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Huang Z, Iqbal Z, Zhao Z, Chen X, Mahmmod A, Liu J, Li W, Deng Z. TMEM16 proteins: Ca 2+‑activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases as potential drug targets (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:81. [PMID: 39092585 PMCID: PMC11315658 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TMEM16 proteins, which function as Ca2+‑activated Cl‑ channels are involved in regulating a wide variety of cellular pathways and functions. The modulators of Cl‑ channels can be used for the molecule‑based treatment of respiratory diseases, cystic fibrosis, tumors, cancer, osteoporosis and coronavirus disease 2019. The TMEM16 proteins link Ca2+ signaling, cellular electrical activity and lipid transport. Thus, deciphering these complex regulatory mechanisms may enable a more comprehensive understanding of the physiological functions of the TMEM16 proteins and assist in ascertaining the applicability of these proteins as potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of a range of diseases. The present review examined the structures, functions and characteristics of the different types of TMEM16 proteins, their association with the pathogenesis of various diseases and the applicability of TMEM16 modulator‑based treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Huang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ayesha Mahmmod
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab 58240, Pakistan
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wencui Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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Kanigowski D, Urban-Ciecko J. Conditioning and pseudoconditioning differently change intrinsic excitability of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae109. [PMID: 38572735 PMCID: PMC10993172 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies indicate a broad role of various classes of GABAergic interneurons in the processes related to learning. However, little is known about how the learning process affects intrinsic excitability of specific classes of interneurons in the neocortex. To determine this, we employed a simple model of conditional learning in mice where vibrissae stimulation was used as a conditioned stimulus and a tail shock as an unconditioned one. In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed an increase in intrinsic excitability of low-threshold spiking somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) in layer 4 (L4) of the somatosensory (barrel) cortex after the conditioning paradigm. In contrast, pseudoconditioning reduced intrinsic excitability of SST-LTS, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons (VIP-INs) with accommodating pattern in L4 of the barrel cortex. In general, increased intrinsic excitability was accompanied by narrowing of action potentials (APs), whereas decreased intrinsic excitability coincided with AP broadening. Altogether, these results show that both conditioning and pseudoconditioning lead to plastic changes in intrinsic excitability of GABAergic interneurons in a cell-specific manner. In this way, changes in intrinsic excitability can be perceived as a common mechanism of learning-induced plasticity in the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kanigowski
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Urban-Ciecko
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Studtmann C, Ladislav M, Safari M, Khondaker R, Chen Y, Vaughan GA, Topolski MA, Tomović E, Balík A, Swanger SA. Ventral posterolateral and ventral posteromedial thalamocortical neurons have distinct physiological properties. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1492-1507. [PMID: 37937368 PMCID: PMC11068404 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00525.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory information is propagated from the periphery to the cerebral cortex by two parallel pathways through the ventral posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) thalamus. VPL and VPM neurons receive somatosensory signals from the body and head, respectively. VPL and VPM neurons may also receive cell type-specific GABAergic input from the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. Although VPL and VPM neurons have distinct connectivity and physiological roles, differences in their functional properties remain unclear as they are often studied as one ventrobasal thalamus neuron population. Here, we directly compared synaptic and intrinsic properties of VPL and VPM neurons in C57Bl/6J mice of both sexes aged P25-P32. VPL neurons showed greater depolarization-induced spike firing and spike frequency adaptation than VPM neurons. VPL and VPM neurons fired similar numbers of spikes during hyperpolarization rebound bursts, but VPM neurons exhibited shorter burst latency compared with VPL neurons, which correlated with larger sag potential. VPM neurons had larger membrane capacitance and more complex dendritic arbors. Recordings of spontaneous and evoked synaptic transmission suggested that VPL neurons receive stronger excitatory synaptic input, whereas inhibitory synapse strength was stronger in VPM neurons. This work indicates that VPL and VPM thalamocortical neurons have distinct intrinsic and synaptic properties. The observed functional differences could have important implications for their specific physiological and pathophysiological roles within the somatosensory thalamocortical network.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study revealed that somatosensory thalamocortical neurons in the VPL and VPM have substantial differences in excitatory synaptic input and intrinsic firing properties. The distinct properties suggest that VPL and VPM neurons could process somatosensory information differently and have selective vulnerability to disease. This work improves our understanding of nucleus-specific neuron function in the thalamus and demonstrates the critical importance of studying these parallel somatosensory pathways separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh Studtmann
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Marek Ladislav
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
| | - Mona Safari
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Rabeya Khondaker
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Yang Chen
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Grace A Vaughan
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Mackenzie A Topolski
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
| | - Eni Tomović
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Balík
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
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Kern FB, Chao ZC. Short-term neuronal and synaptic plasticity act in synergy for deviance detection in spiking networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011554. [PMID: 37831721 PMCID: PMC10599548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory areas of cortex respond more strongly to infrequent stimuli when these violate previously established regularities, a phenomenon known as deviance detection (DD). Previous modeling work has mainly attempted to explain DD on the basis of synaptic plasticity. However, a large fraction of cortical neurons also exhibit firing rate adaptation, an underexplored potential mechanism. Here, we investigate DD in a spiking neuronal network model with two types of short-term plasticity, fast synaptic short-term depression (STD) and slower threshold adaptation (TA). We probe the model with an oddball stimulation paradigm and assess DD by evaluating the network responses. We find that TA is sufficient to elicit DD. It achieves this by habituating neurons near the stimulation site that respond earliest to the frequently presented standard stimulus (local fatigue), which diminishes the response and promotes the recovery (global fatigue) of the wider network. Further, we find a synergy effect between STD and TA, where they interact with each other to achieve greater DD than the sum of their individual effects. We show that this synergy is caused by the local fatigue added by STD, which inhibits the global response to the frequently presented stimulus, allowing greater recovery of TA-mediated global fatigue and making the network more responsive to the deviant stimulus. Finally, we show that the magnitude of DD strongly depends on the timescale of stimulation. We conclude that highly predictable information can be encoded in strong local fatigue, which allows greater global recovery and subsequent heightened sensitivity for DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Benjamin Kern
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zenas C. Chao
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Koh W, Kwak H, Cheong E, Lee CJ. GABA tone regulation and its cognitive functions in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:523-539. [PMID: 37495761 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter released at GABAergic synapses, mediating fast-acting phasic inhibition. Emerging lines of evidence unequivocally indicate that a small amount of extracellular GABA - GABA tone - exists in the brain and induces a tonic GABA current that controls neuronal activity on a slow timescale relative to that of phasic inhibition. Surprisingly, studies indicate that glial cells that synthesize GABA, such as astrocytes, release GABA through non-vesicular mechanisms, such as channel-mediated release, and thereby act as the source of GABA tone in the brain. In this Review, we first provide an overview of major advances in our understanding of the cell-specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of GABA synthesis, release and clearance that regulate GABA tone in various brain regions. We next examine the diverse ways in which the tonic GABA current regulates synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity through extrasynaptic GABAA-receptor-mediated mechanisms. Last, we discuss the physiological mechanisms through which tonic inhibition modulates cognitive function on a slow timescale. In this Review, we emphasize that the cognitive functions of tonic GABA current extend beyond mere inhibition, laying a foundation for future research on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of GABA tone regulation in normal and abnormal psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hankyul Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Pressey JC, de Saint-Rome M, Raveendran VA, Woodin MA. Chloride transporters controlling neuronal excitability. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1095-1135. [PMID: 36302178 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inhibition plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability, which is the foundation of nervous system function. This inhibition is largely mediated by the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine that activate Cl--permeable ion channels, which means that the strength of inhibition depends on the Cl- gradient across the membrane. In neurons, the Cl- gradient is primarily mediated by two secondarily active cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs), NKCC1 and KCC2. CCC-mediated regulation of the neuronal Cl- gradient is critical for healthy brain function, as dysregulation of CCCs has emerged as a key mechanism underlying neurological disorders including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and autism spectrum disorder. This review begins with an overview of neuronal chloride transporters before explaining the dependent relationship between these CCCs, Cl- regulation, and inhibitory synaptic transmission. We then discuss the evidence for how CCCs can be regulated, including by activity and their protein interactions, which underlie inhibitory synaptic plasticity. For readers who may be interested in conducting experiments on CCCs and neuronal excitability, we have included a section on techniques for estimating and recording intracellular Cl-, including their advantages and limitations. Although the focus of this review is on neurons, we also examine how Cl- is regulated in glial cells, which in turn regulate neuronal excitability through the tight relationship between this nonneuronal cell type and synapses. Finally, we discuss the relatively extensive and growing literature on how CCC-mediated neuronal excitability contributes to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Pressey
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miranda de Saint-Rome
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vineeth A Raveendran
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie A Woodin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kaisey M, Lashgari G, Fert-Bober J, Ontaneda D, Solomon AJ, Sicotte NL. An Update on Diagnostic Laboratory Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:675-688. [PMID: 36269540 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For many patients, the multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic process can be lengthy, costly, and fraught with error. Recent research aims to address the unmet need for an accurate and simple diagnostic process through discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent studies on MS diagnostic fluid biomarkers, with a focus on blood biomarkers, and includes discussion of technical limitations and practical applicability. RECENT FINDINGS This line of research is in its early days. Accurate and easily obtainable biomarkers for MS have not yet been identified and validated, but several approaches to uncover them are underway. Continue efforts to define laboratory diagnostic biomarkers are likely to play an increasingly important role in defining MS at the earliest stages, leading to better long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Kaisey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Ghazal Lashgari
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. U10 Mellen Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew J Solomon
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont University Health Center, Arnold 2, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Nancy L Sicotte
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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Zhao S, Liu D, Liu M, Luo X, Yuan Y. Theoretical analysis of effects of transcranial magneto-acoustical stimulation on neuronal spike-frequency adaptation. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:26. [PMID: 35501687 PMCID: PMC9063290 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magneto-acoustical stimulation (TMAS) is a noninvasive technique that has advantages in spatial resolution and penetration depth. It changes the firing properties of neurons through the current generated by focused ultrasound and a static magnetic field. Spike-frequency adaptation is an important dynamic characteristic of neural information processing. METHODS To address the effects of TMAS on neural spike-frequency adaptation, this study employs some ultrasound and magnetic field parameters, such as magnetic flux density, ultrasonic intensity, fundamental ultrasonic frequency, modulation frequency, and duty cycle. Using these different ultrasound and magnetic field parameters, membrane potential curves, spike-frequency curves, and adapted onset spike-frequency curves are exhibited and analyzed. RESULTS The results show that spike-frequency adaptation is strongly dependent on ultrasonic intensity and magnetic flux density and is rarely affected by other parameters. However, modulation frequency and duty cycle influence membrane potentials and spike frequencies to some degree. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the mechanism of the effects of TMAS on neural spike-frequency adaptation and serves as theoretical guidance for TMAS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Minzhuang Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Luo
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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Activation of Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels Suppresses Inherited Seizure Susceptibility in Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020449. [PMID: 35203658 PMCID: PMC8962295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited seizure susceptibility in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-3s) is associated with increased voltage-gated calcium channel currents suggesting a massive calcium influx resulting in increased levels of intraneuronal calcium. Cytosolic calcium, in turn, activates many processes, including chloride channels, to restore normal membrane excitability and limit repetitive firing of the neurons. Here we used EACT and T16Ainh-A01, potent activator and inhibitor of calcium-activated channels transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), respectively, to probe the role of these channels in the pathophysiology of acoustically evoked seizures in the GEPR-3s. We used adult male and female GEPR-3s. Acoustically evoked seizures consisted of wild running seizures (WRSs) that evolved into generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) and eventually culminated into forelimb extension (partial tonic seizures). We found that acute EACT treatment at relatively higher tested doses significantly reduced the incidences of WRSs and GTCSs, and the seizure severity in male GEPR-3s. Furthermore, these antiseizure effects were associated with delayed seizure onset and reduced seizure duration. Interestingly, the inhibition of TMEM16A channels reversed EACT’s antiseizure effects on seizure latency and seizure duration. No notable antiseizure effects were observed in female GEPR-3s. Together, these findings suggest that activation of TMEM16A channels may represent a putative novel cellular mechanism for suppressing GTCSs.
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Polymodal Control of TMEM16x Channels and Scramblases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031580. [PMID: 35163502 PMCID: PMC8835819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMEM16A/anoctamin-1 calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) contributes to a range of vital functions, such as the control of vascular tone and epithelial ion transport. The channel is a founding member of a family of 10 proteins (TMEM16x) with varied functions; some members (i.e., TMEM16A and TMEM16B) serve as CaCCs, while others are lipid scramblases, combine channel and scramblase function, or perform additional cellular roles. TMEM16x proteins are typically activated by agonist-induced Ca2+ release evoked by Gq-protein-coupled receptor (GqPCR) activation; thus, TMEM16x proteins link Ca2+-signalling with cell electrical activity and/or lipid transport. Recent studies demonstrate that a range of other cellular factors—including plasmalemmal lipids, pH, hypoxia, ATP and auxiliary proteins—also control the activity of the TMEM16A channel and its paralogues, suggesting that the TMEM16x proteins are effectively polymodal sensors of cellular homeostasis. Here, we review the molecular pathophysiology, structural biology, and mechanisms of regulation of TMEM16x proteins by multiple cellular factors.
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11
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Correlation of Electrophysiological and Gene Transcriptional Dysfunctions in Single Cortical Parvalbumin Neurons After Noise Trauma. Neuroscience 2021; 482:87-99. [PMID: 34902495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in the sensory cortex form powerful inhibitory synapses on the perisomatic compartments and axon initial segments of excitatory principal neurons (PNs), and perform diverse computational functions. Impaired PV+ interneuron functions have been reported in neural developmental and degenerative disorders. Expression of the unique marker parvalbumin (PV) is often used as a proxy of PV+ interneuron functions. However, it is not entirely clear how PV expression is correlated with PV+ interneuron properties such as spike firing and synaptic transmission. To address this question, we characterized electrophysiological properties of PV+ interneurons in the primary auditory cortex (AI) using whole-cell patch clamp recording, and analyzed the expression of several genes in samples collected from single neurons using the patch pipettes. We found that, after noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), the spike frequency adaptation increased, and the expression of PV, glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and Shaw-like potassium channel (KV3.1) decreased in PV+ neurons. In samples prepared from the auditory cortical tissue, the mRNA levels of the target genes were all pairwise correlated. At the single neuron level, however, the expression of PV was significantly correlated with the expression of GAD67, but not KV3.1, maximal spike frequency, or spike frequency adaptation. The expression of KV3.1 was correlated with spike frequency adaptation, but not with the expression of GAD67. These results suggest separate transcriptional regulations of PV/GAD67 vs. KV3.1, both of which are modulated by NIHL.
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12
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Zhu M, Yan Y, Cao X, Zeng F, Xu G, Shen W, Li F, Luo L, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, Liu T. Electrophysiological and Morphological Features of Rebound Depolarization Characterized Interneurons in Rat Superficial Spinal Dorsal Horn. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:736879. [PMID: 34621158 PMCID: PMC8490703 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.736879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons, which are located in the spinal dorsal horn (lamina II), have been identified as the “central gate” for the transmission and modulation of nociceptive information. Rebound depolarization (RD), a biophysical property mediated by membrane hyperpolarization that is frequently recorded in the central nervous system, contributes to shaping neuronal intrinsic excitability and, in turn, contributes to neuronal output and network function. However, the electrophysiological and morphological properties of SG neurons exhibiting RD remain unclarified. In this study, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on SG neurons from parasagittal spinal cord slices. RD was detected in 44.44% (84 out of 189) of the SG neurons recorded. We found that RD-expressing neurons had more depolarized resting membrane potentials, more hyperpolarized action potential (AP) thresholds, higher AP amplitudes, shorter AP durations, and higher spike frequencies in response to depolarizing current injection than neurons without RD. Based on their firing patterns and morphological characteristics, we propose that most of the SG neurons with RD mainly displayed tonic firing (69.05%) and corresponded to islet cell morphology (58.82%). Meanwhile, subthreshold currents, including the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) and T-type calcium current (IT), were identified in SG neurons with RD. Blockage of Ih delayed the onset of the first spike in RD, while abolishment of IT significantly blunted the amplitude of RD. Regarding synaptic inputs, SG neurons with RD showed lower frequencies in both spontaneous and miniature excitatory synaptic currents. Furthermore, RD-expressing neurons received either Aδ- or C-afferent-mediated monosynaptic and polysynaptic inputs. However, RD-lacking neurons received afferents from monosynaptic and polysynaptic Aδ fibers and predominantly polysynaptic C-fibers. These findings demonstrate that SG neurons with RD have a specific cell-type distribution, and may differentially process somatosensory information compared to those without RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengye Zhu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuezhong Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Luo
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuexue Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Daying Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang K. The Ca 2+-activated chloride channel ANO1/TMEM16A: An emerging therapeutic target for epithelium-originated diseases? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1412-1433. [PMID: 34221860 PMCID: PMC8245819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) or TMEM16A gene encodes a member of Ca2+ activated Cl– channels (CaCCs) that are critical for physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion, smooth muscle contraction and sensory signal transduction. The attraction and interest in ANO1/TMEM16A arise from a decade long investigations that abnormal expression or dysfunction of ANO1 is involved in many pathological phenotypes and diseases, including asthma, neuropathic pain, hypertension and cancer. However, the lack of specific modulators of ANO1 has impeded the efforts to validate ANO1 as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the recent progress made in understanding of the pathophysiological functions of CaCC ANO1 and the current modulators used as pharmacological tools, hopefully illustrating a broad spectrum of ANO1 channelopathy and a path forward for this target validation.
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Key Words
- ANO1
- ANO1, anoctamin-1
- ASM, airway smooth muscle
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CAMK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Ca2+-activated Cl– channels (CaCCs)
- CaCCinh-A01
- CaCCs, Ca2+ activated chloride channels
- Cancer
- Cystic fibrosis
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- Drug target
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ENaC, epithelial sodium channels
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FRT, fisher rat thyroid
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- ICC, interstitial cells of Cajal
- IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PAR2, protease activated receptor 2
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- T16Ainh-A01
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TMEM16A
- VGCC, voltage gated calcium channel
- VRAC, volume regulated anion channel
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Corresponding authors.
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14
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Auer F, Franco Taveras E, Klein U, Kesenheimer C, Fleischhauer D, Möhrlen F, Frings S. Anoctamin 2-chloride channels reduce simple spike activity and mediate inhibition at elevated calcium concentration in cerebellar Purkinje cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247801. [PMID: 33651839 PMCID: PMC7924762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of neuronal excitability is a prominent way of shaping the activity of neuronal networks. Recent studies highlight the role of calcium-activated chloride currents in this context, as they can both increase or decrease excitability. The calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 2 (ANO2 alias TMEM16B) has been described in several regions of the mouse brain, including the olivo-cerebellar system. In inferior olivary neurons, ANO2 was proposed to increase excitability by facilitating the generation of high-threshold calcium spikes. An expression of ANO2 in cerebellar Purkinje cells was suggested, but its role in these neurons remains unclear. In the present study, we confirmed the expression of Ano2 mRNA in Purkinje cells and performed electrophysiological recordings to examine the influence of ANO2-chloride channels on the excitability of Purkinje cells by comparing wildtype mice to mice lacking ANO2. Recordings were performed in acute cerebellar slices of adult mice, which provided the possibility to study the role of ANO2 within the cerebellar cortex. Purkinje cells were uncoupled from climbing fiber input to assess specifically the effect of ANO2 channels on Purkinje cell activity. We identified an attenuating effect of ANO2-mediated chloride currents on the instantaneous simple spike activity both during strong current injections and during current injections close to the simple spike threshold. Moreover, we report a reduction of inhibitory currents from GABAergic interneurons upon depolarization, lasting for several seconds. Together with the role of ANO2-chloride channels in inferior olivary neurons, our data extend the evidence for a role of chloride-dependent modulation in the olivo-cerebellar system that might be important for proper cerebellum-dependent motor coordination and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Auer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliana Franco Taveras
- Department of Animal Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uli Klein
- Department of Animal Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Céline Kesenheimer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dana Fleischhauer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Möhrlen
- Department of Animal Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Frings
- Department of Animal Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Grigoriev VV. [Calcium-activated chloride channels: structure, properties, role in physiological and pathological processes]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:17-33. [PMID: 33645519 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216701017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-activated chloride channels (CaCC) are a class of intracellular calcium activated chloride channels that mediate numerous physiological functions. In 2008, the molecular structure of CaCC was determined. CaCC are formed by the protein known as anoctamine 1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A). CaCC mediates the secretion of Cl- in secretory epithelia, such as the airways, salivary glands, intestines, renal tubules, and sweat glands. The presence of CaCC has also been recognized in the vascular muscles, smooth muscles of the respiratory tract, which control vascular tone and hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract. TMEM16A is activated in many cancers; it is believed that TMEM16A is involved in carcinogenesis. TMEM16A is also involved in cancer cells proliferation. The role of TMEM16A in the mechanisms of hypertension, asthma, cystic fibrosis, nociception, and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract has been determined. In addition to TMEM16A, its isoforms are involved in other physiological and pathophysiological processes. TMEM16B (or ANO2) is involved in the sense of smell, while ANO6 works like scramblase, and its mutation causes a rare bleeding disorder, known as Scott syndrome. ANO5 is associated with muscle and bone diseases. TMEM16A interacts with various cellular signaling pathways including: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), calmodulin (CaM) kinases, transforming growth factor TGF-β. The review summarizes existing information on known natural and synthetic compounds that can block/modulate CaCC currents and their effect on some pathologies in which CaCC is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Changes in Excitability Properties of Ventromedial Motor Thalamic Neurons in 6-OHDA Lesioned Mice. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0436-20.2021. [PMID: 33509950 PMCID: PMC7920540 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0436-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of basal ganglia input receiving motor thalamus (BGMT) makes a critical impact on motor cortical processing, but modification in BGMT processing with Parkinsonian conditions has not be investigated at the cellular level. Such changes may well be expected because of homeostatic regulation of neural excitability in the presence of altered synaptic drive with dopamine depletion. We addressed this question by comparing BGMT properties in brain slice recordings between control and unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA)-treated adult mice. At a minimum of one month after 6-OHDA treatment, BGMT neurons showed a highly significant increase in intrinsic excitability, which was primarily because of a decrease in M-type potassium current. BGMT neurons after 6-OHDA treatment also showed an increase in T-type calcium rebound spikes following hyperpolarizing current steps. Biophysical computer modeling of a thalamic neuron demonstrated that an increase in rebound spiking can also be accounted for by a decrease in the M-type potassium current. Modeling also showed that an increase in sag with hyperpolarizing steps found after 6-OHDA treatment could in part but not fully be accounted for by the decrease in M-type current. These findings support the hypothesis that homeostatic changes in BGMT neural properties following 6-OHDA treatment likely influence the signal processing taking place in the BG thalamocortical network in Parkinson’s disease.
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17
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Akita T, Fukuda A. Intracellular Cl - dysregulation causing and caused by pathogenic neuronal activity. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:977-987. [PMID: 32300887 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) is tightly regulated in brain neurons for stabilizing brain performance. The [Cl-]i in mature neurons is determined by the balance between the rate of Cl- extrusion mainly mediated by the neuron-specific type 2 K+-Cl- cotransporter (KCC2) and the rate of Cl- entry through various Cl- channels including GABAA receptors during neuronal activity. Disturbance of the balance causes instability of brain circuit performance and may lead to epileptic seizures. In the first part of this review, we discuss how genetic alterations in KCC2 in humans cause infantile migrating focal seizures, based on our previous report and others. Depolarization of the membrane potential increases the driving force for Cl- entry into neurons. Thus, the duration of action potential spike generation and the frequency of excitatory synaptic inputs are the crucial factors for determining the total amount of Cl- entry and the equilibrium [Cl-]i in neurons. Moreover, there is also a significant interdependence between the neuronal activity and the KCC2 expression. In the second part, we discuss plausible mechanisms by which excessive neuronal activity due to excitotoxic brain insults or other epilepsy-associated gene mutations may cause the Cl- imbalance in neurons and lead to epileptic discharges over the brain, using the schematic "unifying foci" model based on literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenpei Akita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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18
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Van Hook MJ. Temperature effects on synaptic transmission and neuronal function in the visual thalamus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232451. [PMID: 32353050 PMCID: PMC7192487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neuronal properties including the synaptic vesicle release process, neurotransmitter receptor complement, and postsynaptic ion channels are involved in transforming synaptic inputs into postsynaptic spiking. Temperature is a significant influencer of neuronal function and synaptic integration. Changing temperature can affect neuronal physiology in a diversity of ways depending on how it affects different members of the cell’s ion channel complement. Temperature’s effects on neuronal function are critical for pathological states such as fever, which can trigger seizure activity, but are also important in interpreting and comparing results of experiments conducted at room vs physiological temperature. The goal of this study was to examine the influence of temperature on synaptic properties and ion channel function in thalamocortical (TC) relay neurons in acute brain slices of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, a key synaptic target of retinal ganglion cells in the thalamus. Warming the superfusate in patch clamp experiments with acutely-prepared brain slices led to an overall inhibition of synaptically-driven spiking behavior in TC neurons in response to a retinal ganglion cell spike train. Further study revealed that this was associated with an increase in presynaptic synaptic vesicle release probability and synaptic depression and altered passive and active membrane properties. Additionally, warming the superfusate triggered activation of an inwardly rectifying potassium current and altered the voltage-dependence of voltage-gated Na+ currents and T-type calcium currents. This study highlights the importance of careful temperature control in ex vivo physiological experiments and illustrates how numerous properties such as synaptic inputs, active conductances, and passive membrane properties converge to determine spike output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Van Hook
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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19
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Paik SS, Park YS, Kim IB. Calcium- and Voltage-Dependent Dual Gating ANO1 is an Intrinsic Determinant of Repolarization in Rod Bipolar Cells of the Mouse Retina. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030543. [PMID: 32110998 PMCID: PMC7140511 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A/anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride (Cl-) channel, has many functions in various excitable cells and modulates excitability in both Ca2+- and voltage-gating modes. However, its gating characteristics and role in primary neural cells remain unclear. Here, we characterized its Ca2+- and voltage-dependent components in rod bipolar cells using dissociated and slice preparations of the mouse retina. The I-V curves of Ca2+-dependent ANO1 tail current and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) are similar; as ANO1 is blocked by VGCC inhibitors, ANO1 may be gated by Ca2+ influx through VGCC. The voltage-dependent component of ANO1 has outward rectifying and sustained characteristics and is clearly isolated by the inhibitory effect of Cl- reduction and T16Ainh-A01, a selective ANO1 inhibitor, in high EGTA, a Ca2+ chelator. The voltage-dependent component disappears due to VGCC inhibition, suggesting that Ca2+ is the essential trigger for ANO1. In perforated current-clamping method, the application of T16Ainh-A01 and reduction of Cl- extended excitation periods in rod bipolar cells, revealing that ANO1 induces repolarization during excitation. Overall, ANO1 opens by VGCC activation during physiological excitation of the rod bipolar cell and has a voltage-dependent component. These two gating-modes concurrently provide the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane potential in rod bipolar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Sook Paik
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 100744, Korea; (S.-S.P.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 100744, Korea; (S.-S.P.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 100744, Korea; (S.-S.P.); (Y.S.P.)
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 100744, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-7263; Fax: +82-2-536-3110
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20
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Cho C, Lee S, Kim A, Yarishkin O, Ryoo K, Lee Y, Jung H, Yang E, Lee DY, Lee B, Kim H, Oh U, Im H, Hwang EM, Park J. TMEM16A expression in cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula mediates anxiety-related behaviors. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48097. [PMID: 31782602 PMCID: PMC7001509 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, is known to modulate the excitability of various types of cells; however, its function in central neurons is largely unknown. Here, we show the specific expression of TMEM16A in the medial habenula (mHb) via RNAscope in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology. When TMEM16A is ablated in the mHb cholinergic neurons (TMEM16A cKO mice), the slope of after-hyperpolarization of spontaneous action potentials decreases and the firing frequency is reduced. Reduced mHb activity also decreases the activity of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Moreover, TMEM16A cKO mice display anxiogenic behaviors and deficits in social interaction without despair-like phenotypes or cognitive dysfunctions. Finally, chemogenetic inhibition of mHb cholinergic neurons using the DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) approach reveals similar behavioral phenotypes to those of TMEM16A cKO mice. We conclude that TMEM16A plays a key role in anxiety-related behaviors regulated by mHb cholinergic neurons and could be a potential therapeutic target against anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Hoon Cho
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sangjoon Lee
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of DementiaKISTSeoulKorea
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Center for NeuroscienceBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulKorea
| | - Ajung Kim
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
- KHU‐KIST Department of Converging Science and TechnologyGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Kanghyun Ryoo
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Young‐Sun Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyun‐Gug Jung
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of AnatomyCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
| | - Byeongjun Lee
- Sensory Research CenterCRIBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of AnatomyCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Uhtaek Oh
- Sensory Research CenterCRIBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Heh‐In Im
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of DementiaKISTSeoulKorea
- Center for NeuroscienceBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulKorea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
- KHU‐KIST Department of Converging Science and TechnologyGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Jae‐Yong Park
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
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21
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Spinal Motoneuron TMEM16F Acts at C-boutons to Modulate Motor Resistance and Contributes to ALS Pathogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2581-2593.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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22
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Chung K, Ullah I, Kim N, Lim J, Shin J, Lee SC, Jeon S, Kim SH, Kumar P, Lee SK. Intranasal delivery of cancer-targeting doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles arrests glioblastoma growth. J Drug Target 2020; 28:617-626. [PMID: 31852284 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1706095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumour and treatment is very challenging. Despite the recent advances in drug delivery systems, various approaches that allow sufficient deposition of anti-cancer drugs within the brain remain unsuccessful due to limited drug delivery throughout the brain. In this study, we utilised an intranasal (IN) approach to allow delivery of anti-cancer drug, encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (NPs). PLGA NPs were modified with the RGD ligand to enable Avβ3 expressing tumour-specific delivery. IN delivery of RGD-conjugated-doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded-PLGA-nanoparticles (RGD-DOX-NP) showed cancer-specific delivery of NP and inhibition of brain tumour growth compared to the free-DOX or non-modified DOX-NP in the C6-implanted GBM model. Further, IN treatment with RGD-DOX-NP induces apoptosis in the tumour region without affecting normal brain cells. Our study provides therapeutic evidence to treat GBM using a non-invasive IN approach, which may further be translated to other brain-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunho Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nahyeon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Bioepis, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jaeyeoung Lim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Celltrion, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jungah Shin
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutics, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangah C Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Park S, Sohn JW, Cho J, Huh Y. A Computational Modeling Reveals That Strength of Inhibitory Input, E/I Balance, and Distance of Excitatory Input Modulate Thalamocortical Bursting Properties. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:568-577. [PMID: 31698549 PMCID: PMC6844838 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.5.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is a brain structure known to modulate sensory information before relaying to the cortex. The unique ability of a thalamocortical (TC) neuron to switch between the high frequency burst firing and single spike tonic firing has been implicated to have a key role in sensory modulation including pain. Of the two firing modes, burst firing, especially maintaining certain burst firing properties, was suggested to be critical in controlling nociceptive behaviors. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence burst firing properties would offer important insight into understanding sensory modulation. Using computational modeling, we investigated how the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs into a TC neuron influence TC bursting properties. We found that intensity of inhibitory inputs and the timing of excitatory input delivery control the dynamics of bursting properties. Then, to reflect a more realistic model, excitatory inputs delivered at different dendritic locations—proximal, intermediate, or distal—of a TC neuron were also investigated. Interestingly, excitatory input delivered into a distal dendrite, despite the furthest distance, had the strongest influence in shaping burst firing properties, suggesting that not all inputs equally contribute to modulating TC bursting properties. Overall, the results provide computational insights in understanding the detailed mechanism of the factors influencing temporal pattern of thalamic bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggeon Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.,Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Yeowool Huh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea
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24
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Hyuga S, Danielsson J, Vink J, Fu XW, Wapner R, Gallos G. Functional comparison of anoctamin 1 antagonists on human uterine smooth muscle contractility and excitability. J Smooth Muscle Res 2019; 54:28-42. [PMID: 29937453 PMCID: PMC6013749 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.54.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre-term birth is a major health care challenge
throughout the world, and preterm labor represents a potentially reversible
component of this problem. Current tocolytics do not improve preterm labor
beyond 48 h. We have previously shown that anoctamin 1 (ANO1) channel blockade
results in relaxation of pre-contracted human uterine smooth muscle (USM). Three
drug classes with reported medicinal effects in humans also have members with
ANO1 antagonism. In this study, we compared the ability of representatives from
these 3 classes to reduce human USM contractility and excitability.
Objective: This study sought to examine the comparative potency
of 3 ANO1 antagonists on pregnant human USM relaxation, contraction frequency
reduction, inhibition of intracellular calcium release and membrane
hyperpolarization. Methods: Experiments were performed using: 1)
Ex vivo organ bath (human pregnant tissue), 2)
Oxytocin-induced calcium flux (in vitro human USM cells) and 3)
Membrane potential assay (in vitro human USM cells).
Results: Benzbromarone (BB) demonstrated the greatest potency
among the compounds tested with respect to force, frequency inhibition, reducing
calcium elevation and depolarizing membrane potential. Conclusion:
While all 3 ANO1 antagonists attenuate pregnant human uterine tissue
contractility and excitability, BB is the most potent tocolytic drug. Our
findings may serve as a foundation for future structure-function analyses for
novel tocolytic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hyuga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer Danielsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Joy Vink
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiao Wen Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ronald Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - George Gallos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Spinal DN-9, a Peptidic Multifunctional Opioid/Neuropeptide FF Agonist Produced Potent Nontolerance Forming Analgesia With Limited Side Effects. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:477-493. [PMID: 31521796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of multitarget opioid drugs has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy to eliminate opioid-related side effects. Our previous study developed a series of opioid and neuropeptide FF pharmacophore-containing chimeric peptides, including DN-9 (Tyr-D.Ala-Gly-NMe.Phe-Gly-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2), which produced potent nontolerance forming analgesia at the supraspinal level. In the present study, the antinociceptive effects of DN-9 in a series of preclinical pain models and the potential side-effects were investigated at the spinal level in mice. In the tail-flick test, intrathecal injection of DN-9 produced potent analgesia with an ED50 value at 1.33 pmol, and the spinal antinociception of DN-9 was mainly mediated by μ- and κ-opioid receptors. In addition, DN-9-induced spinal antinociception was augmented by the neuropeptide FF receptors antagonist. Furthermore, DN-9 could decrease both the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs in lamina IIo neurons of the spinal cord, which were mediated by opioid receptors. In contrast to morphine, chronic intrathecal treatments with DN-9 did not induce analgesic tolerance, c-Fos expression or microglial activation. Intrathecal injection of DN-9 showed potent analgesia with antinociceptive ED50 values between .66 and 55.04 pmol in different pain models, including the formalin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. Moreover, DN-9 did not show side effects in locomotor function and coordination, gastrointestinal transit inhibition, the cardiovascular system, and body temperature regulation at antinociceptive doses. Taken together, the present study showed DN-9 produced effective, nontolerance forming analgesia with reduced side effects at the spinal level. DN-9 might be a promising compound for developing multifunctional opioid analgesics with limited adverse effects. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the potent and nontolerance forming analgesia effects of DN-9 in a series of preclinical pain models with less opioid related adverse effects at the spinal level in mice. This study also demonstrates that DN-9 has translational potential into an intrathecal analgesic.
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Li KX, He M, Ye W, Simms J, Gill M, Xiang X, Jan YN, Jan LY. TMEM16B regulates anxiety-related behavior and GABAergic neuronal signaling in the central lateral amygdala. eLife 2019; 8:47106. [PMID: 31482844 PMCID: PMC6746550 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16B (ANO2) is the Ca2+-activated chloride channel expressed in multiple brain regions, including the amygdala. Here we report that Ano2 knockout mice exhibit impaired anxiety-related behaviors and context-independent fear memory, thus implicating TMEM16B in anxiety modulation. We found that TMEM16B is expressed in somatostatin-positive (SOM+) GABAergic neurons of the central lateral amygdala (CeL), and its activity modulates action potential duration and inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC). We further provide evidence for TMEM16B actions not only in the soma but also in the presynaptic nerve terminals of GABAergic neurons. Our study reveals an intriguing role for TMEM16B in context-independent but not context-dependent fear memory, and supports the notion that dysfunction of the amygdala contributes to anxiety-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Mu He
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Wenlei Ye
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jeffrey Simms
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xuaner Xiang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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27
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TMEM16B Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels Regulate Action Potential Firing in Lateral Septum and Aggression in Male Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7102-7117. [PMID: 31320449 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3137-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) plays an important role in regulating aggression. It is well recognized that LS lesions lead to a dramatic increase in aggressive behaviors. A better understanding of LS neurophysiology and its functional output is therefore important to assess LS involvement in regulating aggression. The LS is a heterogeneous structure that maintains inputs and outputs with multiple brain regions, and is also divided into subregions that innervate one another. Thus, it is challenging to identify the exact cell type and projections for characterization. In this study, we determined the expression pattern of the calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16B, in the LS of both male and female mice. We then investigated the physiological contribution of the calcium-activated chloride channel to LS neuronal signaling. By performing whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we showed that TMEM16B alters neurotransmitter release at the hippocampal-LS synapse, and regulates spike frequency and spike frequency adaptation in subpopulations of LS neurons. We further demonstrated that loss of TMEM16B function promotes lengthened displays of aggressive behaviors by male mice during the resident intruder paradigm. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TMEM16B function contributes to neuronal excitability in subpopulations of LS neurons and the regulation of aggression in male mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Aggression is a behavior that arose evolutionarily from the necessity to compete for limited resources and survival. One particular brain region involved in aggression is the lateral septum (LS). In this study, we characterized the expression of the TMEM16B calcium-activated chloride channel in the LS and showed that TMEM16B regulates the action potential firing frequency of LS neurons. We discovered that loss of TMEM16B function lengthens the displays of aggressive behaviors in male mice. These findings suggest that TMEM16B plays an important role in regulating LS neuronal excitability and behaviors associated with LS function, thereby contributing to our understanding of how the LS may regulate aggression.
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29
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Seo Y, Kim J, Chang J, Kim SS, Namkung W, Kim I. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel Ani9 derivatives as potent and selective ANO1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:245-255. [PMID: 30347323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, is highly expressed and amplified in a number of carcinomas including breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Downregulation of ANO1 expression and function significantly inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cell lines. Development of potent and selective ANO1 inhibitors is currently desirable, which may provide a new strategy for cancer treatment. Our previous study revealed a new class of ANO1 inhibitor, (E)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N'-(2-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide (Ani9) and structural optimization via chemical modification of Ani9 basic skeleton was undertaken for the development of more potent and specific inhibitors of ANO1. Structure-activity relationship studies with newly synthesized derivatives revealed a number of potent ANO1 inhibitors, among which 5f is the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 22 nM. The selectivity analyses showed that 5f has excellent selectivity to ANO1 (>1000-fold over ANO2). In cellular assays, 5f significantly inhibited cell proliferation of PC3, MCF7, and BxPC3 cells expressing high levels of ANO1. In addition, 5f strongly reduced the protein levels of ANO1 in PC3 cells. This study will be useful in the development of ANO1 inhibitors for treatment of cancer and other ANO1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwang Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Neureither F, Ziegler K, Pitzer C, Frings S, Möhrlen F. Impaired Motor Coordination and Learning in Mice Lacking Anoctamin 2 Calcium-Gated Chloride Channels. THE CEREBELLUM 2018; 16:929-937. [PMID: 28536821 PMCID: PMC5717130 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurons communicate through excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Both lines of communication are adjustable and allow the fine tuning of signal exchange required for learning processes in neural networks. Several distinct modes of plasticity modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex to promote motor control and learning. In the present paper, we present evidence for a role of short-term ionic plasticity in the cerebellar circuit activity. This type of plasticity results from altered chloride driving forces at the synapses that molecular layer interneurons form on Purkinje cell dendrites. Previous studies have provided evidence for transiently diminished chloride gradients at these GABAergic synapses following climbing fiber activity. Electrical stimulation of climbing fibers in acute slices caused a decline of inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded from Purkinje cells. Dendritic calcium-gated chloride channels of the type anoctamin 2 (ANO2) were proposed to mediate this short-term modulation of inhibition, but the significance of this process for motor control has not been established yet. Here, we report results of behavioral studies obtained from Ano2−/− mice, a mouse line that was previously shown to lack this particular mode of ionic plasticity. The animals display motor coordination deficits that constitute a condition of mild ataxia. Moreover, motor learning is severely impaired in Ano2−/− mice, suggesting cerebellar dysfunction. This reduced motor performance of Ano2−/− mice highlights the significance of inhibitory control for cerebellar function and introduces calcium-dependent short-term ionic plasticity as an efficient control mechanism for neural inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Neureither
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Ziegler
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core (INBC), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Frings
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Möhrlen
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Zak JD, Grimaud J, Li RC, Lin CC, Murthy VN. Calcium-activated chloride channels clamp odor-evoked spike activity in olfactory receptor neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10600. [PMID: 30006552 PMCID: PMC6045664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-2 (Ano2) is thought to amplify transduction currents in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), a hypothesis supported by previous studies in dissociated neurons from Ano2−/− mice. Paradoxically, despite a reduction in transduction currents in Ano2−/− ORNs, their spike output for odor stimuli may be higher. We examined the role of Ano2 in ORNs in their native environment in freely breathing mice by imaging activity in ORN axons as they arrive in the olfactory bulb glomeruli. Odor-evoked responses in ORN axons of Ano2−/− animals were consistently larger for a variety of odorants and concentrations. In an open arena, Ano2−/− animals took longer to approach a localized odor source than Ano2+/+ animals, revealing clear olfactory behavioral deficits. Our studies provide the first in vivo evidence toward an alternative or additional role for Ano2 in the olfactory transduction cascade, where it may serve as a feedback mechanism to clamp ORN spike output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Zak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Julien Grimaud
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Molecules, Cells & Organisms Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Rong-Chang Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Preclinical Teaching Building Room 905A, 725 North Wolfe Street, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Preclinical Teaching Building Room 905A, 725 North Wolfe Street, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
| | - Venkatesh N Murthy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Huh Y, Jung D, Seo T, Sun S, Kim SH, Rhim H, Chung S, Kim CH, Kwon Y, Bikson M, Chung YA, Kim JJ, Cho J. Brain stimulation patterns emulating endogenous thalamocortical input to parvalbumin-expressing interneurons reduce nociception in mice. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1151-1160. [PMID: 29784588 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bursting pattern of thalamocortical (TC) pathway dampens nociception. Whether brain stimulation mimicking endogenous patterns can engage similar sensory gating processes in the cortex and reduce nociceptive behaviors remains uninvestigated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of cortical parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons within the TC circuit in gating nociception and their selective response to TC burst patterns. We then tested if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patterned on endogenous nociceptive TC bursting modulate nociceptive behaviors. METHODS The switching of TC neurons between tonic (single spike) and burst (high frequency spikes) firing modes may be a critical component in modulating nociceptive signals. Deep brain electrical stimulation of TC neurons and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the differential influence of each firing mode on cortical PV interneuron activity. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons assessed a direct role in nociceptive modulation. A new TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst firing patterns, contrasted with conventional continuous and intermittent theta burst protocols, tested if TMS patterned on endogenous TC activity reduces nociceptive behaviors in mice. RESULTS Immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that burst, but not tonic, deep brain stimulation of TC neurons increased the activity of PV interneurons in the cortex. Both optogenetic activation of PV interneurons and TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst reduced nociceptive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that burst firing of TC neurons recruits PV interneurons in the cortex to reduce nociceptive behaviors and that neuromodulation mimicking thalamic burst firing may be useful for modulating nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeowool Huh
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Dahee Jung
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taeyoon Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sukkyu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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Münch J, Billig G, Hübner CA, Leinders-Zufall T, Zufall F, Jentsch TJ. Ca 2+-activated Cl - currents in the murine vomeronasal organ enhance neuronal spiking but are dispensable for male-male aggression. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10392-10403. [PMID: 29769308 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-activated Cl- currents have been observed in many physiological processes, including sensory transduction in mammalian olfaction. The olfactory vomeronasal (or Jacobson's) organ (VNO) detects molecular cues originating from animals of the same species or from predators. It then triggers innate behaviors such as aggression, mating, or flight. In the VNO, Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) are thought to amplify the initial pheromone-evoked receptor potential by mediating a depolarizing Cl- efflux. Here, we confirmed the co-localization of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channels anoctamin 1 (Ano1, also called TMEM16A) and Ano2 (TMEM16B) in microvilli of apically and basally located vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) and their absence in supporting cells of the VNO. Both channels were expressed as functional isoforms capable of giving rise to Ca2+-activated Cl- currents. Although these currents persisted in the VNOs of mice lacking Ano2, they were undetectable in olfactory neuron-specific Ano1 knockout mice irrespective of the presence of Ano2 The loss of Ca2+-activated Cl- currents resulted in diminished spontaneous and drastically reduced pheromone-evoked spiking of VSNs. Although this indicated an important role of anoctamin channels in VNO signal amplification, the lack of this amplification did not alter VNO-dependent male-male territorial aggression in olfactory Ano1/Ano2 double knockout mice. We conclude that Ano1 mediates the bulk of Ca2+-activated Cl- currents in the VNO and that Ano2 plays only a minor role. Furthermore, vomeronasal signal amplification by CaCCs appears to be dispensable for the detection of male-specific pheromones and for near-normal aggressive behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Münch
- From the Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Graduate Program, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Billig
- From the Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- the Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Frank Zufall
- the Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Thomas J Jentsch
- From the Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, D-13125 Berlin, Germany, .,the Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Martinez-Pinna J, Soriano S, Tudurí E, Nadal A, de Castro F. A Calcium-Dependent Chloride Current Increases Repetitive Firing in Mouse Sympathetic Neurons. Front Physiol 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29867553 PMCID: PMC5960682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-activated ion channels shape membrane excitability in response to elevations in intracellular Ca2+. The most extensively studied Ca2+-sensitive ion channels are Ca2+-activated K+ channels, whereas the physiological importance of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels has been poorly studied. Here we show that a Ca2+-activated Cl- currents (CaCCs) modulate repetitive firing in mouse sympathetic ganglion cells. Electrophysiological recording of mouse sympathetic neurons in an in vitro preparation of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) identifies neurons with two different firing patterns in response to long depolarizing current pulses (1 s). Neurons classified as phasic (Ph) made up 67% of the cell population whilst the remainders were tonic (T). When a high frequency train of spikes was induced by intracellular current injection, SCG sympathetic neurons reached an afterpotential mainly dependent on the ratio of activation of two Ca2+-dependent currents: the K+ [IK(Ca)] and CaCC. When the IK(Ca) was larger, an afterhyperpolarization was the predominant afterpotential but when the CaCC was larger, an afterdepolarization (ADP) was predominant. These afterpotentials can be observed after a single action potential (AP). Ph and T neurons had similar ADPs and hence, the CaCC does not seem to determine the firing pattern (Ph or T) of these neurons. However, inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels with anthracene-9'-carboxylic acid (9AC) selectively inhibits the ADP, reducing the firing frequency and the instantaneous frequency without affecting the characteristics of single- or first-spike firing of both Ph and T neurons. Furthermore, we found that the CaCC underlying the ADP was significantly larger in SCG neurons from males than from females. Furthermore, the CaCC ANO1/TMEM16A was more strongly expressed in male than in female SCGs. Blocking ADPs with 9AC did not modify synaptic transmission in either Ph or T neurons. We conclude that the CaCC responsible for ADPs increases repetitive firing in both Ph and T neurons, and it is more relevant in male mouse sympathetic ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martinez-Pinna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergi Soriano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Tudurí
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
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Rahmati N, Hoebeek FE, Peter S, De Zeeuw CI. Chloride Homeostasis in Neurons With Special Emphasis on the Olivocerebellar System: Differential Roles for Transporters and Channels. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:101. [PMID: 29765304 PMCID: PMC5938380 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraneuronal ionic composition is an important determinant of brain functioning. There is growing evidence that aberrant homeostasis of the intracellular concentration of Cl- ([Cl-]i) evokes, in addition to that of Na+ and Ca2+, robust impairments of neuronal excitability and neurotransmission and thereby neurological conditions. More specifically, understanding the mechanisms underlying regulation of [Cl-]i is crucial for deciphering the variability in GABAergic and glycinergic signaling of neurons, in both health and disease. The homeostatic level of [Cl-]i is determined by various regulatory mechanisms, including those mediated by plasma membrane Cl- channels and transporters. This review focuses on the latest advances in identification, regulation and characterization of Cl- channels and transporters that modulate neuronal excitability and cell volume. By putting special emphasis on neurons of the olivocerebellar system, we establish that Cl- channels and transporters play an indispensable role in determining their [Cl-]i and thereby their function in sensorimotor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Freek E. Hoebeek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- NIDOD Institute, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saša Peter
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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36
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Neureither F, Stowasser N, Frings S, Möhrlen F. Tracking of unfamiliar odors is facilitated by signal amplification through anoctamin 2 chloride channels in mouse olfactory receptor neurons. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/15/e13373. [PMID: 28784854 PMCID: PMC5555898 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals follow odor trails to find food, nesting sites, or mates, and they require only faint olfactory cues to do so. The performance of a tracking dog, for instance, poses the question on how the animal is able to distinguish a target odor from the complex chemical background around the trail. Current concepts of odor perception suggest that animals memorize each odor as an olfactory object, a percept that enables fast recognition of the odor and the interpretation of its valence. An open question still is how this learning process operates efficiently at the low odor concentrations that typically prevail when animals inspect an odor trail. To understand olfactory processing under these conditions, we studied the role of an amplification mechanism that boosts signal transduction at low stimulus intensities, a process mediated by calcium‐gated anoctamin 2 chloride channels. Genetically altered Ano2−/− mice, which lack these channels, display an impaired cue‐tracking behavior at low odor concentrations when challenged with an unfamiliar, but not with a familiar, odor. Moreover, recordings from the olfactory epithelium revealed that odor coding lacks sensitivity and temporal resolution in anoctamin 2‐deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that the detection of an unfamiliar, weak odor, as well as its memorization as an olfactory object, require signal amplification in olfactory receptor neurons. This process may contribute to the phenomenal tracking abilities of animals that follow odor trails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Neureither
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre of Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stowasser
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre of Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Frings
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre of Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Möhrlen
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Centre of Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Peters CJ, Gilchrist JM, Tien J, Bethel NP, Qi L, Chen T, Wang L, Jan YN, Grabe M, Jan LY. The Sixth Transmembrane Segment Is a Major Gating Component of the TMEM16A Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel. Neuron 2018; 97:1063-1077.e4. [PMID: 29478917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) formed by TMEM16A or TMEM16B are broadly expressed in the nervous system, smooth muscles, exocrine glands, and other tissues. With two calcium-binding sites and a pore within each monomer, the dimeric CaCC exhibits voltage-dependent calcium sensitivity. Channel activity also depends on the identity of permeant anions. To understand how CaCC regulates neuronal signaling and how CaCC is, in turn, modulated by neuronal activity, we examined the molecular basis of CaCC gating. Here, we report that voltage modulation of TMEM16A-CaCC involves voltage-dependent occupancy of calcium- and anion-binding site(s) within the membrane electric field as well as a voltage-dependent conformational change intrinsic to the channel protein. These gating modalities all critically depend on the sixth transmembrane segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Peters
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - John M Gilchrist
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason Tien
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Neville P Bethel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lijun Qi
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tingxu Chen
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lynn Wang
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael Grabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lily Y Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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38
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Ha GE, Cheong E. Spike Frequency Adaptation in Neurons of the Central Nervous System. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:179-185. [PMID: 28912640 PMCID: PMC5597548 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal firing patterns and frequencies determine the nature of encoded information of the neurons. Here we discuss the molecular identity and cellular mechanisms of spike-frequency adaptation in central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels such as BKCa and SKCa channels have long been known to be important mediators of spike adaptation via generation of a large afterhyperpolarization when neurons are hyper-activated. However, it has been shown that a strong hyperpolarization via these KCa channels would cease action potential generation rather than reducing the frequency of spike generation. In some types of neurons, the strong hyperpolarization is followed by oscillatory activity in these neurons. Recently, spike-frequency adaptation in thalamocortical (TC) and CA1 hippocampal neurons is shown to be mediated by the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CACC), anoctamin-2 (ANO2). Knockdown of ANO2 in these neurons results in significantly reduced spike-frequency adaptation accompanied by increased number of spikes without shifting the firing mode, which suggests that ANO2 mediates a genuine form of spike adaptation, finely tuning the frequency of spikes in these neurons. Based on the finding of a broad expression of this new class of CACC in the brain, it can be proposed that the ANO2-mediated spike-frequency adaptation may be a general mechanism to control information transmission in the CNS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Eun Ha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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39
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Paeger L, Pippow A, Hess S, Paehler M, Klein AC, Husch A, Pouzat C, Brüning JC, Kloppenburg P. Energy imbalance alters Ca 2+ handling and excitability of POMC neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28762947 PMCID: PMC5538824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Satiety-signaling, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus play a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Recent studies reported altered mitochondrial dynamics and decreased mitochondria- endoplasmic reticulum contacts in POMC neurons during diet-induced obesity. Since mitochondria play a crucial role in Ca2+ signaling, we investigated whether obesity alters Ca2+ handling of these neurons in mice. In diet-induced obesity, cellular Ca2+ handling properties including mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake capacity are impaired, and an increased resting level of free intracellular Ca2+ is accompanied by a marked decrease in neuronal excitability. Experimentally increasing or decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations reproduced electrophysiological properties observed in diet-induced obesity. Taken together, we provide the first direct evidence for a diet-dependent deterioration of Ca2+ homeostasis in POMC neurons during obesity development resulting in impaired function of these critical energy homeostasis-regulating neurons. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25641.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Paeger
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Pippow
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Hess
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz Paehler
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas C Klein
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Husch
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christophe Pouzat
- MAP5 - Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5, CNRS UMR 8145, Paris, France
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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40
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Kamaleddin MA. Molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of calcium-activated chloride channels. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:787-798. [PMID: 28121009 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are a family of anionic transmembrane ion channels. They are mainly responsible for the movement of Cl- and other anions across the biological membranes, and they are widely expressed in different tissues. Since the Cl- flow into or out of the cell plays a crucial role in hyperpolarizing or depolarizing the cells, respectively, the impact of intracellular Ca2+ concentration on these channels is attracting a lot of attentions. After summarizing the molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of CaCCs, the role of CaCCs in normal cellular functions will be discussed, and I will emphasize how dysregulation of CaCCs in pathological conditions can account for different diseases. A better understanding of CaCCs and a pivotal regulatory role of Ca2+ can shed more light on the therapeutic strategies for different neurological disorders that arise from chloride dysregulation, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Kamaleddin
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Dibattista M, Pifferi S, Boccaccio A, Menini A, Reisert J. The long tale of the calcium activated Cl - channels in olfactory transduction. Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:399-414. [PMID: 28301269 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1307489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-activated Cl- currents have been implicated in many cellular processes in different cells, but for many years, their molecular identity remained unknown. Particularly intriguing are Ca2+-activated Cl- currents in olfactory transduction, first described in the early 90s. Well characterized electrophysiologically, they carry most of the odorant-induced receptor current in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). After many attempts to determine their molecular identity, TMEM16B was found to be abundantly expressed in the cilia of OSNs in 2009 and having biophysical properties like those of the native olfactory channel. A TMEM16B knockout mouse confirmed that TMEM16B was indeed the olfactory Cl- channel but also suggested a limited role in olfactory physiology and behavior. The question then arises of what the precise role of TMEM16b in olfaction is. Here we review the long story of this channel and its possible roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dibattista
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs , University of Bari A. Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Simone Pifferi
- b Neurobiology Group, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati , Trieste , Italy
| | | | - Anna Menini
- b Neurobiology Group, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati , Trieste , Italy
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42
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Ontogenetic establishment of order-specific nuclear organization in the mammalian thalamus. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:516-528. [PMID: 28250409 PMCID: PMC5374008 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus connects the cortex with other brain regions and supports sensory perception, movement, and cognitive function via numerous distinct nuclei. However, the mechanisms underlying the development and organization of diverse thalamic nuclei remain largely unknown. Here we report an intricate ontogenetic logic of mouse thalamic structures. Individual radial glial progenitors in the developing thalamus actively divide and produce a cohort of neuronal progeny that shows striking spatial configuration and nuclear occupation related to functionality. Whereas the anterior clonal cluster displays relatively more tangential dispersion and contributes predominantly to nuclei with cognitive functions, the medial ventral posterior clonal cluster forms prominent radial arrays and contributes mostly to nuclei with sensory- or motor-related activities. Moreover, the first-order and higher-order sensory and motor nuclei across different modalities are largely segregated clonally. Notably, sonic hedgehog signaling activity influences clonal spatial distribution. Our study reveals lineage relationship to be a critical regulator of nonlaminated thalamus development and organization.
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