1
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Fan YJ, Dong JX, Liu T, Chang YQ, Zhao YS, Li YL, Zhang SM, Cao SY, Su M, Shen SG, Gao ZF. Heterometallic Eu/Zn-MOF-based ratiometric sensing platform: Highly sensitive fluorescence / second-order scattering identification of tetracycline analogs and its molecular informatization applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1319:342980. [PMID: 39122289 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The traditional preparation method of ratiometric probes faces challenges such as cumbersome preparation and low sensitivity. Thus, there is an urgent need to provide a simple method of preparing a highly sensitive ratiometric probe. Here, Eu3+-doped zinc-based organic framework (Eu/Zn-MOF) was prepared through hydrothermal method for the detection of tetracycline analogs (TCs). Under the same excitation conditions, the probe can simultaneously display valuable fluorescence and second-order scattering signals. The developed probe enabled specific identification and fast detection (1 min) of TCs, including tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and chlortetracycline. The linear detection ranges of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline and chlortetracycline were respectively 100 nM - 200 μM, 100 nM - 200 μM, 98 nM - 195 μM, and 97 nM - 291 μM, and the corresponding detection limits were respectively 15.79 nM, 20.83 nM, 15.31 nM, and 28.30 nM. The developed sensor was successfully applied to detect TCs in real samples, and the recovery rate was from 92.54 % to 109.69 % and the relative standard deviation was from 0.04 % to 2.97 %. Moreover, the heterometallic Eu/Zn-MOF was designed as a ratiometric neuron for Boolean logic computing and information encryption based on the specific identification of TCs. As a proof of concept, molecular steganography was successfully employed to encode, store, and conceal information by transforming the specific identification patterns of Eu/Zn-MOF into binary strings. This study is anticipated to advance the application of metal-organic frameworks in logic detection and information security, and bridging the gap between molecular sensors and the realm of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Jiang Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China.
| | - Tan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Yan Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Yong Sen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Yan Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Sai Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Song Yun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Shi Gang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China.
| | - Zhong Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
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2
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Magri DC. Lab-on-a-molecule and multi-analyte sensing. Front Chem 2024; 12:1393308. [PMID: 38698939 PMCID: PMC11063248 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1393308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of a lab-on-a-molecule, which was proposed just short of two decades ago, has captured the imagination of scientists. From originally being proposed as an AND logic gate driven by three chemical inputs as a direct way of detecting congregations of chemical species, the definition of what constitutes a lab-on-a-molecule has broadened over the years. In this review, molecules that can detect multiple analytes by fluorescence, among other techniques, are reviewed and discussed, in the context of molecular logic and multi-analyte sensing. The review highlights challenges and suggestions for moving the frontiers of research in this field to the next dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Magri
- Laboratory of Molecular Logic Gates, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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3
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Liu S, Liu X, Zhu X, Yin J, Bao J. Multiple-Channel Information Encryption Based on Quantum Dot Absorption Spectra. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21349-21359. [PMID: 37883096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Large-capacity information encryption has attracted significant interest in the information age. The diversity and controllability of spectra have positioned them to be widely applied for information encryption. Current spectra-based information encryption methods commonly rely on either spectral alteration induced by external stimuli or the utilization of narrowband channels within spectra. However, these methods encounter a common challenge in attaining both high security and large capacity simultaneously. To address these issues, we propose a multiple-channel information encryption system based on quantum dot (QD) absorption spectra. The diversity of QD absorption spectra and their broadband features ensure that the encrypted spectra can hardly be decrypted without knowing the correct channel matrix. Meanwhile, the large capacity is realized through the combination of multiple QD spectral channels with a theoretical maximum capacity of 24.0 bits in a single spectrum. In order to optimize the performance of our proposed system, the selection principle of the channel matrix is established to achieve the rapid identification of the optimal channel matrix in several milliseconds. The additivity of QD spectral channels and the consistency of QD spectra are also explored to minimize the impact of errors on information decryption. Furthermore, two spectral encryption scenarios of spatial pattern and spectral pattern are applied to demonstrate the feasibility, showcasing their ability to achieve both a high level of security and large capacity. Owing to the advantages offered by QD spectra, the QD spectra-based information system exhibits excellent potential for broader applications in information storage, authentication, and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyang Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueyu Zhu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, Iowa, United States
| | - Jinhua Yin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Georgiev NI, Bakov VV, Bojinov VB. A Tutorial Review on the Fluorescent Probes as a Molecular Logic Circuit-Digital Comparator. Molecules 2023; 28:6327. [PMID: 37687156 PMCID: PMC10489932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress in the field of fluorescent probes and fluorescent sensing material extended this research area toward more complex molecular logic gates capable of carrying out a variety of sensing functions simultaneously. These molecules are able to calculate a composite result in which the analysis is not performed by a man but by the molecular device itself. Since the first report by de Silva of AND molecular logic gate, all possible logic gates have been achieved at the molecular level, and currently, utilization of more complicated molecular logic circuits is a major task in this field. Comparison between two digits is the simplest logic operation, which could be realized with the simplest logic circuit. That is why the right understanding of the applied principles during the implementation of molecular digital comparators could play a critical role in obtaining logic circuits that are more complicated. Herein, all possible ways for the construction of comparators on the molecular level were discussed, and recent achievements connected with these devices were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I. Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ventsislav V. Bakov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vladimir B. Bojinov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Sofia, Bulgaria
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5
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Motiei L, Margulies D. Molecules that Generate Fingerprints: A New Class of Fluorescent Sensors for Chemical Biology, Medical Diagnosis, and Cryptography. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37335975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusFluorescent molecular sensors, often referred to as "turn-on" or "turn-off" fluorescent probes, are synthetic agents that change their fluorescence signal in response to analyte binding. Although these sensors have become powerful analytical tools in a wide range of research fields, they are generally limited to detecting only one or a few analytes. Pattern-generating fluorescent probes, which can generate unique identification (ID) fingerprints for different analytes, have recently emerged as a new class of luminescent sensors that can address this limitation. A unique characteristic of these probes, termed ID-probes, is that they integrate the qualities of conventional small-molecule-based fluorescent sensors and cross-reactive sensor arrays (often referred to as chemical, optical, or electronic noses/tongues). On the one hand, ID-probes can discriminate between various analytes and their combinations, akin to array-based analytical devices. On the other hand, their minute size enables them to analyze small-volume samples, track dynamic changes in a single solution, and operate in the microscopic world, which the macroscopic arrays cannot access.Here, we describe the principles underlying the ID-probe technology, as well as provide an overview of different ID-probes that have been developed to date and the ways they can be applied to a wide range of research fields. We describe, for example, ID-probes that can identify combinations of protein biomarkers in biofluids and in living cells, screen for several protein inhibitors simultaneously, analyze the content of Aβ aggregates, as well as ensure the quality of small-molecule and biological drugs. These examples highlight the relevance of this technology to medical diagnosis, bioassay development, cell and chemical biology, and pharmaceutical quality assurance, among others. ID-probes that can authorize users and protect secret data are also presented and the mechanisms that enable them to hide (steganography), encrypt (cryptography), and prevent access to (password protection) information are discussed.The versatility of this technology is further demonstrated by describing two types of probes: unimolecular ID-probes and self-assembled ID-probes. Probes from the first type can operate inside living cells, be recycled, and their initial patterns can be more easily obtained in a reproducible manner. The second type of probes can be readily modified and optimized, allowing one to prepare various different probes from a much wider range of fluorescent reporters and supramolecular recognition elements. Taken together, these developments indicate that the ID-probe sensing methodology is generally applicable, and that such probes can better characterize analyte mixtures or process chemically encoded information than can the conventional fluorescent molecular sensors. We therefore hope that this review will inspire the development of new types of pattern-generating probes, which would extend the fluorescence molecular toolbox currently used in the analytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Motiei
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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6
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Abstract
Featured with molecule-level data encryption, molecular keypad locks show attractive merits in information security. Most of the previous multiple-input locks use fluorescence as output but are impeded by inefficient/labile prequenching or highly synthetic complexity/difficulty of the fluorophore-containing processor molecules. We herein propose a facile three-input molecular keypad lock, which is simple in synthesis and label free but capable of in situ generation of a fluorescent moiety (dityrosine) for background-free fluorescence readout. A nonfluorescent ("Locked") tyrosine derivate zYpc was easily synthesized as the processor. The correct "password" (i.e., UV → ALP → TYR, ABC) stepwise converted zYpc to a dityrosine-containing product, exhibiting a bright blue fluorescence output ("Open"). In contrast, wrongly permutated inputs failed to open this lock. This device shows potential to be extended as a more advanced keypad lock with better security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tiantian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wenjun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
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7
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Mondal A, Mukhopadhyay S, Banerjee S, Ahmmed E, Hansda S, Chattopadhyay P. Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Rubbing-Induced Fluorescence Behavior of a Luminophore in the Solid State. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:373-379. [PMID: 36643439 PMCID: PMC9835653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is intricate to break and make chemical bonds in solid states compared to their solution states, so it is imperative to ascertain green proficient approaches by regulating the solid-state structures and their related material properties. Here, the rubbing-induced photoluminescence behavior of a luminophore (RIL) of the benzimidazole family in the solid state has been accomplished. Interestingly, upon gentle rubbing or mere scratching, solid-state fluorescence from the nonemissive pristine RIL was observed due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon in the solid state, for which the phenolic moiety is present in the molecule and is accountable. The structure-property relationship of RIL and the mechanism responsible for this solid-state fluorescence characteristics have been explained with the help of experimental (using the single-crystal structure, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, etc.) and theoretical (by DFT and TDDFT) studies. The crystal arrangements with different stacking interactions and the SEM images after being rubbed revealed that the mechanical force- or pressure-induced slight deformation in the crystal arrangement notably facilitated the strong emission in the solid state. This rubbing-induced solid-state fluorescence in a new luminophore (RIL) through stacking of layers restricting the molecular motion has been developed here for the first time, and it can be explicitly employed in steganography techniques for data security. This present study will open up a new insight into the use of this RIL as a solid-state smart material for data security in coding devices in the future, and this developed approach may be helpful to ameliorate the design of new-generation smart materials by modifying the structure to attain other characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
| | - Sujay Mukhopadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
| | - Snehasis Banerjee
- Government
College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Salt Lake Sector-III, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmmed
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
| | - Samaresh Hansda
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
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8
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Colorimetric/fluorometric optical chemosensors based on oxazolidine for highly selective detection of Fe3+ and Ag+ in aqueous media: Development of ionochromic security papers. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Qu G, Zhang X, Li S, Lu L, Gao J, Yu B, Wu S, Zhang Q, Hu Z. Liquid crystal random lasers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:48-63. [PMID: 36477742 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The enthusiasm for research on liquid crystal random lasers (LCRLs) is driven by their unusual optical properties and promising potential for broad applications in manufacturing, communications, medicine and entertainment. From this perspective, we will summarize the most attractive advances in the development of LCRLs in the last decade and propose future prospects. This article will begin with a fundamental description of LCRLs, including the principle of laser generation and a description of LC substances. Then, we spend several chapters on the lasing performance control methods of LCRLs, including random lasing wavelength, threshold, and polarization properties. In addition, we analyze how the LC chiral agent structures, LC core-shell structures and new light-amplifying materials affect the design of LCRL devices. In the last chapter, we discuss the application of LCRLs in 3D displays, information encryption, biochemical sensing and other optoelectronics devices and finally end the perspective with LCRLs' likely directions in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Benli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Si Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qijin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhijia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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10
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Dong Y, Ling Y, Wang D, Liu Y, Chen X, Zheng S, Wu X, Shen J, Feng S, Zhang J, Huang W. Harnessing molecular isomerization in polymer gels for sequential logic encryption and anticounterfeiting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd1980. [PMID: 36322650 PMCID: PMC9629717 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Using smart photochromic and luminescent tissues in camouflage/cloaking of natural creatures has inspired efforts to develop synthetic stimuli-responsive materials for data encryption and anticounterfeiting. Although many optical data-encryption materials have been reported, they generally require only one or a simple combination of few stimuli for decryptions and rarely offer output corruptibility that prevents trial-and-error attacks. Here, we report a series of multiresponsive donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) with unprecedented switching behavior and controlled reversibility via diamine conformational locking and substrate free-volume engineering and their capability of sequential logic encryption (SLE). Being analogous to the digital circuits, the output of DASA gel-based data-encryption system depends not only on the present input stimulus but also on the sequence of past inputs. Incorrect inputs/sequences generate substantial fake information and lead attackers to the point of no return. This work offers new design concepts for advanced data-encryption materials that operate via SLE, paving the path toward advanced encryptions beyond digital circuit approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiya Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Weiguo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.Z.)
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11
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Lu JY, Jiang Q, Lei JJ, He YX, Huang WT. Molecular ‘email’: Electrochemical aptasensing of fish pathogens, molecular information encoding, encryption and hiding applications. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Yao CY, Lin HY, Morgenfurt P, Keyes TE, de Silva AP. Multiple molecular logic gate arrays in one system of (2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazole)Ru(ii) complexes and trimeric cyclophanes in water. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10856-10867. [PMID: 36320709 PMCID: PMC9491216 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-switchable cyclophane hosts allow the controlled capture and release of reactive polypyridineRu(ii) complexes in water. This gives rise to a network of host-guest binding, acid-base reactions in ground and excited states, and chemical redox interconversions. In the case of (2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazole)Ru(ii) complexes, several molecular logic gate arrays of varying complexity emerge as a result. Cyclophane-induced 'off-on' switching of luminescence in neutral solution is found to originate from two features of these aromatic hosts: enhancement of radiative decay by the polarizable host and the suppression of nonradiative decay involving deprotonation by reducing the water content within the deep host cavity. These are examples of nanometric coordination chemistry/physics being controlled by inclusion in an open box. The aromatic units of the macrocycle are also responsible for the shape-switching mechanism of wall collapse/erection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Philip Morgenfurt
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - A Prasanna de Silva
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
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13
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Li JZ, Dong LM, Zheng LL, Fu WL, Zhang JJ, Zhang L, Hu Q, Chen P, Gao ZF, Xia F. Molecular Visual Sensing, Boolean Logic Computing, and Data Security Using a Droplet-Based Superwetting Paradigm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40447-40459. [PMID: 36006781 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by information processing and logic operations of life, many artificial biochemical systems have been designed for applications in molecular information processing. However, encoding the binary synergism between matter, energy, and information in a superwetting system remains challenging. Herein, a superwetting paradigm was proposed for multifunctional applications including molecular visual sensing and data security on a superhydrophobic surface. A Triton X-100-encapsulated gelatin (TeG) hydrogel was prepared and selectively decomposed by trypsin, releasing the surfactant to decrease the surface tension of a droplet. Integrating the droplet with the superhydrophobic surface, the superwetting behavior was utilized for visual detection and information encoding. Interestingly, the proposed TeG hydrogel can function as an artificial gelneuron for molecular-level logic computing, where the combination of matters (superhydrophobic surface, trypsin, and leupeptin) acts as inputs to interact with energy (liquid surface tension and solid surface energy) and information (binary character), resulting in superwettability transitions (droplet surface tension, contact angle, rolling angle, and bounce) as outputs. Impressively, the TeG gelneuron can be further developed as molecular-level double cryptographic steganography to encode, encrypt, and hide specific information (including the maze escape route and content of the classical literature) due to its programmability, stimuli responsive ability, and droplet concealment. This study will encourage the development of advanced molecular paradigms and their applications, such as superwetting visual sensing, molecular computing, interaction, and data security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ze Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ming Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Wen Long Fu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jing Zhang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Zhong Feng Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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14
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Dahlhauser S, Wight CD, Moor SR, Scanga RA, Ngo P, York JT, Vera MS, Blake KJ, Riddington IM, Reuther JF, Anslyn EV. Molecular Encryption and Steganography Using Mixtures of Simultaneously Sequenced, Sequence-Defined Oligourethanes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1125-1133. [PMID: 36032764 PMCID: PMC9413831 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encoding in abiotic sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) has recently emerged as a versatile platform for information and data storage. However, the storage capacity of these sequence-defined polymers remains underwhelming compared to that of the information storing biopolymer DNA. In an effort to increase their information storage capacity, herein we describe the synthesis and simultaneous sequencing of eight sequence-defined 10-mer oligourethanes. Importantly, we demonstrate the use of different isotope labels, such as halogen tags, as a tool to deconvolute the complex sequence information found within a heterogeneous mixture of at least 96 unique molecules, with as little as four micromoles of total material. In doing so, relatively high-capacity data storage was achieved: 256 bits in this example, the most information stored in a single sample of abiotic SDPs without the use of long strands. Within the sequence information, a 256-bit cipher key was stored and retrieved. The key was used to encrypt and decrypt a plain text document containing The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. To validate this platform as a medium of molecular steganography and cryptography, the cipher key was hidden in the ink of a personal letter, mailed to a third party, extracted, sequenced, and deciphered successfully in the first try, thereby revealing the encrypted document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
D. Dahlhauser
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher D. Wight
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sarah R. Moor
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Randall A. Scanga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Phuoc Ngo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jordan T. York
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marissa S. Vera
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kristin J. Blake
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ian M. Riddington
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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15
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Bohn P, Weisel MP, Wolfs J, Meier MAR. Molecular data storage with zero synthetic effort and simple read-out. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13878. [PMID: 35974033 PMCID: PMC9381582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound mixtures represent an alternative, additional approach to DNA and synthetic sequence-defined macromolecules in the field of non-conventional molecular data storage, which may be useful depending on the target application. Here, we report a fast and efficient method for information storage in molecular mixtures by the direct use of commercially available chemicals and thus, zero synthetic steps need to be performed. As a proof of principle, a binary coding language is used for encoding words in ASCII or black and white pixels of a bitmap. This way, we stored a 25 × 25-pixel QR code (625 bits) and a picture of the same size. Decoding of the written information is achieved via spectroscopic (1H NMR) or chromatographic (gas chromatography) analysis. In addition, for a faster and automated read-out of the data, we developed a decoding software, which also orders the data sets according to an internal "ordering" standard. Molecular keys or anticounterfeiting are possible areas of application for information-containing compound mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bohn
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian P Weisel
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonas Wolfs
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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16
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Liu QY, Bu ZQ, Quan MX, Wu Y, Ding X, Xia LQ, Lu JY, Huang WT. A molecular paradigm: “Plug-and-play” chemical sensing and crypto-steganography based on molecular recognition and selective response. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 209:114260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Hatai J, Altay Y, Sood A, Kiani A, Eleveld MJ, Motiei L, Margulies D, Otto S. An Optical Probe for Real-Time Monitoring of Self-Replicator Emergence and Distinguishing between Replicators. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3074-3082. [PMID: 35139307 PMCID: PMC8874894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-replicating systems play an important role in research on the synthesis and origin of life. Monitoring of these systems has mostly relied on techniques such as NMR or chromatography, which are limited in throughput and demanding when monitoring replication in real time. To circumvent these problems, we now developed a pattern-generating fluorescent molecular probe (an ID-probe) capable of discriminating replicators of different chemical composition and monitoring the process of replicator formation in real time, giving distinct signatures for starting materials, intermediates, and final products. Optical monitoring of replicators dramatically reduces the analysis time and sample quantities compared to most currently used methods and opens the door for future high-throughput experimentation in protocell environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev Hatai
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yigit Altay
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ankush Sood
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Armin Kiani
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J. Eleveld
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Motiei
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Margulies
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Bu ZQ, Yao QF, Liu QY, Quan MX, Lu JY, Huang WT. Peptide-Based Sensing, Logic Computing, and Information Security on the Antimonene Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8311-8321. [PMID: 35112857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peptides have higher information density than DNA and equivalent molecular recognition ability and durability. However, there are currently no reports on the comprehensive use of peptides' recognition ability and structural diversity for sensing, logic computing, information coding, and protection. Herein, we, for the first time, demonstrate peptide-based sensing, logic computing, and information security on the antimonene platform. The molecular recognition capability and structural diversity (amino acid sequence) of peptides (Pb2+-binding peptide DHHTQQHD as a model) adsorbed on the antimonene universal fluorescence quenching platform were comprehensively utilized to sense targets (Pb2+) and give a response (fluorescence turn-on) and then to encode, encrypt, and hide information. Fluorescently labeled peptides used as the recognition probe and the information carrier were quenched and hidden by the large-plane two-dimensional material antimonene and specifically bound by Pb2+ as the stego key, resulting in fluorescence recovery. The above interaction and signal change can be considered as a peptide-based sensing and steganographic process to further implement quantitative detection of Pb2+, complex logic operation, information coding, encrypting, and hiding using a peptide sequence and the binary conversion of its selectivity. This research provides a basic paradigm for the construction of a molecular sensing and informatization platform and will inspire the development of biopolymer-based molecular information technology (processing, communication, control, security).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qi Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Feng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Min Xia Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yang Lu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
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19
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Meiser LC, Nguyen BH, Chen YJ, Nivala J, Strauss K, Ceze L, Grass RN. Synthetic DNA applications in information technology. Nat Commun 2022; 13:352. [PMID: 35039502 PMCID: PMC8763860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic DNA is a growing alternative to electronic-based technologies in fields such as data storage, product tagging, or signal processing. Its value lies in its characteristic attributes, namely Watson-Crick base pairing, array synthesis, sequencing, toehold displacement and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) capabilities. In this review, we provide an overview of the most prevalent applications of synthetic DNA that could shape the future of information technology. We emphasize the reasons why the biomolecule can be a valuable alternative for conventional electronic-based media, and give insights on where the DNA-analog technology stands with respect to its electronic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Meiser
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeff Nivala
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Luis Ceze
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Yao QF, Zhu QY, Bu ZQ, Liu QY, Quan MX, Huang WT. DNA nanosensing systems for tunable detection of metal ions and molecular crypto-steganography. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113645. [PMID: 34571483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various sensing platforms based on molecular or nanosystems are widely exploited through molecular diversity and specific recognition. However, it is extremely challenging to develop systems with tunable sensing ability and utilize the systems as information carriers/covers for communication and safety. Herein, DNA nanosensing systems based on cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets were constructed for tunable detection and valence distinction of metal ions, molecular crypto-steganography, and information coding. CoOOH nanosheets absorb fluorescence-labeled single-stranded DNA with different bases and lengths, resulting in fluorescence quenching. The binding priority of bases with CoOOH nanosheets was guanine (G) > cytosine (C) > adenine (A) ≈ thymine (T) and the short chain excelled long chain. Due to the differences in the interaction among CoOOH, DNA, metal ions and variability of DNA bases, various DNA-CoOOH nanosystems have significantly different selective response patterns (that is selectivity) to metal ions and tunable linear ranges to Fe3+, Hg2+, Cr3+. Interestingly, by utilizing their molecular diversity, recognition, selective patterns, DNA-CoOOH sensing systems can be served as doubly cryptographic and steganographic systems to implement information encoding, encryption, and hiding and to reversely improve the selectivity of metal ions. This study provides an idea and platform for adjustable detection and valence distinction of metal ions, and gives a set of "molecular programming languages" for designing intelligent programmable sensing and molecular information communication and safety systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Qiu Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Zhen Qi Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Qing Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Min Xia Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China.
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21
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Li J, Liu R, Lin H, Ye S, Ye M, Wang X, Zhu X. Tensor Network-Encrypted Physical Anti-counterfeiting Passport for Digital Twin Authentication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61536-61543. [PMID: 34865467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The trend of digitalization has produced rapidly increasing data interaction and authentication demand in today's internet of things ecosystem. To face the challenge, we demonstrated a micro-scale label by direct laser writing to perform as a passport between the physical and digital worlds. On this label, the user information is encrypted into three-dimensional geometric structures by a tensor network and then authenticated through the decryption system based on computer vision. A two-step printing methodology is applied to code the randomly distributed fluorescence from doped quantum dots, which achieved physical unclonable functions (PUFs) of the passport. The 105 bits/mm2 data storage density enables abundant encrypted information from physical worlds, for example, the biometric data of human users. This passport guarantees the strong correlation between the user's privacy data and the PUF-assisted codes, successfully overcoming the illegal transfer of authentication information. Due to its ultra-high security level and convenience, the printed passport has enormous potential in future digital twin authentication anytime anywhere, including personal identity, valuable certificates, and car networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagen Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Rulin Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Haoxiang Lin
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Shuqian Ye
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Min Ye
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xiaopu Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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22
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Leguizamon SC, Scott TF. Mimicking DNA Functions with Abiotic, Sequence-Defined Polymers. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2014519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Leguizamon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy F. Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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23
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Yao QF, Quan MX, Yang JH, Liu QY, Bu ZQ, Huang WT. Multifunctional Carbon Nanocomposites as Nanoneurons from Multimode and Multianalyte Sensing to Molecular Logic Computing, Steganography, and Cryptography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103983. [PMID: 34668311 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by information exchange and logic functions of life based on molecular recognition and interaction networks, ongoing efforts are directed toward development of molecular or nanosystems for multiplexed chem/biosensing and advanced information processing. However, because of their preparation shortcomings, poor functionality, and limited paradigms, it is still a big challenge to develop advanced nanomaterials-based systems and comprehensively realize neuron-like functions from multimode sensing to molecular information processing and safety. Herein, using fish scales derived carbon nanoparticles (FSCN) as a reducing agent and stabilizer, a simple one-step synthesis method of multifunctional silver-carbon nanocomposites (AgNPs-FSCN) is developed. The prepared AgNPs-FSCN own wide antibacterial and multisignal response abilities in five channels (including color, Tyndall, absorption and fluorescence intensities, and absorption wavelength) for quantitative colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of H2 O2 , ascorbic acid, and dopamine. Benefiting from its multicoding stimuli-responsive ability, molecular concealment, and programmability, AgNPs-FSCN can be abstracted as nanoneurons for implementing batch and parallel molecular logic computing, steganography, and cryptography. This research will promote the preparation of advanced multifunctional nanocomposites and the development of their multipurpose applications, including the multireadout-guided multianalyte intelligent sensing and sophisticated molecular computing, communication, and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Min Xia Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jin Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Qi Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
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24
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Bi S, Zhao W, Sun Y, Jiang C, Liu Y, He Z, Li Q, Song J. Dynamic photonic perovskite light-emitting diodes with post-treatment-enhanced crystallization as writable and wipeable inscribers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6659-6668. [PMID: 36132659 PMCID: PMC9418838 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Controllable photonic patterns have attracted great attention for various applications in displays, smart sensors, and communications. Conventional patterned light-emitting-diode (LED) systems require complicated design, complex procedure, and advanced equipment. Moreover, permanent properties of the fabricated patterns on LED restrict it from various important applications. Herein, we present an innovative writable and wipeable perovskite light-emitting-diode (WWPeLED) device, which tactfully utilizes the large variation of turn-on voltage originating from the external quantum efficiency (EQE) difference under controllable thermal treatment. The turn-on voltages with/without thermal-treatment devices exhibit a large gap of over 5 V, and the thermal-treatment electroluminescence intensity is more than 10 times higher than that of non-thermal-treatment devices. The new phenomena open up an effective way of controlling illumination with desired pattern designs. Additionally, the distinct handwriting fonts and habits as well as printing patterns with illumination WWPeLED are also realized. Furthermore, these written and printed features can be totally wiped out with an 11 V cleaning voltage, turning the devices as a regular fully bright PeLED. The stability and repeatability tests prove the robustness of WWPeLED in both mechanical and electroluminescence performance after a long period of operations. The innovative WWPeLED devices may find prospective applications in various optoelectronic devices and flexible integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Bi
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Chengming Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park MA 20742 USA
| | - Zhengran He
- Center for Materials for Information Technology, The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Qikun Li
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jinhui Song
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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25
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Erlich AD, Dogantzis NP, Nubani LA, Trifoi LA, Hodgson GK, Impellizzeri S. Design and engineering of a dual-mode absorption/emission molecular switch for all-optical encryption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25152-25161. [PMID: 34730144 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions that produce a detectable change in the spectroscopic properties of organic chromophores can be exploited to harness the principles of Boolean algebra and design molecule-based logic circuits. Moreover, the logic processing capabilities of these photoactive molecules can be directed to protect, encode, and conceal information at the molecular level. We have designed a photochemical strategy to read, write and encrypt data in the form of optical signals. We have synthesized a supramolecular system based on the known dye resazurin, and investigated a series of photochemical transformations that can be used to regulate its absorption and emission properties upon illumination with ultraviolet or visible light. We have then examined the logic behaviour of the photochemistry involved, and illustrated its potential application in data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Erlich
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Nicholas P Dogantzis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Lara Al Nubani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Lavinia A Trifoi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Gregory K Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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26
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Bennet D, Vo‐Dinh T, Zenhausern F. Current and emerging opportunities in biological medium‐based computing and digital data storage. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Devasier Bennet
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine College of Medicine Phoenix The University of Arizona Phoenix USA
| | - Tuan Vo‐Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemistry Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine College of Medicine Phoenix The University of Arizona Phoenix USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine Phoenix The University of Arizona Phoenix Arizona USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; and BIO5 Institute College of Engineering The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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27
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Duan Q, Lee J, Chen J, Feng Y, Luo R, Wang C, Bi S, Liu F, Wang W, Huang Y, Xu Z. Image learning to accurately identify complex mixture components. Analyst 2021; 146:5942-5950. [PMID: 34570841 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01288f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study of complex mixtures is very important for exploring the evolution of natural phenomena, but the complexity of the mixtures greatly increases the difficulty of material information extraction. Image perception-based machine-learning techniques have the ability to cope with this problem in a data-driven way. Herein, we report a 2D-spectral imaging method to collect matter information from mixture components, and the obtained feature images can be easily provided to deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for establishing a spectral network. The results demonstrated that a single CNN trained end-to-end from the proposed images can directly accomplish synchronous measurement of multi-component samples using only raw pixels as inputs. Our strategy has some innate advantages, such as fast data acquisition, low cost, and simple chemical treatment, suggesting that it can be extensively applied in many fields, including environmental science, biology, medicine, and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Duan
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an710127, China
| | - Jianchao Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Jiayuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yunjin Feng
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Run Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Can Wang
- Big Data and Urban Spatial Analytics Laboratory, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sifan Bi
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Fenli Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yicai Huang
- Department of Environmental Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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28
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Kennedy E, Geiser J, Arcadia CE, Weber PM, Rose C, Rubenstein BM, Rosenstein JK. Secret messaging with endogenous chemistry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13960. [PMID: 34230521 PMCID: PMC8260626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Data encoded in molecules offers opportunities for secret messaging and extreme information density. Here, we explore how the same chemical and physical dimensions used to encode molecular information can expose molecular messages to detection and manipulation. To address these vulnerabilities, we write data using an object's pre-existing surface chemistry in ways that are indistinguishable from the original substrate. While it is simple to embed chemical information onto common objects (covers) using routine steganographic permutation, chemically embedded covers are found to be resistant to detection by sophisticated analytical tools. Using Turbo codes for efficient digital error correction, we demonstrate recovery of secret keys hidden in the pre-existing chemistry of American one dollar bills. These demonstrations highlight ways to improve security in other molecular domains, and show how the chemical fingerprints of common objects can be harnessed for data storage and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph Geiser
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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29
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A multicolor and ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for metal ions based on arene-metal-ion contact. Commun Chem 2021; 4:104. [PMID: 36697807 PMCID: PMC9814090 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous and active development of fluorescent metal-ion probes, their molecular design for ratiometric detection is restricted by the limited choice of available sensing mechanisms. Here we present a multicolor and ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for metal ions based on the interaction between the metal ion and the aromatic ring of a fluorophore (arene-metal-ion, AM, coordination). Our molecular design provided the probes possessing a 1,9-bis(2'-pyridyl)-2,5,8-triazanonane as a flexible metal ion binding unit attached to a tricyclic fluorophore. This architecture allows to sense various metal ions, such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II) with emission red-shifts. We showed that this probe design is applicable to a series of tricyclic fluorophores, which allow ratiometric detection of the metal ions from the blue to the near-infrared wavelengths. X-ray crystallography and theoretical calculations indicate that the coordinated metal ion has van der Waals contact with the fluorophore, perturbing the dye's electronic structure and ring conformation to induce the emission red-shift. A set of the probes was useful for the differential sensing of eight metal ions in a one-pot single titration via principal component analysis. We also demonstrate that a xanthene fluorophore is applicable to the ratiometric imaging of metal ions under live-cell conditions.
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30
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Peerzade SAMA, Makarova N, Sokolov I. Ultrabright Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for Dual pH and Temperature Measurements. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1524. [PMID: 34207605 PMCID: PMC8228773 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mesoporous nature of silica nanoparticles provides a novel platform for the development of ultrabright fluorescent particles, which have organic molecular fluorescent dyes physically encapsulated inside the silica pores. The close proximity of the dye molecules, which is possible without fluorescence quenching, gives an advantage of building sensors using FRET coupling between the encapsulated dye molecules. Here we present the use of this approach to demonstrate the assembly of ultrabright fluorescent ratiometric sensors capable of simultaneous acidity (pH) and temperature measurements. FRET pairs of the temperature-responsive, pH-sensitive and reference dyes are physically encapsulated inside the silica matrix of ~50 nm particles. We demonstrate that the particles can be used to measure both the temperature in the biologically relevant range (20 to 50 °C) and pH within 4 to 7 range with the error (mean absolute deviation) of 0.54 °C and 0.09, respectively. Stability of the sensor is demonstrated. The sensitivity of the sensor ranges within 0.2-3% °C-1 for the measurements of temperature and 2-6% pH-1 for acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda Makarova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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31
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Goren E, Avram L, Bar-Shir A. Versatile non-luminescent color palette based on guest exchange dynamics in paramagnetic cavitands. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3072. [PMID: 34031377 PMCID: PMC8144181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicolor luminescent portrayal of complexed arrays is indispensable for many aspects of science and technology. Nevertheless, challenges such as inaccessible readouts from opaque objects, a limited visible-light spectrum and restricted spectral resolution call for alternative approaches for multicolor representation. Here, we present a strategy for spatial COlor Display by Exploiting Host-guest Dynamics (CODE-HD), comprising a paramagnetic cavitand library and various guests. First, a set of lanthanide-cradled α-cyclodextrins (Ln-CDs) is designed to induce pseudo-contact shifts in the 19F-NMR spectrum of Ln-CD-bound guest. Then, capitalizing on reversible host-guest binding dynamics and using magnetization-transfer 19F-MRI, pseudo-colored maps of complexed arrays are acquired and applied in molecular-steganography scenarios, showing CODE-HD’s ability to generate versatile outputs for information encoding. By exploiting the widely shifted resonances induced by Ln-CDs, the guest versatility and supramolecular systems' reversibility, CODE-HD provides a switchable, polychromatic palette, as an advanced strategy for light-free, multicolor-mapping. Host-guest supramolecular chemistry can be used as a tool to develop multicolor displays. Here, the authors present a system based on lanthanide-cradled cyclodextrins that allows to construct MRI-readable and erasable artificial non-luminescent color palettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Goren
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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32
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Zholdassov YS, Valles DJ, Uddin S, Korpanty J, Gianneschi NC, Braunschweig AB. Orthogonal Images Concealed Within a Responsive 6-Dimensional Hypersurface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100803. [PMID: 33876463 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A photochemical printer, equipped with a digital micromirror device (DMD), leads to the rapid elucidation of the kinetics of the surface-initiated atom-transfer radical photopolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomers. This effort reveals conditions where polymer brushes of identical heights can be grown from each monomer. With these data, hidden images are created that appear upon heating the substrate above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of polyNIPAM. By introducing a third monomer, methacryloxyethyl thiocarbamoyl rhodamine B, a second, orthogonal image appears upon UV-irradiation. With these studies, it is shown how a new photochemical printer accelerates discovery, creates arbitrary patterns, and addresses long-standing problems in brush polymer and surface chemistry. With this technology in hand a new method is demonstrated to encrypt data within hypersurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerzhan S Zholdassov
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of the New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Daniel J Valles
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of the New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Samiha Uddin
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of the New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joanna Korpanty
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of the New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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33
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Panja S, Adams DJ. Stimuli responsive dynamic transformations in supramolecular gels. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5165-5200. [PMID: 33646219 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels are formed by the self-assembly of small molecules under the influence of various non-covalent interactions. As the interactions are individually weak and reversible, it is possible to perturb the gels easily, which in turn enables fine tuning of their properties. Synthetic supramolecular gels are kinetically trapped and usually do not show time variable changes in material properties after formation. However, such materials potentially become switchable when exposed to external stimuli like temperature, pH, light, enzyme, redox, and chemical analytes resulting in reconfiguration of gel matrix into a different type of network. Such transformations allow gel-to-gel transitions while the changes in the molecular aggregation result in alteration of physical and chemical properties of the gel with time. Here, we discuss various methods that have been used to achieve gel-to-gel transitions by modifying a pre-formed gel material through external perturbation. We also describe methods that allow time-dependent autonomous switching of gels into different networks enabling synthesis of next generation functional materials. Dynamic modification of gels allows construction of an array of supramolecular gels with various properties from a single material which eventually extend the limit of applications of the gels. In some cases, gel-to-gel transitions lead to materials that cannot be accessed directly. Finally, we point out the necessity and possibility of further exploration of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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34
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Dahlhauser SD, Moor SR, Vera MS, York JT, Ngo P, Boley AJ, Coronado JN, Simpson ZB, Anslyn EV. Efficient molecular encoding in multifunctional self-immolative urethanes. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2021; 2:100393. [PMID: 34755143 PMCID: PMC8573738 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encoding in sequence-defined polymers shows promise as a new paradigm for data storage. Here, we report what is, to our knowledge, the first use of self-immolative oligourethanes for storing and reading encoded information. As a proof of principle, we describe how a text passage from Jane Austen's Mansfield Park was encoded in sequence-defined oligourethanes and reconstructed via self-immolative sequencing. We develop Mol.E-coder, a software tool that uses a Huffman encoding scheme to convert the character table to hexadecimal. The oligourethanes are then generated by a high-throughput parallel synthesis. Sequencing of the oligourethanes by self-immolation is done concurrently in a parallel fashion, and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) information decoded by our Mol.E-decoder software. The passage is capable of being reproduced wholly intact by a third-party, without any purifications or the use of tandem MS (MS/MS), despite multiple rounds of compression, encoding, and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah R. Moor
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Phuoc Ngo
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric V. Anslyn
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Lead contact
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35
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Jiang C, Zhang Y, Wang F, Liu H. Toward Smart Information Processing with Synthetic DNA Molecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100084. [PMID: 33864315 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA, a biological macromolecule, is a naturally evolved information material. From the structural point of view, an individual DNA strand can be considered as a chain of data with its bases working as single units. For decades, due to the high biochemical stability, large information storage capacity, and high recognition specificity, DNA has been recognized as an attractive material for information processing. Especially, the chemical synthesis strategies and DNA sequencing techniques have been rapidly developed recently, further enabling encoding information with synthetic DNA molecules. Herein, recent progresses are summarized on information processing based on synthetic DNA molecules from three aspects including information storage, computation, and encryption, and proposed the challenges and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Jiang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, School of Molecular Sciences, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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36
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Liu S, Liu X, Yuan J, Bao J. Multidimensional Information Encryption and Storage: When the Input Is Light. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:7897849. [PMID: 33623922 PMCID: PMC7877379 DOI: 10.34133/2021/7897849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The issue of information security is closely related to every aspect of daily life. For pursuing a higher level of security, much effort has been continuously invested in the development of information security technologies based on encryption and storage. Current approaches using single-dimension information can be easily cracked and imitated due to the lack of sufficient security. Multidimensional information encryption and storage are an effective way to increase the security level and can protect it from counterfeiting and illegal decryption. Since light has rich dimensions (wavelength, duration, phase, polarization, depth, and power) and synergy between different dimensions, light as the input is one of the promising candidates for improving the level of information security. In this review, based on six different dimensional features of the input light, we mainly summarize the implementation methods of multidimensional information encryption and storage including material preparation and response mechanisms. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of these information security systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyang Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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37
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Magri DC. Logical sensing with fluorescent molecular logic gates based on photoinduced electron transfer. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Ihde MH, Pridmore CF, Bonizzoni M. Pattern-Based Recognition Systems: Overcoming the Problem of Mixtures. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16213-16220. [PMID: 33259192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transformative potential of pattern-based sensing techniques is often hampered by their difficulty in dealing with mixtures of analytes, a drawback that severely limits the applications of this sensing approach (the "problem of mixtures"). We show here that this is not an intrinsic limitation of the pattern sensing method. Indeed, we developed general guidelines for the design of the sensing, signal detection, and data interpretation methods to avoid this constraint, which resulted in chemical fingerprinting systems capable of recognizing unknown mixtures of analytes in a single experiment, without separation or pre-treatment before data acquisition. In support of these design principles, we report their successful application to an important analytical problem, metal ion discrimination and quantitation, by constructing a sensor array that provided a linear colorimetric response over a wide range of analyte concentrations. The resulting data set was interpreted using common multivariate data processing algorithms to achieve quantitative identification and concentration determination for pure and mixture samples, with excellent predictive ability on unknowns. Separation and detection methods for analyte mixtures, normally envisioned as independent processes, were successfully integrated in a single system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ihde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Cara F Pridmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States.,Alabama Water Institute, P.O. Box 870206, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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39
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Kishore Prasad P, Lahav-Mankovski N, Motiei L, Margulies D. Encrypting messages with artificial bacterial receptors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2749-2756. [PMID: 33224301 PMCID: PMC7670116 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for encrypting messages using engineered bacteria and different fluorescently labeled synthetic receptors is described. We show that the binding of DNA-based artificial receptors to E. coli expressing His-tagged outer membrane protein C (His-OmpC) induces a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the dyes, which results in the generation of a unique fluorescence fingerprint. Because the bacteria continuously divide, the emission pattern generated by the modified bacteria dynamically changes, enabling the system to produce encryption keys that change with time. Thus, this development indicates the potential contribution of live-cell-based encryption systems to the emerging area of information protection at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naama Lahav-Mankovski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Leila Motiei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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40
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Fan J, Qi L, Han H, Ding L. Array-Based Discriminative Optical Biosensors for Identifying Multiple Proteins in Aqueous Solution and Biofluids. Front Chem 2020; 8:572234. [PMID: 33330361 PMCID: PMC7673422 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of proteins is an important issue both in medical research and in clinical practice as a large number of proteins are closely related to various diseases. Optical sensor arrays with recognition ability have been flourished to apply for distinguishing multiple chemically or structurally similar analytes and analyzing unknown or mixed samples. This review gives an overview of the recent development of array-based discriminative optical biosensors for recognizing proteins and their applications in real samples. Based on the number of sensor elements and the complexity of constructing array-based discriminative systems, these biosensors can be divided into three categories, which include multi-element-based sensor arrays, environment-sensitive sensor arrays and multi-wavelength-based single sensing systems. For each strategy, the construction of sensing platform and detection mechanism are particularly introduced. Meanwhile, the differences and connections between different strategies were discussed. An understanding of these aspects may help to facilitate the development of novel discriminative biosensors and expand their application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongfei Han
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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41
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Recent Advances in Noninvasive Biosensors for Forensics, Biometrics, and Cybersecurity. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20215974. [PMID: 33105602 PMCID: PMC7659947 DOI: 10.3390/s20215974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biosensors have been used in an increasing number of different fields and disciplines due to their wide applicability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Three large disciplines in which this has become relevant has been the forensic, biometric, and cybersecurity fields. The call for novel noninvasive biosensors for these three applications has been a focus of research in these fields. Recent advances in these three areas has relied on the use of biosensors based on primarily colorimetric assays based on bioaffinity interactions utilizing enzymatic assays. In forensics, the use of different bodily fluids for metabolite analysis provides an alternative to the use of DNA to avoid the backlog that is currently the main issue with DNA analysis by providing worthwhile information about the originator. In biometrics, the use of sweat-based systems for user authentication has been developed as a proof-of-concept design utilizing the levels of different metabolites found in sweat. Lastly, biosensor assays have been developed as a proof-of-concept for combination with cybersecurity, primarily cryptography, for the encryption and protection of data and messages.
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42
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Georgiev NI, Marinova NV, Bojinov VB. Design and synthesis of light-harvesting rotor based on 1,8-naphthalimide units. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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43
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Gao Z, Wang K, Yan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Smart responsive organic microlasers with multiple emission states for high-security optical encryption. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa162. [PMID: 34691572 PMCID: PMC8288339 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern high-security cryptography and optical communication call for covert bit sequences with high coding capacity and efficient authentication. Stimuli-responsive lasing emissions with easily distinguishable readout are promising in the coding field as a novel cryptographic primitive, while the application is frequently restricted by the limited number of emission states. Here, we report a strategy of achieving multiple competitive lasing signals in responsive organic microspheres where a donor–acceptor pair was introduced. The competitive lasing from the donor and acceptor was reversibly switched by modulating the competition between the radiative rate of the donor and the rate of energy transfer, and the generated multiple lasing signals enabled a quaternary coding for recognizable cryptographic implementation. Data encryption and extraction were demonstrated using a 4 × 4 microlaser array, showing vast prospects in avoiding the disclosure of security information. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of excited-state dynamics in organic composite materials, which may play a major role in high-security optical recording and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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44
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Nenashkina A, Koltsov S, Zaytseva E, Brunova A, Pantiukhin I, Skorb EV. Storage of Information Using Periodic Precipitation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7809-7814. [PMID: 32309690 PMCID: PMC7160830 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, transparent flexible thin polymer films with silver patterns have been created. The resulting structures made by the printing method represent a new alternative approach for recording, protecting, and transmitting information as well as for nonlinear gradient material formation. An alphabet for process automatization was created, and an automated system for recording and reading information was developed. To protect the information, we suggest the usage of a classic XOR function: the idea of scrambling is to demonstrate the simple and clear example of coding the ITMO University logo, and the code is provided. Additionally, the resulting samples are functional gradient materials with peaks of surface plasmon resonance. In the following, automated peak decoding by UV-vis spectroscopy allows an additional physicochemical method for structure decoding.
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Rosenstein JK, Rose C, Reda S, Weber PM, Kim E, Sello J, Geiser J, Kennedy E, Arcadia C, Dombroski A, Oakley K, Chen SL, Tann H, Rubenstein BM. Principles of Information Storage in Small-Molecule Mixtures. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2020; 19:378-384. [PMID: 32142450 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2020.2977304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular data systems have the potential to store information at dramatically higher density than existing electronic media. Some of the first experimental demonstrations of this idea have used DNA, but nature also uses a wide diversity of smaller non-polymeric molecules to preserve, process, and transmit information. In this paper, we present a general framework for quantifying chemical memory, which is not limited to polymers and extends to mixtures of molecules of all types. We show that the theoretical limit for molecular information is two orders of magnitude denser by mass than DNA, although this comes with different practical constraints on total capacity. We experimentally demonstrate kilobyte-scale information storage in mixtures of small synthetic molecules, and we consider some of the new perspectives that will be necessary to harness the information capacity available from the vast non-genomic chemical space.
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46
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Arcadia CE, Kennedy E, Geiser J, Dombroski A, Oakley K, Chen SL, Sprague L, Ozmen M, Sello J, Weber PM, Reda S, Rose C, Kim E, Rubenstein BM, Rosenstein JK. Multicomponent molecular memory. Nat Commun 2020; 11:691. [PMID: 32019933 PMCID: PMC7000828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions enable the synthesis of large molecular libraries from relatively few inputs. This scalability has led to the broad adoption of these reactions by the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we employ the four-component Ugi reaction to demonstrate that multicomponent reactions can provide a basis for large-scale molecular data storage. Using this combinatorial chemistry we encode more than 1.8 million bits of art historical images, including a Cubist drawing by Picasso. Digital data is written using robotically synthesized libraries of Ugi products, and the files are read back using mass spectrometry. We combine sparse mixture mapping with supervised learning to achieve bit error rates as low as 0.11% for single reads, without library purification. In addition to improved scaling of non-biological molecular data storage, these demonstrations offer an information-centric perspective on the high-throughput synthesis and screening of small-molecule libraries. Small non-polymeric molecules have tremendous structural diversity that can be used to represent information. Here the authors encode data in synthesized libraries of Ugi products.
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47
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Ha SYY, Ng DKP. Constructing a four-input molecular keypad lock with a multi-stimuli-responsive phthalocyanine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14601-14604. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06251k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel phthalocyanine has been designed and synthesised whose response towards different stimuli can be manipulated to enable it to function as a four-input molecular keypad lock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Y. Y. Ha
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
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Xu FF, Gong ZL, Zhong YW, Yao J, Zhao YS. Wavelength-Tunable Single-Mode Microlasers Based on Photoresponsive Pitch Modulation of Liquid Crystals for Information Encryption. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:6539431. [PMID: 33623907 PMCID: PMC7877376 DOI: 10.34133/2020/6539431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Information encryption and decryption have attracted particular attention; however, the applications are frequently restricted by limited coding capacity due to the indistinguishable broad photoluminescence band of conventional stimuli-responsive fluorescent materials. Here, we present a concept of confidential information encryption with photoresponsive liquid crystal (LC) lasing materials, which were used to fabricate ordered microlaser arrays through a microtemplate-assisted inkjet printing method. LC microlasers exhibit narrow-bandwidth single-mode emissions, and the wavelength of LC microlasers was reversibly modulated based on the optical isomerization of the chiral dopant in LCs. On this basis, we demonstrate phototunable information authentication on LC microlaser arrays using the wavelength of LC microlasers as primary codes. These results provide enlightenment for the implementation of microlaser-based cryptographic primitives for information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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49
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Qin M, Xu Y, Gao H, Han G, Cao R, Guo P, Feng W, Chen L. Tetraphenylethylene@Graphene Oxide with Switchable Fluorescence Triggered by Mixed Solvents for the Application of Repeated Information Encryption and Decryption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35255-35263. [PMID: 31474104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials present unique solid-state fluorescence. However, there remains a challenge in the switching of fluorescence quenching/emitting of AIE materials, limiting the application in information encryption. Herein, we report a composite of tetraphenylethylene@graphene oxide (TPE@GO) with switchable microstructure and fluorescence. We choose GO as a fluorescence quencher to control the fluorescence of TPE by controlling the aggregation structure. First, TPE coating with an average thickness of about 31 nm was deposited at the GO layer surface, which is the critical thickness at which the fluorescence can be largely quenched because of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. After spraying a mixed solvent (good and poor solvents of TPE) on TPE@GO, a blue fluorescence of TPE was emitted during the drying process. During the treatment of mixed solvents, the planar TPE coating was dissolved in THF first and then the TPE molecules aggregated into nanoparticles (an average diameter of 65 nm) in H2O during the volatilization of THF. We found that the fluorescence switching of the composite is closely related to the microstructural change of TPE between planar and granular structures, which can make the upper TPE molecules in and out of the effective quenching region of GO. This composite, along with the treatment method, was used as an invisible ink in repeated information encryption and decryption. Our work not only provides a simple strategy to switch the fluorescence of solid-state fluorescent materials but also demonstrates the potential for obtaining diverse material structures through compound solvent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Tianjin 300384 , China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Yuxiao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - H Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Guoying Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Peili Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Tianjin 300384 , China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
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50
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McGoldrick LK, Weiss EA, Halámek J. Symmetric-Key Encryption Based on Bioaffinity Interactions. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1655-1662. [PMID: 31287664 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The research presented here shows a bridge between biochemistry and cryptography. Enzyme-based assays were used in a new methodology linked to ciphers and cipher systems. Three separate enzyme assays, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (E.C. 3.1.3.1), lysozyme (E.C. 3.2.1.17), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (E.C. 1.11.1.7), were used to create a cipher key in order to encrypt a message. By choosing certain parameters for one's experiment that are performed in the same way as a person receiving the message, correct encryption and decryption keys would be produced, resulting in a correct encryption and decryption of a message. It is imperative that both parties perform the same experiment under the same conditions in order to correctly interpret the message. Bioaffinity-based assays, in particular enzymatic assays, provide a specific, yet flexible mechanism to use for the encryption of messages. Because of the nature of this process there are a multitude of sets of parameters that may be chosen, each of which would result in a different key being produced, heightening the security and the robustness of the method. This paper shows that by using this concept of forming encryption keys using a bioaffinity-based approach, one is able to properly encrypt and decrypt a message, which could be viable for other biochemically based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif K. McGoldrick
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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