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Zhang S, Zhu X, Chen Y, Wen Z, Shi P, Ni Q. The role and therapeutic potential of macrophages in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393392. [PMID: 38774880 PMCID: PMC11106398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role played by macrophages and their underlying mechanisms in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It begins by discussing the origins and diverse subtypes of macrophages, elucidating their spatial distribution and modes of intercellular communication, thereby emphasizing their significance in the pathogenesis of DCM. The review then delves into the intricate relationship between macrophages and the onset of DCM, particularly focusing on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms employed by macrophages in the context of DCM condition. Additionally, the review discusses various therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages to manage DCM. It specifically highlights the potential of natural food components in alleviating diabetic microvascular complications and examines the modulatory effects of existing hypoglycemic drugs on macrophage activity. These findings, summarized in this review, not only provide fresh insights into the role of macrophages in diabetic microvascular complications but also offer valuable guidance for future therapeutic research and interventions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhige Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Shah R, Zhong J, Massier L, Tanriverdi K, Hwang SJ, Haessler J, Nayor M, Zhao S, Perry AS, Wilkins JT, Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Martin L, Levy D, Kooperberg C, Freedman JE, Rydén M, Murthy VL. Targeted Proteomics Reveals Functional Targets for Early Diabetes Susceptibility in Young Adults. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004192. [PMID: 38323454 PMCID: PMC10940209 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating proteome may encode early pathways of diabetes susceptibility in young adults for surveillance and intervention. Here, we define proteomic correlates of tissue phenotypes and diabetes in young adults. METHODS We used penalized models and principal components analysis to generate parsimonious proteomic signatures of diabetes susceptibility based on phenotypes and on diabetes diagnosis across 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study; mean age, 32 years; 44% women; 43% Black; mean body mass index, 25.6±4.9 kg/m2), with validation against diabetes in >1800 individuals in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and WHI (Women's Health Initiative). RESULTS In 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in CARDIA, we identified 2 proteotypes of diabetes susceptibility-a proinflammatory fat proteotype (visceral fat, liver fat, inflammatory biomarkers) and a muscularity proteotype (muscle mass), linked to diabetes in CARDIA and WHI/FHS. These proteotypes specified broad mechanisms of early diabetes pathogenesis, including transorgan communication, hepatic and skeletal muscle stress responses, vascular inflammation and hemostasis, fibrosis, and renal injury. Using human adipose tissue single cell/nuclear RNA-seq, we demonstrate expression at transcriptional level for implicated proteins across adipocytes and nonadipocyte cell types (eg, fibroadipogenic precursors, immune and vascular cells). Using functional assays in human adipose tissue, we demonstrate the association of expression of genes encoding these implicated proteins with adipose tissue metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS A multifaceted discovery effort uniting proteomics, underlying clinical susceptibility phenotypes, and tissue expression patterns may uncover potentially novel functional biomarkers of early diabetes susceptibility in young adults for future mechanistic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine & Public Health, Boston, MA & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Andrew S. Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, Univ of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Martin
- George Washington Univ School of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jane E. Freedman
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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McCall KD, Walter D, Patton A, Thuma JR, Courreges MC, Palczewski G, Goetz DJ, Bergmeier S, Schwartz FL. Anti-Inflammatory and Therapeutic Effects of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Inflammation in a Male C57BL/6J Mouse Model of Obesity-Induced NAFLD/MAFLD. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5339-5366. [PMID: 38026235 PMCID: PMC10658948 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States. Presently, there is an intense and ongoing effort to identify and develop novel therapeutics for this disease. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity of a new compound, termed IOI-214, and its therapeutic potential to ameliorate NAFLD/MAFLD in male C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat (HF) diet. Methods Murine macrophages and hepatocytes in culture were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ± IOI-214 or DMSO (vehicle), and RT-qPCR analyses of inflammatory cytokine gene expression were used to assess IOI-214's anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Male C57BL/6J mice were also placed on a HF diet and treated once daily with IOI-214 or DMSO for 16 weeks. Tissues were collected and analyzed to determine the effects of IOI-214 on HF diet-induced NAFL D/MAFLD. Measurements such as weight, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, liver/serum triglyceride, insulin, and glucose tolerance tests, ELISAs, metabolomics, Western blots, histology, gut microbiome, and serum LPS binding protein analyses were conducted. Results IOI-214 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and hepatocytes in culture and abrogated HF diet-induced mesenteric fat accumulation, hepatic inflammation and steatosis/hepatocellular ballooning, as well as fasting hyperglycemia without affecting insulin resistance or fasting insulin, cholesterol or TG levels despite overall obesity in vivo in male C57BL/6J mice. IOI-214 also decreased systemic inflammation in vivo and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut. Conclusion Combined, these data indicate that IOI-214 works at multiple levels in parallel to inhibit the inflammation that drives HF diet-induced NAFLD/MAFLD, suggesting that it may have therapeutic potential for NAFLD/MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D McCall
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Debra Walter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Ashley Patton
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jean R Thuma
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Maria C Courreges
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Douglas J Goetz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Bergmeier
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Frank L Schwartz
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
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4
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Li W, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Zhang W, Shi M, Zhao Y, Cai C, Lu C, Gao P, Guo X, Li B, Kim SW, Yang Y, Cao G. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15534. [PMID: 37958518 PMCID: PMC10650474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are susceptible to cold stress due to the absence of brown fat caused by the partial deletion of uncoupling protein 1 during their evolution. Some local pig breeds in China exhibit potential cold adaptability, but research has primarily focused on fat and intestinal tissues. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptive thermogenesis in mammals, yet the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in porcine skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. This study investigated the cold adaptability of two pig breeds, Mashen pigs (MS) and Large White pigs (LW), in a four-day cold (4 °C) or normal temperature (25 °C) environment. We recorded phenotypic changes and collected blood and longissimus dorsi muscle for transcriptome sequencing. Finally, the PRSS8 gene was randomly selected for functional exploration in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. A decrease in body temperature and body weight in both LW and MS pigs under cold stress, accompanied by increased shivering frequency and respiratory frequency, were observed. However, the MS pigs demonstrated stable physiological homeostasis, indicating a certain level of cold adaptability. The LW pigs primarily responded to cold stress by regulating their heat production and glycolipid energy metabolism. The MS pigs exhibited a distinct response to cold stress, involving the regulation of heat production, energy metabolism pathways, and robust mitochondrial activity, as well as a stronger immune response. Furthermore, the functional exploration of PRSS8 in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells revealed that it affected cellular energy metabolism and thermogenesis by regulating ERK phosphorylation. These findings shed light on the diverse transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle in LW and MS pigs under cold stress, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Yufen Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Mingyue Shi
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
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5
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Enns CA, Weiskopf T, Zhang RH, Wu J, Jue S, Kawaguchi M, Kataoka H, Zhang AS. Matriptase-2 regulates iron homeostasis primarily by setting the basal levels of hepatic hepcidin expression through a nonproteolytic mechanism. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105238. [PMID: 37690687 PMCID: PMC10551898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Matriptase-2 (MT2), encoded by TMPRSS6, is a membrane-anchored serine protease. It plays a key role in iron homeostasis by suppressing the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin. Lack of functional MT2 results in an inappropriately high hepcidin and iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia. Mt2 cleaves multiple components of the hepcidin-induction pathway in vitro. It is inhibited by the membrane-anchored serine protease inhibitor, Hai-2. Earlier in vivo studies show that Mt2 can suppress hepcidin expression independently of its proteolytic activity. In this study, our data indicate that hepatic Mt2 was a limiting factor in suppressing hepcidin. Studies in Tmprss6-/- mice revealed that increases in dietary iron to ∼0.5% were sufficient to overcome the high hepcidin barrier and to correct iron-deficiency anemia. Interestingly, the increased iron in Tmprss6-/- mice was able to further upregulate hepcidin expression to a similar magnitude as in wild-type mice. These results suggest that a lack of Mt2 does not impact the iron induction of hepcidin. Additional studies of wild-type Mt2 and the proteolytic-dead form, fMt2S762A, indicated that the function of Mt2 is to lower the basal levels of hepcidin expression in a manner that primarily relies on its nonproteolytic role. This idea is supported by the studies in mice with the hepatocyte-specific ablation of Hai-2, which showed a marginal impact on iron homeostasis and no significant effects on iron regulation of hepcidin. Together, these observations suggest that the function of Mt2 is to set the basal levels of hepcidin expression and that this process is primarily accomplished through a nonproteolytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Enns
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tyler Weiskopf
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Richard H Zhang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wu
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shall Jue
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Faculty of Medicine, Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - An-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Ishii T, Miyasato Y, Ichijo M, Uchimura K, Furuya F. Membrane protease prostasin promotes insulin secretion by regulating the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9086. [PMID: 37277555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostasin (PRSS8) is a serine protease that metabolizes and moderates the effect of specific substrates. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which modulates insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell proliferation, is regulated via proteolytic shedding by PRSS8. We first detected PRSS8 expression in β-cells of pancreatic islets of mice. To better understand the molecular processes involved in PRSS8-associated insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cell-specific PRSS8 knockout (βKO) and PRSS8-overexpressing (βTG) male mice were generated. We found that glucose intolerance and reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion developed in βKO mice compared with the control subjects. A higher response to glucose was noted in islets retrieved from βTG mice. Erlotinib, a specific blocker of EGFR, blocks EGF- and glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin among MIN6 cells, and glucose improves EGF release from β-cells. After silencing PRSS8 in MIN6 cells, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion decreased, and EGFR signaling was impaired. Conversely, overexpression of PRSS8 in MIN6 cells induced higher concentrations of both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased phospho-EGFR concentrations. Furthermore, short-term exposure to glucose improved the concentration of endogenous PRSS8 in MIN6 cells through inhibition of intracellular degradation. These findings suggest that PRSS8 is involved in glucose-dependent physiological regulation of insulin secretion via the EGF-EGFR signaling pathway in pancreatic β-cells.
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Grants
- 17K16145 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 19K17958 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 21K16367 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 17K16145 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 19K17958 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 21K16367 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 17K16145 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 19K17958 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 21K16367 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 17K16145 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 19K17958 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 21K16367 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 17K16145 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 19K17958 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
- 21K16367 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Ishii
- Division of Nephrology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Miyasato
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masashi Ichijo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsumoto National Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Uchimura
- Division of Nephrology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Division of Nephrology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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7
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Wickramasinghe PB, Qian S, Langley LE, Liu C, Jia L. Hepatocyte Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Alcohol-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:454. [PMID: 36979389 PMCID: PMC10046504 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the association between alcohol overconsumption and the development of insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. To investigate the requirement and sufficiency of hepatocyte toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in alcohol-induced insulin resistance, we used two mouse models (Tlr4fl/fl and Tlr4LoxTB) that allow ablation of TLR4 only in hepatocytes (Tlr4LKO) and restoration of endogenous TLR4 expression in hepatocytes on a TLR4-null background (Tlr4LoxTB × Alb-Cre), respectively. A Lieber-DeCarli feeding model was used to induce glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice. Glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and insulin signaling experiments were performed to examine systemic and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. We found that alcohol-fed hepatocyte TLR4 deficient mice (Tlr4LKO) had lower blood glucose levels in response to intraperitoneal injection of insulin. Moreover, increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) was observed in the liver of Tlr4LKO mice after chronic alcohol intake. In contrast, when hepatic TLR4 was reactivated in mice (Tlr4LoxTB × Alb-Cre), alcohol feeding caused glucose intolerance in these mice compared with littermate controls (Tlr4LoxTB). In addition, AKT phosphorylation was dramatically reduced in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of alcohol-fed Tlr4LoxTB × Alb-Cre mice, which was similar to that of mice with whole-body TLR4 reactivation (Tlr4LoxTB × Zp3-Cre). Collectively, these findings suggest that hepatocyte TLR4 is both required and sufficient in the development of insulin resistance induced by alcohol overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumi B. Wickramasinghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Shuwen Qian
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lyndsey E. Langley
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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8
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Bao X, Xu B, Muhammad IF, Nilsson PM, Nilsson J, Engström G. Plasma prostasin: a novel risk marker for incidence of diabetes and cancer mortality. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1642-1651. [PMID: 35922613 PMCID: PMC9477896 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Prostasin is an epithelial sodium channel stimulator that has been associated with suppression of tumours, glucose metabolism and hyperglycaemia-associated tumour pathology. However, the association between prostasin, diabetes and cancer mortality has not been well investigated in humans. We aim to investigate the associations between plasma prostasin and diabetes, and to explore whether prostasin has an effect on cancer mortality risk in individuals with hyperglycaemia. METHODS Plasma prostasin was measured using samples from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study Cardiovascular Cohort, and statistical analysis was performed from both sex-specific quartiles and per 1 SD. The cross-sectional association between plasma prostasin and diabetes was first studied in 4658 participants (age 57.5 ± 5.9 years, 39.9% men). After excluding 361 with prevalent diabetes, the associations of prostasin with incident diabetes and cancer mortality risk were assessed using Cox regression analysis. The interactions between prostasin and blood glucose levels as well as other covariates were tested. RESULTS The adjusted OR for prevalent diabetes in the 4th vs 1st quartile of prostasin concentrations was 1.95 (95% CI 1.39, 2.76) (p for trend <0.0001). During mean follow-up periods of 21.9 ± 7.0 and 23.5 ± 6.1 years, respectively, 702 participants developed diabetes and 651 died from cancer. Prostasin was significantly associated with the incidence of diabetes. The adjusted HR for diabetes in the 4th vs 1st quartile of prostasin concentrations was 1.76 (95% CI 1.41, 2.19) (p for trend <0.0001). Prostasin was also associated with cancer mortality There was a significant interaction between prostasin and fasting blood glucose for cancer mortality risk (p for interaction =0.022), with a stronger association observed in individuals with impaired fasting blood glucose levels at baseline (HR per 1 SD change 1.52; 95% CI 1.07, 2.16; p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Plasma prostasin levels are positively associated with diabetes risk and with cancer mortality risk, especially in individuals with high blood glucose levels, which may shed new light on the relationship between diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | | | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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9
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Kobayashi H, Uchimura K, Ishii T, Takahashi K, Mori K, Tsuchiya K, Furuya F. Intelectin1 ameliorates macrophage activation via inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Endocr J 2022; 69:539-546. [PMID: 34866068 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inteletin1 (Itln1) is an adipokine that is abundantly expressed in intestine, ovary, and lung. The expression levels of ITLN1 are decreased in the presence of diabetes or obesity, but the mechanisms of its production and function are still controversial. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of ITLN1 synthesis and ITLN1-associated macrophage activation. To analyze the effects of high fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD) on the expression of ITLN1 in the intestine, the mice were fed a HFHCD for 8 weeks. HFHCD feeding enhanced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress in the intestine and inhibited the expression of Itln1 in the intestinal endocrine cells and lowered circulating ITLN1 levels. In contrast, treatment with a chemical chaperone and reduction of ER-stress restored the expression of Itln1 in the intestine of HFHCD-fed mice. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicated that ITLN1 physically interacts with adiponectin receptor 1 and suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis activities via inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B-signaling pathway in macrophages. These results suggest that diet-induced ER-stress decreases circulating ITLN1 via inhibition of its synthesis in the intestine, and a reduction of circulating ITLN1 might enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage activation, following exacerbate the chronic inflammation of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohei Uchimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ishii
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, MO, U.S.A
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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10
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Anand D, Hummler E, Rickman OJ. ENaC activation by proteases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13811. [PMID: 35276025 PMCID: PMC9540061 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are fundamental for a plethora of biological processes, including signalling and tissue remodelling, and dysregulated proteolytic activity can result in pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on a subclass of membrane‐bound and soluble proteases that are defined as channel‐activating proteases (CAPs), since they induce Na+ ion transport through an autocrine mechanism when co‐expressed with the highly amiloride‐sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in Xenopus oocytes. These experiments first identified CAP1 (channel‐activating protease 1, prostasin) followed by CAP2 (channel‐activating protease 2, TMPRSS4) and CAP3 (channel‐activating protease 3, matriptase) as in vitro mediators of ENaC current. Since then, more serine‐, cysteine‐ and metalloproteases were confirmed as in vitro CAPs that potentially cleave and regulate ENaC, and thus this nomenclature was not further followed, but is accepted as functional term or alias. The precise mechanism of ENaC modulation by proteases has not been fully elucidated. Studies in organ‐specific protease knockout models revealed evidence for their role in increasing ENaC activity, although the proteases responsible for ENaC activation are yet to be identified. We summarize recent findings in animal models of these CAPs with respect to their implication in ENaC activation. We discuss the consequences of dysregulated CAPs underlying epithelial phenotypes in pathophysiological conditions, and the role of selected protease inhibitors. We believe that these proteases may present interesting therapeutic targets for diseases with aberrant sodium homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Anand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Edith Hummler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivia J. Rickman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH Lausanne Switzerland
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11
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Deng Q, Du L, Zhang Y, Liu G. NEFAs Influence the Inflammatory and Insulin Signaling Pathways Through TLR4 in Primary Calf Hepatocytes in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:755505. [PMID: 34966805 PMCID: PMC8710596 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition dairy cows are often in a state of negative energy balance because of decreased dry matter intake and increased energy requirements, initiating lipid mobilization and leading to high serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFAs) levels, which can induce ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows. Inflammation and insulin resistance are also common diseases in the perinatal period of dairy cows. What is the relationship between negative energy balance, insulin resistance and inflammation in dairy cows? To study the role of non-esterified fatty acids in the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), we cultured primary calf hepatocytes and added different concentrations of NEFAs to assess the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways. Our experiments indicated that NEFAs could activate the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and influence insulin resistance through TLR4. However, an inhibitor of TLR4 alleviated the inhibitory effects of NEFAs on the insulin pathway. In conclusion, all of these results indicate that high-dose NEFAs (2.4 mM) can activate the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and reduce the sensitivity of the insulin pathway through the TLR4/PI3K/AKT metabolic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Minzu University Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Herbivorous Livestock Perinatal Diseases, Tongliao, China
| | - Liyin Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Minzu University Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Herbivorous Livestock Perinatal Diseases, Tongliao, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Minzu University Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Herbivorous Livestock Perinatal Diseases, Tongliao, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Cazanave SC, Warren AD, Pacula M, Touti F, Zagorska A, Gural N, Huang EK, Sherman S, Cheema M, Ibarra S, Bates J, Billin AN, Liles JT, Budas GR, Breckenridge DG, Tiniakos D, Ratziu V, Daly AK, Govaere O, Anstee QM, Gelrud L, Luther J, Chung RT, Corey KE, Winckler W, Bhatia S, Kwong GA. Peptide-based urinary monitoring of fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by mass-barcoded activity-based sensors. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe8939. [PMID: 34669440 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nil Gural
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jamie Bates
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | - John T Liles
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | | | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, ICAN (Institute of Cardiometabolism And Nutrition), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS 1138 CRC, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Louis Gelrud
- Bon Secours St Mary's Hospital, Richmond VA 23226, USA
| | - Jay Luther
- Liver Center, GI Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, GI Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Sangeeta Bhatia
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- Glympse Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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13
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Sekine T, Takizawa S, Uchimura K, Miyazaki A, Tsuchiya K. Liver-Specific Overexpression of Prostasin Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158314. [PMID: 34361079 PMCID: PMC8348244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has a most indispensable role in glucose and lipid metabolism where we see some of the most serious worldwide health problems. The serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) cleaves toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity under PRSS8 knockout condition. However, liver substrate proteins of PRSS8 other than TLR4 and the effect to glucose and lipid metabolism remain unclarified with hepatic elevation of PRSS8 expression. Here we show that high-fat-diet-fed liver-specific PRSS8 transgenic mice improved glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis independent of body weight. PRSS8 amplified extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation associated with matrix metalloproteinase 14 activation in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, in humans, serum PRSS8 levels reduced more in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than healthy controls and were lower in T2DM patients with increased maximum carotid artery intima media thickness (>1.1 mm). These results identify the regulatory mechanisms of PRSS8 overexpression over glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as excessive hepatic fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Sekine
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (T.S.); (S.T.); (K.U.)
| | - Soichi Takizawa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (T.S.); (S.T.); (K.U.)
- Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu 4008506, Japan
| | - Kohei Uchimura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (T.S.); (S.T.); (K.U.)
| | | | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (T.S.); (S.T.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-55-273-9682
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14
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Prostasin regulates PD-L1 expression in human lung cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229226. [PMID: 34240739 PMCID: PMC8273379 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease prostasin is a negative regulator of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and has a role in the regulation of cellular immunity. Prostasin expression in cancer cells inhibits migration and metastasis, and reduces epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a negative regulator of the immune response and its expression in cancer cells interferes with immune surveillance. The aim of the present study was to investigate if prostasin regulates PD-L1 expression. We established sublines overexpressing various forms of prostasin as well as a subline deficient for the prostasin gene from the Calu-3 human lung cancer cells. We report here that PD-L1 expression induced by interferon-γ (IFNγ) is further enhanced in cells overexpressing the wildtype membrane-anchored prostasin. The PD-L1 protein was localized on the cell surface and released into the culture medium in extracellular vesicles (EVs) with the protease-active prostasin. The epidermal growth factor-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-EGFR), protein kinase C (PKC), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) participated in the prostasin-mediated up-regulation of PD-L1 expression. A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of patient lung tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that prostasin and PD-L1 regulate common signaling pathways during tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
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15
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Selma-Gracia R, Haros CM, Laparra Llopis JM. Inclusion of Salvia hispanica L. and Chenopodium quinoa into bread formulations improves metabolic imbalances derived from a high-fat intake in hyperglycaemic mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:7994-8002. [PMID: 32841309 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-energy intake causes imbalances in nutrient homeostasis contributing to a high prevalence of metabolic chronic diseases. The extent to what metabolic imbalances can be ameliorated by the inclusion of immunonutritional ingredients obtained from flours favouring nutrient and calorie management remains poorly understood. Herein, it is demonstrated that partial replacement of wheat flour (WB) with that from Chenopodium quinoa varieties [red (RQ, 25% w/w) and white (WQ, 25% w/w)] as well as from Salvia hispanica L., [whole (Ch, 20% w/w) and semi-defatted (Ch_D, 20% w/w)] in bread formulations ameliorates the metabolic and inflammation consequences of high-fat diet consumption in hyperglycaemic animals. Feeding animals with bread formulations replacing wheat flour effectively reduced insulin resistance (by 2-fold, HOMAir). The reduction in starch content did not appear as a determinant of controlling HOMAir. Only animals fed with RQ and Ch diet displayed increased plasma levels of triglycerides, which significantly contributed to mitigate HFD-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation. The latter was increased in animals receiving Ch_D diet, where PUFAs were eliminated from chia's flour. Feeding with WQ and Ch samples caused an upward trend in hepatic TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Despite similarities between immunonutritional agonists in animals fed with RQ and WQ, IL-17 levels were quantified higher for animals fed with WQ. All bread formulations except Ch_D samples significantly increased the hepatic granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulation factor levels. These results indicated that replacement of wheat flour with that from quinoa and chia improved the metabolic imbalances in hyperglycaemic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Selma-Gracia
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de Canto Blanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Claudia Monika Haros
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José Moisés Laparra Llopis
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de Canto Blanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Kozaczek M, Bottje W, Kong B, Albataineh D, Hakkak R. A Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Soy Protein Isolate Intake and Its Ability to Reduce Liver Steatosis in Obese Zucker Rats Through Modifications of Genes Involved in Inflammation and Lipid Transport. J Med Food 2021; 24:1010-1016. [PMID: 33751907 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can lead to several health disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the aggregation of lipids within hepatocytes, and consequent inflammation of the liver tissue. Previously, we reported that feeding obese Zucker rats with soy protein isolate (SPI) can reduce liver steatosis. To understand how SPI reduced liver steatosis, we conducted global gene expression analysis on liver samples obtained from these rats after short- (8 weeks) and long-term SPI feeding (16 weeks). We compared and contrasted these data using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. This study focused mainly on target molecules that could be participating in inflammation processes and lipid metabolism that are well-known components of NAFLD. Inflammatory response was predicted to be inhibited in animals fed the SPI diet at both 8 and 16 weeks of experiment. This general prediction was based on negative activation z scores obtained through IPA (z score < -2.0, P < .00001) for eight aspects of immune function/inflammatory response. Lipid metabolism was predicted to be strongly enhanced in rats fed the SPI diet for 16 weeks than for 8 weeks. This prediction was based on positive activation z scores (z scores >2.0, P < .00001) of eight functions involved in lipid transport and metabolism. We observed that the longer the rats were fed the SPI diet, the more beneficial it resulted against NAFLD. Based on our findings, the predicted reductions in inflammatory mechanisms while enhancing lipid transport out of the liver could be the reasons behind the reduction of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kozaczek
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Poultry Science, The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Walter Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Diyana Albataineh
- Department of Poultry Science, The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Department of Poultry Science, The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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17
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Sugitani Y, Nishida A, Inatomi O, Ohno M, Imai T, Kawahara M, Kitamura K, Andoh A. Sodium absorption stimulator prostasin (PRSS8) has an anti-inflammatory effect via downregulation of TLR4 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:408-417. [PMID: 31916038 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostasin (PRSS8) is a stimulator of epithelial sodium transport. In this study, we evaluated alteration of prostasin expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and investigated the role of prostasin in the gut inflammation. METHODS Prostasin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-colitis was induced in mice lacking prostasin specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (PRSS8ΔIEC mice). RESULTS In colonic mucosa of healthy individuals, prostasin was strongly expressed at the apical surfaces of epithelial cells, and this was markedly decreased in active mucosa of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. DSS-colitis was exacerbated in PRSS8ΔIEC mice compared to control PRSS8lox/lox mice. Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) expression in colonic epithelial cells was stronger in DSS-treated PRSS8ΔIEC mice than in DSS-treated PRSS8 lox/lox mice. NF-κB activation in colonic epithelial cells was more pronounced in DSS-treated PRSS8ΔIEC mice than in DSS-treated PRSS8lox/lox mice, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was significantly higher in DSS-treated PRSS8ΔIEC mice. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment completely suppressed the exacerbation of DSS-colitis in PRSS8ΔIEC mice. The mRNA expression of tight junction proteins and mucosal permeability assessed using FITC-dextran were comparable between DSS-treated PRSS8lox/lox and DSS-treated PRSS8ΔIEC mice. CONCLUSION Prostasin has an anti-inflammatory effect via downregulation of TLR4 expression in colonic epithelial cells. Reduced prostasin expression in IBD mucosa is linked to the deterioration of local anti-inflammatory activity and may contribute to the persistence of mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Sugitani
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohno
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
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18
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Liraglutide Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Rats Administered a High-Fat Diet. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2947549. [PMID: 32149099 PMCID: PMC7049398 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2947549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether modulation of the gut microbiota structure by liraglutide helps improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats on a high-fat diet (HFD). Rats were administered an HFD for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD and then administered liraglutide for 4 additional weeks. Next-generation sequencing and multivariate analysis were performed to assess structural changes in the gut microbiota. Liraglutide attenuated excessive hepatic ectopic fat deposition, maintained intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviated metabolic endotoxemia in HFD rats. Liraglutide significantly altered the overall structure of the HFD-disrupted gut microbiota and gut microbial composition in HFD rats in comparison to those on a normal diet. An abundance of 100 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were altered upon liraglutide administration, with 78 OTUs associated with weight gain or inflammation. Twenty-three OTUs positively correlated with hepatic steatosis-related parameters were decreased upon liraglutide intervention, while 5 OTUs negatively correlated with hepatic steatosis-related parameters were increased. These results suggest that liraglutide-mediated attenuation of NAFLD partly results from structural changes in gut microbiota associated with hepatic steatosis.
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19
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The metabolic regulator Lamtor5 suppresses inflammatory signaling via regulating mTOR-mediated TLR4 degradation. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1063-1076. [PMID: 31467416 PMCID: PMC7608472 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive immune responses are essential for eliminating pathogens but must be tightly controlled to avoid sustained immune activation and potential tissue damage. The engagement of TLR4, a canonical pattern recognition receptor, has been proposed to trigger inflammatory responses with different magnitudes and durations depending on TLR4 cellular compartmentalization. In the present study, we identify an unexpected role of Lamtor5, a newly identified component of the amino acid-sensing machinery, in modulating TLR4 signaling and controlling inflammation. Specifically, Lamtor5 associated with TLR4 via their LZ/TIR domains and facilitated their colocalization at autolysosomes, preventing lysosomal tethering and the activation of mTORC1 upon LPS stimulation and thereby derepressing TFEB to promote autophagic degradation of TLR4. The loss of Lamtor5 was unable to trigger the TFEB-driven autolysosomal pathway and delay degradation of TLR4, leading to sustained inflammation and hence increased mortality among Lamtor5 haploinsufficient mice during endotoxic shock. Intriguingly, nutrient deprivation, particularly leucine deprivation, blunted inflammatory signaling and conferred protection to endotoxic mice. This effect, however, was largely abrogated upon Lamtor5 deletion. We thus propose a homeostatic function of Lamtor5 that couples pathogenic insults and nutrient availability to optimize the inflammatory response; this function may have implications for TLR4-associated inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
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20
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Abstract
Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes associated with heart failure are considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without diabetes mellitus. In people with diabetes mellitus, the presence of myocardial dysfunction in the absence of overt clinical coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, has led to the descriptive terminology, diabetic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasing in parallel with the increase in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initially characterized by myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling, and associated diastolic dysfunction, later by systolic dysfunction, and eventually by clinical heart failure. Impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, increases in oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, elevations in advanced glycation end products and collagen-based cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix stiffness, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium handling, inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, microvascular dysfunction, and a myriad of cardiac metabolic abnormalities have all been implicated in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular mechanisms linked to the underlying pathophysiological changes include abnormalities in AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, protein kinase C, microRNA, and exosome pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of these instigators of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as mechanistically based strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.).
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21
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Kuprys PV, Tsukamoto H, Gao B, Jia L, McGowan J, Coopersmith CM, Moreno MC, Hulsebus H, Meena AS, Souza-Smith FM, Roper P, Foster MT, Raju SV, Marshall SA, Fujita M, Curtis BJ, Wyatt TA, Mandrekar P, Kovacs EJ, Choudhry MA. Summary of the 2018 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2019; 77:11-18. [PMID: 30763905 PMCID: PMC6733262 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
On January 26, 2018, the 23rd annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. The meeting consisted of plenary sessions with oral presentations and a poster presentation session. There were four plenary sessions that covered a wide range of topics relating to alcohol use: Alcohol and Liver Disease; Alcohol, Inflammation and Immune Response; Alcohol and Organ Injury; Heath Consequences and Alcohol Drinking. The meeting provided a forum for the presentation and discussion of novel research findings regarding alcohol use and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius V. Kuprys
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD, Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jacob McGowan
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Maria Camargo Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Holly Hulsebus
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Flavia M. Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Philip Roper
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Michelle T. Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - S. Vamsee Raju
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - S. Alex Marshall
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Point University Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brenda J. Curtis
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States,Corresponding author. Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma, Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, 2160 South, First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States. Fax: +1 708 327 2813. (M.A. Choudhry)
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Abstract
AbstractDairy cows with fatty liver or ketosis display decreased insulin sensitivity and defects in the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor and also a negative regulator of insulin signaling and peripheral insulin sensitivity. We investigated the hypothesis that PTEN may affect the insulin pathway-mediated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in dairy cows. Adenovirus vectors that over-express and silence PTEN were constructed, and then transfected into hepatocytes isolated from calves to investigate the effect of PTEN on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PTEN silencing increased the phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of PI3K but decreased the phosphorylation of IRS1, which increased the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Increased GSK-3β phosphorylation further up-regulated expression of the key enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6-Pase) involved in gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, the expression of SREBP-1c target gene fatty acid synthase (FAS) also increased significantly. We further showed that PTEN over-expression could reverse the above results. PTEN negatively regulates the enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis, which suggests that PTEN may be a therapeutic target for ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows.
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23
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Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Takeda N, Fukushima T, Yamashita F, Sato K, Kitamura K, Hippo Y, Janetka JW, Kataoka H. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 stabilizes Epcam and maintains epithelial organization in the mouse intestine. Commun Biol 2019; 2:11. [PMID: 30623107 PMCID: PMC6320337 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SPINT2 encoding the epithelial serine protease inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) are associated with congenital tufting enteropathy. However, the functions of HAI-2 in vivo are poorly understood. Here we used tamoxifen-induced Cre-LoxP recombination in mice to ablate Spint2. Mice lacking Spint2 died within 6 days after initiating tamoxifen treatment and showed severe epithelial damage in the whole intestinal tracts, and, to a lesser extent, the extrahepatic bile duct. The intestinal epithelium showed enhanced exfoliation, villous atrophy, enterocyte tufts and elongated crypts. Organoid crypt culture indicated that Spint2 ablation induced Epcam cleavage with decreased claudin-7 levels and resulted in organoid rupture. These organoid changes could be rescued by addition of serine protease inhibitors aprotinin, camostat mesilate and matriptase-selective α-ketobenzothiazole as well as by co-deletion of Prss8, encoding the serine protease prostasin. These results indicate that HAI-2 is an essential cellular inhibitor for maintaining intestinal epithelium architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8600811, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 2608717, Japan
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
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Kozaczek M, Bottje W, Greene E, Lassiter K, Kong B, Dridi S, Korourian S, Hakkak R. Comparison of liver gene expression by RNAseq and PCR analysis after 8 weeks of feeding soy protein isolate- or casein-based diets in an obese liver steatosis rat model. Food Funct 2019; 10:8218-8229. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Differential expression of genes provides insight into fundamental mechanisms associated with the ability of soy protein isolate to attenuate liver steatosis in genetically obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kozaczek
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Walter Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Elizabeth Greene
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Kentu Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Soheila Korourian
- Department of Pathology
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
- Department of Pediatrics
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Huang Z, Perry E, Huebner JL, Katz B, Li YJ, Kraus VB. Biomarkers of inflammation - LBP and TLR- predict progression of knee osteoarthritis in the DOXY clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1658-1665. [PMID: 30144513 PMCID: PMC6263786 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate systemic inflammatory biomarkers in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and their association with radiographic and biochemical OA progression. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP), soluble Toll-like receptor 4 (sTLR4) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured in plasma of 431 knee OA patients from the doxycycline (DOXY) trial at baseline and 18 months. Plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were also measured at 12 months. As a biochemical indicator of disease activity and OA progression, urinary (u) C-telopeptide of Type II collagen (uCTX-II) was measured in samples collected at baseline and 18 months. Change over 16 months in radiographic tibiofemoral joint space width (JSW in mm) and joint space narrowing (JSN≥0.5 mm) were used to indicate radiographic OA progression. Change over 18 months for uCTX-II was used as a secondary outcome. Both univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to test the association between Z-score transformed biomarkers and outcomes. RESULTS Baseline LBP and time-integrated concentration (TIC) of LBP over 12 and 18 months were associated with worsening joint space width (JSW) (parameter estimates: -0.1 to -0.07) and JSN (OR: 1.32 to 1.42) adjusting for treatment group, age, body mass index (BMI) and corresponding baseline radiographic measures. Baseline sTLR4 and TIC over 18 months were associated with change in uCTX-II over 18 months (adjusted parameter estimates: 0.0017 to 0.0020). Results were not modified by treatment with doxycycline. CONCLUSION Plasma LBP and sTLR4 were associated with knee OA progression over 16-18 months. These results lend further support for a role of systemic low-grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of knee OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZeYu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, SiChuan University, ChengDu, SiChuan Province, People’s Republic of China;,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily Perry
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barry Katz
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Correspondence Virginia Byers Kraus Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701-2047 USA, Tel: +1-919-681-6652/Fax: 919-684-8907/
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26
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PRSS8 suppresses colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 38:497-517. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Onyango AN. Cellular Stresses and Stress Responses in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4321714. [PMID: 30116482 PMCID: PMC6079365 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4321714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), a key component of the metabolic syndrome, precedes the development of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Its etiological pathways are not well defined, although many contributory mechanisms have been established. This article summarizes such mechanisms into the hypothesis that factors like nutrient overload, physical inactivity, hypoxia, psychological stress, and environmental pollutants induce a network of cellular stresses, stress responses, and stress response dysregulations that jointly inhibit insulin signaling in insulin target cells including endothelial cells, hepatocytes, myocytes, hypothalamic neurons, and adipocytes. The insulin resistance-inducing cellular stresses include oxidative, nitrosative, carbonyl/electrophilic, genotoxic, and endoplasmic reticulum stresses; the stress responses include the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the DNA damage response, the unfolded protein response, apoptosis, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, while the dysregulated responses include the heat shock response, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 signaling. Insulin target cells also produce metabolites that exacerbate cellular stress generation both locally and systemically, partly through recruitment and activation of myeloid cells which sustain a state of chronic inflammation. Thus, insulin resistance may be prevented or attenuated by multiple approaches targeting the different cellular stresses and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold N. Onyango
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
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28
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Hepatocyte toll-like receptor 4 deficiency protects against alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2018; 14:121-129. [PMID: 29884546 PMCID: PMC6034037 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have suggested a critical role for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of alcoholic liver disease. As TLR4 is widely expressed throughout the body, it is unclear which TLR4-expressing cell types contribute to alcohol-induced liver damage. Methods We selectively ablated TLR4 in hepatocytes and myeloid cells. Male mice were fed a liquid diet containing either 5% alcohol or pair-fed a control diet for 4 weeks to examine chronic alcohol intake-induced liver damage and inflammation. In addition, mice were administered a single oral gavage of alcohol to investigate acute alcohol drinking-associated liver injury. Results We found that selective hepatocyte TLR4 deletion protected mice from chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and fatty liver. This result was in part due to decreased expression of endogenous lipogenic genes and enhanced expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. In addition, mice lacking hepatocyte TLR4 exhibited reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, in an acute alcohol binge model, hepatocyte TLR4 deficient mice had significantly decreased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and attenuated hepatic triglyceride content compared to their alcohol-gavaged control mice. In contrast, deleting TLR4 in myeloid cells did not affect the development of chronic-alcohol induced fatty liver, despite the finding that mice lacking myeloid cell TLR4 had significantly reduced circulating ALT concentrations. Conclusions These findings suggest that hepatocyte TLR4 plays an important role in regulating alcohol-induced liver damage and fatty liver disease. Hepatocyte TLR4 ablated mice were protected from both chronic and acute alcohol-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Hepatocyte TLR4 ablated mice showed attenuated inflammation in the fat pad and the circulation after chronic alcohol intake. Loss of TLR4 in myeloid cells did not affect alcohol-induced development of fatty liver.
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29
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Barreto G, Sandelin J, Salem A, Nordström DC, Waris E. Toll-like receptors and their soluble forms differ in the knee and thumb basal osteoarthritic joints. Acta Orthop 2017; 88:326-333. [PMID: 28093922 PMCID: PMC5434604 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1281058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Although the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is not well understood, chondrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses (triggered by the activation of innate immune receptors by damage-associated molecules) are thought to be involved. We examined the relationship between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and OA in cartilage from 2 joints differing in size and mechanical loading: the first carpometacarpal (CMC-I) and the knee. Patients and methods - Samples of human cartilage obtained from OA CMC-I and knee joints were immunostained for TLRs (1-9) and analyzed using histomorphometry and principal component analysis (PCA). mRNA expression levels were analyzed with RT-PCR. Collected synovial fluid (SF) samples were screened for the presence of soluble forms of TLR2 and TLR4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results - In contrast to knee OA, TLR expression in CMC-I OA did not show grade-dependent overall profile changes, but PCA revealed that TLR expression profiles clustered according to their cellular compartment organization. Protein levels of TLR4 were substantially higher in knee OA than in CMC-I OA, while the opposite was the case at the mRNA level. ELISA assays confirmed the presence of soluble forms of TLR2 and TLR4 in SF, with sTLR4 being considerably higher in CMC-I OA than in knee OA. Interpretation - We observed that TLRs are differentially expressed in OA cartilage, depending on the joint. Soluble forms of TLR2 and TLR4 were detected for the first time in SF of osteoarthritic joints, with soluble TLR4 being differentially expressed. Together, our results suggest that negative regulatory mechanisms of innate immunity may be involved in the pathomolecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo Barreto
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki;,ORTON Orthopaedic Institute of the Invalid Foundation;,Correspondence:
| | | | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki;,Institute of Dentistry, Clinicum, University of Helsinki
| | - Dan C Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital
| | - Eero Waris
- Department of Hand Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Duparc T, Plovier H, Marrachelli VG, Van Hul M, Essaghir A, Ståhlman M, Matamoros S, Geurts L, Pardo-Tendero MM, Druart C, Delzenne NM, Demoulin JB, van der Merwe SW, van Pelt J, Bäckhed F, Monleon D, Everard A, Cani PD. Hepatocyte MyD88 affects bile acids, gut microbiota and metabolome contributing to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Gut 2017; 66:620-632. [PMID: 27196572 PMCID: PMC5529962 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of hepatocyte myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88 (MyD88) on glucose and lipid metabolism. DESIGN To study the impact of the innate immune system at the level of the hepatocyte and metabolism, we generated mice harbouring hepatocyte-specific deletion of MyD88. We investigated the impact of the deletion on metabolism by feeding mice with a normal control diet or a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. We evaluated body weight, fat mass gain (using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance), glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis (using metabolic chambers). We performed microarrays and quantitative PCRs in the liver. In addition, we investigated the gut microbiota composition, bile acid profile and both liver and plasma metabolome. We analysed the expression pattern of genes in the liver of obese humans developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific deletion of MyD88 predisposes to glucose intolerance, inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance independently of body weight and adiposity. These phenotypic differences were partially attributed to differences in gene expression, transcriptional factor activity (ie, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-α, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptors and STAT3) and bile acid profiles involved in glucose, lipid metabolism and inflammation. In addition to these alterations, the genetic deletion of MyD88 in hepatocytes changes the gut microbiota composition and their metabolomes, resembling those observed during diet-induced obesity. Finally, obese humans with NASH displayed a decreased expression of different cytochromes P450 involved in bioactive lipid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a new link between innate immunity and hepatic synthesis of bile acids and bioactive lipids. This dialogue appears to be involved in the susceptibility to alterations associated with obesity such as type 2 diabetes and NASH, both in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Duparc
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hubert Plovier
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vannina G Marrachelli
- Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Essaghir
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory/Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sébastien Matamoros
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Geurts
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mercedes M Pardo-Tendero
- Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Céline Druart
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Schalk W van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, University of Leuven (KUL), Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders, KUL, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Hepatology, University of Leuven (KUL), Belgium
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory/Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amandine Everard
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Cha JJ, Min HS, Kim KT, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Kim HW, Lee JE, Han JY, Lee G, Ha HJ, Bae YS, Lee SR, Moon SH, Lee SC, Kim G, Kang YS, Cha DR. APX-115, a first-in-class pan-NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, protects db/db mice from renal injury. J Transl Med 2017; 97:419-431. [PMID: 28165467 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that renal Nox is important in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a novel pan-NOX-inhibitor, APX-115, on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. Eight- week-old db/m and db/db mice were treated with APX-115 for 12 weeks. APX-115 was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 60 mg/kg per day. To compare the effects of APX-115 with a dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, db/db mice were treated with GKT137831 according to the same protocol. APX-115 significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic mice, similar to GKT137831. Oxidative stress as measured by plasma 8-isoprostane level was decreased in the APX-115 group compared with diabetic controls. All lipid profiles, both in plasma and tissues improved with Nox inhibition. APX-115 treatment decreased Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 protein expression in the kidney. APX-115 decreased urinary albumin excretion and preserved creatinine level. In diabetic kidneys, APX-115 significantly improved mesangial expansion, but GKT137831 did not. In addition, F4/80 infiltration in the adipose tissue and kidney decreased with APX-115 treatment. We also found that TGF-β stimulated ROS generation in primary mouse mesangial cells (pMMCs) from wild-type, Nox1 KO, and Duox1 KO mice, but did not induce Nox activity in pMMCs from Nox2 knockout (KO), Nox4 KO, or Duox2 KO mice. These results indicate that activating Nox2, Nox4, or Duox2 in pMMCs is essential for TGF-β-mediated ROS generation. Our findings suggest that APX-115 may be as effective or may provide better protection than the dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, and pan-Nox inhibition with APX-115 might be a promising therapy for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gayoung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun Joo Ha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Rom Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Ganghyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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Oxlund C, Kurt B, Schwarzensteiner I, Hansen MR, Stæhr M, Svenningsen P, Jacobsen IA, Hansen PB, Thuesen AD, Toft A, Hinrichs GR, Bistrup C, Jensen BL. Albuminuria is associated with an increased prostasin in urine while aldosterone has no direct effect on urine and kidney tissue abundance of prostasin. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:655-667. [PMID: 28233126 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The proteinase prostasin is a candidate mediator for aldosterone-driven proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). It was hypothesized that the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway stimulates prostasin abundance in kidney and urine. Prostasin was measured in plasma and urine from type 2 diabetic patients with resistant hypertension (n = 112) randomized to spironolactone/placebo in a clinical trial. Prostasin protein level was assessed by immunoblotting in (1) human and rat urines with/without nephrotic syndrome, (2) human nephrectomy tissue, (3) urine and kidney from aldosterone synthase-deficient (AS-/-) mice and ANGII- and aldosterone-infused mice, and in (4) kidney from adrenalectomized rats. Serum aldosterone concentration related to prostasin concentration in urine but not in plasma. Plasma prostasin concentration increased significantly after spironolactone compared to control. Urinary prostasin and albumin related directly and were reduced by spironolactone. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, urinary prostasin protein was elevated compared to controls. In rat nephrosis, proteinuria coincided with increased urinary prostasin, unchanged kidney tissue prostasin, and decreased plasma prostasin while plasma aldosterone was suppressed. Prostasin protein abundance in human nephrectomy tissue was similar across gender and ANGII inhibition regimens. Prostasin urine abundance was not different in AS-/- and aldosterone-infused mice. Prostasin kidney level was not different from control in adrenalectomized rats and AS-/- mice. We found no evidence for a direct relationship between mineralocorticoid receptor signaling and kidney and urine prostasin abundance. The reduction of urinary prostasin in spironolactone-treated patients is most likely the result of an improved glomerular filtration barrier function and generally reduced proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Oxlund
- Research Unit for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Prevention, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Birgül Kurt
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Mie R Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Stæhr
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ib A Jacobsen
- Research Unit for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Prevention, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Pernille B Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne D Thuesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anja Toft
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gitte R Hinrichs
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Bistrup
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Antalis TM, Conway GD, Peroutka RJ, Buzza MS. Membrane-anchored proteases in endothelial cell biology. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:243-52. [PMID: 26906027 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The endothelial cell plasma membrane is a metabolically active, dynamic, and fluid microenvironment where pericellular proteolysis plays a critical role. Membrane-anchored proteases may be expressed by endothelial cells as well as mural cells and leukocytes with distribution both inside and outside of the vascular system. Here, we will review the recent advances in our understanding of the direct and indirect roles of membrane-anchored proteases in vascular biology and the possible conservation of their extravascular functions in endothelial cell biology. RECENT FINDINGS Membrane-anchored proteases belonging to the serine or metalloprotease families contain amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal domains, which serve to tether their extracellular protease domains directly at the plasma membrane. This architecture enables protease function and substrate repertoire to be regulated through dynamic localization in distinct areas of the cell membrane. These proteases are proving to be key components of the cell machinery for regulating vascular permeability, generation of vasoactive peptides, receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation, extracellular matrix proteolysis, and angiogenesis. SUMMARY A complex picture of the interdependence between membrane-anchored protease localization and function is emerging that may provide a mechanism for precise coordination of extracellular signals and intracellular responses through communication with the cytoskeleton and with cellular signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pharmacological and genetic reappraisals of protease and oxidative stress pathways in a mouse model of obstructive lung diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39305. [PMID: 27982104 PMCID: PMC5159865 DOI: 10.1038/srep39305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-antiprotease imbalance and oxidative stress are considered to be major pathophysiological hallmarks of severe obstructive lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), but limited information is available on their direct roles in the regulation of pulmonary phenotypes. Here, we utilized βENaC-transgenic (Tg) mice, the previously established mouse model of severe obstructive lung diseases, to produce lower-mortality but pathophysiologically highly useful mouse model by backcrossing the original line with C57/BL6J mice. C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice showed higher survival rates and key pulmonary abnormalities of COPD/CF, including mucous hypersecretion, inflammatory and emphysematous phenotypes and pulmonary dysfunction. DNA microarray analysis confirmed that protease- and oxidative stress-dependent pathways are activated in the lung tissue of C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice. Treatments of C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice with a serine protease inhibitor ONO-3403, a derivative of camostat methylate (CM), but not CM, and with an anti-oxidant N-acetylcystein significantly improved pulmonary emphysema and dysfunction. Moreover, depletion of a murine endogenous antioxidant vitamin C (VC), by genetic disruption of VC-synthesizing enzyme SMP30 in C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice, exaggerated pulmonary phenotypes. Thus, these assessments clarified that protease-antiprotease imbalance and oxidative stress are critical pathways that exacerbate the pulmonary phenotypes of C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice, consistent with the characteristics of human COPD/CF.
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Liu HY, Huang YL, Liu JQ, Huang Q. Transcription factor‑microRNA synergistic regulatory network revealing the mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3920-8. [PMID: 27035648 PMCID: PMC4838149 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common type of endocrine disorder, affecting 5–11% of women of reproductive age worldwide. Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs are considered to have crucial roles in the developmental process of several diseases and have synergistic regulatory actions. However, the effects of TFs and microRNAs, and the patterns of their cooperation in the synergistic regulatory network of PCOS, remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the possible mechanism of PCOS, based on a TF-microRNA synergistic regulatory network. Initially, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PCOS were identified using microarray data of the GSE34526 dataset. Subsequently, the TFs and microRNAs which regulated the DEGs of PCOS were identified, and a PCOS-associated TF-microRNA synergistic regulatory network was constructed. This network included 195 DEGs, 136 TFs and 283 microRNAs, and the DEGs were regulated by TFs and microRNAs. Based on topological and functional enrichment analyses, SP1, mir-355-5p and JUN were identified as potentially crucial regulators in the development of PCOS and in characterizing the regulatory mechanism. In conclusion, the TF-microRNA synergistic regulatory network constructed in the present study provides novel insight on the molecular mechanism of PCOS in the form of synergistic regulated model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiao Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Membrane-anchored serine proteases are a group of extracellular serine proteases tethered directly to plasma membranes, via a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage (GPI-anchored), a C-terminal transmembrane domain (Type I), or an N-terminal transmembrane domain (Type II). A variety of biochemical, cellular, and in vivo studies have established that these proteases are important pericellular contributors to processes vital for the maintenance of homeostasis, including food digestion, blood pressure regulation, hearing, epithelial permeability, sperm maturation, and iron homeostasis. These enzymes are hijacked by viruses to facilitate infection and propagation, and their misregulation is associated with a wide range of diseases, including cancer malignancy.
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Chai AC, Robinson AL, Chai KX, Chen LM. Ibuprofen regulates the expression and function of membrane-associated serine proteases prostasin and matriptase. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1025. [PMID: 26715240 PMCID: PMC4696080 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored extracellular membrane serine protease prostasin is expressed in normal bladder urothelial cells. Bladder inflammation reduces prostasin expression and a loss of prostasin expression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease the incidence of various cancers including bladder cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of NSAIDs are not fully understood. METHODS The normal human bladder urothelial cell line UROtsa, the normal human trophoblast cell line B6Tert-1, human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell lines UM-UC-5 and UM-UC-9, and the human breast cancer cell line JIMT-1 were used for the study. Expression changes of the serine proteases prostasin and matriptase, and cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) in these cells following ibuprofen treatments were analyzed by means of reverse-transcription/quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblotting. The functional role of the ibuprofen-regulated prostasin in epithelial tight junction formation and maintenance was assessed by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and epithelial permeability in the B6Tert-1 cells. Prostasin's effects on tight junctions were also evaluated in B6Tert-1 cells over-expressing a recombinant human prostasin, silenced for prostasin expression, or treated with a functionally-blocking prostasin antibody. Matriptase zymogen activation was examined in cells over-expressing prostasin. RESULTS Ibuprofen increased prostasin expression in the UROtsa and the B6Tert-1 cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was up-regulated at both the mRNA and the protein levels in the UROtsa cells by ibuprofen in a dose-dependent manner, but was not a requisite for up-regulating prostasin expression. The ibuprofen-induced prostasin contributed to the formation and maintenance of the epithelial tight junctions in the B6Tert-1 cells. The matriptase zymogen was down-regulated in the UROtsa cells by ibuprofen possibly as a result of the increased prostasin expression because over-expressing prostasin leads to matriptase activation and zymogen down-regulation in the UROtsa, JIMT-1, and B6Tert-1 cells. The expression of prostasin and matriptase was differentially regulated by ibuprofen in the bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Ibuprofen has been suggested for use in treating bladder cancer. Our results bring the epithelial extracellular membrane serine proteases prostasin and matriptase into the potential molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effect of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C Chai
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Building 20, Room 323, Orlando, FL, 32816-2364, USA
| | - Andrew L Robinson
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Building 20, Room 323, Orlando, FL, 32816-2364, USA
| | - Karl X Chai
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Building 20, Room 323, Orlando, FL, 32816-2364, USA
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Building 20, Room 323, Orlando, FL, 32816-2364, USA.
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Promotes NO Synthesis by Upregulating GCHI Expression under Oxidative Stress Conditions in Sheep Monocytes/Macrophages. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:359315. [PMID: 26576220 PMCID: PMC4630417 DOI: 10.1155/2015/359315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many groups of Gram-negative bacteria cause diseases that are harmful to sheep. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is critical for detecting Gram-negative bacteria by the innate immune system, is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Oxidation intermediates are essential activators of oxidative stress, as low levels of free radicals form a stressful oxidative environment that can clear invading pathogens. NO is an oxidation intermediate and its generation is regulated by nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GCHI) is the rate-limiting enzyme for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, which is essential for the production of inducible iNOS. Previously, we made vectors to overexpress the sheep TLR4 gene. Herein, first generation (G1) of transgenic sheep was stimulated with LPS in vivo and in vitro, and oxidative stress and GCHI expression were investigated. Oxidative injury caused by TLR4 overexpression was tightly regulated in tissues. However, the transgenic (Tg) group still secreted nitric oxide (NO) when an iNOS inhibitor was added. Furthermore, GCHI expression remained upregulated in both serum and monocytes/macrophages. Thus, overexpression of TLR4 in transgenic sheep might accelerate the clearance of invading microbes through NO generation following LPS stimulation. Additionally, TLR4 overexpression also enhances GCHI activation.
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Uric Acid Produces an Inflammatory Response through Activation of NF-κB in the Hypothalamus: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12144. [PMID: 26179594 PMCID: PMC4503982 DOI: 10.1038/srep12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that an elevated uric acid (UA) level predicts the development of metabolic syndrome and diabetes; however, there is no direct evidence of this, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we showed that a high-UA diet triggered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activated the NF-κB pathway, and increased gliosis in the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular injection of UA induced hypothalamic inflammation and reactive gliosis, whereas these effects were markedly ameliorated by the inhibition of NF-κB. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging confirmed that hyperuricemia in rodents and humans was associated with gliosis in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Importantly, the rats administered UA exhibited dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance, which were probably mediated by hypothalamic inflammation and hypothalamic neuroendocrine alterations. These results suggest that UA can cause hypothalamic inflammation via NF-κB signaling. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic strategy for UA-induced metabolic disorders.
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Andersen H, Friis UG, Hansen PBL, Svenningsen P, Henriksen JE, Jensen BL. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with increased urine excretion of proteases plasmin, prostasin and urokinase and activation of amiloride-sensitive current in collecting duct cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:781-9. [PMID: 25609736 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with hypertension, expanded extracellular volume and impaired renal Na(+) excretion. It was hypothesized that aberrant glomerular filtration of serine proteases in DN causes proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney by excision of an inhibitory peptide tract from the γ subunit. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, urine, plasma and clinical data were collected from type 1 diabetic patients with DN (n = 19) and matched normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetics (controls, n = 20). Urine was examined for proteases by western immunoblotting, patch clamp and ELISA. Urine exosomes were isolated to elucidate potential cleavage of γENaC by a monoclonal antibody directed against the 'inhibitory' peptide tract. RESULTS Compared with control, DN patients displayed significantly higher blood pressure and urinary excretion of plasmin(ogen), prostasin and urokinase that correlated directly with urine albumin. Western blotting confirmed plasmin, prostasin and urokinase in urine from the DN group predominantly. Urine from DN evoked a significantly larger amiloride-sensitive inward current in single collecting duct cells compared with controls. Immunoblotting of urine exosomes showed aquaporin 2 in all patient samples. Exosomes displayed a virtual absence of intact γENaC while moieties compatible with cleavage by furin only, were shown in both groups. Proteolytic cleavage by the extracellular serine proteases plasmin or prostasin was observed in DN samples predominantly. CONCLUSION DN is associated with increased urinary excretion of plasmin, prostasin and urokinase and proteolytic activation of ENaC that might contribute to impaired renal Na(+) excretion and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Andersen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ulla G Friis
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jan Erik Henriksen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Svenningsen P, Andersen H, Nielsen LH, Jensen BL. Urinary serine proteases and activation of ENaC in kidney--implications for physiological renal salt handling and hypertensive disorders with albuminuria. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:531-42. [PMID: 25482671 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteases, both soluble and cell-attached, can activate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) proteolytically through release of a putative 43-mer inhibitory tract from the ectodomain of the γ-subunit. ENaC controls renal Na(+) excretion and loss-of-function mutations lead to low blood pressure, while gain-of-function mutations lead to impaired Na(+) excretion, hypertension, and hypokalemia. We review an emerging pathophysiological concept that aberrant glomerular filtration of plasma proteases, e.g., plasmin, prostasin, and kallikrein, contributes to proteolytic activation of ENaC, both in acute conditions with proteinuria, like nephrotic syndrome and preeclampsia, and in chronic diseases, such as diabetes with microalbuminuria. A vast literature on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and volume homeostasis from the last four decades show a number of common characteristics for conditions with albuminuria compatible with impaired renal Na(+) excretion: hypertension and volume retention is secondary to proteinuria in, e.g., preeclampsia and nephrotic syndrome; plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone are frequently suppressed in proteinuric conditions, e.g., preeclampsia and diabetic nephropathy; blood pressure is salt-sensitive in conditions with microalbuminuria/proteinuria; and extracellular volume is expanded, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration is increased, and diuretics, like amiloride and spironolactone, are effective blood pressure-reducing add-ons. Active plasmin in urine has been demonstrated in diabetes, preeclampsia, and nephrosis. Urine from these patients activates, plasmin-dependently, amiloride-sensitive inward current in vitro. The concept predicts that patients with albuminuria may benefit particularly from reduced salt intake with RAS blockers; that distally acting diuretics, in particular amiloride, are warranted in low-renin/albuminuric conditions; and that urine serine proteases and their activators may be pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jia L, Vianna CR, Fukuda M, Berglund ED, Liu C, Tao C, Sun K, Liu T, Harper MJ, Lee CE, Lee S, Scherer PE, Elmquist JK. Hepatocyte Toll-like receptor 4 regulates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3878. [PMID: 24815961 PMCID: PMC4080408 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and thought to contribute to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) is a key mediator of pro-inflammatory responses. Mice lacking Tlr4s are protected from diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation; however which Tlr4 expressing cells mediate this effect is unknown. Here we show that mice deficient in hepatocyte Tlr4 (Tlr4LKO) exhibit improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated hepatic steatosis despite the development of obesity after a high fat diet (HFD) challenge. Furthermore, Tlr4LKO mice have reduced macrophage content in white adipose tissue, as well as decreased tissue and circulating inflammatory markers. In contrast, the loss of Tlr4 activity in myeloid cells has little effect on insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these data indicate that the activation of Tlr4 on hepatocytes contributes to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, and suggest that targeting hepatocyte Tlr4 might be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- 1] Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2]
| | - Claudia R Vianna
- 1] Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2]
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- 1] Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2]
| | - Eric D Berglund
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Caroline Tao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Matthew J Harper
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Charlotte E Lee
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- 1] Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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