1
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Zhao X, Zhou X, Xia Y, Xu Z, Song M, Wang Z, Guo Q, Jiang Z. Realizing the high loading amount of active Cu on Al 2O 3 to boost its CO catalytic oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:669-678. [PMID: 38901357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) by Cu/Al2O3 has garnered increasing interest in recent years due to its promising application prospects. Numerous investigations conducted on the Cu/Al2O3 system, but its catalytic performance for CO oxidation is still not as promising as that of precious metal catalysts. Increasing the loading amount of the active Cu on Al2O3 surface is a feasible method for improving its activity. However, with the increase of Cu loading, the agglomeration and enlargement of Cu particles is inevitable, which reduces the active Cu amount. Therefore, the utilization rate of Cu atoms is not high and the catalytic performance often can not further rise. Enhancing active Cu loading amount as high as possible is a prerequisite to further enlarge the activity of Cu/Al2O3 catalyst. Herein, self-synthesized Al2O3 nanofibers (Al2O3-nf) with high specific surface area and abundant penta-coordinated aluminum (AlV) are used as the support to maximize the Cu loading amount by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). And commercially available α-Al2O3 is used for comparative experiment. The high specific surface area could make Cu high dispersion on Al2O3, even at 20 wt% Cu loads, which is beneficial to high concentration load of active Cu. The catalytic activity of Cu/Al2O3-nf-CVD gradually increases with the increase of Cu loading from 2 wt% to 20 wt%, exhibiting a clear linear correlation with the surface content of Cu0 on the catalyst. Meanwhile, this result confirms that Cu0 plays a crucial role in CO oxidation of Cu/Al2O3. However, commercial α-Al2O3 reaches its highest activity when the Cu load is 5%, and then its activity begins to decrease due to the agglomeration of particles. Moreover, Cu/Al2O3-nf-CVD also exhibits remarkable thermal stability for CO oxidation. This work highlights a new strategy to synthesis of high Cu loading amount, high activity and thermostable Cu/Al2O3 catalyst for low-temperature oxidation of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingling Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yupei Xia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Mingjun Song
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China.
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 750021, China.
| | - Zaiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China.
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2
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Gashnikova D, Maurer F, Sauter E, Bernart S, Jelic J, Dolcet P, Maliakkal CB, Wang Y, Wöll C, Studt F, Kübel C, Casapu M, Grunwaldt JD. Highly Active Oxidation Catalysts through Confining Pd Clusters on CeO 2 Nano-Islands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408511. [PMID: 38877822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
CeO2-supported noble metal clusters are attractive catalytic materials for several applications. However, their atomic dispersion under oxidizing reaction conditions often leads to catalyst deactivation. In this study, the noble metal cluster formation threshold is rationally adjusted by using a mixed CeO2-Al2O3 support. The preferential location of Pd on CeO2 islands leads to a high local surface noble metal concentration and promotes the in situ formation of small Pd clusters at a rather low noble metal loading (0.5 wt %), which are shown to be the active species for CO conversion at low temperatures. As elucidated by complementary in situ/operando techniques, the spatial separation of CeO2 islands on Al2O3 confines the mobility of Pd, preventing the full redispersion or the formation of larger noble metal particles and maintaining a high CO oxidation activity at low temperatures. In a broader perspective, this approach to more efficiently use the noble metal can be transferred to further systems and reactions in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gashnikova
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Maurer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eric Sauter
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sarah Bernart
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paolo Dolcet
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Carina B Maliakkal
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and, Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and, Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Research, Technical University Darmstadt (TUDa), Peter-Grünberg-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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3
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Sebastian O, Al-Shaibani A, Taccardi N, Haumann M, Wasserscheid P. Kinetics of dehydrogenation of n-heptane over GaPt supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS). REACT CHEM ENG 2024; 9:1154-1163. [PMID: 38694426 PMCID: PMC11060413 DOI: 10.1039/d3re00490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The concept of Supported Catalytically Active Liquid Metal Solutions (SCALMS) was explored for the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-heptane. For this purpose, a GaPt on alumina (Ga84Pt/Al2O3) was compared with a Pt on alumina catalyst at different reaction temperatures and feed compositions. While the observed activation energies with both catalysts for the overall n-heptane depletion rate were similar with both catalysts, the SCALMS systems provides a lower activation energy for the desired dehydrogenation path and significantly higher activation energies for the undesired aromatization and cracking reaction. Thus, the SCALMS catalyst under investigation shows technically interesting features, in particular at high temperature operation. The partial pressure variation revealed an effective reaction order of around 0.7 for n-heptane for both catalysts, while the effective order for hydrogen was 0.35 for Pt/Al2O3 and almost zero for SCALMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Sebastian
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Asem Al-Shaibani
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marco Haumann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK 11) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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4
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Butburee T, Ponchai J, Khemthong P, Mano P, Chakthranont P, Youngjan S, Phanthasri J, Namuangruk S, Faungnawakij K, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang L. General Pyrolysis for High-Loading Transition Metal Single Atoms on 2D-Nitro-Oxygeneous Carbon as Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10227-10237. [PMID: 38367256 PMCID: PMC10910467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) possess the potential to involve the merits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts altogether and thus have gained considerable attention. However, the large-scale synthesis of SACs with rich isolate-metal sites by simple and low-cost strategies has remained challenging. In this work, we report a facile one-step pyrolysis that automatically produces SACs with high metal loading (5.2-15.9 wt %) supported on two-dimensional nitro-oxygenated carbon (M1-2D-NOC) without using any solvents and sacrificial templates. The method is also generic to various transition metals and can be scaled up to several grams based on the capacity of the containers and furnaces. The high density of active sites with N/O coordination geometry endows them with impressive catalytic activities and stability, as demonstrated in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). For example, Fe1-2D-NOC exhibits an onset potential of 0.985 V vs RHE, a half-wave potential of 0.826 V, and a Tafel slope of -40.860 mV/dec. Combining the theoretical and experimental studies, the high ORR activity could be attributed its unique FeO-N3O structure, which facilitates effective charge transfer between the surface and the intermediates along the reaction, and uniform dispersion of this active site on thin 2D nanocarbon supports that maximize the exposure to the reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teera Butburee
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 239, Zhangheng Rd., New Pudong District, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Jitprabhat Ponchai
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongtanawat Khemthong
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Poobodin Mano
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongkarn Chakthranont
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Saran Youngjan
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jakkapop Phanthasri
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kajornsak Faungnawakij
- National
Science and Technology Development Agency, National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Xingya Wang
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 239, Zhangheng Rd., New Pudong District, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 239, Zhangheng Rd., New Pudong District, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 239, Zhangheng Rd., New Pudong District, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
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5
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Wang L, Ma Z, Xue J, Yuan Z, Chen LW, Li S. Construction of a Metal-Silica Interface for Semihydrogenation of Alkynes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3452-3459. [PMID: 38315063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fabricating optimum surface structures represents an attractive approach for synthesizing supported catalysts with high activity and specific selectivity. New active sites could be flexibly constructed via the strong metal-support interaction under the redox condition. Herein, we demonstrated the formation of a new Rh-Si surface on a silica-modified carbon nanotube supported Rh catalyst under the high-temperature reduction condition as well as a thin amorphous silica coating layer and weak chemisorption toward the CO molecule. The electronic interactions between Rh and Si, along with the particular structure, guarantee desirable catalytic performance for the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene under mild conditions. This facile approach might be extensively used in constructing new active sites with robust activity and specific selectivity in diverse heterogeneous catalysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zequan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jia Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zaihao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lin-Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shuohao Li
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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6
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Han X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Wang K, Wang X, Li B, Tao Z, Song S, Zhang H. Boosting the catalytic performance of Al 2O 3-supported Pd catalysts by introducing CeO 2 promoters. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38258661 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining the stability of noble metals is the key to the long-term stability of supported catalysts. In response to the instability of noble metal species at high temperatures, we developed a synergistic strategy of dual oxide supports. By designing and constructing ceria components with small sizes, we have achieved unity in the ability of catalytic materials to supply oxygen and stabilize metal species. In this study, we prepared Al2O3-CeO2-Pd (AlCePd) catalysts containing trace amounts of Ce through the hydrolysis of cerium acetate, which achieved 100% CO conversion at 160 °C. More importantly, the activity remained at its initial 100% in the long-term durability testing, demonstrating the high stability of AlCePd. In contrast, the CO conversion of the CeO2-Pd (CePd) catalyst decreased from 100% to 54% within 3 h. Through comprehensive studies, we found that this excellent catalytic performance stems from the stabilizing effect of an alumina support and the possible reverse oxygen spillover effect of small-sized ceria components, where small-sized ceria components provide active oxygen for independent Pd species, making it possible for the CO adsorbed on Pd to react with this oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Li
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Tao
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Lu L, Sun M, Wu T, Lu Q, Chen B, Chan CH, Wong HH, Huang B. Progress on Single-Atom Photocatalysts for H 2 Generation: Material Design, Catalytic Mechanism, and Perspectives. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300430. [PMID: 37653620 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy utilization is of great significance to current challenges of the energy crisis and environmental pollution, which benefit the development of the global community to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Hydrogen energy is also treated as a good candidate for future energy supply since its combustion not only supplies high-density energy but also shows no pollution gas. In particular, photocatalytic water splitting has attracted increasing research as a promising method for H2 production. Recently, single-atom (SA) photocatalysts have been proposed as a potential solution to improve catalytic efficiency and lower the costs of photocatalytic water splitting for H2 generation. Owing to the maximized atom utilization rate, abundant surface active sites, and tunable coordination environment, SA photocatalysts have achieved significant progress. This review reviews developments of advanced SA photocatalysts for H2 generation regarding the different support materials. The recent progress of titanium dioxide, metal-organic frameworks, two-dimensional carbon materials, and red phosphorus supported SA photocatalysts are carefully discussed. In particular, the material designs, reaction mechanisms, modulation strategies, and perspectives are highlighted for realizing improved solar-to-energy efficiency and H2 generation rate. This work will supply significant references for future design and synthesis of advanced SA photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qiuyang Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Cheuk Hei Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hon Ho Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Centre for Carbon-Strategic Catalysis (RC-CSC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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8
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Mhamane NB, Panchal S, Kolekar SK, Ranjan R, Salgaonkar KN, Burange AS, Nalajala N, Datar S, Gopinath CS. Possible handle for broadening the catalysis regime towards low temperatures: proof of concept and mechanistic studies with CO oxidation on surface modified Pd-TiO 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22040-22054. [PMID: 37555468 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the effect of temperature-dependent surface modification (SM) treatment and its influence in broadening the catalysis regime with Pd-TiO2 catalysts prepared by various methods. Due to SM induced changes, a shift in the onset of CO oxidation activity as well as broadening of the oxidation catalysis regime by 30 to 65 K to lower temperatures is observed compared to the temperature required for virgin counterparts. SM carried out at 523 K for PdPhoto-TiO2 exhibits the lowest onset (10% CO2 production - T10) and T100 for CO oxidation at 360 and 392 K, respectively, while its virgin counterpart shows T10 and T100 at 393 and 433 K, respectively. The SMd Pd-TiO2 catalysts were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is observed that diffusion of atomic oxygen into Pd-subsurfaces leads to SM and changes the nature of the surface significantly. These changes are demonstrated by work function (ϕ), surface potential, catalytic activity, and correlation among them. UPS results demonstrate the maximum increase in ϕ by 0.5 eV for PdPhoto-TiO2 after SM, compared to all other catalysts. XPS study shows a moderate to severe change in the oxidation states of Pd due to atomic oxygen diffusion into the subsurface layers of Pd. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) study also reveals corroborating evidence that the surface potential increases linearly with increasing temperature deployed for SM up to 523 K, followed by a marginal decrease at 573 K. The ϕ measured by KPFM and UPS shows a similar trend and correlates well with the changes in catalysis observed. Our results indicate that there is a strong correlation between surface physical and chemical properties, and ϕ changes could be considered as a global marker for chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin B Mhamane
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Suresh Panchal
- Department of Applied Physics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (Deemed University), Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
| | - Sadhu K Kolekar
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Kranti N Salgaonkar
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Anand S Burange
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
- Department of Chemistry, John Wilson Education Society's Wilson College (Autonomous), Chowpatty, Mumbai, 400 007, India
| | - Naresh Nalajala
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
| | - Suwarna Datar
- Department of Applied Physics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (Deemed University), Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
| | - Chinnakonda S Gopinath
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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9
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Yao X, Halpren E, Liu YZ, Shan CH, Chen ZW, Chen LX, Singh CV. Intrinsic and external active sites of single-atom catalysts. iScience 2023; 26:107275. [PMID: 37496678 PMCID: PMC10366547 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Active components with suitable supports are the common paradigm for industrial catalysis, and the catalytic activity usually increases with minimizing the active component size, generating a new frontier in catalysis, single-atom catalysts (SACs). However, further improvement of SACs activity is limited by the relatively low loading of single atoms (SAs, which are heteroatoms for most SACs, i.e., external active sites) because of the highly favorable aggregation of single heteroatoms during preparation. Research interest should be shifted to investigate SACs with intrinsic SAs, which could circumvent the aggregation of external SAs and consequently increase the SAs loading while maintaining them individual to further improve the activity. In this review, SACs with external or intrinsic SAs are discussed and, at last, the perspectives and challenges for obtaining high-loading SACs with intrinsic SAs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Ethan Halpren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Ye Zhou Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Chung Hsuan Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Zhi Wen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Li Xin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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10
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Muravev V, Parastaev A, van den Bosch Y, Ligt B, Claes N, Bals S, Kosinov N, Hensen EJM. Size of cerium dioxide support nanocrystals dictates reactivity of highly dispersed palladium catalysts. Science 2023; 380:1174-1179. [PMID: 37319196 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf9082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts can be tuned by modulation of the size and structure of supported transition metals, which are typically regarded as the active sites. In single-atom metal catalysts, the support itself can strongly affect the catalytic properties. Here, we demonstrate that the size of cerium dioxide (CeO2) support governs the reactivity of atomically dispersed palladium (Pd) in carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. Catalysts with small CeO2 nanocrystals (~4 nanometers) exhibit unusually high activity in a CO-rich reaction feed, whereas catalysts with medium-size CeO2 (~8 nanometers) are preferred for lean conditions. Detailed spectroscopic investigations reveal support size-dependent redox properties of the Pd-CeO2 interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Muravev
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Parastaev
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Yannis van den Bosch
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Bianca Ligt
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Claes
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Kosinov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Emiel J M Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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11
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He Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Kong W, Ren S, Liang Y, Tang M, Zhou S, Dong Y. The Enhancement of CO Oxidation Performance and Stability in SO 2 and H 2S Environment on Pd-Au/FeO X/Al 2O 3 Catalysts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103755. [PMID: 37241390 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless, and toxic gas. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of CO causes poisoning and even death; therefore, CO removal is particularly important. Current research has focused on the efficient and rapid removal of CO via low-temperature (ambient) catalytic oxidation. Gold nanoparticles are widely used catalysts for the high-efficiency removal of high concentrations of CO at ambient temperature. However, easy poisoning and inactivation due to the presence of SO2 and H2S affect its activity and practical application. In this study, a bimetallic catalyst, Pd-Au/FeOx/Al2O3, with a Au:Pd ratio of 2:1 (wt%) was formed by adding Pd nanoparticles to a highly active Au/FeOx/Al2O3 catalyst. Its analysis and characterisation proved that it has improved catalytic activity for CO oxidation and excellent stability. A total conversion of 2500 ppm of CO at -30 °C was achieved. Furthermore, at ambient temperature and a volume space velocity of 13,000 h-1, 20,000 ppm CO was fully converted and maintained for 132 min. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in situ FTIR analysis revealed that Pd-Au/FeOx/Al2O3 exhibited stronger resistance to SO2 and H2S adsorption than the Au/FeOx/Al2O3 catalyst. This study provides a reference for the practical application of a CO catalyst with high performance and high environmental stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong He
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yimeng Liu
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanshan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Liang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhou
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanchun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Li Z, Hong R, Zhang Z, Wang H, Wu X, Wu Z. Single-Atom Catalysts in Environmental Engineering: Progress, Outlook and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093865. [PMID: 37175275 PMCID: PMC10180131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted wide attention in the field of environmental engineering. Compared with their nanoparticle counterparts, SACs possess high atomic efficiency, unique catalytic activity, and selectivity. This review summarizes recent studies on the environmental remediation applications of SACs in (1) gaseous: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) treatment, NOx reduction, CO2 reduction, and CO oxidation; (2) aqueous: Fenton-like advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), hydrodehalogenation, and nitrate/nitrite reduction. We present the treatment activities and reaction mechanisms of various SACs and propose challenges and future opportunities. We believe that this review will provide constructive inspiration and direction for future SAC research in environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongrong Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Shi W, Xu G, Han X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Xue S, Sun N, Shi X, Yu Y, He H. Nano-sized alumina supported palladium catalysts for methane combustion with excellent thermal stability. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:333-347. [PMID: 36503761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pd/Al2O3 catalysts supported on Al2O3 of different particle sizes were synthesized and applied in methane combustion. These catalysts were systematically characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), O2-temperature-programmed oxidation (O2-TPO), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The characterization results indicated that nano-sized Al2O3 enabled the uniform dispersion of palladium nanoparticles, thus contributing to the excellent catalytic performance of these nano-sized Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. Among them, Pd/Al2O3-nano-10 (Pd/Al2O3 supported by alumina with an average particle size of 10 nm) showed superior catalytic activity and stability for methane oxidation under harsh practical conditions. It maintained excellent catalytic performance for methane oxidation for 50 hr and remained stable even after harsh hydrothermal aging in 10 vol.% steam at 800°C for 16 hr. Characterization results revealed that the strong metal-support interactions and physical barriers provided by Al2O3-nano-10 suppressed the coalescence ripening of palladium species, and thus contributed to the superior sintering resistance of the Pd/Al2O3-nano-10 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangyan Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xuewang Han
- Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Sen Xue
- Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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14
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Kumari S, Sautet P. Elucidation of the Active Site for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on a Single Pt Atom Supported on Indium Tin Oxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2635-2643. [PMID: 36888963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted attention for their high catalytic activity and selectivity, but the nature of their active sites under realistic reaction conditions, involving various ligands, is not well-understood. In this study, we use density functional theory calculations and grand canonical basin hopping to theoretically investigate the active site for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on a single Pt atom supported on indium tin oxide, including the influence of the electrochemical potential. We show that the ligands on the Pt atom change from Pt-OH in the absence of electrochemical potential to PtO(OH)4 in electrochemical conditions. This change of the chemical state of Pt is associated with a decrease of 0.3 V for the OER overpotential. This highlights the importance of accurately identifying the nature of the active site under reaction conditions and the impact of adsorbates on the electrocatalytic activity. This theoretical investigation enhances our understanding of SACs for the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kumari
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
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15
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Yin H, de Groot JG, Brune H. Highly Ordered and Thermally Stable FeRh Cluster Superlattice on Graphene for Low-Temperature Catalytic CO Oxidation. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200648. [PMID: 36380531 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on bimetallic FeRh clusters with a narrow size-distribution grown on graphene on Ir(111) as a carbon-supported model catalyst to promote low-temperature catalytic CO oxidation. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy with catalytic performance measurements, we reveal that Fe-Rh interfaces are active sites for oxygen activation and CO oxidation, especially at low temperatures. Rh core Fe shell clusters not only provide the active sites for the reaction, but also thermally stabilize surface Fe atoms towards coarsening compared with pure Fe clusters. Alternate isotope-labelled CO/O2 pulse experiments show opposite trends on preferential oxidation (PROX) performance because of surface hydroxyl species formation and competitive adsorption between CO and O2 . The present results introduce a general strategy to stabilize metallic clusters and to reveal the reaction mechanisms on bimetallic structures for low-temperature catalytic CO oxidation as well as preferential oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Guillaume de Groot
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Takabayashi A, Kishimoto F, Tsuchiya H, Mikami H, Takanabe K. Photocatalytic formation of a gas permeable layer selectively deposited on supported metal nanoparticles for sintering-resistant thermal catalysis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1124-1132. [PMID: 36798490 PMCID: PMC9926894 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle aggregation of supported metal catalysts at high temperatures is a serious problem that causes a drop in catalytic performance. This study investigates the protection of metal nanoparticles from sintering by selectively forming nanoscale SiO2 shells on Pd supported on TiO2 by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The proton-coupled reduction reaction increases the local pH around Pd nanoparticles, resulting in hydrolysis of tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) in only the vicinity of the metal. An apparent quantum efficiency of only 0.6% is obtained for the Pd/TiO2 catalyst in H2 evolution from ethanol-containing water under 370 nm excitation light. Therefore, the pH of raw slurry solution should be precisely controlled to that slightly below the threshold value for the TEOS hydrolysis reaction before the photodeposition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) clearly show that the particle size of the Pd nanoparticles (∼40 nm) with the SiO2 shell (∼20 nm) was almost unchanged by the high-temperature treatment at 900 °C in air, suggesting that the SiO2 shell prevented thermal aggregation of Pd nanoparticles. The Pd/TiO2 without SiO2 shell decoration exhibited a drop in the number of active sites, which was likely due to aggregation of the Pd catalysts. However, the number of active sites on the Pd@SiO2/TiO2 catalyst was maintained even after the catalyst was calcined at 900 °C. Consequently, the Pd@SiO2/TiO2 catalyst maintained its catalytic performance for simulated exhaust gas purification even after treatment at 900 °C. This study presents a methodology to produce sintering-tolerant supported metal nanoparticles using the photocatalytic gas permeable layer fabrication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Takabayashi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Fuminao Kishimoto
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuchiya
- Honda R&D Co., Ltd. 4630 Shimotakanezawa Haga-machi, Hagagun Tochigi 321-3393 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mikami
- Honda R&D Co., Ltd. 4630 Shimotakanezawa Haga-machi, Hagagun Tochigi 321-3393 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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17
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Li XN, He SG. Gas-phase reactions driven by polarized metal-metal bonding in atomic clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4444-4459. [PMID: 36723009 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic catalysts exhibit great potential in the activation and catalytic transformation of small molecules. The polarized metal-metal bonds have been gradually recognized to account for the reactivity of multimetallic catalysts due to the synergistic effect of different metal centers. Gas-phase reactions on atomic clusters that compositionally resemble the active sites on related condensed-phase catalysts provide a widely accepted strategy to clarify the nature of polarized metal-metal bonds and the mechanistic details of elementary steps involved in the catalysis driven by this unique chemical bonding. This perspective review concerns the progress in the fundamental understanding of industrially and environmentally important reactions that are closely related to the polarized metal-metal bonds in clusters at a strictly molecular level. The following topics have been summarized and discussed: (1) catalytic CO oxidation with O2, H2O, and NO as oxidants (2) and the activation of other inert molecules (e.g., CH4, CO2, and N2) mediated with clusters featuring polarized metal-metal bonding. It turns out that the findings in the gas phase parallel the catalytic behaviors of condensed-phase catalysts and the knowledge can prove to be essential in inspiring future design of promising catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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Ding C, Gu Q, Yu LJ, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Meng Y, Zhang H, Wang T, Wang J, Ma L, Li G, Yang B, Zhang T. Reversible Transformation and Distribution Determination of Diverse Pt Single-Atom Species. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2523-2531. [PMID: 36657107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In single-atom catalysts (SACs), the complexity of the support anchoring sites creates a vast diversity of single-atom species with varied coordination environments. To date, the quantitative distribution of these diverse single-atom species in a given SAC has remained elusive. Recently, CeO2-supported metal SACs have been extensively studied by modulating their local environments via numerous synthetic strategies. However, owing to the absence of a quantitative description, unraveling the site-specific reactivity and regulating their transformation remain challenging. Here, we show that two distinct Pt/CeO2 SACs can be reversibly generated by oxidative and nonoxidative dispersions, which contain varied Pt1On-Ceδ+ single-atom species despite similar Pt charge states and coordination numbers. By means of Raman spectroscopy and computational studies, we semiquantitatively reveal the distribution of diverse Pt1On-Ceδ+ species in each specific SACs. Remarkably, the minority species of Pt1O4-Ce3+-Ov accounting for only 14.2% affords the highest site-specific reactivity for low-temperature CO oxidation among the other abundant counterparts, i.e., Pt1O4-Ce4+ and Pt1O6-Ce4+. The second nearest oxygen vacancy (Ov) not only acts synergistically with the nearby active metal sites to lower the reaction barrier but also facilitates the dynamic transformation from six-coordinated to four-coordinated sites during cyclic nonoxidative and oxidative dispersions. This work elucidates the quantitative distribution and dynamic transformation of varied single-atom species in a given SAC, offering a more intrinsic descriptor and quantitative measure to depict the inhomogeneity of SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmin Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia
| | - Shaocheng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Zili Ma
- Shanxi Supercomputing Center, 033000 Lvliang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Hengxuan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Lichao Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Gangsen Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
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19
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Uppuluri R, Hwang S, Maheshwari S, Zhao P, Gray JL, Rosas AS, Yennawar HP, Fan X, Janik MJ, Mallouk TE. Stabilization of Dinuclear Rhodium and Iridium Clusters on Layered Titanate and Niobate Supports. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1113-1121. [PMID: 36351259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed organometallic clusters can provide well-defined nuclearity of active sites for both fundamental studies as well as new regimes of activity and selectivity in chemical transformations. More recently, dinuclear clusters adsorbed onto solid surfaces have shown novel catalytic properties resulting from the synergistic effect of two metal centers to anchor different reactant species. Difficulty in synthesizing, stabilizing, and characterizing isolated atoms and clusters without agglomeration challenges allocating catalytic performance to atomic structure. Here, we explore the stability of dinuclear rhodium and iridium clusters adsorbed onto layered titanate and niobate supports using molecular precursors. Both systems maintain their nuclearity when characterized using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Statistical analysis of HAADF-STEM images revealed that rhodium and iridium dimers had mean cluster-to-cluster distances very similar to what is expected from a random distribution of atoms over a large area, indicating that they are dispersed without aggregation. The stability of dinuclear rhodium clusters supported on titanate nanosheets was also investigated by X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), DRIFTS, and first-principles calculations. Both X-ray absorption spectroscopy and HAADF-STEM simulations, guided by density functional theory (DFT)-optimized structure models, suggested that rhodium dimers adsorb onto the nanosheets in an end-on binding mode that is stable up to 100 °C under reducing conditions. This study highlights that crystalline nanosheets derived from layered metal oxides can be used as model supports to selectively stabilize dinuclear clusters, which could have implications for heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Uppuluri
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Sharad Maheshwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Jennifer L Gray
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Alyssa S Rosas
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Hemant P Yennawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Michael J Janik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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20
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Zhang B, Zhou J, Sun Z. New horizons of MBenes: highly active catalysts for the CO oxidation reaction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:483-489. [PMID: 36519284 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The search for materials with high intrinsic carbon monoxide oxidation reaction (COOR) catalytic activity is critical for enhancing the efficiency of reducing CO contamination. COOR catalysts, however, have long relied heavily on noble metals and CeO2. Herein, in order to search for non-noble COOR catalysts that are more active than CeO2, 18 oxygen-functionalized MBenes with orthorhombic and hexagonal crystal structures, denoted as orth-M2B2O2 and hex-M2B2O2 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W), were investigated in terms of their COOR catalytic activity by high-throughput first-principles calculations. Hex-Mo2B2O2, orth-Mo2B2O2, hex-V2B2O2 and hex-Cr2B2O2 were found to be more active than CeO2 and possess structural stability below 1000 K, showing the potential to replace CeO2 as the substrates of COOR catalysts. Moreover, orth-Mo2B2O2, hex-V2B2O2 and hex-Cr2B2O2 exhibit even higher COOR catalytic activity than Pt-CeO2 and Au-CeO2, and are expected to be applied as COOR catalysts directly. Further investigations showed that the formation energy of oxygen vacancies could be used as the descriptor of COOR catalytic activity, which would help to reduce the amount of calculations significantly during the catalyst screening process. This work not only reports a series of 2D materials with high COOR catalytic activity and opens up a new application area for MBenes, but also provides a reliable strategy for highly efficient screening for COOR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Center for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Center for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhimei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Center for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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21
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Ye YL, Pan KY, Wang WL, Ni BL, Sun WM. On the Catalytic Performance of (ZrO) n (n=1-4) Clusters for CO Oxidation: A DFT Study. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200776. [PMID: 36593177 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristic of superatoms to show chemical properties like those of individual atoms opens a new avenue towards replacing noble metals as catalysts. Given the similar electronic structures of the ZrO superatom and the Pd atom, the CO oxidation mechanisms catalysed by (ZrO)n (n=1-4) clusters were investigated in detail to evaluate their catalytic performance. Our results reveal that a single ZrO superatom exhibits superior catalytic ability in CO oxidation than both larger (ZrO)n (n=2-4) clusters and a Pd atom, indicating the promising potential of ZrO as a "single-superatom catalyst". Moreover, the mechanism of CO oxidation catalysed by ZrO+/- suggests that depositing a ZrO superatom onto the electron-rich substrates is a better choice for practical catalysis application. Accordingly, a graphene nanosheet (coronene) was chosen as a representative substrate for ZrO and Pd to assess their catalytic performances in CO oxidation. Acting as an "electron sponge", this carbon substrate can both donate and accept charges in different reaction steps, enabling the supported ZrO to achieve enhanced catalytic performance in this process with a low energy barrier of 19.63 kcal/mol. This paper presents a new realization on the catalytic performance of Pd-like superatom in CO oxidation, which could increase the interests in exploring noble metal-like superatoms as efficient catalysts for various reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Ye
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yun Pan
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lu Wang
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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22
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Fan J, Chen L, Li S, Mou J, Zeng L, Jiao Y, Wang J, Chen Y. Insights into the promotional effect of alkaline earth metals in Pt-based three-way catalysts for NO reduction. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Jing W, Shen H, Qin R, Wu Q, Liu K, Zheng N. Surface and Interface Coordination Chemistry Learned from Model Heterogeneous Metal Nanocatalysts: From Atomically Dispersed Catalysts to Atomically Precise Clusters. Chem Rev 2022; 123:5948-6002. [PMID: 36574336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The surface and interface coordination structures of heterogeneous metal catalysts are crucial to their catalytic performance. However, the complicated surface and interface structures of heterogeneous catalysts make it challenging to identify the molecular-level structure of their active sites and thus precisely control their performance. To address this challenge, atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) and ligand-protected atomically precise metal clusters (APMCs) have been emerging as two important classes of model heterogeneous catalysts in recent years, helping to build bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This review illustrates how the surface and interface coordination chemistry of these two types of model catalysts determines the catalytic performance from multiple dimensions. The section of ADMCs starts with the local coordination structure of metal sites at the metal-support interface, and then focuses on the effects of coordinating atoms, including their basicity and hardness/softness. Studies are also summarized to discuss the cooperativity achieved by dual metal sites and remote effects. In the section of APMCs, the roles of surface ligands and supports in determining the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of APMCs are illustrated. Finally, some personal perspectives on the further development of surface coordination and interface chemistry for model heterogeneous metal catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruixuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kunlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361102, China
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24
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Sarma BB, Maurer F, Doronkin DE, Grunwaldt JD. Design of Single-Atom Catalysts and Tracking Their Fate Using Operando and Advanced X-ray Spectroscopic Tools. Chem Rev 2022; 123:379-444. [PMID: 36418229 PMCID: PMC9837826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The potential of operando X-ray techniques for following the structure, fate, and active site of single-atom catalysts (SACs) is highlighted with emphasis on a synergetic approach of both topics. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and related X-ray techniques have become fascinating tools to characterize solids and they can be applied to almost all the transition metals deriving information about the symmetry, oxidation state, local coordination, and many more structural and electronic properties. SACs, a newly coined concept, recently gained much attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. In this way, one can achieve a minimum use of the metal, theoretically highest efficiency, and the design of only one active site-so-called single site catalysts. While single sites are not easy to characterize especially under operating conditions, XAS as local probe together with complementary methods (infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy) is ideal in this research area to prove the structure of these sites and the dynamic changes during reaction. In this review, starting from their fundamentals, various techniques related to conventional XAS and X-ray photon in/out techniques applied to single sites are discussed with detailed mechanistic and in situ/operando studies. We systematically summarize the design strategies of SACs and outline their exploration with XAS supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and recent machine learning tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut Bikash Sarma
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany,Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | - Florian Maurer
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany,Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany,Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany,
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25
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Cai T, Teng Z, Wen Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Fu X, Song L, Li M, Lv J, Zeng Q. Single-atom site catalysts for environmental remediation: Recent advances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129772. [PMID: 35988491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom site catalysts (SACs) can maximize the utilization of active metal species and provide an attractive way to regulate the activity and selectivity of catalytic reactions. The adjustable coordination configuration and atomic structure of SACs enable them to be an ideal candidate for revealing reaction mechanisms in various catalytic processes. The minimum use of metals and relatively tight anchoring of the metal atoms significantly reduce leaching and environmental risks. Additionally, the unique physicochemical properties of single atom sites endow SACs with superior activity in various catalytic processes for environmental remediation (ER). Generally, SACs are burgeoning and promising materials in the application of ER. However, a systematic and critical review on the mechanism and broad application of SACs-based ER is lacking. Herein, we review emerging studies applying SACs for different ERs, such as eliminating organic pollutants in water, removing volatile organic compounds, purifying automobile exhaust, and others (hydrodefluorination and disinfection). We have summarized the synthesis, characterization, reaction mechanism and structural-function relationship of SACs in ER. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of SACs for ER are also analyzed. We expect that this review can provide constructive inspiration for discoveries and applications of SACs in environmental catalysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cai
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhenzhen Teng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanjun Wen
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Huayang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xijun Fu
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lu Song
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mi Li
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Junwen Lv
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qingyi Zeng
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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26
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Ma R, Gao J, Kou J, Dean DP, Breckner CJ, Liang K, Zhou B, Miller JT, Zou G. Insights into the Nature of Selective Nickel Sites on Ni/Al 2O 3 Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou515031, China
| | - Junxian Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Jiajing Kou
- College of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao066000, China
| | - David P. Dean
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Christian J. Breckner
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Kaijun Liang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou515031, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou515031, China
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Guojun Zou
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou515031, China
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27
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Fan M, Cui L, He X, Zou X. Emerging Heterogeneous Supports for Efficient Electrocatalysis. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200855. [PMID: 36070422 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis plays a fundamental role in many fields, such as metallurgy, medicine, chemical industry, and energy conversion. Anchoring active electrocatalysts with controllable loading and uniform dispersion onto suitable supports has become an attractive topic. This is because the supports can not only have the potential to improve catalytic activity and stability through the interaction between support and catalytic center, but also can reduce precious metal consumption by improving atomic utilization. Herein, recent theoretical and experimental progresses concerning the development of supports to anchor electrocatalytic materials are first reviewed. Next, their controllable syntheses, characterization techniques, metal-support electronic interactions, and structure-performance relationships are presented. Some representative carbon supports and non-carbonaceous supports, as well as recently reported star supports such as 2D supports, single atom catalysts, and self-supported catalysts are also summarized. In addition, the significant role of support in stabilizing and regulating catalytic active sites is particularly emphasized. Finally, challenges, opportunities, key problems, and further promising solutions for supported catalysts are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lili Cui
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xingquan He
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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28
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Liang X, Fu N, Yao S, Li Z, Li Y. The Progress and Outlook of Metal Single-Atom-Site Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18155-18174. [PMID: 36175359 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-atom-site catalysts (SASCs) featuring maximized atom utilization and isolated active sites have progressed tremendously in recent years as a highly prosperous branch of catalysis research. Varieties of SASCs have been developed that show excellent performance in many catalytic applications. The major goal of SASC research is to establish feasible synthetic strategies for the preparation of high-performance catalysts, to achieve an in-depth understanding of the active-site structures and catalytic mechanisms, and to develop practical catalysts with industrial value. This Perspective describes the up-to-date development of SASCs and related catalysts, such as dual-atom-site catalysts (DASCs) and nano-single-atom-site catalysts (NSASCs), analyzes the current challenges encountered by these catalysts for industrial applications, and proposes their possible future development path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ninghua Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuangchao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
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29
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Zhao H, Zhu Y, Ye H, He Y, Li H, Sun Y, Yang F, Wang R. Atomic-Scale Structure Dynamics of Nanocrystals Revealed By In Situ and Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206911. [PMID: 36153832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are of great importance in material sciences and industry. Engineering nanocrystals with desired structures and properties is no doubt one of the most important challenges in the field, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics of nanocrystals during the process. The rapid developments of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), especially environmental TEM, reveal insights into nanocrystals to digest. According to the considerable progress based on in situ electron microscopy, a comprehensive review on nanocrystal dynamics from three aspects: nucleation and growth, structure evolution, and dynamics in reaction conditions are given. In the nucleation and growth part, existing nucleation theories and growth pathways are organized based on liquid and gas-solid phases. In the structure evolution part, the focus is on in-depth mechanistic understanding of the evolution, including defects, phase, and disorder/order transitions. In the part of dynamics in reaction conditions, solid-solid and gas-solid interfaces of nanocrystals in atmosphere are discussed and the structure-property relationship is correlated. Even though impressive progress is made, additional efforts are required to develop the integrated and operando TEM methodologies for unveiling nanocrystal dynamics with high spatial, energy, and temporal resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huanyu Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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30
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Han W, Yang J, Jiang B, Wang X, Wang C, Guo L, Sun Y, Liu F, Sun P, Lu G. Conductometric ppb-Level CO Sensors Based on In 2O 3 Nanofibers Co-Modified with Au and Pd Species. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3267. [PMID: 36234395 PMCID: PMC9565841 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most toxic gases to human life. Therefore, the effective monitoring of it down to ppb level is of great significance. Herein, a series of In2O3 nanofibers modified with Au or Pd species or simultaneous Au and Pd species have been prepared by electrospinning combined with a calcination process. The as-obtained samples are applied for the detection of CO. Gas-sensing investigations indicate that 2 at% Au and 2 at% Pd-co-modified In2O3 nanofibers exhibit the highest response (21.7) to 100 ppm CO at 180 °C, and the response value is ~8.5 times higher than that of pure In2O3 nanofibers. More importantly, the detection limit to CO is about 200 ppb with a response value of 1.23, and is obviously lower than that (6 ppm) of pure In2O3 nanofibers. In addition, the sensor also shows good stability within 19 days. These demonstrate that co-modifying In2O3 nanofibers with suitable amounts of Pd and Au species might be a meaningful strategy for the development of high-performance carbon monoxide gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lanlan Guo
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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31
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Fu W, Wan J, Zhang H, Li J, Chen W, Li Y, Guo Z, Wang Y. Photoinduced loading of electron-rich Cu single atoms by moderate coordination for hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5496. [PMID: 36127356 PMCID: PMC9489781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts offer maximal atom utilization efficiencies and high-electronegativity heteroatoms play a crucial role in coordinating reactive single metal atoms to prevent agglomeration. However, these strong coordination bonds withdraw electron density for coordinated metal atoms and consequently affect their catalytic activity. Herein we reveal the high loading (11.3 wt%) and stabilization of moderately coordinated Cu-P3 structure on black phosphorus support by a photochemical strategy with auxiliary hydrogen. Single-atom Cu sites with an exceptional electron-rich feature show the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\triangle {G}_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}*}$$\end{document}△GH* close to zero to favor catalysis. Neighboring Cu atoms work in synergy to lower the energy of key water adsorption and dissociation intermediates. The reported catalyst shows a low overpotential of only 41 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 53.4 mV dec−1 for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, surpassing both isolated Cu single atoms and Cu nanoclusters. The promising materials design strategy sheds light on the design and fabrication of high-loading single metal atoms and the role of neighboring single atoms for enhanced reaction kinetics. While atomically dispersed metals can maximize reaction catalytic sites, it is challenging to achieve high atomic densities without agglomeration. Here, authors prepared Cu single-atoms on black phosphorous using a photochemical strategy and auxiliary H2 as proton reduction electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fu
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China
| | - Jin Wan
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- The school of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, China
| | - Weigen Chen
- The school of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China. .,The school of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, China.
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32
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Eid K, Sliem MH, Al-Ejji M, Abdullah AM, Harfouche M, Varma RS. Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nitride-Crumpled Nanosheet-Embedded Copper Single Atoms: An Efficient Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40749-40760. [PMID: 36037411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of metal single-site embedded porous graphitic carbon nitride (P-g-C3N4) nanostructures exploiting maximum atom utilization is warranted to enhance the thermal CO oxidation (COOx) reaction. Herein, a facile, green, one-pot, and template-free approach is developed to fabricate the hierarchical porous P-g-C3N4-crumpled ultrathin nanosheets atomically doped with copper single atoms (Cu-P-g-C3N4). Mechanistically, the quick protonation of melamine and pyridine under acidic conditions induces deamination to form melem, which is polycondensed under heating. The interconnected pores, high surface area (240 m2g-1), and maximized exposed isolated Cu atomic active sites (1.8 wt %) coordinated with nitrogen atom P-g-C3N4 are the salient features of Cu- P-g-C3N4 that endowed complete conversion to CO2 at 184 °C. In contrast, P-g-C3N4 only converted 3.8% of CO even at 350 °C, implying the electronic effect of Cu single atoms. The abundant Cu-nitrogen moieties can drastically weaken the binding affinity of the CO-oxidation (COOx) intermediates and products, thus accelerating the reaction kinetics at a low temperature. This study may promote the fabrication of P-g-C3N4 doped with various single atoms for the oxidation of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mostafa H Sliem
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Maryam Al-Ejji
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Messaoud Harfouche
- SESAME Synchrotron, King Hussein Bin Talal St / Box 7, Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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33
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Chen Y, Lin J, Jia B, Wang X, Jiang S, Ma T. Isolating Single and Few Atoms for Enhanced Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201796. [PMID: 35577552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts have triggered great interest in the field of catalysis owing to their unique features. Isolated single or few metal atoms can be anchored on substrates via chemical bonding or space confinement to maximize atom utilization efficiency. The key challenge lies in precisely regulating the geometric and electronic structure of the active metal centers, thus significantly influencing the catalytic properties. Although several reviews have been published on the preparation, characterization, and application of single-atom catalysts (SACs), the comprehensive understanding of SACs, dual-atom catalysts (DACs), and atomic clusters has never been systematically summarized. Here, recent advances in the engineering of local environments of state-of-the-art SACs, DACs, and atomic clusters for enhanced catalytic performance are highlighted. Firstly, various synthesis approaches for SACs, DACs, and atomic clusters are presented. Then, special attention is focused on the elucidation of local environments in terms of electronic state and coordination structure. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of isolated single and few atoms for the applications of thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis is provided. Finally, the potential challenges and future opportunities in this emerging field are presented. This review will pave the way to regulate the microenvironment of the active site for boosting catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jian Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuaiyu Jiang
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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34
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Ling Y, Ge H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Liang M, Guo Y, Wu T, Soo Y, Yin X, Ding L, Wang L. General Strategy toward Hydrophilic Single Atom Catalysts for Efficient Selective Hydrogenation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202144. [PMID: 35798309 PMCID: PMC9443439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Well dispersible and stable single atom catalysts (SACs) with hydrophilic features are highly desirable for selective hydrogenation reactions in hydrophilic solvents towards important chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates. A general strategy is reported for the fabrication of hydrophilic SACs by cation-exchange approach. The cation-exchange between metal ions (M = Ni, Fe, Co, Cu) and Na+ ions introduced in the skeleton of metal oxide (TiO2 or ZrO2 ) nanoshells plays the key role in forming M1 /TiO2 and M1 /ZrO2 SACs, which efficiently prevents the aggregation of the exchanged metal ions. The as-obtained SACs are highly dispersible and stable in hydrophilic solvents including alcohol and water, which greatly facilitates the catalysis reaction in alcohol. The Ni1 /TiO2 SACs have been successfully utilized as catalysts for the selective C=C hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to produce phenylpropanal with 98% conversion, over 90% selectivity, good recyclability, and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 102 h-1 , overwhelming most reported catalysts including noble metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringInnovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Handong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringInnovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringInnovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Yunxia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringInnovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Minghui Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Tai‐Sing Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu30076Taiwan
| | - Yun‐Liang Soo
- Department of PhysicsNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Xiong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringInnovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Liming Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringInnovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
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35
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Deng B, Advincula PA, Luong DX, Zhou J, Zhang B, Wang Z, McHugh EA, Chen J, Carter RA, Kittrell C, Lou J, Zhao Y, Yakobson BI, Zhao Y, Tour JM. High-surface-area corundum nanoparticles by resistive hotspot-induced phase transformation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5027. [PMID: 36028480 PMCID: PMC9418197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-surface-area α-Al2O3 nanoparticles are used in high-strength ceramics and stable catalyst supports. The production of α-Al2O3 by phase transformation from γ-Al2O3 is hampered by a high activation energy barrier, which usually requires extended high-temperature annealing (~1500 K, > 10 h) and suffers from aggregation. Here, we report the synthesis of dehydrated α-Al2O3 nanoparticles (phase purity ~100%, particle size ~23 nm, surface area ~65 m2 g-1) by a pulsed direct current Joule heating of γ-Al2O3. The phase transformation is completed at a reduced bulk temperature and duration (~573 K, < 1 s) via an intermediate δ'-Al2O3 phase. Numerical simulations reveal the resistive hotspot-induced local heating in the pulsed current process enables the rapid transformation. Theoretical calculations show the topotactic transition (from γ- to δ'- to α-Al2O3) is driven by their surface energy differences. The α-Al2O3 nanoparticles are sintered to nanograined ceramics with hardness superior to commercial alumina and approaching that of sapphire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Paul A Advincula
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Duy Xuan Luong
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jingan Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Emily A McHugh
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jinhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Robert A Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Carter Kittrell
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yuji Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Corban University, 5000 Deer Park Drive SE, Salem, OR, 97317, USA.
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,NanoCarbon Center and the Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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36
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Zhang Z, He G, Li Y, Zhang C, Ma J, He H. Effect of Hydroxyl Groups on Metal Anchoring and Formaldehyde Oxidation Performance of Pt/Al 2O 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10916-10924. [PMID: 35770877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pt/Al2O3 catalysts showing excellent activity and stability have been used in various reactions, including HCHO oxidation. Herein, we prepared Pt-Na/Al2O3 catalysts with a Pt content of 0.05 wt % to reveal the key factors determining the anchoring of Pt as well as the catalytic activity and mechanism of HCHO oxidation. Pt-Na/nano-Al2O3 (denoted as Pt-Na/nAl2O3) catalysts with 0.05 wt % Pt content could completely oxidize HCHO to CO2 at room temperature, which is the lowest Pt content used in HCHO catalytic oxidation to our knowledge. After Na addition, terminal hydroxyl groups (denoted as HO-μter) on nano-Al2O3 were transformed to doubly bridging hydroxyl groups between Na and Al (denoted as HO-μbri(Na-Al)), which atomically dispersed Pt species. Pt anchoring further promoted the regeneration of HO-μbri(Na-Al) by activating O2 and H2O, oxidizing HCHO to CO2 directly by the fast reaction step ([HCOO-] + [OH]a → CO2 + H2O). Our study revealed that the HO-μbri(Na-Al) synergistically generated by HO-μter and Na species provided anchoring sites for Pt species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaobin Li
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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37
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Shi Y, Zhou Y, Lou Y, Chen Z, Xiong H, Zhu Y. Homogeneity of Supported Single-Atom Active Sites Boosting the Selective Catalytic Transformations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201520. [PMID: 35808964 PMCID: PMC9404403 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective conversion of specific functional groups to desired products is highly important but still challenging in industrial catalytic processes. The adsorption state of surface species is the key factor in modulating the conversion of functional groups, which is correspondingly determined by the uniformity of active sites. However, the non-identical number of metal atoms, geometric shape, and morphology of conventional nanometer-sized metal particles/clusters normally lead to the non-uniform active sites with diverse geometric configurations and local coordination environments, which causes the distinct adsorption states of surface species. Hence, it is highly desired to modulate the homogeneity of the active sites so that the catalytic transformations can be better confined to the desired direction. In this review, the construction strategies and characterization techniques of the uniform active sites that are atomically dispersed on various supports are examined. In particular, their unique behavior in boosting the catalytic performance in various chemical transformations is discussed, including selective hydrogenation, selective oxidation, Suzuki coupling, and other catalytic reactions. In addition, the dynamic evolution of the active sites under reaction conditions and the industrial utilization of the single-atom catalysts are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and frontiers are identified, and the perspectives on this flourishing field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
| | - Yang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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38
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Zhang L, Bao Q, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Wan S, Wang S, Lin J, Xiong H, Mei D, Wang Y. Distinct Role of Surface Hydroxyls in Single-Atom Pt 1/CeO 2 Catalyst for Room-Temperature Formaldehyde Oxidation: Acid-Base Versus Redox. JACS AU 2022; 2:1651-1660. [PMID: 35911462 PMCID: PMC9327081 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly efficient catalysts for room-temperature formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation is of great interest for indoor air purification. In this work, it was found that the single-atom Pt1/CeO2 catalyst exhibits a remarkable activity with complete removal of HCHO even at 288 K. Combining density functional theory calculations and in situ DRIFTS experiments, it was revealed that the active OlatticeH site generated on CeO2 in the vicinity of Pt2+ via steam treatment plays a key role in the oxidation of HCHO to formate and its further oxidation to CO2. Such involvement of hydroxyls is fundamentally different from that of cofeeding water which dissociates on metal oxide and catalyzes the acid-base-related chemistry. This study provides an important implication for the design and synthesis of supported Pt catalysts with atom efficiency for a very important practical application-room-temperature HCHO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qianqian Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bangjie Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanbao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shaolong Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingdong Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haifeng Xiong
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Donghai Mei
- State
Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Voiland
School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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39
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Li M, Huang Z, Wang L, Guo S, Fang J, Liu Y, Chen J, Wu X, Shen H, Zhao H, Jing G. Surface Dopants‐Induced Interfacial Bonding Greatly Enhances Active Phase‐Support Interaction of Sintering‐Resistant Catalyst for Automotive CO Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Li
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Lipeng Wang
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Sufeng Guo
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Jinxu Fang
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Junmou Chen
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Huazhen Shen
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Huawang Zhao
- Huaqiao University College of Chemical Engineering Department of Environmental Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Guohua Jing
- Huaqiao university Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Jimei Rouad 668 361021 Xiamen CHINA
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40
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Ren Z, Ruan L, Yin L, Akkiraju K, Giordano L, Liu Z, Li S, Ye Z, Li S, Yang H, Wang Y, Tian H, Liu G, Shao-Horn Y, Han G. Surface Oxygen Vacancies Confined by Ferroelectric Polarization for Tunable CO Oxidation Kinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202072. [PMID: 35580350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface oxygen vacancies have been widely discussed to be crucial for tailoring the activity of various chemical reactions from CO, NO, to water oxidation by using oxide-supported catalysts. However, the real role and potential function of surface oxygen vacancies in the reaction remains unclear because of their very short lifetime. Here, it is reported that surface oxygen vacancies can be well confined electrostatically for a polarization screening near the perimeter interface between Pt {111} nanocrystals and the negative polar surface (001) of ferroelectric PbTiO3. Strikingly, such a catalyst demonstrates a tunable catalytic CO oxidation kinetics from 200 °C to near room temperature by increasing the O2 gas pressure, accompanied by the conversion curve from a hysteresis-free loop to one with hysteresis. The combination of reaction kinetics, electronic energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicates that the oxygen vacancies stabilized by the negative polar surface are the active sites for O2 adsorption as a rate-determining step, and then dissociated O moves to the surface of the Pt nanocrystals for oxidizing adsorbed CO. The results open a new pathway for tunable catalytic activity of CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Luoyuan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lichang Yin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Karthik Akkiraju
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Livia Giordano
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhongran Liu
- Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zixing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Songda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - He Tian
- Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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41
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Muravev V, Simons JFM, Parastaev A, Verheijen MA, Struijs JJC, Kosinov N, Hensen EJM. Operando Spectroscopy Unveils the Catalytic Role of Different Palladium Oxidation States in CO Oxidation on Pd/CeO
2
Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200434. [PMID: 35303388 PMCID: PMC9325467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at knowledge‐driven design of novel metal–ceria catalysts for automotive exhaust abatement, current efforts mostly pertain to the synthesis and understanding of well‐defined systems. In contrast, technical catalysts are often heterogeneous in their metal speciation. Here, we unveiled rich structural dynamics of a conventional impregnated Pd/CeO2 catalyst during CO oxidation. In situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of metallic and oxidic Pd states during the reaction. Using transient operando infrared spectroscopy, we probed the nature and reactivity of the surface intermediates involved in CO oxidation. We found that while low‐temperature activity is associated with sub‐oxidized and interfacial Pd sites, the reaction at elevated temperatures involves metallic Pd. These results highlight the utility of the multi‐technique operando approach for establishing structure–activity relationships of technical catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Muravev
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme F. M. Simons
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Parastaev
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Verheijen
- Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Eurofins Material Science Netherlands BV 5656AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Job J. C. Struijs
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Nikolay Kosinov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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The effect of coordination environment on the activity and selectivity of single-atom catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Ji W, Meng Y, Fan X, Xiao X, Li F. Theoretical insights into the oxidation of elemental mercury by O 2 on graphene-based Pt single-atom catalysts. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134178. [PMID: 35240146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pt single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit good performance for oxygen activation, which plays a significant role in the oxidation of Hg0 by O2 in flue gas. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to reveal the interfacial behavior of Hg0, O2 and HgO on Pt SACs (single vacancy and 3 N doped defected graphene, Pt/SV-GN and Pt/3N-GN) and the mechanism of Hg0 oxidation by O2. The results show that the flue gas components are chemically adsorbed and bond with the Pt of the Pt SACs with adsorption energies ranging from -0.555 to -5.154 eV. Electronic structure analysis indicates that Hg0 is an electron donor and transfers 0.114-0.128 e- to the Pt SACs. Both O2 and HgO are electron acceptors and obtain 0.184-0.303 e- from the slabs. Pt/3N-GN has a higher activity than that of Pt/SV-GN for these three flue gas compositions. The significant charge transfer and orbital hybridization between the gas molecules and atomic catalysts lead to a strong interaction. Furthermore, the Pt-3C and Pt-3N states can increase the band gap compared with pristine graphene, corresponding to 0.195 and 0.129 eV, respectively. Narrow band gaps indicate easier electron excitation properties, which enhance the activity of the reaction. Through a transition states (TSs) search, the lower O2 dissociation barrier is found to correspond to the lower Hg0 oxidation barrier. Pt/3N-GN has higher catalytic oxidation performance for Hg0 in the presence of O2, with a rate determining reaction barrier of 2.016 eV. Compared to traditional selective catalytic reduction and Fe-based SACs, the Pt/3N-GN catalyst has a good oxidation reaction capability with a lower activation energy, indicating that it is a promising catalyst for the oxidation of Hg0 by O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ji
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China
| | - Xingjun Fan
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Xiuhua Xiao
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Feiyue Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Bengbu, 233400, China.
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44
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Liu H, Li Y, Djitcheu X, Liu L. Recent advances in single-atom catalysts for thermally driven reactions. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Wang YR, Zhuang Q, Cao R, Li Y, Gao FY, Li ZR, He Z, Shi L, Meng YF, Li X, Wang JL, Duan Y, Gao MR, Zheng X, Yu SH. Reduction-Controlled Atomic Migration for Single Atom Alloy Library. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4232-4239. [PMID: 35533211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Picturing the atomic migration pathways of catalysts in a reactive atmosphere is of central significance for uncovering the underlying catalytic mechanisms and directing the design of high-performance catalysts. Here, we describe a reduction-controlled atomic migration pathway that converts nanoparticles to single atom alloys (SAAs), which has remained synthetically challenging in prior attempts due to the elusive mechanism. We achieved this by thermally treating the noble-metal nanoparticles M (M = Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au) on metal oxide (CuO) supports with H2/Ar. Atomic-level characterization revealed such conversion as the synergistic consequence of noble metal-promoted H2 dissociation and concomitant CuO reduction. The observed atomic migration pathway offers an understanding of the dynamic mechanisms study of nanomaterials formation and catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhuang
- Division of Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Cao
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yue Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Rui Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Division of Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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46
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Zhang L, Ren X, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Pang R, Cui P, Jia Y, Li S, Zhang Z. Synergetic Charge Transfer and Spin Selection in CO Oxidation at Neighboring Magnetic Single-Atom Catalyst Sites. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3744-3750. [PMID: 35437988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the precise physical mechanism of interaction between an adsorbed species and a reactive site in heterogeneous catalysis is crucial for predictive design of highly efficient catalysts. Here, using first-principles calculations we identify that the two-dimensional ferromagnetic metal organic framework of Mn2C18H12 can serve as a highly efficient single-atom catalyst for spin-triplet O2 activation and CO oxidation. The underlying mechanism is via "concerted charge-spin catalysis", involving a delicate synergetic process of charge transfer, provided by the hosting Mn atom, and spin selection, preserved through active participation of its nearest neighboring Mn atoms for the crucial step of O2 activation. The synergetic mechanism is further found to be broadly applicable in O2 adsorption on magnetic X2C18H12 (X = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) with a well-defined linear scaling dependence between the chemical activity and spin excitation energy. The present findings provide new insights into chemical reactions wherein spin selection plays a vital role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xingju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yandi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ping Cui
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shunfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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47
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Okejiri F, Fan J, Huang Z, Siniard KM, Chi M, Polo-Garzon F, Yang Z, Dai S. Ultrasound-mediated synthesis of nanoporous fluorite-structured high-entropy oxides toward noble metal stabilization. iScience 2022; 25:104214. [PMID: 35494219 PMCID: PMC9048099 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are an emerging class of advanced ceramic materials capable of stabilizing ultrasmall nanoparticle catalysts. However, their fabrication still relies on high-temperature thermal treatment methodologies affording nonporous architectures. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of single-phase, fluorite-structured HEO nanocrystals via an ultrasound-mediated co-precipitation strategy under ambient conditions. Within 15 min of ultrasound exposure, high-quality fluorite-structured HEO (CeHfZrSnErOx) was generated as ultrasmall-sized particles with high surface area and high oxygen vacancy concentration. Taking advantage of these unique structural features, palladium was introduced and stabilized in the form of highly dispersed Pd nanoclusters within the CeHfZrSnErOx architecture. Neither phase segregation of the CeHfZrSnErOx support nor Pd sintering was observed under thermal treatment up to 900°C. The as-afforded Pd/CeHfZrSnErOx catalyst exhibits good catalytic performance toward CO oxidation, outperforming Pd/CeO2 of the same Pd loading, which highlights the inherent advantage of CeHfZrSnErOx as carrier support over traditional oxides. Single-phase, fluorite-structured high-entropy oxides nanocrystals was synthesized An ultrasound-mediated co-precipitation strategy under ambient conditions was used CeHfZrSnErOx exhibited high surface area and high oxygen vacancy concentration Pd nanoclusters within the CeHfZrSnErOx architecture can be stabilized
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48
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Reversely trapping atoms from a perovskite surface for high-performance and durable fuel cell cathodes. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Jia Y, Huang R, Qi R. Iron Single Atoms Anchored on Carbon Matrix/g-C3N4 Hybrid Supports by Single-Atom Migration-Trapping Based on MOF Pyrolysis. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091416. [PMID: 35564125 PMCID: PMC9104848 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous efforts have been devoted to realizing the high loading and full utilization of single-atom catalysts (SACs). As one of the representative methods, atom migration-trapping (AMT) is a top-down strategy that converts a certain volume of metal nanoparticles (NPs) or metal-based precursors into mobile metal species at high temperature, which can then be trapped by suitable supports. In this study, high-loading iron single atoms anchored onto carbon matrix/g-C3N4 hybrid supports were obtained through a single-atom migration-trapping method based on metal–organic framework (MOF) pyrolysis. It is confirmed, by high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), that the Fe(acac)3 precursor is reduced to Fe single atoms (SAs), which are not only anchored onto the original N-doped carbon (NC), but also onto g-C3N4, with an Fe-N coordination bond. Further electrochemical results reveal that Fe-C3N4-0.075 possesses a better half-wave potential of 0.846 V and onset potential of 0.96 V compared to Fe-N-C, the product obtained after pyrolysis of Fe(acac)3@ZIF-8. As opposed to SAs prepared by the pyrolysis process only, SAs prepared by AMT are commonly anchored onto the surface of the supports, which is a simple and effective way to make full use of the source metal and prepare SACs with higher exposing active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Jia
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (R.Q.)
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (R.Q.)
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50
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Qiao L, Zhou Z, Zeng Y, Zong S, Xu D, Yao Y. Evolution of Surface Structure on Pd–Cl/Alumina Catalyst During CO Purification Process. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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