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Hou S, Guo X, Du J, Ding X, Ning X, Wang H, Chen H, Liu B, Lan Y. New insights into the endothelial origin of hematopoietic system inspired by "TIF" approaches. BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00199. [PMID: 39027902 PMCID: PMC11254119 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are derived from a specialized subset of endothelial cells named hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) via a process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition during embryogenesis. Recently, with the usage of multiple single-cell technologies and advanced genetic lineage tracing techniques, namely, "TIF" approaches that combining transcriptome, immunophenotype and function/fate analyses, massive new insights have been achieved regarding the cellular and molecular evolution underlying the emergence of HSPCs from embryonic vascular beds. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the enrichment markers, functional characteristics, developmental paths, molecular controls, and the embryonic site-relevance of the key intermediate cell populations bridging embryonic vascular and hematopoietic systems, namely HECs and pre-hematopoietic stem cells, the immediate progenies of some HECs, in mouse and human embryos. Specifically, using expression analyses at both transcriptional and protein levels and especially efficient functional assays, we propose that the onset of Kit expression is at the HEC stage, which has previously been controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hou
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Ding
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Yokomizo T. Hematopoietic Cluster Formation: An Essential Prelude to Blood Cell Genesis. Exp Hematol 2024:104284. [PMID: 39032856 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Adult blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the origin of which can be traced back to fetal developmental stages. Indeed, during mouse development, at days 10-11 of gestation, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is a primary site of HSC production, with characteristic cell clusters related to stem cell genesis observed in the dorsal aorta. Similar clusters linked with hematopoiesis are also observed in the other sites such as the yolk sac and placenta. In this review, I outline the formation and function of these clusters, focusing on the well-characterized intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters (IAHCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomasa Yokomizo
- Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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3
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Weijts B, Robin C. Capturing embryonic hematopoiesis in temporal and spatial dimensions. Exp Hematol 2024:104257. [PMID: 38897373 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the ability to sustain the continuous production of all blood cell types throughout an organism's lifespan. Although primarily located in the bone marrow of adults, HSCs originate during embryonic development. Visualization of the birth of HSCs, their developmental trajectory, and the specific interactions with their successive niches have significantly contributed to our understanding of the biology and mechanics governing HSC formation and expansion. Intravital techniques applied to live embryos or non-fixed samples have remarkably provided invaluable insights into the cellular and anatomical origins of HSCs. These imaging technologies have also shed light on the dynamic interactions between HSCs and neighboring cell types within the surrounding microenvironment or niche, such as endothelial cells or macrophages. This review delves into the advancements made in understanding the origin, production, and cellular interactions of HSCs, particularly during the embryonic development of mice and zebrafish, focusing on studies employing (live) imaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Fowler JL, Zheng SL, Nguyen A, Chen A, Xiong X, Chai T, Chen JY, Karigane D, Banuelos AM, Niizuma K, Kayamori K, Nishimura T, Cromer MK, Gonzalez-Perez D, Mason C, Liu DD, Yilmaz L, Miquerol L, Porteus MH, Luca VC, Majeti R, Nakauchi H, Red-Horse K, Weissman IL, Ang LT, Loh KM. Lineage-tracing hematopoietic stem cell origins in vivo to efficiently make human HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1110-1131.e22. [PMID: 38569552 PMCID: PMC11072092 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The developmental origin of blood-forming hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a longstanding question. Here, our non-invasive genetic lineage tracing in mouse embryos pinpoints that artery endothelial cells generate HSCs. Arteries are transiently competent to generate HSCs for 2.5 days (∼E8.5-E11) but subsequently cease, delimiting a narrow time frame for HSC formation in vivo. Guided by the arterial origins of blood, we efficiently and rapidly differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into posterior primitive streak, lateral mesoderm, artery endothelium, hemogenic endothelium, and >90% pure hematopoietic progenitors within 10 days. hPSC-derived hematopoietic progenitors generate T, B, NK, erythroid, and myeloid cells in vitro and, critically, express hallmark HSC transcription factors HLF and HOXA5-HOXA10, which were previously challenging to upregulate. We differentiated hPSCs into highly enriched HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors with near-stoichiometric efficiency by blocking formation of unwanted lineages at each differentiation step. hPSC-derived HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors could avail both basic research and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Fowler
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sherry Li Zheng
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alana Nguyen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaochen Xiong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy Chai
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie Y Chen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allison M Banuelos
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kouta Niizuma
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kensuke Kayamori
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Charlotte Mason
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Daniel Dan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leyla Yilmaz
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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5
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Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
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6
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Cardeira-da-Silva J, Wang Q, Sagvekar P, Mintcheva J, Latting S, Günther S, Ramadass R, Yekelchyk M, Preussner J, Looso M, Junker JP, Stainier DYR. Antigen presentation plays positive roles in the regenerative response to cardiac injury in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3637. [PMID: 38684665 PMCID: PMC11058276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to adult mammals, adult zebrafish can fully regenerate injured cardiac tissue, and this regeneration process requires an adequate and tightly controlled immune response. However, which components of the immune response are required during regeneration is unclear. Here, we report positive roles for the antigen presentation-adaptive immunity axis during zebrafish cardiac regeneration. We find that following the initial innate immune response, activated endocardial cells (EdCs), as well as immune cells, start expressing antigen presentation genes. We also observe that T helper cells, a.k.a. Cd4+ T cells, lie in close physical proximity to these antigen-presenting EdCs. We targeted Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation by generating cd74a; cd74b mutants, which display a defective immune response. In these mutants, Cd4+ T cells and activated EdCs fail to efficiently populate the injured tissue and EdC proliferation is significantly decreased. cd74a; cd74b mutants exhibit additional defects in cardiac regeneration including reduced cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Notably, Cd74 also becomes activated in neonatal mouse EdCs following cardiac injury. Altogether, these findings point to positive roles for antigen presentation during cardiac regeneration, potentially involving interactions between activated EdCs, classical antigen-presenting cells, and Cd4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Qianchen Wang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pooja Sagvekar
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janita Mintcheva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Latting
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michail Yekelchyk
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jens Preussner
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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7
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Sumanas S. Endocardium gives rise to blood cells in zebrafish embryos. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113736. [PMID: 38308842 PMCID: PMC10993658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the endocardium contributes to hematopoiesis in murine embryos, although definitive evidence to demonstrate the hematopoietic potential of the endocardium is still missing. Here, we use a zebrafish embryonic model to test the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors from the endocardium. By using a combination of expression analysis, time-lapse imaging, and lineage-tracing approaches, we demonstrate that myeloid cells emerge from the endocardium in zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of Etv2/Etsrp or Scl/Tal1, two known master regulators of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, does not affect the emergence of endocardial-derived myeloid cells, while inhibition of Hedgehog signaling results in their reduction. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis followed by experimental validation suggests that the endocardium is the major source of neutrophilic granulocytes. These findings will promote our understanding of alternative mechanisms involved in hematopoiesis, which are likely to be conserved between zebrafish and mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratories, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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8
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Zhang M, Lui KO, Zhou B. Application of New Lineage Tracing Techniques in Cardiovascular Development and Physiology. Circ Res 2024; 134:445-458. [PMID: 38359092 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide in the past 3 decades. Multiple cell lineages undergo dynamic alternations in gene expression, cell state determination, and cell fate conversion to contribute, adapt, and even modulate the pathophysiological processes during disease progression. There is an urgent need to understand the intricate cellular and molecular underpinnings of cardiovascular cell development in homeostasis and pathogenesis. Recent strides in lineage tracing methodologies have revolutionized our understanding of cardiovascular biology with the identification of new cellular origins, fates, plasticity, and heterogeneity within the cardiomyocyte, endothelial, and mesenchymal cell populations. In this review, we introduce the new technologies for lineage tracing of cardiovascular cells and summarize their applications in studying cardiovascular development, diseases, repair, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingJun Zhang
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (M.J., B.Z.)
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (K.O.L.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (M.J., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (B.Z.)
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9
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Yokomizo T, Suda T. Development of the hematopoietic system: expanding the concept of hematopoietic stem cell-independent hematopoiesis. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:161-172. [PMID: 37481335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to nearly all blood cell types and play a central role in blood cell production in adulthood. For many years it was assumed that these roles were similarly responsible for driving the formation of the hematopoietic system during the embryonic period. However, detailed analysis of embryonic hematopoiesis has revealed the presence of hematopoietic cells that develop independently of HSCs both before and after HSC generation. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that HSCs are less involved in the production of functioning blood cells during the embryonic period when there is a much higher contribution from HSC-independent hematopoietic processes. We outline the current understanding and arguments for HSC-dependent and -independent hematopoiesis, mainly focusing on mouse ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomasa Yokomizo
- Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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10
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Haneda Y, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Uchijima Y, Iwase A, Asai R, Kohro T, Wada Y, Kurihara H. Diverse contribution of amniogenic somatopleural cells to cardiovascular development: With special reference to thyroid vasculature. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:59-77. [PMID: 36038963 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The somatopleure serves as the primordium of the amnion, an extraembryonic membrane surrounding the embryo. Recently, we have reported that amniogenic somatopleural cells (ASCs) not only form the amnion but also migrate into the embryo and differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. However, detailed differentiation processes and final distributions of these intra-embryonic ASCs (hereafter referred to as iASCs) remain largely unknown. RESULTS By quail-chick chimera analysis, we here show that iASCs differentiate into various cell types including cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac interstitial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. In the pharyngeal region, they distribute selectively into the thyroid gland and differentiate into vascular endothelial cells to form intra-thyroid vasculature. Explant culture experiments indicated sequential requirement of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling for endothelial differentiation of iASCs. Single-cell transcriptome analysis further revealed heterogeneity and the presence of hemangioblast-like cell population within ASCs, with a switch from FGF to VEGF receptor gene expression. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates novel roles of ASCss especially in heart and thyroid development. It will provide a novel clue for understanding the cardiovascular development of amniotes from embryological and evolutionary perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Haneda
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Nursing Science, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Asai
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Medical Informatics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Chiang IKN, Humphrey D, Mills RJ, Kaltzis P, Pachauri S, Graus M, Saha D, Wu Z, Young P, Sim CB, Davidson T, Hernandez‐Garcia A, Shaw CA, Renwick A, Scott DA, Porrello ER, Wong ES, Hudson JE, Red‐Horse K, del Monte‐Nieto G, Francois M. Sox7-positive endothelial progenitors establish coronary arteries and govern ventricular compaction. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55043. [PMID: 37551717 PMCID: PMC10561369 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac endothelium influences ventricular chamber development by coordinating trabeculation and compaction. However, the endothelial-specific molecular mechanisms mediating this coordination are not fully understood. Here, we identify the Sox7 transcription factor as a critical cue instructing cardiac endothelium identity during ventricular chamber development. Endothelial-specific loss of Sox7 function in mice results in cardiac ventricular defects similar to non-compaction cardiomyopathy, with a change in the proportions of trabecular and compact cardiomyocytes in the mutant hearts. This phenotype is paralleled by abnormal coronary artery formation. Loss of Sox7 function disrupts the transcriptional regulation of the Notch pathway and connexins 37 and 40, which govern coronary arterial specification. Upon Sox7 endothelial-specific deletion, single-nuclei transcriptomics analysis identifies the depletion of a subset of Sox9/Gpc3-positive endocardial progenitor cells and an increase in erythro-myeloid cell lineages. Fate mapping analysis reveals that a subset of Sox7-null endothelial cells transdifferentiate into hematopoietic but not cardiomyocyte lineages. Our findings determine that Sox7 maintains cardiac endothelial cell identity, which is crucial to the cellular cross-talk that drives ventricular compaction and coronary artery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy KN Chiang
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - David Humphrey
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Peter Kaltzis
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Shikha Pachauri
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew Graus
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Diptarka Saha
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Zhijian Wu
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Paul Young
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Choon Boon Sim
- The Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Tara Davidson
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Alexander Renwick
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- The Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative MedicineThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Emily S Wong
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | | | | | - Mathias Francois
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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12
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Liu N, Kawahira N, Nakashima Y, Nakano H, Iwase A, Uchijima Y, Wang M, Wu SM, Minamisawa S, Kurihara H, Nakano A. Notch and retinoic acid signals regulate macrophage formation from endocardium downstream of Nkx2-5. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5398. [PMID: 37669937 PMCID: PMC10480477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitors are enriched in the endocardial cushion and contribute, in a Nkx2-5-dependent manner, to tissue macrophages required for the remodeling of cardiac valves and septa. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of endocardial-hematopoietic transition. In the current study, we identified the regulatory network of endocardial hematopoiesis. Signal network analysis from scRNA-seq datasets revealed that genes in Notch and retinoic acid (RA) signaling are significantly downregulated in Nkx2-5-null endocardial cells. In vivo and ex vivo analyses validate that the Nkx2-5-Notch axis is essential for the generation of both hemogenic and cushion endocardial cells, and the suppression of RA signaling via Dhrs3 expression plays important roles in further differentiation into macrophages. Genetic ablation study revealed that these macrophages are essential in cardiac valve remodeling. In summary, the study demonstrates that the Nkx2-5/Notch/RA signaling plays a pivotal role in macrophage differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norika Liu
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Naofumi Kawahira
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Haruko Nakano
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mei Wang
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan.
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA.
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
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13
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Nakano A, Liu N. Response to Matters Arising: Intercellular genetic tracing of cardiac endothelium in the developing heart. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1513-1514. [PMID: 37348504 PMCID: PMC10765415 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, USA.
| | - Norika Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, USA
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14
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Liu K, Jin H, Zhang S, Tang M, Meng X, Li Y, Pu W, Lui KO, Zhou B. Intercellular genetic tracing of cardiac endothelium in the developing heart. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1502-1512.e3. [PMID: 37348503 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac resident macrophages play vital roles in heart development, homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. Recent studies documented the hematopoietic potential of cardiac endothelium that supports the generation of cardiac macrophages and peripheral blood cells in mice. However, the conclusion was not strongly supported by previous genetic tracing studies, given the non-specific nature of conventional Cre-loxP tracing tools. Here, we develop an intercellular genetic labeling system that can permanently trace heart-specific endothelial cells based on cell-cell interaction in mice. Results from cell-cell contact-mediated genetic fate mapping demonstrate that cardiac endothelial cells do not exhibit hemogenic potential and do not contribute to cardiac macrophages or other circulating blood cells. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Shigeta et al. (2019), published in Developmental Cell. See also the response by Liu and Nakano (2023), published in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hengwei Jin
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Muxue Tang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinfeng Meng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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15
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Calvanese V, Mikkola HKA. The genesis of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2023; 142:519-532. [PMID: 37339578 PMCID: PMC10447622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental hematopoiesis consists of multiple, partially overlapping hematopoietic waves that generate the differentiated blood cells required for embryonic development while establishing a pool of undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for postnatal life. This multilayered design in which active hematopoiesis migrates through diverse extra and intraembryonic tissues has made it difficult to define a roadmap for generating HSCs vs non-self-renewing progenitors, especially in humans. Recent single-cell studies have helped in identifying the rare human HSCs at stages when functional assays are unsuitable for distinguishing them from progenitors. This approach has made it possible to track the origin of human HSCs to the unique type of arterial endothelium in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and document novel benchmarks for HSC migration and maturation in the conceptus. These studies have delivered new insights into the intricate process of HSC generation and provided tools to inform the in vitro efforts to replicate the physiological developmental journey from pluripotent stem cells via distinct mesodermal and endothelial intermediates to HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calvanese
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanna K. A. Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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Abstract
The endothelium is one of the largest organ systems in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Over the last two decades and as a process intimately related to EC dysfunction, an increasing number of studies have also implicated endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as a potentially disease-causal pathobiologic process that is involved in a multitude of differing CVDs. However, EndMT is also involved in physiologic processes (e.g., cardiac development), and transient EndMT may contribute to vascular regeneration in certain contexts. Given that EndMT involves a major alteration in the EC-specific molecular program, and that it potentially contributes to CVD pathobiology, the clinical translation opportunities are significant, but further molecular and translational research is needed to see these opportunities realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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A Prox1 enhancer represses haematopoiesis in the lymphatic vasculature. Nature 2023; 614:343-348. [PMID: 36697821 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional enhancer elements are responsible for orchestrating the temporal and spatial control over gene expression that is crucial for programming cell identity during development1-3. Here we describe a novel enhancer element that is important for regulating the expression of Prox1 in lymphatic endothelial cells. This evolutionarily conserved enhancer is bound by key lymphatic transcriptional regulators including GATA2, FOXC2, NFATC1 and PROX1. Genome editing of the enhancer to remove five nucleotides encompassing the GATA2-binding site resulted in perinatal death of homozygous mutant mice due to profound lymphatic vascular defects. Lymphatic endothelial cells in enhancer mutant mice exhibited reduced expression of genes characteristic of lymphatic endothelial cell identity and increased expression of genes characteristic of haemogenic endothelium, and acquired the capacity to generate haematopoietic cells. These data not only reveal a transcriptional enhancer element important for regulating Prox1 expression and lymphatic endothelial cell identity but also demonstrate that the lymphatic endothelium has haemogenic capacity, ordinarily repressed by Prox1.
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18
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Rossi G, Giger S, Hübscher T, Lutolf MP. Gastruloids as in vitro models of embryonic blood development with spatial and temporal resolution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13380. [PMID: 35927563 PMCID: PMC9352713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastruloids are three-dimensional embryonic organoids that reproduce key features of early mammalian development in vitro with unique scalability, accessibility, and spatiotemporal similarity to real embryos. Recently, we adapted the gastruloid culture conditions to promote cardiovascular development. In this work, we extended these conditions to capture features of embryonic blood development through a combination of immunophenotyping, detailed transcriptomics analysis, and identification of blood stem/progenitor cell potency. We uncovered the emergence of blood progenitor and erythroid-like cell populations in late gastruloids and showed the multipotent clonogenic capacity of these cells, both in vitro and after transplantation into irradiated mice. We also identified the spatial localization near a vessel-like plexus in the anterior portion of gastruloids with similarities to the emergence of blood stem cells in the mouse embryo. These results highlight the potential and applicability of gastruloids to the in vitro study of complex processes in embryonic blood development with spatiotemporal fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Rossi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Hübscher
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Ho VW, Grainger DE, Chagraoui H, Porcher C. Specification of the haematopoietic stem cell lineage: From blood-fated mesodermal angioblasts to haemogenic endothelium. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:59-67. [PMID: 35125239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells emerge from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells in select vascular beds during embryonic development. Specification and commitment to the blood lineage, however, occur before endothelial cells are endowed with haemogenic competence, at the time of mesoderm patterning and production of endothelial cell progenitors (angioblasts). Whilst early blood cell fate specification has long been recognized, very little is known about the mechanisms that induce endothelial cell diversification and progressive acquisition of a blood identity by a subset of these cells. Here, we review the endothelial origin of the haematopoietic system and the complex developmental journey of blood-fated angioblasts. We discuss how recent technological advances will be instrumental to examine the diversity of the embryonic anatomical niches, signaling pathways and downstream epigenetic and transcriptional processes controlling endothelial cell heterogeneity and blood cell fate specification. Ultimately, this will give essential insights into the ontogeny of the cells giving rise to haematopoietic stem cells, that may aid in the development of novel strategies for their in vitro production for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien W Ho
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David E Grainger
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hedia Chagraoui
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Porcher
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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20
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Liu K, Jin H, Tang M, Zhang S, Tian X, Zhang M, Han X, Liu X, Tang J, Pu W, Li Y, He L, Yang Z, Lui KO, Zhou B. Lineage tracing clarifies the cellular origin of tissue-resident macrophages in the developing heart. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213182. [PMID: 35482005 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages play essential functions in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and repair. Recently, the endocardium has been reported as a de novo hemogenic site for the contribution of hematopoietic cells, including cardiac macrophages, during embryogenesis. These observations challenge the current consensus that hematopoiesis originates from the hemogenic endothelium within the yolk sac and dorsal aorta. Whether the developing endocardium has such a hemogenic potential requires further investigation. Here, we generated new genetic tools to trace endocardial cells and reassessed their potential contribution to hematopoietic cells in the developing heart. Fate-mapping analyses revealed that the endocardium contributed minimally to cardiac macrophages and circulating blood cells. Instead, cardiac macrophages were mainly derived from the endothelium during primitive/transient definitive (yolk sac) and definitive (dorsal aorta) hematopoiesis. Our findings refute the concept of endocardial hematopoiesis, suggesting that the developing endocardium gives rise minimally to hematopoietic cells, including cardiac macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Muxue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Fluid mechanics of the zebrafish embryonic heart trabeculation. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010142. [PMID: 35666714 PMCID: PMC9203006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic heart development is a mechanosensitive process, where specific fluid forces are needed for the correct development, and abnormal mechanical stimuli can lead to malformations. It is thus important to understand the nature of embryonic heart fluid forces. However, the fluid dynamical behaviour close to the embryonic endocardial surface is very sensitive to the geometry and motion dynamics of fine-scale cardiac trabecular surface structures. Here, we conducted image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to quantify the fluid mechanics associated with the zebrafish embryonic heart trabeculae. To capture trabecular geometric and motion details, we used a fish line that expresses fluorescence at the endocardial cell membrane, and high resolution 3D confocal microscopy. Our endocardial wall shear stress (WSS) results were found to exceed those reported in existing literature, which were estimated using myocardial rather than endocardial boundaries. By conducting simulations of single intra-trabecular spaces under varied scenarios, where the translational or deformational motions (caused by contraction) were removed, we found that a squeeze flow effect was responsible for most of the WSS magnitude in the intra-trabecular spaces, rather than the shear interaction with the flow in the main ventricular chamber. We found that trabecular structures were responsible for the high spatial variability of the magnitude and oscillatory nature of WSS, and for reducing the endocardial deformational burden. We further found cells attached to the endocardium within the intra-trabecular spaces, which were likely embryonic hemogenic cells, whose presence increased endocardial WSS. Overall, our results suggested that a complex multi-component consideration of both anatomic features and motion dynamics were needed to quantify the trabeculated embryonic heart fluid mechanics. In the embryonic heart, the mechanical forces that blood fluid imposes on the cardiac tissues are known to be important biological stimuli that affect the proper heart development. We thus perform careful quantification of these forces, using the zebrafish embryo as a model. To do this, we perform high resolution imaging of zebrafish embryonic hearts and image-based flow simulations. We find that the use of a particular fish line that expresses fluorescence at the exact boundary between heart tissue and blood, that is the endocardial cell membrane boundary, is important to give high quality results. The heart’s inner surface has uneven trabeculation structures. We find that they cause fluid forces to have spatial variability and an oscillatory nature. We also find that there is a squeezing motion of cardiac tissues on the trabeculation fluid spaces, which is the main mechanism that generated fluid forces. Fluid forces are also affected by a number of cardiac cells that were developing into blood cells, lodged in the trabeculation fluid spaces. Our investigations provide an understanding of the complexity of the fluid forces on the inner surface of the embryonic heart, and our quantifications will be useful to future studies on the biology elicited by these fluid forces.
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22
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Novel insights into embryonic cardiac macrophages. Dev Biol 2022; 488:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Feulner L, van Vliet PP, Puceat M, Andelfinger G. Endocardial Regulation of Cardiac Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050122. [PMID: 35621833 PMCID: PMC9144171 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized form of endothelium that lines the inner side of the heart chambers and plays a crucial role in cardiac development. While comparatively less studied than other cardiac cell types, much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of and by the endocardium over the past two decades. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known regarding endocardial origin and development, the relationship between endocardium and other cardiac cell types, and the various lineages that endocardial cells derive from and contribute to. These processes are driven by key molecular mechanisms such as Notch and BMP signaling. These pathways in particular have been well studied, but other signaling pathways and mechanical cues also play important roles. Finally, we will touch on the contribution of stem cell modeling in combination with single cell sequencing and its potential translational impact for congenital heart defects such as bicuspid aortic valves and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The detailed understanding of cellular and molecular processes in the endocardium will be vital to further develop representative stem cell-derived models for disease modeling and regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Feulner
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Puceat
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
- INSERM U-1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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24
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Mapping human haematopoietic stem cells from haemogenic endothelium to birth. Nature 2022; 604:534-540. [PMID: 35418685 PMCID: PMC9645817 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ontogeny of human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is poorly defined owing to the inability to identify HSCs as they emerge and mature at different haematopoietic sites1. Here we created a single-cell transcriptome map of human haematopoietic tissues from the first trimester to birth and found that the HSC signature RUNX1+HOXA9+MLLT3+MECOM+HLF+SPINK2+ distinguishes HSCs from progenitors throughout gestation. In addition to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, nascent HSCs populated the placenta and yolk sac before colonizing the liver at 6 weeks. A comparison of HSCs at different maturation stages revealed the establishment of HSC transcription factor machinery after the emergence of HSCs, whereas their surface phenotype evolved throughout development. The HSC transition to the liver marked a molecular shift evidenced by suppression of surface antigens reflecting nascent HSC identity, and acquisition of the HSC maturity markers CD133 (encoded by PROM1) and HLA-DR. HSC origin was tracked to ALDH1A1+KCNK17+ haemogenic endothelial cells, which arose from an IL33+ALDH1A1+ arterial endothelial subset termed pre-haemogenic endothelial cells. Using spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence, we visualized this process in ventrally located intra-aortic haematopoietic clusters. The in vivo map of human HSC ontogeny validated the generation of aorta-gonad-mesonephros-like definitive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells, and serves as a guide to improve their maturation to functional HSCs.
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25
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Verma SK, Deshmukh V, Thatcher K, Belanger KK, Rhyner A, Meng S, Holcomb R, Bressan M, Martin J, Cooke J, Wythe J, Widen S, Lincoln J, Kuyumcu-Martinez M. RBFOX2 is required for establishing RNA regulatory networks essential for heart development. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2270-2286. [PMID: 35137168 PMCID: PMC8881802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies identified a strong association between loss of function mutations in RBFOX2 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). There are currently no Rbfox2 mouse models that recapitulate HLHS. Therefore, it is still unknown how RBFOX2 as an RNA binding protein contributes to heart development. To address this, we conditionally deleted Rbfox2 in embryonic mouse hearts and found profound defects in cardiac chamber and yolk sac vasculature formation. Importantly, our Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. To determine the molecular drivers of these cardiac defects, we performed RNA-sequencing in Rbfox2 mutant hearts and identified dysregulated alternative splicing (AS) networks that affect cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by Rho GTPases. We identified two Rho GTPase cycling genes as targets of RBFOX2. Modulating AS of these two genes using antisense oligos led to cell cycle and cell-ECM adhesion defects. Consistently, Rbfox2 mutant hearts displayed cell cycle defects and inability to undergo endocardial-mesenchymal transition, processes dependent on cell-ECM adhesion and that are seen in HLHS. Overall, our work not only revealed that loss of Rbfox2 leads to heart development defects resembling HLHS, but also identified RBFOX2-regulated AS networks that influence cell-ECM communication vital for heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vaibhav Deshmukh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - KarryAnne K Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander M Rhyner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard Joshua Holcomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd. Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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26
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Weijts B, Yvernogeau L, Robin C. Recent Advances in Developmental Hematopoiesis: Diving Deeper With New Technologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790379. [PMID: 34899758 PMCID: PMC8652083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The journey of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) involves the passage through successive anatomical sites where HSCs are in direct contact with their surrounding microenvironment, also known as niche. These spatial and temporal cellular interactions throughout development are required for the acquisition of stem cell properties, and for maintaining the HSC pool through balancing self-renewal, quiescence and lineage commitment. Understanding the context and consequences of these interactions will be imperative for our understanding of HSC biology and will lead to the improvement of in vitro production of HSCs for clinical purposes. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is in this light of particular interest since this is the cradle of HSC emergence during the embryonic development of all vertebrate species. In this review, we will focus on the developmental origin of HSCs and will discuss the novel technological approaches and recent progress made to identify the cellular composition of the HSC supportive niche and the underlying molecular events occurring in the AGM region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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27
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Moazzen H, Venger K, Kant S, Leube RE, Krusche CA. Desmoglein 2 regulates cardiogenesis by restricting hematopoiesis in the developing murine heart. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21687. [PMID: 34737300 PMCID: PMC8569146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac morphogenesis relies on intricate intercellular signaling. Altered signaling impacts cardiac function and is detrimental to embryonic survival. Here we report an unexpected regulatory role of the desmosomal cell adhesion molecule desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) on murine heart development. A large percentage of Dsg2-mutant embryos develop pericardial hemorrhage. Lethal myocardial rupture is occasionally observed, which is not associated with loss of cardiomyocyte contact but with expansion of abnormal, non-myocyte cell clusters within the myocardial wall. Two types of abnormal cell clusters can be distinguished: Type A clusters involve endocard-associated, round-shaped CD31+ cells, which proliferate and invade the myocardium. They acquire Runx1- and CD44-positivity indicating a shift towards a hematopoietic phenotype. Type B clusters expand subepicardially and next to type A clusters. They consist primarily of Ter119+ erythroid cells with interspersed Runx1+/CD44+ cells suggesting that they originate from type A cell clusters. The observed pericardial hemorrhage is caused by migration of erythrocytes from type B clusters through the epicardium and rupture of the altered cardiac wall. Finally, evidence is presented that structural defects of Dsg2-depleted cardiomyocytes are primary to the observed pathogenesis. We propose that cardiomyocyte-driven paracrine signaling, which likely involves Notch1, directs subsequent trans-differentiation of endo- and epicardial cells. Together, our observations uncover a hitherto unknown regulatory role of Dsg2 in cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Moazzen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Venger
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Claudia A Krusche
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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28
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Howell ED, Yzaguirre AD, Gao P, Lis R, He B, Lakadamyali M, Rafii S, Tan K, Speck NA. Efficient hemogenic endothelial cell specification by RUNX1 is dependent on baseline chromatin accessibility of RUNX1-regulated TGFβ target genes. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1475-1489. [PMID: 34675061 PMCID: PMC8559682 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348738.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Howell et al. found that the ability of RUNX1 to promote endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. Their work provides insight into the regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo in the embryo from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) that requires the transcription factor RUNX1. Ectopic expression of RUNX1 alone can efficiently promote EHT and HSPC formation from embryonic endothelial cells (ECs), but less efficiently from fetal or adult ECs. Efficiency correlated with baseline accessibility of TGFβ-related genes associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and participation of AP-1 and SMAD2/3 to initiate further chromatin remodeling along with RUNX1 at these sites. Activation of TGFβ signaling improved the efficiency with which RUNX1 specified fetal ECs as HECs. Thus, the ability of RUNX1 to promote EHT depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. This work provides insight into regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Howell
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirre
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bing He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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29
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Beliën H, Evens L, Hendrikx M, Bito V, Bronckaers A. Combining stem cells in myocardial infarction: The road to superior repair? Med Res Rev 2021; 42:343-373. [PMID: 34114238 DOI: 10.1002/med.21839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction irreversibly destroys millions of cardiomyocytes in the ventricle, making it the leading cause of heart failure worldwide. Over the past two decades, many progenitor and stem cell types were proposed as the ideal candidate to regenerate the heart after injury. The potential of stem cell therapy has been investigated thoroughly in animal and human studies, aiming at cardiac repair by true tissue replacement, by immune modulation, or by the secretion of paracrine factors that stimulate endogenous repair processes. Despite some successful results in animal models, the outcome from clinical trials remains overall disappointing, largely due to the limited stem cell survival and retention after transplantation. Extensive interest was developed regarding the combinational use of stem cells and various priming strategies to improve the efficacy of regenerative cell therapy. In this review, we provide a critical discussion of the different stem cell types investigated in preclinical and clinical studies in the field of cardiac repair. Moreover, we give an update on the potential of stem cell combinations as well as preconditioning and explore the future promises of these novel regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Beliën
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lize Evens
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marc Hendrikx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bito
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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30
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Pethe P, Noel VS, Kale V. Deterministic role of sonic hedgehog signalling pathway in specification of hemogenic versus endocardiogenic endothelium from differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203685. [PMID: 33994358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been shown to have an ability to form a large number of functional endothelial cells in vitro, but generating organ-specific endothelial cells remains a challenge. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is one of the crucial developmental pathways that control differentiation of many embryonic cell types such as neuroectodermal, primitive gut tube and developing limb buds; SHH pathway is important for functioning of adult cell of skin, bone, liver as well as it regulates haematopoiesis. Misregulation of SHH pathway leads to cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, etc. However, its role in differentiation of human ESCs into endothelial cells has not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined the role of SHH signalling pathway in endothelial differentiation of hESCs by growing them in the presence of an SHH agonist (purmorphamine) and an SHH antagonist (SANT-1) for a period of 6 days. Interestingly, we found that activation of SHH pathway led to a higher expression of set of transcription factors such as BRACHYURY, GATA2 and RUNX1, thus favouring hemogenic endothelium; whereas inhibition of SHH pathway led to a reduced expression of set of markers such as RUNX1 and BRACHURY, and an increased expression of set of markers - NFATC1, c-KIT, GATA4, CD31 & CD34, thus favouring endocardiogenic endothelium. The results of this study have revealed the previously unreported deterministic role of SHH pathway in specification of endothelial cells differentiated from human ESCs into hemogenic vs. endocardiogenic lineage; this finding could have major implications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
| | - Vinnie Sharon Noel
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
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31
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Li H, Wang J, Huang K, Zhang T, Gao L, Yang S, Yi W, Niu Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang G, Tao K, Wang L, Cai K. Nkx2.5 Functions as a Conditional Tumor Suppressor Gene in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Acting as a Transcriptional Coactivator in p53-Mediated p21 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648045. [PMID: 33869046 PMCID: PMC8047315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2.5), a homeobox-containing transcription factor, is associated with a spectrum of congenital heart diseases. Recently, Nkx2.5 was also found to be differentially expressed in several kinds of tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and cells, hypermethylation of Nkx2.5 was observed. However, the roles of Nkx2.5 in CRC cells have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between Nkx2.5 and CRC by analyzing the expression pattern of Nkx2.5 in CRC samples and the adjacent normal colonic mucosa (NCM) samples, as well as in CRC cell lines. We found higher expression of Nkx2.5 in CRC compared with NCM samples. CRC cell lines with poorer differentiation also had higher expression of Nkx2.5. Although this expression pattern makes Nkx2.5 seem like an oncogene, in vitro and in vivo tumor suppressive effects of Nkx2.5 were detected in HCT116 cells by establishing Nkx2.5-overexpressed CRC cells. However, Nkx2.5 overexpression was incapacitated in SW480 cells. To further assess the mechanism, different expression levels and mutational status of p53 were observed in HCT116 and SW480 cells. The expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a downstream antitumor effector of p53, in CRC cells depends on both expression level and mutational status of p53. Overexpressed Nkx2.5 could elevate the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 only in CRC cells with wild-type p53 (HCT116), rather than in CRC cells with mutated p53 (SW480). Mechanistically, Nkx2.5 could interact with p53 and increase the transcription of p21WAF1/CIP1 without affecting the expression of p53. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Nkx2.5 could act as a conditional tumor suppressor gene in CRC cells with respect to the mutational status of p53. The tumor suppressive effect of Nkx2.5 could be mediated by its role as a transcriptional coactivator in wild-type p53-mediated p21WAF1/CIP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangyang Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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32
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Collart C, Ciccarelli A, Ivanovitch K, Rosewell I, Kumar S, Kelly G, Edwards A, Smith JC. The migratory pathways of the cells that form the endocardium, dorsal aortae, and head vasculature in the mouse embryo. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 21:8. [PMID: 33752600 PMCID: PMC7986287 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-021-00239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Vasculogenesis in amniotes is often viewed as two spatially and temporally distinct processes, occurring in the yolk sac and in the embryo. However, the spatial origins of the cells that form the primary intra-embryonic vasculature remain uncertain. In particular, do they obtain their haemato-endothelial cell fate in situ, or do they migrate from elsewhere? Recently developed imaging techniques, together with new Tal1 and existing Flk1 reporter mouse lines, have allowed us to investigate this question directly, by visualising cell trajectories live and in three dimensions. Results We describe the pathways that cells follow to form the primary embryonic circulatory system in the mouse embryo. In particular, we show that Tal1-positive cells migrate from within the yolk sac, at its distal border, to contribute to the endocardium, dorsal aortae and head vasculature. Other Tal1 positive cells, similarly activated within the yolk sac, contribute to the yolk sac vasculature. Using single-cell transcriptomics and our imaging, we identify VEGF and Apela as potential chemo-attractants that may regulate the migration into the embryo. The dorsal aortae and head vasculature are known sites of secondary haematopoiesis; given the common origins that we observe, we investigate whether this is also the case for the endocardium. We discover cells budding from the wall of the endocardium with high Tal1 expression and diminished Flk1 expression, indicative of an endothelial to haematopoietic transition. Conclusions In contrast to the view that the yolk sac and embryonic circulatory systems form by two separate processes, our results indicate that Tal1-positive cells from the yolk sac contribute to both vascular systems. It may be that initial Tal1 activation in these cells is through a common mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12861-021-00239-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Collart
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - A Ciccarelli
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - K Ivanovitch
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - I Rosewell
- Genetic Modification Service, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Photonics Group, 606 Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - G Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - A Edwards
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - J C Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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33
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Neo WH, Lie-A-Ling M, Fadlullah MZH, Lacaud G. Contributions of Embryonic HSC-Independent Hematopoiesis to Organogenesis and the Adult Hematopoietic System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631699. [PMID: 33681211 PMCID: PMC7930747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During ontogeny, the establishment of the hematopoietic system takes place in several phases, separated both in time and location. The process is initiated extra-embryonically in the yolk sac (YS) and concludes in the main arteries of the embryo with the formation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Initially, it was thought that HSC-independent hematopoietic YS cells were transient, and only required to bridge the gap to HSC activity. However, in recent years it has become clear that these cells also contribute to embryonic organogenesis, including the emergence of HSCs. Furthermore, some of these early HSC-independent YS cells persist into adulthood as distinct hematopoietic populations. These previously unrecognized abilities of embryonic HSC-independent hematopoietic cells constitute a new field of interest. Here, we aim to provide a succinct overview of the current knowledge regarding the contribution of YS-derived hematopoietic cells to the development of the embryo and the adult hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao Neo
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lie-A-Ling
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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34
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Single cell sequencing reveals endothelial plasticity with transient mesenchymal activation after myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:681. [PMID: 33514719 PMCID: PMC7846794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells play a critical role in the adaptation of tissues to injury. Tissue ischemia induced by infarction leads to profound changes in endothelial cell functions and can induce transition to a mesenchymal state. Here we explore the kinetics and individual cellular responses of endothelial cells after myocardial infarction by using single cell RNA sequencing. This study demonstrates a time dependent switch in endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation associated with transient changes in metabolic gene signatures. Trajectory analysis reveals that the majority of endothelial cells 3 to 7 days after myocardial infarction acquire a transient state, characterized by mesenchymal gene expression, which returns to baseline 14 days after injury. Lineage tracing, using the Cdh5-CreERT2;mT/mG mice followed by single cell RNA sequencing, confirms the transient mesenchymal transition and reveals additional hypoxic and inflammatory signatures of endothelial cells during early and late states after injury. These data suggest that endothelial cells undergo a transient mes-enchymal activation concomitant with a metabolic adaptation within the first days after myocardial infarction but do not acquire a long-term mesenchymal fate. This mesenchymal activation may facilitate endothelial cell migration and clonal expansion to regenerate the vascular network. Endothelial cells play a critical role in the adaptation of tissues to injury and show a remarkable plasticity. Here the authors show, using single cell sequencing, that endothelial cells acquire a transient mesenchymal state associated with metabolic adaptation after myocardial infarction.
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35
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Seco P, Martins GG, Jacinto A, Tavares AT. A Bird's Eye View on the Origin of Aortic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605274. [PMID: 33330505 PMCID: PMC7717972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, the hemogenic endothelium of the developing dorsal aorta is the main source of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which will generate all blood cell lineages of the adult organism. The hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) of the dorsal aorta are known to arise from the splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm. However, the specific cell lineages and developmental paths that give rise to aortic HECs are still unclear. Over the past half a century, the scientific debate on the origin of aortic HECs and HSCs has largely focused on two potential and apparently alternative birthplaces, the extraembryonic yolk sac blood islands and the intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm. However, as we argue, both yolk sac blood islands and aortic HECs may have a common hemangioblastic origin. Further insight into aortic HEC development is being gained from fate-mapping studies that address the identity of progenitor cell lineages, rather than their physical location within the developing embryo. In this perspective article, we discuss the current knowledge on the origin of aortic HECs with a particular focus on the evidence provided by studies in the avian embryo, a model that pioneered the field of developmental hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Seco
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriel G Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Jacinto
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Tavares
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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36
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Abstract
Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that, during embryogenesis, form a lining on the inside of the developing heart, which is maintained throughout life. Endocardial cells are an essential source for several lineages of the cardiovascular system including coronary endothelium, endocardial cushion mesenchyme, cardiomyocytes, mural cells, fibroblasts, liver vasculature, adipocytes, and hematopoietic cells. Alterations in the differentiation programs that give rise to these lineages has detrimental effects, including premature lethality or significant structural malformations present at birth. Here, we will review the literature pertaining to the contribution of endocardial cells to valvular, and nonvalvular lineages and highlight critical pathways required for these processes. The lineage differentiation potential of embryonic, and possibly adult, endocardial cells has therapeutic potential in the regeneration of damaged cardiac tissue or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Dye
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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37
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Heck AM, Ishida T, Hadland B. Location, Location, Location: How Vascular Specialization Influences Hematopoietic Fates During Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602617. [PMID: 33282876 PMCID: PMC7691428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, sequential waves of hematopoiesis give rise to blood-forming cells with diverse lineage potentials and self-renewal properties. This process must accomplish two important yet divergent goals: the rapid generation of differentiated blood cells to meet the needs of the developing embryo and the production of a reservoir of hematopoietic stem cells to provide for life-long hematopoiesis in the adult. Vascular beds in distinct anatomical sites of extraembryonic tissues and the embryo proper provide the necessary conditions to support these divergent objectives, suggesting a critical role for specialized vascular niche cells in regulating disparate blood cell fates during development. In this review, we will examine the current understanding of how organ- and stage-specific vascular niche specialization contributes to the development of the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Heck
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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38
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Borasch K, Richardson K, Plendl J. Cardiogenesis with a focus on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:643-655. [PMID: 32319704 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial intraembryonic vasculogenesis occurs in the cardiogenic mesoderm. Here, a cell population of proendocardial cells detaches from the mesoderm that subsequently generates the single endocardial tube by forming vascular plexuses. In the course of embryogenesis, the endocardium retains vasculogenic, angiogenic and haematopoietic potential. The coronary blood vessels that sustain the rapidly expanding myocardium develop in the course of the formation of the cardiac loop by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis from progenitor cells of the proepicardial serosa at the venous pole of the heart as well as from the endocardium and endothelial cells of the sinus venosus. Prospective coronary endothelial cells and progenitor cells of the coronary blood vessel walls (smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells) originate from different cell populations that are in close spatial as well as regulatory connection with each other. Vasculo- and angiogenesis of the coronary blood vessels are for a large part regulated by the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells. Vasculogenic and angiogenic signalling pathways include the vascular endothelial growth factors, the angiopoietins and the fibroblast growth factors and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Borasch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Kim AJ, Xu N, Yutzey KE. Macrophage lineages in heart valve development and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:663-673. [PMID: 32170926 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous macrophage lineages are present in the aortic and mitral valves of the heart during development and disease. These populations include resident macrophages of embryonic origins and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages prevalent in disease. Soon after birth, macrophages from haematopoietic lineages are recruited to the heart valves, and bone marrow transplantation studies in mice demonstrate that haematopoietic-derived macrophages continue to invest adult valves. During myxomatous heart valve disease, monocyte-derived macrophages are recruited to the heart valves and they contribute to valve degeneration in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Here, we review recent studies of macrophage lineages in heart valve development and disease with discussion of clinical significance and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kim
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Na Xu
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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40
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Gancz D, Raftrey BC, Perlmoter G, Marín-Juez R, Semo J, Matsuoka RL, Karra R, Raviv H, Moshe N, Addadi Y, Golani O, Poss KD, Red-Horse K, Stainier DY, Yaniv K. Distinct origins and molecular mechanisms contribute to lymphatic formation during cardiac growth and regeneration. eLife 2019; 8:44153. [PMID: 31702554 PMCID: PMC6881115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of lymphatics in organ repair and regeneration, due to their importance in immune surveillance and fluid homeostasis. Experimental approaches aimed at boosting lymphangiogenesis following myocardial infarction in mice, were shown to promote healing of the heart. Yet, the mechanisms governing cardiac lymphatic growth remain unclear. Here, we identify two distinct lymphatic populations in the hearts of zebrafish and mouse, one that forms through sprouting lymphangiogenesis, and the other by coalescence of isolated lymphatic cells. By tracing the development of each subset, we reveal diverse cellular origins and differential response to signaling cues. Finally, we show that lymphatic vessels are required for cardiac regeneration in zebrafish as mutants lacking lymphatics display severely impaired regeneration capabilities. Overall, our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying lymphatic formation during development and regeneration, opening new avenues for interventions targeting specific lymphatic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gancz
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Brian C Raftrey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Gal Perlmoter
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan Semo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ravi Karra
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Hila Raviv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Moshe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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41
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Endocardium differentiation through Sox17 expression in endocardium precursor cells regulates heart development in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11953. [PMID: 31420575 PMCID: PMC6697751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is the endothelial component of the vertebrate heart and plays a key role in heart development. Where, when, and how the endocardium segregates during embryogenesis have remained largely unknown, however. We now show that Nkx2-5+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that express the Sry-type HMG box gene Sox17 from embryonic day (E) 7.5 to E8.5 specifically differentiate into the endocardium in mouse embryos. Although Sox17 is not essential or sufficient for endocardium fate, it can bias the fate of CPCs toward the endocardium. On the other hand, Sox17 expression in the endocardium is required for heart development. Deletion of Sox17 specifically in the mesoderm markedly impaired endocardium development with regard to cell proliferation and behavior. The proliferation of cardiomyocytes, ventricular trabeculation, and myocardium thickening were also impaired in a non-cell-autonomous manner in the Sox17 mutant, likely as a consequence of down-regulation of NOTCH signaling. An unknown signal, regulated by Sox17 and required for nurturing of the myocardium, is responsible for the reduction in NOTCH-related genes in the mutant embryos. Our results thus provide insight into differentiation of the endocardium and its role in heart development.
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42
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Abstract
Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that form the innermost layer of the heart wall. By virtue of genetic lineage-tracing technology, many of the unexpected roles of endocardium during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration have been identified recently. In addition to heart valves developed from the well-known endothelial to mesenchymal transition, recent fate-mapping studies using mouse models reveal that multiple cardiac cell lineages are also originated from the endocardium. This review focuses on a variety of different cell types that are recently reported to be endocardium derived during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration. These multiple cell fates underpin the unprecedented roles of endocardial progenitors in function, pathological progression, and regeneration of the heart. Because emerging studies suggest that developmental mechanisms can be redeployed and recapitulated in promoting heart disease development and also cardiac repair and regeneration, understanding the mechanistic regulation of endocardial plasticity and modulation of their cell fate conversion may uncover new therapeutic potential in facilitating heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (H.Z., B.Z.); School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (H.Z., B.Z.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.); and Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.).
| | - Kathy O Lui
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (H.Z., B.Z.); School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (H.Z., B.Z.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.); and Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.).
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (H.Z., B.Z.); School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (H.Z., B.Z.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.); and Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.).
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43
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Boss AL, Chamley LW, James JL. Placental formation in early pregnancy: how is the centre of the placenta made? Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:750-760. [PMID: 30257012 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct development of the placenta is critical to establishing pregnancy and inadequate placentation leads to implantation failure and miscarriage, as well as later gestation pregnancy disorders. Much attention has been focused on the placental trophoblasts and it is clear that the trophoblast lineages arise from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. In contrast, the cells of the placental mesenchyme are thought to arise from the inner cell mass, but the details of this process are limited. Due to ethical constraints and the inaccessibility of very early implantation tissues, our knowledge of early placentation has been largely based on historical histological sections. More recently, stem cell technologies have begun to shed important new light on the origins of the placental mesenchymal lineages. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to amalgamate the older and more modern literature regarding the origins of the non-trophoblast lineages of the human placenta. We highlight ways in which rapidly developing stem cell technologies may shed new light on these crucial peri-implantation events. SEARCH METHODS Relevant articles were identified using the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engines. A pearl growing method was used to expand the scope of papers relevant to the cell differentiation events of non-trophoblast placental lineages. OUTCOMES At the start of pregnancy, cells of the extraembyronic mesoderm migrate to underlie the primitive trophoblast layers forming the first placental villi. The mesenchymal cells in the villus core most likely originate from the hypoblast of the embryo, but whether cells from the epiblast also contribute is yet to be determined. This is important because, following the formation of the villus core, vasculogenesis and haematopoiesis take place in the nascent placenta before it is connected to the embryonic circulation, making it likely that haematopoietic foci, placental macrophages, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells all arise in the placenta de novo. Evidence from the stem cell field indicates that these cells could directly differentiate from the extraembryonic mesoderm. However, the lineage hierarchy involved in cell fate decisions has not been well-established. Mesodermal progenitors capable of differentiating into both vascular and haematopoietic lineages can be derived from human embryonic stem cells, but the identification of such stem cells in the placenta is lacking. Future work profiling rare progenitor populations in early placentae will aid our understanding of early placentation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding the origins of the cell lineages of the normal placenta will help us understand why so many pregnancies fail and address mechanisms that may salvage some of these losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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44
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Shigeta A, Huang V, Zuo J, Besada R, Nakashima Y, Lu Y, Ding Y, Pellegrini M, Kulkarni RP, Hsiai T, Deb A, Zhou B, Nakano H, Nakano A. Endocardially Derived Macrophages Are Essential for Valvular Remodeling. Dev Cell 2019; 48:617-630.e3. [PMID: 30799229 PMCID: PMC6440481 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, de novo hematopoiesis occurs transiently in multiple anatomical sites including the yolk sac, dorsal aorta, and heart tube. A long-unanswered question is whether these local transient hematopoietic mechanisms are essential for embryonic growth. Here, we show that endocardial hematopoiesis is critical for cardiac valve remodeling as a source of tissue macrophages. Colony formation assay from explanted heart tubes and genetic lineage tracing with the endocardial specific Nfatc1-Cre mouse revealed that hemogenic endocardium is a de novo source of tissue macrophages in the endocardial cushion, the primordium of the cardiac valves. Surface marker characterization, gene expression profiling, and ex vivo phagocytosis assay revealed that the endocardially derived cardiac tissue macrophages play a phagocytic and antigen presenting role. Indeed, genetic ablation of endocardially derived macrophages caused severe valve malformation. Together, these data suggest that transient hemogenic activity in the endocardium is indispensable for the valvular tissue remodeling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Shigeta
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vincent Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rana Besada
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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45
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Pawlak M, Kedzierska KZ, Migdal M, Karim AN, Ramilowski JA, Bugajski L, Hashimoto K, Marconi A, Piwocka K, Carninci P, Winata CL. Dynamics of cardiomyocyte transcriptome and chromatin landscape demarcates key events of heart development. Genome Res 2019; 29:506-519. [PMID: 30760547 PMCID: PMC6396412 DOI: 10.1101/gr.244491.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organogenesis involves dynamic regulation of gene transcription and complex multipathway interactions. Despite our knowledge of key factors regulating various steps of heart morphogenesis, considerable challenges in understanding its mechanism still exist because little is known about their downstream targets and interactive regulatory network. To better understand transcriptional regulatory mechanism driving heart development and the consequences of its disruption in vivo, we performed time-series analyses of the transcriptome and genome-wide chromatin accessibility in isolated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from wild-type zebrafish embryos at developmental stages corresponding to heart tube morphogenesis, looping, and maturation. We identified genetic regulatory modules driving crucial events of heart development that contained key cardiac TFs and are associated with open chromatin regions enriched for DNA sequence motifs belonging to the family of the corresponding TFs. Loss of function of cardiac TFs Gata5, Tbx5a, and Hand2 affected the cardiac regulatory networks and caused global changes in chromatin accessibility profile, indicating their role in heart development. Among regions with differential chromatin accessibility in mutants were highly conserved noncoding elements that represent putative enhancers driving heart development. The most prominent gene expression changes, which correlated with chromatin accessibility modifications within their proximal promoter regions, occurred between heart tube morphogenesis and looping, and were associated with metabolic shift and hematopoietic/cardiac fate switch during CM maturation. Our results revealed the dynamic regulatory landscape throughout heart development and identified interactive molecular networks driving key events of heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pawlak
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Z Kedzierska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Migdal
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abu Nahia Karim
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lukasz Bugajski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Cytometry, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Aleksandra Marconi
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Cytometry, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Cecilia L Winata
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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46
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Horton AJ, Brooker J, Streitfeld WS, Flessa ME, Pillai B, Simpson R, Clark CD, Gooz MB, Sutton KK, Foley AC, Lee KH. Nkx2-5 Second Heart Field Target Gene Ccdc117 Regulates DNA Metabolism and Proliferation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1738. [PMID: 30742009 PMCID: PMC6370788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5 is essential for normal outflow tract (OFT) and right ventricle (RV) development. Nkx2-5-/- null mouse embryos display severe OFT and RV hypoplasia and a single ventricle phenotype due to decreased proliferation of Second Heart Field (SHF) cells, a pool of cardiac progenitors present in anterior pharyngeal arch mesoderm at mid-gestation. However, definition of the precise role of Nkx2-5 in facilitating SHF expansion is incomplete. We have found that Nkx2-5 positively and directly regulates a novel target gene, Ccdc117, in cells of the SHF at these stages. The nuclear/mitotic spindle associated protein Ccdc117 interacts with the MIP18/MMS19 cytoplasmic iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster assembly (CIA) complex, which transfers critical FeS clusters to several key enzymes with functions in DNA repair and replication. Loss of cellular Ccdc117 expression results in reduced proliferation rates associated with a delay at the G1-S transition, decreased rates of DNA synthesis, and unresolved DNA damage. These results implicate a novel role for Nkx2-5 in the regulation of cell cycle events in the developing heart, through Ccdc117's interaction with elements of the CIA pathway and the facilitation of DNA replication during SHF expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Horton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - John Brooker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - William S Streitfeld
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Meaghan E Flessa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Balakrishnan Pillai
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Raychel Simpson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Christopher D Clark
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Monika B Gooz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kimberly K Sutton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ann C Foley
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University - MUSC, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University - MUSC, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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47
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Markwald RR, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Ghatak S, Misra S, Norris RA, Sugi Y. Role of Periostin in Cardiac Valve Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:177-191. [PMID: 31037635 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although periostin plays a significant role in adult cardiac remodeling diseases, the focus of this review is on periostin as a valvulogenic gene. Periostin is expressed throughout valvular development, initially being expressed in endocardial endothelial cells that have been activated to transform into prevalvular mesenchyme termed "cushion tissues" that sustain expression of periostin throughout their morphogenesis into mature (compacted) valve leaflets. The phenotype of periostin null indicates that periostin is not required for endocardial transformation nor the proliferation of its mesenchymal progeny but rather promotes cellular behaviors that promote migration, survival (anti-apoptotic), differentiation into fibroblastic lineages, collagen secretion and postnatal remodeling/maturation. These morphogenetic activities are promoted or coordinated by periostin signaling through integrin receptors activating downstream kinases in cushion cells that activate hyaluronan synthetase II (Akt/PI3K), collagen synthesis (Erk/MapK) and changes in cytoskeletal organization (Pak1) which regulate postnatal remodeling of cells and associated collagenous matrix into a trilaminar (zonal) histoarchitecture. Pak1 binding to filamin A is proposed as one mechanism by which periostin supports remodeling. The failure to properly remodel cushions sets up a trajectory of degenerative (myxomatous-like) changes that over time reduce biomechanical properties and increase chances for prolapse, regurgitation or calcification of the leaflets. Included in the review are considerations of lineage diversity and the role of periostin as a determinant of mesenchymal cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Ricardo A Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yukiko Sugi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
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48
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Slukvin II, Uenishi GI. Arterial identity of hemogenic endothelium: a key to unlock definitive hematopoietic commitment in human pluripotent stem cell cultures. Exp Hematol 2018; 71:3-12. [PMID: 30500414 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the de novo production of blood cells for transfusion, immunotherapies, and transplantation. However, even with advanced hematopoietic differentiation methods, the primitive and myeloid-restricted waves of hematopoiesis dominate in hPSC differentiation cultures, whereas cell surface markers to distinguish these waves of hematopoiesis from lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis remain unknown. In the embryo, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise from hemogenic endothelium (HE) lining arteries, but not veins. This observation led to a long-standing hypothesis that arterial specification is an essential prerequisite to initiate the HSC program. It has also been established that lymphoid potential in the yolk sac and extraembryonic vasculature is mostly confined to arteries, whereas myeloid-restricted hematopoiesis is not specific to arterial vessels. Here, we review how the link between arterialization and the subsequent definitive multilineage hematopoietic program can be exploited to identify HE enriched in lymphoid progenitors and aid in in vitro approaches to enhance the production of lymphoid cells and potentially HSCs from hPSCs. We also discuss alternative models of hematopoietic specification at arterial sites and recent advances in our understanding of hematopoietic development and the production of engraftable hematopoietic cells from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Gene I Uenishi
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA
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49
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Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the most lethal congenital heart defects, and remains clinically challenging. While surgical palliation allows most HLHS patients to survive their critical heart disease with a single-ventricle physiology, many will suffer heart failure, requiring heart transplantation as the only therapeutic course. Current paradigm suggests HLHS is largely of hemodynamic origin, but recent findings from analysis of the first mouse model of HLHS showed intrinsic cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation defects underlying the left ventricular (LV) hypoplasia. The findings of similar defects of lesser severity in the right ventricle suggest this could contribute to the heart failure risks in surgically palliated HLHS patients. Analysis of 8 independent HLHS mouse lines showed HLHS is genetically heterogeneous and multigenic in etiology. Detailed analysis of the Ohia mouse line accompanied by validation studies in CRISPR gene-targeted mice revealed a digenic etiology for HLHS. Mutation in Sap130, a component of the HDAC repressor complex, was demonstrated to drive the LV hypoplasia, while mutation in Pcdha9, a protocadherin cell adhesion molecule played a pivotal role in the valvular defects associated with HLHS. Based on these findings, we propose a new paradigm in which complex CHD such as HLHS may arise in a modular fashion, mediated by multiple mutations. The finding of intrinsic cardiomyocyte defects would suggest hemodynamic intervention may not rescue LV growth. The profound genetic heterogeneity and oligogenic etiology indicated for HLHS would suggest that the genetic landscape of HLHS may be complex and more accessible in clinical studies built on a familial study design.
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50
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Koyano-Nakagawa N, Garry DJ. Etv2 as an essential regulator of mesodermal lineage development. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1294-1306. [PMID: 28859300 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'master regulatory factors' that position at the top of the genetic hierarchy of lineage determination have been a focus of intense interest, and have been investigated in various systems. Etv2/Etsrp71/ER71 is such a factor that is both necessary and sufficient for the development of haematopoietic and endothelial lineages. As such, genetic ablation of Etv2 leads to complete loss of blood and vessels, and overexpression can convert non-endothelial cells to the endothelial lineage. Understanding such master regulatory role of a lineage is not only a fundamental quest in developmental biology, but also holds immense possibilities in regenerative medicine. To harness its activity and utility for therapeutic interventions, it is essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms, molecular function, and networks that surround Etv2. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of Etv2 biology focused on mouse and human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Koyano-Nakagawa
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th st. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th st. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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