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Catalina-Hernández È, López-Martín M, Masnou-Sánchez D, Martins M, Lorenz-Fonfria VA, Jiménez-Altayó F, Hellmich UA, Inada H, Alcaraz A, Furutani Y, Nonell-Canals A, Vázquez-Ibar JL, Domene C, Gaudet R, Perálvarez-Marín A. Experimental and computational biophysics to identify vasodilator drugs targeted at TRPV2 using agonists based on the probenecid scaffold. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:473-482. [PMID: 38261868 PMCID: PMC10796807 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
TRP channels are important pharmacological targets in physiopathology. TRPV2 plays distinct roles in cardiac and neuromuscular function, immunity, and metabolism, and is associated with pathologies like muscular dystrophy and cancer. However, TRPV2 pharmacology is unspecific and scarce at best. Using in silico similarity-based chemoinformatics we obtained a set of 270 potential hits for TRPV2 categorized into families based on chemical nature and similarity. Docking the compounds on available rat TRPV2 structures allowed the clustering of drug families in specific ligand binding sites. Starting from a probenecid docking pose in the piperlongumine binding site and using a Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics approach we have assigned a putative probenecid binding site. In parallel, we measured the EC50 of 7 probenecid derivatives on TRPV2 expressed in Pichia pastoris using a novel medium-throughput Ca2+ influx assay in yeast membranes together with an unbiased and unsupervised data analysis method. We found that 4-(piperidine-1-sulfonyl)-benzoic acid had a better EC50 than probenecid, which is one of the most specific TRPV2 agonists to date. Exploring the TRPV2-dependent anti-hypertensive potential in vivo, we found that 4-(piperidine-1-sulfonyl)-benzoic acid shows a sex-biased vasodilator effect producing larger vascular relaxations in female mice. Overall, this study expands the pharmacological toolbox for TRPV2, a widely expressed membrane protein and orphan drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èric Catalina-Hernández
- Unit of Biophysics, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mario López-Martín
- Unit of Biophysics, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Masnou-Sánchez
- Unit of Biophysics, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Martins
- Unit of Biophysics, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Victor A. Lorenz-Fonfria
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán-2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics,Institute of Neurosciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular Biology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Dept. of Physics, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Yuji Furutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Optobiotechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | | | - Jose Luis Vázquez-Ibar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carmen Domene
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Dept of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alex Perálvarez-Marín
- Unit of Biophysics, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Haug FM, Pumroy RA, Sridhar A, Pantke S, Dimek F, Fricke TC, Hage A, Herzog C, Echtermeyer FG, de la Roche J, Koh A, Kotecha A, Howard RJ, Lindahl E, Moiseenkova-Bell V, Leffler A. Functional and structural insights into activation of TRPV2 by weak acids. EMBO J 2024; 43:2264-2290. [PMID: 38671253 PMCID: PMC11148119 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are involved in the surveillance or regulation of the acid-base balance. Here, we demonstrate that weak carbonic acids, including acetic acid, lactic acid, and CO2 activate and sensitize TRPV2 through a mechanism requiring permeation through the cell membrane. TRPV2 channels in cell-free inside-out patches maintain weak acid-sensitivity, but protons applied on either side of the membrane do not induce channel activation or sensitization. The involvement of proton modulation sites for weak acid-sensitivity was supported by the identification of titratable extracellular (Glu495, Glu561) and intracellular (His521) residues on a cryo-EM structure of rat TRPV2 (rTRPV2) treated with acetic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations as well as patch clamp experiments on mutant rTRPV2 constructs confirmed that these residues are critical for weak acid-sensitivity. We also demonstrate that the pore residue Glu609 dictates an inhibition of weak acid-induced currents by extracellular calcium. Finally, TRPV2-expression in HEK293 cells is associated with an increased weak acid-induced cytotoxicity. Together, our data provide new insights into weak acids as endogenous modulators of TRPV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand M Haug
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Akshay Sridhar
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Pantke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Dimek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tabea C Fricke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Hage
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Herzog
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank G Echtermeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeanne de la Roche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Koh
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abhay Kotecha
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca J Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Bartosova L, Balis P, Garaj V, Kovac A, Rajtik T, Piestansky J. A simple UHPLC-MS/MS method for determination of SET2, a selective antagonist of TRPV2 receptor, in rat plasma samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124067. [PMID: 38422619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeting the transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 channels (TRPV2) in order to alleviate or reverse the course of several diseases including multiple cancers, cardiovascular, immunological, or neurological disorders have been a matter of focus for several years now. SET2, a selective TRPV2 inhibitor, represents an innovative molecule which came into recognition in 2019 and seems to be a promising therapeutic modality in cancer and cardiac diseases. Drug discovery and bioanalysis in clinical environment demands simple, excellent, highly reliable, fast, sensitive, and selective analytical approaches which enable unambiguous identification and quantification of demanded molecule. Here, a targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization was developed for the quantification of SET2 in plasma samples. The developed method enabled analysis of approx. 15 samples within one hour. Simplicity of the whole analytical procedure can be emphasized by a very simple sample pretreatment based only on the protein precipitation with organic acid (here, 2 M tricholoroacetic acid). The validation procedure was characterized by promising validation parameters and excellent sensitivity what was documented by the limit of detection value at pg.mL-1 concentration level. Analytical validation reported intra- and interday accuracy < 15 % for all quality control samples concentration levels. Similarly, excellent level of intra- (0.1 - 4.8 %) and interday (0.5 - 3.3 %) precision for the tested quality control samples was obtained. The applicability of the developed method was proven by quantifying SET2 concentration levels in plasma samples obtained from Wistar rats that were administered this drug intraperitoneally at a dose of 25 mg/kg. We expect that our new analytical method represents a very attractive tool that could be easily implemented in pharmacokinetics studies and/or therapeutic drug monitoring. Moreover, its applicability was confirmed by the new practicability evaluation metric tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bartosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Balis
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir Garaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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4
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Zhang X, Wang F, Su Y. TRPV: An emerging target in glaucoma and optic nerve damage. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109784. [PMID: 38199261 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are members of the TRP channel superfamily, which are ion channels that sense mechanical and osmotic stimuli and participate in Ca2+ signalling across the cell membrane. TRPV channels play important roles in maintaining the normal functions of an organism, and defects or abnormalities in TRPV channel function cause a range of diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological and urological disorders. Glaucoma is a group of chronic progressive optic nerve diseases with pathological changes that can occur in the tissues of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, including the ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and retina. TRPV channels are expressed in these tissues and play various roles in glaucoma. In this article, we review various aspects of the pathogenesis of glaucoma, the structure and function of TRPV channels, the relationship between TRPV channels and systemic diseases, and the relationship between TRPV channels and ocular diseases, especially glaucoma, and we suggest future research directions. This information will help to further our understanding of TRPV channels and provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of glaucoma and optic nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Su
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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5
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Tranter JD, Kumar A, Nair VK, Sah R. Mechanosensing in Metabolism. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5269-5290. [PMID: 38158369 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrical mechanosensing is a process mediated by specialized ion channels, gated directly or indirectly by mechanical forces, which allows cells to detect and subsequently respond to mechanical stimuli. The activation of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels, intrinsically gated by mechanical forces, or mechanoresponsive (MR) ion channels, indirectly gated by mechanical forces, results in electrical signaling across lipid bilayers, such as the plasma membrane. While the functions of mechanically gated channels within a sensory context (e.g., proprioception and touch) are well described, there is emerging data demonstrating functions beyond touch and proprioception, including mechanoregulation of intracellular signaling and cellular/systemic metabolism. Both MR and MS ion channel signaling have been shown to contribute to the regulation of metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and inflammation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the contributions of several MS/MR ion channels in cell types implicated in metabolic dysfunction, namely, adipocytes, pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells, and discusses MS/MR ion channels as possible therapeutic targets. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5269-5290, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Tranter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vinayak K Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- St. Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Oshima D, Yoshida M, Saga K, Ito N, Tsuji M, Isu A, Watanabe N, Wakabayashi KI, Yoshimura K. Mechanoresponses mediated by the TRP11 channel in cilia of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. iScience 2023; 26:107926. [PMID: 37790279 PMCID: PMC10543168 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are organelles involved in motility and sensory transduction, but how these two functions coexist has not been elucidated in depth. Here, the involvement of the ciliary transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRP11 in mechanoresponses is studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a TRP11-knockout mutant. The mutant has defects in the conversion of the bending mode of the cilium from forward to reverse when tapped with a glass rod, the detachment of cilia when shear is applied, the increase in ciliary beat frequency upon application of mechanical agitation by vortex mixing, and the initiation of gliding while both cilia are attached in opposite directions to a glass surface. These observations indicate that TRP11 can perceive mechanical stimuli with distinct intensities and durations and induce various types of ciliary responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Oshima
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Megumi Yoshida
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saga
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Neo Ito
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Miyu Tsuji
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Atsuko Isu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuo Watanabe
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Yoshimura
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
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7
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Li X, Hu J, Yin P, Liu L, Chen Y. Mechanotransduction in the urothelium: ATP signalling and mechanoreceptors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19427. [PMID: 37674847 PMCID: PMC10477517 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium, which covers the inner surface of the bladder, is continuously exposed to a complex physical environment where it is stimulated by, and responds to, a wide range of mechanical cues. Mechanically activated ion channels endow the urothelium with functioning in the conversion of mechanical stimuli into biochemical events that influence the surface of the urothelium itself as well as suburothelial tissues, including afferent nerve fibres, interstitial cells of Cajal and detrusor smooth muscle cells, to ensure normal urinary function during the cycle of filling and voiding. However, under prolonged and abnormal loading conditions, the urothelial sensory system can become maladaptive, leading to the development of bladder dysfunction. In this review, we summarize developments in the understanding of urothelial mechanotransduction from two perspectives: first, with regard to the functions of urothelial mechanotransduction, particularly stretch-mediated ATP signalling and the regulation of urothelial surface area; and secondly, with regard to the mechanoreceptors present in the urothelium, primarily transient receptor potential channels and mechanosensitive Piezo channels, and the potential pathophysiological role of these channels in the bladder. A more thorough understanding of urothelial mechanotransduction function may inspire the development of new therapeutic strategies for lower urinary tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Yin
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lumin Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuelai Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
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8
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Nielsen MS, van Opbergen CJM, van Veen TAB, Delmar M. The intercalated disc: a unique organelle for electromechanical synchrony in cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2271-2319. [PMID: 36731030 PMCID: PMC10191137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated disc (ID) is a highly specialized structure that connects cardiomyocytes via mechanical and electrical junctions. Although described in some detail by light microscopy in the 19th century, it was in 1966 that electron microscopy images showed that the ID represented apposing cell borders and provided detailed insight into the complex ID nanostructure. Since then, much has been learned about the ID and its molecular composition, and it has become evident that a large number of proteins, not all of them involved in direct cell-to-cell coupling via mechanical or gap junctions, reside at the ID. Furthermore, an increasing number of functional interactions between ID components are emerging, leading to the concept that the ID is not the sum of isolated molecular silos but an interacting molecular complex, an "organelle" where components work in concert to bring about electrical and mechanical synchrony. The aim of the present review is to give a short historical account of the ID's discovery and an updated overview of its composition and organization, followed by a discussion of the physiological implications of the ID architecture and the local intermolecular interactions. The latter will focus on both the importance of normal conduction of cardiac action potentials as well as the impact on the pathophysiology of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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9
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Karatsai O, Lehka L, Wojton D, Grabowska AI, Duda MK, Lenartowski R, Redowicz MJ. Unconventional myosin VI in the heart: Involvement in cardiac dysfunction progressing with age. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166748. [PMID: 37169038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiovascular disease, which is characterized by structural and functional myocardial abnormalities. It is caused predominantly by autosomal dominant mutations, mainly in genes encoding cardiac sarcomeric proteins, resulting in diverse phenotypical patterns and a heterogenic clinical course. Unconventional myosin VI (MVI) is one of the proteins important for heart function, as it was shown that a point mutation within MYO6 is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Previously, we showed that MVI is expressed in the cardiac muscle, where it localizes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and intercalated discs. Here, we addressed the mechanisms of its involvement in cardiac dysfunction in Snell's waltzer mice (natural MVI knockouts) during heart development. We showed that heart enlargement was already seen in the E14.5 embryos and newborn animals (P0), and was maintained throughout the examined lifespan (up to 12 months). The higher levels of MVI were observed in the hearts of E14.5 embryos and P0 of control heterozygous mice. A search for the mechanisms behind the observed phenotype revealed several changes, accumulation of which resulted in age-progressing heart dysfunction. The main changes that mostly contribute to this functional impairment are the increase in cardiomyocyte proliferation in newborns, disorganization of intercalated discs, and overexpression of SERCA2 in hearts isolated from 12-month-old mice, indicative of functional alterations of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Also, possible aberrations in the heart vascularization, observed in 12-month-old animals could be additional factors responsible for MVI-associated heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Wojton
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Izabela Grabowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Katarzyna Duda
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 99/103 Marymoncka St., 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Lenartowski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 1 Lwowska St., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Maria Jolanta Redowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Urushima H, Matsubara T, Miyakoshi M, Kimura S, Yuasa H, Yoshizato K, Ikeda K. Hypo-osmolarity induces apoptosis resistance via TRPV2-mediated AKT-Bcl-2 pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G219-G230. [PMID: 36719093 PMCID: PMC9988531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00138.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In cirrhosis, several molecular alterations such as resistance to apoptosis could accelerate carcinogenesis. Recently, mechanotransduction has been attracting attention as one of the causes of these disturbances. In patients with cirrhosis, the serum sodium levels progressively decrease in the later stage of cirrhosis, and hyponatremia leads to serum hypo-osmolality. Since serum sodium levels in patients with cirrhosis with liver cancer are inversely related to cancer's number, size, stage, and cumulative survival, we hypothesized that hypo-osmolality-induced mechanotransduction under cirrhotic conditions might contribute to oncogenesis and/or progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we adjusted osmosis of culture medium by changing the sodium chloride concentration and investigated the influence of hypotonic conditions on the apoptosis resistance of an HCC cell line, HepG2, using a serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis model. By culturing the cells in a serum-free medium, the levels of an antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 were downregulated. In contrast, the hypotonic conditions caused apoptosis resistance by upregulation of Bcl-2. Next, we examined which pathway was involved in the apoptosis resistance. Hypotonic conditions enhanced AKT signaling, and constitutive activation of AKT in HepG2 cells led to upregulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, we revealed that the enhancement of AKT signaling was caused by intracellular calcium influx via a mechanosensor, TRPV2. Our findings suggested that hyponatremia-induced serum hypotonic in patients with cirrhosis promoted the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study first revealed that hypo-osmolarity-induced mechanotransduction enhanced calcium-mediated AKT signaling via TRPV2 activation, resulting in contributing to apoptosis resistance. The finding indicates a possible view that liver cirrhosis-induced hyponatremia promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Urushima
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyakoshi
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hideto Yuasa
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Endowed Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ikeda
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Abstract
The ability to detect stimuli from the environment plays a pivotal role in our survival. The molecules that allow the detection of such signals include ion channels, which are proteins expressed in different cells and organs. Among these ion channels, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family responds to the presence of diverse chemicals, temperature, and osmotic changes, among others. This family of ion channels includes the TRPV or vanilloid subfamily whose members serve several physiological functions. Although these proteins have been studied intensively for the last two decades, owing to their structural and functional complexities, a number of controversies regarding their function still remain. Here, we discuss some salient features of their regulation in light of these controversies and outline some of the efforts pushing the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosenbaum
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience Division, Institute for Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México;
| | - León D Islas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México
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12
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Gochman A, Tan X, Bae C, Chen H, Swartz KJ, Jara-Oseguera A. Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525817. [PMID: 36747846 PMCID: PMC9900902 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cation-permeable TRPV2 channel is essential for cardiac and immune cells. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid of clinical relevance, is one of the few molecules known to activate TRPV2. Using the patch-clamp technique we discover that CBD can sensitize current responses of the rat TRPV2 channel to the synthetic agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2- APB) by over two orders of magnitude, without sensitizing channels to activation by moderate (40 ⁰C) heat. Using cryo-EM we uncover a new small-molecule binding site in the pore domain of rTRPV2 that can be occupied by CBD in addition to a nearby CBD site that had already been reported. The TRPV1 and TRPV3 channels share >40% sequence identity with TRPV2 are also activated by 2-APB and CBD, but we only find a strong sensitizing effect of CBD on the response of mouse TRPV3 to 2-APB. Mutations at non-conserved positions between rTRPV2 and rTRPV1 in either the pore domain or the CBD sites failed to confer strong sensitization by CBD in mutant rTRPV1 channels. Together, our results indicate that CBD-dependent sensitization of TRPV2 channels engages multiple channel regions and possibly involves more than one CBD and 2-APB sites. The remarkably robust effect of CBD on TRPV2 and TRPV3 channels offers a promising new tool to both understand and overcome one of the major roadblocks in the study of these channels - their resilience to activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gochman
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA,Current affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Chanhyung Bae
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA,Current affiliation: Janssen R&D, Biologics Discovery, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712 USA
| | - Kenton J. Swartz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Andrés Jara-Oseguera
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712 USA.,Corresponding author: Andrés Jara-Oseguera ()
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13
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Structural mechanisms of TRPV2 modulation by endogenous and exogenous ligands. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:72-80. [PMID: 36163384 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channel is a polymodal receptor widely involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Despite many TRPV2 modulators being identified, whether and how TRPV2 is regulated by endogenous lipids remains elusive. Here, we report an endogenous cholesterol molecule inside the vanilloid binding pocket (VBP) of TRPV2, with a 'head down, tail up' configuration, resolved at 3.2 Å using cryo-EM. Cholesterol binding antagonizes ligand activation of TRPV2, which is removed from VBP by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) as resolved at 2.9 Å. We also observed that estradiol (E2) potentiated TRPV2 activation by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a classic tool compound for TRP channels. Our cryo-EM structures (resolved at 2.8-3.3 Å) further suggest how E2 disturbed cholesterol binding and how 2-APB bound within the VBP with E2 or without both E2 and endogenous cholesterol, respectively. Therefore, our study has established the structural basis for ligand recognition of the inhibitory endogenous cholesterol and excitatory exogenous 2-APB in TRPV2.
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14
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Guo Y, Gao Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gan H, Xie C, Liu Z, Zhong B, Zhang Z, Yao J. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) Channel Facilitates Virus Infection Through the Ca 2+ -LRMDA Axis in Myeloid Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202857. [PMID: 36261399 PMCID: PMC9731701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel is a nonselective cation channel that has been implicated in multiple sensory processes in the nervous system. Here, it is shown that TRPV2 in myeloid cells facilitates virus penetration by promoting the tension and mobility of cell membrane through the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis. Knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells or inhibition of TRPV2 channel activity suppresses viral infection and protects mice from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Reconstitution of TRPV2 but not the Ca2+ -impermeable mutant TRPV2E572Q into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) restores viral infection. Mechanistically, knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells inhibits the tension and mobility of cell membrane and the penetration of viruses, which is restored by reconstitution of TRPV2 but not TRPV2E572Q . In addition, knockout of TRPV2 leads to downregulation of Lrmda in BMDCs and BMDMs, and knockdown of Lrmda significantly downregulates the mobility and tension of cell membrane and inhibits viral infections in Trpv2fl/fl but not LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs. Consistently, complement of LRMDA into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs partially restores the tension and mobility of cell membrane and promotes viral penetration and infection. These findings characterize a previously unknown function of myeloid TRPV2 in facilitating viral infection though the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Yao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yu‐Ru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Dexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Hu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Chang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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15
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Nix Z, Kota D, Ratnayake I, Wang C, Smith S, Wood S. Spectral characterization of cell surface motion for mechanistic investigations of cellular mechanobiology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:3-15. [PMID: 36108781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the specific mechanisms responsible for anabolic and catabolic responses to static or dynamic force are largely poorly understood. Because of this, most research groups studying mechanotransduction due to dynamic forces employ an empirical approach in deciding what frequencies to apply during experiments. While this has been shown to elucidate valuable information regarding how cells respond under controlled provocation, it is often difficult or impossible to determine a true optimal frequency for force application, as many intracellular complexes are involved in receiving, propagating, and responding to a given stimulus. Here we present a novel adaptation of an analytical technique from the fields of civil and mechanical engineering that may open the door to direct measurement of mechanobiological cellular frequencies which could be used to target specific cell signaling pathways leveraging synergy between outside-in and inside-out mechanotransduction approaches. This information could be useful in identifying how specific proteins are involved in the homeostatic balance, or disruption thereof, of cells and tissue, furthering the understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases across a wide variety of cell types, which may one day lead to the development of novel mechanobiological therapies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Nix
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Divya Kota
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Ishara Ratnayake
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Steve Smith
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Scott Wood
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA.
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16
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Van den Eynde C, Held K, Ciprietti M, De Clercq K, Kerselaers S, Marchand A, Chaltin P, Voets T, Vriens J. Loratadine, an antihistaminic drug, suppresses the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells by inhibition of TRPV2. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175086. [PMID: 35714693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV2 is widely expressed in a variety of different cell types and tissues. However, elucidating the exact biological functions of TRPV2 is significantly hampered by the lack of selective pharmacological tools to modulate channel activity in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to identify new compounds that modify TRPV2 activity via the use of a plate-based calcium imaging approach to screen a drug repurposing library. Three antihistaminic drugs, loratadine, astemizole and clemizole were identified to reduce calcium-influx evoked by the TRPV2 agonist tetrahydrocannabivarin in HEK293 cells expressing murine TRPV2. Using single-cell calcium-microfluorimetry and whole-cell patch clamp recordings, we further confirmed that all three compounds induced a concentration-dependent block of TRPV2-mediated Ca2+ influx and whole-cell currents, with loratadine being the most potent antagonist of TRPV2. Moreover, this study demonstrated that loratadine was able to block both the human and mouse TRPV2 orthologs, without inhibiting the activity of other closely related members of the TRPV superfamily. Finally, loratadine inhibited TRPV2-dependent responses in a primary culture of mouse endometrial stromal cells and attenuated cell proliferation and migration in in vitro cell proliferation and wound healing assays. Taken together, our study revealed that the antihistaminic drugs loratadine, astemizole and clemizole target TRPV2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The identification of these antihistaminic drugs as blockers of TRPV2 may form a new starting point for the synthesis of more potent and selective TRPV2 antagonists, which could further lead to the unravelling of the physiological role of the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Van den Eynde
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49 box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katharina Held
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49 box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Ciprietti
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49 box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Clercq
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49 box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Kerselaers
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49 box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchand
- CISTIM Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, 3001, Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- CISTIM Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, 3001, Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 2, 3001, Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49 box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Mo X, Pang P, Wang Y, Jiang D, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang P, Geng Q, Xie C, Du HN, Zhong B, Li D, Yao J. Tyrosine phosphorylation tunes chemical and thermal sensitivity of TRPV2 ion channel. eLife 2022; 11:78301. [PMID: 35686730 PMCID: PMC9282855 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is a multimodal ion channel implicated in diverse physiopathological processes. Its important involvement in immune responses has been suggested such as in the macrophages’ phagocytosis process. However, the endogenous signaling cascades controlling the gating of TRPV2 remain to be understood. Here, we report that enhancing tyrosine phosphorylation remarkably alters the chemical and thermal sensitivities of TRPV2 endogenously expressed in rat bone marrow-derived macrophages and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. We identify that the protein tyrosine kinase JAK1 mediates TRPV2 phosphorylation at the molecular sites Tyr(335), Tyr(471), and Tyr(525). JAK1 phosphorylation is required for maintaining TRPV2 activity and the phagocytic ability of macrophages. We further show that TRPV2 phosphorylation is dynamically balanced by protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1). PTPN1 inhibition increases TRPV2 phosphorylation, further reducing the activation temperature threshold. Our data thus unveil an intrinsic mechanism where the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation dynamic balance sets the basal chemical and thermal sensitivity of TRPV2. Targeting this pathway will aid therapeutic interventions in physiopathological contexts. All the cells in our body have a membrane that separates their interior from the outside environment. However, studded across this barrier are numerous ion channels which allow the cell to sense and react to changes in its surroundings. This includes the ion channel TRPV2, which opens in response to mechanical pressure, certain chemical signals, or rising temperature levels. Many types of cell express TRPV2, including cells in the nervous system, muscle, and the immune system. However, despite being extensively studied, it is still not clear how TRPV2 opens and closes upon encountering high temperatures. In particular, previous work suggested that TRPV2 only responds when a cell’s surroundings reach around 52°C, which is a much higher temperature than cells inside our body normally encounter, even during a fever. To help resolve this mystery, Mo, Pang et al. studied TRPV2 in neurons responsible for sending sensory information and in immune cells called macrophages which had been extracted from rodents and grown in the laboratory. They found that when the cells were bathed in solutions containing magnesium ions, their TRPV2 channels were more sensitive to a number of different cues, including temperature. Further biochemical experiments showed that magnesium ions do not directly affect TRPV2, but increase the activity of another protein called JAK1. The magnesium ions caused JAK1 to attach specialized structures called phosphorylation tags to TRPV2. This modification (known as phosphorylation) made the channel more sensitive, allowing it to open in response to temperatures as low as 40°C. Mo, Pang et al. found that inhibiting JAK1 reduced the activity of TRPV2. Conversely, inhibiting the enzyme that removes the phosphorylation tags, called PTPN1, increased the channel’s activity. They also discovered that when JAK1 was blocked, macrophages were less able to ‘eat up’ bacteria, which is one of their main roles in the immune system. Taken together these experiments advance our understanding of how TRPV2 becomes active. The balance between the phosphorylation by JAK1 and the dephosphorylation by PTPN1 controls the temperature at which TRPV2 opens. Since TRPV2 contributes to several biological functions, including the development of the nervous system, the maintenance of heart muscles, and inflammation, these findings will be important to scientists in a broad range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyuan Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexiang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qizhi Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Ning Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Hashimoto K, Kodama A, Ohira M, Kimoto M, Nakagawa R, Usui Y, Ujihara Y, Hanashima A, Mohri S. Postnatal expression of cell cycle promoter Fam64a causes heart dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte differentiation through repression of Klf15. iScience 2022; 25:104337. [PMID: 35602953 PMCID: PMC9118685 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of fetal cell cycle genes into damaged adult hearts has emerged as a promising strategy for stimulating proliferation and regeneration of postmitotic adult cardiomyocytes. We have recently identified Fam64a as a fetal-specific cell cycle promoter in cardiomyocytes. Here, we analyzed transgenic mice maintaining cardiomyocyte-specific postnatal expression of Fam64a when endogenous expression was abolished. Despite an enhancement of cardiomyocyte proliferation, these mice showed impaired cardiomyocyte differentiation during postnatal development, resulting in cardiac dysfunction in later life. Mechanistically, Fam64a inhibited cardiomyocyte differentiation by repressing Klf15, leading to the accumulation of undifferentiated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, introduction of Fam64a in differentiated adult wildtype hearts improved functional recovery upon injury with augmented cell cycle and no dedifferentiation in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that Fam64a inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation during early development, but does not induce de-differentiation in once differentiated cardiomyocytes, illustrating a promising potential of Fam64a as a cell cycle promoter to attain heart regeneration. Overexpression of cell cycle promoter Fam64a in cardiomyocytes causes heart failure Fam64a inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation during development by repressing Klf15 Transient and local induction of Fam64a in adult hearts improves recovery upon injury Fam64a activates cardiomyocyte cell cycle without dedifferentiation upon injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hashimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Aya Kodama
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohira
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Misaki Kimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuu Usui
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Hanashima
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
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19
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Cannabidiol Enhances Microglial Beta-Amyloid Peptide Phagocytosis and Clearance via Vanilloid Family Type 2 Channel Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105367. [PMID: 35628181 PMCID: PMC9140666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid in the brain. The cation channel TRPV2 may mediate the pathological changes in mild cognitive impairment. A high-affinity agonist of TRPV2 named cannabidiol is one of the candidate drugs for AD. However, the molecular mechanism of cannabidiol via TRPV2 in AD remains unknown. The present study investigated whether cannabidiol enhances the phagocytosis and clearance of microglial Aβ via the TRPV2 channel. We used a human dataset, mouse primary neuron and microglia cultures, and AD model mice to evaluate TRPV2 expression and the ability of microglial amyloid-β phagocytosis in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that TRPV2 expression was reduced in the cortex and hippocampus of AD model mice and AD patients. Cannabidiol enhanced microglial amyloid-β phagocytosis through TRPV2 activation, which increased the mRNA expression of the phagocytosis-related receptors, but knockdown of TRPV2 or Trem2 rescued the expression. TRPV2-mediated effects were also dependent on PDK1/Akt signaling, a pathway in which autophagy was indispensable. Furthermore, cannabidiol treatment successfully attenuated neuroinflammation while simultaneously improving mitochondrial function and ATP production via TRPV2 activation. Therefore, TRPV2 is proposed as a potential therapeutic target in AD, while CBD is a promising drug candidate for AD.
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20
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Pumroy RA, Protopopova AD, Fricke TC, Lange IU, Haug FM, Nguyen PT, Gallo PN, Sousa BB, Bernardes GJL, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Leffler A, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structural insights into TRPV2 activation by small molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2334. [PMID: 35484159 PMCID: PMC9051106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is involved in many critical physiological and pathophysiological processes, making it a promising drug target. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of rat TRPV2 in lipid nanodiscs activated by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and propose a TRPV2-specific 2-ABP binding site at the interface of S5 of one monomer and the S4-S5 linker of the adjacent monomer. In silico docking and electrophysiological studies confirm the key role of His521 and Arg539 in 2-APB activation of TRPV2. Additionally, electrophysiological experiments show that the combination of 2-APB and cannabidiol has a synergetic effect on TRPV2 activation, and cryo-EM structures demonstrate that both drugs were able to bind simultaneously. Together, our cryo-EM structures represent multiple functional states of the channel, providing a native picture of TRPV2 activation by small molecules and a structural framework for the development of TRPV2-specific activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Anna D Protopopova
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Tabea C Fricke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Iris U Lange
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M Haug
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Phuong T Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Pamela N Gallo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Bárbara B Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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21
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Decrease in Ca2+ Concentration in Quail Cardiomyocytes Is Faster than That in Rat Cardiomyocytes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals and birds have quicker heart rates compared to other species. Mammalian cardiomyocytes have T-tubule membranes that facilitate rapid changes in Ca2+ concentrations. In contrast, bird cardiomyocytes do not possess T-tubule membranes, which raises the question of how birds achieve fast heartbeats. In this study, we compared the changes in Ca2+ concentration in cardiomyocytes isolated from adult quails and rats to elucidate the mechanism resulting in rapid heart rates in birds. Cardiomyocytes isolated from quails were significantly narrower than those isolated from rats. When Ca2+ concentration changes in the entire cardiomyocytes were measured using Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (AM), the time to peak was statistically longer in quails than in rats. In contrast, the decay time was markedly shorter in quails than in rats. As a result, the total time of Ca2+ concentration change was shorter in quails than in rats. A spatiotemporal analysis of Ca2+ concentration changes in quail cardiomyocytes showed that the decrease in Ca2+ concentration was faster in the center of the cell than near the cell membrane. These results suggest that avian cardiomyocytes achieve rapid changes in Ca2+ concentration by increasing the Ca2+ removal capacity in the central part of the cell compared to mammalian cardiomyocytes.
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22
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Miller M, Koch SE, Veteto A, Domeier T, Rubinstein J. Role of Known Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Channels in Modulating Cardiac Mechanobiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734113. [PMID: 34867442 PMCID: PMC8637880 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been described in almost every mammalian cell type. Several members of the Vanilloid (TRPV) subtype have been found to play important roles in modulating cardiac structure and function through Ca2+ handling in response to systemic and local mechanobiological cues. In this review, we will consider the most studied TRPV channels in the cardiovascular field; transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 as a modulator of cardiac hypertrophy; transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 as a structural and functional protein; transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 in the development of hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis; and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in its roles modulating the fibrotic and functional responses of the heart to pressure overload. Lastly, we will also review the potential overlapping roles of these channels with other TRP proteins as well as the advances in translational and clinical arenas associated with TRPV channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miller
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, KY, United States
| | - Sheryl E Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Adam Veteto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, KY, United States.,IonOptix, LLC, Westwood, MA, United States
| | - Timothy Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, KY, United States
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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23
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Taylor D, Germano J, Song Y, Hadj-Moussa H, Marek-Iannucci S, Dhanji R, Sin J, Czer LSC, Storey KB, Gottlieb RA. Hypothermia promotes mitochondrial elongation In cardiac cells via inhibition of Drp1. Cryobiology 2021; 102:42-55. [PMID: 34331901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia is a valuable clinical tool in mitigating against the consequences of ischemia in surgery, stroke, cardiac arrest and organ preservation. Protection is afforded principally by a reduction of metabolism, manifesting as reduced rates of oxygen uptake, preservation of ATP levels, and a curtailing of ischemic calcium overload. The effects of non-ischemic hypothermic stress are relatively unknown. We sought to investigate the effects of clinically mild-to-severe hypothermia on mitochondrial morphology, oxygen consumption and protein expression in normoxic hearts and cardiac cells. Normoxic perfusion of rat hearts at 28-32 °C was associated with inhibition of mitochondrial fission, evidenced by a reduced abundance of the active phosphorylated form of the fission receptor Drp1 (pDrp1S616). Abundance of the same residue was reduced in H9c2 cells subjected to hypothermic culture (25-32 °C), in addition to a reduced abundance of the Drp1 receptor MFF. Hypothermia-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes exhibited elongated mitochondria and depressed rates of mitochondrial-associated oxygen consumption, which persisted upon rewarming. Hypothermia also promoted a reduction in mRNA expression of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in H9c2 cells. When normothermic H9c2 cells were transfected with TRPV1 siRNA we observed reduced pDrp1S616 and MFF abundance, elongated mitochondria, and reduced rates of mitochondrial-associated oxygen consumption, mimicking the effects of hypothermic culture. In conclusion hypothermia promoted elongation of cardiac mitochondria via reduced pDrp1S616 abundance which was also associated with suppression of cellular oxygen consumption. Silencing of TRPV1 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes reproduced the morphological and respirometric phenotype of hypothermia. This report demonstrates a novel mechanism of cold-induced inhibition of mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taylor
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Juliana Germano
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hanane Hadj-Moussa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stefanie Marek-Iannucci
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raeesa Dhanji
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jon Sin
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence S C Czer
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily consists of a large group of non-selective cation channels that serve as cellular sensors for a wide spectrum of physical and environmental stimuli. The 28 mammalian TRPs, categorized into six subfamilies, including TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPML (mucolipin) and TRPP (polycystin), are widely expressed in different cells and tissues. TRPs exhibit a variety of unique features that not only distinguish them from other superfamilies of ion channels, but also confer diverse physiological functions. Located at the plasma membrane or in the membranes of intracellular organelles, TRPs are the cellular safeguards that sense various cell stresses and environmental stimuli and translate this information into responses at the organismal level. Loss- or gain-of-function mutations of TRPs cause inherited diseases and pathologies in different physiological systems, whereas up- or down-regulation of TRPs is associated with acquired human disorders. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly summarize the history of the discovery of TRPs, their unique features, recent advances in the understanding of TRP activation mechanisms, the structural basis of TRP Ca2+ selectivity and ligand binding, as well as potential roles in mammalian physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yue
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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25
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Kärki T, Tojkander S. TRPV Protein Family-From Mechanosensing to Cancer Invasion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1019. [PMID: 34356643 PMCID: PMC8301805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues from the cellular microenvironment are detected by mechanosensitive machineries that translate physical signals into biochemical signaling cascades. At the crossroads of extracellular space and cell interior are located several ion channel families, including TRP family proteins, that are triggered by mechanical stimuli and drive intracellular signaling pathways through spatio-temporally controlled Ca2+-influx. Mechanosensitive Ca2+-channels, therefore, act as critical components in the rapid transmission of physical signals into biologically compatible information to impact crucial processes during development, morphogenesis and regeneration. Given the mechanosensitive nature of many of the TRP family channels, they must also respond to the biophysical changes along the development of several pathophysiological conditions and have also been linked to cancer progression. In this review, we will focus on the TRPV, vanilloid family of TRP proteins, and their connection to cancer progression through their mechanosensitive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Kärki
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Section of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Nakamoto H, Katanosaka Y, Chijimatsu R, Mori D, Xuan F, Yano F, Omata Y, Maenohara Y, Murahashi Y, Kawaguchi K, Yamagami R, Inui H, Taketomi S, Taniguchi Y, Kanagawa M, Naruse K, Tanaka S, Saito T. Involvement of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Channel 2 in the Induction of Lubricin and Suppression of Ectopic Endochondral Ossification in Mouse Articular Cartilage. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1441-1450. [PMID: 33586252 DOI: 10.1002/art.41684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 2 (TRPV2) is a Ca2+ -permeable channel and plays a role in mediating intracellular Ca2+ current via mechanical stimuli. This study was undertaken to examine the expression and role of TRPV2 in adult articular cartilage and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS We examined TRPV2 expression in mouse and human articular cartilage. We analyzed the development of OA in Col2a1-CreERt2 ;Trpv2fl/fl mice and Trpv2fl/fl littermates in the resection of the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament model (n = 5 each), the destabilization of the medial meniscus model (n = 5 each), and the aging mouse model (n = 8-9 each). We examined marker protein expression in these joints, Ca2+ influx by mechanical stimuli, and downstream pathways in vitro. RESULTS TRPV2 was expressed in mouse and human articular cartilage and ectopic ossification lesions. In all mouse models of OA examined, Col2a1-CreERt2 ;Trpv2fl/fl mice were observed to have enhanced degradation of articular cartilage accompanied by decreased expression of lubricin/Prg4, and marked formation of periarticular ectopic ossification. Mechanical stress-induced Ca2+ influx was decreased by Trpv2 knockout (KO). Prg4 induction by fluid-flow shear stress was diminished in Trpv2-KO mouse chondrocytes, and this was mediated by the Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-cyclic AMP response element binding protein axis. Hypertrophic differentiation was enhanced in Trpv2-KO mouse chondrocytes. Increased activity of calcineurin and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor in activated T cells 1 induced by fluid-flow shear stress or TRP agonist treatment was reversed by Trpv2 knockout. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate regulation of articular cartilage by TRPV2 through Prg4 induction and suppression of ectopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, and Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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27
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Saldías MP, Maureira D, Orellana-Serradell O, Silva I, Lavanderos B, Cruz P, Torres C, Cáceres M, Cerda O. TRP Channels Interactome as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621614. [PMID: 34178620 PMCID: PMC8222984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types worldwide and the first cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Although significant therapeutic advances have been achieved with drugs such as tamoxifen and trastuzumab, breast cancer still caused 627,000 deaths in 2018. Since cancer is a multifactorial disease, it has become necessary to develop new molecular therapies that can target several relevant cellular processes at once. Ion channels are versatile regulators of several physiological- and pathophysiological-related mechanisms, including cancer-relevant processes such as tumor progression, apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Ion channels are the main regulators of cellular functions, conducting ions selectively through a pore-forming structure located in the plasma membrane, protein–protein interactions one of their main regulatory mechanisms. Among the different ion channel families, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family stands out in the context of breast cancer since several members have been proposed as prognostic markers in this pathology. However, only a few approaches exist to block their specific activity during tumoral progress. In this article, we describe several TRP channels that have been involved in breast cancer progress with a particular focus on their binding partners that have also been described as drivers of breast cancer progression. Here, we propose disrupting these interactions as attractive and potential new therapeutic targets for treating this neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Maureira
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Torres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Stretch-activated calcium mobilization in airway smooth muscle and pathophysiology of asthma. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Yu ZH, Ji YC, Li K, Liang T, Liu B, Chen HL, Ni L, Luo ZP, Yang HL. Stiffness of the extracellular matrix affects apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the cytoskeleton and activating the TRPV2 channel protein. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110005. [PMID: 33862152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is known that nucleus pulposus cells (NPs) play an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and a previous study indicated that the stiffness of NP tissue changes during the degeneration process. However, the mechanism underlying the cellular response to ECM stiffness is still unclear. To analyze the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) with different degrees of stiffness on NPs, we prepared polyacrylamide (PA) gels with different elastic moduli, and cells grown under different stiffness conditions were obtained and analyzed. The results showed that the spreading morphology of NPs changed significantly under increased ECM elastic modulus conditions and that TRPV2 and the PI3K / AKT signaling pathway were activated by stiffer ECM. At the same time, mitochondria released cytochrome c (Cyt c) and activated caspase proteins to promote the apoptosis of NPs. After TRPV2 was specifically knocked out, the activation of the PI3K / AKT signaling pathway decreased, and the release of Cyt c and NP apoptosis were reduced. These results indicate that TRPV2 is closely linked to the detection of extracellular mechanical signals, and that conversion of mechanical and biological signals plays an important role in regulating the biological behavior of cells. This study offers a new perspective on the cellular and biochemical events underlying IVDD which could result in novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Chao Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Rudong County People's Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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TRPV2 interacts with actin and reorganizes submembranous actin cytoskeleton. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226528. [PMID: 32985655 PMCID: PMC7560523 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of molecules and their role in neurite initiation and/or extension is not only helpful to prevent different neurodegenerative diseases but also can be important in neuronal damage repair. In this work, we explored the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), a non-selective cation channel in the context of neurite functions. We confirm that functional TRPV2 is endogenously present in F11 cell line, a model system mimicking peripheral neuron. In F11 cells, TRPV2 localizes in specific subcellular regions enriched with filamentous actin, such as in growth cone, filopodia, lamellipodia and in neurites. TRPV2 regulates actin cytoskeleton and also interacts with soluble actin. Ectopic expression of TRPV2-GFP in F11 cell induces more primary and secondary neurites, confirming its role in neurite initiation, extension and branching events. TRPV2-mediated neuritogenesis is dependent on wildtype TRPV2 as cells expressing TRPV2 mutants reveal no neuritogenesis. These findings are relevant to understand the sprouting of new neurites, neuroregeneration and neuronal plasticity at the cellular, subcellular and molecular levels. Such understanding may have further implications in neurodegeneration and peripheral neuropathy.
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31
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Liu T, Zhang S, Huang C, Ma S, Bai R, Li Y, Chang Y, Hang C, Saleem A, Dong T, Guo T, Jiang Y, Lu W, Zhang L, Jianwen L, Jiang H, Lan F. Microscale grooves regulate maturation development of hPSC-CMs by the transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels). J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3469-3483. [PMID: 33689230 PMCID: PMC8034460 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) is limited in drug discovery and cardiac disease mechanism studies due to cell immaturity. Micro‐scaled grooves can promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes by aligning them in order, but the mechanism of cardiomyocytes alignment has not been studied. From the level of calcium activity, gene expression and cell morphology, we verified that the W20H5 grooves can effectively promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes. The transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) also play an important role in the maturation and development of cardiomyocytes. These findings support the engineered hPSC‐CMs as a powerful model to study cardiac disease mechanism and partly mimic the myocardial morphological development. The important role of the TRP channels in the maturation and development of myocardium is first revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyan Liu
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenwu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Chang
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenwen Hang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxu Jiang
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Jianwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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32
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Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid in the Brain Gliovascular Unit: Prospective Targets in Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030334. [PMID: 33806707 PMCID: PMC7999963 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gliovascular unit (GVU) is composed of the brain microvascular endothelial cells forming blood–brain barrier and the neighboring surrounding “mural” cells (e.g., pericytes) and astrocytes. Modulation of the GVU/BBB features could be observed in a variety of vascular, immunologic, neuro-psychiatric diseases, and cancers, which can disrupt the brain homeostasis. Ca2+ dynamics have been regarded as a major factor in determining BBB/GVU properties, and previous studies have demonstrated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in modulating Ca2+ and BBB/GVU properties. The physiological role of thermosensitive TRPV channels in the BBB/GVU, as well as their possible therapeutic potential as targets in treating brain diseases via preserving the BBB are reviewed. TRPV2 and TRPV4 are the most abundant isoforms in the human BBB, and TRPV2 was evidenced to play a main role in regulating human BBB integrity. Interspecies differences in TRPV2 and TRPV4 BBB expression complicate further preclinical validation. More studies are still needed to better establish the physiopathological TRPV roles such as in astrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. The effect of the chronic TRPV modulation should also deserve further studies to evaluate their benefit and innocuity in vivo.
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33
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Vanneste M, Segal A, Voets T, Everaerts W. Transient receptor potential channels in sensory mechanisms of the lower urinary tract. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:139-159. [PMID: 33536636 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to sensory pathways in the lower urinary tract commonly occur and can give rise to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The unmet clinical need for treatment of LUTS has stimulated research into the molecular mechanisms that underlie neuronal control of the bladder and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have emerged as key regulators of the sensory processes that regulate bladder function. TRP channels function as molecular sensors in urothelial cells and afferent nerve fibres and can be considered the origin of bladder sensations. TRP channels in the lower urinary tract contribute to the generation of normal and abnormal bladder sensations through a variety of mechanisms, and have demonstrated potential as targets for the treatment of LUTS in functional disorders of the lower urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vanneste
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrei Segal
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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34
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Hu J, Gao Y, Huang Q, Wang Y, Mo X, Wang P, Zhang Y, Xie C, Li D, Yao J. Flotillin-1 Interacts With and Sustains the Surface Levels of TRPV2 Channel. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634160. [PMID: 33634132 PMCID: PMC7900159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 2 (TRPV2) channel is a polymodal receptor regulating neuronal development, cardiac function, immunity and oncogenesis. The activity of TRPV2 is regulated by the molecular interactions in the subplasmalemmel signaling complex. Here by yeast two-hybrid screening of a cDNA library of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and patch clamp electrophysiology, we identified that flotillin-1, the lipid raft-associated protein, interacts with TRPV2 channel and regulates its function. The interaction between TRPV2 and flotillin-1 was validated through co-immuoprecipitation in situ using endogenous DRG neurons and the recombinant expression model in HEK 293T cells. Fluorescent imaging and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) further revealed that flotillin-1 and TRPV2 formed a functional complex on the cell membrane. The presence of flotillin-1 enhanced the whole-cell current density of TRPV2 via increasing its surface expression levels. Using site-specific mapping, we also uncovered that the SPFH (stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, and HflK/C) domain of flotillin-1 interacted with TRPV2 N-termini and transmembrane domains 1–4, respectively. Our findings therefore demonstrate that flotillin-1 is a key element in TRPV2 signaling complex and modulates its cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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35
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Zubcevic L. Preparation of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel for structural studies. Methods Enzymol 2021; 653:21-48. [PMID: 34099173 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels play numerous important physiological roles in humans. Notably, they are involved in temperature sensing and regulation, in the proper functioning of immune and cardiac systems, in skin, hair, and bone physiology and in many types of cancer. Because of their physiological significance there has been much interest in elucidating their molecular mechanisms of action. Recent improvements in eukaryotic protein expression and purification techniques and in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have greatly facilitated TRP channel studies. The TRP Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel has emerged as particularly amenable to structural studies and its structure has been solved by both X-ray crystallography and by cryo-EM. Here, we provide an overview of demands posed by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM on protein sample preparation and outline a step-by-step protocol for preparing the TRPV2 protein for structure determination by both of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Zubcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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36
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Yashirogi S, Nagao T, Nishida Y, Takahashi Y, Qaqorh T, Yazawa I, Katayama T, Kioka H, Matsui TS, Saito S, Masumura Y, Tsukamoto O, Kato H, Ueda H, Yamaguchi O, Yashiro K, Yamazaki S, Takashima S, Shintani Y. AMPK regulates cell shape of cardiomyocytes by modulating turnover of microtubules through CLIP-170. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50949. [PMID: 33251722 PMCID: PMC7788454 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a multifunctional kinase that regulates microtubule (MT) dynamic instability through CLIP-170 phosphorylation; however, its physiological relevance in vivo remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identified an active form of AMPK localized at the intercalated disks in the heart, a specific cell-cell junction present between cardiomyocytes. A contractile inhibitor, MYK-461, prevented the localization of AMPK at the intercalated disks, and the effect was reversed by the removal of MYK-461, suggesting that the localization of AMPK is regulated by mechanical stress. Time-lapse imaging analysis revealed that the inhibition of CLIP-170 Ser-311 phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the accumulation of MTs at the intercalated disks. Interestingly, MYK-461 increased the individual cell area of cardiomyocytes in CLIP-170 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Moreover, heart-specific CLIP-170 S311A transgenic mice demonstrated elongation of cardiomyocytes along with accumulated MTs, leading to progressive decline in cardiac contraction. In conclusion, these findings suggest that AMPK regulates the cell shape and aspect ratio of cardiomyocytes by modulating the turnover of MTs through homeostatic phosphorylation of CLIP-170 at the intercalated disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yashirogi
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Takemasa Nagao
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Tasneem Qaqorh
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Issei Yazawa
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Toru Katayama
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Hidetaka Kioka
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Division of BioengineeringGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaJapan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Biomedical ImagingNational Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Medical Physics and EngineeringDivision of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Yuki Masumura
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Hiromichi Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and NephrologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, EhimeJapan
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of AnatomyKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency‐Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)KawaguchiJapan
| | - Yasunori Shintani
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
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37
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Schnelle M, Sawyer I, Anilkumar N, Mohamed BA, Richards DA, Toischer K, Zhang M, Catibog N, Sawyer G, Mongue-Din H, Schröder K, Hasenfuss G, Shah AM. NADPH oxidase-4 promotes eccentric cardiac hypertrophy in response to volume overload. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:178-187. [PMID: 31821410 PMCID: PMC7797217 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic pressure or volume overload induce concentric vs. eccentric left ventricular (LV) remodelling, respectively. Previous studies suggest that distinct signalling pathways are involved in these responses. NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) is a reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme that can limit detrimental cardiac remodelling in response to pressure overload. This study aimed to assess its role in volume overload-induced remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the responses to creation of an aortocaval fistula (Shunt) to induce volume overload in Nox4-null mice (Nox4-/-) vs. wild-type (WT) littermates. Induction of Shunt resulted in a significant increase in cardiac Nox4 mRNA and protein levels in WT mice as compared to Sham controls. Nox4-/- mice developed less eccentric LV remodelling than WT mice (echocardiographic relative wall thickness: 0.30 vs. 0.27, P < 0.05), with less LV hypertrophy at organ level (increase in LV weight/tibia length ratio of 25% vs. 43%, P < 0.01) and cellular level (cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area: 323 µm2 vs. 379 μm2, P < 0.01). LV ejection fraction, foetal gene expression, interstitial fibrosis, myocardial capillary density, and levels of myocyte apoptosis after Shunt were similar in the two genotypes. Myocardial phospho-Akt levels were increased after induction of Shunt in WT mice, whereas levels decreased in Nox4-/- mice (+29% vs. -21%, P < 0.05), associated with a higher level of phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein (S6) and the eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in WT compared to Nox4-/- mice. We identified that Akt activation in cardiac cells is augmented by Nox4 via a Src kinase-dependent inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A. CONCLUSION Endogenous Nox4 is required for the full development of eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling during chronic volume overload. Nox4-dependent activation of Akt and its downstream targets S6 and 4E-BP1 may be involved in this effect.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Ribosomal Protein S6/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schnelle
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iain Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Narayana Anilkumar
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Belal A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel A Richards
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Min Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Norman Catibog
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Héloïse Mongue-Din
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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38
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Rubinstein J, Woo JG, Garcia AM, Alsaied T, Li J, Lunde PK, Moore RA, Laasmaa M, Sammons A, Mays WA, Miyamoto SD, Louch WE, Veldtman GR. Probenecid Improves Cardiac Function in Subjects with a Fontan Circulation and Augments Cardiomyocyte Calcium Homeostasis. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:1675-1688. [PMID: 32770262 PMCID: PMC7704717 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with functionally univentricular circulation who have completed staged single ventricle palliation, with the final stage culminating in the Fontan procedure, are often living into adulthood. However, high morbidity and mortality remain prevalent in these patients, as diastolic and systolic dysfunction of the single systemic ventricle are linked to Fontan circulatory failure. We presently investigated the effects of probenecid in post-Fontan patients. Used for decades for the treatment of gout, probenecid has been shown in recent years to positively influence cardiac function via effects on the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel in cardiomyocytes. Indeed, we observed that probenecid improved cardiac function and exercise performance in patients with a functionally univentricular circulation. This was consistent with our findings from a retrospective cohort of patients with single ventricle physiology where TRPV2 expression was increased. Experiments in isolated cardiomyocytes associated these positive actions to augmentation of diastolic calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health & Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tarek Alsaied
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ryan A Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Sammons
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wayne A Mays
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gruschen R Veldtman
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Service, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Zubcevic L. Temperature‐sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid channels: structural insights into ligand‐dependent activation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:3542-3559. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Zubcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City KS USA
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40
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The intercalated disc: a mechanosensing signalling node in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:931-946. [PMID: 32661904 PMCID: PMC7429531 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes, the cells generating contractile force in the heart, are connected to each other through a highly specialised structure, the intercalated disc (ID), which ensures force transmission and transduction between neighbouring cells and allows the myocardium to function in synchrony. In addition, cardiomyocytes possess an intrinsic ability to sense mechanical changes and to regulate their own contractile output accordingly. To achieve this, some of the components responsible for force transmission have evolved to sense changes in tension and to trigger a biochemical response that results in molecular and cellular changes in cardiomyocytes. This becomes of particular importance in cardiomyopathies, where the heart is exposed to increased mechanical load and needs to adapt to sustain its contractile function. In this review, we will discuss key mechanosensing elements present at the intercalated disc and provide an overview of the signalling molecules involved in mediating the responses to changes in mechanical force.
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41
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Thapak P, Bishnoi M, Sharma SS. Amelioration of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment by Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel inhibitor: Behavioral and mechanistic study. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104783. [PMID: 32652268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are Ca2+ permeable non-selective cation channels which play a pivotal role in diabetes and diabetic complications. Among diabetic complications, diabetes-induced cognitive impairment is a major CNS complication. The role of several TRP channels has been investigated extensively for their diverse Ca2+ regulating mechanism, and recently their role has been postulated in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of TRPV2 has not been investigated yet. Therefore, in the present study, the involvement of TRPV2 channels was investigated in diabetes-induced cognitive impairment using TRPV2 inhibitor, tranilast. High glucose exposure in rat C6 glial cells enhances the Ca2+-entry through TRPV2 channels. In our in-vivo study, diabetic rats showed increased gene and protein expression of TRPV2 in the hippocampus. Subsequent increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex, as well as decrease in the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII-Thr-286), p-GSK-3β (Ser-9), p-CREB (Ser-133) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus were also observed this led to the impairment in the learning and memory as evident from behavioral parameters such as Morris water maze test, passive avoidance and Y-maze test paradigm. Three-week treatment with tranilast (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed improvement in learning and memory associated behaviours (Morris water maze test, passive avoidance, and Y-maze test) by increasing the p-CaMKII (Thr-286), p-GSK-3β (Ser-9), p-CREB (Ser-133) and PSD-95 in the hippocampus. Cortical acetylcholinesterase activity was also reduced by the tranilast. These findings depicted that TRPV2 inhibition may be an effective treatment strategy in diabetes-induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thapak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - M Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - S S Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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Zubcevic L. TRP Channels, Conformational Flexibility, and the Lipid Membrane. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:299-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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O'Connor B, Robbins N, Koch SE, Rubinstein J. TRPV2 channel-based therapies in the cardiovascular field. Molecular underpinnings of clinically relevant therapies. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 159:118-125. [PMID: 32565182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family is composed of twenty-seven channel proteins that are ubiquitously expressed in the human body. The TRPV (vanilloid) subfamily has been a recent target of investigation within the cardiovascular field. TRPV1, which is sensitive to heat as well as vanilloids, is the best characterized TRPV channel and is the namesake for the subfamily that includes six members. Research into the function of TRPV2 has suggested that it plays an important role in cardiovascular function. Over the last twenty years a greater understanding of the differences among the TRPV channels has allowed for more precise experimentation and has opened various translational opportunities. TRPV2 has been found to be a both a mechanosensor and a mediator of calcium handling and has been found to play important roles in healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes. These roles have been translated into clinical studies in patients with muscular dystrophy (both agonism and antagonism) as well as in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Its role as a structural protein has also been elucidated, though the clinical significance of this finding has yet to be established. Despite the clinical progress that has been made there is still a need for large, prospective randomized studies with TRPV2 channel agonists and antagonists in order to bring these basic and translational science findings to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O'Connor
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Sheryl E Koch
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Onusko E, McDermott MR, Robbins N, Liu G, Kranias EG, Rubinstein J, Koch SE. Probenecid treatment improves outcomes in a novel mouse model of peripartum cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230386. [PMID: 32218573 PMCID: PMC7100971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Probenecid has been used for decades in the treatment of gout but recently has also been found to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure via stimulation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel in cardiomyocytes. This study tested the use of probenecid on a novel mouse model of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) as a potential treatment option. A human mutation of the human heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20-S10F) in mice has been recently shown to result in cardiomyopathy, when exposed to pregnancies. Treatment with either probenecid or control sucrose water was initiated after the first pregnancy in both wild type and Hsp20-S10F mice. Serial echocardiography was performed during subsequent pregnancies and hearts were collected after the third pregnancies for staining and molecular analysis. Hsp20-S10F mice treated with probenecid had decreased mortality, hypertrophy, TRPV2 expression and molecular parameters of heart failure. Probenecid treatment also decreased apoptosis as evidenced by an increase in the level of Bcl-2/Bax. Probenecid improved survival in a novel mouse model of PPCM and may be an appropriate therapy for humans with PPCM as it has a proven safety and tolerability in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Onusko
- Division of Cardiovascular Health & Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael R. McDermott
- Division of Cardiovascular Health & Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Health & Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guansheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Evangelia G. Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Health & Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sheryl E. Koch
- Division of Cardiovascular Health & Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Hof T, Chaigne S, Récalde A, Sallé L, Brette F, Guinamard R. Transient receptor potential channels in cardiac health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 16:344-360. [PMID: 30664669 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are nonselective cationic channels that are generally Ca2+ permeable and have a heterogeneous expression in the heart. In the myocardium, TRP channels participate in several physiological functions, such as modulation of action potential waveform, pacemaking, conduction, inotropy, lusitropy, Ca2+ and Mg2+ handling, store-operated Ca2+ entry, embryonic development, mitochondrial function and adaptive remodelling. Moreover, TRP channels are also involved in various pathological mechanisms, such as arrhythmias, ischaemia-reperfusion injuries, Ca2+-handling defects, fibrosis, maladaptive remodelling, inherited cardiopathies and cell death. In this Review, we present the current knowledge of the roles of TRP channels in different cardiac regions (sinus node, atria, ventricles and Purkinje fibres) and cells types (cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts) and discuss their contribution to pathophysiological mechanisms, which will help to identify the best candidates for new therapeutic targets among the cardiac TRP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hof
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Chaigne
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Récalde
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Sallé
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA4650, Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique, Caen, France
| | - Fabien Brette
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Romain Guinamard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA4650, Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique, Caen, France.
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Elimination of fukutin reveals cellular and molecular pathomechanisms in muscular dystrophy-associated heart failure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5754. [PMID: 31848331 PMCID: PMC6917736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the major cause of death for muscular dystrophy patients, however, the molecular pathomechanism remains unknown. Here, we show the detailed molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy in mice lacking the fukutin gene (Fktn), the causative gene for Fukuyama muscular dystrophy. Although cardiac Fktn elimination markedly reduced α-dystroglycan glycosylation and dystrophin-glycoprotein complex proteins in sarcolemma at all developmental stages, cardiac dysfunction was observed only in later adulthood, suggesting that membrane fragility is not the sole etiology of cardiac dysfunction. During young adulthood, Fktn-deficient mice were vulnerable to pathological hypertrophic stress with downregulation of Akt and the MEF2-histone deacetylase axis. Acute Fktn elimination caused severe cardiac dysfunction and accelerated mortality with myocyte contractile dysfunction and disordered Golgi-microtubule networks, which were ameliorated with colchicine treatment. These data reveal fukutin is crucial for maintaining myocyte physiology to prevent heart failure, and thus, the results may lead to strategies for therapeutic intervention. Mutations in Ftkn cause Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, and heart failure is the main cause of death in thes patients. Here the authors show that acute elimination of Fktn in adult mice causes early mortality, and this is associated with myocyte dysfunction, with disorganised Golg-microtubule networks, and that the pathology can be ameliorated with colchicine treatment.
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Nikolaev YA, Cox CD, Ridone P, Rohde PR, Cordero-Morales JF, Vásquez V, Laver DR, Martinac B. Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs238360. [PMID: 31722978 PMCID: PMC6918743 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Nikolaev
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Pietro Ridone
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Derek R Laver
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Entin-Meer M, Keren G. Potential roles in cardiac physiology and pathology of the cation channel TRPV2 expressed in cardiac cells and cardiac macrophages: a mini-review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H181-H188. [PMID: 31809212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00491.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TRPV2 is a well-conserved channel protein expressed in almost all tissues. Cardiomyocyte TRPV2 is expressed in the intercalated disks of the cardiac sarcomeres, where it is involved in maintaining the proper mechanoelectric coupling and structure. It is also abundantly expressed in the intracellular pools, mainly the endoplasmic reticulum. Under pathological conditions, TRPV2 is translocated to the sarcolemma, where it mediates an abnormal [Ca]2+ entry that may contribute to disease progression. In addition, an intracellularly diffused TRPV2 expression is present in resident cardiac macrophages. Upon infection or inflammation, TRPV2 is engaged in early phagosomes and is, therefore, potentially involved in protecting the cardiac tissue. Following acute myocardial infarction, a profound elevated expression of TRPV2 is observed on the cell membrane of the peri-infarct macrophages. The macrophage TRPV2 may harbor a detrimental effect in cardiac recovery by increasing unfavorable migration and phagocytosis processes in the injured heart. Most reports suggest that while cardiac TRPV2 activation may be beneficial under specific physiological conditions, both cardiac- and macrophage-related TRPV2 blocking can significantly ameliorate disease progression in various pathological states. To verify this possibility, the time frame of TRPV2 overexpression and its mediated signaling need to be fully characterized in both cardiomyocyte and cardiac macrophage populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Entin-Meer
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gad Keren
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Oxidation of methionine residues activates the high-threshold heat-sensitive ion channel TRPV2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24359-24365. [PMID: 31719194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904332116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels detect changes in ambient temperature to regulate body temperature and temperature-dependent cellular activity. Rodent orthologs of TRP vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) are activated by nonphysiological heat exceeding 50 °C, and human TRPV2 is heat-insensitive. TRPV2 is required for phagocytic activity of macrophages which are rarely exposed to excessive heat, but what activates TRPV2 in vivo remains elusive. Here we describe the molecular mechanism of an oxidation-induced temperature-dependent gating of TRPV2. While high concentrations of H2O2 induce a modest sensitization of heat-induced inward currents, the oxidant chloramine-T (ChT), ultraviolet A light, and photosensitizing agents producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate and sensitize TRPV2. This oxidation-induced activation also occurs in excised inside-out membrane patches, indicating a direct effect on TRPV2. The reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) in combination with methionine sulfoxide reductase partially reverses ChT-induced sensitization, and the substitution of the methionine (M) residues M528 and M607 to isoleucine almost abolishes oxidation-induced gating of rat TRPV2. Mass spectrometry on purified rat TRPV2 protein confirms oxidation of these residues. Finally, macrophages generate TRPV2-like heat-induced inward currents upon oxidation and exhibit reduced phagocytosis when exposed to the TRP channel inhibitor ruthenium red (RR) or to DTT. In summary, our data reveal a methionine-dependent redox sensitivity of TRPV2 which may be an important endogenous mechanism for regulation of TRPV2 activity and account for its pivotal role for phagocytosis in macrophages.
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50
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Sasaki F, Hayashi M, Mouri Y, Nakamura S, Adachi T, Nakashima T. Mechanotransduction via the Piezo1-Akt pathway underlies Sost suppression in osteocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:806-813. [PMID: 31708103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes function as critical regulators of bone homeostasis by coordinating the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and are constantly exposed to mechanical force. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the mechanical signal transduction in osteocytes is not well understood. Here, we found that Yoda1, a selective Piezo1 agonist, increased intracellular calcium mobilization and dose-dependently decreased the expression of Sost (encoding Sclerostin) in the osteocytic cell line IDG-SW3. We also demonstrated that mechanical stretch of IDG-SW3 suppressed Sost expression, a result which was abrogated by treatment with the Piezo1 inhibitor GsMTx4, and the deficiency of Piezo1. Furthermore, the suppression of Sost expression was abolished by treatment with an Akt inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicate that the activation of the Piezo1-Akt pathway in osteocytes is required for mechanical stretch-induced downregulation of Sost expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihito Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Mouri
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan.
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