mitochondria through a sophisticated ion channel known as the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) complex. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling is crucial for coordinating cell activation with energy production. Conversely, in pathological scenarios, it can determine the fine balance between cell survival and death. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular bases of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling. This began with the elucidation of the MCU channel components and extended to the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate its activity. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests molecular mechanisms allowing tissue-specific modulation of the MCU complex, tailoring channel activity to the specific needs of different tissues or cell types. This review aims to explore the latest evidence elucidating the regulation of the MCU complex, the molecular factors controlling the tissue-specific properties of the channel, and the physiological and pathological implications of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vecellio Reane
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany.
| | - Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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7
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Kaye SD, Goyani S, Tomar D. MICU1's calcium sensing beyond mitochondrial calcium uptake. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119714. [PMID: 38555977 PMCID: PMC11194792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of MICU1 as gatekeeper of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) entry has transformed our understanding of mCa2+ flux. Recent studies revealed an additional role of MICU1 as a Ca2+ sensor at MICOS (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system). MICU1's presence at MICOS suggests its involvement in coordinating Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Besides its role in Ca2+ regulation, MICU1 influences cellular signaling pathways including transcription, epigenetic regulation, metabolism, and cell death, thereby affecting human health. Here, we summarize recent findings on MICU1's canonical and noncanonical functions, and its relevance to human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Kaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shanikumar Goyani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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8
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Stevens TL, Cohen HM, Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel gatekeeping in cardiovascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:500-514. [PMID: 39185387 PMCID: PMC11343476 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uniporter channel (mtCU) resides at the inner mitochondrial membrane and is required for Ca2+ to enter the mitochondrial matrix. The mtCU is essential for cellular function, as mCa2+ regulates metabolism, bioenergetics, signaling pathways and cell death. mCa2+ uptake is primarily regulated by the MICU family (MICU1, MICU2, MICU3), EF-hand-containing Ca2+-sensing proteins, which respond to cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations to modulate mtCU activity. Considering that mitochondrial function and Ca2+ signaling are ubiquitously disrupted in cardiovascular disease, mtCU function has been a hot area of investigation for the last decade. Here we provide an in-depth review of MICU-mediated regulation of mtCU structure and function, as well as potential mtCU-independent functions of these proteins. We detail their role in cardiac physiology and cardiovascular disease by highlighting the phenotypes of different mutant animal models, with an emphasis on therapeutic potential and targets of interest in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L. Stevens
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanne F. Garbincius
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Ponnusamy T, Velusamy P, Shanmughapriya S. Mrs2-mediated mitochondrial magnesium uptake is essential for the regulation of MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake and viability. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101877. [PMID: 38599304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is essential in regulating bioenergetics, cell death, and cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) mediates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Though MCU regulation by MICUs is unequivocally established, there needs to be more knowledge of whether divalent cations regulate MCU. Here, we set out to understand the mitochondrial matrix Mg2+-dependent regulation of MCU activity. We showed that decreased matrix [Mg2+] is associated with increased MCU activity and significantly prompted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Our findings support the critical role of mMg2+ in regulating MCU activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvelselvan Ponnusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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10
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Wang J, Jiang J, Hu H, Chen L. MCU complex: Exploring emerging targets and mechanisms of mitochondrial physiology and pathology. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00075-4. [PMID: 38417574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the onset and progression of multiple human diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake dynamics mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, which plays a key role in mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite relevant studies, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. AIM OF REVIEW This article provides an in-depth analysis of the current research status of the MCU complex, focusing on its molecular composition, regulatory mechanisms, and association with diseases. In addition, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the regulatory effects of agonists, inhibitors, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers on the MCU complex and their application prospects in disease treatment. From the perspective of medicinal chemistry, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the structure-activity relationship between these small molecules and MCU and deduced potential pharmacophores and binding pockets. Simultaneously, key structural domains of the MCU complex in Homo sapiens were identified. We also studied the functional expression of the MCU complex in Drosophila, Zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis elegans. These analyses provide a basis for exploring potential treatment strategies targeting the MCU complex and provide strong support for the development of future precision medicine and treatments. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The MCU complex exhibits varying behavior across different tissues and plays various roles in metabolic functions. It consists of six MCU subunits, an essential MCU regulator (EMRE), and solute carrier 25A23 (SLC25A23). They regulate processes, such as mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, calcium dynamics, oxidative stress (OS), and cell death. Regulation makes it a potential target for treating diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Haoliang Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; College of Medicine, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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11
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Bulthuis EP, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, de Potter B, Hoogstraten S, Wezendonk LHT, Tutakhel OAZ, Wintjes LT, van den Heuvel B, Willems PHGM, Kamsteeg EJ, Gozalbo MER, Sallevelt SCEH, Koudijs SM, Nicolai J, de Bie CI, Hoogendijk JE, Koopman WJH, Rodenburg RJ. SMDT1 variants impair EMRE-mediated mitochondrial calcium uptake in patients with muscle involvement. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166808. [PMID: 37454773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic calcium (Ca2+) is a key messenger in signal transduction and its mitochondrial uptake plays an important role in cell physiology. This uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), which is regulated by EMRE (essential MCU regulator) encoded by the SMDT1 (single-pass membrane protein with aspartate rich tail 1) gene. This work presents the genetic, clinical and cellular characterization of two patients harbouring SMDT1 variants and presenting with muscle problems. Analysis of patient fibroblasts and complementation experiments demonstrated that these variants lead to absence of EMRE protein, induce MCU subcomplex formation and impair mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. However, the activity of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, as well as routine/ATP-linked respiration were not affected. We hypothesize that the muscle-related symptoms in the SMDT1 patients result from aberrant mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel J W Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan de Potter
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Hoogstraten
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne H T Wezendonk
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Omar A Z Tutakhel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth T Wintjes
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van den Heuvel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Estela Rubio Gozalbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Koudijs
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Nicolai
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I de Bie
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica E Hoogendijk
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Li X, Zhao J, Lv Q, Tian Y, Zhang L, Liu T. Electroacupuncture alleviates multifidus muscle injury by modulating mitochondrial function and Ca 2+ uptake. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:3060-3072. [PMID: 35235712 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multifidus muscles maintain the stability of the lumbar spine and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nonspecific lower back pain. Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) can relieve the symptoms of low back pain and reduce injury to the lumbar multifidus muscles. In this study, a rat model of lumbar multifidus muscle injury was established by 0.05% bupivacaine injection and subsequently treated with EA at bilateral "Weizhong" (BL40) acupoints. Disruption of the function and structure of multifidus muscles, increased cytosolic Ca2+ in multifidus myocytes, and reduced mitochondrial fission and ATP production were observed in the model group. Additionally, increased expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) promoted mitochondrial reuptake of Ca2+ , reversing the excessive increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ . However, the excessive increase in MCU not only aggravated the increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ but also decreased the expression of the mitochondrial division proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). EA inhibited the overexpression of MCU, promoted mitochondrial reuptake of Ca2+ , and reversed cytosolic Ca2+ overload. Furthermore, EA regulated the expression of the mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 and MFF and promoted the production of ATP, helping the recovery of mitochondrial function after multifidus injury. Therefore, EA can protect against bupivacaine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, possibly by attenuating MCU overexpression in the inner mitochondrial membrane and reducing Ca2+ overloading in muscle cells, thereby protecting mitochondrial function and maintaining the normal energy demand of muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Lv
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Chen Y, Pang S, Li J, Lu Y, Gao C, Xiao Y, Chen M, Wang M, Ren X. Genetically encoded protein sensors for metal ion detection in biological systems: a review and bibliometric analysis. Analyst 2023; 148:5564-5581. [PMID: 37872814 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01412f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are indispensable elements in living organisms and are associated with regulating various biological processes. An imbalance in metal ion content can lead to disorders in normal physiological functions of the human body and cause various diseases. Genetically encoded fluorescent protein sensors have the advantages of low biotoxicity, high specificity, and a long imaging time in vivo and have become a powerful tool to visualize or quantify the concentration level of biomolecules in vivo and in vitro, temporal and spatial distribution, and life activity process. This review analyzes the development status and current research hotspots in the field of genetically encoded fluorescent protein sensors by bibliometric analysis. Based on the results of bibliometric analysis, the research progress of genetically encoded fluorescent protein sensors for metal ion detection is reviewed, and the construction strategies, physicochemical properties, and applications of such sensors in biological imaging are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxueyuan Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - ShuChao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jingya Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yun Lu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chenxia Gao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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14
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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15
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Humbert A, Lefebvre R, Nawrot M, Caussy C, Rieusset J. Calcium signalling in hepatic metabolism: Health and diseases. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102780. [PMID: 37506596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility between the wide array of hepatic functions relies on calcium (Ca2+) signalling. Indeed, Ca2+ is implicated in the control of many intracellular functions as well as intercellular communication. Thus, hepatocytes adapt their Ca2+ signalling depending on their nutritional and hormonal environment, leading to opposite cellular functions, such as glucose storage or synthesis. Interestingly, hepatic metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, are associated with impaired Ca2+ signalling. Here, we present the hepatocytes' toolkit for Ca2+ signalling, complete with regulation systems and signalling pathways activated by nutrients and hormones. We further discuss the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms leading to alterations of Ca2+ signalling in hepatic metabolic diseases, and review the literature on the clinical impact of Ca2+-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Humbert
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Rémy Lefebvre
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Margaux Nawrot
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Cyrielle Caussy
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France; Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
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16
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Kadam A, Jadiya P, Tomar D. Post-translational modifications and protein quality control of mitochondrial channels and transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196466. [PMID: 37601094 PMCID: PMC10434574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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17
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Kushwaha AD, Kalra N, Varshney R, Saraswat D. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload due to altered proteostasis amplifies apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts under hypoxia: Protective role of nanocurcumin formulation. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:673-687. [PMID: 37002613 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe hypoxia triggers apoptosis leads to myofibers loss and is attributable to impaired intracellular calcium (iCa2+ ) homeostasis, resulting in reduced muscle activity. Hypoxia increases intracellular Ca2+ by activating the release of Ca2+ from iCa2+ stores, however, the effect of increased [iCa2+ ] on the mitochondria of muscle cells at high-altitude hypoxia is largely unexplored. This study examined mitochondrial Ca2+ overload due to altered expression of mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1), that is, a gatekeeper of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). p53 stabilization and its translocation to the mitochondria were observed following disrupted mitochondrial membrane integrity in myoblasts under hypoxia. Furthermore, the downstream effects of p53 led to the upregulation of proapoptotic proteins (Bax, Caspase-3, and cytochrome C) in myoblasts under hypoxia. Nanocurcumin-pyrroloquinoline quinone formulation (NCF; Indian patent no. 302877), developed to address hypoxia-induced consequences, was found to be beneficial in maintaining mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and limiting p53 translocation into mitochondria under hypoxia in muscle myoblasts. NCF treatment also modulates heat shock proteins and apoptosis-regulating protein expression in myoblasts. Conclusively, we proposed that mitochondrial Ca2+ overload due to altered MICU1 expression intensifies apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctionality. The study also reported that NCF could improve mitochondrial [Ca2+ ] homeostasis and antiapoptotic ability in C2C12 myoblasts under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha D Kushwaha
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Namita Kalra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Saraswat
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
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18
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Ponnusamy T, Velusamy P, Kumar A, Morris D, Zhang X, Ning G, Klinger M, Copper JE, Rajan S, Cheung JY, Natarajaseenivasan K, Mnatsakanyan N, Shanmughapriya S. Mitochondrial Magnesium is the cationic rheostat for MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3088175. [PMID: 37502932 PMCID: PMC10371168 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088175/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) uptake by mitochondria is essential in regulating bioenergetics, cell death, and cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) mediates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MCU is a heterooligomeric complex with a pore-forming component and accessory proteins required for channel activity. Though MCU regulation by MICUs is unequivocally established, there needs to be more knowledge of whether divalent cations regulate MCU. Here we set out to understand the mitochondrial matrix Mg2+-dependent regulation of MCU activity. We showed Mrs2 as the authentic mammalian mitochondrial Mg2+ channel using the planar lipid bilayer recordings. Using a liver-specific Mrs2 KO mouse model, we showed that decreased matrix [Mg2+] is associated with increased MCU activity and matrix Ca2+ overload. The disruption of Mg2+dependent MCU regulation significantly prompted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening-mediated cell death during tissue IR injury. Our findings support a critical role for mMg2+ in regulating MCU activity and attenuating mCa2+ overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvelselvan Ponnusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Daniel Morris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gang Ning
- Microscopy Core Facility, Penn State Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Marianne Klinger
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jean E. Copper
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Department of Renal Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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19
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Rodríguez-Prados M, Huang KT, Márta K, Paillard M, Csordás G, Joseph SK, Hajnóczky G. MICU1 controls the sensitivity of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter to activators and inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:606-617.e4. [PMID: 37244260 PMCID: PMC10370359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis loses its control in many diseases and might provide therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the uniporter channel (mtCU), formed by MCU and is regulated by the Ca2+-sensing gatekeeper, MICU1, which shows tissue-specific stoichiometry. An important gap in knowledge is the molecular mechanism of the mtCU activators and inhibitors. We report that all pharmacological activators of the mtCU (spermine, kaempferol, SB202190) act in a MICU1-dependent manner, likely by binding to MICU1 and preventing MICU1's gatekeeping activity. These agents also sensitized the mtCU to inhibition by Ru265 and enhanced the Mn2+-induced cytotoxicity as previously seen with MICU1 deletion. Thus, MCU gating by MICU1 is the target of mtCU agonists and is a barrier for inhibitors like RuRed/Ru360/Ru265. The varying MICU1:MCU ratios result in different outcomes for both mtCU agonists and antagonists in different tissues, which is relevant for both pre-clinical research and therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Rodríguez-Prados
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kai-Ting Huang
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Katalin Márta
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Suresh K Joseph
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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20
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Greiser M, Karbowski M, Kaplan AD, Coleman AK, Verhoeven N, Mannella CA, Lederer WJ, Boyman L. Calcium and bicarbonate signaling pathways have pivotal, resonating roles in matching ATP production to demand. eLife 2023; 12:e84204. [PMID: 37272417 PMCID: PMC10284600 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP production in ventricular cardiomyocytes must be continually adjusted to rapidly replenish the ATP consumed by the working heart. Two systems are known to be critical in this regulation: mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) and blood flow that is tuned by local cardiomyocyte metabolic signaling. However, these two regulatory systems do not fully account for the physiological range of ATP consumption observed. We report here on the identity, location, and signaling cascade of a third regulatory system -- CO2/bicarbonate. CO2 is generated in the mitochondrial matrix as a metabolic waste product of the oxidation of nutrients. It is a lipid soluble gas that rapidly permeates the inner mitochondrial membrane and produces bicarbonate in a reaction accelerated by carbonic anhydrase. The bicarbonate level is tracked physiologically by a bicarbonate-activated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Using structural Airyscan super-resolution imaging and functional measurements we find that sAC is primarily inside the mitochondria of ventricular cardiomyocytes where it generates cAMP when activated by bicarbonate. Our data strongly suggest that ATP production in these mitochondria is regulated by this cAMP signaling cascade operating within the inter-membrane space by activating local EPAC1 (Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP) which turns on Rap1 (Ras-related protein-1). Thus, mitochondrial ATP production is increased by bicarbonate-triggered sAC-signaling through Rap1. Additional evidence is presented indicating that the cAMP signaling itself does not occur directly in the matrix. We also show that this third signaling process involving bicarbonate and sAC activates the mitochondrial ATP production machinery by working independently of, yet in conjunction with, [Ca2+]m-dependent ATP production to meet the energy needs of cellular activity in both health and disease. We propose that the bicarbonate and calcium signaling arms function in a resonant or complementary manner to match mitochondrial ATP production to the full range of energy consumption in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Greiser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Physiology, University of Marylan School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Aaron David Kaplan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Andrew Kyle Coleman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Physiology, University of Marylan School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nicolas Verhoeven
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Carmen A Mannella
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Physiology, University of Marylan School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Physiology, University of Marylan School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Physiology, University of Marylan School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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21
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Gottschalk B, Malli R, Graier WF. MICU1 deficiency alters mitochondrial morphology and cytochrome C release. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102765. [PMID: 37290367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner boundary membrane harbors a protein called MICU1, which is sensitive to Ca2+ and binds to the MICOS components Mic60 and CHCHD2. Changes in the mitochondrial cristae junction structure and organization in MICU1-/- cells lead to increased cytochrome c release, membrane potential rearrangement, and changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake dynamics. These findings shed new light on the multifaceted role of MICU1, highlighting its involvement not only as an interaction partner and regulator of the MCU complex but also as a crucial determinant of mitochondrial ultrastructure and, thus, an essential player in processes initiating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, Graz, 8010 Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, Graz, 8010 Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.
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22
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Dhaouadi N, Vitto VAM, Pinton P, Galluzzi L, Marchi S. Ca 2+ signaling and cell death. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102759. [PMID: 37210868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple forms of regulated cell death (RCD) have been characterized, each of which originates from the activation of a dedicated molecular machinery. RCD can occur in purely physiological settings or upon failing cellular adaptation to stress. Ca2+ions have been shown to physically interact with - and hence regulate - various components of the RCD machinery. Moreover, intracellular Ca2+ accumulation can promote organellar dysfunction to degree that can be overtly cytotoxic or sensitize cells to RCD elicited by other stressors. Here, we provide an overview of the main links between Ca2+and different forms of RCD, including apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, lysosome-dependent cell death, and parthanatos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Dhaouadi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
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23
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Rodríguez-Prados M, Berezhnaya E, Castromonte MT, Menezes-Filho SL, Paillard M, Hajnóczky G. MICU1 occludes the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in divalent-free conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218999120. [PMID: 37126688 PMCID: PMC10175726 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218999120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial uniporter complex (mtCU) that includes a tetramer of the pore-forming subunit, MCU, a scaffold protein, EMRE, and the EF-hand regulatory subunit, MICU1 either homodimerized or heterodimerized with MICU2/3. MICU1 has been proposed to regulate Ca2+ uptake via the mtCU by physically occluding the pore and preventing Ca2+ flux at resting cytoplasmic [Ca2+] (free calcium concentration) and to increase Ca2+ flux at high [Ca2+] due to cooperative activation of MICUs EF-hands. However, mtCU and MICU1 functioning when its EF-hands are unoccupied by Ca2+ is poorly studied due to technical limitations. To overcome this barrier, we have studied the mtCU in divalent-free conditions by assessing the Ru265-sensitive Na+ influx using fluorescence-based measurement of mitochondrial matrix [Na+] (free sodium concentration) rise and the ensuing depolarization and swelling. We show an increase in all these measures of Na+ uptake in MICU1KO cells as compared to wild-type (WT) and rescued MICU1KO HEK cells. However, mitochondria in WT cells and MICU1 stable-rescued cells still allowed some Ru265-sensitive Na+ influx that was prevented by MICU1 in excess upon acute overexpression. Thus, MICU1 restricts the cation flux across the mtCU in the absence of Ca2+, but even in cells with high endogenous MICU1 expression such as HEK, some mtCU seem to lack MICU1-dependent gating. We also show rearrangement of the mtCU and altered number of functional channels in MICU1KO and different rescues, and loss of MICU1 during mitoplast preparation, that together might have obscured the pore-blocking function of MICU1 in divalent-free conditions in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Rodríguez-Prados
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Elena Berezhnaya
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Maria Teresa Castromonte
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Sergio L. Menezes-Filho
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
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24
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Tomar D, Thomas M, Garbincius JF, Kolmetzky DW, Salik O, Jadiya P, Joseph SK, Carpenter AC, Hajnóczky G, Elrod JW. MICU1 regulates mitochondrial cristae structure and function independently of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter channel. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabi8948. [PMID: 37098122 PMCID: PMC10388395 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
MICU1 is a calcium (Ca2+)-binding protein that regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel complex (mtCU) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MICU1 knockout mice display disorganized mitochondrial architecture, a phenotype that is distinct from that of mice with deficiencies in other mtCU subunits and, thus, is likely not explained by changes in mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ content. Using proteomic and cellular imaging techniques, we found that MICU1 localized to the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and directly interacted with the MICOS components MIC60 and CHCHD2 independently of the mtCU. We demonstrated that MICU1 was essential for MICOS complex formation and that MICU1 ablation resulted in altered cristae organization, mitochondrial ultrastructure, mitochondrial membrane dynamics, and cell death signaling. Together, our results suggest that MICU1 is an intermembrane space Ca2+ sensor that modulates mitochondrial membrane dynamics independently of matrix Ca2+ uptake. This system enables distinct Ca2+ signaling in the mitochondrial matrix and at the intermembrane space to modulate cellular energetics and cell death in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Manfred Thomas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Oniel Salik
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Suresh K. Joseph
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - April C. Carpenter
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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25
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Tsai CW, Liu TY, Chao FY, Tu YC, Rodriguez MX, Van Keuren AM, Ma Z, Bankston J, Tsai MF. Evidence supporting the MICU1 occlusion mechanism and against the potentiation model in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217665120. [PMID: 37036971 PMCID: PMC10120041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217665120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a Ca2+ channel that imports cytoplasmic Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix to regulate cell bioenergetics, intracellular Ca2+ signaling, and apoptosis. The uniporter contains the pore-forming MCU subunit, an auxiliary EMRE protein, and the regulatory MICU1/MICU2 subunits. Structural and biochemical studies have suggested that MICU1 gates MCU by blocking/unblocking the pore. However, mitoplast patch-clamp experiments argue that MICU1 does not block, but instead potentiates MCU via allosteric mechanisms. Here, we address this direct clash of the proposed MICU1 function. Supporting the MICU1-occlusion mechanism, patch-clamp demonstrates that purified MICU1 strongly suppresses MCU Ca2+ currents, and this inhibition is abolished by mutating the MCU-interacting K126 residue. Moreover, a membrane-depolarization assay shows that MICU1 prevents MCU-mediated Na+ flux into intact mitochondria under Ca2+-free conditions. Examining the observations underlying the potentiation model, we found that MICU1 occlusion was not detected in mitoplasts not because MICU1 cannot block, but because MICU1 dissociates from the uniporter complex. Furthermore, MICU1 depletion reduces uniporter transport not because MICU1 can potentiate MCU, but because EMRE is down-regulated. These results firmly establish the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiologically crucial process of uniporter regulation by MICU1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Fan-Yi Chao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Yung-Chi Tu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Madison X. Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Anna M. Van Keuren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - John Bankston
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Ming-Feng Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
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26
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Jadiya P, Cohen HM, Kolmetzky DW, Kadam AA, Tomar D, Elrod JW. Neuronal loss of NCLX-dependent mitochondrial calcium efflux mediates age-associated cognitive decline. iScience 2023; 26:106296. [PMID: 36936788 PMCID: PMC10014305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We recently reported that loss of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX), the primary mechanism of mCa2+ efflux, promotes mCa2+ overload, metabolic derangement, redox stress, and cognitive decline in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether disrupted mCa2+ signaling contributes to neuronal pathology and cognitive decline independent of pre-existing amyloid or tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene), and evaluated age-associated changes in cognitive function and neuropathology. Neuronal loss of NCLX resulted in an age-dependent decline in spatial and cued recall memory, moderate amyloid deposition, mild tau pathology, synaptic remodeling, and indications of cell death. These results demonstrate that loss of NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux alone is sufficient to induce an Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and highlights the promise of therapies targeting mCa2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashlesha A. Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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27
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Mitochondrial cristae in health and disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123755. [PMID: 36812974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are centers of energy metabolism. The mitochondrial network is shaped by mitochondrial dynamics, including the processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion and cristae remodeling. The cristae folded by the inner mitochondrial membrane are sites of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. However, the factors and their coordinated interplay in cristae remodeling and linked human diseases have not been fully demonstrated. In this review, we focus on key regulators of cristae structure, including the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system, optic atrophy-1, mitochondrial calcium uniporter, and ATP synthase, which function in the dynamic remodeling of cristae. We summarized their contribution to sustaining functional cristae structure and abnormal cristae morphology, including a decreased number of cristae, enlarged cristae junctions, and cristae as concentric ring structures. These abnormalities directly impact cellular respiration and are caused by dysfunction or deletion of these regulators in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Leigh syndrome, and dominant optic atrophy. Identifying the important regulators of cristae morphology and understanding their role in sustaining mitochondrial morphology could be applied to explore the pathologies of diseases and to develop relevant therapeutic tools.
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28
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Colussi DM, Stathopulos PB. From passage to inhibition: Uncovering the structural and physiological inhibitory mechanisms of MCUb in mitochondrial calcium regulation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22678. [PMID: 36538269 PMCID: PMC10107711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+ ) regulation is critically implicated in the regulation of bioenergetics and cell fate. Ca2+ , a universal signaling ion, passively diffuses into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), where uptake into the matrix is tightly regulated across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (mtCU). In recent years, immense progress has been made in identifying and characterizing distinct structural and physiological mechanisms of mtCU component function. One of the main regulatory components of the Ca2+ selective mtCU channel is the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter dominant-negative beta subunit (MCUb). The structural mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect(s) exerted by MCUb are poorly understood, despite high homology to the main mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) channel-forming subunits. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural differences between MCUb and MCU, believed to contribute to the inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. We highlight the possible structural rationale for the absent interaction between MCUb and the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1) gatekeeping subunit and a potential widening of the pore upon integration of MCUb into the channel. We discuss physiological and pathophysiological information known about MCUb, underscoring implications in cardiac function and arrhythmia as a basis for future therapeutic discovery. Finally, we discuss potential post-translational modifications on MCUb as another layer of important regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Colussi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Stem Cells, Development, and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:1-22. [PMID: 35739412 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a process that permits rapid exchange of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and thus plays a vital role in mitochondrial function and cellular signaling. Formation of the pore that mediates this flux is well-documented in injury and disease but its regulation has also emerged as critical to the fate of stem cells during embryonic development. The precise molecular composition of the mPTP has been enigmatic, with far more genetic studies eliminating molecular candidates than confirming them. Rigorous studies in the recent decade have implicated central involvement of the F1Fo ATP synthase, or complex V of the electron transport chain, and continue to confirm a regulatory role for Cyclophilin D (CypD), encoded by Ppif, in modulating the sensitivity of the pore to opening. A host of endogenous molecules have been shown to trigger flux characteristic of mPT, including positive regulators such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, inorganic phosphate, and fatty acids. Conductance of the pore has been described as low or high, and reversibility of pore opening appears to correspond with the relative abundance of negative regulators of mPT such as adenine nucleotides, hydrogen ion, and divalent cations that compete for calcium-binding sites in the mPTP. Current models suggest that distinct pores could be responsible for differing reversibility and conductance depending upon cellular context. Indeed, irreversible propagation of mPT inevitably leads to collapse of transmembrane potential, arrest of ATP synthesis, mitochondrial swelling, and cell death. Future studies should clarify ambiguities in mPTP structure and reveal new roles for mPT in dictating specialized cellular functions beyond cell survival that are tied to mitochondrial fitness including stem cell self-renewal and fate. The focus of this review is to describe contemporary models of the mPTP and highlight how pore activity impacts stem cells and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep P Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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30
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Advances in Human Mitochondria-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010608. [PMID: 36614050 PMCID: PMC9820658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key biological generators of eukaryotic cells, controlling the energy supply while providing many important biosynthetic intermediates. Mitochondria act as a dynamic, functionally and structurally interconnected network hub closely integrated with other cellular compartments via biomembrane systems, transmitting biological information by shuttling between cells and tissues. Defects and dysregulation of mitochondrial functions are critically involved in pathological mechanisms contributing to aging, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and other severe human diseases. Mediating and rejuvenating the mitochondria may therefore be of significant benefit to prevent, reverse, and even treat such pathological conditions in patients. The goal of this review is to present the most advanced strategies using mitochondria to manage such disorders and to further explore innovative approaches in the field of human mitochondria-based therapies.
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31
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Neill T, Xie C, Iozzo RV. Decorin evokes reversible mitochondrial depolarization in carcinoma and vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1355-C1373. [PMID: 36036446 PMCID: PMC9602711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00325.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan with multiple biological functions, is known to evoke autophagy and mitophagy in both endothelial and cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effects of soluble decorin on mitochondrial homeostasis using live cell imaging and ex vivo angiogenic assays. We discovered that decorin triggers mitochondrial depolarization in triple-negative breast carcinoma, HeLa, and endothelial cells. This bioactivity was mediated by the protein core in a time- and dose-dependent manner and was specific for decorin insofar as biglycan, the closest homolog, failed to trigger depolarization. Mechanistically, we found that the bioactivity of decorin to promote depolarization required the MET receptor and its tyrosine kinase. Moreover, two mitochondrial interacting proteins, mitostatin and mitofusin 2, were essential for downstream decorin effects. Finally, we found that decorin relied on the canonical mitochondrial permeability transition pore to trigger tumor cell mitochondrial depolarization. Collectively, our study implicates decorin as a soluble outside-in regulator of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Ruberti C, Feitosa-Araujo E, Xu Z, Wagner S, Grenzi M, Darwish E, Lichtenauer S, Fuchs P, Parmagnani AS, Balcerowicz D, Schoenaers S, de la Torre C, Mekkaoui K, Nunes-Nesi A, Wirtz M, Vissenberg K, Van Aken O, Hause B, Costa A, Schwarzländer M. MCU proteins dominate in vivo mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4428-4452. [PMID: 35938694 PMCID: PMC9614509 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is central to plant development and acclimation. While Ca2+-responsive proteins have been investigated intensely in plants, only a few Ca2+-permeable channels have been identified, and our understanding of how intracellular Ca2+ fluxes is facilitated remains limited. Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of the mammalian channel-forming mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) protein showed Ca2+ transport activity in vitro. Yet, the evolutionary complexity of MCU proteins, as well as reports about alternative systems and unperturbed mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in knockout lines of MCU genes, leave critical questions about the in vivo functions of the MCU protein family in plants unanswered. Here, we demonstrate that MCU proteins mediate mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in planta and that this mechanism is the major route for fast Ca2+ uptake. Guided by the subcellular localization, expression, and conservation of MCU proteins, we generated an mcu triple knockout line. Using Ca2+ imaging in living root tips and the stimulation of Ca2+ transients of different amplitudes, we demonstrated that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake became limiting in the triple mutant. The drastic cell physiological phenotype of impaired subcellular Ca2+ transport coincided with deregulated jasmonic acid-related signaling and thigmomorphogenesis. Our findings establish MCUs as a major mitochondrial Ca2+ entry route in planta and link mitochondrial Ca2+ transport with phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Zhaolong Xu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, I-20133, Italy
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | | | - Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, I-20133, Italy
| | - Essam Darwish
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Physiology Section, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Sophie Lichtenauer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | | | | | - Daria Balcerowicz
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany
| | - Khansa Mekkaoui
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece
| | | | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Alex Costa
- Authors for correspondence: (A.C); (M.S.)
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33
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Tsai CW, Rodriguez MX, Van Keuren AM, Phillips CB, Shushunov HM, Lee JE, Garcia AM, Ambardekar AV, Cleveland JC, Reisz JA, Proenza C, Chatfield KC, Tsai MF. Mechanisms and significance of tissue-specific MICU regulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3661-3676.e8. [PMID: 36206740 PMCID: PMC9557913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, regulates oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Previous studies suggest that non-neuronal uniporters are exclusively regulated by a MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer. Here, we show that skeletal-muscle and kidney uniporters also complex with a MICU1-MICU1 homodimer and that human/mouse cardiac uniporters are largely devoid of MICUs. Cells employ protein-importation machineries to fine-tune the relative abundance of MICU1 homo- and heterodimers and utilize a conserved MICU intersubunit disulfide to protect properly assembled dimers from proteolysis by YME1L1. Using the MICU1 homodimer or removing MICU1 allows mitochondria to more readily take up Ca2+ so that cells can produce more ATP in response to intracellular Ca2+ transients. However, the trade-off is elevated ROS, impaired basal metabolism, and higher susceptibility to death. These results provide mechanistic insights into how tissues can manipulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake properties to support their unique physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison X Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Van Keuren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Charles B Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah M Shushunov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica E Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ming-Feng Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Uzhachenko R, Shimamoto A, Chirwa SS, Ivanov SV, Ivanova AV, Shanker A. Mitochondrial Fus1/Tusc2 and cellular Ca2 + homeostasis: tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1307-1320. [PMID: 35181743 PMCID: PMC9576590 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
FUS1/TUSC2 (FUSion1/TUmor Suppressor Candidate 2) is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) originally described as a member of the TSG cluster from human 3p21.3 chromosomal region frequently deleted in lung cancer. Its role as a TSG in lung, breast, bone, and other cancers was demonstrated by several groups, but molecular mechanisms of its activities are starting to unveil lately. They suggest that Fus1-dependent mechanisms are relevant in etiologies of diseases beyond cancer, such as chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, premature aging, and geriatric diseases. Here, we revisit the discovery of FUS1 gene in the context of tumor initiation and progression, and review 20 years of research into FUS1 functions and its molecular, structural, and biological aspects that have led to its use in clinical trials and gene therapy. We present a data-driven view on how interactions of Fus1 with the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) transport machinery maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and control cell apoptosis and senescence. This Fus1-mediated cellular homeostasis is at the crux of tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanika S Chirwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Jackson J, Wischhof L, Scifo E, Pellizzer A, Wang Y, Piazzesi A, Gentile D, Siddig S, Stork M, Hopkins CE, Händler K, Weis J, Roos A, Schultze JL, Nicotera P, Ehninger D, Bano D. SGPL1 stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria in MICU1 deficient cells. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101503. [PMID: 35452878 PMCID: PMC9170783 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial “retrograde” signaling may stimulate organelle biogenesis as a compensatory adaptation to aberrant activity of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. To maintain energy-consuming processes in OXPHOS deficient cells, alternative metabolic pathways are functionally coupled to the degradation, recycling and redistribution of biomolecules across distinct intracellular compartments. While transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial network expansion has been the focus of many studies, the molecular mechanisms promoting mitochondrial maintenance in energy-deprived cells remain poorly investigated. Methods We performed transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics and lifespan assays to identify pathways that are mechanistically linked to mitochondrial network expansion and homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans lacking the mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1 (MICU-1/MICU1). To support our findings, we carried out biochemical and image analyses in mammalian cells and mouse-derived tissues. Results We report that micu-1(null) mutations impair the OXPHOS system and promote C. elegans longevity through a transcriptional program that is independent of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter MCU-1/MCU and the essential MCU regulator EMRE-1/EMRE. We identify sphingosine phosphate lyase SPL-1/SGPL1 and the ATFS-1-target HOPS complex subunit VPS-39/VPS39 as critical lifespan modulators of micu-1(null) mutant animals. Cross-species investigation indicates that SGPL1 upregulation stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria, thereby enhancing mitochondria-lysosome contacts. Consistently, VPS39 downregulation compromises mitochondrial network maintenance and basal autophagic flux in MICU1 deficient cells. In mouse-derived muscles, we show that VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria may represent a common signature associated with altered OXPHOS system. Conclusions Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized SGPL1/VPS39 axis that stimulates intracellular organelle interactions and sustains autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in OXPHOS deficient cells. micu-1(null) nematodes are long-lived mitochondrial mutants. MICU-1/MICU1 deficiency stimulates VPS-39/VPS39 and SPL-1/SGPL1 upregulation. VPS-39 sustains mitochondrial network expansion in micu-1(null) nematodes. VPS39 and SGPL1 expression influences mitochondria-lysosome contact sites in MICU1 deficient cells. VPS39/SGPL1 signaling may be a common signature of mitochondrial deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jackson
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Pellizzer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yiru Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonia Piazzesi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Debora Gentile
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sana Siddig
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Stork
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kristian Händler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Universitätsklinikum Essen and Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; LIMES Institute, Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange in physiology and disease. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:893-992. [PMID: 34698550 PMCID: PMC8816638 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Singh R, Bartok A, Paillard M, Tyburski A, Elliott M, Hajnóczky G. Uncontrolled mitochondrial calcium uptake underlies the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in MICU1-deficient mice and patients. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj4716. [PMID: 35302860 PMCID: PMC8932652 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is mediated via the calcium uniporter complex that is primarily regulated by MICU1, a Ca2+-sensing gatekeeper. Recently, human patients with MICU1 loss-of-function mutations were diagnosed with neuromuscular and cognitive impairments. While studies in patient-derived cells revealed altered mitochondrial calcium signaling, the neuronal pathogenesis was difficult to study. To fill this void, we created a neuron-specific MICU1-KO mouse model. These animals show progressive, abnormal motor and cognitive phenotypes likely caused by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and the cortex. We found increased susceptibility to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload-induced excitotoxic insults and cell death in MICU1-KO neurons and MICU1-deficient patient-derived cells, which can be blunted by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Thus, our study identifies altered neuronal mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis as causative in the clinical symptoms of MICU1-deficient patients and highlights potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Singh
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Bartok
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departent of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Tyburski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melanie Elliott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Márta K, Booth D, Csordás G, Hajnóczky G. Fluorescent protein transgenic mice for the study of Ca 2+ and redox signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:241-250. [PMID: 35158029 PMCID: PMC8988923 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many unanswered questions of physiology and medicine require in vivo studies of cellular processes in murine models. These processes commonly depend on intracellular Ca2+ and redox alterations. Fluorescent dyes have succeeded in real-time intracellular monitoring of Ca2+, redox and the different Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in single cells, but have seldomly been applied in vivo. The advance in Fluorescent Protein (FP) technology has created alternative tools for the same task, which can be delivered with viruses or genomic integration strategies into mice. With the availability of several color options for both Ca2+ and redox reporting FP, multiparameter measurements have also become feasible: measuring different species, and the same parameter at different locations using organelle-specific targeting sequences at the same time. We, here, focus on mice with genomic integration of Ca2+ and redox reporters, provide a list of the available models and summarize the strategies of their generation and utilization. We also describe a novel Calcium DoubleSpy mouse model that conditionally expresses both RCaMP in the cytoplasm and GEM-GECO1 in the mitochondrial matrix, allowing the study of mitochondrial Ca2+ related physiology and pathogenesis simultaneously in two distinct intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Márta
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - David Booth
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Lai HT, Canoy RJ, Campanella M, Vassetzky Y, Brenner C. Ca2+ Transportome and the Interorganelle Communication in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050815. [PMID: 35269437 PMCID: PMC8909868 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer with a poor prognosis for survival given the complications it bears on the patient. Though damages to the liver are acknowledged prodromic factors, the precise molecular aetiology remains ill-defined. However, many genes coding for proteins involved in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis emerge as either mutated or deregulated. Ca2+ is a versatile signalling messenger that regulates functions that prime and drive oncogenesis, favouring metabolic reprogramming and gene expression. Ca2+ is present in cell compartments, between which it is trafficked through a network of transporters and exchangers, known as the Ca2+ transportome. The latter regulates and controls Ca2+ dynamics and tonicity. In HCC, the deregulation of the Ca2+ transportome contributes to tumorigenesis, the formation of metastasizing cells, and evasion of cell death. In this review, we reflect on these aspects by summarizing the current knowledge of the Ca2+ transportome and overviewing its composition in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Toan Lai
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
| | - Reynand Jay Canoy
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London WC1 0TU, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
| | - Catherine Brenner
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Ali M, Zhang X, LaCanna R, Tomar D, Elrod JW, Tian Y. MICU1-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake regulates lung alveolar type 2 cell plasticity and lung regeneration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154447. [PMID: 35050901 PMCID: PMC8876408 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells are progenitors for alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. Although many factors regulate AT2 cell plasticity, the role of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake in controlling AT2 cells remains unclear. We previously identified that the miR-302 family supports lung epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and less differentiated phenotypes during development. Here, we report that a sustained elevation of miR-302 in adult AT2 cells decreases AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during the Streptococcus pneumoniae–induced lung injury repair. We identified that miR-302 targets and represses the expression of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1), which regulates mCa2+ uptake through the mCa2+ uniporter channel by acting as a gatekeeper at low cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Our results reveal a marked increase in MICU1 protein expression and decreased mCa2+ uptake during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation in the adult lung. Deletion of Micu1 in AT2 cells reduces AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during steady-state tissue maintenance and alveolar epithelial regeneration after bacterial pneumonia. These studies indicate that mCa2+ uptake is extensively modulated during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation and that MICU1-dependent mCa2+ uniporter channel gating is a prominent mechanism modulating AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
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Gottschalk B, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Graier WF. Cristae junction as a fundamental switchboard for mitochondrial ion signaling and bioenergetics. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102517. [PMID: 34915234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OPA1 and MICU1 are both involved in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the stabilization of the cristae junction, which separates the inner mitochondrial membrane into the interboundary membrane and the cristae membrane. In this mini-review, we focus on the synergetic control of OPA1 and MICU1 on the cristae junction that serves as a fundamental regulator of multiple mitochondrial functions. In particular, we point to the critical role of an adaptive cristae junction permeability in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling, spatial H+ gradients and mitochondrial membrane potential, metabolic activity, and apoptosis. These characteristics bear on a distinct localization of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery, the FoF1-ATPase, and mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter (MCU) within sections of the inner mitochondrial membrane isolated by the cristae junction and regulated by proteins like OPA1 and MICU1. We specifically focus on the impact of MICU1-regulated cristae junction on the activity and distribution of MCU within the complex ultrastructure of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria; BioTechMed, Graz.
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Wegener JW, Wagdi A, Wagner E, Katschinski DM, Hasenfuss G, Bruegmann T, Lehnart SE. The RyR2-R2474S Mutation Sensitizes Cardiomyocytes and Hearts to Catecholaminergic Stress-Induced Oxidation of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Pool. Front Physiol 2021; 12:777770. [PMID: 34955889 PMCID: PMC8696262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.777770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) characteristically cause catecholaminergic arrhythmias. Reminiscent of the phenotype in patients, RyR2-R2474S knockin mice develop exercise-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In cardiomyocytes, increased mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ uptake was recently linked to non-linearly enhanced ATP synthesis with important implications for cardiac redox metabolism. We hypothesize that catecholaminergic stimulation and contractile activity amplify mitochondrial oxidation pathologically in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes. To investigate this question, we generated double transgenic RyR2-R2474S mice expressing a mitochondria-restricted fluorescent biosensor to monitor the glutathione redox potential (EGSH). Electrical field pacing-evoked RyR2-WT and RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocyte contractions resulted in a small but significant baseline EGSH increase. Importantly, β-adrenergic stimulation resulted in excessive EGSH oxidization of the mitochondrial matrix in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes compared to baseline and RyR2-WT control. Physiologically β-adrenergic stimulation significantly increased mitochondrial EGSH further in intact beating RyR2-R2474S but not in RyR2-WT control Langendorff perfused hearts. Finally, this catecholaminergic EGSH increase was significantly attenuated following treatment with the RyR2 channel blocker dantrolene. Together, catecholaminergic stimulation and increased diastolic Ca2+ leak induce a strong, but dantrolene-inhibited mitochondrial EGSH oxidization in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg W Wegener
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Wagdi
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Wagner
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Chen CC, Hsu LW, Chen KD, Chiu KW, Chen CL, Huang KT. Emerging Roles of Calcium Signaling in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010256. [PMID: 35008682 PMCID: PMC8745268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in energy metabolism. Dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism is a major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disorder closely linked to obesity and insulin resistance. NAFLD is rapidly emerging as a global health problem with currently no approved therapy. While early stages of NAFLD are often considered benign, the disease can progress to an advanced stage that involves chronic inflammation, with increased risk for developing end-stage disease including fibrosis and liver cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify potential pharmacological targets. Ca2+ is an essential signaling molecule involved in a myriad of cellular processes. Intracellular Ca2+ is intricately compartmentalized, and the Ca2+ flow is tightly controlled by a network of Ca2+ transport and buffering proteins. Impaired Ca2+ signaling is strongly associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic defects, all of which are etiological factors of NAFLD. In this review, we describe the recent advances that underscore the critical role of dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis in lipid metabolic abnormalities and discuss the feasibility of targeting Ca2+ signaling as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-W.H.); (K.-D.C.); (K.-W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8193)
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Mitochondrial calcium uniporter affects neutrophil bactericidal activity during Staphylococcus aureus infection. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0055121. [PMID: 34871043 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00551-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils simultaneously restrict Staphylococcus aureus dissemination and facilitate bactericidal activity during infection through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils that produce higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide undergo enhanced terminal NET formation (suicidal NETosis) in response to S. aureus; however, mechanisms regulating mitochondrial homeostasis upstream of neutrophil antibacterial processes are not fully resolved. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1)-deficient (MICU1-/-) neutrophils accumulate higher levels of calcium and iron within the mitochondria in a mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)-dependent manner. Corresponding with increased ion flux through the MCU, mitochondrial superoxide production is elevated, thereby increasing the propensity for MICU1-/- neutrophils to undergo suicidal NETosis rather than primary degranulation in response to S. aureus. Increased NET formation augments macrophage killing of bacterial pathogens. Similarly, MICU1-/- neutrophils alone are not more antibacterial towards S. aureus, but rather enhanced suicidal NETosis by MICU1-/- neutrophils facilitates increased bactericidal activity in the presence of macrophages. Similarly, mice with a deficiency in MICU1 restricted to cells expressing LysM exhibit lower bacterial burdens in the heart with increased survival during systemic S. aureus infection. Coinciding with the decrease in S. aureus burdens, MICU1-/- neutrophils in the heart produced higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide and undergo enhanced suicidal NETosis. These results demonstrate that ion flux by the MCU affects the antibacterial function of neutrophils during S. aureus infection.
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45
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Dong Z, Yao X. Insight of the role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:128-138. [PMID: 34856389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rapid rise in the prevalence of chronic metabolic disease, more and more clinicians and basic medical researchers focus their eyesight on insulin resistance (IR), an early and central event of metabolic diseases. The occurrence and development of IR are primarily caused by excessive energy intake and reduced energy consumption. Liver is the central organ that controls glucose homeostasis, playing a considerable role in systemic IR. Decreased capacity of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are being blamed as the direct reason for the development of IR. Mitochondrial Ca2+ plays a fundamental role in maintaining proper mitochondrial function and redox stability. The maintaining of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis requires the cooperation of ion channels in the inner and outer membrane of mitochondria, such as mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) and voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs). In addition, the crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosome and plasma membrane with mitochondria is also significant for mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, which is responsible for an efficient network of cellular Ca2+ signaling. Here, we review the recent progression in the research about the regulation factors for mitochondrial Ca2+ and how the dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic IR, providing a new perspective for further exploring the role of ion in the onset and development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchen Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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46
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Panda S, Chatterjee O, Roy L, Chatterjee S. Targeting Ca 2+ signaling: A new arsenal against cancer. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:923-934. [PMID: 34793973 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The drug resistance of cancer cells is a major concern in medical oncology, resulting in the failure of chemotherapy. Ca2+ plays a pivotal role in inducing multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Calcium signaling is a critical regulator of many cancer hallmarks, such as angiogenesis, invasiveness, and migration. In this review, we describe the involvement of Ca2+ signaling and associated proteins in cancer progression and in the development of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. We also highlight the possibilities and challenges of targeting the Ca2+ channels, transporters, and pumps involved in Ca2+ signaling in cancer cells through structure-based drug design. This work will open a new therapeutic window to be used against cancer in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Panda
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Oishika Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Laboni Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India.
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47
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Hong S, Song JM. A 3D cell printing-fabricated HepG2 liver spheroid model for high-content in situ quantification of drug-induced liver toxicity. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5939-5950. [PMID: 34318795 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3D spheroid cultures are attractive candidates for application in in vitro drug-induced hepatotoxicity testing models to improve the reliability of biological information obtainable from a simple 2D culture model. Various 3D spheroid culture models exist for hepatotoxicity screening, but quantitative assays of spheroid response in situ are still challenging to achieve with the current 3D liver toxicity platforms. In this study, we developed a 3D printing-based HepG2 liver spheroid culture model for in situ quantitative evaluation and high-content monitoring of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. HepG2 liver spheroids grown in mini-fabricated hydrogel constructs using a 3D bioprinter were used to obtain the EC50 values and to measure the multi-parametric hepatotoxic effects, including mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), cytosolic calcium levels, and apoptosis. Interestingly, the average fluorescence intensities of apoptotic and cell death markers, calculated for out-of-focus and in-focus spheroids, increased proportionally as a function of the drug concentration, allowing for the determination of the EC50 values. In addition, 3D HepG2 spheroids were more resistant to nefazodone-induced MPT than 2D HepG2 cells, indicating that the gelatin/alginate hydrogel culture system provides enhanced resistance to hepatotoxic drugs. The drug response of HepG2 liver spheroids was also found to be unrelated to the spheroid size. These results demonstrate that the present 3D cell-printing-based embedded HepG2 liver spheroid platform is a promising approach for screening and characterizing drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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48
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Abdel-Rahman EA, Hosseiny S, Aaliya A, Adel M, Yasseen B, Al-Okda A, Radwan Y, Saber SH, Elkholy N, Elhanafy E, Walker EE, Zuniga-Hertz JP, Patel HH, Griffiths HR, Ali SS. Sleep/wake calcium dynamics, respiratory function, and ROS production in cardiac mitochondria. J Adv Res 2021; 31:35-47. [PMID: 34194831 PMCID: PMC8240107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Incidents of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac arrest vary with time of the day, but the mechanism for this effect is not clear. We hypothesized that diurnal changes in the ability of cardiac mitochondria to control calcium homeostasis dictate vulnerability to cardiovascular events. Objectives Here we investigate mitochondrial calcium dynamics, respiratory function, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mouse heart during different phases of wake versus sleep periods. Methods We assessed time-of-the-day dependence of calcium retention capacity of isolated heart mitochondria from young male C57BL6 mice. Rhythmicity of mitochondrial-dependent oxygen consumption, ROS production and transmembrane potential in homogenates were explored using the Oroboros O2k Station equipped with a fluorescence detection module. Changes in expression of essential clock and calcium dynamics genes/proteins were also determined at sleep versus wake time points. Results Our results demonstrate that cardiac mitochondria exhibit higher calcium retention capacity and higher rates of calcium uptake during sleep period. This was associated with higher expression of clock gene Bmal1, lower expression of per2, greater expression of MICU1 gene (mitochondrial calcium uptake 1), and lower expression of the mitochondrial transition pore regulator gene cyclophilin D. Protein levels of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), MICU2, and sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX) were also higher at sleep onset relative to wake period. While complex I and II-dependent oxygen utilization and transmembrane potential of cardiac mitochondria were lower during sleep, ROS production was increased presumably due to mitochondrial calcium sequestration. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that retaining mitochondrial calcium in the heart during sleep dissipates membrane potential, slows respiratory activities, and increases ROS levels, which may contribute to increased vulnerability to cardiac stress during sleep-wake transition. This pronounced daily oscillations in mitochondrial functions pertaining to stress vulnerability may at least in part explain diurnal prevalence of cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A. Abdel-Rahman
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Basic Research Department, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Salma Hosseiny
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Aaliya
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Adel
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma Yasseen
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Basic Research Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Al-Okda
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Radwan
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saber H. Saber
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada Elkholy
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eslam Elhanafy
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emily E. Walker
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Juan P. Zuniga-Hertz
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Sameh S. Ali
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Basic Research Department, Cairo, Egypt
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Pallafacchina G, Zanin S, Rizzuto R. From the Identification to the Dissection of the Physiological Role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter: An Ongoing Story. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060786. [PMID: 34071006 PMCID: PMC8224590 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of mitochondria being involved in the decoding and shaping of intracellular Ca2+ signals has been circulating since the end of the 19th century. Despite that, the molecular identity of the channel that mediates Ca2+ ion transport into mitochondria remained elusive for several years. Only in the last decade, the genes and pathways responsible for the mitochondrial uptake of Ca2+ began to be cloned and characterized. The gene coding for the pore-forming unit of the mitochondrial channel was discovered exactly 10 years ago, and its product was called mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter or MCU. Before that, only one of its regulators, the mitochondria Ca2+ uptake regulator 1, MICU1, has been described in 2010. However, in the following years, the scientific interest in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling regulation and physiological role has increased. This shortly led to the identification of many of its components, to the description of their 3D structure, and the characterization of the uniporter contribution to tissue physiology and pathology. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant achievements in the history of mitochondrial Ca2+ studies, presenting a chronological overview of the most relevant and landmarking discoveries. Finally, we will explore the impact of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in the context of muscle physiology, highlighting the recent advances in understanding the role of the MCU complex in the control of muscle trophism and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pallafacchina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-049-827-6029 (G.P.); +39-049-827-3001 (R.R.)
| | - Sofia Zanin
- Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-049-827-6029 (G.P.); +39-049-827-3001 (R.R.)
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50
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Gherardi G, De Mario A, Mammucari C. The mitochondrial calcium homeostasis orchestra plays its symphony: Skeletal muscle is the guest of honor. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:209-259. [PMID: 34253296 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are placed in close proximity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the main intracellular Ca2+ store. During muscle activity, excitation of sarcolemma and of T-tubule triggers the release of Ca2+ from the SR initiating myofiber contraction. The rise in cytosolic Ca2+ determines the opening of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the highly selective channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), causing a robust increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+-dependent activation of TCA cycle enzymes increases the synthesis of ATP required for SERCA activity. Thus, Ca2+ is transported back into the SR and cytosolic [Ca2+] returns to resting levels eventually leading to muscle relaxation. In recent years, thanks to the molecular identification of MCU complex components, the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle has been uncovered. In this chapter, we will introduce the reader to a general overview of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. We will tackle the key molecular players and the cellular and pathophysiological consequences of mitochondrial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. In the second part of the chapter, we will discuss novel findings on the physiological role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle. Finally, we will examine the involvement of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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