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Martin JJJ, Wu Q, Feng M, Li R, Zhou L, Zhang S, Yang C, Cao H. Lipidomic Profiles of Lipid Biosynthesis in Oil Palm during Fruit Development. Metabolites 2023; 13:727. [PMID: 37367885 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has fleshy mesocarpic tissue rich in lipids. This edible vegetable oil is economically and nutritionally significant across the world. The core concepts of oil biosynthesis in oil palms remain to be researched as the knowledge of oil biosynthesis in plants improves. In this study, we utilized a metabolite approach and mass spectral analysis to characterize metabolite changes and identify the sequences of protein accumulation during the physiological processes that regulate oil synthesis during oil palm fruit ripening. Here, we performed a comprehensive lipidomic data analysis in order to understand the role of lipid metabolism in oil biosynthesis mechanisms. The experimental materials were collected from the mesocarp of oil palm (Tenera) at 95 days (early accumulation of fatty acid, first stage), 125 days (rapid growth of fatty acid accumulation, second stage), and 185 days (stable period of fatty acid accumulation, third stage) after pollination. To gain a clear understanding of the lipid changes that occurred during the growth of the oil palm, the metabolome data were found using principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the accumulations of diacylglycerols, ceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid varied between the developmental stages. Differentially expressed lipids were successfully identified and functionally classified using KEGG analysis. Proteins related to the metabolic pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerphospholipid metabolism were the most significantly changed proteins during fruit development. In this study, LC-MS analysis and evaluation of the lipid profile in different stages of oil palm were performed to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that enhance fruit quality and govern differences in lipid composition and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Qiufei Wu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Meili Feng
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Rui Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Lixia Zhou
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Hongxing Cao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
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Elijah Zharare G, Lukawu Akweni A, Mostert M, Rowland Opoku A. The potential of Strychnos madagascariensis (Poir.) as a source of vegetable oil. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Tzuan GTH, Hashim FH, Raj T, Baseri Huddin A, Sajab MS. Oil Palm Fruits Ripeness Classification Based on the Characteristics of Protein, Lipid, Carotene, and Guanine/Cytosine from the Raman Spectra. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1936. [PMID: 35893639 PMCID: PMC9331806 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of palm oil production is directly affected by the ripeness of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) upon harvesting. Conventional harvesting standards rely on rigid harvesting scheduling as well as the number of fruitlets that have loosened from the bunch. Harvesting is usually done every 10 to 14 days, and an FFB is deemed ready to be harvested if there are around 5 to 10 empty sockets on the fruit bunch. Technology aided by imaging techniques relies heavily on the color of the fruit bunch, which is highly dependent on the surrounding light intensities. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used for ripeness classification of oil palm fruits, based on the molecular assignments extracted from the Raman bands between 1240 cm-1 and 1360 cm-1. The Raman spectra of 52 oil palm fruit samples which contain the fingerprints of different organic compounds were collected. Signal processing was applied to perform baseline correction and to reduce background noises. Characteristic data of the organic compounds were extracted through deconvolution and curve fitting processes. Subsequently, a correlation study between organic compounds was developed and eight hidden Raman peaks including protein, beta carotene, carotene, lipid, guanine/cytosine, chlorophyll-a, and tryptophan were successfully located. Through ANOVA statistical analysis, a total of six peak intensities from proteins through Amide III (β-sheet), beta-carotene, carotene, lipid, guanine/cytosine, and carotene and one peak location from lipid were found to be significant. An automated oil palm fruit ripeness classification system deployed with artificial neural network (ANN) using the seven signification features showed an overall performance of 97.9% accuracy. An efficient and accurate ripeness classification model which uses seven significant Raman peak features from the correlation analysis between organic compounds was successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tan Hong Tzuan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; (G.T.H.T.); (T.R.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Fazida Hanim Hashim
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; (G.T.H.T.); (T.R.); (A.B.H.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Thinal Raj
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; (G.T.H.T.); (T.R.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Aqilah Baseri Huddin
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; (G.T.H.T.); (T.R.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Mohd Shaiful Sajab
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Edo GI, Makinde MG, Nwosu LC, Ozgor E, Akhayere E. Physicochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Palm Oil: an Approach for Quality, Safety, and Nutrition Evaluation of Palm Oil. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chemane SSI, Casal S, Cruz R, Pinho T, Khan M, Pinho O, Viegas O. Chemical Characterization of the Oil Separated by Mechanical Pressing from Strychnos madagascariensis Dried Fruit Pulp Flour. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030474. [PMID: 35159624 PMCID: PMC8834184 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mozambique, rural communities produce flours from the dried pulp of Strychnos madagascariensis fruits. Owing to its high lipid content, the oil from this flour is frequently separated by pressing to be used as seasoning and medicine. Aiming to characterize this oil, flour samples (n = 24), dried at two different temperatures (55 °C and 65 °C), were collected from four local communities, together with a control sample prepared in the lab (50 °C). The resulting oil was fluid at room temperature, deep orange, and characterized by a high content of oleic acid (62–63%), followed by palmitic (20%) and linoleic (7%). It contained considerable amounts of tocols (25–34 mg/100 g) and carotenoids (8–10 mg/100 g), as well as sterols (431 ± 10 mg/100 g) and triterpenic alcohols (823 ± 4 mg/100 g mg/100 g). The overall composition was highly consistent between origins and temperatures, with only small statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), mostly between the community dried flours and control group. However, its high free fatty acid content (22–25%) reveals intensive enzymatic hydrolysis during the drying/fermentation steps, whose extension can be reduced by optimizing its technological process. Its chemical profile supports some of its folklore uses, revealing that it can be a promising source of edible oil, with health and technological potential that is worth optimizing and exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S. I. Chemane
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.I.C.); (O.P.); (O.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (T.P.)
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebeca Cruz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Teresa Pinho
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Maida Khan
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 257, Mozambique;
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.I.C.); (O.P.); (O.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Olga Viegas
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.I.C.); (O.P.); (O.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (T.P.)
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Graudal L, Dawson IK, Hale I, Powell W, Hendre P, Jamnadass R. 'Systems approach' plant breeding illustrated by trees. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:158-165. [PMID: 34688564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The linkage in new and creative ways of existing plant breeding methods responsive to different global trends and values provides a 'systems approach' to address a broad set of global production challenges more effectively. Here, we illustrate such an approach through its application to trees, chosen because of their extensive diversity in features, uses, users, production contexts, and domestication pathways. We coin the resulting strategy 'tree diversity breeding' and consider it with reference to trends and values related to participation, environment, biotechnology, and markets as examples. Features of the approach for trees are applicable to plant breeding more widely, as we seek to address complex problems through strategic biodiversity use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Graudal
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Ian K Dawson
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Iago Hale
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Prasad Hendre
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ramni Jamnadass
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
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7
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Predicting Heritability of Oil Palm Breeding Using Phenotypic Traits and Machine Learning. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm is one of the main crops grown to help achieve sustainability in Malaysia. The selection of the best breeds will produce quality crops and increase crop yields. This study aimed to examine machine learning (ML) in oil palm breeding (OPB) using factors other than genetic data. A new conceptual framework to adopt the ML in OPB will be presented at the end of this paper. At first, data types, phenotype traits, current ML models, and evaluation technique will be identified through a literature survey. This study found that the phenotype and genotype data are widely used in oil palm breeding programs. The average bunch weight, bunch number, and fresh fruit bunch are the most important characteristics that can influence the genetic improvement of progenies. Although machine learning approaches have been applied to increase the productivity of the crop, most studies focus on molecular markers or genotypes for plant breeding, rather than on phenotype. Theoretically, the use of phenotypic data related to offspring should predict high breeding values by using ML. Therefore, a new ML conceptual framework to study the phenotype and progeny data of oil palm breeds will be discussed in relation to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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8
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Chew CL, Tan BA, Low JYS, Mohd Hakimi NIN, Kua SF, Lim CM. Exogenous ethylene application on postharvest oil palm fruit bunches improves crude palm oil quality. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5335-5343. [PMID: 34646505 PMCID: PMC8498053 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality and food safety are of paramount importance to the palm oil industry. In this work, we investigated the practicability of ethylene gas exogenous application on post-harvested oil palm fruit bunches to improve the crude palm oil (CPO) quality. The bunches were first exposed to ethylene gas for 24 hr to induce abscission of palm fruits from bunches. The detached fruits were then subjected to heat treatment, mechanical extraction, clarification and drying to produce CPO. Critical quality parameters of CPO produced, that is free fatty acid, deterioration of the bleachability index and triacylglycerol showed improvement with ethylene gas treatment. Contaminant content that is phosphorus, chloride, iron, and copper also showed a reduction in the CPO derived from ethylene-treated bunches. These findings corresponded with low levels of contaminants such as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined oil. The implementation strategy and practicability of this method is herein proposed and discussed. Ethylene application not only improves the CPO quality, but could potentially enhance the process sustainability of palm oil mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Lye Chew
- Sime Darby Plantation Research, R&D Centre – Carey IslandPulau CareyMalaysia
- Chemical Engineering DisciplineSchool of EngineeringMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
- Monash‐Industry Palm Oil Education and Research PlatformSchool of EngineeringMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Bee Aik Tan
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology CentreUPM‐MTDC Technology Centre IIISerdangMalaysia
| | - Jaime Yoke Sum Low
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology CentreUPM‐MTDC Technology Centre IIISerdangMalaysia
| | | | - Shwu Fun Kua
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology CentreUPM‐MTDC Technology Centre IIISerdangMalaysia
| | - Chin Ming Lim
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology CentreUPM‐MTDC Technology Centre IIISerdangMalaysia
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Arce Saavedra T, Bueno-Borges LB, Sangaletti-Gerhard N, de Alencar SM, Regitano-d’Arce MAB. Optimized conventional and ultrasound-assisted ethyl transesterification of jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil mixtures. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1977925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thony Arce Saavedra
- Laboratory of Oils and Fats, Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition. “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Chota, Perú
| | - Larissa Braga Bueno-Borges
- Laboratory of Oils and Fats, Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition. “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pathology and Microbial Control, Department of Entomology and Acarology. “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naiane Sangaletti-Gerhard
- Laboratory of Oils and Fats, Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition. “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Laboratory of Oils and Fats, Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition. “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Aparecida Bismara Regitano-d’Arce
- Laboratory of Oils and Fats, Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition. “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Raj T, Hashim FH, Huddin AB, Hussain A, Ibrahim MF, Abdul PM. Classification of oil palm fresh fruit maturity based on carotene content from Raman spectra. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18315. [PMID: 34526627 PMCID: PMC8443547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The oil yield, measured in oil extraction rate per hectare in the palm oil industry, is directly affected by the ripening levels of the oil palm fresh fruit bunches at the point of harvesting. A rapid, non-invasive and reliable method in assessing the maturity level of oil palm harvests will enable harvesting at an optimum time to increase oil yield. This study shows the potential of using Raman spectroscopy to assess the ripeness level of oil palm fruitlets. By characterizing the carotene components as useful ripeness features, an automated ripeness classification model has been created using machine learning. A total of 46 oil palm fruit spectra consisting of 3 ripeness categories; under ripe, ripe, and over ripe, were analyzed in this work. The extracted features were tested with 19 classification techniques to classify the oil palm fruits into the three ripeness categories. The Raman peak averaging at 1515 cm−1 is shown to be a significant molecular fingerprint for carotene levels, which can serve as a ripeness indicator in oil palm fruits. Further signal analysis on the Raman peak reveals 4 significant sub bands found to be lycopene (ν1a), β-carotene (ν1b), lutein (ν1c) and neoxanthin (ν1d) which originate from the C=C stretching vibration of carotenoid molecules found in the peel of the oil palm fruit. The fine KNN classifier is found to provide the highest overall accuracy of 100%. The classifier employs 6 features: peak intensities of bands ν1a to ν1d and peak positions of bands ν1c and ν1d as predictors. In conclusion, the Raman spectroscopy method has the potential to provide an accurate and effective way in determining the ripeness of oil palm fresh fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinal Raj
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Fazida Hanim Hashim
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aqilah Baseri Huddin
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Hussain
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faisal Ibrahim
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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MacArthur R, Teye E, Darkwa S. Quality and safety evaluation of important parameters in palm oil from major cities in Ghana. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Tiong SH, Nair A, Abd Wahid SA, Saparin N, Ab Karim NA, Ahmad Sabri MP, Md Zain MZ, Teh HF, Adni AS, Ping Tan C, Lai OM, Cheah SS, Appleton DR. Palm oil supply chain factors impacting chlorinated precursors of 3-MCPD esters. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:2012-2025. [PMID: 34407744 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1960430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated compounds such as sphingolipid-based organochlorine compounds are precursors for the formation of 3-monochlororopanediol (3-MCPD) esters in palm oil. This study evaluates the effects of several factors within the palm oil supply chain on the levels of sphingolipid-based organochlorine, which in turn may influence the formation of 3-MCPD esters during refining. These factors include application of inorganic chlorinated fertiliser in the oil palm plantation, bruising and degradation of oil palm fruits after harvest, recycling of steriliser condensate as water for dilution of crude oil during oil palm milling, water washing of palm oil and different refining conditions. It was observed that bruised and degraded oil palm fruits showed higher content of sphingolipid-based organochlorine than control. In addition, recycling steriliser condensate during milling resulted in elevated content of sphingolipid-based organochlorine in palm oil. However, the content of sphingolipid-based organochlorine compounds was reduced by neutralisation, degumming and bleaching steps during refining. Although water washing of crude palm oils (CPO) prior to refining did not reduce the content of sphingolipid-based organochlorine, it did reduce the formation of 3-MCPD esters through the removal of water-soluble chlorinated compounds. It was found that the use of inorganic chlorinated fertiliser in plantations did not increase the content of chlorinated compounds in oil palm fruits and extracted oil, and hence chlorinated fertiliser does not seem to play a role in the formation of 3-MCPD esters in palm oil. Overall, this study concluded that lack of freshness and damage to the fruits during transport to mills, combined with water and oil recycling in mills are the major contributors of chlorinated precursor for 3-MCPD esters formation in palm oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Huat Tiong
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Anusha Nair
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Norliza Saparin
- Sime Darby Plantation Research Sdn Bhd, Carey Island, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mohd Zairey Md Zain
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Huey Fang Teh
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Oi Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - See Siang Cheah
- Sime Darby Plantation Research Sdn Bhd, Carey Island, Malaysia
| | - David Ross Appleton
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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MacArthur RL, Teye E, Darkwa S. Microbial contamination in palm oil selected from markets in major cities of Ghana. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07681. [PMID: 34401564 PMCID: PMC8353302 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study assessed the microbiological contamination of palm oil sold in the major cities of Ghana's oil-producing regions. Seventy samples (10 samples from each region) were randomly collected in sterile bottles and transported aseptically to the laboratory for analysis. AOAC standard methods and procedures were used to isolate and identify bacteria and fungi based on their cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The results were analysed using One-Way ANOVA with 5% significance level, using GraphPad Prism, version 5.0 for windows, and the results presented in graph and tables. The quality of oils was moderately good with total Coliform counts of 2.0×101 ± 6.03 CFU/g and 1.72×103 ± 6.66 CFU/g. Microbial counts from the selected regions were statistically different at P < 0.05. Findings established the absence of yeast and moulds in the oils in addition to extremely pathogenic Coliforms such as Salmonella and Shigella species. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were highlighted as dominant coliforms found in the oils after the assay. The overall findings suggest that the oil from the Greater Accra region was of best quality and safest for consumption. Oil samples from the Central and Ashanti regions were of relatively poor quality recording the highest dominant coliforms. Nonetheless, the presence of the isolated potentially harmful microorganisms in the palm oil samples points to hygienic issues and poses a relative health hazard to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseline Love MacArthur
- University of Cape Coast, School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cape Coast, Ghana.,University of Cape Coast, Faculty of Science & Technology Education, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Teye
- University of Cape Coast, School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sarah Darkwa
- University of Cape Coast, Faculty of Science & Technology Education, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Cape Coast, Ghana
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14
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Sarimana U, Herrero J, Erika P, Indarto N, Wendra F, Santika B, Ritter E, Sembiring Z, Asmono D. Analysis of genetic diversity and discrimination of Oil Palm DxP populations based on the origins of pisifera elite parents. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:134-143. [PMID: 34377061 PMCID: PMC8329876 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A total of 251 Dura cross Pisifera (DxP) hybrid palms from six populations descending from six parental African Pisifera origins and involving 12 progenies were analyzed with 19 selected Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. A total of 110 alleles were produced, ranging from three to eight per SSR, with a mean of 5.8 alleles per SSR locus. Of these, 68.5% were considered shared alleles by more than one population and the remaining 31.5% were population specific alleles. They generated between six and 21 haplotypes in all populations, and depending on the SSR marker, between one and 10 haplotypes within populations. Various parameters for analyzing genetic variability, differentiation and genetic structure were computed using GenAlEx, Structure and Darwin software. The obtained results confirmed microsatellites as a robust, feasible and trustful method for obtaining DNA fingerprints, tracing the source of oil palm samples. With respect to the authenticity of materials or for solving legitimacy issues, accession belonging to each population by SSR markers could be distinguished, but additional SSR should be screened for improving this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upit Sarimana
- Department Research and Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Jln. Basuki Rahmat no. 788 Palembang 30127, Indonesia
| | - Javier Herrero
- NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Pratiwi Erika
- Department Research and Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Jln. Basuki Rahmat no. 788 Palembang 30127, Indonesia
| | - Nurcahyono Indarto
- Department Research and Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Jln. Basuki Rahmat no. 788 Palembang 30127, Indonesia
| | - Fahmi Wendra
- Department Research and Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Jln. Basuki Rahmat no. 788 Palembang 30127, Indonesia
| | - Baitha Santika
- Department Research and Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Jln. Basuki Rahmat no. 788 Palembang 30127, Indonesia
| | - Enrique Ritter
- NEIKER - Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Zulhermana Sembiring
- Department Research and Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Jln. Basuki Rahmat no. 788 Palembang 30127, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Asmono
- Department Research and Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Jln. Basuki Rahmat no. 788 Palembang 30127, Indonesia
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Chew CL, Low LE, Chia WY, Chew KW, Liew ZK, Chan ES, Chan YJ, Kong PS, Show PL. Prospects of Palm Fruit Extraction Technology: Palm Oil Recovery Processes and Quality Enhancement. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1890117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien Lye Chew
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sime Darby Plantation Research, R&D Centre – Carey Island, Pulau Carey, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Liang Ee Low
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Kang Liew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Seng Chan
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sime Darby Plantation Research, R&D Centre – Carey Island, Pulau Carey, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yi Jing Chan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei San Kong
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Dolui AK, Vijayaraj P. A solvent-free delipidation method for functional validation of lipases. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:343. [PMID: 32714738 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting protein in its active form is critical for its functional characterization, and lipid removal is an essential step in the protein extraction process for further downstream applications. In the present study, we revisited the delipidation protocol and developed a rapid, solvent-free delipidation method using activated silica. The delipidated samples showed improved optical clarity and a significant reduction of endogenous lipids. The functional integrity of the lipases present in the delipidated sample was validated by in vitro enzyme assay using physiological substrate which includes neutral lipid as well as phospholipid. The accessibility of active site of the extracted enzymes was demonstrated by activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), a functional chemoproteomic approach. Detection of serine hydrolases using ABPP probe labeling was enhanced upon delipidation. Further, the total polyphenol content was significantly reduced, which helps to enhance the protein enrichment and small-molecule inhibitor screening by ABPP. Collectively, these results suggest that the present solvent-free delipidation approach is efficient and highly compatible with the functional characterization of the enzymes, particularly lipid hydrolases.
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Yousefi M, Mohd Rafie AS, Abd Aziz S, Azrad S, ABD Razak AB. Introduction of current pollination techniques and factors affecting pollination effectiveness by Elaeidobius kamerunicus in oil palm plantations on regional and global scale: A review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 132:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Lau BYC, Othman A. Evaluation of sodium deoxycholate as solubilization buffer for oil palm proteomics analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221052. [PMID: 31415606 PMCID: PMC6695131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein solubility is a critical prerequisite to any proteomics analysis. Combination of urea/thiourea and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) have been routinely used to enhance protein solubilization for oil palm proteomics studies in recent years. The goals of these proteomics analysis are essentially to complement the knowledge regarding the regulation networks and mechanisms of the oil palm fatty acid biosynthesis. Through omics integration, the information is able to build a regulatory model to support efforts in improving the economic value and sustainability of palm oil in the global oil and vegetable market. Our study evaluated the utilization of sodium deoxycholate as an alternative solubilization buffer/additive to urea/thiourea and CHAPS. Efficiency of urea/thiourea/CHAPS, urea/CHAPS, urea/sodium deoxycholate and sodium deoxycholate buffers in solubilizing the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis var. Tenera) mesocarp proteins were compared. Based on the protein yields and electrophoretic profile, combination of urea/thiourea/CHAPS were shown to remain a better solubilization buffer and additive, but the differences with sodium deoxycholate buffer was insignificant. A deeper mass spectrometric and statistical analyses on the identified proteins and peptides from all the evaluated solubilization buffers revealed that sodium deoxycholate had increased the number of identified proteins from oil palm mesocarps, enriched their gene ontologies and reduced the number of carbamylated lysine residues by more than 67.0%, compared to urea/thiourea/CHAPS buffer. Although only 62.0% of the total identified proteins were shared between the urea/thiourea/CHAPS and sodium deoxycholate buffers, the importance of the remaining 38.0% proteins depends on the applications. The only observed limitations to the application of sodium deoxycholate in protein solubilization were the interference with protein quantitation and but it could be easily rectified through a 4-fold dilution. All the proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013255. In conclusion, sodium deoxycholate is applicable in the solubilization of proteins extracted from oil palm mesocarps with higher efficiency compared to urea/thiourea/CHAPS buffer. The sodium deoxycholate buffer is more favorable for proteomics analysis due to its proven advantages over urea/thiourea/CHAPS buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abrizah Othman
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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WITHDRAWN: Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100987. [PMID: 31078649 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most current knowledge about plant lipid metabolism has focused on the biosynthesis of lipids and their transport between different organelles. However, lipid composition changes during development and in response to environmental cues often go beyond adjustments of lipid biosynthesis. When lipids have to be removed to adjust the extent of membranes during down regulation of photosynthesis, or lipid composition has to be adjusted to alter the biophysical properties of membranes, or lipid derived chemical signals have to be produced, lipid-degrading enzymes come into play. This review focuses on glycerolipid acylhydrolases that remove acyl groups from glycerolipids and will highlight their roles in lipid remodeling and lipid-derived signal generation. One emerging theme is that these enzymes are involved in the dynamic movement of acyl groups through different lipid pools, for example from polar membrane lipids to neutral lipids sequestered in lipid droplets during de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. Another example of acyl group sequestration in the form of triacylglycerols in lipid droplets is membrane lipid remodeling in response to abiotic stresses. Fatty acids released for membrane lipids can also give rise to potent signaling molecules and acylhydrolases are therefore often the first step in initiating the formation of these lipid signals.
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21
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Paichid N, Yunu T, Klomklao S, Prasertsan P, Sangkharak K. Enhanced Synthesis of Fatty-Acid Methyl Ester using Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluents and Immobilized Palm Lipase. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Paichid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
| | - Tewan Yunu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
| | - Sappasith Klomklao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Technology and Community Development; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
| | - Poonsuk Prasertsan
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University, Kanjanavanich Road; Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Kanokphorn Sangkharak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
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22
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Rosli R, Chan PL, Chan KL, Amiruddin N, Low ETL, Singh R, Harwood JL, Murphy DJ. In silico characterization and expression profiling of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene family (DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and WS/DGAT) from oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 275:84-96. [PMID: 30107884 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) (diacylglycerol:acyl-CoA acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.20) are a key group of enzymes that catalyse the final and usually the most important rate-limiting step of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants and other organisms. Genes encoding four distinct functional families of DGAT enzymes have been characterised in the genome of the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. The contrasting features of the various isoforms within the four families of DGAT genes, namely DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and WS/DGAT are presented both in the oil palm itself and, for comparative purposes, in 12 other oil crop or model/related plants, namely Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, Brassica napus, Elaeis oleifera, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Musa acuminata, Oryza sativa, Phoenix dactylifera, Sorghum bicolor, and Zea mays. The oil palm genome contains respectively three, two, two and two distinctly expressed functional copies of the DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and WS/DGAT genes. Phylogenetic analyses of the four DGAT families showed that the E. guineensis genes tend to cluster with sequences from P. dactylifera and M. acuminata rather than with other members of the Commelinid monocots group, such as the Poales which include the major cereal crops such as rice and maize. Comparison of the predicted DGAT protein sequences with other animal and plant DGATs was consistent with the E. guineensis DGAT1 being ER located with its active site facing the lumen while DGAT2, although also ER located, had a predicted cytosol-facing active site. In contrast, DGAT3 and some (but not all) WS/DGAT in E. guineensis are predicted to be soluble, cytosolic enzymes. Evaluation of E. guineensis DGAT gene expression in different tissues and developmental stages suggests that the four DGAT groups have distinctive physiological roles and are particularly prominent in developmental processes relating to reproduction, such as flowering, and in fruit/seed formation especially in the mesocarp and endosperm tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozana Rosli
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom; Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pek-Lan Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuang-Lim Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadzirah Amiruddin
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Ti Leslie Low
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Denis J Murphy
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom.
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Bai B, Wang L, Zhang YJ, Lee M, Rahmadsyah R, Alfiko Y, Ye BQ, Purwantomo S, Suwanto A, Chua NH, Yue GH. Developing genome-wide SNPs and constructing an ultrahigh-density linkage map in oil palm. Sci Rep 2018; 8:691. [PMID: 29330432 PMCID: PMC5766616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the leading oil-producing crops and the most important edible oil resource worldwide. DNA markers and genetic linkage maps are essential resources for marker-assisted selection to accelerate genetic improvement. We conducted RAD-seq on an Illumina NextSeq500 to discover genome-wide SNPs, and used the SNPs to construct a linkage map for an oil palm (Tenera) population derived from a cross between a Deli Dura and an AVROS Pisifera. The RAD-seq produced 1,076 million single-end reads across the breeding population containing 155 trees. Mining this dataset detected 510,251 loci. After filtering out loci with low accuracy and more than 20% missing data, 11,394 SNPs were retained. Using these SNPs, in combination with 188 anchor SNPs and 123 microsatellites, we constructed a linkage map containing 10,023 markers covering 16 chromosomes. The map length is 2,938.2 cM with an average marker space of 0.29 cM. The large number of SNPs will supply ample choices of DNA markers in analysing the genetic diversity, population structure and evolution of oil palm. This high-density linkage map will contribute to mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important traits, thus accelerating oil palm genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Le Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Ying Jun Zhang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - May Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | | | - Yuzer Alfiko
- Biotech Lab, Wilmar International, Cikarang, Bekasi, 17530, Indonesia
| | - Bao Qing Ye
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Sigit Purwantomo
- Biotech Lab, Wilmar International, Cikarang, Bekasi, 17530, Indonesia
| | - Antonius Suwanto
- Biotech Lab, Wilmar International, Cikarang, Bekasi, 17530, Indonesia.,Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.,Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 6 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Li R, Reddy VA, Jin J, Rajan C, Wang Q, Yue G, Lim CH, Chua NH, Ye J, Sarojam R. Comparative transcriptome analysis of oil palm flowers reveals an EAR-motif-containing R2R3-MYB that modulates phenylpropene biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:219. [PMID: 29169327 PMCID: PMC5701422 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil palm is the most productive oil crop and the efficiency of pollination has a direct impact on the yield of oil. Pollination by wind can occur but maximal pollination is mediated by the weevil E. kamerunicus. These weevils complete their life cycle by feeding on male flowers. Attraction of weevils to oil palm flowers is due to the emission of methylchavicol by both male and female flowers. In search for male flowers, the weevils visit female flowers by accident due to methylchavicol fragrance and deposit pollen. Given the importance of methylchavicol emission on pollination, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of oil palm flowers and leaves to identify candidate genes involved in methylchavicol production in flowers. RESULTS RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of male open flowers, female open flowers and leaves was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Analysis of the transcriptome data revealed that the transcripts of methylchavicol biosynthesis genes were strongly up-regulated whereas transcripts encoding genes involved in lignin production such as, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and Ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H) were found to be suppressed in oil palm flowers. Among the transcripts encoding transcription factors, an EAR-motif-containing R2R3-MYB transcription factor (EgMYB4) was found to be enriched in oil palm flowers. We determined that EgMYB4 can suppress the expression of a monolignol pathway gene, EgCOMT, in vivo by binding to the AC elements present in the promoter region. EgMYB4 was further functionally characterized in sweet basil which also produces phenylpropenes like oil palm. Transgenic sweet basil plants showed significant reduction in lignin content but produced more phenylpropenes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EgMYB4 possibly restrains lignin biosynthesis in oil palm flowers thus allowing enhanced carbon flux into the phenylpropene pathway. This study augments our understanding of the diverse roles that EAR-motif-containing MYBs play to fine tune the metabolic flux along the various branches of core phenylpropanoid pathway. This will aid in metabolic engineering of plant aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Vaishnavi Amarr Reddy
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Chakaravarthy Rajan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Present Address: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Present Address: College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Genhua Yue
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Chin Huat Lim
- R&D Department, Wilmar International Plantation, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Jian Ye
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Rajani Sarojam
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
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Likeng-Li-Ngue BC, Ntsomboh-Ntsefong G, Ngando-Ebongue GF, Ngalle-Bille H, Nyouma A, Bell JM. A review of main factors affecting palm oil acidity within the smallholder oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sector in Cameroon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajfs2017.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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26
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Irías-Mata A, Stuetz W, Sus N, Hammann S, Gralla K, Cordero-Solano A, Vetter W, Frank J. Tocopherols, Tocomonoenols, and Tocotrienols in Oils of Costa Rican Palm Fruits: A Comparison between Six Varieties and Chemical versus Mechanical Extraction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7476-7482. [PMID: 28756671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil is one of the richest sources of tocotrienols and may contain other non-tocopherol vitamin E congeners. The vitamin E profiles of fully ripened fruit mesocarp of three Elaeis guineensis, two Elaeis oleifera, and one hybrid O × G palm fruit genotypes from Costa Rica were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after mechanical extraction by a screw press and chemical extraction with hexane. γ-Tocotrienol, α-tocotrienol, and α-tocopherol were the most abundant tocochromanols, while other tocopherols (β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol) and α-tocomonoenol were detected at minor concentrations. Significant differences in vitamin E profiles between genotypes were observed, and the variety E. oleifera Quepos (CB9204) had by far the highest content of total tocotrienols (890 μg/g of oil) and total vitamin E (892 μg/g of oil). Chemical extraction with hexane afforded up to 2.5-fold higher vitamin E yields than screw press extraction. α-Tocomonoenol co-eluted with γ-tocopherol in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analyses and is a possible source of error in the quantification of γ-tocopherol in foods.
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Identification of Ganoderma Disease Resistance Loci Using Natural Field Infection of an Oil Palm Multiparental Population. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1683-1692. [PMID: 28592650 PMCID: PMC5473749 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multi-parental populations are promising tools for identifying quantitative disease resistance loci. Stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense is a major threat to palm oil production, with yield losses of up to 80% prompting premature replantation of palms. There is evidence of genetic resistance sources, but the genetic architecture of Ganoderma resistance has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to identify Ganoderma resistance loci using an oil palm multi-parental population derived from nine major founders of ongoing breeding programs. A total of 1200 palm trees of the multi-parental population was planted in plots naturally infected by Ganoderma, and their health status was assessed biannually over 25 yr. The data were treated as survival data, and modeled using the Cox regression model, including a spatial effect to take the spatial component in the spread of Ganoderma into account. Based on the genotypes of 757 palm trees out of the 1200 planted, and on pedigree information, resistance loci were identified using a random effect with identity-by-descent kinship matrices as covariance matrices in the Cox model. Four Ganoderma resistance loci were identified, two controlling the occurrence of the first Ganoderma symptoms, and two the death of palm trees, while favorable haplotypes were identified among a major gene pool for ongoing breeding programs. This study implemented an efficient and flexible QTL mapping approach, and generated unique valuable information for the selection of oil palm varieties resistant to Ganoderma disease.
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Guerin C, Joët T, Serret J, Lashermes P, Vaissayre V, Agbessi MDT, Beulé T, Severac D, Amblard P, Tregear J, Durand-Gasselin T, Morcillo F, Dussert S. Gene coexpression network analysis of oil biosynthesis in an interspecific backcross of oil palm. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:423-41. [PMID: 27145323 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for vegetable oils is increasing at a dramatic rate, while our understanding of the regulation of oil biosynthesis in plants remains limited. To gain insights into the mechanisms that govern oil synthesis and fatty acid (FA) composition in the oil palm fruit, we used a multilevel approach combining gene coexpression analysis, quantification of allele-specific expression and joint multivariate analysis of transcriptomic and lipid data, in an interspecific backcross population between the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, and the American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera, which display contrasting oil contents and FA compositions. The gene coexpression network produced revealed tight transcriptional coordination of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in the plastid with sugar sensing, plastidial glycolysis, transient starch storage and carbon recapture pathways. It also revealed a concerted regulation, along with FAS, of both the transfer of nascent FA to the endoplasmic reticulum, where triacylglycerol assembly occurs, and of the production of glycerol-3-phosphate, which provides the backbone of triacylglycerols. Plastid biogenesis and auxin transport were the two other biological processes most tightly connected to FAS in the network. In addition to WRINKLED1, a transcription factor (TF) known to activate FAS genes, two novel TFs, termed NF-YB-1 and ZFP-1, were found at the core of the FAS module. The saturated FA content of palm oil appeared to vary above all in relation to the level of transcripts of the gene coding for β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II. Our findings should facilitate the development of breeding and engineering strategies in this and other oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Guerin
- PalmElit SAS, Montferrier-sur-Lez, F-34980, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Av. Agropolis, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Julien Serret
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Av. Agropolis, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Dany Severac
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34094, France
| | | | - James Tregear
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Av. Agropolis, Montpellier, 34394, France
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Soliman T, Lim FKS, Lee JSH, Carrasco LR. Closing oil palm yield gaps among Indonesian smallholders through industry schemes, pruning, weeding and improved seeds. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160292. [PMID: 27853605 PMCID: PMC5108955 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm production has led to large losses of valuable habitats for tropical biodiversity. Sparing of land for nature could in theory be attained if oil palm yields increased. The efficiency of oil palm smallholders is below its potential capacity, but the factors determining efficiency are poorly understood. We employed a two-stage data envelopment analysis approach to assess the influence of agronomic, supply chain and management factors on oil palm production efficiency in 190 smallholders in six villages in Indonesia. The results show that, on average, yield increases of 65% were possible and that fertilizer and herbicide use was excessive and inefficient. Adopting industry-supported scheme management practices, use of high-quality seeds and higher pruning and weeding rates were found to improve efficiency. Smallholder oil palm production intensification in Indonesia has the capacity to increase production by 26%, an equivalent of 1.75 million hectares of land.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Soliman
- The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - F. K. S. Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - J. S. H. Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block N2-01C-37, Singapore639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - L. R. Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
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30
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Perez RPA, Pallas B, Le Moguédec G, Rey H, Griffon S, Caliman JP, Costes E, Dauzat J. Integrating mixed-effect models into an architectural plant model to simulate inter- and intra-progeny variability: a case study on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4507-21. [PMID: 27302128 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of plants is time-consuming and involves considerable levels of data acquisition. This is possibly one reason why the integration of genetic variability into 3D architectural models has so far been largely overlooked. In this study, an allometry-based approach was developed to account for architectural variability in 3D architectural models of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as a case study. Allometric relationships were used to model architectural traits from individual leaflets to the entire crown while accounting for ontogenetic and morphogenetic gradients. Inter- and intra-progeny variabilities were evaluated for each trait and mixed-effect models were used to estimate the mean and variance parameters required for complete 3D virtual plants. Significant differences in leaf geometry (petiole length, density of leaflets, and rachis curvature) and leaflet morphology (gradients of leaflet length and width) were detected between and within progenies and were modelled in order to generate populations of plants that were consistent with the observed populations. The application of mixed-effect models on allometric relationships highlighted an interesting trade-off between model accuracy and ease of defining parameters for the 3D reconstruction of plants while at the same time integrating their observed variability. Future research will be dedicated to sensitivity analyses coupling the structural model presented here with a radiative balance model in order to identify the key architectural traits involved in light interception efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Pallas
- INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Hervé Rey
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, F-34000 France
| | | | | | | | - Jean Dauzat
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, F-34000 France
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31
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Ajambang W, Ardie SW, Volkaert H, Ngando-Ebongue GF, Sudarsono S. Comparative expression profiling of three early inflorescence stages of oil palm indicates that vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem is regulated by sugar balance. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:589-598. [PMID: 32480703 DOI: 10.1071/fp14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Breeding and seed production activities in oil palm have been hampered because of the inability of the male parent Pisifera to produce male inflorescence as source of pollen under normal conditions. Researchers are using complete defoliation to induce male inflorescences, but the biological and molecular processes responsible for this morphological change are yet to be revealed. To understand the underlying network of genes that initiate and control this phenotypically documented activity, we initiated a study aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three stages of an oil palm inflorescence under complete defoliation stress using RNA-seq. Sequencing on an Illumina platform produced 82631476 reads consisting of 8345779076 bases. A total of 60700 genes were obtained after transcript filtering and normalisation and 54% of them were downregulated. Differences in gene expression levels were significant between tissues under stress. The farther the distance between tissues, the more DEGs recorded. Comparison between stage 2 and stage 1 induced 3893 DEGs whereas 10136 DEGs were induced between stage 3 and stage 1. Stress response genes and flower development genes were among the highly expressed genes. This study suggests a link between complete defoliation and meristem differentiation from vegetative to reproductive phase in oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Ajambang
- PMB Lab, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sintho W Ardie
- PMB Lab, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hugo Volkaert
- NSTDA-BIOTEC, Plant Research Laboratory, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthanee 12120, Thailand and Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University Kamphaengsaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Georges F Ngando-Ebongue
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Oil Palm Research Centre. BP 243 Douala Cameroon
| | - Sudarsono Sudarsono
- PMB Lab, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti 16680 Bogor, Indonesia
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32
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Barcelos E, Rios SDA, Cunha RNV, Lopes R, Motoike SY, Babiychuk E, Skirycz A, Kushnir S. Oil palm natural diversity and the potential for yield improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:190. [PMID: 25870604 PMCID: PMC4375979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
African oil palm has the highest productivity amongst cultivated oleaginous crops. Species can constitute a single crop capable to fulfill the growing global demand for vegetable oils, which is estimated to reach 240 million tons by 2050. Two types of vegetable oil are extracted from the palm fruit on commercial scale. The crude palm oil and kernel palm oil have different fatty acid profiles, which increases versatility of the crop in industrial applications. Plantations of the current varieties have economic life-span around 25-30 years and produce fruits around the year. Thus, predictable annual palm oil supply enables marketing plans and adjustments in line with the economic forecasts. Oil palm cultivation is one of the most profitable land uses in the humid tropics. Oil palm fruits are the richest plant source of pro-vitamin A and vitamin E. Hence, crop both alleviates poverty, and could provide a simple practical solution to eliminate global pro-vitamin A deficiency. Oil palm is a perennial, evergreen tree adapted to cultivation in biodiversity rich equatorial land areas. The growing demand for the palm oil threatens the future of the rain forests and has a large negative impact on biodiversity. Plant science faces three major challenges to make oil palm the key element of building the future sustainable world. The global average yield of 3.5 tons of oil per hectare (t) should be raised to the full yield potential estimated at 11-18t. The tree architecture must be changed to lower labor intensity and improve mechanization of the harvest. Oil composition should be tailored to the evolving needs of the food, oleochemical and fuel industries. The release of the oil palm reference genome sequence in 2013 was the key step toward this goal. The molecular bases of agronomically important traits can be and are beginning to be understood at the single base pair resolution, enabling gene-centered breeding and engineering of this remarkable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Barcelos
- Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Manaus, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Edson Barcelos, Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rodovia AM 010, Km 29, Manaus, Amazonas 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Sara de Almeida Rios
- Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Raimundo N. V. Cunha
- Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lopes
- Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Y. Motoike
- Department of Phytotechnology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Elena Babiychuk
- Department of Sustainable Development, Vale Institute of Technology, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Department of Sustainable Development, Vale Institute of Technology, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sergei Kushnir
- Department of Sustainable Development, Vale Institute of Technology, Belém, Brazil
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Carrasco LR, Larrosa C, Milner-Gulland EJ, Edwards DP. Tropical crops: cautious optimism--response. Science 2014; 346:928. [PMID: 25414295 DOI: 10.1126/science.346.6212.928-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L R Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.
| | - C Larrosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543. Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - E J Milner-Gulland
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - D P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S102TN, UK
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