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Kim J, Byun I, Kim DY, Joh H, Kim HJ, Lee MJ. Targeted protein degradation directly engaging lysosomes or proteasomes. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3253-3272. [PMID: 38369971 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has been established as a viable alternative to attenuate the function of a specific protein of interest in both biological and clinical contexts. The unique TPD mode-of-action has allowed previously undruggable proteins to become feasible targets, expanding the landscape of "druggable" properties and "privileged" target proteins. As TPD continues to evolve, a range of innovative strategies, which do not depend on recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligases as in proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have emerged. Here, we present an overview of direct lysosome- and proteasome-engaging modalities and discuss their perspectives, advantages, and limitations. We outline the chemical composition, biochemical activity, and pharmaceutical characteristics of each degrader. These alternative TPD approaches not only complement the first generation of PROTACs for intracellular protein degradation but also offer unique strategies for targeting pathologic proteins located on the cell membrane and in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Insuk Byun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyunhi Joh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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2
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Shin H, Kang S, Won C, Min DH. Enhanced Local Delivery of Engineered IL-2 mRNA by Porous Silica Nanoparticles to Promote Effective Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17554-17567. [PMID: 37643221 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Localized expression of immunomodulatory molecules can stimulate immune responses against tumors in the tumor microenvironment while avoiding toxicities associated with systemic administration. In this study, we developed a polyethylenimine-modified porous silica nanoparticle (PPSN)-based delivery platform carrying cytokine mRNA for local immunotherapy in vivo. Our delivery platform was significantly more efficient than FDA-approved lipid nanoparticles for localized mRNA translation. We observed no off-target translation of mRNA in any organs and no evidence of systemic toxicity. Intratumoral injection of cytokine mRNA-loaded PPSNs led to high-level expression of protein within the tumor and stimulated immunogenic cancer cell death. Additionally, combining cytokine mRNA with an immune checkpoint inhibitor enhanced anticancer responses in several murine cancer models and enabled the inhibition of distant metastatic tumors. Our results demonstrate the potential of PPSNs-mediated mRNA delivery as a specific, effective, and safe platform for mRNA-based therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Won
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Chandran A, Oliver HJ, Rochet JC. Role of NFE2L1 in the Regulation of Proteostasis: Implications for Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1169. [PMID: 37759569 PMCID: PMC10525699 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative diseases is a disruption of proteome homeostasis ("proteostasis") that is caused to a considerable extent by a decrease in the efficiency of protein degradation systems. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the major cellular pathway involved in the clearance of small, short-lived proteins, including amyloidogenic proteins that form aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Age-dependent decreases in proteasome subunit expression coupled with the inhibition of proteasome function by aggregated UPS substrates result in a feedforward loop that accelerates disease progression. Nuclear factor erythroid 2- like 1 (NFE2L1) is a transcription factor primarily responsible for the proteasome inhibitor-induced "bounce-back effect" regulating the expression of proteasome subunits. NFE2L1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is rapidly degraded under basal conditions by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Under conditions leading to proteasome impairment, NFE2L1 is cleaved and transported to the nucleus, where it binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter region of proteasome subunit genes, thereby stimulating their transcription. In this review, we summarize the role of UPS impairment in aging and neurodegenerative disease etiology and consider the potential benefit of enhancing NFE2L1 function as a strategy to upregulate proteasome function and alleviate pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Chandran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haley Jane Oliver
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Zangi AR, Amiri A, Borzouee F, Bagherifar R, Pazooki P, Hamishehkar H, Javadzadeh Y. Immobilized nanoparticles-mediated enzyme therapy; promising way into clinical development. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37382752 PMCID: PMC10409955 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme (Enz)-mediated therapy indicated a remarkable effect in the treatment of many human cancers and diseases with an insight into clinical phases. Because of insufficient immobilization (Imb) approach and ineffective carrier, Enz therapeutic exhibits low biological efficacy and bio-physicochemical stability. Although efforts have been made to remove the limitations mentioned in clinical trials, efficient Imb-destabilization and modification of nanoparticles (NPs) remain challenging. NP internalization through insufficient membrane permeability, precise endosomal escape, and endonuclease protection following release are the primary development approaches. In recent years, innovative manipulation of the material for Enz immobilization (EI) fabrication and NP preparation has enabled nanomaterial platforms to improve Enz therapeutic outcomes and provide low-diverse clinical applications. In this review article, we examine recent advances in EI approaches and emerging views and explore the impact of Enz-mediated NPs on clinical therapeutic outcomes with at least diverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borzouee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran.
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Shin H, Kang S, Chae SY, Won C, Min DH. Development of a Cancer Nanovaccine to Induce Antigen-specific Immune Responses Based on Large-Sized Porous Silica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36913611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine is one of the immunotherapeutic strategies aiming to effectively deliver cancer antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B cells to elicit a cancer-specific immune response. Despite the advantages of the cancer vaccine that can be applied to various cancer types, the clinical approach is limited due to the non-specific or adverse immune responses, stability, and safety issues. In this study, we report an injectable nanovaccine platform based on large-sized (∼350 nm) porous silica nanoparticles (PSNs). We found that large-sized PSNs, called PS3, facilitated the formation of an antigen supply depot at the site of injection so that a single injection of PSN-based nanovaccine elicited sufficient tumor-specific cell-mediated and humoral immune response. As a result, antigen-loaded PS3 induced successful tumor regression in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Youl Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Won
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Xu K, Qin L, Zhao D, Yang N, Wang D, Yang Y. Hollow Nanomaterials in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: From Single- to Multiple Shells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203890. [PMID: 35998336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hollow-structured nanomaterials (HSNMs) have attracted increased interest in biomedical fields, owing to their excellent potential as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for clinical applications. Among HSNMs, hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMSs) exhibit properties such as high loading capacity, sequential drug release, and multi-functionalized modification and represent a new class of nanoplatforms for clinical applications. The remarkable properties of HoMS-based DDS can simultaneously satisfy and enhance DDSs for delivering small molecular drugs (e.g., antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and imaging agents) and macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein/peptide- and nucleic acid-based drugs). First, the latest research advances in delivering small molecular drugs are summarized and highlight the inherent advantages of HoMS-based DDSs for small molecular drug targeting, combining continuous therapeutic drug delivery and theranostics to optimize the clinical benefit. Meanwhile, the macromolecular drugs DDSs are in the initial development stage and currently offer limited delivery modes. There is a growing need to analyze the deficiency of other HSNMs and integrate the advantages of HSNMs, providing solutions for the safe, stable, and cascade delivery of macromolecular drugs to meet vast treatment requirements. Therefore, the latest advances in HoMS-based DDSs are comprehensively reviewed, mainly focusing on the characteristics, research progress by drug category, and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Decai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nailiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
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7
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Gándara Z, Rubio N, Castillo RR. Delivery of Therapeutic Biopolymers Employing Silica-Based Nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020351. [PMID: 36839672 PMCID: PMC9963032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles is crucial for the development of a new generation of nanodevices for clinical applications. Silica-based nanoparticles can be tailored with a wide range of functional biopolymers with unique physicochemical properties thus providing several advantages: (1) limitation of interparticle interaction, (2) preservation of cargo and particle integrity, (3) reduction of immune response, (4) additional therapeutic effects and (5) cell targeting. Therefore, the engineering of advanced functional coatings is of utmost importance to enhance the biocompatibility of existing biomaterials. Herein we will focus on the most recent advances reported on the delivery and therapeutic use of silica-based nanoparticles containing biopolymers (proteins, nucleotides, and polysaccharides) with proven biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoila Gándara
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (N.R.); (R.R.C.)
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (N.R.); (R.R.C.)
| | - Rafael R. Castillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (N.R.); (R.R.C.)
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8
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Towards a Mechanistic Model of Tau-Mediated Pathology in Tauopathies: What Can We Learn from Cell-Based In Vitro Assays? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911527. [PMID: 36232835 PMCID: PMC9570106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the hyperphosphorylation and deposition of tau proteins in the brain. In Alzheimer’s disease, and other related tauopathies, the pattern of tau deposition follows a stereotypical progression between anatomically connected brain regions. Increasing evidence suggests that tau behaves in a “prion-like” manner, and that seeding and spreading of pathological tau drive progressive neurodegeneration. Although several advances have been made in recent years, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Since there are no effective therapies for any tauopathy, there is a growing need for reliable experimental models that would provide us with better knowledge and understanding of their etiology and identify novel molecular targets. In this review, we will summarize the development of cellular models for modeling tau pathology. We will discuss their different applications and contributions to our current understanding of the “prion-like” nature of pathological tau.
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9
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Multifunctional synthetic nano-chaperone for peptide folding and intracellular delivery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4568. [PMID: 35931667 PMCID: PMC9356039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial, synthetic chaperones have attracted much attention in biomedical research due to their ability to control the folding of proteins and peptides. Here, we report bio-inspired multifunctional porous nanoparticles to modulate proper folding and intracellular delivery of therapeutic α-helical peptide. The Synthetic Nano-Chaperone for Peptide (SNCP) based on porous nanoparticles provides an internal hydrophobic environment which contributes in stabilizing secondary structure of encapsulated α-helical peptides due to the hydrophobic internal environments. In addition, SNCP with optimized inner surface modification not only improves thermal stability for α-helical peptide but also supports the peptide stapling methods in situ, serving as a nanoreactor. Then, SNCP subsequently delivers the stabilized therapeutic α-helical peptides into cancer cells, resulting in high therapeutic efficacy. SNCP improves cellular uptake and bioavailability of the anti-cancer peptide, so the cancer growth is effectively inhibited in vivo. These data indicate that the bio-inspired SNCP system combining nanoreactor and delivery carrier could provide a strategy to expedite the development of peptide therapeutics by overcoming existing drawbacks of α-helical peptides as drug candidates. Molecular chaperones play an important part in protein folding and delivery in nature. Here, the authors report on the creation of a synthetic chaperone to control the folding of therapeutic peptides from random coil to alpha helix and demonstrate enhanced therapeutic potential in an in vivo tumour model.
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates numerous extracellular and intracellular signals involved in the maintenan-ce of cellular homeostasis and cell growth. mTOR also functions as an endogenous inhibitor of autophagy. Under nutrient-rich conditions, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) phosphorylates the ULK1 complex, preventing its activation and subsequent autophagosome formation, while inhibition of mTORC1 using either rapamycin or nutrient deprivation induces autophagy. Autophagy and proteasomal proteolysis provide amino acids necessary for protein translation. Although the connection between mTORC1 and autophagy is well characterized, the association of mTORC1 inhibition with proteasome biogenesis and activity has not been fully elucidated yet. Proteasomes are long-lived cellular organelles. Their spatiotemporal rather than homeostatic regulation could be another adaptive cellular mechanism to respond to starvation. Here, we reviewed several published reports and the latest research from our group to examine the connection between mTORC1 and proteasome. We have also investigated and described the effect of mTORC1 inhibition on proteasome activity using purified proteasomes. Since mTORC1 inhibitors are currently evaluated as treatments for several human diseases, a better understanding of the link between mTORC1 activity and proteasome function is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Won Hoon Choi
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Park M, Kim KJ, HUH SEONG. Simple preparation of large pore mesoporous silica nanospheres and their protein sequestration abilities. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Park
- Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Ki-Jung Kim
- Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - SEONG HUH
- Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Chemistry 81 Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-myeonCheoin-guGyeonggi-do 449-791 Yongin-si KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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12
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Chae SY, Jeong E, Kang S, Yim Y, Kim JS, Min DH. Rationally designed nanoparticle delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein for effective gene editing. J Control Release 2022; 345:108-119. [PMID: 35247491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Programmable endonucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 system emerge as a promising tool to treat genetic and non-genetic diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and cancer. However, the lack of safe and efficient vehicles that enable intracellular delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease is a big hurdle for its therapeutic applications. Here, we employed porous nanoparticle for the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery and achieved efficient knockout of target genes in vitro and in vivo. The porous nanoparticle, called 'BALL', enabled safe and direct intracellular Cas9 RNP delivery by improving bioavailability and serum stability. The BALL-mediated delivery of Cas9 RNP showed superior indel efficiency of about 40% in vitro and 20% in vivo in a model system employing green fluorescent protein (GFP). More importantly, intramuscular injection of the Cas9 RNP-BALL complex targeting the myostatin (MSTN) gene which is known to suppress muscle growth achieved successful knockout of the MSTN gene, resulting in the increase of muscle and the improved motor functions. Thus, we believe that the BALL is a promising delivery system for CRISPR-based genome editing technology, which can be applied to the treatment of various genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Youl Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Euihwan Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeajee Yim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of BioTherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Lo CH. Recent advances in cellular biosensor technology to investigate tau oligomerization. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10231. [PMID: 34589603 PMCID: PMC8459642 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule binding protein which plays an important role in physiological functions but it is also involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. While insoluble and β-sheet containing tau neurofibrillary tangles have been the histopathological hallmark of these diseases, recent studies suggest that soluble tau oligomers, which are formed prior to fibrils, are the primary toxic species. Substantial efforts have been made to generate tau oligomers using purified recombinant protein strategies to study oligomer conformations as well as their toxicity. However, no specific toxic tau species has been identified to date, potentially due to the lack of cellular environment. Hence, there is a need for cell-based models for direct monitoring of tau oligomerization and aggregation. This review will summarize the recent advances in the cellular biosensor technology, with a focus on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and split luciferase complementation approaches, to monitor formation of tau oligomers and aggregates in living cells. We will discuss the applications of the cellular biosensors in examining the heterogeneous tau conformational ensembles and factors affecting tau self-assembly, as well as detecting cell-to-cell propagation of tau pathology. We will also compare the advantages and limitations of each type of tau biosensors, and highlight their translational applications in biomarker development and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Hung Lo
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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14
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Jeon JH, Oh TR, Park S, Huh S, Kim JH, Mai BK, Lee JH, Kim SH, Lee MJ. The Antipsychotic Drug Clozapine Suppresses the RGS4 Polyubiquitylation and Proteasomal Degradation Mediated by the Arg/N-Degron Pathway. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1768-1782. [PMID: 33884581 PMCID: PMC8608952 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although diverse antipsychotic drugs have been developed for the treatment of schizophrenia, most of their mechanisms of action remain elusive. Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) has been reported to be linked, both genetically and functionally, with schizophrenia and is a physiological substrate of the arginylation branch of the N-degron pathway (Arg/N-degron pathway). Here, we show that the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine significantly inhibits proteasomal degradation of RGS4 proteins without affecting their transcriptional expression. In addition, the levels of Arg- and Phe-GFP (artificial substrates of the Arg/N-degron pathway) were significantly elevated by clozapine treatment. In silico computational model suggested that clozapine may interact with active sites of N-recognin E3 ubiquitin ligases. Accordingly, treatment with clozapine resulted in reduced polyubiquitylation of RGS4 and Arg-GFP in the test tube and in cultured cells. Clozapine attenuated the activation of downstream effectors of G protein-coupled receptor signaling, such as MEK1 and ERK1, in HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of clozapine into rats significantly stabilized the endogenous RGS4 protein in the prefrontal cortex. Overall, these results reveal an additional therapeutic mechanism of action of clozapine: this drug posttranslationally inhibits the degradation of Arg/N-degron substrates, including RGS4. These findings imply that modulation of protein post-translational modifications, in particular the Arg/N-degron pathway, may be a novel molecular therapeutic strategy against schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyoung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Tae Rim Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seoyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sunghoo Huh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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15
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Kim S, Kumari N, Lim J, Dubbu S, Kumar A, Lee IS. Silica Jar‐with‐Lid as Chemo‐Enzymatic Nano‐Compartment for Enantioselective Synthesis inside Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Kim
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Sateesh Dubbu
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Amit Kumar
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 South Korea
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16
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Kim S, Kumari N, Lim J, Dubbu S, Kumar A, Lee IS. Silica Jar-with-Lid as Chemo-Enzymatic Nano-Compartment for Enantioselective Synthesis inside Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16337-16342. [PMID: 34041834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanodevices, harvesting the power of synthetic catalysts and enzymes to perform enantioselective synthesis inside cell, have never been reported. Here, we synthesized round bottom jar-like silica nanostructures (SiJARs) with a chemo-responsive metal-silicate lid. This was isolated as an intermediate structure during highly controlled solid-state nanocrystal-conversion at the arc-section of silica shell. Different catalytic noble metals (Pt, Pd, Ru) were selectively modified on the lid-section through galvanic reactions. And, lid aperture-opening was regulated by mild acidic conditions or intracellular environment which accommodated the metal nanocrystals and enzymes, and in turn created an open-mouth nanoreactor. Distinct from the free enzymes, SiJARs performed asymmetric aldol reactions with high activity and enantioselectivity (yield >99 %, ee=95 %) and also functioned as the artificial catalytic organelles inside living cells. This work bridges the enormous potential of sophisticated nanocrystal-conversion chemistry and advanced platforms for new-to-nature catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Kim
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sateesh Dubbu
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Amit Kumar
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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17
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Sun H, Zhong Y, Zhu X, Liao H, Lee J, Chen Y, Ma L, Ren J, Zhao M, Tu M, Li F, Zhang H, Tian M, Ling D. A Tauopathy-Homing and Autophagy-Activating Nanoassembly for Specific Clearance of Pathogenic Tau in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5263-5275. [PMID: 33683854 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau accumulation represents a significant pathological hallmark of tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is highly associated with defective autophagy in neuronal cells. Autophagy-activating strategies demonstrate the therapeutic potential for AD in many studies; however, further development is limited by their low efficacy and serious side effects that result from a lack of selectivity for diseased cells. Herein, we report a tauopathy-homing nanoassembly (THN) with autophagy-activating capacity for AD treatment. Specifically, the THN can bind to hyperphosphorylated and/or aggregated tau and selectively accumulate in cells undergoing tauopathy. The THN further promotes the clearance of pathogenic tau accumulation by stimulating autophagic flux, consequently rescuing neuron viability and cognitive functions in AD rats. This study presents a promising nanotechnology-based strategy for tauopathy-homing and autophagy-mediated specific removal of pathogenic tau in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiandi Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Liao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiafeng Ren
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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18
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Tomaru U, Ito T, Ohmura Y, Higashikawa K, Miyajima S, Tomatsu R, Higashi T, Ishizu A, Kuge Y, Yoshioka M, Kasahara M. Decreased Proteasomal Function Induces Neuronal Loss and Memory Impairment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:144-156. [PMID: 33339546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia worldwide. There is considerable evidence of age-related disruption of proteostasis being responsible for the development of AD. The proteasome is a multicatalytic enzyme complex that degrades both normal and damaged proteins, and an age-related decline in its activity has been implicated in age-related pathologies. Although proteasomal dysfunction is assumed to be a key AD hallmark, it remains unclear whether its role in disease onset is causative or secondary. In this study, we demonstrate that mice with proteasomal dysfunction exhibited memory impairment with associated neuronal loss, accumulation of phosphorylated tau, and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis pathways. Impaired proteasomal activity also activated ER stress-related apoptosis pathways in HT-22, a murine hippocampal neuronal cell line. HT-22 cell death, caused by proteasomal inhibition, was prevented by an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, an ER stress-related molecule. Collective evidence suggests that impaired proteasomal activity alters proteostasis, and subsequent ER stress-mediated pathways play pivotal roles in neuronal loss. Because aging decreases proteasomal function, age-related impairment of proteasomes may be involved in the development and progression of AD in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Ohmura
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Higashikawa
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Syota Miyajima
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ruka Tomatsu
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsunehito Higashi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Račková L, Csekes E. Proteasome Biology: Chemistry and Bioengineering Insights. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2909. [PMID: 33291646 PMCID: PMC7761984 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation provides the crucial machinery for maintaining cellular proteostasis. The biological origins of modulation or impairment of the function of proteasomal complexes may include changes in gene expression of their subunits, ubiquitin mutation, or indirect mechanisms arising from the overall impairment of proteostasis. However, changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the cellular environment might also meaningfully contribute to altered performance. This review summarizes the effects of physicochemical factors in the cell, such as pH, temperature fluctuations, and reactions with the products of oxidative metabolism, on the function of the proteasome. Furthermore, evidence of the direct interaction of proteasomal complexes with protein aggregates is compared against the knowledge obtained from immobilization biotechnologies. In this regard, factors such as the structures of the natural polymeric scaffolds in the cells, their content of reactive groups or the sequestration of metal ions, and processes at the interface, are discussed here with regard to their influences on proteasomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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20
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Park JE, Trần TXT, Park N, Yeom J, Kim K, Kang MJ. The Function of Drosophila USP14 in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Retinal Degeneration in a Model for Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100332. [PMID: 33053617 PMCID: PMC7650538 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study shows the role of Drosophila USP14 under ER stress and ER stress related disease, autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Drosophila USP14 protects cell from ER stress triggered by ER stress-causing chemicals Drosophila S2 cells and suppresses the retinal degeneration in disease model for retinitis pigmentosa by regulating the stability of Rhodopsin-1. This study also indicates the dynamic reorganization of proteasome complex under ER stress. The modulation of USP14 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating the diseases associated with protein folding. Abstract Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its adaptive cellular response, the unfolded protein response (UPR), are involved in various diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and even cancers. Here, we analyzed the novel function of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) in ER stress. The overexpression of Drosophila USP14 protected the cells from ER stress without affecting the proteasomal activity. Null Hong Kong (NHK) and alpha-1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ) are ER-associated degradation substrates. The degradation of NHK, but not of ATZ, was delayed by USP14. USP14 restored the levels of rhodopsin-1 protein in a Drosophila model for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and suppressed the retinal degeneration in this model. In addition, we observed that proteasome complex is dynamically reorganized in response to ER stress in human 293T cells. These findings suggest that USP14 may be a therapeutic strategy in diseases associated with ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (T.X.T.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Thị Xuân Thùy Trần
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (T.X.T.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Nayoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (T.X.T.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88-gil, 43 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88-gil, 43 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (T.X.T.T.); (N.P.)
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88-gil, 43 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Tian T, McLean JW, Wilson JA, Wilson SM. Examination of genetic and pharmacological tools to study the proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 14 in the nervous system. J Neurochem 2020; 156:309-323. [PMID: 32901953 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for enhancing protein degradation have been proposed for treating neurological diseases associated with a decline in proteasome activity. A proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme that controls substrate entry into proteasomes, ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), is an attractive candidate for therapies that modulate proteasome activity. This report tests the validity of genetic and pharmacological tools to study USP14's role in regulating protein abundance. Although previous studies implicated USP14 in the degradation of microtubule associate protein tau, tar DNA binding protein, and prion protein, the levels of these proteins were similar in our neurons cultured from wild type and USP14-deficient mice. Neither loss nor over-expression of USP14 affected the levels of these proteins in mice, implying that modifying the amount of USP14 is not sufficient to alter their steady-state levels. However, neuronal over-expression of a catalytic mutant of USP14 showed that manipulating USP14's ubiquitin-hydrolase activity altered the levels of specific proteins in vivo. Although pharmacological inhibitors of USP14's ubiquitin-hydrolase activity reduced microtubule associate protein tau, tar DNA binding protein, and prion protein in culture, the effect was similar in wild type and USP14-deficient neurons, thus impacting their use for specifically evaluating USP14 in a therapeutic manner. While examining how targeting USP14 may affect other proteins in vivo, this report showed that fatty acid synthase, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog, CTNNB1, and synaptosome associated protein 23 are reduced in USP14-deficient mice; however, loss of USP14 differentially altered the levels of these proteins in the liver and brain. As such, it is critical to more thoroughly examine how inhibiting USP14 alters protein abundance to determine if targeting USP14 will be a beneficial strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John W McLean
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott M Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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22
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Verheijen BM, Lussier C, Müller-Hübers C, Garruto RM, Oyanagi K, Braun RJ, van Leeuwen FW. Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response and Proteostasis Disturbance in Parkinsonism-Dementia of Guam. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:34-45. [PMID: 31750913 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guam parkinsonism-dementia (G-PD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder among the native inhabitants of the Mariana Islands that manifests clinically with parkinsonism as well as dementia. Neuropathologically, G-PD is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, marked deposition of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), and neuronal loss. The mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in G-PD are poorly understood. Here, we report that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in G-PD brains. Specifically, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa and phosphorylated (activated) ER stress sensor protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase accumulate in G-PD brains. Furthermore, proteinaceous aggregates in G-PD brains are found to contain several proteins related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy pathway, two major mechanisms for intracellular protein degradation. In particular, a mutant ubiquitin (UBB+1), whose presence is a marker for UPS dysfunction, is shown to accumulate in G-PD brains. We demonstrate that UBB+1 is a potent modifier of TDP-43 aggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. Overall, these data suggest that UPR activation and intracellular proteolytic pathways are intimately connected with the accumulation of aggregated proteins in G-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Celina Lussier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Cora Müller-Hübers
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Ralf J Braun
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience (BMV); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University (BMV), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (CL, CM-H, RJB); Department of Anthropology (RMG); Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (RMG), Binghamton, New York; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan (KO); Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan (KO); Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria (RJB); and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (FWvL)
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Koo DJ, Choi J, Ahn M, Ahn BH, Min DH, Kim SY. Large-Scale 3D Optical Mapping and Quantitative Analysis of Nanoparticle Distribution in Tumor Vascular Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1784-1794. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinahn Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Minchul Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Benjamin H. Ahn
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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25
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Castillo RR, Lozano D, Vallet-Regí M. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Carriers for Therapeutic Biomolecules. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E432. [PMID: 32392811 PMCID: PMC7284475 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous versatility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles permits the creation of a large number of nanotherapeutic systems for the treatment of cancer and many other pathologies. In addition to the controlled release of small drugs, these materials allow a broad number of molecules of a very different nature and sizes. In this review, we focus on biogenic species with therapeutic abilities (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and glycans), as well as how nanotechnology, in particular silica-based materials, can help in establishing new and more efficient routes for their administration. Indeed, since the applicability of those combinations of mesoporous silica with bio(macro)molecules goes beyond cancer treatment, we address a classification based on the type of therapeutic action. Likewise, as illustrative content, we highlight the most typical issues and problems found in the preparation of those hybrid nanotherapeutic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Castillo
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.C.); (D.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—CIBER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre—imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.C.); (D.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—CIBER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre—imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.C.); (D.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—CIBER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre—imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Kang S, Kim J, Ahn M, Kim J, Heo MG, Min DH, Won C. RNAi nanotherapy for fibrosis: highly durable knockdown of CTGF/CCN-2 using siRNA-DegradaBALL (LEM-S401) to treat skin fibrotic diseases. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6385-6393. [PMID: 32134425 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis occurs in a variety of human diseases but the current anti-fibrosis treatments are not sufficient. One major cause of fibrotic diseases shared across diverse organ fibrosis is uncontrolled overexpression of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also known as CCN2). Here, we examine the anti-fibrotic activity of RNAi therapy utilizing siRNA against CTGF with a new drug delivery system (DDS), 'DegradaBALL', which is based on porous nanoparticles, for durable CTGF gene silencing. DegradaBALL is a modular DDS having many favorable properties for RNA delivery such as effective intracellular uptake, convenient drug loading, biocompatibility, sustained release profile and biodegradability. DegradaBALL loaded with siCTGF, named 'LEM-S401', showed highly durable and effective CTGF gene-silencing in TGF-β induced lung fibrosis and skin fibrosis model cells, A549 and HaCaT, respectively. In addition, LEM-S401 induced knockdown of collagen types I and III, which are excess extracellular matrix components in fibrotic skin in addition to CTGF in the mouse wound healing model. Most importantly, we showed that LEM-S401 effectively inhibited the formation of hypertrophic scars in wound-associated dermal fibrosis mouse models, during both the epidermis recovery and tissue remodeling process. Our findings suggest that LEM-S401 could be a highly potent therapeutic option for skin fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Shin S, Kim D, Song JY, Jeong H, Hyeon SJ, Kowall NW, Ryu H, Pae AN, Lim S, Kim YK. Visualization of soluble tau oligomers in TauP301L-BiFC transgenic mice demonstrates the progression of tauopathy. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 187:101782. [PMID: 32105751 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of abnormal tau aggregates in the brain is a pathological hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence suggests that soluble tau aggregates play a key role in tau pathology as neurotoxic species causing neuronal cell death and act as prion-like seeds mediating tau propagation. Despite the pathological relevance, there is a paucity of methods to monitor tau oligomerization in the brain. As a tool to monitor tau self-assembly in the brain, we generated a novel tau transgenic mouse, named TauP301L-BiFC. By introducing bimolecular fluorescence complementation technique to human tau containing a P301L mutation, we were able to monitor and quantify tau self-assembly, represented by BiFC fluorescence in the brains of transgenic TauP301L-BiFC mice. TauP301L-BiFC mice showed soluble tau oligomerization from 3 months, showing significantly enriched BiFC fluorescence in the brain. Then, massive tau fragmentation occured at 6 months showing dramatically decreased TauP301L-BiFC fluorescence. The fragmented tau species served as a seed for insoluble tau aggregation. In a result, insoluble TauP301L-BiFC aggregates coaggregated with endogenous mouse tau accumulated in the brain, showing subsequently increased BiFC fluorescence from 9 months. Neuronal degeneration and cognitive deficits were observed from 12 months of age. TauP301L-BiFC mouse model demonstrated that methylene blue reduced the amount of soluble tau oligomers in the brain, resulting in the prevention of cognitive impairments. We assure that TauP301L-BiFC mice are a bona-fide animal tool to monitor pathological tau oligomerization in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Shin
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Song
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeanjeong Jeong
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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28
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The Bewildering Effect of AMPK Activators in Alzheimer's Disease: Review of the Current Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9895121. [PMID: 32149150 PMCID: PMC7049408 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9895121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. It is the most common form of dementia. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include extracellular amyloid plaque, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and oxidative stress, to mention some of them. Despite remarkable progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, drugs for cure or disease-modifying therapy remain somewhere in the distance. From recent time, the signaling molecule AMPK is gaining enormous attention in the AD drug research. AMPK is a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism, and recent pieces of evidence show that perturbation of its function is highly ascribed in the pathology of AD. Several drugs are known to activate AMPK, but their effect in AD remains to be controversial. In this review, the current shreds of evidence on the effect of AMPK activators in Aβ accumulation, tau aggregation, and oxidative stress are addressed. Positive and negative effects are reported with regard to Aβ and tauopathy but only positive in oxidative stress. We also tried to dissect the molecular interplays where the bewildering effects arise from.
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29
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Rösler TW, Costa M, Höglinger GU. Disease-modifying strategies in primary tauopathies. Neuropharmacology 2019; 167:107842. [PMID: 31704274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative brain diseases that are characterized by the formation of intraneuronal inclusions containing the microtubule-associated protein tau. This major hallmark defines tau pathology which is predominant in primary tauopathies, while in secondary forms additional driving forces are involved. In the course of the disease, different brain areas degenerate and lead to severe defects of language, behavior and movement. Although neuropathologically heterogeneous, primary tauopathies share a common feature, which is the generation of abnormal tau species that aggregate and progress into filamentous deposits in neurons. Mechanisms that are involved in this disease-related process offer a broad range of targets for disease-modifying therapeutics. The present review provides an up-to-date overview of currently known targets in primary tauopathies and their possible therapeutic modulation. It is structured into four major targets, the post-translational modifications of tau and tau aggregation, protein homeostasis, disease propagation, and tau genetics. Chances, as well as obstacles in the development of effective therapies are highlighted. Some therapeutic strategies, e.g., passive or active immunization, have already reached clinical development, raising hopes for affected patients. Other concepts, e.g., distinct modulators of proteostasis, are at the ready to be developed into promising future therapies. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Rösler
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Márcia Costa
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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30
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Ye Y, Klenerman D, Finley D. N-Terminal Ubiquitination of Amyloidogenic Proteins Triggers Removal of Their Oligomers by the Proteasome Holoenzyme. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:585-596. [PMID: 31518613 PMCID: PMC6990400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is an abnormal biological process implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Whereas the aggregation process of amyloid-forming proteins has been studied extensively, the mechanism of aggregate removal is poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that proteasomes could fragment filamentous aggregates into smaller entities, restricting aggregate size [1]. Here, we show in vitro that UBE2W can modify the N-terminus of both α-synuclein and a tau tetra-repeat domain with a single ubiquitin. We demonstrate that an engineered N-terminal ubiquitin modification changes the aggregation process of both proteins, resulting in the formation of structurally distinct aggregates. Single-molecule approaches further reveal that the proteasome can target soluble oligomers assembled from ubiquitin-modified proteins independently of its peptidase activity, consistent with our recently reported fibril-fragmenting activity. Based on these results, we propose that proteasomes are able to target oligomers assembled from N-terminally ubiquitinated proteins. Our data suggest a possible disassembly mechanism by which N-terminal ubiquitination and the proteasome may together impede aggregate formation. Amyloid proteins α-synuclein and tauK18 can be ubiquitinated by UBE2W. N-terminal ubiquitin modification on amyloid proteins delays aggregation. Proteasomes can remove N-terminal ubiquitin-modified oligomers. Proteasomes remove oligomers primarily by enabling their dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Proteasome Activation to Combat Proteotoxicity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152841. [PMID: 31387243 PMCID: PMC6696185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of proteome fidelity leads to the accumulation of non-native protein aggregates and oxidatively damaged species: hallmarks of an aged cell. These misfolded and aggregated species are often found, and suggested to be the culpable party, in numerous neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's Diseases (AD). Many strategies for therapeutic intervention in proteotoxic pathologies have been put forth; one of the most promising is bolstering the efficacy of the proteasome to restore normal proteostasis. This strategy is ideal as monomeric precursors and oxidatively damaged proteins, so called "intrinsically disordered proteins" (IDPs), are targeted by the proteasome. This review will provide an overview of disorders in proteins, both intrinsic and acquired, with a focus on susceptibility to proteasomal degradation. We will then examine the proteasome with emphasis on newly published structural data and summarize current known small molecule proteasome activators.
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32
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Li H, Liu Q, Crielaard BJ, de Vries JW, Loznik M, Meng Z, Yang X, Göstl R, Herrmann A. Fast, Efficient, and Targeted Liposome Delivery Mediated by DNA Hybridization. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900389. [PMID: 31081288 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Safety and efficacy, two significant parameters in drug administration, can be improved by site-specific delivery approaches. Here a fast, efficient, and targeted liposome delivery system steered by a DNA hybridization recognition mechanism is presented. For this purpose, lipid-terminated DNA is inserted in both liposome and cell membranes by simple mixing of the components. Cellular accumulation of cargo encapsulated in the liposomal core is substantially enhanced when the DNA sequence on the cell is complementary to that on the liposome. Additionally, in mixed cell populations, liposomes discriminate targets by their complementary DNA sequences. Exposure of cells to low temperature and endocytosis inhibitors suggests a caveolae-dependent endocytosis uptake pathway. Mechanistically, hybridization between DNA strands spatially traps liposomes and cell membranes in close proximity, consequently increases the local liposome concentration, and thereby enhances cellular uptake of liposomes and their payload. This programmable delivery system might contribute to new applications in molecular biology and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Qing Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. Crielaard
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. de Vries
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mark Loznik
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Xintong Yang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
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Rösler TW, Tayaranian Marvian A, Brendel M, Nykänen NP, Höllerhage M, Schwarz SC, Hopfner F, Koeglsperger T, Respondek G, Schweyer K, Levin J, Villemagne VL, Barthel H, Sabri O, Müller U, Meissner WG, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Four-repeat tauopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 180:101644. [PMID: 31238088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein with versatile functions in the dynamic assembly of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Four-repeat (4R-) tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases defined by cytoplasmic inclusions predominantly composed of tau protein isoforms with four microtubule-binding domains. Progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease or glial globular tauopathy belong to the group of 4R-tauopathies. The present review provides an introduction in the current concept of 4R-tauopathies, including an overview of the neuropathological and clinical spectrum of these diseases. It describes the genetic and environmental etiological factors, as well as the contemporary knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms, including post-translational modifications, aggregation and fragmentation of tau, as well as the role of protein degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, current theories about disease propagation are discussed, involving different extracellular tau species and their cellular release and uptake mechanisms. Finally, molecular diagnostic tools for 4R-tauopathies, including tau-PET and fluid biomarkers, and investigational therapeutic strategies are presented. In summary, we report on 4R-tauopathies as overarching disease concept based on a shared pathophysiological concept, and highlight the challenges and opportunities on the way towards a causal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Rösler
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Tayaranian Marvian
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Niko-Petteri Nykänen
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Höllerhage
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schweyer
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Dept. of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Dept. of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Dept. of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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34
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:623-652. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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35
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Xu C, Lei C, Yu C. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Protein Protection and Delivery. Front Chem 2019; 7:290. [PMID: 31119124 PMCID: PMC6504683 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are widely used in clinic for numerous therapies such as cancer therapy, immune therapy, diabetes management and infectious diseases control. The low stability and large size of proteins generally compromise their therapeutic effects. Thus, it is a big challenge to deliver active forms of proteins into targeted place in a controlled manner. Nanoparticle based delivery systems offer a promising method to address the challenges. In particular, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are of special interest for protein delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, high stability, rigid framework, well-defined pore structure, easily controllable morphology and tuneable surface chemistry. Therefore, enhanced stability, improved activity, responsive release, and intracellular delivery of proteins have been achieved using MSNs as delivery vehicles. Here, we systematically review the effects of various structural parameters of MSNs on protein loading, protection, and delivery performance. We also highlight the status of the most recent progress using MSNs for intracellular delivery, extracellular delivery, antibacterial proteins delivery, enzyme mobilization, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chang Lei
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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36
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van der Kant R, Langness VF, Herrera CM, Williams DA, Fong LK, Leestemaker Y, Steenvoorden E, Rynearson KD, Brouwers JF, Helms JB, Ovaa H, Giera M, Wagner SL, Bang AG, Goldstein LSB. Cholesterol Metabolism Is a Druggable Axis that Independently Regulates Tau and Amyloid-β in iPSC-Derived Alzheimer's Disease Neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:363-375.e9. [PMID: 30686764 PMCID: PMC6414424 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic, epidemiologic, and biochemical evidence suggests that predisposition to Alzheimer's disease (AD) may arise from altered cholesterol metabolism, although the molecular pathways that may link cholesterol to AD phenotypes are only partially understood. Here, we perform a phenotypic screen for pTau accumulation in AD-patient iPSC-derived neurons and identify cholesteryl esters (CE), the storage product of excess cholesterol, as upstream regulators of Tau early during AD development. Using isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines carrying mutations in the cholesterol-binding domain of APP or APP null alleles, we found that while CE also regulate Aβ secretion, the effects of CE on Tau and Aβ are mediated by independent pathways. Efficacy and toxicity screening in iPSC-derived astrocytes and neurons showed that allosteric activation of CYP46A1 lowers CE specifically in neurons and is well tolerated by astrocytes. These data reveal that CE independently regulate Tau and Aβ and identify a druggable CYP46A1-CE-Tau axis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik van der Kant
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa F Langness
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cheryl M Herrera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel A Williams
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lauren K Fong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yves Leestemaker
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Steenvoorden
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin D Rynearson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steven L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Research Biologist, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Anne G Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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37
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Tapia-Rojas C, Cabezas-Opazo F, Deaton CA, Vergara EH, Johnson GVW, Quintanilla RA. It's all about tau. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 175:54-76. [PMID: 30605723 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a protein that is highly enriched in neurons and was originally defined by its ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. However, it is now becoming evident that the functions of tau extend beyond its ability to modulate microtubule dynamics. Tau plays a role in mediating axonal transport, synaptic structure and function, and neuronal signaling pathways. Although tau plays important physiological roles in neurons, its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, and most prominently in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), has directed the majority of tau studies. However, a thorough knowledge of the physiological functions of tau and its post-translational modifications under normal conditions are necessary to provide the foundation for understanding its role in pathological settings. In this review, we will focus on human tau, summarizing tau structure and organization, as well as its posttranslational modifications associated with physiological processes. We will highlight possible mechanisms involved in mediating the turnover of tau and finally discuss newly elucidated tau functions in a physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Cabezas-Opazo
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol A Deaton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Erick H Vergara
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIIA), Santiago, Chile.
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38
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Pace MC, Xu G, Fromholt S, Howard J, Crosby K, Giasson BI, Lewis J, Borchelt DR. Changes in proteome solubility indicate widespread proteostatic disruption in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:919-938. [PMID: 30140941 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of pathologic misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is hypothesized to burden protein homeostatic (proteostatic) machinery, potentially leading to insufficient capacity to maintain the proteome. This hypothesis has been supported by previous work in our laboratory, as evidenced by the perturbation of cytosolic protein solubility in response to amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's amyloidosis. In the current study, we demonstrate changes in proteome solubility are a common pathology to mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. Pathological accumulations of misfolded tau, α-synuclein and mutant superoxide dismutase 1 in CNS tissues of transgenic mice were associated with changes in the solubility of hundreds of CNS proteins in each model. We observed that changes in proteome solubility were progressive and, using the rTg4510 model of inducible tau pathology, demonstrated that these changes were dependent upon sustained expression of the primary pathologic protein. In all of the models examined, changes in proteome solubility were robust, easily detected, and provided a sensitive indicator of proteostatic disruption. Interestingly, a subset of the proteins that display a shift towards insolubility were common between these different models, suggesting that a specific subset of the proteome is vulnerable to proteostatic disruption. Overall, our data suggest that neurodegenerative proteinopathies modeled in mice impose a burden on the proteostatic network that diminishes the ability of neural cells to prevent aberrant conformational changes that alter the solubility of hundreds of abundant cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Pace
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Susan Fromholt
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA
| | - John Howard
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Keith Crosby
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
| | - David R Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
- SantaFe Healthcare Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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39
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Li R, Huang Y, Chen L, Zhou H, Zhang M, Chang L, Shen H, Zhou M, Su P, Zhu D. Targeted delivery of intranasally administered nanoparticles-mediated neuroprotective peptide NR2B9c to brain and neuron for treatment of ischemic stroke. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 18:380-390. [PMID: 30428334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The lack of effective therapies mandates the development of new treatment strategies for ischemic stroke. The NR2B9c peptide can prevent N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotoxicity induced by ischemia without affecting essential NMDAR activity and brings hope for stroke therapy. However, it is very difficult for NR2B9c to cross by itself the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neuron membrane. To provide a suitable delivery for unleashing the therapeutic potential of NR2B9c, in consideration of a high affinity of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for WGA receptors abundantly present on olfactory epithelium and neuronal surface, we developed WGA-modified nanoparticles carrying NR2B9c (NR2B9c-WGA-NPs). Following intranasal administration, NR2B9c-WGA-NPs are able to bypass the BBB and effectively transport NR2B9c into the brain and neuron, and therefore can protect neurons against excitotoxicity, reduce ischemic brain injury in rats and ameliorate their neurological function deficits. The intranasal administration of NR2B9c-WGA-NPs may serve as a practical stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haihui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingwan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Neuro-psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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40
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Karthivashan G, Ganesan P, Park SY, Kim JS, Choi DK. Therapeutic strategies and nano-drug delivery applications in management of ageing Alzheimer's disease. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:307-320. [PMID: 29350055 PMCID: PMC6058502 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1428243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidental rate of neurodegenerative disorders has increased proportionately with the aging population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most commonly reported neurodegenerative disorders, and it is estimated to increase by roughly 30% among the aged population. In spite of screening numerous drug candidates against various molecular targets of AD, only a few candidates - such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are currently utilized as an effective clinical therapy. However, targeted drug delivery of these drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) exhibits several limitations including meager solubility, low bioavailability, and reduced efficiency due to the impediments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Current advances in nanotechnology present opportunities to overcome such limitations in delivering active drug candidates. Nanodrug delivery systems are promising in targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing the penetration of drug molecules across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. Recently, a wide range of nano-carriers, such as polymers, emulsions, lipo-carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon nanotubes, metal based carriers etc., have been adapted to develop successful therapeutics with sustained release and improved efficacy. Here, we discuss few recently updated nano-drug delivery applications that have been adapted in the field of AD therapeutics, and future prospects on potential molecular targets for nano-drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology research center, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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41
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LaBauve AE, Rinker TE, Noureddine A, Serda RE, Howe JY, Sherman MB, Rasley A, Brinker CJ, Sasaki DY, Negrete OA. Lipid-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Delivery of the ML336 Antiviral to Inhibit Encephalitic Alphavirus Infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13990. [PMID: 30228359 PMCID: PMC6143628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) poses a major public health risk due to its amenability for use as a bioterrorism agent and its severe health consequences in humans. ML336 is a recently developed chemical inhibitor of VEEV, shown to effectively reduce VEEV infection in vitro and in vivo. However, its limited solubility and stability could hinder its clinical translation. To overcome these limitations, lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LC-MSNs) were employed. The large surface area of the MSN core promotes hydrophobic drug loading while the liposome coating retains the drug and enables enhanced circulation time and biocompatibility, providing an ideal ML336 delivery platform. LC-MSNs loaded 20 ± 3.4 μg ML336/mg LC-MSN and released 6.6 ± 1.3 μg/mg ML336 over 24 hours. ML336-loaded LC-MSNs significantly inhibited VEEV in vitro in a dose-dependent manner as compared to unloaded LC-MSNs controls. Moreover, cell-based studies suggested that additional release of ML336 occurs after endocytosis. In vivo safety studies were conducted in mice, and LC-MSNs were not toxic when dosed at 0.11 g LC-MSNs/kg/day for four days. ML336-loaded LC-MSNs showed significant reduction of brain viral titer in VEEV infected mice compared to PBS controls. Overall, these results highlight the utility of LC-MSNs as drug delivery vehicles to treat VEEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette E LaBauve
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Torri E Rinker
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Achraf Noureddine
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rita E Serda
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jane Y Howe
- Hitachi High Technologies America Inc., Clarksburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael B Sherman
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Amy Rasley
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - C Jeffery Brinker
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Darryl Y Sasaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Oscar A Negrete
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA.
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42
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Wang Y, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Ren R, Zhang S. Orderly nucleic acid aggregates by electrostatic self-assembly in single cells for miRNA detection and visualizing. Analyst 2018; 141:2861-4. [PMID: 27063644 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00160b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Orderly nucleic acid aggregates (ONAAs) self-assembled on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with positively charged aminopropyl groups (PC) were firstly developed. Interestingly, a novel electrostatic DNA self-assembly could realize hybridization chain reaction (HCR) on the surface of PCMSNs in single cells. Significantly, a non-destructive amplification strategy based on ONAAs-PCMSNs was successfully developed for miRNA detection and in situ imaging by the prominent and agminated fluorescence-bright spots in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhaopeng Yu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Rui Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
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43
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Aim for the core: suitability of the ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome as a drug target in neurodegeneration. Transl Res 2018; 198:48-57. [PMID: 30244692 PMCID: PMC6154511 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of age-associated proteopathies characterized by the accumulation of misfolded and/or aggregation-prone proteins. This imbalance has been attributed, in part, to an age-dependent decay in the capacity of protein turnover. Most proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is composed of ubiquitin ligases and regulatory particles, such as the 19S, that deliver cargo to the proteolytically active 20S proteasome (20S) core. However, a subset of clients, especially intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), are also removed by the action of the ubiquitin-independent proteasome system (UIPS). What are the specific contributions of the UPS and UIPS in the context of neurodegeneration? Here, we explore how age-associated changes in the relative contribution of the UPS and UIPS, combined with the IDP-like structure of many neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins, might contribute. Strikingly, the 20S has been shown to predominate in older neurons and to preferentially act on relevant substrates, such as synuclein and tau. Moreover, pharmacological activation of the 20S has been shown to accelerate removal of aggregation-prone proteins in some models. Together, these recent studies are turning attention to the 20S and the UIPS as potential therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration.
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44
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Chen H, Liu S, Li S, Chen J, Ni J, Liu Q. Blocking the Thiol at Cysteine-322 Destabilizes Tau Protein and Prevents Its Oligomer Formation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1560-1565. [PMID: 29714059 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of tau protein into oligomers contributes to neuronal dysfunction. Reduction of tau level is potentially able to prevent its accumulation. Here we uncover a critical role of the free thiol at Cys-322 in determining tau stability. We found that the application of thiol-blocking agents like NEM or MMTS blocks this thiol, by which it destabilizes tau protein and prevents its oligomer formation. Furthermore, we identified a tau-interacting protein, selenoprotein W, which attenuates tau accumulation by forming disulfide linkage between SelW Cys-37 and tau Cys-322. These findings provide a promising strategy to prevent tau accumulation and oligomer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Simu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuiming Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jierui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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45
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Park S, Lee JH, Jeon JH, Lee MJ. Degradation or aggregation: the ramifications of post-translational modifications on tau. BMB Rep 2018; 51:265-273. [PMID: 29661268 PMCID: PMC6033068 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.6.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is encoded in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene and contributes to the stability of microtubules in axons. Despite of its basic isoelectric point and high solubility, tau is often found in intraneuronal filamentous inclusions such as paired helical filaments (PHFs), which are the primary constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This pathological feature is the nosological entity termed "tauopathies" which notably include Alzheimer's disease (AD). A proteinaceous signature of all tauopathies is hyperphosphorylation of the accumulated tau, which has been extensively studied as a major pharmacological target for AD therapy. However, in addition to phosphorylation events, tau undergoes a number of diverse posttranslational modifications (PTMs) which appear to be controlled by complex crosstalk. It remains to be elucidated which of the PTMs or their combinations have pro-aggregation or anti-aggregation properties. In this review, we outline the consequences of and communications between several key PTMs of tau, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, focusing on their roles in aggregation and degradation. We place emphasis on the structure of tau protofilaments from the human AD brain, which may be good targets to modulate etiological PTMs which cause tau aggregation. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(6): 265-273].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Jun Hyoung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080,
Korea
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Pace MC, Xu G, Fromholt S, Howard J, Giasson BI, Lewis J, Borchelt DR. Differential induction of mutant SOD1 misfolding and aggregation by tau and α-synuclein pathology. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:23. [PMID: 29776378 PMCID: PMC5960184 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies in C. elegans demonstrated that the expression of aggregation-prone polyglutamine proteins in muscle wall cells compromised the folding of co-expressed temperature-sensitive proteins, prompting interest in whether the accumulation of a misfolded protein in pathologic features of human neurodegenerative disease burdens cellular proteostatic machinery in a manner that impairs the folding of other cellular proteins. METHODS Mice expressing high levels of mutant forms of tau and α-synuclein (αSyn), which develop inclusion pathologies of the mutant protein in brain and spinal cord, were crossed to mice expressing low levels of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 fused to yellow fluorescent protein (G85R-SOD1:YFP) for aging and neuropathological evaluation. RESULTS Mice expressing low levels of G85R-SOD1:YFP, alone, lived normal lifespans and were free of evidence of inclusion pathology, setting the stage to use this protein as a reporter of proteostatic function. We observed robust induction of G85R-SOD1:YFP inclusion pathology in the neuropil of spinal cord and brainstem of bigenic mice that co-express high levels of mutant tau in the spinal axis and develop robust spinal tau pathology (JNPL3 mice). In contrast, in crosses of the G85R-SOD1:YFP mice with mice that model spinal α-synucleinopathy (the M83 model of αSyn pathology), we observed no G85R-SOD1:YFP inclusion formation. Similarly, in crosses of the G85R-SOD1:YFP mice to mice that model cortical tau pathology (rTg4510 mice), we did not observe induction of G85R-SOD1:YFP inclusions. CONCLUSION Despite robust burdens of neurodegenerative pathology in M83 and rTg4510 mice, the introduction of the G85R-SOD1:YFP protein was induced to aggregate only in the context of spinal tau pathology present in the JNPL3 model. These findings suggest unexpected specificity, mediated by both the primary protein pathology and cellular context, in the induced "secondary aggregation" of a mutant form of SOD1 that could be viewed as a reporter of proteostatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Pace
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS Building J-491, PO Box, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244 USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS Building J-491, PO Box, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244 USA
| | - Susan Fromholt
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS Building J-491, PO Box, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244 USA
| | - John Howard
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS Building J-491, PO Box, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244 USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS Building J-491, PO Box, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244 USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS Building J-491, PO Box, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244 USA
| | - David R. Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS Building J-491, PO Box, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244 USA
- SantaFe Healthcare Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Gainesville, FL USA
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Kim KR, Hwang D, Kim J, Lee CY, Lee W, Yoon DS, Shin D, Min SJ, Kwon IC, Chung HS, Ahn DR. Streptavidin-mirror DNA tetrahedron hybrid as a platform for intracellular and tumor delivery of enzymes. J Control Release 2018; 280:1-10. [PMID: 29723615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extremely high substrate specificity and catalytically amplified activity of enzymes, the lack of efficient cellular internalization limits their application as therapeutics. To overcome this limitation and to harness enzymes as practical biologics for targeting intracellular functions, we developed the streptavidin-mirror DNA tetrahedron hybrid as a platform for intracellular delivery of various enzymes. The hybrid consists of streptavidin, which provides a stoichiometrically controlled loading site for the enzyme cargo and an L-DNA (mirror DNA) tetrahedron, which provides the intracellular delivery potential. Due to the cell-penetrating ability of the mirror DNA tetrahedron of this hybrid, enzymes loaded on streptavidin can be efficiently delivered into the cells, intracellularly expressing their activity. In addition, we demonstrate tumor delivery of enzymes in an animal model by utilizing the potential of the hybrid to accumulate in tumors. Strikingly, the hybrid is able to transfer the apoptotic enzyme specifically into tumor cells, leading to strong suppression of tumor growth without causing significant damage to other tissues. These results suggest that the hybrid may allow anti-proliferative enzymes and proteins to be utilized as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ran Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Hwang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Chemical & Molecular Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Villegas MR, Baeza A, Vallet-Regí M. Nanotechnological Strategies for Protein Delivery. Molecules 2018; 23:E1008. [PMID: 29693640 PMCID: PMC6100203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of therapeutic proteins plays a fundamental role in the treatment of numerous diseases. The low physico-chemical stability of proteins in physiological conditions put their function at risk in the human body until they reach their target. Moreover, several proteins are unable to cross the cell membrane. All these facts strongly hinder their therapeutic effect. Nanomedicine has emerged as a powerful tool which can provide solutions to solve these limitations and improve the efficacy of treatments based on protein administration. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of different types of strategies employed for protein delivery, such as PEGylation, transport within liposomes or inorganic nanoparticles or their in situ encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rocío Villegas
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Chiu HY, Bates JA, Helma J, Engelke H, Harz H, Bein T, Leonhardt H. Nanoparticle mediated delivery and small molecule triggered activation of proteins in the nucleus. Nucleus 2018; 9:530-542. [PMID: 30217128 PMCID: PMC6244737 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1523665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein transfection is a versatile tool to study or manipulate cellular processes and also shows great therapeutic potential. However, the repertoire of cost effective techniques for efficient and minimally cytotoxic delivery remains limited. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are multifunctional nanocarriers for cellular delivery of a wide range of molecules, they are simple and economical to synthesize and have shown great promise for protein delivery. In this work we present a general strategy to optimize the delivery of active protein to the nucleus. We generated a bimolecular Venus based optical sensor that exclusively detects active and bioavailable protein for the performance of multi-parameter optimization of protein delivery. In conjunction with cell viability tests we maximized MSN protein delivery and biocompatibility and achieved highly efficient protein transfection rates of 80%. Using the sensor to measure live-cell protein delivery kinetics, we observed heterogeneous timings within cell populations which could have a confounding effect on function studies. To address this problem we fused a split or dimerization dependent protein of interest to chemically induced dimerization (CID) components, permitting control over its activity following cellular delivery. Using the split Venus protein we directly show that addition of a small molecule dimerizer causes synchronous activation of the delivered protein across the entire cell population. This combination of cellular delivery and triggered activation provides a defined starting point for functional studies and could be applied to other protein transfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chiu
- a Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - Jack A Bates
- b Department of Biology II and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) , Planegg-Martinsried , Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- b Department of Biology II and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) , Planegg-Martinsried , Germany
| | - Hanna Engelke
- a Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - Hartmann Harz
- b Department of Biology II and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) , Planegg-Martinsried , Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- a Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- b Department of Biology II and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) , Planegg-Martinsried , Germany
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50
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Park SJ, Kim S, Kim SY, Jeon NL, Song JM, Won C, Min DH. Highly Efficient and Rapid Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Based on Retinoic Acid Encapsulated Porous Nanoparticle. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34634-34640. [PMID: 28921950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An improved cell conversion strategy for neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells is developed by incorporating functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) as an efficient delivery carrier of retinoic acid (RA), which is a pleiotropic factor required for initiation of neural differentiation. Traditional RA-mediated neural differentiation methods required either preactivation of the cells to the differentiating state by embryoid body (EB) formation or repetitive treatment of the differentiation factor. Our modified cell conversion system involves only singular treatment of the RA/MSN complex, which simplified the whole process and accelerated neural induction to be finished within 6 days with high quality. With our new method, neural cells were successfully derived from mES cells with stable expression of neurite marker gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Park
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Won
- Institute of Nanobio Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc. , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nanobio Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc. , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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