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Yoon D, Nam Y. A 3D neuronal network read-out interface with high recording performance using a neuronal cluster patterning on a microelectrode array. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116507. [PMID: 38905857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, in vitro three-dimensional (3D) neuronal network models utilizing extracellular matrices have been advancing. To understand the network activity from these models, attempts have been made to measure activity in multiple regions simultaneously using a microelectrode array (MEA). Although there hve been many attempts to measure the activity of 3D networks using 2-dimensional (2D) MEAs, the physical coupling between the 3D network and the microelectrodes was not stable and needed to be improved. In this study, we proposed a neuronal cluster interface that improves the active channel ratio of commercial 2D MEAs, enabling reliable measurement of 3D network activity. To achieve this, neuronal clusters, which consist of a small number of neurons, were patterned on microelectrodes and used as mediators to transmit the signal between the 3D network and the microelectrodes. We confirmed that the patterned neuronal clusters enhanced the active channel ratio and SNR(signal-to-noise-ratio) about 3D network recording and stimulation for a month. Our interface was able to functionally connect with 3D networks and measure the 3D network activity without significant alternation of activity characteristics. Finally, we demonstrated that our interface can be used to analyze the differences in the dynamics of 3D and 2D networks and to construct the 3D clustered network. This method is expected to be useful for studying the functional activity of various 3D neuronal network models, offering broad applications for the use of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjo Yoon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Oeler KJ, Blackmon RL, Kreda SM, Robinson T, Ghelardini M, Chapman BS, Tracy J, Hill DB, Oldenburg AL. In situ pulmonary mucus hydration assay using rotational and translational diffusion of gold nanorods with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:046004. [PMID: 38690122 PMCID: PMC11060333 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.4.046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance Assessing the nanostructure of polymer solutions and biofluids is broadly useful for understanding drug delivery and disease progression and for monitoring therapy. Aim Our objective is to quantify bronchial mucus solids concentration (wt. %) during hypertonic saline (HTS) treatment in vitro via nanostructurally constrained diffusion of gold nanorods (GNRs) monitored by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Approach Using PS-OCT, we quantified GNR translational (D T ) and rotational (D R ) diffusion coefficients within polyethylene oxide solutions (0 to 3 wt. %) and human bronchial epithelial cell (hBEC) mucus (0 to 6.4 wt. %). Interpolation of D T and D R data is used to develop an assay to quantify mucus concentration. The assay is demonstrated on the mucus layer of an air-liquid interface hBEC culture during HTS treatment. Results In polymer solutions and mucus, D T and D R monotonically decrease with increasing concentration. D R is more sensitive than D T to changes above 1.5 wt. % of mucus and exhibits less intrasample variability. Mucus on HTS-treated hBEC cultures exhibits dynamic mixing from cilia. A region of hard-packed mucus is revealed by D R measurements. Conclusions The extended dynamic range afforded by simultaneous measurement of D T and D R of GNRs using PS-OCT enables resolving concentration of the bronchial mucus layer over a range from healthy to disease in depth and time during HTS treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J. Oeler
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Richard L. Blackmon
- Elon University, Department of Engineering, Elon, North Carolina, United States
| | - Silvia M. Kreda
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Taylor Robinson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Melanie Ghelardini
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Brian S. Chapman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joseph Tracy
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - David B. Hill
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Amy L. Oldenburg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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3
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Chen SH, Lee YW, Kao HK, Yang PC, Chen SH, Liu SW, Yang PC, Lin YJ, Huang CC. The Transplantation of 3-Dimensional Spheroids of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Achilles Tendon Healing in Rabbits by Enhancing the Proliferation of Tenocytes and Suppressing M1 Macrophages. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:406-422. [PMID: 38193194 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231214698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendons have limited regenerative potential, so healing of ruptured tendon tissue requires a prolonged period, and the prognosis is suboptimal. Although stem cell transplantation-based approaches show promise for accelerating tendon repair, the resultant therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory. HYPOTHESIS The transplantation of stem cells preassembled as 3-dimensional spheroids achieves a superior therapeutic outcome compared with the transplantation of single-cell suspensions. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were assembled as spheroids using a methylcellulose hydrogel system. The secretome of ADSC suspensions or spheroids was collected and utilized to treat tenocytes and macrophages to evaluate their therapeutic potential and investigate the mechanisms underlying their effects. RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the global difference in gene expression between ADSC suspensions and spheroids in an in vitro inflammatory microenvironment. For the in vivo experiment, rabbits that underwent Achilles tendon transection, followed by stump suturing, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: intratendinous injection of saline, rabbit ADSCs as conventional single-cell suspensions, or preassembled ADSC spheroids. The tendons were harvested for biomechanical testing and histological analysis at 4 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS Our in vitro results demonstrated that the secretome of ADSCs assembled as spheroids exhibited enhanced modulatory activity in (1) tenocyte proliferation (P = .015) and migration (P = .001) by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and (2) the suppression of the secretion of interleukin-6 (P = .005) and interleukin-1α (P = .042) by M1 macrophages via the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 signaling axis. Gene expression profiling of cells exposed to an inflammatory milieu revealed significantly enriched terms that were associated with the immune response, cytokines, and tissue remodeling in preassembled ADSC spheroids. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that the engraftment efficiency of ADSCs in the form of spheroids was higher than that of ADSCs in single-cell suspensions (P = .003). Furthermore, the transplantation of ADSC spheroids showed superior therapeutic effects in promoting the healing of sutured stumps, as evidenced by improvements in the tensile strength (P = .019) and fiber alignment (P < .001) of the repaired tendons. CONCLUSION The assembly of ADSCs as spheroids significantly advanced their potential to harness tenocytes and macrophages. As a proof of concept, this study clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of using ADSC spheroids to promote tendon regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study lays a foundation for future clinical applications of stem cell spheroid-based therapy for the management of tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Heng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Kai Kao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wen Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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4
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Lam D, Enright HA, Cadena J, George VK, Soscia DA, Tooker AC, Triplett M, Peters SKG, Karande P, Ladd A, Bogguri C, Wheeler EK, Fischer NO. Spatiotemporal analysis of 3D human iPSC-derived neural networks using a 3D multi-electrode array. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1287089. [PMID: 38026689 PMCID: PMC10679684 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1287089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While there is a growing appreciation of three-dimensional (3D) neural tissues (i.e., hydrogel-based, organoids, and spheroids), shown to improve cellular health and network activity to mirror brain-like activity in vivo, functional assessment using current electrophysiology techniques (e.g., planar multi-electrode arrays or patch clamp) has been technically challenging and limited to surface measurements at the bottom or top of the 3D tissue. As next-generation MEAs, specifically 3D MEAs, are being developed to increase the spatial precision across all three dimensions (X, Y, Z), development of improved computational analytical tools to discern region-specific changes within the Z dimension of the 3D tissue is needed. In the present study, we introduce a novel computational analytical pipeline to analyze 3D neural network activity recorded from a "bottom-up" 3D MEA integrated with a 3D hydrogel-based tissue containing human iPSC-derived neurons and primary astrocytes. Over a period of ~6.5 weeks, we describe the development and maturation of 3D neural activity (i.e., features of spiking and bursting activity) within cross sections of the 3D tissue, based on the vertical position of the electrode on the 3D MEA probe, in addition to network activity (identified using synchrony analysis) within and between cross sections. Then, using the sequential addition of postsynaptic receptor antagonists, bicuculline (BIC), 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP-5), and 6-cyano-5-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), we demonstrate that networks within and between cross sections of the 3D hydrogel-based tissue show a preference for GABA and/or glutamate synaptic transmission, suggesting differences in the network composition throughout the neural tissue. The ability to monitor the functional dynamics of the entire 3D reconstructed neural tissue is a critical bottleneck; here we demonstrate a computational pipeline that can be implemented in studies to better interpret network activity within an engineered 3D neural tissue and have a better understanding of the modeled organ tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Lam
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Heather A. Enright
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Jose Cadena
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Vivek Kurien George
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - David A. Soscia
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Angela C. Tooker
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Michael Triplett
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Sandra K. G. Peters
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Piyush Karande
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Ladd
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Chandrakumar Bogguri
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth K. Wheeler
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas O. Fischer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Faccio D, Petrelli L, Incendi D, Zamuner A, De Rose E, Confalonieri M, Tolomei F, Todros S, Tiengo C, Macchi V, Dettin M, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Development and preclinical evaluation of bioactive nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration: A comparative study. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100761. [PMID: 37600351 PMCID: PMC10433238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe peripheral nerve injuries, nerve conduits (NCs) are good alternatives to autografts/allografts; however, the results the available devices guarantee for are still not fully satisfactory. Herein, differently bioactivated NCs based on the new polymer oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) are compared in a rat model of sciatic nerve neurotmesis (gap: 5 mm; end point: 6 weeks). Thirty Sprague Dawley rats are randomized to 6 groups: Reverse Autograft (RA); Reaxon®; OxPVA; OxPVA + EAK (self-assembling peptide, mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR (mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) (adsorption). Preliminarily, all OxPVA-based devices are comparable with Reaxon® in Sciatic Functional Index score and gait analysis; moreover, all conduits sustain nerve regeneration (S100, β-tubulin) without showing substantial inflammation (CD3, F4/80) evidences. Following morphometric analyses, OxPVA confirms its potential in PNI repair (comparable with Reaxon®) whereas OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR stands out for its myelinated axons total number and density, revealing promising in injury recovery and for future application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Faccio
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Damiana Incendi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico De Rose
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Confalonieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tolomei
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Chen R, Vakilna YS, Lassers SB, Tang WC, Brewer G. Hippocampal network axons respond to patterned theta burst stimulation with lower activity of initially higher spike train similarity from EC to DG and later similarity of axons from CA1 to EC. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:056004. [PMID: 37666242 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acf68a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Decoding memory functions for each hippocampal subregion involves extensive understanding of how each hippocampal subnetwork processes input stimuli. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) recapitulates natural brain stimuli which potentiates synapses in hippocampal circuits. TBS is typically applied to a bundle of axons to measure the immediate response in a downstream subregion like the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1). Yet little is known about network processing in response to stimulation, especially because individual axonal transmission between subregions is not accessible.Approach. To address these limitations, we reverse engineered the hippocampal network on a micro-electrode array partitioned by a MEMS four-chambered device with interconnecting microfluidic tunnels. The micro tunnels allowed monitoring single axon transmission which is inaccessible in slices orin vivo. The four chambers were plated separately with entorhinal cortex (EC), dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, and CA3 neurons. The patterned TBS was delivered to the EC hippocampal gateway. Evoked spike pattern similarity in each subregions was quantified with Jaccard distance metrics of spike timing.Main results. We found that the network subregion produced unique axonal responses to different stimulation patterns. Single site and multisite stimulations caused distinct information routing of axonal spikes in the network. The most spatially similar output at axons from CA3 to CA1 reflected the auto association within CA3 recurrent networks. Moreover, the spike pattern similarities shifted from high levels for axons to and from DG at 0.2 s repeat stimuli to greater similarity in axons to and from CA1 for repetitions at 10 s intervals. This time-dependent response suggested that CA3 encoded temporal information and axons transmitted the information to CA1.Significance. Our design and interrogation approach provide first insights into differences in information transmission between the four subregions of the structured hippocampal network and the dynamic pattern variations in response to stimulation at the subregional level to achieve probabilistic pattern separation and novelty detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Yash Shashank Vakilna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Samuel Brandon Lassers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - William C Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Gregory Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience of Learning and Memory & MIND Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
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7
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Tseng YH, Ma TL, Tan DH, Su AJA, Washington KM, Wang CC, Huang YC, Wu MC, Su WF. Injectable Hydrogel Guides Neurons Growth with Specific Directionality. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097952. [PMID: 37175657 PMCID: PMC10178216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual disabilities affect more than 250 million people, with 43 million suffering from irreversible blindness. The eyes are an extension of the central nervous system which cannot regenerate. Neural tissue engineering is a potential method to cure the disease. Injectability is a desirable property for tissue engineering scaffolds which can eliminate some surgical procedures and reduce possible complications and health risks. We report the development of the anisotropic structured hydrogel scaffold created by a co-injection of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) solution and co-polypeptide solution. The positively charged poly (L-lysine)-r-poly(L-glutamic acid) with 20 mol% of glutamic acid (PLLGA) is crosslinked with negatively charged CNF while promoting cellular activity from the acid nerve stimulate. We found that CNF easily aligns under shear forces from injection and is able to form hydrogel with an ordered structure. Hydrogel is mechanically strong and able to support, guide, and stimulate neurite growth. The anisotropy of our hydrogel was quantitatively determined in situ by 2D optical microscopy and 3D X-ray tomography. The effects of PLLGA:CNF blend ratios on cell viability, neurite growth, and neuronal signaling are systematically investigated in this study. We determined the optimal blend composition for stimulating directional neurite growth yielded a 16% increase in length compared with control, reaching anisotropy of 30.30% at 10°/57.58% at 30°. Using measurements of calcium signaling in vitro, we found a 2.45-fold increase vs. control. Based on our results, we conclude this novel material and unique injection method has a high potential for application in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsiu Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Li Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Dun-Heng Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - An-Jey A Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kia M Washington
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Green Technology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
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Pigareva Y, Gladkov A, Kolpakov V, Bukatin A, Li S, Kazantsev VB, Mukhina I, Pimashkin A. Microfluidic Bi-Layer Platform to Study Functional Interaction between Co-Cultured Neural Networks with Unidirectional Synaptic Connectivity. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:835. [PMID: 37421068 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The complex synaptic connectivity architecture of neuronal networks underlies cognition and brain function. However, studying the spiking activity propagation and processing in heterogeneous networks in vivo poses significant challenges. In this study, we present a novel two-layer PDMS chip that facilitates the culturing and examination of the functional interaction of two interconnected neural networks. We utilized cultures of hippocampal neurons grown in a two-chamber microfluidic chip combined with a microelectrode array. The asymmetric configuration of the microchannels between the chambers ensured the growth of axons predominantly in one direction from the Source chamber to the Target chamber, forming two neuronal networks with unidirectional synaptic connectivity. We showed that the local application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the Source network did not alter the spiking rate in the Target network. The results indicate that stable network activity in the Target network was maintained for at least 1-3 h after TTX application, demonstrating the feasibility of local chemical activity modulation and the influence of electrical activity from one network on the other. Additionally, suppression of synaptic activity in the Source network by the application of CPP and CNQX reorganized spatio-temporal characteristics of spontaneous and stimulus-evoked spiking activity in the Target network. The proposed methodology and results provide a more in-depth examination of the network-level functional interaction between neural circuits with heterogeneous synaptic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Pigareva
- Neurotechnology Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Cell Technology Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Arseniy Gladkov
- Neurotechnology Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Cell Technology Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kolpakov
- Neurotechnology Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Cell Technology Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Anton Bukatin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Alferov Saint-Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the RAS, Saint Petersburg 198095, Russia
| | - Sergei Li
- Neurotechnology Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Victor B Kazantsev
- Neurotechnology Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Cell Technology Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Irina Mukhina
- Neurotechnology Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Cell Technology Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Alexey Pimashkin
- Neurotechnology Department, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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9
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Jeong S, Kang HW, Kim SH, Hong GS, Nam MH, Seong J, Yoon ES, Cho IJ, Chung S, Bang S, Kim HN, Choi N. Integration of reconfigurable microchannels into aligned three-dimensional neural networks for spatially controllable neuromodulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0925. [PMID: 36897938 PMCID: PMC10005277 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropically organized neural networks are indispensable routes for functional connectivity in the brain, which remains largely unknown. While prevailing animal models require additional preparation and stimulation-applying devices and have exhibited limited capabilities regarding localized stimulation, no in vitro platform exists that permits spatiotemporal control of chemo-stimulation in anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) neural networks. We present the integration of microchannels seamlessly into a fibril-aligned 3D scaffold by adapting a single fabrication principle. We investigated the underlying physics of elastic microchannels' ridges and interfacial sol-gel transition of collagen under compression to determine a critical window of geometry and strain. We demonstrated the spatiotemporally resolved neuromodulation in an aligned 3D neural network by local deliveries of KCl and Ca2+ signal inhibitors, such as tetrodotoxin, nifedipine, and mibefradil, and also visualized Ca2+ signal propagation with a speed of ~3.7 μm/s. We anticipate that our technology will pave the way to elucidate functional connectivity and neurological diseases associated with transsynaptic propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- MEPSGEN Co. Ltd., Seoul 05836, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- SK Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Seongnam 13494, Korea
| | - Gyu-Sang Hong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
| | - Eui-Sung Yoon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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10
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Wu C, Su B, Xin N, Tang J, Xiao J, Luo H, Wei D, Luo F, Sun J, Fan H. An upconversion nanoparticle-integrated fibrillar scaffold combined with a NIR-optogenetic strategy to regulate neural cell performance. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:430-440. [PMID: 36524427 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02327j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics using light-sensitive proteins such as calcium transport channel rhodopsin (CatCh) opens up new possibilities for non-invasive remote manipulation of neural function. However, current optogenetic approaches for neurological disorder therapies rely on visible light excitation and are rarely applied to neurogenesis and nerve regeneration. Herein, we propose a new strategy for tissue engineering which combines optogenetic technology and biomimetic nerve scaffolds. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were synthesized and integrated with oriented fibrillar PCL membranes with a collagen coating to establish neuro-matrix interfaces. Benefiting from the excellent bioactivity, oriented fibrillation and NIR-photoresponsivity, the CatCh-transfected PC12 cells on these interfaces exhibited enhanced cell elongation and neurite extension, as well as upregulated neurogenesis upon NIR excitation. Furthermore, a UCNP-integrated scaffold as an optogenetic actuator allowed NIR to penetrate dermal tissues to mediate neural activation, with an efficiency comparable to that of a 470 nm blue light. Compared with current visible light-excited optogenetics, our composite scaffold-mediated NIR stimulation addresses the problem of tissue penetration and will enable less-invasive neurofunctional manipulation, with the potential for remote therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China. .,Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Borui Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nini Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiajia Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiamei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongrong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fang Luo
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Song J, Bang S, Choi N, Kim HN. Brain organoid-on-a-chip: A next-generation human brain avatar for recapitulating human brain physiology and pathology. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:061301. [PMID: 36438549 PMCID: PMC9691285 DOI: 10.1063/5.0121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders have become increasingly prevalent; however, the development of new pharmaceuticals to treat these diseases has lagged. Animal models have been extensively utilized to identify underlying mechanisms and to validate drug efficacies, but they possess inherent limitations including genetic heterogeneity with humans. To overcome these limitations, human cell-based in vitro brain models including brain-on-a-chip and brain organoids have been developed. Each technique has distinct advantages and disadvantages in terms of the mimicry of structure and microenvironment, but each technique could not fully mimic the structure and functional aspects of the brain tissue. Recently, a brain organoid-on-a-chip (BOoC) platform has emerged, which merges brain-on-a-chip and brain organoids. BOoC can potentially reflect the detailed structure of the brain tissue, vascular structure, and circulation of fluid. Hence, we summarize recent advances in BOoC as a human brain avatar and discuss future perspectives. BOoC platform can pave the way for mechanistic studies and the development of pharmaceuticals to treat brain diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Song
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyoung Bang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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12
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Micropattern-based nerve guidance conduit with hundreds of microchannels and stem cell recruitment for nerve regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:62. [PMID: 36261427 PMCID: PMC9582221 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guiding the regrowth of thousands of nerve fibers within a regeneration-friendly environment enhances the regeneration capacity in the case of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Although clinical treatments are available and several studies have been conducted, the development of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with desirable properties, including controllable size, hundreds of nerve bundle-sized microchannels, and host stem-cell recruitment, remains challenging. In this study, the micropattern-based fabrication method was combined with stem-cell recruitment factor (substance P, SP) immobilization onto the main material to produce a size-tunable NGC with hundreds of microchannels with stem-cell recruitment capability. The SP-immobilized multiple microchannels aligned the regrowth of nerve fibers and recruited the host stem cells, which enhanced the functional regeneration capacity. This method has wide applicability in the modification and augmentation of NGCs, such as bifurcated morphology or directional topographies on microchannels. Additional improvements in fabrication will advance the regeneration technology and improve the treatment of PNI/SCI.
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13
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Habibey R, Rojo Arias JE, Striebel J, Busskamp V. Microfluidics for Neuronal Cell and Circuit Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14842-14880. [PMID: 36070858 PMCID: PMC9523714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of microfluidic devices among the neuroscience and neurobiology communities has enabled addressing a broad range of questions at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels. Here, we review biomedical engineering approaches that harness the power of microfluidics for bottom-up generation of neuronal cell types and for the assembly and analysis of neural circuits. Microfluidics-based approaches are instrumental to generate the knowledge necessary for the derivation of diverse neuronal cell types from human pluripotent stem cells, as they enable the isolation and subsequent examination of individual neurons of interest. Moreover, microfluidic devices allow to engineer neural circuits with specific orientations and directionality by providing control over neuronal cell polarity and permitting the isolation of axons in individual microchannels. Similarly, the use of microfluidic chips enables the construction not only of 2D but also of 3D brain, retinal, and peripheral nervous system model circuits. Such brain-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip technologies are promising platforms for studying these organs as they closely recapitulate some aspects of in vivo biological processes. Microfluidic 3D neuronal models, together with 2D in vitro systems, are widely used in many applications ranging from drug development and toxicology studies to neurological disease modeling and personalized medicine. Altogether, microfluidics provide researchers with powerful systems that complement and partially replace animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesús Eduardo Rojo Arias
- Wellcome—MRC
Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge
Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Striebel
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Dai CF, Khoruzhenko O, Zhang C, Zhu QL, Jiao D, Du M, Breu J, Zhao P, Zheng Q, Wu ZL. Magneto-Orientation of Magnetic Double Stacks for Patterned Anisotropic Hydrogels with Multiple Responses and Modulable Motions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207272. [PMID: 35749137 PMCID: PMC9541020 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is a multi-response anisotropic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel developed by using a rotating magnetic field to align magnetic double stacks (MDSs) that are fixed by polymerization. The magneto-orientation of MDSs originates from the unique structure with γ-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles sandwiched by two silicate nanosheets. The resultant gels not only exhibit anisotropic optical and mechanical properties but also show anisotropic responses to temperature and light. Gels with complex ordered structures of MDSs are further devised by multi-step magnetic orientation and photolithographic polymerization. These gels show varied birefringence patterns with potentials as information materials, and can deform into specific configurations upon stimulations. Multi-gait motions are further realized in the patterned gel through dynamic deformation under spatiotemporal light and friction regulation by imposed magnetic force. The magneto-orientation assisted fabrication of hydrogels with anisotropic structures and additional functions should bring opportunities for gel materials in biomedical devices, soft actuators/robots, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fei Dai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Olena Khoruzhenko
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control SystemsKey Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310028China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control SystemsKey Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310028China
| | - Qing Li Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Dejin Jiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Miao Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Josef Breu
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of ChemistryUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Peng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control SystemsKey Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310028China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
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15
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Ghosh S, Roy P, Lahiri D. Enhanced neurogenic differentiation on anisotropically conductive carbon nanotube reinforced polycaprolactone-collagen scaffold by applying direct coupling electrical stimulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:269-284. [PMID: 35843399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation is conducive to neural regeneration. Different types of stimuli propagation patterns are required for regenerating cells in peripheral and central nervous systems. Modulation of the pattern of stimuli propagation cannot be achieved through external means. Reinforcing scaffolds, with suitably shaped conductive second phase materials, is a promising option in this regard. The present study has taken the effort of modulating the pattern (arrangement) of reinforced phase, namely multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in a biodegradable scaffold made of PCL-collagen mixture, by applying an external electric field during curing. Because of their extraordinary physical properties, MWCNTs have been selected as nano-reinforcement for this study. The nature of reinforcement affects the electrical conductivity of the scaffold and also determines the type of cell it can support for regeneration. Further, electrical stimulation, applied during incubation, was observed to have a positive influence on differentiating neural cells in vitro. However, the structure of the nano-reinforcement determined the differentiated morphology of the cells. Reinforced MWCNTs being tubes, imparted bipolarity to the cells. Therefore, these scaffolds, coupled with electrical stimulation possess significant potential to be used for directional regeneration of the nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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16
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Dai CF, Khoruzhenko O, Zhang C, Zhu QL, Jiao D, Du M, Breu J, Zhao P, Zheng Q, Wu ZL. Magneto‐Orientation of Magnetic Double Stacks for Patterned Anisotropic Hydrogels with Multiple Responses and Modulable Motions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fei Dai
- Zhejiang University Department of Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Olena Khoruzhenko
- Bayreuth University: Universitat Bayreuth Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Qing Li Zhu
- Zhenjiang University: Zhejiang University Department of Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Dejin Jiao
- Zhejiang University Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Miao Du
- Zhenjiang University: Zhejiang University Department of Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Josef Breu
- Universität Bayreuth Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I Universitatsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth GERMANY
| | - Peng Zhao
- Zhenjiang University: Zhejiang University School of Mechanical Engineering CHINA
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Zhenjiang University: Zhejiang University Department of Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Zhenjiang University: Zhejiang University Department of Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
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17
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Tissue extracellular matrix hydrogels as alternatives to Matrigel for culturing gastrointestinal organoids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1692. [PMID: 35354790 PMCID: PMC8967832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrigel, a mouse tumor extracellular matrix protein mixture, is an indispensable component of most organoid tissue culture. However, it has limited the utility of organoids for drug development and regenerative medicine due to its tumor-derived origin, batch-to-batch variation, high cost, and safety issues. Here, we demonstrate that gastrointestinal tissue-derived extracellular matrix hydrogels are suitable substitutes for Matrigel in gastrointestinal organoid culture. We found that the development and function of gastric or intestinal organoids grown in tissue extracellular matrix hydrogels are comparable or often superior to those in Matrigel. In addition, gastrointestinal extracellular matrix hydrogels enabled long-term subculture and transplantation of organoids by providing gastrointestinal tissue-mimetic microenvironments. Tissue-specific and age-related extracellular matrix profiles that affect organoid development were also elucidated through proteomic analysis. Together, our results suggest that extracellular matrix hydrogels derived from decellularized gastrointestinal tissues are effective alternatives to the current gold standard, Matrigel, and produce organoids suitable for gastrointestinal disease modeling, drug development, and tissue regeneration.
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18
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Häkli M, Jäntti S, Joki T, Sukki L, Tornberg K, Aalto-Setälä K, Kallio P, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Narkilahti S. Human Neurons Form Axon-Mediated Functional Connections with Human Cardiomyocytes in Compartmentalized Microfluidic Chip. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063148. [PMID: 35328569 PMCID: PMC8955890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) regulates cardiac function by innervating cardiac tissue with axons, and cardiomyocytes (CMs) and neurons undergo comaturation during the heart innervation in embryogenesis. As cANS is essential for cardiac function, its dysfunctions might be fatal; therefore, cardiac innervation models for studying embryogenesis, cardiac diseases, and drug screening are needed. However, previously reported neuron-cardiomyocyte (CM) coculture chips lack studies of functional neuron–CM interactions with completely human-based cell models. Here, we present a novel completely human cell-based and electrophysiologically functional cardiac innervation on a chip in which a compartmentalized microfluidic device, a 3D3C chip, was used to coculture human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons and CMs. The 3D3C chip enabled the coculture of both cell types with their respective culture media in their own compartments while allowing the neuronal axons to traverse between the compartments via microtunnels connecting the compartments. Furthermore, the 3D3C chip allowed the use of diverse analysis methods, including immunocytochemistry, RT-qPCR and video microscopy. This system resembled the in vivo axon-mediated neuron–CM interaction. In this study, the evaluation of the CM beating response during chemical stimulation of neurons showed that hiPSC-neurons and hiPSC-CMs formed electrophysiologically functional axon-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martta Häkli
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.H.); (K.A.-S.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Satu Jäntti
- Neuro Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (S.J.); (T.J.)
| | - Tiina Joki
- Neuro Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (S.J.); (T.J.)
| | - Lassi Sukki
- Micro- and Nanosystems Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland; (L.S.); (K.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Kaisa Tornberg
- Micro- and Nanosystems Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland; (L.S.); (K.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.H.); (K.A.-S.); (M.P.-M.)
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi Kallio
- Micro- and Nanosystems Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland; (L.S.); (K.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Mari Pekkanen-Mattila
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.H.); (K.A.-S.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- Neuro Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (S.J.); (T.J.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Kim H, Nam MH, Jeong S, Lee H, Oh SJ, Kim J, Choi N, Seong J. Visualization of differential GPCR crosstalk in DRD1-DRD2 heterodimer upon different dopamine levels. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 213:102266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Wei Z, Sun T, Shimoda S, Chen Z, Chen X, Wang H, Huang Q, Fukuda T, Shi Q. Bio-inspired engineering of a perfusion culture platform for guided three-dimensional nerve cell growth and differentiation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1006-1017. [PMID: 35147637 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Collagen provides a promising environment for 3D nerve cell culture; however, the function of perfusion culture and cell-growth guidance is difficult to integrate into such an environment to promote cell growth. In this paper, we develop a bio-inspired design method for constructing a perfusion culture platform for guided nerve cell growth and differentiation in collagen. Based on the anatomical structure of peripheral neural tissue, a biomimetic porous structure (BPS) is fabricated by two-photon polymerization of IP-Visio. The micro-capillary effect is then utilized to facilitate the self-assembly of cell encapsulated collagen into the BPS. 3D perfusion culture can be rapidly implemented by inserting the cell-filled BPS into a pipette tip connected with syringe pumps. Furthermore, we investigate the nerve cell behavior in the BPS. 7-channel aligned cellular structures surrounded with a Schwann cell layer can be stably formed after a long-time perfusion culture. Differentiation of PC12 cells and mouse neural stem cells shows 3D neurite outgrowth alignment and elongation in collagen. The calcium activities of differentiated PC12 cells are visualized for confirming the preliminary formation of cell function. These results demonstrate that the proposed bio-inspired 3D cell culture platform with the advantages of miniaturization, structure complexity and perfusion has great potential for future application in the study of nerve regeneration and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihou Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shingo Shimoda
- Center of Brain Science (CBS), CBS-TOYOTA Collaboration Center (BTCC), Intelligent Behaviour Control Unit, Riken, Nagoya 463-0003, Japan
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Ozgun A, Lomboni D, Arnott H, Staines WA, Woulfe J, Variola F. Biomaterial-based strategies for in vitro neural models. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1134-1165. [PMID: 35023513 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models have been used as a complementary tool to animal studies in understanding the nervous system's physiological mechanisms and pathological disorders, while also serving as platforms to evaluate the safety and efficiency of therapeutic candidates. Following recent advances in materials science, micro- and nanofabrication techniques and cell culture systems, in vitro technologies have been rapidly gaining the potential to bridge the gap between animal and clinical studies by providing more sophisticated models that recapitulate key aspects of the structure, biochemistry, biomechanics, and functions of human tissues. This was made possible, in large part, by the development of biomaterials that provide cells with physicochemical features that closely mimic the cellular microenvironment of native tissues. Due to the well-known material-driven cellular response and the importance of mimicking the environment of the target tissue, the selection of optimal biomaterials represents an important early step in the design of biomimetic systems to investigate brain structures and functions. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of commonly used biomaterials as well as the different fabrication techniques employed for the design of neural tissue models. Furthermore, the authors discuss the main parameters that need to be considered to develop functional platforms not only for the study of brain physiological functions and pathological processes but also for drug discovery/development and the optimization of biomaterials for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Ozgun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Lomboni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hallie Arnott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - William A Staines
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Canada
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22
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Holloway PM. Novel, Emerging Chip Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Future Directions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2492:193-224. [PMID: 35733046 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2289-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of microfluidic chips is now allowing for more advanced modelling of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro, recapitulating heterotypic interactions, 3D architecture, and physiological flow. This chapter will give an introduction to these new technologies and how they are being applied to model the BBB and neurovascular unit (NVU). A foundational understanding of the fluid dynamics germane to the effective use of these chips will be set and an overview of how physical phenomena at the microscale can be exploited to enable new possibilities to control the cell culture environment. The four main approaches to construct microfluidic blood vessel mimetics will be discussed with examples of how these techniques are being applied to model the BBB and more recently to study specific neurovascular disease processes. Finally, practical guidance will be given for researchers wishing to adopt these new techniques along with a summary of the challenges, limitations faced, and new opportunities opened up by these advanced cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Holloway
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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23
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Wang L, Cheng W, Zhu J, Li W, Li D, Yang X, Zhao W, Ren M, Ren J, Mo X, Fu Q, Zhang K. Electrospun nanoyarn and exosomes of adipose-derived stem cells for urethral regeneration: Evaluations in vitro and in vivo. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112218. [PMID: 34801930 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of urethral defects has been difficult in the clinic. To address it, the collagen/ poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (P(LLA-CL)) nanoyarn scaffold delivering adipose-derived stem cells' exosomes (ADSC-exos) was fabricated. The multipotential differentiation potential of ADSCs were confirmed by Adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay shows that 50% concentration of ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold dramatically enhanced the cell viability of fibroblasts. The ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold for human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and human urethral scar fibroblasts (HSFs) shows good biocompatibility: theproduction of inflammatory factors IL-6 and Col 1A1 was less, indicating that ADSC-exos had the minimal inflammatory effect of cells. Besides, the cells on the ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold did not appear to contribute to DNA damage in the same way as the normal cell's growth did. The HFFs seeding on the ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold shows a typical morphology of extending outwards. Urethral repair with ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold did not lead to either a sign of urethral stricture or scar formation after 4 weeks post-surgery. The deposition of collagen was less and the epithelial cells formed multiple layer epithelium. The treatment of ADSC-exos stimulated epithelization and vascularization. And the transition from an inflammatory state to a regenerative state was promoted. The ADSC-exos-treated group did not promote the over-proliferation of fibroblasts and the expression of Collagen I. Therefore, the ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold has evident, positive effects on wound healing and tissue fibrosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenyao Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Novaprint Therapeutics Suzhou Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mingjun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jieji Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Kaile Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai 200233, China.
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24
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Bang S, Hwang KS, Jeong S, Cho IJ, Choi N, Kim J, Kim HN. Engineered neural circuits for modeling brain physiology and neuropathology. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:379-400. [PMID: 34157452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neural circuits of the central nervous system are the regulatory pathways for feeling, motion control, learning, and memory, and their dysfunction is closely related to various neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the growing demand for the unraveling of the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, their fundamental investigation is hampered because of the inability to access the components of neural circuits and the complex microenvironment. As an alternative approach, in vitro human neural circuits show principles of in vivo human neuronal circuit function. They allow access to the cellular compartment and permit real-time monitoring of neural circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in reconstituted in vitro neural circuits using engineering techniques. To this end, we provide an overview of the fabrication techniques and methods for stimulation and measurement of in vitro neural circuits. Subsequently, representative examples of in vitro neural circuits are reviewed with a particular focus on the recapitulation of structures and functions observed in vivo, and we summarize their application in the study of various brain diseases. We believe that the in vitro neural circuits can help neuroscience and the neuropharmacology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the growing demand to unravel the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, the studies on the in vivo neural circuits are frequently limited due to the poor accessibility. Furthermore, single neuron-based analysis has an inherent limitation in that it does not reflect the full spectrum of the neural circuit physiology. As an alternative approach, in vitro engineered neural circuit models have arisen because they can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of in vivo neural circuits. These in vitro neural circuits allow the mimicking of dysregulation of the neural circuits, including neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. Emerging in vitro engineered neural circuits will provide a better understanding of the (patho-)physiology of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Bang S, Lee S, Choi N, Kim HN. Emerging Brain-Pathophysiology-Mimetic Platforms for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases: Brain Organoids and Brains-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002119. [PMID: 34028201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the structural and functional integrity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Millions of people suffer from degenerative brain diseases worldwide, and the mortality continues to increase every year, causing a growing demand for knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and development of therapeutic targets. Conventional 2D-based cell culture platforms and animal models cannot fully recapitulate the pathophysiology, and this has limited the capability for estimating drug efficacy. Recently, engineered platforms, including brain organoids and brain-on-a-chip, have emerged. They mimic the physiology of brain tissue and reflect the fundamental pathophysiological signatures of neurodegenerative diseases, such as the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, structural abnormalities, and functional loss. In this paper, recent advances in brain-mimetic platforms and their potential for modeling features of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro are reviewed. The development of a physiologically relevant model should help overcome unresolved neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyun Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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26
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Ahmed A, Joshi IM, Mansouri M, Ahamed NNN, Hsu MC, Gaborski TR, Abhyankar VV. Engineering fiber anisotropy within natural collagen hydrogels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C1112-C1124. [PMID: 33852366 PMCID: PMC8285641 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00036.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including stiffness, porosity, composition, and fiber alignment (anisotropy), play a crucial role in controlling cell behavior in vivo. Type I collagen (collagen I) is a ubiquitous structural component in the ECM and has become a popular hydrogel material that can be tuned to replicate the mechanical properties found in vivo. In this review article, we describe popular methods to create 2-D and 3-D collagen I hydrogels with anisotropic fiber architectures. We focus on methods that can be readily translated from engineering and materials science laboratories to the life-science community with the overall goal of helping to increase the physiological relevance of cell culture assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
| | - Indranil M Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
| | - Mehran Mansouri
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
| | - Nuzhet N N Ahamed
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
| | - Meng-Chun Hsu
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
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27
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Chen S, Liu A, Wu C, Chen Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wu K, Wei D, Sun J, Zhou L, Fan H. Static-Dynamic Profited Viscoelastic Hydrogels for Motor-Clutch-Regulated Neurogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24463-24476. [PMID: 34024102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viscoelasticity, a time-scale mechanical feature of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), is reported to play crucial roles in plentiful cellular behaviors, whereas its effects on neuronal behavior and the underlying molecular mechanism still remain obscure. Challenges are faced in the biocompatible synthesis of neural ECM-mimicked scaffolds solely controlled with viscoelasticity and due to the lack of suitable models for neurons-viscoelastic matrix interaction. Herein, we report difunctional hyaluronan-collagen hydrogels prepared by a static-dynamic strategy. The hydrogels show aldehyde concentration-dependent viscoelasticity and similar initial elastic modulus, fibrillar morphology, swelling as well as degradability. Utilizing the resulting hydrogels, for the first time, we demonstrate matrix viscoelasticity-dependent neuronal responses, including neurite elongation and expression of neurogenic proteins. Then, a motor-clutch model modified with a tension dissipation component is developed to account for the molecular mechanism for viscoelasticity-sensitive neuronal responses. Moreover, we prove enhanced recovery of rat spinal cord injury by implanting cell-free viscoelastic grafts. As a pioneer finding on neurons-viscoelastic matrix interaction both in vitro and in vivo, this work provides intriguing insights not only into nerve repair but also into neuroscience and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Amin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
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28
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Ji D, Kim J. Recent Strategies for Strengthening and Stiffening Tough Hydrogels. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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29
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Seo S, Choi CH, Yi KS, Kim SU, Lee K, Choi N, Lee HJ, Cha SH, Kim HN. An engineered neurovascular unit for modeling neuroinflammation. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33849004 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abf741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) comprises multiple types of brain cells, including brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Each cell type contributes to the maintenance of the molecular transport barrier and brain tissue homeostasis. Several disorders and diseases of the central nervous system, including neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with dysfunction of the NVU. As a result, there has been increased demand for the development of NVUin vitromodels. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) immortalized human cell-based NVU model generated by organizing the brain microvasculature in a collagen matrix embedded with six different types of cells that comprise the NVU. By surrounding a perfusable brain endothelium with six types of NVU-composing cells, we demonstrated a significant impact of the 3D co-culture on the maturation of barrier function, which is supported by cytokines secreted from NVU-composing cells. Furthermore, NVU-composing cells alleviated the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharides. Our human cell-based NVUin vitromodel could enable elucidation of both physiological and pathological mechanisms in the human brain and evaluation of safety and efficacy in the context of high-content analysis during the process of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeong Seo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chi-Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chung Buk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea.,College of Medicine, Chung Buk National University, Cheongju, Chung Buk 28644, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyung Sik Yi
- Department of Radiology, Chung Buk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine, Chung Buk National University, Cheongju, Chung Buk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, eBiogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Cha
- Department of Radiology, Chung Buk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea.,College of Medicine, Chung Buk National University, Cheongju, Chung Buk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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30
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Wang S, Maruri DP, Boothby JM, Lu X, Rivera-Tarazona LK, Varner VD, Ware TH. Anisotropic, porous hydrogels templated by lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6988-6998. [PMID: 32626869 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to control the microstructure of hydrogels enable the control of cell-material interactions and the design of stimuli-responsive materials. We report a versatile approach for the synthesis of anisotropic polyacrylamide hydrogels using lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC) templating. The orientational order of LCLCs in a mold can be patterned by controlling surface anchoring conditions, which in turn patterns the polymer network. The resulting hydrogels have tunable pore size and mechanical anisotropy. For example, the elastic moduli measured parallel and perpendicular to the LCLC order are 124.9 ± 6.4 kPa and 17.4 ± 1.1 kPa for a single composition. The resulting anisotropic hydrogels also have 30% larger swelling normal to the LCLC orientation than along the LCLC orientation. By patterning the LCLC order, this anisotropic swelling can be used to create 3D hydrogel structures. These anisotropic gels can also be functionalized with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and used as compliant substrata for cell culture. As an illustrative example, we show that the patterned hydrogel microstructure can be used to direct the orientation of cultured human corneal fibroblasts. This strategy to make anisotropic hydrogels has potential for enabling patternable tissue scaffolds, soft robotics, or microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suitu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
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31
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Chen P, Chen X, Hepfer RG, Damon BJ, Shi C, Yao JJ, Coombs MC, Kern MJ, Ye T, Yao H. A noninvasive fluorescence imaging-based platform measures 3D anisotropic extracellular diffusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1913. [PMID: 33772014 PMCID: PMC7997923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is a major molecular transport mechanism in biological systems. Quantifying direction-dependent (i.e., anisotropic) diffusion is vitally important to depicting how the three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure and composition affect the biochemical environment, and thus define tissue functions. However, a tool for noninvasively measuring the 3D anisotropic extracellular diffusion of biorelevant molecules is not yet available. Here, we present light-sheet imaging-based Fourier transform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (LiFT-FRAP), which noninvasively determines 3D diffusion tensors of various biomolecules with diffusivities up to 51 µm2 s-1, reaching the physiological diffusivity range in most biological systems. Using cornea as an example, LiFT-FRAP reveals fundamental limitations of current invasive two-dimensional diffusion measurements, which have drawn controversial conclusions on extracellular diffusion in healthy and clinically treated tissues. Moreover, LiFT-FRAP demonstrates that tissue structural or compositional changes caused by diseases or scaffold fabrication yield direction-dependent diffusion changes. These results demonstrate LiFT-FRAP as a powerful platform technology for studying disease mechanisms, advancing clinical outcomes, and improving tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xun Chen
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - R Glenn Hepfer
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brooke J Damon
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Changcheng Shi
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jenny J Yao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Coombs
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael J Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tong Ye
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Hai Yao
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Holloway PM, Willaime-Morawek S, Siow R, Barber M, Owens RM, Sharma AD, Rowan W, Hill E, Zagnoni M. Advances in microfluidic in vitro systems for neurological disease modeling. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1276-1307. [PMID: 33583054 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second largest cause of death worldwide. Despite significant research efforts, neurology remains one of the most failure-prone areas of drug development. The complexity of the human brain, boundaries to examining the brain directly in vivo, and the significant evolutionary gap between animal models and humans, all serve to hamper translational success. Recent advances in microfluidic in vitro models have provided new opportunities to study human cells with enhanced physiological relevance. The ability to precisely micro-engineer cell-scale architecture, tailoring form and function, has allowed for detailed dissection of cell biology using microphysiological systems (MPS) of varying complexities from single cell systems to "Organ-on-chip" models. Simplified neuronal networks have allowed for unique insights into neuronal transport and neurogenesis, while more complex 3D heterotypic cellular models such as neurovascular unit mimetics and "Organ-on-chip" systems have enabled new understanding of metabolic coupling and blood-brain barrier transport. These systems are now being developed beyond MPS toward disease specific micro-pathophysiological systems, moving from "Organ-on-chip" to "Disease-on-chip." This review gives an outline of current state of the art in microfluidic technologies for neurological disease research, discussing the challenges and limitations while highlighting the benefits and potential of integrating technologies. We provide examples of where such toolsets have enabled novel insights and how these technologies may empower future investigation into neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Holloway
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Barber
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anup D Sharma
- New Orleans BioInnovation Center, AxoSim Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wendy Rowan
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Eric Hill
- School of Life and Health sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Shin H, Jeong S, Lee JH, Sun W, Choi N, Cho IJ. 3D high-density microelectrode array with optical stimulation and drug delivery for investigating neural circuit dynamics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:492. [PMID: 33479237 PMCID: PMC7820464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of neural circuit dynamics is crucial for deciphering the functional connections among regions of the brain and understanding the mechanism of brain dysfunction. Despite the advancements of neural circuit models in vitro, technologies for both precisely monitoring and modulating neural activities within three-dimensional (3D) neural circuit models have yet to be developed. Specifically, no existing 3D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have integrated capabilities to stimulate surrounding neurons and to monitor the temporal evolution of the formation of a neural network in real time. Herein, we present a 3D high-density multifunctional MEA with optical stimulation and drug delivery for investigating neural circuit dynamics within engineered 3D neural tissues. We demonstrate precise measurements of synaptic latencies in 3D neural networks. We expect our 3D multifunctional MEA to open up opportunities for studies of neural circuits through precise, in vitro investigations of neural circuit dynamics with 3D brain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyogeun Shin
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Advances in 3D neuronal microphysiological systems: towards a functional nervous system on a chip. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:191-206. [PMID: 33438114 PMCID: PMC7802613 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) designed to study the complexities of the peripheral and central nervous systems have made marked improvements over the years and have allowed researchers to assess in two and three dimensions the functional interconnectivity of neuronal tissues. The recent generation of brain organoids has further propelled the field into the nascent recapitulation of structural, functional, and effective connectivities which are found within the native human nervous system. Herein, we will review advances in culture methodologies, focused especially on those of human tissues, which seek to bridge the gap from 2D cultures to hierarchical and defined 3D MPS with the end goal of developing a robust nervous system-on-a-chip platform. These advances have far-reaching implications within basic science, pharmaceutical development, and translational medicine disciplines.
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35
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Patil VA, Masters KS. Engineered Collagen Matrices. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E163. [PMID: 33339157 PMCID: PMC7765577 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals, accounting for approximately one-third of the total protein in the human body. Thus, it is a logical choice for the creation of biomimetic environments, and there is a long history of using collagen matrices for various tissue engineering applications. However, from a biomaterial perspective, the use of collagen-only scaffolds is associated with many challenges. Namely, the mechanical properties of collagen matrices can be difficult to tune across a wide range of values, and collagen itself is not highly amenable to direct chemical modification without affecting its architecture or bioactivity. Thus, many approaches have been pursued to design scaffold environments that display critical features of collagen but enable improved tunability of physical and biological characteristics. This paper provides a brief overview of approaches that have been employed to create such engineered collagen matrices. Specifically, these approaches include blending of collagen with other natural or synthetic polymers, chemical modifications of denatured collagen, de novo creation of collagen-mimetic chains, and reductionist methods to incorporate collagen moieties into other materials. These advancements in the creation of tunable, engineered collagen matrices will continue to enable the interrogation of novel and increasingly complex biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
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36
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Harberts J, Fendler C, Teuber J, Siegmund M, Silva A, Rieck N, Wolpert M, Zierold R, Blick RH. Toward Brain-on-a-Chip: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Guided Neuronal Networks in Tailor-Made 3D Nanoprinted Microscaffolds. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13091-13102. [PMID: 33058673 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain-on-a-chip (BoC) concepts should consider three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to mimic the 3D nature of the human brain not accessible by conventional planar cell culturing. Furthermore, the essential key to adequately address drug development for human pathophysiological diseases of the nervous system, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's, is to employ human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons instead of neurons from animal models. To address both issues, we present electrophysiologically mature human iPSC-derived neurons cultured in BoC applicable microscaffolds prepared by direct laser writing. 3D nanoprinted tailor-made elevated cavities interconnected by freestanding microchannels were used to create defined neuronal networks-as a proof of concept-with two-dimensional topology. The neuronal outgrowth in these nonplanar structures was investigated, among others, in terms of neurite length, size of continuous networks, and branching behavior using z-stacks prepared by confocal microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images prepared by focused ion beam milling. Functionality of the human iPSC-derived neurons was demonstrated with patch clamp measurements in both current- and voltage-clamp mode. Action potentials and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents-fundamental prerequisites for proper network signaling-prove full integrity of these artificial neuronal networks. Considering the network formation occurring within only a few days and the versatile nature of direct laser writing to create even more complex scaffolds for 3D network topologies, we believe that our study offers additional approaches in human disease research to mimic the complex interconnectivity of the human brain in BoC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Harberts
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Fendler
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Teuber
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Siegmund
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Silva
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Niklas Rieck
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Life Science Hamburg gGmbH, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Merle Wolpert
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Life Science Hamburg gGmbH, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert H Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Richard S, Silva AKA, Mary G, Ragot H, Perez JE, Ménager C, Gazeau F, Boucenna I, Agbulut O, Wilhelm C. 3D Magnetic Alignment of Cardiac Cells in Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6802-6810. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Richard
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Amanda K. A. Silva
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Gaëtan Mary
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Hélène Ragot
- Sorbonne University, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jose E. Perez
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Christine Ménager
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Imane Boucenna
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne University, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
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Bae M, Yi HG, Jang J, Cho DW. Microphysiological Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Central Nervous System. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E855. [PMID: 32947879 PMCID: PMC7570039 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most severe problems in aging societies. Various conventional experimental models, including 2D and animal models, have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of (and therapeutic mechanisms for) neurodegenerative diseases. However, the physiological gap between humans and the current models remains a hurdle to determining the complexity of an irreversible dysfunction in a neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, preclinical research requires advanced experimental models, i.e., those more physiologically relevant to the native nervous system, to bridge the gap between preclinical stages and patients. The neural microphysiological system (neural MPS) has emerged as an approach to summarizing the anatomical, biochemical, and pathological physiology of the nervous system for investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. This review introduces the components (such as cells and materials) and fabrication methods for designing a neural MPS. Moreover, the review discusses future perspectives for improving the physiological relevance to native neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyeon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Kim E, Jeon S, An HK, Kianpour M, Yu SW, Kim JY, Rah JC, Choi H. A magnetically actuated microrobot for targeted neural cell delivery and selective connection of neural networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5696. [PMID: 32978164 PMCID: PMC7518876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been a great deal of interest in the development of technologies for actively manipulating neural networks in vitro, providing natural but simplified environments in a highly reproducible manner in which to study brain function and related diseases. Platforms for these in vitro neural networks require precise and selective neural connections at the target location, with minimal external influences, and measurement of neural activity to determine how neurons communicate. Here, we report a neuron-loaded microrobot for selective connection of neural networks via precise delivery to a gap between two neural clusters by an external magnetic field. In addition, the extracellular action potential was propagated from one cluster to the other through the neurons on the microrobot. The proposed technique shows the potential for use in experiments to understand how neurons communicate in the neural network by actively connecting neural clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sungwoong Jeon
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyu An
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | | | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
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Lee JM, Yeong WY. Engineering macroscale cell alignment through coordinated toolpath design using support-assisted 3D bioprinting. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200294. [PMID: 32674709 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aligned cells provide direction-dependent mechanical properties that influence biological and mechanical function in native tissues. Alignment techniques such as casting and uniaxial stretching cannot fully replicate the complex fibre orientation of native tissue such as the heart. In this study, bioprinting is used to direct the orientation of cell alignment. A 0°-90° grid structure was printed to assess the robustness of the support-assisted bioprinting technique. The variation in the angles of the grid pattern is designed to mimic the differences in fibril orientation of native tissues, where angles of cell alignment vary across the different layers. Through bioprinting of a cell-hydrogel mixture, C2C12 cells displayed directed alignment along the longitudinal axis of printed struts. Cell alignment is induced through firstly establishing structurally stable constructs (i.e. distinct 0°-90° structures) and secondly, allowing cells to dynamically remodel the bioprinted construct. Herein reports a method of inducing a macroscale level of controlled cell alignment with angle variation. This was not achievable both in terms of methods (i.e. conventional alignment techniques such as stretching and electrical stimulation) and magnitude (i.e. hydrogel features with less than 100 µm features).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min Lee
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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41
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Chen S, Wu C, Liu A, Wei D, Xiao Y, Guo Z, Chen L, Zhu Y, Sun J, Luo H, Fan H. Biofabrication of nerve fibers with mimetic myelin sheath-like structure and aligned fibrous niche. Biofabrication 2020; 12:035013. [PMID: 32240990 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab860d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nerve tissues contain hierarchically ordered nerve fibers, while each of the nerve fibers has nano-oriented fibrous extracellular matrix and a core-shell structure of tubular myelin sheath with elongated axons encapsulated. Here, we report, for the first time, a ready approach to fabricate biomimetic nerve fibers which are oriented and have a core-shell structure to spatially encapsulate two types of cells, neurons and Schwann cells. A microfluidic system was designed and assembled, which contained a coaxial triple-channel chip and a stretching loading device. Alginate was used first to assist the fabrication, which was washed away afterwards. The orientation of the biomimetic nerve fibers was optimized by the control of the compositions of methacrylate hyaluronan and fibrin, together with the parameters of microfluidic shearing and external stretching. Also, neurons and Schwann cells, which were respectively located in the core and shell of the fibers, displayed advanced biologic functions, including neurogenesis and myelinating maturation. We demonstrate that the neural performance is relatively good, compared to that resulted from individually encapsulated in single-layer microfibers. The present study brings insights to fabricate biomimetic nerve fibers for their potential in neuroscience research and nerve regeneration. Moreover, the present methodology on the fabrication of oriented fibers with different types of cells separately encapsulated should be applicable to biomimetic constructions of various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 People's Republic of China
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Gong X, Kulwatno J, Mills K. Rapid fabrication of collagen bundles mimicking tumor-associated collagen architectures. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:128-141. [PMID: 32194262 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stromal collagen is upregulated surrounding a solid tumor and presents as dense, thick, linearized, and aligned bundles. The collagen bundles are continually remodeled during tumor progression, and their orientation with respect to the tumor boundary has been correlated with invasive state. Currently, reconstituted-collagen gels are the standard in vitro tumor cell-extracellular matrix interaction model. The reticular, dense, and isotropic nanofiber (~900 nm-diameter, on average) gels do not, however, recapitulate the in vivo structural features of collagen bundling and alignment. Here, we present a rapid and simple method to fabricate bundles of collagen type I, whose average thickness may be varied between about 4 μm and 9 μm dependent upon diluent temperature and ionic strength. The durability and versatility of the collagen bundles was demonstrated with their incorporation into two in vitro models where the thickness and alignment of the collagen bundles resembled various in vivo arrangements. First, collagen bundles aligned by a microfluidic device elicited cancer cell contact guidance and enhanced their directional migration. Second, the presence of the collagen bundles in a bio-inert agarose hydrogel was shown to provide a route for cancer cell outgrowth. The unique structural features of the collagen bundles advance the physiological relevance of in vitro collagen-based tumor models for accurately capturing tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Collagen in the tumor microenvironment is upregulated and remodeled into dense, thick, and aligned bundles that are associated with invasive state. Current collagen-based in vitro models are based on reticular, isotropic nanofiber gels that do not fully recapitulate in vivo tumor stromal collagen. We present a simple and robust method of rapidly fabricating cell-scale collagen bundles that better mimic the remodeled collagen surrounding a tumor. Interacting with the bundles, cancer cells exhibited drastically different phenotypic behaviors, compared to nanofiber scaffolds. This work reveals the importance of microscale architecture of in vitro tumor models. The collagen bundles provide physiologically relevant collagen morphologies that may be easily incorporated into existing models of tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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Microfluidic Systems in CNS Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32285366 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36588-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Current technological progress facilitates the introduction of micro-devices into biotechnology research including studies on central nervous system. Wide range of micro-chambers with diversity of channel systems and multiple compartments enable users to create models which closely mimic nervous tissue structure which nowadays is often called as brain-on-a-chip technology. Heretofore experiments showing the influence of substance gradients, cell interactions, spatial conditions, neuroinflammation, stem cells migration, drug delivery, mechanisms controlling progression of diseases like Alzheimer, Parkinson, multiple sclerosis or nerve injury were performed in microfluidic devices. Moreover, the integration of bio-sensors and development of dedicated software for microfluidic studies can enable performing high throughput and good quality automated experiments investigating regeneration and degeneration processes in models well emulating central nervous system structures.
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Soscia DA, Lam D, Tooker AC, Enright HA, Triplett M, Karande P, Peters SKG, Sales AP, Wheeler EK, Fischer NO. A flexible 3-dimensional microelectrode array for in vitro brain models. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:901-911. [PMID: 31976505 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models have become increasingly popular as systems to study cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions dependent on the spatial, mechanical, and chemical cues within the environment of the tissue, which is limited in traditional two-dimensional (2D) models. Although electrophysiological recordings of neuronal action potentials through 2D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are a common and trusted method of evaluating neuronal function, network communication, and response to chemicals and biologicals, there are currently limited options for measuring electrophysiological activity from many locations simultaneously throughout a 3D network of neurons in vitro. Here, we have developed a thin-film, 3D flexible microelectrode array (3DMEA) that non-invasively interrogates a 3D culture of neurons and can accommodate 256 channels of recording or stimulation. Importantly, the 3DMEA is straightforward to fabricate and integrates with standard commercially available electrophysiology hardware. Polyimide probe arrays were microfabricated on glass substrates and mechanically actuated to collectively lift the arrays into a vertical position, relying solely on plastic deformation of their base hinge regions to maintain vertical alignment. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons and astrocytes were entrapped in a collagen-based hydrogel and seeded onto the 3DMEA, enabling growth of suspended cells in the matrix and the formation and maturation of a neural network around the 3DMEA probes. The 3DMEA supported the growth of functional neurons in 3D with action potential spike and burst activity recorded over 45 days in vitro. This platform is an important step in facilitating noninvasive electrophysiological characterization of 3D networks of electroactive cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Soscia
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Doris Lam
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Angela C Tooker
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Heather A Enright
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Michael Triplett
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Piyush Karande
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Sandra K G Peters
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Ana Paula Sales
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Wheeler
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Nicholas O Fischer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
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Oh S, Nguyen QD, Chung KH, Lee H. Bundling of Collagen Fibrils Using Sodium Sulfate for Biomimetic Cell Culturing. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3444-3452. [PMID: 32118158 PMCID: PMC7045499 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein. The concentrations, structural arrangement, and directionality of collagen depend on the type of tissue. Thick fibril bundles of collagen are observed in most collagenous tissues, including connective tissues, bones, and tendons, indicating that they play a critical role in many cell functions. In this study, we developed a new method to regulate collagen bundling without altering the protein concentration, temperature, or pH by using sodium sulfate to replicate bundled collagen fibrils found in vivo. Microstructure analysis revealed that both the thickness of the fibril bundles and the pore size of the matrix increased with the amount of sodium sulfate. In contrast, there was no significant change in the bulk mechanical stiffness of the collagen matrix. The modified collagen bundle matrix was used to investigate the responses of human cervical cancer cells by mimicking the extracellular environments of a tumor. Compared to the normal collagen matrix, cells on the collagen bundle matrix exhibited significant changes in morphology, with a reduced cell perimeter and aspect ratio. The cell motility, which was analyzed in terms of the speed of migration and mean squared displacement, decreased for the collagen bundle matrix. Additionally, the critical time taken for the peak turning angle to converge to 90° decreased, indicating that the migration direction was regulated by geometric cues provided by collagen bundles rather than by the intrinsic cell persistence. The experimental results imply that collagen bundles play an important role in determining the magnitude and direction in cancer cell migration. The proposed method of extracellular matrix modification can be applied to investigate various cellular behaviors in both physiological and pathological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Oh
- School of Mechanical
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Global Technology Center, Samsung
Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon 16677, South Korea
| | - Quang Dang Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South
Korea
| | - Koo-Hyun Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South
Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Lee
- School of Mechanical
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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A Role of Microtubules in Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031062. [PMID: 32033476 PMCID: PMC7037135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are specialized cells that myelinate axons in the central nervous system. Defects in oligodendrocyte function and failure to form or maintain myelin sheaths can cause a number of neurological disorders. Oligodendrocytes are differentiated from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which extend several processes that contact, elaborate, and eventually wrap axonal segments to form multilayered myelin sheaths. These processes require extensive changes in the cytoarchitecture and must be regulated by reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Here, we established a simple protocol to isolate and differentiate mouse OPCs, and by using this method, we investigated a role of microtubules (MTs) in oligodendrocyte differentiation. Oligodendrocytes developed a complex network of MTs during differentiation, and treatment of differentiating oligodendrocytes with nanomolar concentrations of MT-targeting agents (MTAs) markedly affected oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation. We found that acute exposure to vincristine and nocodazole at early stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation markedly increased MT arborization and enhanced differentiation, whereas taxol and epothilone B treatment produced opposing outcomes. Furthermore, treatment of myelinating co-cultures of oligodendrocytes and neurons with nanomolar concentrations of MTAs at late stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation induced dysmyelination. Together, these results suggest that MTs play an important role in the survival, differentiation, and myelination of oligodendrocytes.
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Mao M, He J, Li Z, Han K, Li D. Multi-directional cellular alignment in 3D guided by electrohydrodynamically-printed microlattices. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:141-151. [PMID: 31669696 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recapitulating aligned cellular architectures of native tissues in vitro is important to engineer artificial tissue analogs with desired biological functions. Here a novel strategy is presented to direct three-dimensional (3D) cellular alignment by embedding cell/collagen hydrogel into the predefined electrohydrodynamically-printed microlattices. The cell/collagen hydrogel, originally filled within the printed microlattices uniformly, was found to gradually develop into densely-populated and highly-aligned bands along the longitudinal direction of the printed microlattices. The cellular alignment was highly dependent on the height, spacing and orientation of the microlattices. The presented method was applicable to multiple cell types including primary cardiomyocytes and the gaps formed between the aligned bands and the lateral walls of the microlattice facilitated the subsequent seeding and rapid alignment of other cell types which enables to engineer anisotropic multicellular tissue constructs. The engineered cardiac patches expressed mature cardiomyocyte-specific phenotypes and exhibited synchronous contractive activities. Multilayer cellular alignment with varied orientation in 3D collagen hydrogel was successfully achieved by using electrohydrodynamically-printed microlattices with layer-specific orientations. This exploration offers a promising way to engineer complex 3D tissue constructs with predefined cellular alignments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fabrication of biomimetic highly-aligned complex cellular architectures has a great significance to recapitulate the unique mechanical and physiological functions of the engineered tissues (e.g., heart tissue, neuron, muscle). Here, we introduced a novel strategy to direct 3D cellular alignment by embedding cell/collagen hydrogel into the predefined electrohydrodynamically-printed microlattices without any external stimuli. The microscopical study of the dynamic alignment process of cells and collagen fibers contributed to exploring the mechanism of autonomous formation of highly-aligned cellular bands. Multilayer cellular alignment with varied orientation in 3D collagen hydrogel was successfully achieved by using the microlattices with layer-specific orientations, which showed a promising way to engineer complex 3D tissue constructs with predefined cellular alignments.
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Optimizing cell encapsulation condition in ECM-Collagen I hydrogels to support 3D neuronal cultures. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 329:108460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Seo Y, Jeong S, Chung JJ, Kim SH, Choi N, Jung Y. Development of an Anisotropically Organized Brain dECM Hydrogel-Based 3D Neuronal Culture Platform for Recapitulating the Brain Microenvironment in Vivo. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:610-620. [PMID: 33463191 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To mimic the brain tissue microenvironment in vitro, the biological and structural properties of the utilized system must be similar to those of the native brain in the microenvironment in vivo. To promote the bioactive (biological) properties of matrix hydrogels, we used the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) of porcine brain, which was found to enhance neuronal differentiation/outgrowth and neuron-to-brain dECM interactions. To implement the desired structural properties, we aligned microfibrils within a composite hydrogel mixed with the brain dECM and collagen I, with or without encapsulated neurons, by the stretching and releasing of a hydrogel-based chip. We then tested the ability of the aligned brain dECM hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) culture platform to mimic the in vivo brain microenvironment. We found that dECM-containing gels harbored brain-derived ECM proteins, including collagen I, collagen IV, laminin, and various cytokines, and that neurons incubated in these gels exhibited enhanced neurite outgrowth and development compared to those incubated in collagen gel (dECM 0 mg/mL). We evaluated the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the hydrogel with and without the brain dECM and found that their encapsulated neurons showed similar levels of cell viability. We then used a mechanical process to align the composite dECM hydrogel, conferring the desired structural properties to our system. Together, our results suggest that our newly developed brain dECM-based 3D culture platform could potentially be further developed for use in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim W, Kim G. Collagen/bioceramic-based composite bioink to fabricate a porous 3D hASCs-laden structure for bone tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015007. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab436d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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