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Huang M, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Mitochondrial stress-induced H4K12 hyperacetylation dysregulates transcription in Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1422362. [PMID: 39188570 PMCID: PMC11345260 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1422362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modification has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by the irreversible loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. However, the mechanistic landscape of histone acetylation (ac) in PD has yet to be fully explored. Herein, we mapped the proteomic acetylation profiling changes at core histones H4 and thus identified H4K12ac as a key epigenomic mark in dopaminergic neuronal cells as well as in MitoPark animal model of PD. Notably, the significantly elevated H4K12ac deposition in post-mortem PD brains highlights its clinical relevance to human PD. Increased histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and decreased histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and HDAC4 were found in experimental PD cell models, suggesting the HAT/HDAC imbalance associated with mitochondrial stress. Following our delineation of the proteasome dysfunction that possibly contributes to H4K12ac deposition, we characterized the altered transcriptional profile and disease-associated pathways in the MitoPark mouse model of PD. Our study uncovers the axis of mitochondrial impairment-H4K12ac deposition-altered transcription/disease pathways as a neuroepigenetic mechanism underlying PD pathogenesis. These findings provide mechanistic information for the development of potential pharmacoepigenomic translational strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Bellini G, Rettura F, Palermo G, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Pierucci C, Fontanelli L, Frosini D, Nardini V, Lambiase C, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C, Ceravolo R. Prokineticin-2 Is Highly Expressed in Colonic Mucosa of Early Parkinson's Disease Patients. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 39051733 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of prokineticin-2 (PK2), regarded as a protein involved in modulating immune/inflammatory responses, have been detected in the substantia nigra, serum, and olfactory neurons of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Of note, emerging evidence suggests that gut alterations, including dysbiosis and enteric inflammation, play a role in PD via the gut-brain axis. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate the expression of PK2 in colonic biopsies of PD patients. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from the descending colon were obtained in 11 PD patients and five asymptomatic subjects. Biopsy samples were processed for PK2 immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS We revealed an increased PK2 expression in colonic mucosa from PD patients in the early stages compared to controls. In addition, we found that PK2 was expressed by activated enteric glial cells and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS PK2 is highly expressed within neurogenic/inflammatory cells of colonic mucosa from early PD patients, suggesting a potential role of PK2 in gut inflammation, especially in the early stages of PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurology, the Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clarissa Pierucci
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fontanelli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Frosini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nardini
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Lambiase
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Arab HH, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, Gad AM, Elhemiely AA, Gadelmawla MHA, Mahmoud MA, Khames A. Targeting JAK2/STAT3, NLRP3/Caspase-1, and PK2/PKR2 Pathways with Arbutin Ameliorates Lead Acetate-Induced Testicular Injury in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:909. [PMID: 39065759 PMCID: PMC11279748 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The reproductive system of males is adversely impacted by lead (Pb), a toxic heavy metal. The present study examined arbutin, a promising hydroquinone glycoside, for its potential ameliorative impact against Pb-induced testicular impairment in rats. The testicular injury was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of Pb acetate (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 consecutive days. Thirty-six rats were divided into six experimental groups (n = 6 per group): control, control treated with oral arbutin (250 mg/kg), control treated with intraperitoneal arbutin (75 mg/kg), untreated Pb, Pb treated with oral arbutin, and Pb treated with intraperitoneal arbutin. The treatments were administered daily for 10 days. Arbutin was administered by the oral and intraperitoneal routes to compare the efficacy of both routes in mitigating Pb acetate-induced testicular dysfunction. The current data revealed that both oral and intraperitoneal administration of arbutin significantly enhanced serum testosterone and sperm count/motility, indicating the amelioration of testicular dysfunction. In tandem, both routes lowered testicular histopathological aberrations and Johnsen's damage scores. These favorable outcomes were driven by dampening testicular oxidative stress, evidenced by lowered lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione and catalase antioxidants. Moreover, arbutin lowered testicular p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 levels, confirming the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pro-inflammatory pathway. In tandem, arbutin suppressed the testicular NLRP3/caspase-1/NF-B axis and augmented the cytoprotective PK2/PKR2 pathway. Notably, intraperitoneal arbutin at a lower dose prompted a more pronounced mitigation of Pb-induced testicular dysfunction compared to oral administration. In conclusion, arbutin ameliorates Pb-evoked testicular damage by stimulating testicular antioxidants and the PK2/PKR2 pathway and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 and NLRP3/caspase-1 pro-inflammatory pathways. Hence, arbutin may be used as an adjunct agent for mitigating Pb-induced testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Alzahraa A. Elhemiely
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. A. Gadelmawla
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
| | - Ali Khames
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
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Guo Q, Wang Y, Yu L, Guan L, Ji X, Li X, Pang G, Ren Z, Ye L, Cheng H. Nicotine restores olfactory function by activation of prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a axis in Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:350. [PMID: 38609979 PMCID: PMC11015622 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction occurs frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways of nicotine for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. METHODS MPTP was introduced into C57BL/6 male mice to generate a PD model. Regarding in vivo experiments, we performed behavioral tests to estimate the protective effects of nicotine in MPTP-induced PD mice. RNA sequencing and traditional molecular methods were used to identify molecules, pathways, and biological processes in the olfactory bulb of PD mouse models. Then, in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate whether nicotine can activate the prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway in both HEK293T cell lines and primary olfactory neurons treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Next, prok2R overexpression (prok2R+) and knockdown (prok2R-) were introduced with lentivirus, and the Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway was further explored. Finally, the damaging effects of MPP+ were evaluated in prok2R overexpression (prok2R+) HEK293T cell lines. RESULTS Nicotine intervention significantly alleviated olfactory and motor dysfunctions in mice with PD. The prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway was activated after nicotine treatment. Consequently, apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons was significantly reduced. Furthermore, prok2R+ and prok2R- HEK293T cell lines exhibited upregulation and downregulation of the Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway, respectively. Additionally, prok2R+ HEK293T cells were resistant to MPP+-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of nicotine in improving hyposmia in PD mice. These improvements were correlated with reduced apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons via activated prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a axis. These results explained the potential protective functions of nicotine in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Liangchen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Liao Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gang Pang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhenhua Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Guo Y, Zhao J, Li J, Pan X, Li Z. Bavachin ameliorates neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice through the inhibition of PKCδ. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:52-64. [PMID: 38215890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression and diabetes are closely linked; however, the pathogenesis of depression associated with diabetes is unclear, and there are no clinically effective antidepressant drugs for diabetic patients with depression. Bavachin is an important active ingredient in Fructus Psoraleae. In this study, we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects associated with diabetes and the molecular mechanisms of bavachin in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model. We found that bavachin clearly decreased streptozotocin (STZ)-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. It was further found that bavachin significantly inhibited microglia activation and the phosphorylation level of PKCδ and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of PKCδ with siRNA-PKCδ partially reversed the inhibitory effect of bavachin on the NF-κB pathway and the level of pro-inflammatory factors. We further found that PKCδ directly bound to bavachin based on molecular docking and pull-down assays. We also found that bavachin improved neuroinflammation-induced neuronal survival and functional impairment and that this effect may be related to activation of the ERK and Akt pathways mediated by the BDNF pathway. Taken together, these data suggested that bavachin, by targeting inhibition PKCδ to inhibit the NF-κB pathway, further reduced the inflammatory response and oxidative stress and subsequently improved diabetic neuronal survival and function and finally ameliorated diabetes-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. For the first time, we found that bavachin is a potential agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated neuroinflammation and depression and that PKCδ is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes-associated neuroinflammation, including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Lattanzi R, Casella I, Fullone MR, Maftei D, Vincenzi M, Miele R. MRAP2 Inhibits β-Arrestin-2 Recruitment to the Prokineticin Receptor 2. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1607-1620. [PMID: 38392222 PMCID: PMC10887741 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) is a membrane protein that binds multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in the control of energy homeostasis, including prokineticin receptors. These GPCRs are expressed both centrally and peripherally, and their endogenous ligands are prokineticin 1 (PK1) and prokineticin 2 (PK2). PKRs couple all G-protein subtypes, such as Gαq/11, Gαs, and Gαi, and recruit β-arrestins upon PK2 stimulation, although the interaction between PKR2 and β-arrestins does not trigger receptor internalisation. MRAP2 inhibits the anorexigenic effect of PK2 by binding PKR1 and PKR2. The aim of this work was to elucidate the role of MRAP2 in modulating PKR2-induced β-arrestin-2 recruitment and β-arrestin-mediated signalling. This study could allow the identification of new specific targets for potential new drugs useful for the treatment of the various pathologies correlated with prokineticin, in particular, obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Casella
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Fullone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Aslan C, Zolbanin NM, Faraji F, Jafari R. Exosomes for CRISPR-Cas9 Delivery: The Cutting Edge in Genome Editing. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00932-7. [PMID: 38012525 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Gene mutation correction was challenging until the discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas). CRISPR is a new era for genome modification, and this technology has bypassed the limitations of previous methods such as zinc-finger nuclease and transcription activator-like effector nuclease. Currently, this method is becoming the method of choice for gene-editing purposes, especially therapeutic gene editing in diseases such as cardiovascular, neurological, renal, genetic, optical, and stem cell, as well as blood disorders and muscular degeneration. However, finding the optimum delivery system capable of carrying this large complex persists as the main challenge of this technology. Therefore, it would be ideal if the delivery vehicle could direct the introduction of editing functions to specific cells in a multicellular organism. Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles with high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity; they offer the best and most reliable way to fill the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery gap. This review presents the current evidence on the molecular mechanisms and challenges of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome modification. Also, the role of CRISPR/Cas9 in the development of treatment and diagnosis of numerous disorders, from malignancies to viral infections, has been discussed. Lastly, the focus is on new advances in exosome-delivery technologies that may play a role in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Aslan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Floor 3, Building No. 3, Niyayesh St, Sattar Khan St, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran.
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St., Ershad Blvd., P.O. Box: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
- Department of Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Vincenzi M, Kremić A, Jouve A, Lattanzi R, Miele R, Benharouga M, Alfaidy N, Migrenne-Li S, Kanthasamy AG, Porcionatto M, Ferrara N, Tetko IV, Désaubry L, Nebigil CG. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Prokineticin Receptors in Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1167-1199. [PMID: 37684054 PMCID: PMC10595023 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The prokineticins (PKs) were discovered approximately 20 years ago as small peptides inducing gut contractility. Today, they are established as angiogenic, anorectic, and proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and neuropeptides involved in variety of physiologic and pathophysiological pathways. Their altered expression or mutations implicated in several diseases make them a potential biomarker. Their G-protein coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, have divergent roles that can be therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neural diseases as well as pain and cancer. This article reviews and summarizes our current knowledge of PK family functions from development of heart and brain to regulation of homeostasis in health and diseases. Finally, the review summarizes the established roles of the endogenous peptides, synthetic peptides and the selective ligands of PKR1 and PKR2, and nonpeptide orthostatic and allosteric modulator of the receptors in preclinical disease models. The present review emphasizes the ambiguous aspects and gaps in our knowledge of functions of PKR ligands and elucidates future perspectives for PK research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides an in-depth view of the prokineticin family and PK receptors that can be active without their endogenous ligand and exhibits "constitutive" activity in diseases. Their non- peptide ligands display promising effects in several preclinical disease models. PKs can be the diagnostic biomarker of several diseases. A thorough understanding of the role of prokineticin family and their receptor types in health and diseases is critical to develop novel therapeutic strategies with safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vincenzi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Amin Kremić
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Appoline Jouve
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Rossella Miele
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Stephanie Migrenne-Li
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Igor V Tetko
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Canan G Nebigil
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
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9
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Zhang ZY, Harischandra DS, Wang R, Ghaisas S, Zhao JY, McMonagle TP, Zhu G, Lacuarta KD, Song J, Trojanowski JQ, Xu H, Lee VMY, Yang X. TRIM11 protects against tauopathies and is down-regulated in Alzheimer's disease. Science 2023; 381:eadd6696. [PMID: 37499037 DOI: 10.1126/science.add6696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of tau into filamentous inclusions underlies Alzheimer's disease (AD) and numerous other neurodegenerative tauopathies. The pathogenesis of tauopathies remains unclear, which impedes the development of disease-modifying treatments. Here, by systematically analyzing human tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, we identified a few TRIMs that could potently inhibit tau aggregation. Among them, TRIM11 was markedly down-regulated in AD brains. TRIM11 promoted the proteasomal degradation of mutant tau as well as superfluous normal tau. It also enhanced tau solubility by acting as both a molecular chaperone to prevent tau misfolding and a disaggregase to dissolve preformed tau fibrils. TRIM11 maintained the connectivity and viability of neurons. Intracranial delivery of TRIM11 through adeno-associated viruses ameliorated pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments in multiple animal models of tauopathies. These results suggest that TRIM11 down-regulation contributes to the pathogenesis of tauopathies and that restoring TRIM11 expression may represent an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruifang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janet Y Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas P McMonagle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guixin Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenzo D Lacuarta
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Jiang Z, Zhang T, Han W, Xiao J, Zhang W, Wang X, Liu J, Yang Y, Yang C, Guan F, Li T, Rice JP. Identification of PROK2 gene polymorphisms as predictors of methamphetamine use disorder risk and indicators of craving scale in the Chinese Han population. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217382. [PMID: 37484015 PMCID: PMC10356980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) has become a global problem due to the highly addictive nature of methamphetamine. Earlier research have demonstrated that PROK2 functions as a compensatory and protective response against neurotoxic stress by stimulating astrocyte reactivity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the PROK2 gene and both MUD risk susceptibility and craving scale in the Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 5,282 participants (1,796 MUD patients and 3,486 controls) were recruited. Seven tag SNPs of the PROK2 gene were chosen and genotyped in the samples. Genetic association analyses were performed to capture the significant SNPs. To investigate the relationship between PROK2 levels and craving scores with the associated-SNP genotypes, we conducted a linear model. Results: SNP rs75433452 was significantly linked with MUD risk (p-value = 1.54 × 10-8), with the A allele being positively correlated with an increased risk of MUD. Moreover, the average serum level of PROK2 decreased when more copies of the A allele were presented in both MUD patients (p-value = 4.57 × 10-6) and controls (p-value = 1.13 × 10-5). Furthermore, the genotypes of SNP rs75433452 were strongly correlated with the craving scores in MUD patients (p-value = 4.05 × 10-4). Conclusion: Our study identified a significant association signal of the PROK2 gene with MUD risk susceptibility and methamphetamine craving scores in the Chinese Han population, providing potential valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of METH dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurology, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congying Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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11
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Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Prasad R, Khatri DK, Sun W, Singh SB, Gugulothu D, Srivastava S, Vora L. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:46. [PMID: 37194005 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, CRISPR Cas9 has been tried as a direct treatment approach to correct the causative gene mutation and establish animal models in neurodegenerative disorders. Since no strategy developed until now could completely cure Parkinson's disease (PD), neuroscientists aspire to use gene editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9, to induce a permanent correction in genetic PD patients expressing mutated genes. Over the years, our understanding of stem cell biology has improved. Scientists have developed personalized cell therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit embryonic and patient-derived stem cells ex-vivo. This review details the importance of CRISPR/Cas9-based stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease in developing PD disease models and developing therapeutic strategies after elucidating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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12
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Calafate S, Özturan G, Thrupp N, Vanderlinden J, Santa-Marinha L, Morais-Ribeiro R, Ruggiero A, Bozic I, Rusterholz T, Lorente-Echeverría B, Dias M, Chen WT, Fiers M, Lu A, Vlaeminck I, Creemers E, Craessaerts K, Vandenbempt J, van Boekholdt L, Poovathingal S, Davie K, Thal DR, Wierda K, Oliveira TG, Slutsky I, Adamantidis A, De Strooper B, de Wit J. Early alterations in the MCH system link aberrant neuronal activity and sleep disturbances in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01325-4. [PMID: 37188873 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with hippocampal hyperactivity and decreased sleep quality. Here we show that homeostatic mechanisms transiently counteract the increased excitatory drive to CA1 neurons in AppNL-G-F mice, but that this mechanism fails in older mice. Spatial transcriptomics analysis identifies Pmch as part of the adaptive response in AppNL-G-F mice. Pmch encodes melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), which is produced in sleep-active lateral hypothalamic neurons that project to CA1 and modulate memory. We show that MCH downregulates synaptic transmission, modulates firing rate homeostasis in hippocampal neurons and reverses the increased excitatory drive to CA1 neurons in AppNL-G-F mice. AppNL-G-F mice spend less time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. AppNL-G-F mice and individuals with AD show progressive changes in morphology of CA1-projecting MCH axons. Our findings identify the MCH system as vulnerable in early AD and suggest that impaired MCH-system function contributes to aberrant excitatory drive and sleep defects, which can compromise hippocampus-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calafate
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Gökhan Özturan
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicola Thrupp
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanderlinden
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luísa Santa-Marinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Morais-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ivan Bozic
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Lorente-Echeverría
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Dias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashley Lu
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Creemers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Craessaerts
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vandenbempt
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luuk van Boekholdt
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suresh Poovathingal
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristofer Davie
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, O&N IV, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
- UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI@UCL) at University College London, London, UK.
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Gao Y, Liao W, Zhang R, Lei Y, Chen T, Wu L, Li M, Liu X, Cai F. PK2/PKRs pathway is involved in the protective effect of artemisinin against trimethyltin chloride-induced hippocampal injury. Toxicology 2023; 486:153432. [PMID: 36696940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the important mechanisms of trimethyltin chloride (TMT) central neurotoxicity. Artemisinin (ARS) is a well-known antimalarial drug that also has significant anti-inflammatory effects. Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a small molecule secreted protein that is widely expressed in the nervous system and plays a key role in the development of neuroinflammation. However, it remains unclear whether ARS can ameliorate neuroinflammation caused by TMT and whether PK2/PKRs signaling pathway plays a part in it. In this research, male Balb/c mice were administered TMT (2.8 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of PK2, PKR1, and PKR2 proteins in the hippocampus. Network pharmacology was used to predict the intersection targets of ARS, central nervous system(CNS) injury and TMT. The neurobehavior of mice was evaluated by behavioral scores. Histopathological damage of the hippocampus was evaluated by HE, Nissl and Electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to identify the expression of synapse-related proteins (PSD95, SYN1, Synaptophysin), PK system-related proteins (PK2, PKR1, PKR2), and inflammation-related proteins (TNF-α, NF-κB p65). Immunohistochemistry showed that TMT resulted in elevated PK2 and PKR2 protein expression in the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in mice, while PKR1 protein was not significantly altered. Network pharmacology showed that PK2 could interact with the intersectional targets of ARS, CNS injury, and TMT. ARS remarkably attenuated TMT-induced seizures and hippocampal histological damage. Further studies demonstrated that ARS treatment attenuated TMT-induced hippocampal ultrastructural damage, possibly by increasing the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as upregulating the levels of synapse-associated proteins (PSD95, SYN1, Synaptophysin). Western blotting results revealed that ARS downregulated TMT-induced TNF-α and NF-κB p65 protein levels. In addition, ARS also decreased TMT-induced protein expression of PK2 and PKR2 in the mouse hippocampus, but had no significant effect on PKR1 protein expression. Our results suggested that ARS ameliorated TMT-induced abnormal neural behavior and hippocampal injury, which may be achieved by regulating PK2/PKRs inflammatory pathway and ameliorating synaptic injury. Therefore, we suggest that PK2/PKRs pathway may be involved in TMT neurotoxicity and ARS may be a promising drug that can relieve TMT neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China; School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Wenli Liao
- Basic Medical School, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yining Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Manqin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Fei Cai
- School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
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14
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Schirinzi T, Lattanzi R, Maftei D, Grillo P, Zenuni H, Boffa L, Albanese M, Simonetta C, Bovenzi R, Maurizi R, Loccisano L, Vincenzi M, Greco A, Di Girolamo S, Mercuri NB, Passali FM, Severini C. Substance P and Prokineticin-2 are overexpressed in olfactory neurons and play differential roles in persons with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:302-308. [PMID: 36549578 PMCID: PMC9760596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) is one of the most complaining and worrying complications of long COVID-19 because of the potential long-term neurological consequences. While causes of OD in the acute phases of the SARS-CoV-2 infection have been figured out, reasons for persistent OD are still unclear. Here we investigated the activity of two inflammatory pathways tightly linked with olfaction pathophysiology, namely Substance P (SP) and Prokineticin-2 (PK2), directly within the olfactory neurons (ONs) of patients to understand mechanisms of persistent post-COVID-19 OD. ONs were collected by non-invasive brushing from ten patients with persistent post-COVID-19 OD and ten healthy controls. Gene expression levels of SP, Neurokinin receptor 1, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), PK2, PK2 receptors type 1 and 2, and Prokineticin-2-long peptide were measured in ONs by Real Time-PCR in both the groups, and correlated with residual olfaction. Immunofluorescence staining was also performed to quantify SP and PK2 proteins. OD patients, compared to controls, exhibited increased levels of both SP and PK2 in ONs, the latter proportional to residual olfaction. This work provided unprecedented, preliminary evidence that both SP and PK2 pathways may have a role in persistent post-COVID-19 OD. Namely, if the sustained activation of SP, lasting months after infection's resolution, might foster chronic inflammation and contribute to hyposmia, the PK2 expression could instead support the smell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Grillo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Henri Zenuni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Boffa
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Albanese
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Simonetta
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bovenzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Maurizi
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Loccisano
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Girolamo
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Passali
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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15
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Huang M, Malovic E, Ealy A, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Microglial immune regulation by epigenetic reprogramming through histone H3K27 acetylation in neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1052925. [PMID: 37033967 PMCID: PMC10073546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1052925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming is the ability of innate immune cells to form memories of environmental stimuli (priming), allowing for heightened responses to secondary stressors. Herein, we explored microglial epigenetic marks using the known inflammagen LPS as a memory priming trigger and Parkinsonian-linked environmental neurotoxic stressor manganese (Mn) as the secondary environmental trigger. To mimic physiological responses, the memory priming trigger LPS treatment was removed by triple-washing to allow the cells' acute inflammatory response to reset back before applying the secondary insult. Our results show that after the secondary Mn insult, levels of key proinflammatory markers, including nitrite release, iNOS mRNA and protein expression, Il-6, Il-α and cytokines were exaggerated in LPS-primed microglia. Our paradigm implies primed microglia retain immune memory that can be reprogrammed to augment inflammatory response by secondary environmental stress. To ascertain the molecular underpinning of this neuroimmune memory, we further hypothesize that epigenetic reprogramming contributes to the retention of a heightened immune response. Interestingly, Mn-exposed, LPS-primed microglia showed enhanced deposition of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 along with H3K4me1. We further confirmed the results using a PD mouse model (MitoPark) and postmortem human PD brains, thereby adding clinical relevance to our findings. Co-treatment with the p300/H3K27ac inhibitor GNE-049 reduced p300 expression and H3K27ac deposition, decreased iNOS, and increased ARG1 and IRF4 levels. Lastly, since mitochondrial stress is a driver of environmentally linked Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, we examined the effects of GNE-049 on primary trigger-induced mitochondrial stress. GNE-049 reduced mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial circularity and stress, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, suggesting beneficial consequences of GNE-049 on mitochondrial function. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that proinflammatory primary triggers can shape microglial memory via the epigenetic mark H3K27ac and that inhibiting H3K27ac deposition can prevent primary trigger immune memory formation and attenuate subsequent secondary inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emir Malovic
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Alyssa Ealy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anumantha G. Kanthasamy,
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16
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Schirinzi T, Maftei D, Passali FM, Grillo P, Zenuni H, Mascioli D, Maurizi R, Loccisano L, Vincenzi M, Rinaldi AM, Ralli M, Di Girolamo S, Stefani A, Lattanzi R, Severini C, Mercuri NB. Olfactory Neuron Prokineticin-2 as a Potential Target in Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:196-204. [PMID: 36218142 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to outline the dynamics of prokineticin-2 pathway in relation to clinical-pathological features of Parkinson's disease by examining olfactory neurons of patients. METHODS Thirty-eight patients (26 de novo, newly diagnosed) and 31 sex/age-matched healthy controls underwent noninvasive mucosa brushing for olfactory neurons collection, and standard clinical assessment. Gene expression levels of prokineticin-2, prokineticin-2 receptors type 1 and 2, and prokineticin-2-long peptide were measured in olfactory neurons by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); moreover, the prokineticin-2 protein and α-synuclein species (total and oligomeric) were quantified by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Prokineticin-2 expression was significantly increased in Parkinson's disease. De novo patients had higher prokineticin-2 levels, directly correlated with Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III motor score. In addition, oligomeric α-synuclein was higher in Parkinson's disease and directly correlated with prokineticin-2 protein levels. Total α-synuclein did not differ between patients and controls. INTERPRETATION Prokineticin-2 is a chemokine showing neuroprotective effects in experimental models of Parkinson's disease, but translational proof of its role in patients is still lacking. Here, we used olfactory neurons as the ideal tissue to analyze molecular stages of neurodegeneration in vivo, providing unprecedented evidence that the prokineticin-2 pathway is activated in patients with Parkinson's disease. Specifically, prokineticin-2 expression in olfactory neurons was higher at early disease stages, proportional to motor severity, and associated with oligomeric α-synuclein accumulation. These data, consistently with preclinical findings, support prokineticin-2 as a candidate target in Parkinson's disease, and validate reliability of olfactory neurons to reflect pathological changes of the disease. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:196-204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer,", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco M Passali
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Grillo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Henri Zenuni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mascioli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Maurizi
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Loccisano
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer,", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Girolamo
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer,", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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17
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Ng W, Ng SY. Remodeling of astrocyte secretome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: uncovering novel targets to combat astrocyte-mediated toxicity. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:54. [PMID: 36567359 PMCID: PMC9791755 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset paralytic disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Motor neuron degeneration is typically caused by a combination of intrinsic neuronal (cell autonomous) defects as well as extrinsic (non-cell autonomous) factors such as astrocyte-mediated toxicity. Astrocytes are highly plastic cells that react to their microenvironment to mediate relevant responses. In neurodegeneration, astrocytes often turn reactive and in turn secrete a slew of factors to exert pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic effects. Various efforts have been carried out to characterize the diseased astrocyte secretome over the years, revealing that pro-inflammatory chemokines, cytokines and microRNAs are the main players in mediating neuronal death. As metabolomic technologies mature, these studies begin to shed light on neurotoxic metabolites such as secreted lipids. In this focused review, we will discuss changes in the astrocyte secretome during ALS. In particular, we will discuss the components of the reactive astrocyte secretome that contribute to neuronal death in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winanto Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
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18
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Lattanzi R, Miele R. Non-Peptide Agonists and Antagonists of the Prokineticin Receptors. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6323-6332. [PMID: 36547092 PMCID: PMC9776816 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prokineticin family comprises a group of secreted peptides that can be classified as chemokines based on their structural features and chemotactic and immunomodulatory functions. Prokineticins (PKs) bind with high affinity to two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2) are involved in a variety of physiological functions such as angiogenesis and neurogenesis, hematopoiesis, the control of hypothalamic hormone secretion, the regulation of circadian rhythm and the modulation of complex behaviors such as feeding and drinking. Dysregulation of the system leads to an inflammatory process that is the substrate for many pathological conditions such as cancer, pain, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The use of PKR's antagonists reduces PK2/PKRs upregulation triggered by various inflammatory processes, suggesting that a pharmacological blockade of PKRs may be a successful strategy to treat inflammatory/neuroinflammatory diseases, at least in rodents. Under certain circumstances, the PK system exhibits protective/neuroprotective effects, so PKR agonists have also been developed to modulate the prokineticin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Maftei D, Schirinzi T, Mercuri NB, Lattanzi R, Severini C. Potential Clinical Role of Prokineticin 2 (PK2) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2019-2023. [PMID: 35410604 PMCID: PMC9886845 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411084612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has become clear in recent decades, as evidenced by the presence of activated microglia and astrocytes and numerous soluble mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues of affected patients. Among inflammatory mediators, chemokines play a central role in neuroinflammation due to their dual function as chemoattractants for immune cells and molecular messengers in crosstalk among CNS-resident cells. The chemokine Bv8/Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently emerged as an important player in many age-related and chronic diseases that are either neurodegenerative or systemic. In this perspective paper, we briefly discuss the role that PK2 and its cognate receptors play in AD and PD animal models and in patients. Given the apparent changes in PK2 blood levels in both AD and PD patients, the potential clinical value of PK2 either as a disease biomarker or as a therapeutic target for these disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Italy,Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; Tel: +39-6-49976742; E-mail:
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20
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Tu Q, Yu X, Xie W, Luo Y, Tang H, Chen K, Ruan Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Yin Y, Chen D, Song Z. Prokineticin 2 promotes macrophages-mediated antibacterial host defense against bacterial pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:103-113. [PMID: 36241161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacterial pneumonia is a common serious infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently been identified as a novel immunomodulator in a variety of diseases; however, its role in bacterial pneumonia remains unclear. METHODS The levels of PK2 were measured and analyzed in patients with pneumonia and healthy controls. The effects of PK2 on the host response to pneumonia were evaluated by in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. RESULTS PK2 levels dramatically decreased in patients with pneumonia compared with healthy controls, and PK2 levels were lower in patients with severe pneumonia than in pneumonia. In a mouse model of bacterial pneumonia, transtracheal administration of recombinant PK2 significantly alleviated lung injury and improved the survival, which was associated with increased host's bacterial clearance capacity, as manifested by decreased pulmonary bacterial loads. PK2 enhanced the chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing ability of macrophages, whereas the protective efficacy of PK2 was abolished after macrophage depletion. CONCLUSION Impaired alveolar macrophage function caused by decreased PK2 is a new endogenous cause of the occurrence and development of bacterial pneumonia. The administration of recombinant PK2 may be a potential adjuvant therapy for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Second affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanting Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhixin Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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21
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Toledano-Díaz A, Álvarez MI, Toledano A. The relationships between neuroglial alterations and neuronal changes in Alzheimer's disease, and the related controversies I: Gliopathogenesis and glioprotection. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221128703. [PMID: 36238130 PMCID: PMC9551335 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221128703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Alois Alzheimer described the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in 1907, an increasing number of studies have attempted to discover its causes and possible ways to treat it. For decades, research has focused on neuronal degeneration and the disruption to the neural circuits that occurs during disease progression, undervaluing in some extent the alterations to glial cells even though these alterations were described in the very first studies of this disease. In recent years, it has been recognized that different families of neuroglia are not merely support cells for neurons but rather key and active elements in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Alterations to different types of neuroglia (especially astroglia and microglia but also mature oligodendroglia and oligodendroglial progenitors) have been identified in the initial neuropathological changes that lead to dementia, suggesting that they may represent therapeutic targets to prevent neurodegeneration. In this review, based on our own studies and on the relevant scientific literature, we argue that a careful and in-depth study of glial cells will be fundamental to understanding the origin and progression of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we analyze the main issues regarding the neuroprotective and neurotoxic role of neuroglial changes, reactions and/or involutions in both humans with Alzheimer's disease and in experimental models of this condition.
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22
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Huang M, Bargues-Carot A, Riaz Z, Wickham H, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10808. [PMID: 36142718 PMCID: PMC9505762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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23
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Bronge M, Högelin KA, Thomas OG, Ruhrmann S, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Nilsson OB, Kaiser A, Zeitelhofer M, Holmgren E, Linnerbauer M, Adzemovic MZ, Hellström C, Jelcic I, Liu H, Nilsson P, Hillert J, Brundin L, Fink K, Kockum I, Tengvall K, Martin R, Tegel H, Gräslund T, Al Nimer F, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Khademi M, Gafvelin G, Olsson T, Grönlund H. Identification of four novel T cell autoantigens and personal autoreactive profiles in multiple sclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1823. [PMID: 35476434 PMCID: PMC9045615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which pathological T cells, likely autoimmune, play a key role. Despite its central importance, the autoantigen repertoire remains largely uncharacterized. Using a novel in vitro antigen delivery method combined with the Human Protein Atlas library, we screened for T cell autoreactivity against 63 CNS-expressed proteins. We identified four previously unreported autoantigens in MS: fatty acid-binding protein 7, prokineticin-2, reticulon-3, and synaptosomal-associated protein 91, which were verified to induce interferon-γ responses in MS in two cohorts. Autoreactive profiles were heterogeneous, and reactivity to several autoantigens was MS-selective. Autoreactive T cells were predominantly CD4+ and human leukocyte antigen-DR restricted. Mouse immunization induced antigen-specific responses and CNS leukocyte infiltration. This represents one of the largest systematic efforts to date in the search for MS autoantigens, demonstrates the heterogeneity of autoreactive profiles, and highlights promising targets for future diagnostic tools and immunomodulatory therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Bronge
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Asplund Högelin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivia G. Thomas
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Carvalho-Queiroz
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola B. Nilsson
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmgren
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z. Adzemovic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Hellström
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ivan Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lou Brundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Fink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Tegel
- Human Protein Atlas, Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guro Gafvelin
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Yang Y, Qiao X, Song X, Zhang D, Yu S, Dong M, Liu X, Wang L, Song L. CgATP synthase β subunit involved in the regulation of haemocytes proliferation as a CgAstakine receptor in Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:85-93. [PMID: 35245670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Astakine is considered as an endogenous cytokine-like factor of prokineticin homologue in invertebrate. Recently, an astakine homologue (CgAstakine) has been identified and characterized in oyster Crassostrea gigas. In the present study, a CgATP synthase β subunit was identified as the receptor of CgAstakine in C. gigas. There was an ATP-synt_ab_N domain and an AAA domain in the CgATP synthase β subunit protein. The mRNA transcripts of CgATP synthase β subunit were detected in all tested tissues, with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas and gills, which was 109.11-fold (p < 0.01) and 97.21-fold (p < 0.01) of that in labial palps, respectively. After rCgAstakine stimulation, the mRNA transcripts of CgATP synthase β subunit in agranulocytes and semi-granulocytes were significantly increased at 24 h (2.44-fold, and 9.01-fold of that in control group, p < 0.01), and those in granulocytes were significantly increased at 6 h (1.83-fold, p < 0.01), 12 h (1.92-fold, p < 0.01) and 24 h (3.47-fold, p < 0.01). The expression level of CgATP synthase β subunit protein in agranulocytes and granulocytes was also significantly increased after rCgAstakine stimulation, which was 1.64-fold (p < 0.05) and 1.85-fold (p < 0.05) of that in control group, respectively, while there were no significant changes in semi-granulocytes. The immunofluorescence assay showed that CgATP synthase β subunit positive signals were mainly located on the membrane of haemocytes. The number of haemocytes with EdU positive signals was significantly increased after rCgAstakine stimulation (2.04-fold of seawater group, p < 0.01), while significantly decreased after the RNA interference (RNAi) of CgATP synthase β subunit, which was 0.28-fold of that in NC group (p < 0.01). Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) assay confirmed in vitro interaction between rCgAstakine and rCgATP synthase β subunit. There results suggested that CgATP synthase β subunit acts as the receptor of CgAstakine and plays important roles in CgAstakine induced renewal of haemocytes in C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miren Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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25
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Yoon HH, Ye S, Lim S, Jo A, Lee H, Hong F, Lee SE, Oh SJ, Kim NR, Kim K, Kim BJ, Kim H, Lee CJ, Nam MH, Hur JW, Jeon SR. CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Protects from the A53T-SNCA Overexpression-Induced Pathology of Parkinson's Disease In Vivo. CRISPR J 2022; 5:95-108. [PMID: 35191750 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in specific genes, including synuclein alpha (SNCA) that encodes the α-synuclein protein, are known to be risk factors for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as critical factors for familial PD. In particular, A53T-mutated SNCA (A53T-SNCA) is a well-studied familial pathologic mutation in PD. However, techniques for deletion of the mutated SNCA gene in vivo have not been developed. Here, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to delete A53T-SNCA in vitro as well as in vivo. Adeno-associated virus carrying SaCas9-KKH with a single-guide RNA targeting A53T-SNCA significantly reduced A53T-SNCA expression levels in vitro. Furthermore, we tested its therapeutic potential in vivo in a viral A53T-SNCA-overexpressing rat model of PD. Gene deletion of A53T-SNCA significantly rescued the overexpression of α-synuclein, reactive microgliosis, dopaminergic neurodegeneration, and parkinsonian motor symptoms. Our findings propose CRISPR-Cas9 system as a potential prevention strategy for A53T-SNCA-specific PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ho Yoon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghyeok Ye
- RnD center, GeneCker, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhwa Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hawon Lee
- RnD center, GeneCker, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Felix Hong
- RnD center, GeneCker, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea; and Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junseok W Hur
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Jeon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Trehalose Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Role of the PK2/PKR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:6779559. [PMID: 34970418 PMCID: PMC8714337 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6779559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ample clinical case reports suggest a high incidence of cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent evidence supports an essential role of trehalose (TLS) in cardiomyocyte survival signaling. Our previous study found that prokineticin2 (PK2) was involved in the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study examined the protective effects and mechanisms of TLS on DM-induced cardiomyocyte injury in mice and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg·kg−1·d−1 streptozotocin for five consecutive days to establish an experimental diabetic model and then administered TLS (1 mg·g−1·d−1, i.p.) for two days every 4 weeks and given 2% TLS in drinking water for 24 weeks. Echocardiography, myocardial structure, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and the PK2/PKR pathway were assessed. Cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) were treated with TLS in the absence or presence of the PK2 antagonist PKRA7, and proteins involved in apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis and the PK2/PKR pathways were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Diabetic mice demonstrated metabolic disorder, abnormal myocardial zymograms, and aberrant myocardial systolic and diastolic function, which were accompanied by pronounced apoptosis, pyroptosis, and dampened autophagy. TLS treatment relieved these effects. PK2 and receptor expressions were downregulated in diabetic mice, and TLS nullified this effect. PKRA7 eliminated the impact of TLS on cardiomyocytes. This evidence suggests that TLS rescues DM-induced myocardial function, pyroptosis, and apoptosis, likely via the PK2/PKR pathway.
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Parambi DGT, Alharbi KS, Kumar R, Harilal S, Batiha GES, Cruz-Martins N, Magdy O, Musa A, Panda DS, Mathew B. Gene Therapy Approach with an Emphasis on Growth Factors: Theoretical and Clinical Outcomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:191-233. [PMID: 34655056 PMCID: PMC8518903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of many neurological diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown and still needs more effective and specific therapeutic approaches. Gene therapy has a promising future in treating neurodegenerative disorders by correcting the genetic defects or by therapeutic protein delivery and is now an attraction for neurologists to treat brain disorders, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, stroke, and spinal cord injury. Gene therapy allows the transgene induction, with a unique expression in cells' substrate. This article mainly focuses on the delivering modes of genetic materials in the CNS, which includes viral and non-viral vectors and their application in gene therapy. Despite the many clinical trials conducted so far, data have shown disappointing outcomes. The efforts done to improve outcomes, efficacy, and safety in the identification of targets in various neurological disorders are also discussed here. Adapting gene therapy as a new therapeutic approach for treating neurological disorders seems to be promising, with early detection and delivery of therapy before the neuron is lost, helping a lot the development of new therapeutic options to translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jouf University, Al Jouf-2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jouf University, Al Jouf-2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala 680596 India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala 680596 India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Omnia Magdy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf-2014 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11371 Egypt
| | - Dibya Sundar Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Sakaka, 72341 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041 India
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28
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Lattanzi R, Miele R. Versatile Role of Prokineticins and Prokineticin Receptors in Neuroinflammation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1648. [PMID: 34829877 PMCID: PMC8615546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prokineticins are a new class of chemokine-like peptides involved in a wide range of biological and pathological activities. In particular, prokineticin 2 (PK2), prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2) play a central role in modulating neuroinflammatory processes. PK2 and PKRs, which are physiologically expressed at very low levels, are strongly upregulated during inflammation and regulate neuronal-glial interaction. PKR2 is mainly overexpressed in neurons, whereas PKR1 and PK2 are mainly overexpressed in astrocytes. Once PK2 is released in inflamed tissue, it is involved in both innate and adaptive responses: it triggers macrophage recruitment, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, it modulates the function of T cells through the activation of PKR1 and directs them towards a pro-inflammatory Th1 phenotype. Since the prokineticin system appears to be upregulated following a series of pathological insults leading to neuroinflammation, we will focus here on the involvement of PK2 and PKRs in those pathologies that have a strong underlying inflammatory component, such as: inflammatory and neuropathic pain, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and gastrointestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Huang M, Lou D, Charli A, Kong D, Jin H, Zenitsky G, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Wang Z, Kanthasamy AG. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced H3K27 hyperacetylation perturbs enhancers in Parkinson's disease. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e138088. [PMID: 34494552 PMCID: PMC8492320 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major pathophysiological contributor to the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, whether it contributes to epigenetic dysregulation remains unknown. Here, we show that both chemically and genetically driven mitochondrial dysfunctions share a common mechanism of epigenetic dysregulation. Under both scenarios, lysine 27 acetylation of likely variant H3.3 (H3.3K27ac) increased in dopaminergic neuronal models of PD, thereby opening that region to active enhancer activity via H3K27ac. These vulnerable epigenomic loci represent potential transcription factor motifs for PD pathogenesis. We further confirmed that mitochondrial dysfunction induces H3K27ac in ex vivo and in vivo (MitoPark) neurodegenerative models of PD. Notably, the significantly increased H3K27ac in postmortem PD brains highlights the clinical relevance to the human PD population. Our results reveal an exciting mitochondrial dysfunction-metabolism-H3K27ac-transcriptome axis for PD pathogenesis. Collectively, the mechanistic insights link mitochondrial dysfunction to epigenetic dysregulation in dopaminergic degeneration and offer potential new epigenetic intervention strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dan Lou
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenomes, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dehui Kong
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenomes, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenomes, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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30
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Wang Y, Chen S, Tan J, Gao Y, Yan H, Liu Y, Yi S, Xiao Z, Wu H. Tryptophan in the diet ameliorates motor deficits in a rotenone-induced rat Parkinson's disease model via activating the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2226. [PMID: 34105899 PMCID: PMC8413809 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder with motor and nonmotor symptoms, does not have effective treatments. Dietary tryptophan (Trp) supplementation has potential benefits for the treatment of multiple disorders. However, whether additional Trp in the diet could be beneficial for PD remains to beinvestigated. In the present study, the neuroprotective role of dietary Trp on a rotenone-induced rat model of PD was determined. METHODS The rotenone was injected to build the PD model, and then the rats were treated with Trp in the diet. And then, an open field test, western blot analysis, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. RESULTS We observed that dietary Trp significantly ameliorated impaired motor function, upregulated tyrosine hydroxylase expression, inhibited the nuclear transport of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in substantia nigra (SN), and downregulated the protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum in rotenone-treated rats. However, these patterns were reversed in response to treatment with ampicillin, an agent that can clean intestinal Trp metabolism flora. Moreover, after using CH223191, an inhibitor of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, dietary Trp could not exert neuroprotective roles in the rotenone-induced rat model of PD. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Trp in the diet can protect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity to ameliorate motor deficits, which may be mediated through activating AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China.,Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yijiang Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Hongye Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Shanqing Yi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Zijian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
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31
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Mehmood A, Ali W, Din ZU, Song S, Sohail M, Shah W, Guo J, Guo RY, Ilahi I, Shah S, Al-Shaebi F, Zeb L, Asiamah EA, Al-Dhamin Z, Bilal H, Li B. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats as an advanced treatment for Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2280. [PMID: 34291612 PMCID: PMC8413717 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, genome-editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 has improved the translational gap in the treatments mediated through gene therapy. The advantages of the CRISPR system, such as, work in the living cells and tissues, candidate this technique for the employing in experiments and the therapy of central nervous system diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread, disabling, neurodegenerative disease induced by dopaminergic neuron loss and linked to progressive motor impairment. Pathophysiological basis knowledge of PD has modified the PD classification model and expresses in the sporadic and familial types. Analyses of the earliest genetic linkage have shown in PD the inclusion of synuclein alpha (SNCA) genomic duplication and SNCA mutations in the familial types of PD pathogenesis. This review analyzes the structure, development, and function in genome editing regulated through the CRISPR/Cas9. Also, it explains the genes associated with PD pathogenesis and the appropriate modifications to favor PD. This study follows the direction by understanding the PD linking analyses in which the CRISPR technique is applied. Finally, this study explains the limitations and future trends of CRISPR service in relation to the genome-editing process in PD patients' induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Wajid Ali
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zaheer Ud Din
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wahid Shah
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Jiangyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Ikram Ilahi
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Suleman Shah
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Fadhl Al-Shaebi
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Liaqat Zeb
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
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32
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Bao Z, Liu Y, Chen B, Miao Z, Tu Y, Li C, Chao H, Ye Y, Xu X, Sun G, Zhao P, Liu N, Liu Y, Wang X, Lam SM, Kagan VE, Bayır H, Ji J. Prokineticin-2 prevents neuronal cell deaths in a model of traumatic brain injury. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4220. [PMID: 34244497 PMCID: PMC8270965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prokineticin-2 (Prok2) is an important secreted protein likely involved in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic neurological diseases through currently unidentified regulatory mechanisms. The initial mechanical injury of neurons by traumatic brain injury triggers multiple secondary responses including various cell death programs. One of these is ferroptosis, which is associated with dysregulation of iron and thiols and culminates in fatal lipid peroxidation. Here, we explore the regulatory role of Prok2 in neuronal ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. We show that Prok2 prevents neuronal cell death by suppressing the biosynthesis of lipid peroxidation substrates, arachidonic acid-phospholipids, via accelerated F-box only protein 10 (Fbxo10)-driven ubiquitination, degradation of long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 4 (Acsl4), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Mice injected with adeno-associated virus-Prok2 before controlled cortical impact injury show reduced neuronal degeneration and improved motor and cognitive functions, which could be inhibited by Fbxo10 knockdown. Our study shows that Prok2 mediates neuronal cell deaths in traumatic brain injury via ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangfan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengzhan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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33
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Samidurai M, Palanisamy BN, Bargues-Carot A, Hepker M, Kondru N, Manne S, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A. PKC Delta Activation Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) and NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome Activation Subsequent to Asynuclein-Induced Microglial Activation: Involvement of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP)/Thioredoxin (Trx) Redoxisome Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:661505. [PMID: 34276337 PMCID: PMC8283807 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.661505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A classical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) within Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, although its role in microglial dysfunction and resultant dopaminergic (DAergic) neurotoxicity is still elusive. Previously, we identified that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is activated in post mortem PD brains and experimental Parkinsonism and that it participates in reactive microgliosis; however, the relationship between PKCδ activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the reactive microglial activation state in the context of α-synucleinopathy is largely unknown. Herein, we show that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, and PKCδ activation increased concomitantly with ERS markers, including the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (p-IRE1α), p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) as well as increased generation of neurotoxic cytokines, including IL-1β in aggregated αSynagg-stimulated primary microglia. Importantly, in mouse primary microglia-treated with αSynagg we observed increased expression of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the thioredoxin (Trx) pathway, a major antioxidant protein system. Additionally, αSynagg promoted interaction between NLRP3 and TXNIP in these cells. In vitro knockdown of PKCδ using siRNA reduced ERS and led to reduced expression of TXNIP and the NLRP3 activation response in αSynagg-stimulated mouse microglial cells (MMCs). Additionally, attenuation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) via mito-apocynin and amelioration of ERS via the eIF2α inhibitor salubrinal (SAL) reduced the induction of the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS may act in concert to promote the αSynagg-induced microglial activation response. Likewise, knockdown of TXNIP by siRNA attenuated the αSynagg-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation response. Finally, unilateral injection of αSyn preformed fibrils (αSynPFF) into the striatum of wild-type mice induced a significant increase in the expression of nigral p-PKCδ, ERS markers, and upregulation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling axis prior to delayed loss of TH+ neurons. Together, our results suggest that inhibition of ERS and its downstream signaling mediators TXNIP and NLRP3 might represent novel therapeutic avenues for ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Samidurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Monica Hepker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Naveen Kondru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sireesha Manne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Langley MR, Ghaisas S, Palanisamy BN, Ay M, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Characterization of nonmotor behavioral impairments and their neurochemical mechanisms in the MitoPark mouse model of progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113716. [PMID: 33839143 PMCID: PMC9797183 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The MitoPark mouse, a transgenic mitochondrial impairment model developed by specific inactivation of TFAM in dopaminergic neurons, spontaneously exhibits progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration, recapitulating several features of PD. Since nonmotor symptoms are now recognized as important features of the prodromal stage of PD, we comprehensively assessed the clinically relevant motor and nonmotor deficiencies from ages 8-24 wk in both male and female MitoPark mice and their littermate controls. As expected, motor deficits in MitoPark mice began around 12-14 wk and became severe by 16-24 wk. Interestingly, MitoPark mice exhibited olfactory deficits in the novel and social scent tests as early as 10-12 wk as compared to age-matched littermate controls. Additionally, male MitoPark mice showed spatial memory deficits before female mice, beginning at 8 wk and becoming most severe at 16 wk, as determined by the Morris water maze. MitoPark mice between 16 and 24 wk spent more time immobile in forced swim and tail suspension tests, and made fewer entries into open arms of the elevated plus maze, indicating a depressive and anxiety-like phenotype, respectively. Importantly, depressive behavior as determined by immobility in forced swim test was reversible by antidepressant treatment with desipramine. Neurochemical and mechanistic studies revealed significant changes in CREB phosphorylation, BDNF, and catecholamine levels as well as neurogenesis in key brain regions. Collectively, our results indicate that MitoPark mice progressively exhibit deficits in olfactory discrimination, cognitive learning and memory, and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as key neurochemical signaling associated with nonmotor deficits in PD. Thus, MitoPark mice can serve as an invaluable model for studying nonmotor deficits in addition to studying the motor deficits related to pathology in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Muhammet Ay
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America.
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35
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Bhardwaj S, Kesari KK, Rachamalla M, Mani S, Ashraf GM, Jha SK, Kumar P, Ambasta RK, Dureja H, Devkota HP, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K, Ruokolainen J, Kamal MA, Ojha S, Jha NK. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: New hope for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. J Adv Res 2021; 40:207-221. [PMID: 36100328 PMCID: PMC9481950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 are known factors for AD pathobiology. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach hold promises in AD management. CRISPR/Cas9 is utilized to help correct anomalous genetic functions. Off-target mutations may impair the functionality of edited cells. Non-viral vectors show better efficacy and safety than viral vectors.
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious, irreversible, and progressive neurodegenerative health condition manifesting as cognitive deficits and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Approximately 50 million individuals are affected by AD, and the number is rapidly increasing globally. This review explores the role of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in the management of AD and its clinical manifestations. Aim of Review This review aims to provide a deep insight into the recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and its use against neurodegenerative disorders, specifically AD. However, we have referred to its use against parkinsons’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and other human diseases, as is one of the most promising and emerging technologies for disease treatment. Key Scientific Concepts of Review The pathophysiology of AD is known to be linked with gene mutations, that is, presenilin (PSEN) and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). However, clinical trials focused at the genetic level could not meet the desired efficiency. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool is one of the most powerful technologies for correcting inconsistent genetic signatures and now extensively used for AD management. It has significant potential for the correction of undesired gene mutations associated with AD. This technology has allowed the development of empirical AD models, therapeutic lines, and diagnostic approaches for better understanding the nervous system, from in vitro to in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
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Beckstead MJ, Howell RD. Progressive parkinsonism due to mitochondrial impairment: Lessons from the MitoPark mouse model. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113707. [PMID: 33753138 PMCID: PMC8169575 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardinal pathophysiological finding of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, which is responsible for the motor and some of the non-motor symptomatology. While the primary causes of nigrostriatal degeneration are hotly debated, considerable evidence supports a central role for impaired mitochondrial function. Postmortem analysis of PD patients reveals impaired respiratory chains and increased mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in addition to increased markers of oxidative stress indicative of mitochondrial impairment. Most animal models of PD, both genetic and toxin-based, target some component of mitochondrial function to reproduce aspects of the human disease. One model that continues to gain attention is the MitoPark mouse, created through a cell type-specific knockout of mitochondrial transcription factor A specifically in midbrain DA neurons. This model effectively recapitulates the slowly developing, adult onset motor decline seen in PD due to mass loss of DA neurons. MitoPark mice therefore represent an effective tool for studying the sequence of events that occurs in the early stages of DA neuron degeneration following mitochondrial impairment, as well as for testing the efficacy of potential disease-modifying therapies in a progressive model of neurodegeneration. A targeted review of key findings from MitoPark mice has not been published since the early years following the initial report of the model in 2007. The current review synthesizes findings from several groups that are exploring MitoPark mice and discusses implications for the future identification of disease-modifying treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Beckstead
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Aging & Metabolism Research Program, USA.
| | - Rebecca D Howell
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Aging & Metabolism Research Program, USA
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37
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Frondelli MJ, Levison SW. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Is Required for Subventricular Zone Astrocyte Progenitor Proliferation and for Prokineticin-2 Production after a Closed Head Injury in Mice. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:285-302. [PMID: 34223558 PMCID: PMC8244521 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2020.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrogliosis is one of the hallmarks of brain injury, and after a mild injury activated astrocytes subserve neuroprotective and pro-regenerative functions. We previously found that the astroglial response to closed head injury (CHI) was blunted in mice that were haplodeficient in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF); therefore, the goal of these studies was to determine if the delayed astrogliosis was due to decreased recruitment of subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors. CHI's were performed on post-natal day 20 on LIF heterozygous (Het) and wild-type (WT) mice. At 48 h post-CHI, astrocyte progenitor proliferation within the SVZ increased ∼250% in WT mice but was reduced by ∼200% in LIF Het mice compared with sham controls. Using neurospheres to model the SVZ, LIF increased the percentage of proliferating astrocyte progenitors by 2-fold compared with controls but had no effect on neural stem cell proliferation. To rule out the involvement of other cytokines, 105 cytokines were analyzed using a multi-plex array and with targeted validation on injured LIF Het versus WT neocortex. Of the cytokines analyzed, only prokineticin-2 (ProK2) required LIF signaling. Correspondingly, LIF-treated neurospheres expressed higher levels of ProK2, the ProK1 and ProK2 receptors (ProKR1 and ProKR2). Using in situ hybridization, ProK2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was most abundant in neocortical neurons and highly expressed within the SVZ. However, in contrast to LIF, ProK2 decreased astrocyte progenitor proliferation 2-fold. Altogether, these data demonstrate that LIF is necessary for astrocyte progenitor proliferation after injury and reveal a new role for LIF as an essential regulator of the neurotrophic factor ProK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. Frondelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven W. Levison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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38
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Fan YY, Huo J. A1/A2 astrocytes in central nervous system injuries and diseases: Angels or devils? Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105080. [PMID: 34048845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play a pivotal role in maintaining the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and function. In response to CNS injuries and diseases, reactive astrocytes are triggered. By purifying and genetically profiling reactive astrocytes, it has been now found that astrocytes can be activated into two polarization states: the neurotoxic or pro-inflammatory phenotype (A1) and the neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory phenotype (A2). Although the simple dichotomy of the A1/A2 phenotypes does not reflect the wide range of astrocytic phenotypes, it facilitates our understanding of the reactive state of astrocytes in various CNS disorders. This article reviews the recent evidences regarding A1/A2 astrocytes, including (a) the specific markers and morphological characteristics, (b) the effects of A1/A2 astrocytes on the neurovascular unit, and (c) the molecular mechanisms involved in the phenotypic switch of astrocytes. Although many questions remain, a deeper understanding of different phenotypic astrocytes will eventually help us to explore effective strategies for neurological disorders by targeting astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Jing Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Saminathan H, Ghosh A, Zhang D, Song C, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Fyn Kinase-Mediated PKCδ Y311 Phosphorylation Induces Dopaminergic Degeneration in Cell Culture and Animal Models: Implications for the Identification of a New Pharmacological Target for Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:631375. [PMID: 33995031 PMCID: PMC8113680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis are some of the key etiological factors responsible for dopamin(DA)ergic degeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the downstream molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are largely unknown. Recently, a genome-wide association study revealed the FYN gene to be associated with PD, suggesting that Fyn kinase could be a pharmacological target for PD. In this study, we report that Fyn-mediated PKCδ tyrosine (Y311) phosphorylation is a key event preceding its proteolytic activation in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinsonism. MPP+/MPTP induced Fyn kinase activation in N27 DAergic neuronal cells and the mouse substantia nigra. PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation by activated Fyn initiates the apoptotic caspase-signaling cascade during DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological attenuation of Fyn activity protected DAergic neurons from MPP+-induced degeneration in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures. We further employed Fyn wild-type and Fyn knockout (KO) mice to confirm whether Fyn is a valid pharmacological target of DAergic neurodegeneration. Primary mesencephalic neurons from Fyn KO mice were greatly protected from MPP+-induced DAergic cell death, neurite loss and DA reuptake loss. Furthermore, Fyn KO mice were significantly protected from MPTP-induced PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation, behavioral deficits and nigral DAergic degeneration. This study thus unveils a mechanism by which Fyn regulates PKCδ's pro-apoptotic function and DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors directed at Fyn activation could prove to be a novel therapeutic target in the delay or halting of selective DAergic degeneration during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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40
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Casella I, Ambrosio C. Prokineticin receptors interact unselectively with several G protein subtypes but bind selectively to β-arrestin 2. Cell Signal 2021; 83:110000. [PMID: 33811988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prokineticin 1 (pk1) and prokineticin 2 (pk2) interact with two structurally related G-protein coupled receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2). Cellular signalling studies show that the activated receptors can evoke Ca2+-mobilization, pertussis toxin-sensitive ERK phosphorylation, and intracellular cAMP accumulation, which suggests the partecipation of several G protein subtypes, such as Gq/11, Gi/o and Gs. However, direct interactions with these transduction proteins have not been studied yet. Here we measured by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) the association of PKR1 and PKR2 with different heterotrimeric Gα proteins in response to pk1 and pk2 activation. Using host-cell lines carrying gene deletions of Gαq/11 or Gαs, and pertussis toxin treatment to abolish the receptor interactions with Gαi/o, we determined that both receptors could couple with comparable efficiency to Gq/11 and Gi/o, but far less efficiently to Gs or other pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. We also used BRET methodology to assess the association of prokineticin receptors with β-arrestin isoforms. Fluorescent versions of the isoforms were transfected both in HEK293 cells and in double KO β-arrestin 1/2 mouse fibroblasts, to study receptor interaction with the reconstituted individual β-arrestins without background expression of the endogenous genes. Both receptors formed stable BRET-emitting complexes with β-arrestin 2 but not with β-arrestin 1, indicating strong selectivity for the former. In all the studied transducer interactions and in both receptors, pk2 was more potent than pk1 in promoting receptor binding to transduction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Casella
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Reserch and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Caterina Ambrosio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Reserch and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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41
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Lattanzi R, Severini C, Maftei D, Saso L, Badiani A. The Role of Prokineticin 2 in Oxidative Stress and in Neuropathological Processes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640441. [PMID: 33732160 PMCID: PMC7956973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prokineticin (PK) family, prokineticin 1 and Bv8/prokineticin 2 (PROK2), initially discovered as regulators of gastrointestinal motility, interacts with two G protein-coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, regulating important biological functions such as circadian rhythms, metabolism, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, muscle contractility, hematopoiesis, immune response, reproduction and pain perception. PROK2 and PK receptors, in particular PKR2, are widespread distributed in the central nervous system, in both neurons and glial cells. The PROK2 expression levels can be increased by a series of pathological insults, such as hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, beta amyloid and excitotoxic glutamate. This suggests that the PK system, participating in different cellular processes that cause neuronal death, can be a key mediator in neurological/neurodegenerative diseases. While many PROK2/PKRs effects in physiological processes have been documented, their role in neuropathological conditions is not fully clarified, since PROK2 can have a double function in the mechanisms underlying to neurodegeneration or neuroprotection. Here, we briefly outline the latest findings on the modulation of PROK2 and its cognate receptors following different pathological insults, providing information about their opposite neurotoxic and neuroprotective role in different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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42
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Schirinzi T, Maftei D, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Mercuri NB, Lattanzi R, Severini C. Increase of Prokineticin-2 in Serum of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1031-1033. [PMID: 33404134 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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43
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Zhu G, Harischandra DS, Ghaisas S, Zhang P, Prall W, Huang L, Maghames C, Guo L, Luna E, Mack KL, Torrente MP, Luk KC, Shorter J, Yang X. TRIM11 Prevents and Reverses Protein Aggregation and Rescues a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108418. [PMID: 33264628 PMCID: PMC7906527 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the formation and propagation of protein aggregates, especially amyloid fibrils. However, what normally suppresses protein misfolding and aggregation in metazoan cells remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that TRIM11, a member of the metazoan tripartite motif (TRIM) family, both prevents the formation of protein aggregates and dissolves pre-existing protein deposits, including amyloid fibrils. These molecular chaperone and disaggregase activities are ATP independent. They enhance folding and solubility of normal proteins and cooperate with TRIM11 SUMO ligase activity to degrade aberrant proteins. TRIM11 abrogates α-synuclein fibrillization and restores viability in cell models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Intracranial adeno-associated viral delivery of TRIM11 mitigates α-synuclein-mediated pathology, neurodegeneration, and motor impairments in a PD mouse model. Other TRIMs can also function as ATP-independent molecular chaperones and disaggregases. Thus, we define TRIMs as a potent and multifunctional protein quality-control system in metazoa, which might be applied to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wil Prall
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liangqian Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chantal Maghames
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Esteban Luna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Korrie L Mack
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariana P Torrente
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Désaubry L, Kanthasamy AG, Nebigil CG. Prokineticin signaling in heart-brain developmental axis: Therapeutic options for heart and brain injuries. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105190. [PMID: 32937177 PMCID: PMC7674124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart and brain development occur simultaneously during the embryogenesis, and both organ development and injuries are interconnected. Early neuronal and cardiac injuries share mutual cellular events, such as angiogenesis and plasticity that could either delay disease progression or, in the long run, result in detrimental health effects. For this reason, the common mechanisms provide a new and previously undervalued window of opportunity for intervention. Because angiogenesis, cardiogenesis and neurogenesis are essential for the development and regeneration of the heart and brain, we discuss therein the role of prokineticin as an angiogenic neuropeptide in heart-brain development and injuries. We focus on the role of prokineticin signaling and the effect of drugs targeting prokineticin receptors in neuroprotection and cardioprotection, with a special emphasis on heart failure, neurodegenerativParkinson's disease and ischemic heart and brain injuries. Indeed, prokineticin triggers common pro-survival signaling pathway in heart and brain. Our review aims at stimulating researchers and clinicians in neurocardiology to focus on the role of prokineticin signaling in the reciprocal interaction between heart and brain. We hope to facilitate the discovery of new treatment strategies, acting in both heart and brain degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Désaubry
- Regenerative Nanomedicine, UMR 1260, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Canan G Nebigil
- Regenerative Nanomedicine, UMR 1260, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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45
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Sun X, Zhang H, Xie L, Qian C, Ye Y, Mao H, Wang B, Zhang H, Zhang Y, He X, Zhang S. Tristetraprolin destabilizes NOX2 mRNA and protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:15047-15061. [PMID: 32954540 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902967r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), an RNA-binding protein encoded by the ZFP36 gene, is vital for neural differentiation; however, its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. To explore the role of TTP in PD, an in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) cell model and an in vivo 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) of PD were used. Transfection of small interfering (si)-TTP RNA upregulated pro-oxidative NOX2 expression and ROS formation, downregulated anti-oxidative GSH and SOD activity;si-TTP upregulated pro-apoptotic cleaved-caspase-3 expression, and downregulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression; while overexpression (OE)-TTP lentivirus caused opposite effects. Through database prediction, luciferase experiment, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and mRNA stability analysis, we evaluated the potential binding sites of TTP to 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of NOX2 mRNA. TTP affected the NOX2 luciferase activity by binding to two sites in the NOX2 3'-UTR. RIP-qPCR confirmed TTP binding to both sites, with a higher affinity for site-2. In addition, TTP reduced the NOX2 mRNA stability. si-NOX2 and antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reversed si-TTP-induced cell apoptosis. In MPTP-treated mice, TTP expression increased and was co-located with dopaminergic neurons. TTP also inhibited NOX2 and decreased the oxidative stress in vivo. In conclusion, TTP protects against dopaminergic oxidative injury by promoting NOX2 mRNA degradation in the MPP+ /MPTP model of PD, suggesting that TTP could be a potential therapeutic target for regulating the oxidative stress in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qian
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengxu Mao
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyan Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Tarbut V'Torah Community Day School, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaozheng He
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Ma M, Li H, Wu J, Zhang Y, Shen H, Li X, Wang Z, Chen G. Roles of Prokineticin 2 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury via Regulation of Phenotype Polarization in Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3744-3758. [PMID: 32572760 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have postulated that neuroinflammation can induce two different types of reactive astrocytes, A1 and A2. A1 astrocytes may be harmful, whereas A2 astrocytes may be protective. Specifically, prokineticin 2 (PK2) has been shown to regulate neuron-astrocyte signaling mechanism by promoting an alternative A2-protective phenotype in astrocytes. This study aimed to examine the role of PK2 in early brain injury (EBI) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH-induced astrocytic activation was confirmed by Western blotting. We confirmed C3 and PTX3 as appropriate reactivity markers for discriminating A1 and A2 astrocytes, respectively. We also observed SAH-induced astrocytic activation in SAH patients. The increase of PK2 in neurons after SAH in both humans and rats suggested a possible relationship between PK2 and SAH pathology. PK2 knockdown promoted an A1 astrocytic phenotype with upregulation of neurodegenerative indicators, while intravascular injection of recombinant PK2 (rPK2) promoted A2 astrocytic phenotype and reduced SAH-induced neuronal injury and behavioral dysfunction. Finally, we identified that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was sufficient to elevate the protein level of PK2 in neurons and enhance astrocytic activation in vitro. Moreover, rPK2 selectively promoted astrocytic polarization to an A2 phenotype under a TNF-α stimulus and induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), suggesting that SAH-induced increases in PK2 may function as an endogenous mechanism for self-repair. Collectively, our findings support that enhancing PK2 expression or administration of rPK2 may induce a selective modulation of astrocytic polarization to a protective phenotype following SAH-like stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Methane Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Orchitis by Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidative, and Antiapoptotic Effects via Regulation of the PK2/PKR1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7075836. [PMID: 32922653 PMCID: PMC7453259 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7075836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study is aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects of methane on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute orchitis and its potential mechanisms. Methods Adult male rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with methane-rich saline (MS, 20 mL/kg) following LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.). The survival rate was assessed every 12 h until 72 h after LPS induction, and surviving rats were sacrificed for further detection. The wet/dry (W/D) ratio was determined, and testicular damage was histologically assessed. Inflammatory cytokines in the testes and serum, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were measured using ELISA and RT-qPCR. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Testicular apoptosis was detected via TUNEL staining. The expression of prokineticin 2 (PK2)/prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) was also analyzed using RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results It was found that methane significantly prolonged rat survival, decreased the W/D ratio, alleviated LPS-induced histological changes, and reduced apoptotic cells in the testes. Additionally, methane suppressed and promoted the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Furthermore, methane significantly increased SOD levels, decreased MDA levels, and decreased testicular expression of PK2 and PKR1. Therefore, methane exerts therapeutic effects on acute orchitis and might be a new and convenient strategy for the treatment of inflammation-related testicular diseases.
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CRISPR/Cas9 novel therapeutic road for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118165. [PMID: 32735884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 is a new genetic editing technology that can be a beneficial method to advance gene therapy. CRISPR technology is a defense system of some bacteria against invading viruses. Genome editing based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient and potential technology that can be a viable alternative to traditional methods. This system is a compound of a short guide RNAs (gRNAs) for identifying the target DNA sequence and Cas9 protein as nuclease for breaking and cutting of DNA. In this review, recent advances in the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing tools are presented as well as their use in gene therapy strategies for the treatment of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.
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Yang Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Cai F, Jiang B, Zha W, Yu W. Metformin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Activating the PK2/PKR Pathway. Front Physiol 2020; 11:425. [PMID: 32508669 PMCID: PMC7252307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes that can cause damage to myocardial structure and function. Metformin (Met) is a widely used type 2 diabetes treatment drug that exerts cardioprotective effects through multiple pathways. Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a small-molecule secreted protein that plays pivotal parts in cardiomyocyte survival and angiogenesis. However, the role of Met in regulating the PK2 signaling pathway in DCM remains unclear. This experiment explored the effects of Met on high glucose (HG)-induced injury through the PK2/PKR pathway in vivo and in vitro. Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult or AKT-knockout mice were treated with HG (33 mmol/L) and PK2 or AKT1/2 kinase inhibitor (AKT inhibitor). Heart contraction properties based on cell shortening were evaluated; these properties included the resting cell length, peak shortening (PS), maximum speed of shortening/relengthening (±dL/dt), time to 90% relengthening (TR90), and time to peak shortening (TPS). Mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with Met to evaluate cardiac function, myocardial structure, and the PK2/PKR and AKT/GSK3β pathways. Moreover, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to HG in the absence or presence of Met with or without the PK2 antagonist PKRA7 or the AKT inhibitor, and apoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bcl-2 and the PK2/PKR and AKT/GSK3β pathways were evaluated using western blot analysis. The prolongation of TR90 and decreases in PS and ±dL/dt caused by HG were ameliorated by PK2 in cardiomyocytes, but the effects of PK2 were ameliorated or negated by the AKT inhibitor and in AKT-knockout mice. Diabetic mice showed metabolic abnormalities, aberrant myocardial enzyme levels, declines in myocardial systolic and diastolic function associated with myocardial fibrosis, and pronounced apoptosis, but these effects were greatly rescued by Met treatment. Moreover, PK2, PKR1, and PKR2 expression and p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios were decreased in diabetic mice, and these decreases were attenuated by Met. Likewise, H9c2 cells exposed to HG showed reduced PK2/PKR expression and decreased p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios, and these effects were nullified by Met. In addition, the effects of Met on cardiomyocytes exposed to HG were abolished after intervention with PKRA7 or the AKT inhibitor. These results suggest that Met can activate the PK2/PKR-mediated AKT/GSK3β pathway, thus improving cardiac function and alleviating apoptosis in DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Botao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, China
| | - Wenliang Zha
- Department of Surgery, Clinic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental General Medicine Education, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Prokineticin 2 (PK2) Rescues Cardiomyocytes from High Glucose/High Palmitic Acid-Induced Damage by Regulating the AKT/GSK3 β Pathway In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3163629. [PMID: 32509142 PMCID: PMC7251470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3163629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a small 8 kDa protein that participates in many physiological processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammation, and neurogenesis. This experiment investigated the effect of PK2 on high glucose/high palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in cardiomyocytes and the AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway. H9c2 cells were exposed to normal and high concentrations (33 mM) of glucose and palmitic acid (150 μM) with or without PK2 (10 nM) for 48 h. Reactive oxygen species were detected using the fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and DHE. Changes in apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry, and autophagosomes were detected using Ad-GFP-LC3. Apoptotic proteins, such as Cleaved Caspase3, Bax, and Bcl-2; autophagy proteins, including Beclin-1 and LC3B; and PK2/PKR/AKT/GSK3β signals were evaluated using western blotting. Cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose/high palmitic acid exhibited increases in intracellular ROS, apoptosis, and autophagosomes, and these increases were robustly prevented by PK2. In addition, high glucose/high palmitic acid remarkably suppressed PK2, PKR1, and PKR2 expression and p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios, and these effects were significantly prevented by PK2. Moreover, an AKT1/2 kinase inhibitor (AKT inhibitor, 10 μM) blocked the effects of PK2 on the changes in cardiomyocyte exposure to high glucose/high palmitic acid. These results suggest that PK2 attenuates high glucose/high palmitic acid-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and autophagosome accumulation and that this protective effect is most likely mediated by the AKT-related signalling pathway.
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