1
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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhu L, Yu Y, Yang H, Zhang S, Hu Y, Huang S. Evolution of catalyst design for controlled synthesis of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6222-6238. [PMID: 38829610 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess superb properties originating from their unique chiral structures. However, accurately controlling the structure of SWCNTs remains challenging due to the structural similarities of their chiral structures, which hinders their widespread application in various fields, particularly in electronics. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to preparing single chiral SWCNTs by adopting three constructive strategies, including growth condition control for structurally unstable liquid catalysts, employing stable solid catalyst design, and pre-synthesis of carbon seeds with a well-defined shape. This review comprehensively discusses the state-of-the-art developments in these approaches as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, insights into the key challenges and future directions are provided for acquiring chirally pure SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China.
| | - Linxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China.
| | - Hongfeng Yang
- Beijing Auxin Chemical Technology Limited, Beijing 100040, P. R. China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China.
| | - Shaoming Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
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2
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Chen X, Duan H, Cao B. Evolution Mechanism of Solid-Phase Catalysts During Catalytic Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310543. [PMID: 38185805 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Using solid nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts is the most effective method to achieve catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with ultrapure chirality. Until now, SWCNTs with a suitable chirality purity have not been prepared in experiments. That is, the evolution of solid NPs during the catalytic growth of SWCNTs is in contradiction with the original concept of a changeless structure. Hence, in this work, the evolution mechanism of solid cobalt NPs during the nucleation process of SWCNTs is analyzed through molecular dynamics. Similar to the experimental observations, the results show that a drastic structural fluctuation of the NPs occurs during the nucleation of SWCNTs. This structural fluctuation is caused by the fact that the elastic strain energy and surface energy of the NPs can be tuned when a carbon gradient exists between the subsurface and interior of the NP. Furthermore, such a carbon gradient can be reduced by changing the carbon feeding rate. This work not only reveals the evolution mechanism of solid catalysts during the nucleation of SWCNTs but also provides prospects for realizing solid catalysts with a changeless structure by tuning the experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China
| | - Biaobing Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China
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3
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Yamanaka A, Jono R, Tejima S, Fujita JI. Molecular dynamics simulation of carbon nanotube growth under a tensile strain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5625. [PMID: 38454043 PMCID: PMC10920857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed molecular dynamics simulations of carbon nanotube (CNT) to elucidate the growth process in the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method (FCCVD). FCCVD has two features: a nanometer-sized cementite (Fe3 C) particle whose melting point is depressed because of the larger surface-to-volume ratio and tensile strain between the growing CNT and the catalyst. The simulations, including these effects, demonstrated that the number of 6-membered rings of the (6,4) chiral CNT constantly increased at a speed of 1 mm / s at 1273 K , whereas those of the armchair and zigzag CNTs were stopped in the simulations and only reached half of the numbers for chiral CNT. Both the temperature and CNT chirality significantly affected CNT growth under tensile strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yamanaka
- Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, 7F, Sumitomo-Hamamatsucho Building, 1-18-16, Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0013, Japan.
| | - Ryota Jono
- Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, 7F, Sumitomo-Hamamatsucho Building, 1-18-16, Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0013, Japan
| | - Syogo Tejima
- Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, 7F, Sumitomo-Hamamatsucho Building, 1-18-16, Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0013, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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4
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de Albornoz-Caratozzolo JM, Cervantes-Sodi F. Chiraltube, rolling 2D materials into chiral nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:79-91. [PMID: 38125603 PMCID: PMC10729892 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (NTs) are graphene sheets rolled into a 1D material, with a specific chirality that defines its structure and properties. Graphene has triggered the development of thousands of 2D materials, which in principle could also be rolled into 1D NTs. However, most of these NTs have not been proposed due to difficulties in the generation of atomic coordinates for chiral NTs from 2D materials with a non-hexagonal lattice or multi-layered materials. In this paper we present Chiraltube, an open-source Python code that allows the quick generation of a complete NT with any chirality from the unit cell of its original 2D material. We explain the inner workings of the code as well as the theoretical background on which it is built, generalizing concepts from the construction of chiral and achiral carbon NTs to work on any other 2D material. We show various examples of the resulting chiral NT structures built from phosphorene, MoS2 and Ti3C2, and present some analysis on the interatomic distortion in the outermost layers of these NTs, as well as the results of ab initio electronic structure calculations on a set of phosphorene NTs generated by the program, showing the immediate practicality and usefulness of the program. We also explore some limitations and details of the tool as well as further work to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M de Albornoz-Caratozzolo
- Universidad Iberoamericana, Physics and Mathematics Department Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880 Lomas de Santa Fe Ciudad de México Mexico +52 55 59504275
| | - Felipe Cervantes-Sodi
- Universidad Iberoamericana, Physics and Mathematics Department Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880 Lomas de Santa Fe Ciudad de México Mexico +52 55 59504275
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5
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Turaeva N, Kim Y, Kuljanishvili I. An extended model for chirality selection in single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3684-3690. [PMID: 37441250 PMCID: PMC10334385 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The chirality selective production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) continues to represent one of the most important technological challenges. In this study, an extended model which considers all steps of the SWCNT growth process, including adsorption, decomposition, diffusion, and incorporation, is applied, for the first time, to obtain chirality selection in the SWCNT populations. We show that the dependence of the population distribution on chirality, defined as a product of the nucleation probability and the growth rate, has a volcano-shape. The model is in good agreement with the reported experimental studies and supports the results which show the surplus of near armchair or near zigzag SWCNTs. The present work emphasizes the role of the catalyst in chirality selection via optimization of chemisorption strength between the carbon species and the catalyst surface needed to achieve stable nucleation and fast growth rates. The obtained results can be used in catalyst designs to define the pathways towards the growth of SWCNTs with specific chiralities exhibiting distinguished electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigora Turaeva
- Saint Louis University, Department of Physics 3511 Laclede Avenue St Louis MO 63103 USA
- Webster University, Department of Biological Sciences 470 East Lockwood Avenue St. Louis Missouri 63119 USA
| | - Yoosuk Kim
- Saint Louis University, Department of Physics 3511 Laclede Avenue St Louis MO 63103 USA
| | - Irma Kuljanishvili
- Saint Louis University, Department of Physics 3511 Laclede Avenue St Louis MO 63103 USA
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6
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Lei J, Bets KV, Penev ES, Yakobson BI. Floating Fe Catalyst Formation and Effects of Hydrogen Environment in the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4266-4272. [PMID: 37126735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon conversion to advanced carbon nanomaterials with concurrent hydrogen production holds promise for clean energy technologies. This has been largely enabled by the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), where commonly catalytic iron nanoparticles are formed from ferrocene decomposition. However, the catalyst formation mechanism and the effect of the chemical environment, especially hydrogen, remain elusive. Here, by employing atomistic simulations, we demonstrate how (i) hydrogen accelerates the ferrocene decomposition and (ii) prevents catalyst encapsulation. A subsequent catalytic dehydrogenation of methane on a liquid Fe nanoparticle showed that carbon dimers tend to be the dominant on-surface species. Such atomistic insights help us better understand the catalyst formation and CNT nucleation in the early stages of the FCCVD growth process and optimize it for potential scaleup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Lei
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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7
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Qin X, Li D, Feng L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Qian L, Zhao W, Xu N, Chi X, Wang S, He M. (n, m) Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown from a Non-Magnetic Palladium Catalyst. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062453. [PMID: 36985423 PMCID: PMC10051104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-magnetic metal nanoparticles have been previously applied for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, the activation mechanisms of non-magnetic metal catalysts and chirality distribution of synthesized SWNTs remain unclear. In this work, the activation mechanisms of non-magnetic metal palladium (Pd) particles supported by the magnesia carrier and thermodynamic stabilities of nucleated SWNTs with different (n, m) are evaluated by theoretical simulations. The electronic metal-support interaction between Pd and magnesia upshifts the d-band center of Pd, which promotes the chemisorption and dissociation of carbon precursor molecules on the Pd surface, making the activation of magnesia-supported non-magnetic Pd catalysts for SWNT growth possible. To verify the theoretical results, a porous magnesia supported Pd catalyst is developed for the bulk synthesis of SWNTs by chemical vapor deposition. The chirality distribution of Pd-grown SWNTs is understood by operating both Pd-SWNT interfacial formation energy and SWNT growth kinetics. This work not only helps to gain new insights into the activation of catalysts for growing SWNTs, but also extends the use of non-magnetic metal catalysts for bulk synthesis of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lihu Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Advanced Carbon Division, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liu Qian
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyue Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xinyan Chi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Maoshuai He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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8
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Liu D, Xiang K, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang T, Yang F, Du R, Qian J, Yang Z, Hu Y, Huang S. En Route to High-Density Chiral Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays using Solid Trojan Catalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205540. [PMID: 36461727 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid catalyst is widely recognized as an effective strategy to control the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, it is still not compatible with high density in horizontal arrays. "Trojan" catalysts strategy is one of the most effective methods to realize SWNTs with high density and has great potential in chirality control. Here, the co-realization of high density and chirality controlling for SWNTs in a low-temperature growth process is reported based on the developed solid "Trojan" catalyst. High temperature "Trojan" catalyst formation process provides sufficient catalyst number to acquire high density. These liquid "Trojan" catalysts are cooled to solid state by adopting low growth temperature (540 °C), which can be good template to realize the chirality controlling of SWNTs with exposing six-fold symmetry face, (111). Finally, (9, 6) and (13, 1) SWNTs enriched horizontal array with the purity of ≈90% and density of 4 tubes µm-1 is realized. The comparison between the distribution of initial catalysts and the density of as-grown tubes indicates no sacrificing on catalysts number to improve chirality selectivity. This work opens a new avenue on the catalyst's design and chirality controlling in SWNTs growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Application for Aerospace Green Propellants, Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology, Beijing, 100074, P. R. China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Taibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ran Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials of the Ministry of Education, Center for Intelligent Health Materials & Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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9
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Gao J, Jiang Y, Chen S, Yue H, Ren H, Zhu Z, Wei F. Molecular Evolutionary Growth of Ultralong Semiconducting Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2205025. [PMID: 36424168 PMCID: PMC9811487 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembling preparation accompanied with template auto-catalysis loop and the ability to gather energy, induces the appearance of chirality and entropy reduction in biotic systems. However, an abiotic system with biotic characteristics is of great significance but still missing. Here, it is demonstrated that the molecular evolution is characteristic of ultralong carbon nanotube preparation, revealing the advantage of chiral assembly through template auto-catalysis growth, stepwise-enriched chirality distribution with decreasing entropy, and environmental effects on the evolutionary growth. Specifically, the defective and metallic nanotubes perform inferiority to semiconducting counterparts, among of which the ones with double walls and specific chirality (n, m) are more predominant due to molecular coevolution. An explicit evolutionary trend for tailoring certain layer chirality is presented toward perfect near-(2n, n)-containing semiconducting double-walled nanotubes. These findings extend our conceptual understanding for the template auto-catalysis assembly of abiotic carbon nanotubes, and provide an inspiration for preparing chiral materials with kinetic stability by evolutionary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Sibo Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hongjie Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - He Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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10
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Chen Y, Lyu M, Zhang Z, Yang F, Li Y. Controlled Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Materials for Electronics. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1490-1505. [PMID: 36439305 PMCID: PMC9686200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are of particular interest as channel materials for field-effect transistors due to their unique structure and excellent properties. The controlled preparation of SWCNTs that meet the requirement of semiconducting and chiral purity, high density, and good alignment for high-performance electronics has become a key challenge in this field. In this Outlook, we outline the efforts in the preparation of SWCNTs for electronics from three main aspects, structure-controlled growth, selective sorting, and solution assembly, and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities. We expect that this Outlook can provide some ideas for addressing the existing challenges and inspire the development of SWCNT-based high-performance electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- PKU-HKUST
ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, People’s
Republic of China
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11
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Yakobson BI, Bets KV. Single-chirality nanotube synthesis by guided evolutionary selection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4627. [PMID: 36351010 PMCID: PMC9645705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bringing to fruition the tantalizing properties, foreseen since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, has been hindered by the challenge to produce a desired helical symmetry type, single chirality. Despite progress in postsynthesis separation or somewhat sporadic success in selective growth, obtaining one chiral type at will remains elusive. The kinetics analysis here shows how a local yet moving reaction zone (the gas feedstock or elevated temperature) can entice the tubes to follow, so that, remotely akin to proverbial Lamarck giraffes, only the fastest survive. Reversing the reaction to dissolution would further eliminate the too fast-reactive types so that a desired chirality is singled out in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris I. Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ksenia V. Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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12
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Qiu L, Ding F. Is the Carbon Nanotube-Catalyst Interface Clean during Growth? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204437. [PMID: 36220345 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Revealing a "true" picture of the carbon nanotube (CNT) growth front at the catalyst surface is critical to understanding the mechanism of CNT growth. If the CNT-catalyst interface is clean or messy, which will greatly affect the mechanism of controlled CNT growth, has never been properly solved either experimentally or theoretically. Here, this issue by ab initial calculation-based kinetic analysis and classical molecular dynamic (MD) simulations is revisited. It is found that the appearance of carbon chains at the CNT-catalyst interfaces or the "messy" interfaces in MD simulations is a consequence of the very short simulation time, and a "clean" CNT-catalyst interface will emerge if the simulation time is close to that in real experiments. This study reveals that, during real CNT experimental growth, a "clean" CNT-catalyst interface with zigzag, armchair, and/or kink sites dominates the growth kinetics, and therefore, the controllable CNT growth by tuning the CNT-catalyst interface is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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13
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Chen X, Duan H, Cao B, Sun Q, Yang W. The evolution mechanism of an FeMo alloy catalyst for growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25480-25486. [PMID: 36254663 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adding small fractions of Mo to Fe nanoparticles (NPs) can reduce the melting point of FeMo NPs to lower than that of Fe NPs to prolong the lifetime of the alloy catalyst which in turn promotes the quality of catalytically synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In this study, we reveal the mechanism of the above-mentioned abnormal melting behavior by employing molecular dynamics simulations. Our results indicate that the bond length between the Fe atoms and the number of bonds between the Mo atoms play an important role in reducing the melting point of the FeMo NPs. This study provides useful insight into the evolution mechanism of the alloy catalyst for the growth of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Biaobing Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Qihua Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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14
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Yang F, Zhao H, Li R, Liu Q, Zhang X, Bai X, Wang R, Li Y. Growth modes of single-walled carbon nanotubes on catalysts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0794. [PMID: 36240273 PMCID: PMC9565797 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth mechanism of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and achieving selective growth requires insights into the catalyst structure-function relationship. Using an in situ aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscope, we reveal the effects of the state and structure of catalysts on the growth modes of SWCNTs. SWCNTs grown from molten catalysts via a vapor-liquid-solid process generally present similar diameters to those of the catalysts, indicating a size correlation between nanotubes and catalysts. However, SWCNTs grown from solid catalysts via a vapor-solid-solid process always have smaller diameters than the catalysts, namely, an independent relationship between their sizes. The diameter distribution of SWCNTs grown from crystalline Co7W6, which has a unique atomic arrangement, is discrete. In contrast, nanotubes obtained from crystalline Co are randomly dispersed. The different growth modes are linked to the distinct chiral selectivity of SWCNTs grown on intermetallic and monometallic catalysts. These findings will enable rational design of catalysts for chirality-controlled SWCNTs growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haofei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruoming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qidong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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15
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Zhao H, Zhu Y, Ye H, He Y, Li H, Sun Y, Yang F, Wang R. Atomic-Scale Structure Dynamics of Nanocrystals Revealed By In Situ and Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206911. [PMID: 36153832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are of great importance in material sciences and industry. Engineering nanocrystals with desired structures and properties is no doubt one of the most important challenges in the field, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics of nanocrystals during the process. The rapid developments of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), especially environmental TEM, reveal insights into nanocrystals to digest. According to the considerable progress based on in situ electron microscopy, a comprehensive review on nanocrystal dynamics from three aspects: nucleation and growth, structure evolution, and dynamics in reaction conditions are given. In the nucleation and growth part, existing nucleation theories and growth pathways are organized based on liquid and gas-solid phases. In the structure evolution part, the focus is on in-depth mechanistic understanding of the evolution, including defects, phase, and disorder/order transitions. In the part of dynamics in reaction conditions, solid-solid and gas-solid interfaces of nanocrystals in atmosphere are discussed and the structure-property relationship is correlated. Even though impressive progress is made, additional efforts are required to develop the integrated and operando TEM methodologies for unveiling nanocrystal dynamics with high spatial, energy, and temporal resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huanyu Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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16
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Nishihara T, Takakura A, Matsui K, Itami K, Miyauchi Y. Statistical Verification of Anomaly in Chiral Angle Distribution of Air-Suspended Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5818-5824. [PMID: 35802861 PMCID: PMC9335874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have long attracted attention due to their distinct physical properties, depending on their chiral structures (chiralities). Clarifying their growth mechanism is important toward perfect chirality-controlled bulk synthesis. Although a correlation between the chirality distribution and the carbon atom configuration at an open tube edge has been predicted theoretically, lack of sufficient statistical data on metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs prohibited its verification. Here, we report statistical verification of the chirality distribution of 413 as-grown individual air-suspended SWCNTs with a length of over 20 μm using broadband Rayleigh spectroscopy. After excluding the impact of the difference in the number of possible SWCNT structures per chiral angle interval, the abundance profile with chiral angle exhibits an increasing trend with a distinct anomaly at a chiral angle of approximately 20°. These results are well explained considering the growth rate depending on armchair-shaped site configurations at the catalyst-nanotube interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nishihara
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Takakura
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsui
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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17
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Otsuka K, Ishimaru R, Kobayashi A, Inoue T, Xiang R, Chiashi S, Kato YK, Maruyama S. Universal Map of Gas-Dependent Kinetic Selectivity in Carbon Nanotube Growth. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5627-5635. [PMID: 35316012 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes have been a candidate for outperforming silicon in ultrascaled transistors, but the realization of nanotube-based integrated circuits requires dense arrays of purely semiconducting species. In order to directly grow such nanotube arrays on wafers, control over kinetics and thermodynamics in tube-catalyst systems plays a key role, and further progress requires a comprehensive understanding of seemingly contradictory reports on the growth kinetics. Here, we propose a universal kinetic model that decomposes the growth rates of nanotubes into the adsorption and removal of carbon atoms on the catalysts, and we provide its quantitative verification by ethanol-based isotope labeling experiments. While the removal of carbon from catalysts dominates the growth kinetics under a low supply of precursors, resulting in chirality-independent growth rates, our kinetic model and experiments demonstrate that chiral angle-dependent growth rates emerge when sufficient amounts of carbon and etching agents are cosupplied. The kinetic maps, as a product of generalizing the model, include five types of kinetic selectivity that emerge depending on the absolute quantities of gases with opposing effects. Our findings not only resolve discrepancies existing in the literature but also offer rational strategies to control the chirality, length, and density of nanotube arrays for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Otsuka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoya Ishimaru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akari Kobayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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18
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Ding LP, McLean B, Xu Z, Kong X, Hedman D, Qiu L, Page AJ, Ding F. Why Carbon Nanotubes Grow. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5606-5613. [PMID: 35297632 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite three decades of intense research efforts, the most fundamental question "why do carbon nanotubes grow?" remains unanswered. In fact, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) should not grow since the encapsulation of a catalyst with graphitic carbon is energetically more favorable than CNT growth in every aspect. Here, we answer this question using a theoretical model based on extensive first-principles and molecular dynamics calculations. We reveal a historically overlooked yet fundamental aspect of the CNT-catalyst interface, viz., that the interfacial energy of the CNT-catalyst edge is contact angle-dependent. The contact angle increases via graphitic cap lift-off, drastically decreasing the interfacial formation energy by up to 6-9 eV/nm, overcoming van der Waals cap-catalyst adhesion, and driving CNT growth. Mapping this remarkable and simple interplay allows us to understand, for the first time, why CNTs grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Optoelectronic Science & Technology, School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ben McLean
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziwei Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Hedman
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Qiu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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19
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Li X, Zhang F, Zhang L, Ji ZH, Zhao YM, Xu ZW, Wang Y, Hou PX, Tian M, Zhao HB, Jiang S, Ping LQ, Cheng HM, Liu C. Kinetics-Controlled Growth of Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes from CoRe x Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:232-240. [PMID: 34995440 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The controlled growth of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs) is very important for the fabrication of high-performance interconnecting wires, transparent conductive electrodes, light and conductive fibers, etc. However, it has been extremely difficult to synthesize m-SWCNTs due to their lower abundance and higher chemical reactivity than semiconducting SWCNTs (s-SWCNTs). Here, we report the kinetically controlled growth of m-SWCNTs by manipulating their binding energy with the catalyst and promoting their growth rate. We prepared CoRe4 nanoparticles with a hexagonal close-packed structure and an average size of ∼2.3 nm, which have a lower binding energy with m-SWCNTs than with s-SWCNTs. The selective growth of m-SWCNTs from the CoRe4 catalyst was achieved by using a low concentration of carbon source feed at a relative low temperature of 760 °C. The m-SWCNTs had a narrow diameter distribution of 1.1 ± 0.3 nm, and their content was over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hai Ji
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Min Tian
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Song Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Quan Ping
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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20
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Li X, Li B, Lei J, Bets KV, Sang X, Okogbue E, Liu Y, Unocic RR, Yakobson BI, Hone J, Harutyunyan AR. Nickel particle-enabled width-controlled growth of bilayer molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk1892. [PMID: 34890223 PMCID: PMC8664269 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit a variety of electronic behaviors depending on the number of layers and width. Therefore, developing facile methods for their controllable synthesis is of central importance. We found that nickel nanoparticles promote both heterogeneous nucleation of the first layer of molybdenum disulfide and simultaneously catalyzes homoepitaxial tip growth of a second layer via a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism, resulting in bilayer nanoribbons with width controlled by the nanoparticle diameter. Simulations further confirm the VLS growth mechanism toward nanoribbons and its orders of magnitude higher growth speed compared to the conventional noncatalytic growth of flakes. Width-dependent Coulomb blockade oscillation observed in the transfer characteristics of the nanoribbons at temperatures up to 60 K evidences the value of this proposed synthesis strategy for future nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufan Li
- Honda Research Institute USA Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | - Baichang Li
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Jincheng Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ksenia V. Bets
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xiahan Sang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Raymond R. Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Boris I. Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - James Hone
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
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21
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Pimonov V, Tran HN, Monniello L, Tahir S, Michel T, Podor R, Odorico M, Bichara C, Jourdain V. Dynamic Instability of Individual Carbon Nanotube Growth Revealed by In Situ Homodyne Polarization Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8495-8502. [PMID: 34596406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetic selectivity of carbon nanotube growth at the scale of individual nanotubes is essential for the development of high chiral selectivity growth methods. Here we demonstrate that homodyne polarization microscopy can be used for high-throughput imaging of long individual carbon nanotubes under real growth conditions (at ambient pressure, on a substrate) and with subsecond time resolution. Our in situ observations on hundreds of individual nanotubes reveal that about half of them grow at a constant rate all along their lifetime while the other half exhibits stochastic changes in growth rates and/or switches between growth, pause, and shrinkage. Statistical analysis shows that the growth rate of a given nanotube essentially varies between two values, with a similar average ratio (∼1.7) regardless of whether the rate change is accompanied by a change in chirality. These switches indicate that the nanotube edge or the catalyst nanoparticle fluctuates between different configurations during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Pimonov
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Huy-Nam Tran
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Léonard Monniello
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Saïd Tahir
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Michel
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Podor
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Michaël Odorico
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Jourdain
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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22
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Irita M, Yamamoto T, Homma Y. Chirality Distributions for Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Determined by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092309. [PMID: 34578625 PMCID: PMC8465080 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To realize single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) chiral selective growth, elucidating the mechanism of SWCNT chirality (n,m) selectivity is important. For this purpose, an accurate evaluation method for evaluating the chirality distribution of grown SWCNTs without post-growth processing or liquid-dispersion of SWCNTs is indispensable. Here, we used photoluminescence spectroscopy to directly measure the chirality distributions of individual semiconducting SWCNTs suspended on a pillar-patterned substrate. The number of chirality-assigned SWCNTs was up to 332 and 17 chirality types with the chiral angles ranging from 0° to 28.05° were detected. The growth yield of SWCNTs was confirmed to primarily depends on the chiral angle in accordance with the screw dislocation model. Furthermore, when higher-yield chiralities are selected, the chiral angle distribution with a peak corresponding to near-armchair SWCNTs is well fitted with a model that incorporates the thermodynamic effect at the SWCNT-catalyst interface into the kink growth-based kinetic model. Our quantitative and statistical data provide new insights into SWCNT growth mechanism as well as experimental confirmation of theoretical predictions.
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23
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Herrera-Carbajal A, Rodríguez-Lugo V, Hernández-Ávila J, Sánchez-Castillo A. A theoretical study on the electronic, structural and optical properties of armchair, zigzag and chiral silicon-germanium nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13075-13086. [PMID: 34042934 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have studied infinite size silicon-germanium alloy nanotubes of several types, armchair, zigzag and chiral, by theoretical analysis based on density functional theory as implemented in the SIESTA code, which utilizes a linear combination of atomic orbitals and a generalized gradient approximation proposed by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) for the exchange and correlation energy. The structures were relaxed until the atomic forces were less than 0.0001 eV Å-1. The electronic band structure, density of states and cohesive energy were then computed; the optical calculation was run in between 0 and 6 eV, with a broadening of 0.05 eV. The obtained results exhibit the deformation of the structure on the surface, which seems to be related to its stability. The armchair and zigzag tubes are direct band gap semiconductor materials, while chiral nanotubes shift from indirect to direct bandgap semiconductors, depending on their diameter size. Likewise, the bandgap depends on the diameter of the SiGe nanotubes (SiGeNTs). We have associated the absorption curves and the density of states through Van Hove singularities. In summary, our results on the structural and electronic properties of SiGeNTs elucidate their possible applications in thermoelectrics, photovoltaics and nanoelectronics, while the possibility of associating the absorption curves with the density of states provides a method of characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Herrera-Carbajal
- Area Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Ventura Rodríguez-Lugo
- Area Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Juan Hernández-Ávila
- Area Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Sánchez-Castillo
- Escuela Superior de Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Apan-Calpulalpan km 8, Apan, Hidalgo C.P 43920, Mexico.
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24
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Yang X, Zhao X, Liu T, Yang F. Precise Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and
One‐Dimensional
Hybrids from Templates
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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25
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Synthetic control over the binding configuration of luminescent sp 3-defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2119. [PMID: 33837208 PMCID: PMC8035247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with luminescent sp3-defects has created the potential to employ them as quantum-light sources in the near-infrared. For that, it is crucial to control their spectral diversity. The emission wavelength is determined by the binding configuration of the defects rather than the molecular structure of the attached groups. However, current functionalization methods produce a variety of binding configurations and thus emission wavelengths. We introduce a simple reaction protocol for the creation of only one type of luminescent defect in polymer-sorted (6,5) nanotubes, which is more red-shifted and exhibits longer photoluminescence lifetimes than the commonly obtained binding configurations. We demonstrate single-photon emission at room temperature and expand this functionalization to other polymer-wrapped nanotubes with emission further in the near-infrared. As the selectivity of the reaction with various aniline derivatives depends on the presence of an organic base we propose nucleophilic addition as the reaction mechanism. Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with luminescent sp3-defects generally produces a variety of binding configurations and emission wavelengths. The authors propose a base-mediated nucleophilic functionalization approach to selectively achieve configurations for E11* and E11*- or purely E11*- defect emission.
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26
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Gao J, Zhu Z, Shen B, Bai Y, Sun S, Wei F. Bandgap-Coupled Template Autocatalysis toward the Growth of High-Purity sp 2 Nanocarbons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003078. [PMID: 33854884 PMCID: PMC8025012 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extraordinary properties and great application potentials of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene fundamentally rely on their large-scale perfect sp2 structure. Particularly for high-end applications, ultralow defect density and ultrahigh selectivity are prerequisites, for which metal-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most promising approach. Due to their structure and peculiarity, CNTs and graphene can themselves provide growth templates and nonlocal dual conductance, serving as template autocatalysts with tunable bandgap during the CVD. However, current growth kinetics models all focus on the external factors and edges. Here, the growth kinetics of sp2 nanocarbons is elaborated from the perspective of template autocatalysis and holistic electronic structure. After reviewing current growth kinetics, various representative works involving CVD growth of different sp2 nanocarbons are analyzed, to reveal their bandgap-coupled kinetics and resulting selective synthesis. Recent progress is then reviewed, which has demonstrated the interlocking between the atomic assembly rate and bandgap of CNTs, with an explicit volcano dependence whose peak would be determined by the environment. In addition, the topological protection for perfect sp2 structure and the defect-induced perturbation for the interlocking are discussed. Finally, the prospects for the kinetic selective growth of perfect nanocarbons are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Boyuan Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yunxiang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Silei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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27
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Bets KV, Artyukhov VI, Yakobson BI. Kinetically Determined Shapes of Grain Boundaries in Graphene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4893-4900. [PMID: 33630566 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale chemical synthesis of graphene produces a polycrystalline material with grain boundaries (GBs) that disturb the lattice structure and drastically affect material properties. An uncontrollable formation of GB can be detrimental, yet precise GB engineering can impart added functionalities onto graphene-and its noncarbon two-dimensional "cousins." While the importance of growth kinetics in shaping single-crystalline graphene islands has lately been appreciated, kinetics' role in determining a GB structure remains unaddressed. Here we report on the analysis of the GB formation as captured by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations in contrast with global minimum guided GB structures considered previously. We identified a key parameter-edge misorientation angle-that describes the initial geometry of merging grains and unambiguously defines the resulting GB structure, while a commonly used lattice tilt angle corresponds to several qualitatively different GB structures. A provided systematic analysis of GB structures formed from a full range of edge misorientation angles reveals conditions that result in straight and periodic GBs as well as conditions responsible for meandering and disordered GBs. Additionally, we address the special case of translational GBs, where lattices of merging grains are aligned but shifted compared to each other. Collected data can be used for deliberate GB structural engineering, for example, by a three-dimensional patterning of the substrate surface to introduce disclinations creating a graphene lattice tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, Texas, United States
| | - Vasilii I Artyukhov
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, Texas, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, Texas, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston 77005, Texas, United States
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28
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Yang D, Li L, Wei X, Wang Y, Zhou W, Kataura H, Xie S, Liu H. Submilligram-scale separation of near-zigzag single-chirality carbon nanotubes by temperature controlling a binary surfactant system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabe0084. [PMID: 33597241 PMCID: PMC7888923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mass production of zigzag and near-zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), whether by growth or separation, remains a challenge, which hinders the disclosure of their previously unknown property and practical applications. Here, we report a method to separate SWCNTs by chiral angle through temperature control of a binary surfactant system of sodium cholate (SC) and SDS in gel chromatography. Eleven types of single-chirality SWCNT species with chiral angle less than 20° were efficiently separated including multiple zigzag and near-zigzag species. Among them, (7, 3), (8, 3), (8, 4), (9, 1), (9, 2), (10, 2), and (11, 1), were produced on the submilligram scale. The spectral detection results indicate that lowering the temperature induced selective adsorption and reorganization of the SC/SDS cosurfactants on SWCNTs with different chiral angles, amplifying their interaction difference with gel. We believe that this work is an important step toward industrial separation of single-chirality zigzag and near-zigzag SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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He M, Zhang S, Zhang J. Horizontal Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Controlled Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12592-12684. [PMID: 33064453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) emerge as a promising material to advance carbon nanoelectronics. However, synthesizing or assembling pure metallic/semiconducting SWNTs required for interconnects/integrated circuits, respectively, by a conventional chemical vapor deposition method or by an assembly technique remains challenging. Recent studies have shown significant scientific breakthroughs in controlled SWNT synthesis/assembly and applications in scaled field effect transistors, which are a critical component in functional nanodevices, thereby rendering the horizontal SWNT array an important candidate for innovating nanotechnology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the controlled synthesis, surface assembly, characterization techniques, and potential applications of horizontally aligned SWNT arrays. This review begins with the discussion of synthesis of horizontally aligned SWNTs with regulated direction, density, structure, and theoretical models applied to understand the growth results. Several traditional procedures applied for assembling SWNTs on target surface are also briefly discussed. It then discusses the techniques adopted to characterize SWNTs, ranging from electron/probe microscopy to various optical spectroscopy methods. Prototype applications based on the horizontally aligned SWNTs, such as interconnects, field effect transistors, integrated circuits, and even computers, are subsequently described. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and a brief outlook of the future development in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Precise Catalyst Production for Carbon Nanotube Synthesis with Targeted Structure Enrichment. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a narrow distribution of diameter or chirality remains elusive despite significant benefits in properties and applications. Nanoparticle catalysts are vital for SWCNT synthesis, but how to precisely manipulate their chemistry, size, concentration, and deposition remains difficult, especially within a continuous production process from the gas phase. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of W6Co7 alloyed nanoparticle catalysts with precisely tunable stoichiometry using electrospray, which remain solid state during SWCNT growth. We also demonstrate continuous production of liquid iron nanoparticles with in-line size selection. With the precise size manipulation of catalysts in the range of 1–5 nm, and a nearly monodisperse distribution (σg < 1.2), an excellent size selection of SWCNTs can be achieved. All of the presented techniques show great potential to facilitate the realization of single-chirality SWCNTs production.
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31
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Zhang X, Graves B, De Volder M, Yang W, Johnson T, Wen B, Su W, Nishida R, Xie S, Boies A. High-precision solid catalysts for investigation of carbon nanotube synthesis and structure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/40/eabb6010. [PMID: 32998901 PMCID: PMC7527216 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The direct growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with narrow chiral distribution remains elusive despite substantial benefits in properties and applications. Nanoparticle catalysts are vital for SWCNT and more generally nanomaterial synthesis, but understanding their effect is limited. Solid catalysts show promise in achieving chirality-controlled growth, but poor size control and synthesis efficiency hampers advancement. Here, we demonstrate the first synthesis of refractory metal nanoparticles (W, Mo, and Re) with near-monodisperse sizes. High concentrations (N = 105 to 107 cm-3) of nanoparticles (diameter 1 to 5 nm) are produced and reduced in a single process, enabling SWCNT synthesis with controlled chiral angles of 19° ± 5°, demonstrating abundance >93%. These results confirm the interface thermodynamics and kinetic growth theory mechanism, which has been extended here to include temporal dependence of fast-growing chiralities. The solid catalysts are further shown effective via floating catalyst growth, offering efficient production possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Brian Graves
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Michael De Volder
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
| | - Wenming Yang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tyler Johnson
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Wei Su
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 603, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Robert Nishida
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Sishen Xie
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 603, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Adam Boies
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
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32
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Carpena-Núñez J, Rao R, Kim D, Bets KV, Zakharov DN, Boscoboinik JA, Stach EA, Yakobson BI, Tsapatsis M, Stacchiola D, Maruyama B. Zeolite Nanosheets Stabilize Catalyst Particles to Promote the Growth of Thermodynamically Unfavorable, Small-Diameter Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002120. [PMID: 32812375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in the synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is the lack of control over the formation and evolution of catalyst nanoparticles and the lack of control over their size or chirality. Here, zeolite MFI nanosheets (MFI-Ns) are used to keep cobalt (Co) nanoparticles stable during prolonged annealing conditions. Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) shows that the MFI-Ns can influence the size and shape of nanoparticles via particle/support registry, which leads to the preferential docking of nanoparticles to four or fewer pores and to the regulation of the SWCNT synthesis products. The resulting SWCNT population exhibits a narrow diameter distribution and SWCNTs of nearly all chiral angles, including sub-nm zigzag (ZZ) and near-ZZ tubes. Theoretical simulations reveal that the growth of these unfavorable tubes from unsupported catalysts leads to the rapid encapsulation of catalyst nanoparticles bearing them; their presence in the growth products suggests that the MFI-Ns prevent nanoparticle encapsulation and prologue ZZ and near-ZZ SWCNT growth. These results thus present a path forward for controlling nanoparticle formation and evolution, for achieving size- and shape-selectivity at high temperature, and for controlling SWCNT synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Carpena-Núñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - J Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Applied Physics Laboratory, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MB, 20723, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Dario Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
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33
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Wang K, Bell BA, Solntsev AS, Neshev DN, Eggleton BJ, Sukhorukov AA. Multidimensional synthetic chiral-tube lattices via nonlinear frequency conversion. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:132. [PMID: 32704365 PMCID: PMC7371864 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Geometrical dimensionality plays a fundamentally important role in the topological effects arising in discrete lattices. Although direct experiments are limited by three spatial dimensions, the research topic of synthetic dimensions implemented by the frequency degree of freedom in photonics is rapidly advancing. The manipulation of light in these artificial lattices is typically realized through electro-optic modulation; yet, their operating bandwidth imposes practical constraints on the range of interactions between different frequency components. Here we propose and experimentally realize all-optical synthetic dimensions involving specially tailored simultaneous short- and long-range interactions between discrete spectral lines mediated by frequency conversion in a nonlinear waveguide. We realize triangular chiral-tube lattices in three-dimensional space and explore their four-dimensional generalization. We implement a synthetic gauge field with nonzero magnetic flux and observe the associated multidimensional dynamics of frequency combs, all within one physical spatial port. We anticipate that our method will provide a new means for the fundamental study of high-dimensional physics and act as an important step towards using topological effects in optical devices operating in the time and frequency domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Present Address: Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Bryn A. Bell
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Department of Physics, QOLS, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alexander S. Solntsev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Dragomir N. Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Eggleton
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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34
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Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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35
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Analytical modelling of single-walled carbon nanotube energies: the impact of curvature, length and temperature. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecent breakthroughs in the field of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth have been achieved by combining theoretical models with experiments. Theoretical models rely on accurate energies for SWCNTs, obtained via first principle calculations in the form of density functional theory (DFT). Such calculations are accurate, but time and resource intensive which limits the size and number of systems that can be studied. Here, we present a new analytical model consisting of three fundamental energy expressions, parametrized using DFT, for fast and accurate calculation of SWCNT energies at any temperature. Tests against previously published results show our model having excellent accuracy, with an root mean square error in total energies below 2 meV per atom as compared to DFT. We apply the model to study SWCNT growth on Ni catalysts at elevated temperatures by investigating the SWCNT/catalyst interface energy. Results show that the most stable interface shifts towards chiral edges as the temperature increases. The model’s ability to perform calculations at any temperature in combination with its speed and flexibility will allow researcher to study more and larger systems, aiding future research into SWCNT growth.
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36
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Qiu L, Ding F. Contact-Induced Phase Separation of Alloy Catalyst to Promote Carbon Nanotube Growth. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:256101. [PMID: 31922762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.256101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, using density functional theory based molecular dynamics simulations, we report that contact to a carbon nanotube (CNT) induces phase separation in an alloy catalyst, which promotes CNT growth. During growth of a CNT, the growth front tends to preferentially bond to the more active metal atom in the alloy catalyst, thus triggering a phase separation of the alloy catalyst particle. The accumulation of the active metal stabilizes the open end of the CNT, attracts carbon precursors to rapidly diffuse to the growth front, and avoids catalyst poisoning by preventing the encapsulation of the catalyst. This study resolves a long-term mystery surrounding the higher efficiency of alloy catalysts in CNT growth as compared to a pure metal catalyst and thereby paves the way to a more rational catalyst design for controlled CNT growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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37
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Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nano-I-Beam for Structural Nano-mechanics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18324. [PMID: 31797945 PMCID: PMC6893021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For years Carbon nano-tube has shown merits in industrial applications including high structural strength-to-weight ratio. However, from structural mechanics perspective the tube geometrical cross-section is less favored for providing high structural stiffness and strength. Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nano-I-Beam is thus introduced for improved Structural Nano-mechanics. It has been found that both Wide Flange Nano-I-Beam and Equal Flange & Web Nano-I-beam provide higher structural stiffness and less induced stress and thus longer service life than Nano-Tube. It has been also found that Wide Flange Nano-I-Beam provides higher structural stiffness and less induced stress and thus longer service life than Equal Flange & Web Nano-I-beam. A thermodynamic model of the growth of nano-tubes accounting for vibrational entropy is presented. The results have cost-effectively potential benefit in applications such as nano-heat engines & sensors.
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He M, Wang X, Zhang S, Jiang H, Cavalca F, Cui H, Wagner JB, Hansen TW, Kauppinen E, Zhang J, Ding F. Growth kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a (2 n, n) chirality selection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9668. [PMID: 31853492 PMCID: PMC6910834 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth kinetics play key roles in determining the chirality distribution of the grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). However, the lack of comprehensive understandings on the SWCNT's growth mechanism at the atomic scale greatly hinders SWCNT chirality-selective synthesis. Here, we establish a general model, where the dislocation theory is a specific case, to describe the etching agent-dependent growth kinetics of SWCNTs on solid catalyst particles. In particular, the growth kinetics of SWCNTs in the absence of etching agent is validated by both in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy and ex situ chemical vapor deposition growth of SWCNTs. On the basis of the new theory of SWCNT's growth kinetics, we successfully explained the selective growth of (2n, n) SWCNTs. This study provides another degree of freedom for SWCNT controlled synthesis and opens a new strategy to achieve chirality-selective synthesis of (2n, n) SWCNTs using solid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Corresponding author. (M.H.); (J.Z.); (F.D.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Filippo Cavalca
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas W. Hansen
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esko Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author. (M.H.); (J.Z.); (F.D.)
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (M.H.); (J.Z.); (F.D.)
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Zhang S, Lin D, Liu W, Yu Y, Zhang J. Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Different Chirality on Same Solid Cobalt Catalysts at Low Temperature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903896. [PMID: 31556483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, designing solid catalysts at high temperature is the main strategy to realize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with specific chirality, meaning it is very hard and challenging to create new catalysts or faces to fit new chirality. However, low temperatures make most catalysts solid, and developing solid catalysts at low temperature is desired to realize chirality control of SWNTs. A rational approach to grow SWNTs array with different chiralities on same solid Co catalysts at low temperature (650 °C) is herein put forward. Using solid Co catalysts, near-armchair (10, 9) tubes horizontal array with ≈75% selectivity and (12, 6) tubes array with ≈82% are realized by adopting a small amount of ethanol and large amount of CO respectively. (10, 9) tubes are enriched for thermodynamic stability and (12, 6) tubes for kinetics growth rate. Both kinds of tubes show a similar symmetry to the Co (1 1 1) face with threefold symmetry for the symmetry matching nucleation mechanism proposed earlier. This method provides a new strategy to study the nucleation mechanism and more possibilities for preparing new solid catalysts to control the structure of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dewu Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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40
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Rate-selected growth of ultrapure semiconducting carbon nanotube arrays. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4467. [PMID: 31578325 PMCID: PMC6775125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates for smart electronic devices. However, it is challenging to mediate their bandgap or chirality from a vapor-liquid-solid growth process. Here, we demonstrate rate-selected semiconducting CNT arrays based on interlocking between the atomic assembly rate and bandgap of CNTs. Rate analysis confirms the Schulz-Flory distribution which leads to various decay rates as length increases in metallic and semiconducting CNTs. Quantitatively, a nearly ten-fold faster decay rate of metallic CNTs leads to a spontaneous purification of the predicted 99.9999% semiconducting CNTs at a length of 154 mm, and the longest CNT can be 650 mm through an optimized reactor. Transistors fabricated on them deliver a high current of 14 μA μm−1 with on/off ratio around 108 and mobility over 4000 cm2 V−1 s−1. Our rate-selected strategy offers more freedom to control the CNT purity in-situ and offers a robust methodology to synthesize perfectly assembled nanotubes over a long scale. Carbon nanotubes are considered promising materials for microelectronics, but it is challenging to separate semiconducting tubes from their metallic counterparts. Here, the authors report a self-purification growth process that allows them to obtain long, highly pure semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
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Bets KV, Penev ES, Yakobson BI. Janus Segregation at the Carbon Nanotube-Catalyst Interface. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8836-8841. [PMID: 31323179 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contact between a carbon nanotube (CNT) edge and a catalyst is a curvilinear interface of fundamental and practical importance. Here, the first-principles evidence shows that on a rigid/solid catalyst the faceted CNT edge is significantly lower in energy compared to the minimal-length circle, with the interface energy difference decreasing on more compliant surfaces. This universal trend, found for typical monometallic (Ni, Co), bimetallic (Co7W6), and metal carbide (WC) catalysts, results in a peculiar edge segregation into one-dimensional Janus (armchair-zigzag) interface. Its lowered energy greatly enhances the nucleation probability of chiral tubes, dramatically affecting their growth kinetics. This offers a richer basis for understanding, modeling, and control of catalytic CNT synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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42
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Yoshikawa R, Hisama K, Ukai H, Takagi Y, Inoue T, Chiashi S, Maruyama S. Molecular Dynamics of Chirality Definable Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6506-6512. [PMID: 31117374 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve the chirality-specific growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), it is crucial to understand the growth mechanism. Even though many molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to analyze the SWCNT growth mechanism, it has been difficult to discuss the chirality determining kinetics because of the defects remaining on the SWCNTs grown in simulations. In this study, we demonstrate MD simulations of defect-free SWCNTs, that is, chirality definable SWCNTs, under the optimized carbon supply rate and temperature. The chiralities of the SWCNTs were assigned as (14,1), (15,2), and (9,0), indicating the preference of near-zigzag and pure-zigzag SWCNTs. The SWCNTs contained at least one complete row of defect-free walls consisting of only hexagons. The near-zigzag SWCNTs grew via a kink-running process, in which bond formation between a carbon atom at a kink and a neighboring carbon chain led to formation of a hexagon with a new kink at the SWCNT edge. Defects including pentagons and heptagons were sometimes formed but effectively healed into hexagons on metal surfaces. The pure-zigzag SWCNTs grew by the kink-running and the hexagon nucleation processes. In addition, chirality change events along SWCNTs with incorporation of pentagon-heptagon pair defects were observed in the MD simulations. Here, pentagons and heptagons were frequently observed as adjacent pairs, resulting in ( n, m) chirality changes by (±1,0), (0,±1), (1,-1), or (-1,1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshikawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kaoru Hisama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ukai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yukai Takagi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- Energy NanoEngineering Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-8654 , Japan
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43
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Zhang S, Wang X, Yao F, He M, Lin D, Ma H, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Liu K, Ding F, Zhang J. Controllable Growth of (n, n −1) Family of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Bets KV, Gupta N, Yakobson BI. How the Complementarity at Vicinal Steps Enables Growth of 2D Monocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2027-2031. [PMID: 30821468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large 2D monocrystals are highly sought after yet hard to achieve; unlike graphene, most dichalcogenides and h-BN possess low symmetry, which allows for nucleation of mutually inverted pieces, merging into polycrystals replete with grain boundaries. On vicinal substrate surfaces such growing pieces were observed to orient alike, and very recently this effect apparently enabled the growth of large single crystal h-BN. Addressing the compelling questions of how such a growth process can operate and what the key mechanisms are is crucial in guiding the substrate selection for optimal synthesis of perhaps many materials. To this end, the basic crystallography and atomistic-modeling theory presented here reveal (i) how the undulations of the ever-wandering steps do not, surprisingly, disturb the orientations of the attached 2D-nuclei, whose direction remains robust owing to complementarity between the meandering step and h-BN counterpart if their kinks have similar size of negligible misfit, δ k < 0.1 Å. (ii) Stronger chemical affinity of metal to the N atoms at the zigzag edge of h-BN singles out its particular orientation, without evidence of any epitaxy, at the edge or to the surface. (iii) The monocrystal integrity requires unhindered growth spillover across the steps and the seamless healing of the residual fissures, caused by the very same steps necessary for co-orientation. Molecular dynamics simulations show this happening for the steps not taller than the BN bond, s < 1.44 Å. These criteria point to [-1 1 2] steps on the Cu (110) surface, in accord with experimental results (Wang et al. Towards the growth of single-crystal boron nitride monolayer on Cu. arXiv:1811.06688 Cond. Mat. Mtrl. Sci., 2018), while other possibilities can also be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Nitant Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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45
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He M, Zhang S, Wu Q, Xue H, Xin B, Wang D, Zhang J. Designing Catalysts for Chirality-Selective Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Past Success and Future Opportunity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800805. [PMID: 30160811 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle for the applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in electronic devices is their structural diversity, ending in SWNTs with diverse electrical properties. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition has shown great promise in directly synthesizing high-quality SWNTs with a high selectivity to specific chirality (n, m). During the growth process, the tube-catalyst interface plays crucial roles in regulating the SWNT nucleation thermodynamics and growth kinetics, ultimately governing the SWNT chirality distribution. Starting with the introduction of SWNT growth modes, this review seeks to extend the knowledge about chirality-selective synthesis by clarifying the energetically favored SWNT cap nucleation and the threshold step for SWNT growth, which describes how the tube-catalyst interface affects both the nucleus energy and the new carbon atom incorporation. Such understandings are subsequently applied to interpret the (n, m) specific growth achieved on a variety of templates, such as SWNT segments or predefined molecular seeds, transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni)-containing catalysts at low reaction temperatures, W-based alloy catalysts, and metal carbides at relatively high reaction temperatures. The up to date achievements on chirality-controlled synthesis of SWNTs is summarized and the remaining major challenges existing in the SWNT synthesis field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qianru Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Han Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Benwu Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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46
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Wang X, Ding F. How a Solid Catalyst Determines the Chirality of the Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Grown on It. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:735-741. [PMID: 30702891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a chirality selectivity up to 90% has been successfully achieved using solid catalysts ( Yang , F. Nature , 2014 , 510 , 522 ; Zhang , S. ; Nature , 2017 , 543 , 234 , etc.), the underlying mechanism that governs the chirality selection is far from clear. Here we propose a mechanism to understand how a solid catalyst particle determines the structure of the SWCNT grown on it. The mechanism has to satisfy three criteria: (i) thermodynamic selection of SWCNTs that possess a structural symmetry the same as that of the catalyst surface; (ii) kinetic elimination of the achiral SWCNTs with extremely low growth rates; (iii) rough control over the catalyst particle size leads to SWCNTs with only one or a few dominant chiralities. Besides the deep understanding on the mechanisms of experimentally synthesized (12, 6) and (8, 4) SWCNTs, the preference growth of other SWCNTs of the (2 n, n) family, such as the (10, 5) or (6, 3) SWCNTs, by using catalyst surface with a 5- or 3-fold symmetry is predicted. Such a simple three-criteria mechanism deepens our understanding of the selective growth of SWCNTs and provides a guideline for catalyst design for controlled SWCNT synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials , Institute for Basic Science , Ulsan 44919 , South Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials , Institute for Basic Science , Ulsan 44919 , South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , South Korea
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47
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Kimura R, Hijikata Y, Eveleens CA, Page AJ, Irle S. Chiral-selective etching effects on carbon nanotube growth at edge carbon atoms. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:375-380. [PMID: 30548651 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) utilizing metal cluster nanoparticle catalysts is commonly used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNT), with oxygen-containing species such as water or alcohol included in the feedstock for enhanced yield. However, the etching effect of these additives on the growth mechanism has rarely been investigated, despite evidence suggesting that etching potentially affects the chirality distribution of product CNTs. We used quantum chemical methods to study how water-based etchant radicals (OH and H) may enhance the chiral selectivity during CVD growth using CNT cap models. Chemical reactivities of the caps with the etchant radicals were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the reactivities on the cap edges correlate with the chirality of the caps. These results suggest that proper selection of etchant species can provide opportunities for selective chirality control of the product CNTs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Clothilde A Eveleens
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Stephan Irle
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division & Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6493
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48
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Diaz MC, Jiang H, Kauppinen E, Sharma R, Balbuena PB. Can single-walled carbon nanotube diameter be defined by catalyst particle diameter? THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07724. [PMID: 33029278 PMCID: PMC7537549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The need of designing and controlling single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) properties is a challenge in a growing nanomaterials-related industry. Recently, great progress has been made experimentally to selectively control SWCNT diameter and chirality. However, there is not yet a complete understanding of the synthesis process and there is a lack of mathematical models that explain nucleation and diameter selectivity of stable carbon allotropes. Here, in-situ analysis of chemical vapor deposition SWCNT synthesis confirms that the nanoparticle to nanotube diameter ratio varies with the catalyst particle size. It is found that the tube diameter is larger than that of the particle below a specific size (dc ≈ 2nm) and above this value is smaller than particle diameters. To explain these observations, we develop a statistical mechanics based model that correlates possible energy states of a nascent tube with the catalyst particle size. This model incorporates the equilibrium distance between the nucleating SWCNT layer and the metal catalyst (e.g. Fe, Co, Ni) evaluated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The theoretical analysis explains and predicts the observed correlation between tube and solid particle diameters during growth of supported SWCNTs. This work also brings together previous observations related to the stability condition for SWCNT nucleation. Tests of the model against various published data sets and our own experimental results show good agreement, making it a promising tool for evaluating SWCNT synthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio C. Diaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Renu Sharma
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6203, USA
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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49
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Rao R, Pint CL, Islam AE, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S, Meshot ER, Wu F, Zhou C, Dee N, Amama PB, Carpena-Nuñez J, Shi W, Plata DL, Penev ES, Yakobson BI, Balbuena PB, Bichara C, Futaba DN, Noda S, Shin H, Kim KS, Simard B, Mirri F, Pasquali M, Fornasiero F, Kauppinen EI, Arnold M, Cola BA, Nikolaev P, Arepalli S, Cheng HM, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Zhang J, Wei F, Terrones M, Geohegan DB, Maruyama B, Maruyama S, Li Y, Adams WW, Hart AJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11756-11784. [PMID: 30516055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , U.K
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , U.K
| | - Eric R Meshot
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nicholas Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Placidus B Amama
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jennifer Carpena-Nuñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Homin Shin
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pavel Nikolaev
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Magnin Y, Amara H, Ducastelle F, Loiseau A, Bichara C. Entropy-driven stability of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 2018; 362:212-215. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Magnin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Hakim Amara
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - François Ducastelle
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288 Marseille, France
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