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Ahearn TU, Zhang H, Michailidou K, Milne RL, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Lush M, Wang Q, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Auer PL, Augustinsson A, Baten A, Becher H, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brooks-Wilson A, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Canzian F, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Dörk T, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Floris G, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Goldberg MS, González-Neira A, Alnæs GIG, Grip M, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Harkness EF, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Holleczek B, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Howell A, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, John EM, Jones ME, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kauppila S, Keeman R, Khusnutdinova E, Kitahara CM, Ko YD, Koutros S, Kristensen VN, Krüger U, Kubelka-Sabit K, Kurian AW, Kyriacou K, Lambrechts D, Lee DG, Lindblom A, Linet M, Lissowska J, Llaneza A, Lo WY, MacInnis RJ, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Margolin S, Martinez ME, McLean C, Meindl A, Menon U, Nevanlinna H, Newman WG, Nodora J, Offit K, Olsson H, Orr N, Park-Simon TW, Patel AV, Peto J, Pita G, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Prentice R, Punie K, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Rennert G, Romero A, Rüdiger T, Saloustros E, Sampson S, Sandler DP, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Schoemaker MJ, Schöttker B, Sherman ME, Shu XO, Smichkoska S, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Swerdlow AJ, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teras LR, Terry MB, Torres D, Troester MA, Vachon CM, van Deurzen CHM, van Veen EM, Wagner P, Weinberg CR, Wendt C, Wesseling J, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Yang XR, Zheng W, Couch FJ, Simard J, Kraft P, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, García-Closas M, Chatterjee N. Common variants in breast cancer risk loci predispose to distinct tumor subtypes. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:2. [PMID: 34983606 PMCID: PMC8725568 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have differential associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, but how these variants relate with other tumor features and intrinsic molecular subtypes is unclear. METHODS Among 106,571 invasive breast cancer cases and 95,762 controls of European ancestry with data on 173 breast cancer variants identified in previous GWAS, we used novel two-stage polytomous logistic regression models to evaluate variants in relation to multiple tumor features (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and grade) adjusting for each other, and to intrinsic-like subtypes. RESULTS Eighty-five of 173 variants were associated with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 5%), most commonly ER and grade, followed by PR and HER2. Models for intrinsic-like subtypes found nearly all of these variants (83 of 85) associated at p < 0.05 with risk for at least one luminal-like subtype, and approximately half (41 of 85) of the variants were associated with risk of at least one non-luminal subtype, including 32 variants associated with triple-negative (TN) disease. Ten variants were associated with risk of all subtypes in different magnitude. Five variants were associated with risk of luminal A-like and TN subtypes in opposite directions. CONCLUSION This report demonstrates a high level of complexity in the etiology heterogeneity of breast cancer susceptibility variants and can inform investigations of subtype-specific risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Biostatistics Unit, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adinda Baten
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute, Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), C080, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, Academic Unit of Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elaine F Harkness
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Nightingale & Genesis Prevention Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", MASA, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johanniter Kliniken Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krüger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katerina Kubelka-Sabit
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Acibadem Sistina, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Derrick G Lee
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martha Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Llaneza
- General and Gastroenterology Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Menon
- Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William G Newman
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jesse Nodora
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland, UK
| | | | - Alpa V Patel
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetic Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", MASA, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Ross Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Gad Rennert
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Sampson
- Prevent Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Snezhana Smichkoska
- Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Elke M van Veen
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Philippe Wagner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Chen H, Majumdar A, Wang L, Kar S, Brown KM, Feng H, Turman C, Dennis J, Easton D, Michailidou K, Simard J, Bishop T, Cheng IC, Huyghe JR, Schmit SL, O’Mara TA, Spurdle AB, Gharahkhani P, Schumacher J, Jankowski J, Gockel I, Bondy ML, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Melin B, Lesseur C, Ness AR, Diergaarde B, Olshan AF, Amos CI, Christiani DC, Landi MT, McKay JD, Brossard M, Iles MM, Law MH, MacGregor S, Beesley J, Jones MR, Tyrer J, Winham SJ, Klein AP, Petersen G, Li D, Wolpin BM, Eeles RA, Haiman CA, Kote-Jarai Z, Schumacher FR, Brennan P, Chanock SJ, Gaborieau V, Purdue MP, Pharoah P, Hung RJ, Amundadottir LT, Kraft P, Pasaniuc B, Lindström S. Large-scale cross-cancer fine-mapping of the 5p15.33 region reveals multiple independent signals. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100041. [PMID: 34355204 PMCID: PMC8336922 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of cancer risk loci revealing many risk regions shared across multiple cancers. Characterizing the cross-cancer shared genetic basis can increase our understanding of global mechanisms of cancer development. In this study, we collected GWAS summary statistics based on up to 375,468 cancer cases and 530,521 controls for fourteen types of cancer, including breast (overall, estrogen receptor [ER]-positive, and ER-negative), colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, glioma, head/neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancer, to characterize the shared genetic basis of cancer risk. We identified thirteen pairs of cancers with statistically significant local genetic correlations across eight distinct genomic regions. Specifically, the 5p15.33 region, harboring the TERT and CLPTM1L genes, showed statistically significant local genetic correlations for multiple cancer pairs. We conducted a cross-cancer fine-mapping of the 5p15.33 region based on eight cancers that showed genome-wide significant associations in this region (ER-negative breast, colorectal, glioma, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer). We used an iterative analysis pipeline implementing a subset-based meta-analysis approach based on cancer-specific conditional analyses and identified ten independent cross-cancer associations within this region. For each signal, we conducted cross-cancer fine-mapping to prioritize the most plausible causal variants. Our findings provide a more in-depth understanding of the shared inherited basis across human cancers and expand our knowledge of the 5p15.33 region in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arunabha Majumdar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin M. Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helian Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jacques Simard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Iona C. Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen R. Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study (CORECT)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colon Cancer Family Registry Study (CCFR)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy A. O’Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium (ECAC)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Janusz Jankowski
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esophageal Cancer GWAS Consortium
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa L. Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Glioma International Case Control Consortium (GICC)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Andy R. Ness
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Head-Neck Cancer GWAS Consortium
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria T. Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James D. McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Brossard
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark M. Iles
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew H. Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanoma GWAS Consortium
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michelle R. Jones
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stacey J. Winham
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gloria Petersen
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian M. Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PANC4)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fredrick R. Schumacher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - PRACTICAL consortium
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - CRUK
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - BPC3
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - CAPS
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - PEGASUS
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Renal Cancer GWAS Consortium
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Functional Genomics of Multifactorial Diseases Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laufey T. Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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