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Peng Z, Yi Y, Nie Y, Wang T, Tang J, Hong S, Liu Y, Huang W, Sun S, Tan H, Wu M. Softening the tumor matrix through cholesterol depletion breaks the physical barrier for enhanced antitumor therapy. J Control Release 2024; 371:29-42. [PMID: 38763389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The tumor develops defense tactics, including conversing the mechanical characteristics of tumor cells and their surrounding environment. A recent study reported that cholesterol depletion stiffens tumor cells, which could enhance adaptive T-cell immunotherapy. However, it remains unclear whether reducing the cholesterol in tumor cells contributes to re-educating the stiff tumor matrix, which serves as a physical barrier against drug penetration. Herein, we found that depleting cholesterol from tumor cells can demolish the intratumor physical barrier by disrupting the mechanical signal transduction between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix through the destruction of lipid rafts. This disruption allows nanoparticles (H/S@hNP) to penetrate deeply, resulting in improved photodynamic treatment. Our research also indicates that cholesterol depletion can inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and repolarize tumor-associated macrophages from M2 to M1, demonstrating the essential role of cholesterol in tumor progression. Overall, this study reveals that a cholesterol-depleted, softened tumor matrix reduces the difficulty of drug penetration, leading to enhanced antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangwen Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yunfei Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jia Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Sheng Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shengjie Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Center for Child Care and Mental Health (CCCMH), Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China.
| | - Meiying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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2
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Lalagkas PN, Melamed RD. Shared genetics between breast cancer and predisposing diseases identifies novel breast cancer treatment candidates. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4536370. [PMID: 38947022 PMCID: PMC11213186 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4536370/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Current effective breast cancer treatment options have severe side effects, highlighting a need for new therapies. Drug repurposing can accelerate improvements to care, as FDA-approved drugs have known safety and pharmacological profiles. Some drugs for other conditions, such as metformin, an antidiabetic, have been tested in clinical trials for repurposing for breast cancer. Here, we exploit the genetics of breast cancer and linked predisposing diseases to propose novel drug repurposing. We hypothesize that if a predisposing disease contributes to breast cancer pathology, identifying the pleiotropic genes related to the risk of cancer could prioritize drug targets, among all drugs treating a predisposing disease. We aim to develop a method to not only prioritize drug repurposing, but also to highlight shared etiology explaining repurposing. Methods We compile breast cancer's predisposing diseases from literature. For each predisposing disease, we use GWAS summary statistics to identify genes in loci showing genetic correlation with breast cancer. Then, we use a network approach to link these shared genes to canonical pathways, and similarly for all drugs treating the predisposing disease, we link their targets to pathways. In this manner, we are able to prioritize a list of drugs based on each predisposing disease, with each drug linked to a set of implicating pathways. Finally, we evaluate our recommendations against drugs currently under investigation for breast cancer. Results We identify 84 loci harboring mutations with positively correlated effects between breast cancer and its predisposing diseases; these contain 194 identified shared genes. Out of the 112 drugs indicated for the predisposing diseases, 76 drugs can be linked to shared genes via pathways (candidate drugs for repurposing). Fifteen out of these candidate drugs are already in advanced clinical trial phases or approved for breast cancer (OR = 9.28, p = 7.99e-03, one-sided Fisher's exact test), highlighting the ability of our approach to identify likely successful candidate drugs for repurposing. Conclusions Our novel approach accelerates drug repurposing for breast cancer by leveraging shared genetics with its known risk factors. The result provides 59 novel candidate drugs alongside biological insights supporting each recommendation.
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Miyazaki S, Shimizu N, Miyahara H, Teranishi H, Umeda R, Yano S, Shimada T, Shiraishi H, Komiya K, Katoh A, Yoshimura A, Hanada R, Hanada T. DHCR7 links cholesterol synthesis with neuronal development and axonal integrity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149932. [PMID: 38626530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The DHCR7 enzyme converts 7-DHC into cholesterol. Mutations in DHCR7 can block cholesterol production, leading to abnormal accumulation of 7-DHC and causing Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). SLOS is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple malformations, including microcephaly, intellectual disability, behavior reminiscent of autism, sleep disturbances, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like hyperactivity. Although 7-DHC affects neuronal differentiation in ex vivo experiments, the precise mechanism of SLOS remains unclear. We generated Dhcr7 deficient (dhcr7-/-) zebrafish that exhibited key features of SLOS, including microcephaly, decreased neural stem cell pools, and behavioral phenotypes similar to those of ADHD-like hyperactivity. These zebrafish demonstrated compromised myelination, synaptic anomalies, and neurotransmitter imbalances. The axons of the dhcr7-/- zebrafish showed increased lysosomes and attenuated autophagy, suggesting that autophagy-related neuronal homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Teranishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryohei Umeda
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Shinji Yano
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimada
- Oita Medical Technology School, Japan College of Judo-Therapy, Acupuncture & Moxibustion Therapy, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiraishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kosaku Komiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Akira Katoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
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4
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Hart NR. Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2024; 14:691. [PMID: 38927094 PMCID: PMC11201883 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy of unknown etiology, is intensely studied as a model of cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only due to multiple shared pathologic elements but also because changes that develop over decades in CVD appear and resolve within days in preeclampsia. Those affected by preeclampsia and their offspring experience increased lifetime risks of CVD. At the systemic level, preeclampsia is characterized by increased cellular, membrane, and blood levels of cholesterol; however, cholesterol-dependent signaling, such as canonical Wnt/βcatenin, Hedgehog, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, is downregulated indicating a cholesterol deficit with the upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and efflux. Hypoxia-related signaling in preeclampsia also appears to be paradoxical with increased Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in the placenta but measurably increased oxygen in maternal blood in placental villous spaces. This review addresses the molecular mechanisms by which excessive systemic cholesterol and deficient cholesterol-dependent signaling may arise from the effects of dietary lipid variance and environmental membrane modifiers causing the cellular hypoxia that characterizes preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Hart
- PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
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5
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Wang X, Zhong F, Chen T, Wang H, Wang W, Jin H, Li C, Guo X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li B. Cholesterol neutralized vemurafenib treatment by promoting melanoma stem-like cells via its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:226. [PMID: 38775844 PMCID: PMC11111659 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vemurafenib has been used as first-line therapy for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E mutation. However, overall survival is still limited due to treatment resistance after about one year. Therefore, identifying new therapeutic targets for melanoma is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. In the present study, we found that lowering intracellular cholesterol by knocking down DHCR24, the limiting synthetase, impaired tumor cell proliferation and migration and abrogated the ability to xenotransplant tumors. More importantly, administration of DHCR24 or cholesterol mediated resistance to vemurafenib and promoted the growth of melanoma spheroids. Mechanistically, we identified that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol synthesized by the enzyme cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1), reproduces the phenotypes induced by DHCR24 or cholesterol administration and activates Rap1-PI3K/AKT signaling. Accordingly, CYP27A1 is highly expressed in melanoma patients and upregulated by DHCR24 induction. Dafadine-A, a CYP27A1 inhibitor, attenuates cholesterol-induced growth of melanoma spheroids and abrogates the resistance property of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Finally, we confirmed that the effects of cholesterol on melanoma resistance require its metabolite 27HC through CYP27A1 catalysis, and that 27HC further upregulates Rap1A/Rap1B expression and increases AKT phosphorylation. Thus, our results suggest that targeting 27HC may be a useful strategy to overcome treatment resistance in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Feiliang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Weifang Wang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongkai Jin
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chouyang Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
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Sengupta S, Yaeger JD, Schultz MM, Francis KR. Dishevelled localization and function are differentially regulated by structurally distinct sterols. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.593701. [PMID: 38798572 PMCID: PMC11118412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.593701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The Dishevelled (DVL) family of proteins form supramolecular protein and lipid complexes at the cytoplasmic interface of the plasma membrane to regulate tissue patterning, proliferation, cell polarity, and oncogenic processes through DVL-dependent signaling, such as Wnt/β-catenin. While DVL binding to cholesterol is required for its membrane association, the specific structural requirements and cellular impacts of DVL-sterol association are unclear. We report that intracellular sterols which accumulate within normal and pathological conditions cause aberrant DVL activity. In silico and molecular analyses suggested orientation of the β- and α-sterol face within the DVL-PDZ domain regulates DVL-sterol binding. Intracellular accumulation of naturally occurring sterols impaired DVL2 plasma membrane association, inducing DVL2 nuclear localization via Foxk2. Changes to intracellular sterols also selectively impaired DVL2 protein-protein interactions This work identifies sterol specificity as a regulator of DVL signaling, suggests intracellular sterols cause distinct impacts on DVL activity, and supports a role for intracellular sterol homeostasis in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sengupta
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jazmine D.W. Yaeger
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Maycie M. Schultz
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Kevin R. Francis
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
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7
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Katayama T, Takechi M, Murata Y, Chigi Y, Yamaguchi S, Okamura D. Development of a chemically disclosed serum-free medium for mouse pluripotent stem cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1390386. [PMID: 38812912 PMCID: PMC11134454 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1390386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have been widely used as a model system to study the basic biology of pluripotency and to develop cell-based therapies. Traditionally, mESCs have been cultured in a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, serum with its inconsistent chemical composition has been problematic for reproducibility and for studying the role of specific components. While some serum-free media have been reported, these media contain commercial additives whose detailed components have not been disclosed. Recently, we developed a serum-free medium, DA-X medium, which can maintain a wide variety of adherent cancer lines. In this study, we modified the DA-X medium and established a novel serum-free condition for both naïve mESCs in which all components are chemically defined and disclosed (DA-X-modified medium for robust growth of pluripotent stem cells: DARP medium). The DARP medium fully supports the normal transcriptome and differentiation potential in teratoma and the establishment of mESCs from blastocysts that retain the developmental potential in all three germ layers, including germ cells in chimeric embryos. Utility of chemically defined DA-X medium for primed mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) revealed that an optimal amount of cholesterol is required for the robust growth of naïve-state mESCs, but is dispensable for the maintenance of primed-state mEpiSCs. Thus, this study provides reliable and reproducible culture methods to investigate the role of specific components regulating self-renewal and pluripotency in a wide range of pluripotent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Katayama
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Marina Takechi
- Stem Cells and Reprogramming Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yamato Murata
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuta Chigi
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yamaguchi
- Stem Cells and Reprogramming Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
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Wang D, Cao Y, Meng M, Qiu J, Ni C, Guo X, Li Y, Liu S, Yu J, Guo M, Wang J, Du B, Qiu W, Xie C, Zhao B, Ma X, Cheng X, Xu L. FOXA3 regulates cholesterol metabolism to compensate for low uptake during the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002621. [PMID: 38805565 PMCID: PMC11161053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is vital for multiple cancer progression, while how cholesterol affects lung, a low-cholesterol tissue, for cancer metastasis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that metastatic lung adenocarcinoma cells acquire cellular dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol by endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis, instead of uptake upon cholesterol treatment. Besides, we demonstrated that exogenous cholesterol functions as signaling molecule to induce FOXA3, a key transcription factor for lipid metabolism via GLI2. Subsequently, ChIP-seq analysis and molecular studies revealed that FOXA3 transcriptionally activated Hmgcs1, an essential enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, to induce endogenous dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol level for membrane composition change and cell migration. Conversely, FOXA3 knockdown or knockout blocked cholesterol biosynthesis and lung adenocarcinoma metastasis in mice. In addition, the potent FOXA3 inhibitor magnolol suppressed metastatic gene programs in lung adenocarcinoma patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Altogether, our findings shed light onto unique cholesterol metabolism and FOXA3 contribution to lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Changzhou, No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxiang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyao Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Institute of Organoid Technology, BioGenous Biotechnology, Inc., Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Institute of Organoid Technology, BioGenous Biotechnology, Inc., Suzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghua Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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10
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Du X, Zhu Q, Pian H, Yang X, Zhao D, Wu X, He J, Yu D. Transcriptome Analysis of Granulosa Cells Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms Related to Chicken Follicle Development. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 38200750 PMCID: PMC10777934 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to better understand the difference between the functions of the two types of granulosa cells and sought to discover more key genes involved in follicle development and follicle selection. Herein, we separately collected pre-hierarchical follicle granulosa cells (PHGCs) and preovulatory follicle granulosa cells (POGCs) for RNA extraction; the transcriptomes of the two groups were compared via RNA-seq. A total of 5273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the PHGCs and POGCs; 2797 genes were up-regulated and 2476 were down-regulated in the PHGCs compared with the POGCs. A qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression patterns of 16 randomly selected DEGs were highly consistent with the RNA-seq results. In the POGCs, many of the genes with the most significant increase in expression were related to steroid hormone synthesis. In addition, the genes with the most significant decline in expression, including AMH and WT1, were related to the inhibition of steroid hormone synthesis. These results suggest that steroid hormones play a key role in follicle development. Furthermore, a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the primary metabolic process, the carbohydrate metabolic process, the cellular process, ribosomes, the cytoplasm, and intracellular processes. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, the cell cycle, ribosomes, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and so on. We also observed the morphology of the follicles at different developmental stages, and the results showed that the thickness of the granular layer of the small yellow follicles (SYFs) decreased significantly with further development. In addition, we also found that the thickness of the granulosa layer of hens over 300 days old was significantly lower than that of 200-day-old hens. In short, these data indicate that the tissue morphology and function of granulosa cells change throughout follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Du
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Qizhao Zhu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Huifang Pian
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
| | - Dong Zhao
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiawen He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
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11
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Iwaya C, Suzuki A, Iwata J. Loss of Sc5d results in micrognathia due to a failure in osteoblast differentiation. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00395-8. [PMID: 38086515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in genes related to cholesterol metabolism, or maternal diet and health status, affect craniofacial bone formation. However, the precise role of intracellular cholesterol metabolism in craniofacial bone development remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine how cholesterol metabolism aberrations affect craniofacial bone development. METHODS Mice with a deficiency in Sc5d, which encodes an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, were analyzed with histology, micro computed tomography (microCT), and cellular and molecular biological methods. RESULTS Sc5d null mice exhibited mandible hypoplasia resulting from defects in osteoblast differentiation. The activation of the hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, which induce expression of osteogenic genes Col1a1 and Spp1, was compromised in the mandible of Sc5d null mice due to a failure in the formation of the primary cilium, a cell surface structure that senses extracellular cues. Treatments with an inducer of hedgehog or WNT/β-catenin signaling or with simvastatin, a drug that restores abnormal cholesterol production, partially rescued the defects in osteoblast differentiation seen in Sc5d mutant cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that loss of Sc5d results in mandibular hypoplasia through defective primary cilia-mediated hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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12
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Shuwen H, Yinhang W, Jing Z, Qiang Y, Yizhen J, Quan Q, Yin J, Jiang L, Xi Y. Cholesterol induction in CD8 + T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer via the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4441-4456. [PMID: 37919522 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Cholesterol can participate in the regulation of human T cell function and affect the occurrence and development of CRC. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC immune escape mediated by CD8+ T cell exhaustion induced by cholesterol. METHODS CRC samples (n = 217) and healthy individuals (n = 98) were recruited to analyze the relationship between peripheral blood cholesterol levels and the clinical features of CRC. An animal model of CRC with hypercholesterolemia was established. Intraperitoneal intervention with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitors in hypercholesterolemic CRC mice was performed. CD69, PD1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 on CD8+ T cells of spleens from C57BL/6 J mice were detected by flow cytometry. CD8+ T cells were cocultured with MC38 cells (mouse colon cancer cell line). The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasive ability of MC38 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, Annexin-V APC/7-AAD double staining, scratch assay and transwell assay, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ER structure of CD8+ T cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of ERS and mitophagy-related proteins. Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism were measured. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact site (ERMC) proteins. Immunofluorescence colocalization was used to detect the expression and intracellular localization of ERMC-related molecules. RESULTS Peripheral blood cholesterol-related indices, including Tc, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Apo(a), were all increased, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was decreased in CRCs. The proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of MC38 cells were enhanced, and the proportion of tumor cell apoptosis was decreased in the high cholesterol group. The expression of IL-2 and TNF-α was decreased, while IFN-γ was increased in the high cholesterol group. It indicated high cholesterol could induce exhaustion of CD8+ T cells, leading to CRC immune escape. Hypercholesterolemia damaged the ER structure of CD8+ T cells and increased the expression of ER stress molecules (CHOP and GRP78), lead to CD8+ T cell exhaustion. The expression of mitophagy-related proteins (BNIP3, PINK and Parkin) in exhausted CD8+ T cells increased at high cholesterol levels, causing mitochondrial energy disturbance. High cholesterol enhanced the colocalization of Fis1/Bap31, MFN2/cox4/HSP90B1, VAPB/PTPIP51, VDAC1/IPR3/GRP75 in ERMCs, indicated that high cholesterol promoted the intermolecular interaction between ER and mitochondrial membranes in CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION High cholesterol regulated the ERS-ERMC-mitophagy axis to induce the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yizhen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Quan
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yin
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xi
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Diniz F, Ngo NYN, Colon-Leyva M, Edgington-Giordano F, Hilliard S, Zwezdaryk K, Liu J, El-Dahr SS, Tortelote GG. Acetyl-CoA is a key molecule for nephron progenitor cell pool maintenance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7733. [PMID: 38007516 PMCID: PMC10676360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephron endowment at birth impacts long-term renal and cardiovascular health, and it is contingent on the nephron progenitor cell (NPC) pool. Glycolysis modulation is essential for determining NPC fate, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Combining RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics we identify 267 genes commonly targeted by Wnt activation or glycolysis inhibition in NPCs. Several of the impacted pathways converge at Acetyl-CoA, a co-product of glucose metabolism. Notably, glycolysis inhibition downregulates key genes of the Mevalonate/cholesterol pathway and stimulates NPC differentiation. Sodium acetate supplementation rescues glycolysis inhibition effects and favors NPC maintenance without hindering nephrogenesis. Six2Cre-mediated removal of ATP-citrate lyase (Acly), an enzyme that converts citrate to acetyl-CoA, leads to NPC pool depletion, glomeruli count reduction, and increases Wnt4 expression at birth. Sodium acetate supplementation counters the effects of Acly deletion on cap-mesenchyme. Our findings show a pivotal role of acetyl-CoA metabolism in kidney development and uncover new avenues for manipulating nephrogenesis and preventing adult kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Diniz
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nguyen Yen Nhi Ngo
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mariel Colon-Leyva
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Francesca Edgington-Giordano
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sylvia Hilliard
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kevin Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Giovane G Tortelote
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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14
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Koo Y, Han W, Keum BR, Lutz L, Yun SH, Kim GH, Han JK. RNF2 regulates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling via TCF7L1 destabilization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19750. [PMID: 37957244 PMCID: PMC10643375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of various biological processes, such as development and cancer. The downstream transcription factors in this pathway play a vital role in determining the threshold for signaling induction and the length of the response, which vary depending on the biological context. Among the four transcription factors involved in canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, TCF7L1 is known to possess an inhibitory function; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified the E3 ligase, RNF2, as a novel positive regulator of the Wnt pathway. Here, we demonstrate that RNF2 promotes the degradation of TCF7L1 through its ubiquitination upon activation of Wnt signaling. Loss-of-function studies have shown that RNF2 consistently destabilizes nuclear TCF7L1 and is required for proper Wnt target gene transcription in response to Wnt activation. Furthermore, our results revealed that RNF2 controls the threshold, persistence, and termination of Wnt signaling by regulating TCF7L1. Overall, our study sheds light on the previously unknown degradation mechanism of TCF7L1 by a specific E3 ligase, RNF2, and provides new insights into the variability in cellular responses to Wnt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmu Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Han
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Lutz
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Liu X, Lv M, Zhang W, Zhan Q. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in cancer progression. Oncogene 2023; 42:3289-3302. [PMID: 37773204 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis has been implicated in the regulation of cellular and body metabolism. Hence, deregulated cholesterol homeostasis leads to the development of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Recent studies have unveiled the connection between abnormal cholesterol metabolism and cancer development. Cholesterol homeostasis at the cellular level dynamically circulates between synthesis, influx, efflux, and esterification. Any dysregulation of this dynamic process disrupts cholesterol homeostasis and its derivatives, which potentially contributes to tumor progression. There is also evidence that cancer-related signals, which promote malignant progression, also regulate cholesterol metabolism. Here, we described the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and cancer hallmarks, with particular focus on the molecular mechanisms, and the anticancer drugs that target cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou, 215127, China.
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16
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AiErken N, Shao N, Liu Y, Shi H, Shi Y, Yuan Z, Lin Y. Effect of Lipid Levels on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Prognosis in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2023; 18:390-398. [PMID: 37901045 PMCID: PMC10601676 DOI: 10.1159/000531943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dyslipidemia can promote cell proliferation, malignant transformation, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. Moreover, it could also affect immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of lipid levels on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods Samples from 222 patients with TNBC from July 2007 to December 2019 were obtained from the tissue specimen banks in 3 hospitals. The blood samples were used to detect the levels of lipid levels such as apolipoprotein B (Apo B), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The TILs in the 222 TNBC tissues were detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the relationship between the lipid levels, clinical characteristics, and prognosis was analyzed. Results Among TNBC patients, the overall survival (OS) time and disease-free survival (DFS) time were lower in patients with high LDL-C levels than those with low LDL-C levels (p < 0.01, respectively). The DFS was shorter in patients with low stromal TIL (STIL) levels than those with moderate or high STIL levels (p = 0.023). Multifactor Cox regression analysis showed that LDL-C level, Apo B level, and lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer were independent risk factors for OS in TNBC patients. The number of positive lymph nodes, postoperative staging, and total amount of TILs were independent risk factors for DFS in TNBC patients. Conclusion The LDL-C and STIL levels were correlated with survival and prognosis in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- NiJiati AiErken
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Shi
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Bao W, You Y, Ni J, Hou H, Lyu J, Feng G, Wang Y, You K, Zhang S, Zhang L, Cao X, Wang X, Li H, Li H, Xu J, Liu C, Luo X, Du P, Chen D, Shen X. Inhibiting sorting nexin 10 promotes mucosal healing through SREBP2-mediated stemness restoration of intestinal stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5016. [PMID: 37647408 PMCID: PMC10468130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cell (ISC) is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease. Cholesterol availability is critical for ISC stemness. Low plasma cholesterol is a typical feature of Crohn's disease (CD); however, its impact on mucosal healing remains unclear. Here, we identified an essential role of sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) in maintaining the stemness of ISCs. SNX10 expression in intestinal tissues positively correlates with the severity of human CD and mouse colitis. Conditional SNX10 knockout in intestinal epithelial cells or ISCs promotes intestinal mucosal repair by maintaining the ISC population associated with increased intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Disassociation of ERLIN2 with SCAP by SNX10 deletion enhances the activation of SREBP2, resulting in increased cholesterol biosynthesis. DC-SX029, a small-molecule inhibitor of SNX10, was used to verify the druggable potential of SNX10 for the treatment of patients with CD. Our study provides a strategy for mucosal healing through SREBP2-mediated stemness restoration of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilian Bao
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaren Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guize Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyuan You
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenying Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhao J, Ikezu TC, Lu W, Macyczko JR, Li Y, Lewis-Tuffin LJ, Martens YA, Ren Y, Zhu Y, Asmann YW, Ertekin-Taner N, Kanekiyo T, Bu G. APOE deficiency impacts neural differentiation and cholesterol biosynthesis in human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:214. [PMID: 37605285 PMCID: PMC10441762 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, how it modulates brain homeostasis is not clear. The apoE protein is a major lipid carrier in the brain transporting lipids such as cholesterol among different brain cell types. METHODS We generated three-dimensional (3-D) cerebral organoids from human parental iPSC lines and its isogenic APOE-deficient (APOE-/-) iPSC line. To elucidate the cell-type-specific effects of APOE deficiency in the cerebral organoids, we performed scRNA-seq in the parental and APOE-/- cerebral organoids at Day 90. RESULTS We show that APOE deficiency in human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids impacts brain lipid homeostasis by modulating multiple cellular and molecular pathways. Molecular profiling through single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that APOE deficiency leads to changes in cellular composition of isogenic cerebral organoids likely by modulating the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling pathway as these events were alleviated by the treatment of an integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB). APOE deletion also leads to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with concomitant decrease of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) expression in glia cells. Importantly, the critical role of apoE in cell-type-specific lipid homeostasis was observed upon APOE deletion in cerebral organoids with a specific upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in excitatory neurons and excessive lipid accumulation in astrocytes. Relevant to human AD, APOE4 cerebral organoids show altered neurogenesis and cholesterol metabolism compared to those with APOE3. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates critical roles of apoE in brain homeostasis and offers critical insights into the APOE4-related pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Tadafumi C Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Wenyan Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jesse R Macyczko
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yonghe Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Yuka A Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yiyang Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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19
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Feng T, Hou P, Mu S, Fang Y, Li X, Li Z, Wang D, Chen L, Lu L, Lin K, Wang S. Identification of cholesterol metabolism-related subtypes in nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and analysis of immune infiltration. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:127. [PMID: 37563740 PMCID: PMC10413501 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs) invading the cavernous sinus and analyze the differences in immune cell infiltration between invasive and noninvasive NF-PitNETs. METHODS First, a retrospective analysis of single-center clinical data was performed. Second, the immune cell infiltration between invasive and noninvasive NF-PitNETs in the GSE169498 dataset was further analyzed, and statistically different cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression matrices were obtained from the dataset. The hub cholesterol metabolism-related genes in NF-PitNETs were screened by constructing machine learning models. In accordance with the hub gene, 73 cases of NF-PitNETs were clustered into two subtypes, and the functional differences and immune cell infiltration between the two subtypes were further analyzed. RESULTS The clinical data of 146 NF-PitNETs were evaluated, and the results showed that the cholesterol (P = 0.034) between invasive and noninvasive NF-PitNETs significantly differed. After binary logistic analysis, cholesterol was found to be an independent risk factor for cavernous sinus invasion (CSI) in NF-PitNETs. Bioinformatics analysis found three immune cells between invasive and noninvasive NF-PitNETs were statistically significant in the GSE169498 dataset, and 34 cholesterol metabolism-related genes with differences between the two groups were obtained 12 hub genes were selected by crossing the two machine learning algorithm results. Subsequently, cholesterol metabolism-related subgroups, A and B, were obtained by unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. The results showed that 12 immune cells infiltrated differentially between the two subgroups. The chi-square test revealed that the two subgroups had statistically significance in the invasive and noninvasive samples (P = 0.001). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the neural ligand-receptor pathway. GSVA analysis showed that the mTORC signaling pathway was upregulated and played an important role in the two-cluster comparison. CONCLUSION By clinical data and bioinformatics analysis, cholesterol metabolism-related genes may promote the infiltration abundance of immune cells in NF-PitNETs and the invasion of cavernous sinuses by NF-PitNETs through the mTOR signaling pathway. This study provides a new perspective to explore the pathogenesis of cavernous sinus invasion by NF-PitNETs and determine potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Grants
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2019Y9045 the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
- 2020QH2040 Startup Fund for scientific research at Fujian Medical University
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900th Hospital, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900th Hospital, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiong Li
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900th Hospital, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingling Lu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kunzhe Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900th Hospital, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900th Hospital, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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20
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Gutay-Tóth Z, Gellen G, Doan M, Eliason JF, Vincze J, Szente L, Fenyvesi F, Goda K, Vecsernyés M, Szabó G, Bacso Z. Cholesterol-Depletion-Induced Membrane Repair Carries a Raft Conformer of P-Glycoprotein to the Cell Surface, Indicating Enhanced Cholesterol Trafficking in MDR Cells, Which Makes Them Resistant to Cholesterol Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12335. [PMID: 37569709 PMCID: PMC10419235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a transporter responsible for multidrug resistance, is present in the plasma membrane's raft and non-raft domains. One specific conformation of P-gp that binds to the monoclonal antibody UIC2 is primarily associated with raft domains and displays heightened internalization in cells overexpressing P-gp, such as in NIH-3T3 MDR1 cells. Our primary objective was to investigate whether the trafficking of this particular P-gp conformer is dependent on cholesterol levels. Surprisingly, depleting cholesterol using cyclodextrin resulted in an unexpected increase in the proportion of raft-associated P-gp within the cell membrane, as determined by UIC2-reactive P-gp. This increase appears to be a compensatory response to cholesterol loss from the plasma membrane, whereby cholesterol-rich raft micro-domains are delivered to the cell surface through an augmented exocytosis process. Furthermore, this exocytotic event is found to be part of a complex trafficking mechanism involving lysosomal exocytosis, which contributes to membrane repair after cholesterol reduction induced by cyclodextrin treatment. Notably, cells overexpressing P-gp demonstrated higher total cellular cholesterol levels, an increased abundance of stable lysosomes, and more effective membrane repair following cholesterol modifications. These modifications encompassed exocytotic events that involved the transport of P-gp-carrying rafts. Importantly, the enhanced membrane repair capability resulted in a durable phenotype for MDR1 expressing cells, as evidenced by significantly improved viabilities of multidrug-resistant Pgp-overexpressing immortal NIH-3T3 MDR1 and MDCK-MDR1 cells compared to their parents when subjected to cholesterol alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gutay-Tóth
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gellen
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Minh Doan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - James F. Eliason
- Great Lakes Stem Cell Innovation Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - János Vincze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., 1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Katalin Goda
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
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21
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Mlih M, Thiriveedi V, Salinas ML, Rivera-Rodríguez JM, Kim E, Wright RC, Wang X, Landrock KK, Goldsby JS, Mullens DA, Roper J, Karpac J, Chapkin RS. Mutant APC reshapes Wnt signaling plasma membrane nanodomains by altering cholesterol levels via oncogenic β-catenin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4342. [PMID: 37468468 PMCID: PMC10356786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of the Wnt pathway in colon carcinogenesis has been described previously, it has been recently demonstrated that Wnt signaling originates from highly dynamic nano-assemblies at the plasma membrane. However, little is known regarding the role of oncogenic APC in reshaping Wnt nanodomains. This is noteworthy, because oncogenic APC does not act autonomously and requires activation of Wnt effectors upstream of APC to drive aberrant Wnt signaling. Here, we demonstrate the role of oncogenic APC in increasing plasma membrane free cholesterol and rigidity, thereby modulating Wnt signaling hubs. This results in an overactivation of Wnt signaling in the colon. Finally, using the Drosophila sterol auxotroph model, we demonstrate the unique ability of exogenous free cholesterol to disrupt plasma membrane homeostasis and drive Wnt signaling in a wildtype APC background. Collectively, these findings provide a link between oncogenic APC, loss of plasma membrane homeostasis and CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mohamed Mlih
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Venkataramana Thiriveedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael L Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jaileen M Rivera-Rodríguez
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rachel C Wright
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jennifer S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Destiny A Mullens
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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22
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Kunkel TJ, Townsend A, Sullivan KA, Merlet J, Schuchman EH, Jacobson DA, Lieberman AP. The cholesterol transporter NPC1 is essential for epigenetic regulation and maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3964. [PMID: 37407594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular cholesterol transporter NPC1 functions in late endosomes and lysosomes to efflux unesterified cholesterol, and its deficiency causes Niemann-Pick disease Type C, an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and early death. Here, we use single-nucleus RNA-seq on the forebrain of Npc1-/- mice at P16 to identify cell types and pathways affected early in pathogenesis. Our analysis uncovers significant transcriptional changes in the oligodendrocyte lineage during developmental myelination, accompanied by diminished maturation of myelinating oligodendrocytes. We identify upregulation of genes associated with neurogenesis and synapse formation in Npc1-/- oligodendrocyte lineage cells, reflecting diminished gene silencing by H3K27me3. Npc1-/- oligodendrocyte progenitor cells reproduce impaired maturation in vitro, and this phenotype is rescued by treatment with GSK-J4, a small molecule inhibitor of H3K27 demethylases. Moreover, mobilizing stored cholesterol in Npc1-/- mice by a single administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin at P7 rescues myelination, epigenetic marks, and oligodendrocyte gene expression. Our findings highlight an important role for NPC1 in oligodendrocyte lineage maturation and epigenetic regulation, and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus J Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alice Townsend
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle A Sullivan
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jean Merlet
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Jacobson
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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23
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Palmer MA, Dias IHK, Smart E, Benatzy Y, Haslam IS. Cholesterol homeostasis in hair follicle keratinocytes is disrupted by impaired ABCA5 activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159361. [PMID: 37348644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cholesterol in hair follicle biology is underscored by its links to the pathogenesis of alopecias and hair growth disorders. Reports have associated defects in ABCA5, a membrane transporter, with altered keratinocyte cholesterol distribution in individuals with a form of congenital hypertrichosis, yet the biological basis for this defect in hair growth remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the impact of altered ABCA5 activity on hair follicle keratinocyte behaviour. Primary keratinocytes isolated from the outer root sheath of plucked human hair follicles were utilised as a relevant cell model. Following exogenous cholesterol loading, an increase in ABCA5 co-localisation to intracellular organelles was seen. Knockdown of ABCA5 revealed a dysregulation in cholesterol homeostasis, with LXR agonism leading to partial restoration of the homeostatic response. Filipin staining and live BODIPY cholesterol immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a reduction in endo-lysosomal cholesterol following ABCA5 knockdown. Analysis of oxysterols showed a significant increase in the fold change of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-β-hydroxycholesterol following cholesterol loading in ORS keratinocytes, after ABCA5 knockdown. These data suggest a role for ABCA5 in the intracellular compartmentalisation of free cholesterol in primary hair follicle keratinocytes. The loss of normal homeostatic response, following the delivery of excess cholesterol after ABCA5 knockdown, suggests an impact on LXR-mediated transcriptional activity. The loss of ABCA5 in the hair follicle could lead to impaired endo-lysosomal cholesterol transport, impacting pathways known to influence hair growth. This avenue warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Eleanor Smart
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Yvonne Benatzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
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24
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Ning S, Liu C, Wang K, Cai Y, Ning Z, Li M, Zeng L. NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 drives breast cancer metastasis through the up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis via the mTORC1 pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:362. [PMID: 37277807 PMCID: PMC10243030 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reprogramming lipid metabolism for tumor metastasis is essential in breast cancer, and NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism. Its high expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Here, we studied whether NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 promotes breast cancer metastasis through reprogramming cholesterol metabolism. METHODS ELISA was employed to measure the concentration of Nesfatin-1 in the serum of breast cancer patients and the control group. Database analysis suggested that NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 might be acetylated in breast cancer, which was confirmed by treating the breast cancer cells with acetyltransferase inhibitors. Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays were conducted, and nude mouse lung metastasis models were established to examine the effect of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 on breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The Affymetrix gene expression chip results were analyzed using IPA software to identify the critical pathway induced by NUCB2/Nesfatin-1. We evaluated the effect of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 on cholesterol biosynthesis through the mTORC1-SREBP2-HMGCR axis by utilizing mTORC1 inhibitor and rescue experiments. RESULTS NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 was found to be overexpressed in the breast cancer patients, and its overexpression was positively correlated with poor prognosis. NUCB2 was potentially acetylated, leading to high expression in breast cancer. NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 promoted metastasis in vitro and in vivo, while Nesfatin-1 rescued impaired cell metastasis induced by NUCB2 depletion. Mechanistically, NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 upregulated cholesterol synthesis via the mTORC1 signal pathway, contributing to breast cancer migration and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the NUCB2/Nesfatin-1/mTORC1/SREBP2 signal pathway is critical in regulating cholesterol synthesis, essential for breast cancer metastasis. Thus, NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 might be utilized as a diagnostic tool and also used in cancer therapy for breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Ning
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410028, China
| | - Caiying Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410028, China
| | - Kangtao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410028, China
| | - Yubo Cai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410028, China
| | - Zhicheng Ning
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, 410031, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410028, China.
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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25
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Hart NR. A theoretical model of dietary lipid variance as the origin of primary ciliary dysfunction in preeclampsia. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1173030. [PMID: 37251083 PMCID: PMC10210153 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1173030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serving as the cell's key interface in communicating with the outside world, primary cilia have emerged as an area of multidisciplinary research interest over the last 2 decades. Although the term "ciliopathy" was first used to describe abnormal cilia caused by gene mutations, recent studies focus on abnormalities of cilia that are found in diseases without clear genetic antecedents, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy, is intensely studied as a model for cardiovascular disease partially due to many shared pathophysiologic elements, but also because changes that develop over decades in cardiovascular disease arise in days with preeclampsia yet resolve rapidly after delivery, thus providing a time-lapse view of the development of cardiovascular pathology. As with genetic primary ciliopathies, preeclampsia affects multiple organ systems. While aspirin delays the onset of preeclampsia, there is no cure other than delivery. The primary etiology of preeclampsia is unknown; however, recent reviews emphasize the fundamental role of abnormal placentation. During normal embryonic development, trophoblastic cells, which arise from the outer layer of the 4-day-old blastocyst, invade the maternal endometrium and establish extensive placental vascular connections between mother and fetus. In primary cilia of trophoblasts, Hedgehog and Wnt/catenin signaling operate upstream of vascular endothelial growth factor to advance placental angiogenesis in a process that is promoted by accessible membrane cholesterol. In preeclampsia, impaired proangiogenic signaling combined with an increase in apoptotic signaling results in shallow invasion and inadequate placental function. Recent studies show primary cilia in preeclampsia to be fewer in number and shortened with functional signaling abnormalities. Presented here is a model that integrates preeclampsia lipidomics and physiology with the molecular mechanisms of liquid-liquid phase separation in model membrane studies and the known changes in human dietary lipids over the last century to explain how changes in dietary lipids might reduce accessible membrane cholesterol and give rise to shortened cilia and defects in angiogenic signaling, which underlie placental dysfunction of preeclampsia. This model offers a possible mechanism for non-genetic dysfunction in cilia and proposes a proof-of-concept study to treat preeclampsia with dietary lipids.
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Zheng Q, Han Y, Fan M, Gao X, Ma M, Xu J, Liu S, Ge J. Potential role of TREM2 in high cholesterol‑induced cell injury and metabolic dysfunction in SH‑SY5Y cells. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:205. [PMID: 37090086 PMCID: PMC10119670 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an important member of the immunoglobulin family of inflammatory stimulating receptors and is involved in a number of pathophysiological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TREM2 in neurotoxicity induced by high cholesterol levels in SH-SY5Y cells and explore the potential mechanism. SH-SY5Y cells were routinely cultured and stimulated with a range of cholesterol concentrations. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, morphological changes were observed, and the cell cycle distribution was measured using flow cytometry. Lipid deposition was measured by Oil red O staining, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of SRBEP-1 and SRBEP-2 were detected by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Moreover, the protein expression levels of BDNF, Copine-6, TREM1, TREM2, and key molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. Finally, TREM2 was overexpressed to investigate its potential role in high cholesterol-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that cell viability was significantly decreased in SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with cholesterol (0.1~100 µM) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Stimulation with 100 µM cholesterol for 24 h resulted in morphological injuries, increased the proportion of SH-SY5Y cells at G0/G1, the degree of lipid accumulation, and the protein expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1 and SREBP2, markedly decreased the protein expression levels of BDNF, Copine-6, and TREM2, and the p-β-catenin/β-catenin ratio, and increased the expression levels of nesfatin-1, TREM1 and the p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratio. Furthermore, the imbalanced expression of BDNF, Copine-6, nesfatin-1, and p-GSK3β induced by high cholesterol levels was reversed after overexpression of TREM2. These results suggest that a high concentration of cholesterol could induce cell injury and lipid deposition in SH-SY5Y cells and that the underlying mechanism may be associated with imbalanced TREM2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yinxiu Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Min Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Mengdie Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jingxian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Sen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Jinfang Ge, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Pascual F, Icyuz M, Karmaus P, Brooks A, Van Gorder E, Fessler MB, Shaw ND. Cholesterol biosynthesis modulates differentiation in murine cranial neural crest cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7073. [PMID: 37127649 PMCID: PMC10151342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (cNCC) are a multipotent embryonic cell population that give rise to a diverse set of cell types. These cells are particularly vulnerable to external metabolic stressors, as exemplified by the association between maternal hyperglycemia and congenital malformations. We were interested in studying the effect of various concentrations of glucose and pyruvate on cNCC metabolism, migration, and differentiation using an established murine neural crest cell model (O9-1). We unexpectedly observed a pattern of gene expression suggestive of cholesterol biosynthesis induction under glucose depletion conditions in O9-1 cells. We further showed that treatment with two different cholesterol synthesis inhibitors interfered with cell migration and differentiation, inhibiting chondrogenesis while enhancing smooth muscle cell differentiation. As congenital arhinia (absent external nose), a malformation caused by mutations in SMCHD1, appears to represent, in part, a defect in cNCC, we were also interested in investigating the effects of glucose and cholesterol availability on Smchd1 expression in O9-1 cells. Smchd1 expression was induced under high glucose conditions whereas cholesterol synthesis inhibitors decreased Smchd1 expression during chondrogenesis. These data highlight a novel role for cholesterol biosynthesis in cNCC physiology and demonstrate that human phenotypic variability in SMCHD1 mutation carriers may be related, in part, to SMCHD1's sensitivity to glucose or cholesterol dosage during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Pascual
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Mert Icyuz
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Peer Karmaus
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Brooks
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Van Gorder
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Natalie D Shaw
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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28
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Chen Z, Zhou X, Zhou X, Tang Y, Lu M, Zhao J, Tian C, Wu M, Liu Y, Prochownik EV, Wang F, Li Y. Phosphomevalonate Kinase Controls β-Catenin Signaling via the Metabolite 5-Diphosphomevalonate. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204909. [PMID: 36808719 PMCID: PMC10131864 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin signaling is abnormally activated in cancer. Here, this work screens the mevalonate metabolic pathway enzyme PMVK to stabilize β-catenin signaling using a human genome-wide library. On the one hand, PMVK-produced MVA-5PP competitively binds to CKIα to prevent β-catenin Ser45 phosphorylation and degradation. On the other hand, PMVK functions as a protein kinase to directly phosphorylate β-catenin Ser184 to increase its protein nuclear localization. This synergistic effect of PMVK and MVA-5PP together promotes β-catenin signaling. In addition, PMVK deletion impairs mouse embryonic development and causes embryonic lethal. PMVK deficiency in liver tissue alleviates DEN/CCl4 -induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, the small molecule inhibitor of PMVK, PMVKi5, is developed and PMVKi5 inhibits carcinogenesis of liver and colorectal tissues. These findings reveal a non-canonical function of a key metabolic enzyme PMVK and a novel link between the mevalonate pathway and β-catenin signaling in carcinogenesis providing a new target for clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Yanliang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060P. R. China
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/OncologyChildren's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMCDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsPittsburgh Liver Research Center and Hillman Cancer Center of UPMCUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15224USA
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Center for Single‐Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid BiopsyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Youjun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- Medical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071P. R. China
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29
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Kimura S, Morita T, Hosoba K, Itoh H, Yamamoto T, Miyamoto T. Cholesterol in the ciliary membrane as a therapeutic target against cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1160415. [PMID: 37006607 PMCID: PMC10060879 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1160415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilium is a non-motile, antenna-like structure that develops in the quiescent G0 phase-cell surface. It is composed of an array of axonemal microtubules polymerized from the centrosome/basal body. The plasma membrane surrounding the primary cilium, which is called the ciliary membrane, contains a variety of receptors and ion channels, through which the cell receives extracellular chemical and physical stimuli to initiate signal transduction. In general, primary cilia disappear when cells receive the proliferative signals to re-enter the cell cycle. Primary cilia thus cannot be identified in many malignant and proliferative tumors. In contrast, some cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and other malignancies, retain their primary cilia. Importantly, it has been reported that the primary cilia-mediated oncogenic signals of Hedgehog, Wnt, and Aurora kinase A are involved in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of basal cell carcinoma and some types of medulloblastoma. It has also been demonstrated that cholesterol is significantly more enriched in the ciliary membrane than in the rest of the plasma membrane to ensure Sonic hedgehog signaling. A series of epidemiological studies on statin drugs (cholesterol-lowering medication) demonstrated that they prevent recurrence in a wide range of cancers. Taken together, ciliary cholesterol could be a potential therapeutic target in primary cilia-dependent progressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotai Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomoka Morita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hosoba
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Program of Mathematical and Life Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Program of Mathematical and Life Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tatsuo Miyamoto,
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30
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Gu Y, Lin X, Dong Y, Wood G, Seidah NG, Werstuck G, Major P, Bonert M, Kapoor A, Tang D. PCSK9 facilitates melanoma pathogenesis via a network regulating tumor immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:2. [PMID: 36588164 PMCID: PMC9806914 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PCSK9 regulates cholesterol homeostasis and promotes tumorigenesis. However, the relevance of these two actions and the mechanisms underlying PCSK9's oncogenic roles in melanoma and other cancers remain unclear. METHODS PCSK9's association with melanoma was analysed using the TCGA dataset. Empty vector (EV), PCSK9, gain-of-function (D374Y), and loss-of-function (Q152H) PCSK9 mutant were stably-expressed in murine melanoma B16 cells and studied for impact on B16 cell-derived oncogenesis in vitro and in vivo using syngeneic C57BL/6 and Pcsk9-/- mice. Intratumoral accumulation of cholesterol was determined. RNA-seq was performed on individual tumor types. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were derived from the comparisons of B16 PCSK9, B16 D374Y, or B16 Q152H tumors to B16 EV allografts and analysed for pathway alterations. RESULTS PCSK9 expression and its network negatively correlated with the survival probability of patients with melanoma. PCSK9 promoted B16 cell proliferation, migration, and growth in soft agar in vitro, formation of tumors in C57BL/6 mice in vivo, and accumulation of intratumoral cholesterol in a manner reflecting its regulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR): Q152H, EV, PCSK9, and D374Y. Tumor-associated T cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK cells were significantly increased in D374Y tumors along with upregulations of multiple immune checkpoints, IFNγ, and 143 genes associated with T cell dysfunction. Overlap of 36 genes between the D374Y DEGs and the PCSK9 DEGs predicted poor prognosis of melanoma and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. CYTH4, DENND1C, AOAH, TBC1D10C, EPSTI1, GIMAP7, and FASL (FAS ligand) were novel predictors of ICB therapy and displayed high level of correlations with multiple immune checkpoints in melanoma and across 30 human cancers. We observed FAS ligand being among the most robust biomarkers of ICB treatment and constructed two novel and effective multigene panels predicting response to ICB therapy. The profiles of allografts produced by B16 EV, PCSK9, D374Y, and Q152H remained comparable in C57BL/6 and Pcsk9-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-derived PCSK9 plays a critical role in melanoma pathogenesis. PCSK9's oncogenic actions are associated with intratumoral cholesterol accumulation. PCSK9 systemically affects the immune system, contributing to melanoma immune evasion. Novel biomarkers derived from the PCSK9-network effectively predicted ICB therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Geoffrey Wood
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- grid.511547.30000 0001 2106 1695Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7 Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Michael Bonert
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
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31
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Wang H, Cui B, Yan H, Wu S, Wang K, Yang G, Jiang J, Li Y. Targeting 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase against EV-A71 replication by upregulating interferon response. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105497. [PMID: 36528172 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a close link between viral infections and cholesterol metabolism. Here, we reported that 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), a terminal enzyme for catalyzing cholesterol synthesis in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway, is harnessed by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) benefitting for its replication. Overexpression of DHCR7 resulted in upregulating of EV-A71 replication, while the S14A mutation, which reduces DHCR7 enzyme activity, has no effect on EV-A71 replication. Knockdown of DHCR7 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or enzyme activity inhibition with pharmacological inhibitor AY9944 could significantly inhibit EV-A71 replication. Adding cholesterol to DHCR7 knockdown cells or AY9944-treated cells could rescue EV-A71 replication. More importantly, prophylactic administration of AY9944 effectively protected mice from lethal EV-A71 infection. In addition, the natural cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), which is converted to cholesterol by DHCR7, has a similar effect against EV-A71 infection. Mechanistically, AY9944 or 7-DHC treatment can specifically promote IRF3 phosphorylation to activate interferon response. Moreover, AY9944 effectively cleared coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infections in vitro. In conclusion, pharmacological modulation of DHCR7 might provide a chance for treatment of enterovirus infection, including EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Boming Cui
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Cho W, Berkley K, Sharma A. Lipid Binding of SH2 Domains. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2705:239-253. [PMID: 37668978 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3393-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain is a modular protein interaction domain that specifically recognizes the phosphotyrosine (pY) motif of a target molecule. We recently reported that a large majority of human SH2 domains tightly bind membrane lipids, and many show high lipid specificity. Most of them can bind a lipid and the pY motif coincidently because their lipid-binding sites are topologically distinct from pY-binding pockets. Lipid binding of SH2 domain-containing kinases and phosphatases is functionally important because it exerts exquisite spatiotemporal control on protein-protein interaction and cell signaling activities mediated by these proteins. Here, we describe two assays, surface plasmon resonance analysis and fluorescence quenching analysis, which allow quantitative determination of the affinity and specificity of SH2-lipid interaction and high-throughput screening for SH2 domain-lipid-binding inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kyli Berkley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Gazgalis D, Logothetis DE. PI(4,5)P 2 and Cholesterol: Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:3-59. [PMID: 36988876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide and cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane (PM). Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signaling molecules and major regulators of protein function. This chapter provides an overview of these two important lipids. Starting from a brief description of their structure, synthesis, and regulation, the chapter continues to describe the primary functions and signaling processes in which PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol are involved. While PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act independently, they often act in concert or affect each other's impact. The chapters in this volume on "Cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in Vital Biological Functions: From Coexistence to Crosstalk" focus on the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a variety of biological systems and processes. In this chapter, the next section provides examples from the ion channel field demonstrating that PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act via common mechanisms. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Halimi H, Farjadian S. Cholesterol: An important actor on the cancer immune scene. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057546. [PMID: 36479100 PMCID: PMC9719946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the structural and signaling roles of cholesterol, which are necessary for immune cell activity, high concentrations of cholesterol and its metabolites not only trigger malignant cell activities but also impede immune responses against cancer cells. To proliferate and evade immune responses, tumor cells overcome environmental restrictions by changing their metabolic and signaling pathways. Overexpression of mevalonate pathway enzymes and low-density lipoprotein receptor cause elevated cholesterol synthesis and uptake, respectively. Accordingly, cholesterol can be considered as both a cause and an effect of cancer. Variations in the effects of blood cholesterol levels on the outcome of different types of cancer may depend on the stage of cancer. However, positive effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs have been reported in the treatment of patients with some malignancies.
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Tomita H, Hines KM, Herron JM, Li A, Baggett DW, Xu L. 7-Dehydrocholesterol-derived oxysterols cause neurogenic defects in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. eLife 2022; 11:e67141. [PMID: 36111785 PMCID: PMC9519149 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ7 -reductase (DHCR7) in the developmental disorder, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), results in a deficiency in cholesterol and accumulation of its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Here, we show that loss of DHCR7 causes accumulation of 7-DHC-derived oxysterol metabolites, premature neurogenesis from murine or human cortical neural precursors, and depletion of the cortical precursor pool, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that a major oxysterol, 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), mediates these effects by initiating crosstalk between glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and neurotrophin receptor kinase TrkB. Either loss of DHCR7 or direct exposure to DHCEO causes hyperactivation of GR and TrkB and their downstream MEK-ERK-C/EBP signaling pathway in cortical neural precursors. Moreover, direct inhibition of GR activation with an antagonist or inhibition of DHCEO accumulation with antioxidants rescues the premature neurogenesis phenotype caused by the loss of DHCR7. These results suggest that GR could be a new therapeutic target against the neurological defects observed in SLOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tomita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Kelly M Hines
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Josi M Herron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - David W Baggett
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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The emerging role of 27-hydroxycholesterol in cancer development and progression: An update. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hu L, Dong H, He L, Shi M, Xiang N, Su Y, Wang C, Tian Y, Hu Y, Wang H, Liu H, Wen C, Yang X. Evacetrapib Elicits Antitumor Effects on Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Activating the JNK Signaling Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1238-1245. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Lingyuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Nanlin Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Yixi Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yijia Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Huihui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
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Sarraf TR, Sen M. Wnt5A signaling supports antigen processing and CD8 T cell activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960060. [PMID: 36091060 PMCID: PMC9459031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen processing and antigen-specific CD8 T cell activation form part and parcel of cell-mediated immunity to infections. Yet, several lacunae remain in our understanding of how antigen processing and CD8 T cell response are coordinated. In this study, using mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) as antigen-presenting cells and Ovalbumin (OVA)/DQ-Ovalbumin (DQ-OVA) as model antigen we demonstrated that Wnt5A signaling in BMDC supports antigen processing/presentation and concomitant CD8 T cell activation through regulation of actin and proteasome dynamics. Recombinant Wnt5A conditioning of BMDC and associated actin assembly facilitated DQ-OVA processing, which was inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, Wnt5A depletion led to a significant reduction in OVA processing and presentation. Impaired DQ-OVA processing in Wnt5A depleted BMDC correlated with altered dynamics of both actin and the proteasome regulator PA28α-PA28β, and reduced association of DQ-OVA with actin and proteasome subunits. Inhibited OVA processing/presentation in the Wnt5A depleted BMDC also resulted in subdued activation of OVA-sensitized CD8 T cells in co-culture with the BMDC. In concurrence with these findings, we demonstrated reduced OVA processing and impaired CD8 T cell response to OVA immunization in Wnt5A heterozygous mice lacking a copy of the Wnt5A gene in comparison to the wild-type cohorts. Taken together, our results reveal a crucial requirement of Wnt5A signaling in antigen processing/presentation and CD8 T cell activation, thus unveiling a vital regulatory node of cell-mediated immunity, unidentified thus far.
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Mahoney JP, Bruguera ES, Vasishtha M, Killingsworth LB, Kyaw S, Weis WI. PI(4,5)P 2-stimulated positive feedback drives the recruitment of Dishevelled to Frizzled in Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo2820. [PMID: 35998232 PMCID: PMC9528458 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the Wnt-β-catenin pathway, Wnt binding to Frizzled (Fzd) and LRP5 or LRP6 (LRP5/6) co-receptors inhibits the degradation of the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin by recruiting the cytosolic effector Dishevelled (Dvl). Polymerization of Dvl at the plasma membrane recruits the β-catenin destruction complex, enabling the phosphorylation of LRP5/6, a key step in inhibiting β-catenin degradation. Using purified Fzd proteins reconstituted in lipid nanodiscs, we investigated the factors that promote the recruitment of Dvl to the plasma membrane. We found that the affinity of Fzd for Dvl was not affected by Wnt ligands, in contrast to other members of the GPCR superfamily for which the binding of extracellular ligands affects the affinity for downstream transducers. Instead, Fzd-Dvl binding was enhanced by increased concentration of the lipid PI(4,5)P2, which is generated by Dvl-associated lipid kinases in response to Wnt and which is required for LRP5/6 phosphorylation. Moreover, binding to Fzd did not promote Dvl DEP domain dimerization, which has been proposed to be required for signaling downstream of Fzd. Our findings suggest a positive feedback loop in which Wnt-stimulated local PI(4,5)P2 production enhances Dvl recruitment and further PI(4,5)P2 production to support Dvl polymerization, LRP5/6 phosphorylation, and β-catenin stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Mahoney
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Elise S Bruguera
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Mansi Vasishtha
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Lauren B Killingsworth
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Saw Kyaw
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - William I Weis
- Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
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Wang W, Chan YH, Kwon S, Tandukar J, Gao R. Nanoscale fluorescence imaging of biological ultrastructure via molecular anchoring and physical expansion. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:30. [PMID: 35810234 PMCID: PMC9271151 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale imaging of biological samples can provide rich morphological and mechanistic information about biological functions and dysfunctions at the subcellular and molecular level. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed nanoscale fluorescence imaging method that takes advantage of physical enlargement of biological samples. In ExM, preserved cells and tissues are embedded in a swellable hydrogel, to which the molecules and fluorescent tags in the samples are anchored. When the hydrogel swells several-fold, the effective resolution of the sample images can be improved accordingly via physical separation of the retained molecules and fluorescent tags. In this review, we focus on the early conception and development of ExM from a biochemical and materials perspective. We first examine the general workflow as well as the numerous variations of ExM developed to retain and visualize a broad range of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and membranous structures. We then describe a number of inherent challenges facing ExM, including those associated with expansion isotropy and labeling density, as well as the ongoing effort to address these limitations. Finally, we discuss the prospect and possibility of pushing the resolution and accuracy of ExM to the single-molecule scale and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yat Ho Chan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - SoYoung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jamuna Tandukar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Identification of CXCR4 Upregulation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Prognostic Significance and Clinicopathological Characteristics. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3276925. [PMID: 35774848 PMCID: PMC9239773 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3276925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous malignant lymphoma with distinct characteristics. Patients with treatment failure after the standard immunochemotherapy have worse prognosis, which implies the necessity to uncover novel targets. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) overexpression has been identified in several hematopoietic malignancies. However, the expression signatures and prognostic significance of CXCR4 in DLBCL associated with clinicopathological features remain unclear. Methods Gene expression profiles of DLBCL were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Then, a meta-analysis with an integrated bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess the relationship between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological features of DLBCL. Finally, experimental verification including immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out using patient samples. In vitro cell line viability tests were conducted using CXCR4 inhibitor WZ811. Results DLBCL patients with activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype have higher expression level of CXCR4 with worse survival. Differential expressed genes in the CXCR4-upregulation group were enriched in canonical pathways associated with oncogenesis. DLBCL with CXCR4 upregulation had lower degree of CD8+ T cell infiltration. TIMER analysis demonstrated that the CXCR4 expression was positively correlated with the expression of CD5, MYC, NOTCH1, PDCD1, CD274, mTOR, FOXO1, and hnRNPA2B1 in DLBCL. IHC study in patient samples showed the positive correlation between CXCR4 and nongerminal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype and mTOR expression. Meanwhile, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that high CXCR4 mRNA level was correlated to double-hit DLBCL. Finally, cell viability test showed that WZ811 exerted antiproliferation effect in DLBCL cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion CXCR4 was upregulated in ABC-DLBCL associated with worse prognosis. Our analysis predicted CXCR4 as a potential target for DLBCL treatment, which may serve as an inhibitor both on BCR signaling and nuclear export warranting further investigation in clinical trials.
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Bu Q, Liu S, Wang Z, Zou J, Wang P, Cao H, Li D, Cao B, An X, Song Y, Li G. PITX2 regulates steroidogenesis in granulosa cells of dairy goat by the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 321-322:114027. [PMID: 35300988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2), a major driver of multiple tissue development, is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in organisms. However, it is unknown if PITX2 regulates goat granulosa cell (GC) steroidogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the role and mechanism of PITX2 in GC steroidogenesis. In our study, PITX2 significantly facilitated the secretion level of estrogen and progesterone through increasing CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and STAR mRNA and protein expressions in GCs. Furthermore, PITX2 participated in the WNT pathway, enhancing the production of E2 and P4 in GCs. PITX2 in GCs increased the DVL-1 and CTNNB1 expression, involved in the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway related to steroidogenesis. Moreover, GC steroidogenesis-related gene translation was decreased by CTNNB1-siRNA but enhanced when transfected with PITX2. PITX2 regulates secretion of E2 and P4 from GCs via the WNT/β-catenin pathway and alters GC proliferation and steroidogenesis. These findings will help understand the role of PITX2 in goat ovarian follicular development and oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Bu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhanhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jiahao Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peijie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Heran Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Dexian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Binyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Guang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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GBA1-dependent membrane glucosylceramide reprogramming promotes liver cancer metastasis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:508. [PMID: 35637196 PMCID: PMC9151913 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) reprogramming on liver cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the protein expression of GBA1, which catalyses the conversion of GlcCer to ceramide, was downregulated in liver cancer tissue. A clinical relevance analysis revealed that low expression of GBA1 was associated with the metastatic potential of liver cancer cells. Furthermore, loss- and gain-of-function studies confirmed that low expression of GBA1 promoted metastasis of liver cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that low expression of GBA1 enhanced the metastatic ability of liver cancer by promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which Wnt signalling pathway is involved. In the plasma membrane (PM), GBA1-dependent GlcCer reprogramming increased LRP6 location in the PM leading to an interaction between GlcCer and LRP6, subsequently promoting LRP6 phosphorylation at Ser1490, and finally activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first time to be found that GlcCer interacted with a protein. In addition, the results of mass spectrometry indicated that GlcCer d18:1/18:0 was the most notably increased studied species in the PM when GBA1 was downregulated, suggesting that GlcCer d18:1/18:0 may be the major functional lipid that promotes GBA1-dependent liver cancer metastasis. Thus, GBA1-mediated GlcCer reprogramming in the PM promotes metastasis of liver cancer via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, upregulation of GBA1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat liver cancer metastasis.
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Simpson JD, Ray A, Koehler M, Mohammed D, Alsteens D. Atomic force microscopy applied to interrogate nanoscale cellular chemistry and supramolecular bond dynamics for biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5072-5087. [PMID: 35315846 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07200e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding biological interactions at a molecular level grants valuable information relevant to improving medical treatments and outcomes. Among the suite of technologies available, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is unique in its ability to quantitatively probe forces and receptor-ligand interactions in real-time. The ability to assess the formation of supramolecular bonds and intermediates in real-time on surfaces and living cells generates important information relevant to understanding biological phenomena. Combining AFM with fluorescence-based techniques allows for an unprecedented level of insight not only concerning the formation and rupture of bonds, but understanding medically relevant interactions at a molecular level. As the ability of AFM to probe cells and more complex models improves, being able to assess binding kinetics, chemical topographies, and garner spectroscopic information will likely become key to developing further improvements in fields such as cancer, nanomaterials, and virology. The rapid response to the COVID-19 crisis, producing information regarding not just receptor affinities, but also strain-dependent efficacy of neutralizing nanobodies, demonstrates just how viable and integral to the pre-clinical development of information AFM techniques are in this era of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Simpson
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Ankita Ray
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Melanie Koehler
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Danahe Mohammed
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
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Pham H, Singaram I, Sun J, Ralko A, Puckett M, Sharma A, Vrielink A, Cho W. Development of a novel spatiotemporal depletion system for cellular cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100178. [PMID: 35143844 PMCID: PMC8953671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes whose subcellular concentration and function are tightly regulated by de novo biosynthesis, transport, and storage. Although recent reports have suggested diverse functions of cellular cholesterol in different subcellular membranes, systematic investigation of its site-specific roles has been hampered by the lack of a methodology for spatiotemporal manipulation of cellular cholesterol levels. Here, we report the development of a new cholesterol depletion system that allows for spatiotemporal manipulation of intracellular cholesterol levels. This system utilizes a genetically encoded cholesterol oxidase whose intrinsic membrane binding activity is engineered in such a way that its membrane targeting can be controlled in a spatiotemporally specific manner via chemically induced dimerization. In combination with in situ quantitative imaging of cholesterol and signaling activity measurements, this system allows for unambiguous determination of site-specific functions of cholesterol in different membranes, including the plasma membrane and the lysosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Indira Singaram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arthur Ralko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madalyn Puckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alice Vrielink
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Wang X, Cai C, Liang Q, Xia M, Lai L, Wu X, Jiang X, Cheng H, Song Y, Zhou Q. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses of Stress-Induced Murine Hair Follicle Growth Inhibition. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:781619. [PMID: 35198601 PMCID: PMC8859263 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.781619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress plays an important role in hair loss, but the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood, and the effective therapies available to regrow hair are rare. In this study, we established a chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced hair growth inhibition mouse model and performed a comprehensive analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics. Metabolomics data analysis showed that the primary and secondary metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism were significantly altered in skin tissue of CRS group. Transcriptomics analysis also showed significant changes of genes expression profiles involved in regulation of metabolic processes including arachidonic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycolysis gluconeogenesis, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, purine metabolism, retinol metabolism and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analyses also found that numerous genes associated with metabolism were significantly changed, such as Hk-1, in CRS-induced hair growth inhibition. Overall, our study supplied new insights into the hair growth inhibition induced by CRS from the perspective of integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hair Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Qichang Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hair Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hair Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hair Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hair Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Cheng, ; Yinjing Song, ; Qiang Zhou,
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hair Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Cheng, ; Yinjing Song, ; Qiang Zhou,
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hair Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Cheng, ; Yinjing Song, ; Qiang Zhou,
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Awan Z, Al-Rayes N, Khan Z, Al Mansouri M, Ibrahim H. Bima A, Almukadi H, Ibrahim Kutbi H, Jayasheela Shetty P, Ahmad Shaik N, Banaganapalli B. Identifying Significant Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using Integrated Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3287-3299. [PMID: 35844366 PMCID: PMC9280244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic lipid disorder which promotes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Owing to the lack of sufficient published information, this study aims to identify the potential genetic biomarkers for FH by studying the global gene expression profile of blood cells. The microarray expression data of FH patients and controls was analyzed by different computational biology methods like differential expression analysis, protein network mapping, hub gene identification, functional enrichment of biological pathways, and immune cell restriction analysis. Our results showed the dysregulated expression of 115 genes connected to lipid homeostasis, immune responses, cell adhesion molecules, canonical Wnt signaling, mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways in FH patients. The findings from expanded protein interaction network construction with known FH genes and subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) annotations have also supported the above findings, in addition to identifying the involvement of dysregulated thyroid hormone and ErbB signaling pathways in FH patients. The genes like CSNK1A1, JAK3, PLCG2, RALA, and ZEB2 were found to be enriched under all GO annotation categories. The subsequent phenotype ontology results have revealed JAK3I, PLCG2, and ZEB2 as key hub genes contributing to the inflammation underlying cardiovascular and immune response related phenotypes. Immune cell restriction findings show that above three genes are highly expressed by T-follicular helper CD4+ T cells, naïve B cells, and monocytes, respectively. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis to understand the role of immune dysregulations underlying the atherosclerosis among FH patients but may also pave the way to develop genomic medicine for cardiovascular diseases.
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Ma L, Cho W, Nelson ER. Our evolving understanding of how 27-hydroxycholesterol influences cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 196:114621. [PMID: 34043965 PMCID: PMC8611110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of several cancers now, although the mechanisms by which it influences cancer biology are just emerging. Two likely contributing mechanisms are the ability for cholesterol to directly regulate signaling molecules within the membrane, and certain metabolites acting as signaling molecules. One such metabolite is the oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), which is a primary metabolite of cholesterol synthesized by the enzyme Cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1). Physiologically, 27HC is involved in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and contributes to cholesterol efflux through liver X receptor (LXR) and inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis through the insulin-induced proteins (INSIGs). 27HC is also a selective modulator of the estrogen receptors. An increasing number of studies have identified its importance in cancer progression of various origins, especially in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of 27HC targeting these two nuclear receptors and the subsequent contribution to cancer progression. We describe how 27HC promotes tumor growth directly through cancer-intrinsic factors, and indirectly through its immunomodulatory roles which lead to decreased immune surveillance and increased tumor invasion. This review underscores the importance of the cholesterol metabolic pathway in cancer progression and the potential therapeutic utility of targeting this metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Erik R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed: Erik R. Nelson. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 407 S Goodwin Ave (MC-114), Urbana, IL, 61801. Phone: 217-244-5477. Fax: 217-333-1133.
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Cho W, Ralko A, Sharma A. An In Situ Fluorescence Assay for Cholesterol Transporter Activity of the Patched. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2374:37-47. [PMID: 34562241 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1701-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We recently developed a simultaneous in situ quantitative imaging technique for cholesterol in both leaflets of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. This ratiometric fluorescence technique allows real-time monitoring of the cholesterol transporter activity of plasma membrane-resident proteins in living cells. When applied to the hedgehog signaling system, it enables direct quantitative measurement of the cholesterol transporter activity of Patched1 and the effect of the hedgehog ligand on this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Arthur Ralko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zhu Y, Gu L, Lin X, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhou X, Lu B, Lin X, Liu C, Prochownik EV, Li Y. Ceramide-mediated gut dysbiosis enhances cholesterol esterification and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 7:150607. [PMID: 34914638 PMCID: PMC8855812 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) severely threatens human health and life span. An effective therapeutic strategy has not been established because we do not clearly know its pathogenesis. Here, we report that ceramide and sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) have roles in both spontaneous and chemical-induced intestinal cancers. We first found that miRNA-148a deficiency dramatically increased mouse gut dysbiosis through upregulating ceramide synthase 5 (Cers5) expression, which promoted ceramide synthesis afterward. The newly generated ceramide further promoted both azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate–induced (AOM/DSS-induced) and ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis via increasing mouse gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, increased level of ceramide correlated with the significant enhancements of both β-catenin activity and colorectal tumorigenesis in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Next, we found a direct binding of β-catenin to SOAT1 promoter to activate transcriptional expression of SOAT1, which further induced cholesterol esterification and colorectal tumorigenesis. In human patients with CRC, the same CERS5/TLR4/β-catenin/SOAT1 axis was also found to be dysregulated. Finally, the SOAT1 inhibitor (avasimibe) showed significant levels of therapeutic effects on both AOM/DSS-induced and ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal cancer. Our study clarified that ceramide promoted CRC development through increasing gut dysbiosis, further resulting in the increase of cholesterol esterification in a SOAT1-dependent way. Treatment with avasimibe to specifically decrease cholesterol esterification could be considered as a clinical strategy for effective CRC therapy in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjun Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingrong Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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