1
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Wang M, Flaswinkel H, Joshi A, Napoli M, Masgrau-Alsina S, Kamper JM, Henne A, Heinz A, Berouti M, Schmacke NA, Hiller K, Kremmer E, Wefers B, Wurst W, Sperandio M, Ruland J, Fröhlich T, Hornung V. Phosphorylation of PFKL regulates metabolic reprogramming in macrophages following pattern recognition receptor activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6438. [PMID: 39085210 PMCID: PMC11291651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses are linked to key metabolic pathways, yet the proximal signaling events that connect these systems remain poorly understood. Here we show that phosphofructokinase 1, liver type (PFKL), a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is phosphorylated at Ser775 in macrophages following several innate stimuli. This phosphorylation increases the catalytic activity of PFKL, as shown by biochemical assays and glycolysis monitoring in cells expressing phosphorylation-defective PFKL variants. Using a genetic mouse model in which PFKL Ser775 phosphorylation cannot take place, we observe that upon activation, glycolysis in macrophages is lower than in the same cell population of wild-type animals. Consistent with their higher glycolytic activity, wild-type cells have higher levels of HIF1α and IL-1β than PfklS775A/S775A after LPS treatment. In an in vivo inflammation model, PfklS775A/S775A mice show reduced levels of MCP-1 and IL-1β. Our study thus identifies a molecular link between innate immune activation and early induction of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Wang
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Flaswinkel
- Faculty of Biology, Human Biology and BioImaging, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Abhinav Joshi
- TranslaTUM, Center of Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matteo Napoli
- Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Center, Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergi Masgrau-Alsina
- Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Center, Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia M Kamper
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Henne
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinz
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marleen Berouti
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas A Schmacke
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Faculty of Biology, Human Biology and BioImaging, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wefers
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Center, Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- TranslaTUM, Center of Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Zhang Z, Su H, Li Q, Li M. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Response of Seed Germination of Peganum harmala to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1649. [PMID: 38931081 PMCID: PMC11207268 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that plays critical roles in protecting the ecological environment in arid, semi-arid, and desert areas. Although the seed germination characteristics of P. harmala in response to environmental factors (i.e., drought, temperature, and salt) have been investigated, the response mechanism of seed germination to drought conditions has not yet been revealed. In this study, the changes in the physiological characteristics and transcriptional profiles in seed germination were examined under different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0-25%). The results show that the seed germination rate was significantly inhibited with an increase in the PEG concentration. Totals of 3726 and 10,481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were, respectively, generated at 5% and 25% PEG vs. the control (C), with 1642 co-expressed DEGs, such as drought stress (15), stress response (175), and primary metabolism (261). The relative expression levels (RELs) of the key genes regulating seed germination in response to drought stress were in accordance with the physiological changes. These findings will pave the way to increase the seed germination rate of P. harmala in drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Qingen Li
- Station of Forestry and Grassland, Alxa Right Banner 737300, China;
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.)
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3
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Hengardi MT, Liang C, Madivannan K, Yang LK, Koduru L, Kanagasundaram Y, Arumugam P. Reversing the directionality of reactions between non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolytic pathway boosts mycosporine-like amino acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:121. [PMID: 38725068 PMCID: PMC11080194 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a class of strongly UV-absorbing compounds produced by cyanobacteria, algae and corals and are promising candidates for natural sunscreen components. Low MAA yields from natural sources, coupled with difficulties in culturing its native producers, have catalyzed synthetic biology-guided approaches to produce MAAs in tractable microbial hosts like Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, the MAA titres obtained in these hosts are still low, necessitating a thorough understanding of cellular factors regulating MAA production. RESULTS To delineate factors that regulate MAA production, we constructed a shinorine (mycosporine-glycine-serine) producing yeast strain by expressing the four MAA biosynthetic enzymes from Nostoc punctiforme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that shinorine is produced from the pentose phosphate pathway intermediate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (S7P), and not from the shikimate pathway intermediate 3-dehydroquinate (3DHQ) as previously suggested. Deletions of transaldolase (TAL1) and phosphofructokinase (PFK1/PFK2) genes boosted S7P/shinorine production via independent mechanisms. Unexpectedly, the enhanced S7P/shinorine production in the PFK mutants was not entirely due to increased flux towards the pentose phosphate pathway. We provide multiple lines of evidence in support of a reversed pathway between glycolysis and the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (NOPPP) that boosts S7P/shinorine production in the phosphofructokinase mutant cells. CONCLUSION Reversing the direction of flux between glycolysis and the NOPPP offers a novel metabolic engineering strategy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miselle Tiana Hengardi
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138869, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrated Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
| | - Cui Liang
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Keshiniy Madivannan
- Innovation & Enterprise, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Lay Kien Yang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138869, Singapore
| | - Lokanand Koduru
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138869, Singapore
| | - Prakash Arumugam
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138869, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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TeSlaa T, Ralser M, Fan J, Rabinowitz JD. The pentose phosphate pathway in health and disease. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1275-1289. [PMID: 37612403 PMCID: PMC11251397 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Ribose 5-phosphate is used for nucleotide synthesis, while NADPH is involved in redox homoeostasis as well as in promoting biosynthetic processes, such as the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, deoxyribonucleotides, proline, fatty acids and cholesterol. Through NADPH, the PPP plays a critical role in suppressing oxidative stress, including in certain cancers, in which PPP inhibition may be therapeutically useful. Conversely, PPP-derived NADPH also supports purposeful cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) for signalling and pathogen killing. Genetic deficiencies in the PPP occur relatively commonly in the committed pathway enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). G6PD deficiency typically manifests as haemolytic anaemia due to red cell oxidative damage but, in severe cases, also results in infections due to lack of leucocyte oxidative burst, highlighting the dual redox roles of the pathway in free radical production and detoxification. This Review discusses the PPP in mammals, covering its roles in biochemistry, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara TeSlaa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgride Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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5
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Structure, Activation, and Regulation of NOX2: At the Crossroad between the Innate Immunity and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020429. [PMID: 36829988 PMCID: PMC9952346 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that participates in the generation of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and plays a key role in several biological functions. Among seven known NOX isoforms, NOX2 was the first identified in phagocytes but is also expressed in several other cell types including endothelial cells, platelets, microglia, neurons, and muscle cells. NOX2 has been assigned multiple roles in regulating many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, and human and mouse models of NOX2 genetic deletion highlighted this key role. On the other side, NOX2 hyperactivation is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases with different etiologies but all are characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory process. From this point of view, the modulation of NOX2 represents an important therapeutic strategy aimed at reducing the damage associated with its hyperactivation. Although pharmacological strategies to selectively modulate NOX2 are implemented thanks to new biotechnologies, this field of research remains to be explored. Therefore, in this review, we analyzed the role of NOX2 at the crossroads between immunity and pathologies mediated by its hyperactivation. We described (1) the mechanisms of activation and regulation, (2) human, mouse, and cellular models studied to understand the role of NOX2 as an enzyme of innate immunity, (3) some of the pathologies associated with its hyperactivation, and (4) the inhibitory strategies, with reference to the most recent discoveries.
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6
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Ferreira BL, Sousa MB, Leite GGF, Brunialti MKC, Nishiduka ES, Tashima AK, van der Poll T, Salomão R. Glucose metabolism is upregulated in the mononuclear cell proteome during sepsis and supports endotoxin-tolerant cell function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051514. [PMID: 36466921 PMCID: PMC9718365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations shape immune cell function. In the acute response, a metabolic switch towards glycolysis is necessary for mounting a proinflammatory response. During the clinical course of sepsis, both suppression and activation of immune responses take place simultaneously. Leukocytes from septic patients present inhibition of cytokine production while other functions such as phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are preserved, similarly to the in vitro endotoxin tolerance model, where a first stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects the response to a second stimulus. Here, we sought to investigate how cellular metabolism is related to the modulation of immune responses in sepsis and endotoxin tolerance. Proteomic analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from septic patients obtained at intensive care unit admission showed an upregulation of proteins related to glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), production of ROS and nitric oxide, and downregulation of proteins in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation compared to healthy volunteers. Using the endotoxin-tolerance model in PBMCs from healthy subjects, we observed increased lactate production in control cells upon LPS stimulation, while endotoxin-tolerant cells presented inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and lactate production along with preserved phagocytic capacity. Inhibition of glycolysis and PPP led to impairment of phagocytosis and cytokine production both in control and in endotoxin-tolerant cells. These data indicate that glucose metabolism supports leukocyte functions even in a condition of endotoxin tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lima Ferreira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Bragança Sousa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Karina Colo Brunialti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Sayuri Nishiduka
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinaldo Salomão
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Cao Z, Huang D, Tang C, Zeng M, Hu X. PFKL, a novel regulatory node for NOX2-dependent oxidative burst and NETosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:607-612. [PMID: 35794690 PMCID: PMC9264108 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cifei Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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8
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Szarka A, Lőrincz T, Hajdinák P. Friend or Foe: The Relativity of (Anti)oxidative Agents and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095188. [PMID: 35563576 PMCID: PMC9099968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An element, iron, a process, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a molecule, ascorbate, were chosen in our study to show their dual functions and their role in cell fate decision. Iron is a critical component of numerous proteins involved in metabolism and detoxification. On the other hand, excessive amounts of free iron in the presence of oxygen can promote the production of potentially toxic ROS. They can result in persistent oxidative stress, which in turn can lead to damage and cell death. At the same time, ROS—at strictly regulated levels—are essential to maintaining the redox homeostasis, and they are engaged in many cellular signaling pathways, so their total elimination is not expedient. Ascorbate establishes a special link between ROS generation/elimination and cell death. At low concentrations, it behaves as an excellent antioxidant and has an important role in ROS elimination. However, at high concentrations, in the presence of transition metals such as iron, it drives the generation of ROS. In the term of the dual function of these molecules and oxidative stress, ascorbate/ROS-driven cell deaths are not necessarily harmful processes—they can be live-savers too.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hajdinák
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Gauthier T, Chen W. Modulation of Macrophage Immunometabolism: A New Approach to Fight Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:780839. [PMID: 35154105 PMCID: PMC8825490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.780839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential innate immune cells that contribute to host defense during infection. An important feature of macrophages is their ability to respond to extracellular cues and to adopt different phenotypes and functions in response to these stimuli. The evidence accumulated in the last decade has highlighted the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming during macrophage activation in infectious context. Thus, understanding and manipulation of macrophage immunometabolism during infection could be of interest to develop therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on 5 major metabolic pathways including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism and discuss how they sustain and regulate macrophage immune function in response to parasitic, bacterial and viral infections as well as trained immunity. At the end, we assess whether some drugs including those used in clinic and in development can target macrophage immunometabolism for potential therapy during infection with an emphasis on SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gauthier
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Phelan JJ, Sheedy FJ. Phagocyte metabolism: neutrophils have their cake but don't eat it. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:846-848. [PMID: 34538594 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selectively targeting facets of neutrophil function could benefit infectious and inflammatory diseases. Amara et al. report on a compound which blocks human neutrophil activation by activating the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase, liver-type (PFKL). Altering glucose fate by modulating this key enzymatic step could dramatically alter the function and fate of phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Amara N, Cooper MP, Voronkova MA, Webb BA, Lynch EM, Kollman JM, Ma T, Yu K, Lai Z, Sangaraju D, Kayagaki N, Newton K, Bogyo M, Staben ST, Dixit VM. Selective activation of PFKL suppresses the phagocytic oxidative burst. Cell 2021; 184:4480-4494.e15. [PMID: 34320407 PMCID: PMC8802628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In neutrophils, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generated via the pentose phosphate pathway fuels NADPH oxidase NOX2 to produce reactive oxygen species for killing invading pathogens. However, excessive NOX2 activity can exacerbate inflammation, as in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we use two unbiased chemical proteomic strategies to show that small-molecule LDC7559, or a more potent designed analog NA-11, inhibits the NOX2-dependent oxidative burst in neutrophils by activating the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 liver type (PFKL) and dampening flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Accordingly, neutrophils treated with NA-11 had reduced NOX2-dependent outputs, including neutrophil cell death (NETosis) and tissue damage. A high-resolution structure of PFKL confirmed binding of NA-11 to the AMP/ADP allosteric activation site and explained why NA-11 failed to agonize phosphofructokinase-1 platelet type (PFKP) or muscle type (PFKM). Thus, NA-11 represents a tool for selective activation of PFKL, the main phosphofructokinase-1 isoform expressed in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Amara
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Madison P Cooper
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Maria A Voronkova
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bradley A Webb
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Eric M Lynch
- Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Taylur Ma
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kebing Yu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Pathology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven T Staben
- Discovery Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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12
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Figueiredo CR, Kalirai H, Sacco JJ, Azevedo RA, Duckworth A, Slupsky JR, Coulson JM, Coupland SE. Loss of BAP1 expression is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment in uveal melanoma, with implications for immunotherapy development. J Pathol 2020; 250:420-439. [PMID: 31960425 PMCID: PMC7216965 DOI: 10.1002/path.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induces durable responses in many metastatic cancers. Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM), typically occurring in the liver, is one of the most refractory tumours to ICIs and has dismal outcomes. Monosomy 3 (M3), polysomy 8q, and BAP1 loss in primary uveal melanoma (pUM) are associated with poor prognoses. The presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within pUM and surrounding mUM - and some evidence of clinical responses to adoptive TIL transfer - strongly suggests that UMs are indeed immunogenic despite their low mutational burden. The mechanisms that suppress TILs in pUM and mUM are unknown. We show that BAP1 loss is correlated with upregulation of several genes associated with suppressive immune responses, some of which build an immune suppressive axis, including HLA-DR, CD38, and CD74. Further, single-cell analysis of pUM by mass cytometry confirmed the expression of these and other markers revealing important functions of infiltrating immune cells in UM, most being regulatory CD8+ T lymphocytes and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Transcriptomic analysis of hepatic mUM revealed similar immune profiles to pUM with BAP1 loss, including the expression of IDO1. At the protein level, we observed TAMs and TILs entrapped within peritumoural fibrotic areas surrounding mUM, with increased expression of IDO1, PD-L1, and β-catenin (CTNNB1), suggesting tumour-driven immune exclusion and hence the immunotherapy resistance. These findings aid the understanding of how the immune response is organised in BAP1 - mUM, which will further enable functional validation of detected biomarkers and the development of focused immunotherapeutic approaches. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Figueiredo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of the Faculty of Medicine, MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Clatterbridge Cancer CentreWirralUK
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe University of Texas–MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Andrew Duckworth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joseph R Slupsky
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Judy M Coulson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUK
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13
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Graham DB, Xavier RJ. Pathway paradigms revealed from the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2020; 578:527-539. [PMID: 32103191 PMCID: PMC7871366 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex genetic disease that is instigated and amplified by the confluence of multiple genetic and environmental variables that perturb the immune-microbiome axis. The challenge of dissecting pathological mechanisms underlying IBD has led to the development of transformative approaches in human genetics and functional genomics. Here we describe IBD as a model disease in the context of leveraging human genetics to dissect interactions in cellular and molecular pathways that regulate homeostasis of the mucosal immune system. Finally, we synthesize emerging insights from multiple experimental approaches into pathway paradigms and discuss future prospects for disease-subtype classification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Korf H, du Plessis J, van Pelt J, De Groote S, Cassiman D, Verbeke L, Ghesquière B, Fendt SM, Bird MJ, Talebi A, Van Haele M, Feio-Azevedo R, Meelberghs L, Roskams T, Mookerjee RP, Mehta G, Jalan R, Gustot T, Laleman W, Nevens F, van der Merwe SW. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase in monocytes from patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure resuscitates their antibacterial and inflammatory capacity. Gut 2019; 68:1872-1883. [PMID: 30580251 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with dysfunctional circulating monocytes whereby patients become highly susceptible to bacterial infections. Here, we identify the pathways underlying monocyte dysfunction in ACLF and we investigate whether metabolic rewiring reinstates their phagocytic and inflammatory capacity. DESIGN Following phenotypic characterisation, we performed RNA sequencing on CD14+CD16- monocytes from patients with ACLF and decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. Additionally, an in vitro model mimicking ACLF patient-derived features was implemented to investigate the efficacy of metabolic regulators on monocyte function. RESULTS Monocytes from patients with ACLF featured elevated frequencies of interleukin (IL)-10-producing cells, reduced human leucocyte antigen DR isotype (HLA-DR) expression and impaired phagocytic and oxidative burst capacity. Transcriptional profiling of isolated CD14+CD16- monocytes in ACLF revealed upregulation of an array of immunosuppressive parameters and compromised antibacterial and antigen presentation machinery. In contrast, monocytes in decompensated cirrhosis showed intact capacity to respond to inflammatory triggers. Culturing healthy monocytes in ACLF plasma mimicked the immunosuppressive characteristics observed in patients, inducing a blunted phagocytic response and metabolic program associated with a tolerant state. Metabolic rewiring of the cells using a pharmacological inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, partially restored the phagocytic and inflammatory capacity of in vitro generated- as well as ACLF patient-derived monocytes. Highlighting its biological relevance, the glutamine synthetase/glutaminase ratio of ACLF patient-derived monocytes positively correlated with disease severity scores. CONCLUSION In ACLF, monocytes feature a distinct transcriptional profile, polarised towards an immunotolerant state and altered metabolism. We demonstrated that metabolic rewiring of ACLF monocytes partially revives their function, opening up new options for therapeutic targeting in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelie Korf
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannie du Plessis
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Groote
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Len Verbeke
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Centrum, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Bird
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Centrum, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Talebi
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Feio-Azevedo
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lore Meelberghs
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver Disease Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gautam Mehta
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver Disease Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver Disease Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thierry Gustot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Laleman
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Schalk Willem van der Merwe
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Novak TE, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Southey BR, Starkey JD, Stockler RM, Alfaro GF, Moisá SJ. Jersey steer ruminal papillae histology and nutrigenomics with diet changes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1694-1707. [PMID: 31483547 PMCID: PMC6899929 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transition from a high forage to a high concentrate diet is an important milestone for beef cattle moving from a stocker system to the feedlot. However, little is known about how this transition affects the rumen epithelial gene expression. This study assessed the effects of the transition from a high forage to a high concentrate diet as well as the transition from a high concentrate to a high forage diet on a variety of genes as well as ruminal papillae morphology in rumen fistulated Jersey steers. Jersey steers (n = 5) were fed either a high forage diet (80% forage and 20% grain) and transitioned to a high concentrate diet (20% forage and 80% grain) or a high concentrate diet (40% forage and 60% grain) and transitioned to a high forage diet (100% forage). Papillae from the rumen were collected for histology and RT‐qPCR analysis. Body weight had a tendency for significant difference (p = .08). Histological analysis did not show changes in papillae length or width in steers transitioning from a high forage to a high concentrate diet or vice versa (p > .05). Genes related to cell membrane structure (CLDN1, CLDN4, DSG1), fatty acid metabolism (CPT1A, ACADSB), glycolysis (PFKL), ketogenesis (HMGCL, HMGCS2, ACAT1), lactate/pyruvate (LDHA), oxidative stress (NQO1), tissue growth (AKT3, EGFR, EREG, IGFBP5, IRS1) and the urea cycle (SLC14A1) were considered in this study. Overall, genes related to fatty acid metabolism (ACADSB) and growth and development (AKT3 and IGFBP5) had a tendency for a treatment × day on trial interaction effect. These profiles may be indicators of rumen epithelial adaptations in response to changes in diet. In conclusion, these results indicate that changes in the composition of the diet can alter the expression of genes with specific functions in rumen epithelial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Novak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Gastón F Alfaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sonia J Moisá
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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16
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Sullivan CR, Mielnik CA, O'Donovan SM, Funk AJ, Bentea E, DePasquale EA, Alganem K, Wen Z, Haroutunian V, Katsel P, Ramsey AJ, Meller J, McCullumsmith RE. Connectivity Analyses of Bioenergetic Changes in Schizophrenia: Identification of Novel Treatments. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:4492-4517. [PMID: 30338483 PMCID: PMC7584383 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We utilized a cell-level approach to examine glycolytic pathways in the DLPFC of subjects with schizophrenia (n = 16) and control (n = 16) and found decreased mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes in pyramidal neurons, but not astrocytes. To replicate these novel bioenergetic findings, we probed independent datasets for bioenergetic targets and found similar abnormalities. Next, we used a novel strategy to build a schizophrenia bioenergetic profile by a tailored application of the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures data portal (iLINCS) and investigated connected cellular pathways, kinases, and transcription factors using Enrichr. Finally, with the goal of identifying drugs capable of "reversing" the bioenergetic schizophrenia signature, we performed a connectivity analysis with iLINCS and identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists as promising therapeutic targets. We administered a PPAR agonist to the GluN1 knockdown model of schizophrenia and found it improved long-term memory. Taken together, our findings suggest that tailored bioinformatics approaches, coupled with the LINCS library of transcriptional signatures of chemical and genetic perturbagens, may be employed to identify novel treatment strategies for schizophrenia and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catharine A Mielnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Adam J Funk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Eduard Bentea
- Neurosciences TA Biology, UCB BioPharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Erica A DePasquale
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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17
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine. Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. It may be related to heredity, environmental triggers, infection, immune dysfunction and other factors. Purinergic receptor (P2X7R) ligand-gated ion channel is closely related to inflammation and widely expressed in intestinal cells. Previous studies have shown that ATP/P2X7R signal is involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, but its specific mechanism needs further study. This article reviews the research progress of P2X7 receptor in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
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18
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Graham DB, Jasso GJ, Mok A, Goel G, Ng ACY, Kolde R, Varma M, Doench JG, Root DE, Clish CB, Carr SA, Xavier RJ. Nitric Oxide Engages an Anti-inflammatory Feedback Loop Mediated by Peroxiredoxin 5 in Phagocytes. Cell Rep 2018; 24:838-850. [PMID: 30044981 PMCID: PMC6156773 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocyte microbiocidal mechanisms and inflammatory cytokine production are temporally coordinated, although their respective interdependencies remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a nitric-oxide-mediated antioxidant response as a negative feedback regulator of inflammatory cytokine production in phagocytes. In this context, Keap1 functions as a cellular redox sensor that responds to elevated reactive nitrogen intermediates by eliciting an adaptive transcriptional program controlled by Nrf2 and comprised of antioxidant genes, including Prdx5. We demonstrate that engaging the antioxidant response is sufficient to suppress Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells and that Prdx5 is required for attenuation of inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, these findings delineate the reciprocal regulation of inflammation and cellular redox systems in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Guadalupe J Jasso
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amanda Mok
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aylwin C Y Ng
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mukund Varma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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19
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Denson LA, Jurickova I, Karns R, Shaw KA, Cutler DJ, Okou D, Dodd A, Quinn K, Mondal K, Aronow BJ, Haberman Y, Linn A, Price A, Bezold R, Lake K, Jackson K, Walters TD, Griffiths A, Baldassano RN, Noe JD, Hyams JS, Crandall WV, Kirschner BS, Heyman MB, Snapper S, Guthery SL, Dubinsky MC, Leleiko NS, Otley AR, Xavier RJ, Stevens C, Daly MJ, Zwick ME, Kugathasan S. Clinical and Genomic Correlates of Neutrophil Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Pediatric Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:2097-2110. [PMID: 29454792 PMCID: PMC5985211 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Individuals with monogenic disorders of phagocyte function develop chronic colitis that resembles Crohn's disease (CD). We tested for associations between mutations in genes encoding reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, neutrophil function, and phenotypes of CD in pediatric patients. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequence analysis to identify mutations in genes encoding NADPH oxidases (such as CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4, RAC1, and RAC2) using DNA from 543 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Blood samples were collected from an additional 129 pediatric patients with CD and 26 children without IBD (controls); we performed assays for neutrophil activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and bacteria uptake and killing. Whole-exome sequence analysis was performed using DNA from 46 of the children with CD to examine associations with NADPH gene mutations; RNA sequence analyses were performed using blood cells from 46 children with CD to test for variations in neutrophil gene expression associated with ROS production. RESULTS We identified 26 missense mutations in CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4. Patients with CD who carried mutations in these genes were 3-fold more likely to have perianal disease (P = .0008) and stricturing complications (P = .002) than children with CD without these mutations. Among patients with CD with none of these mutations, 9% had undergone abdominal surgery; among patients with mutations in these NADPH oxidase genes, 31% had undergone abdominal surgery (P = .0004). A higher proportion of neutrophils from children with CD had low ROS production (47%) than from controls (15%) among the 129 patients tested for ROS (P = .002). Minor alleles of the NADPH genes were detected in 7% of children with CD whose neutrophils produced normal levels of ROS vs 38% of children whose neutrophils produced low levels of ROS (P = .009). Neutrophils that produced low levels of ROS had specific alterations in genes that regulate glucose metabolism and antimicrobial responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified missense mutations in genes that encode NADPH oxidases in children with CD; these were associated with a more aggressive disease course and reduced ROS production by neutrophils from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA,to whom correspondence should be addressed: MLC 2010, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, Tel: 513-636-7575, Fax: 513-636-5581,
| | - Ingrid Jurickova
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly A. Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathryn Quinn
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kajari Mondal
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Linn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam Price
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ramona Bezold
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Lake
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas D. Walters
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert N. Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Wallace V. Crandall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Melvin B. Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Snapper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Neal S. Leleiko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony R. Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark J. Daly
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Aslibekyan S, Do AN, Xu H, Li S, Irvin MR, Zhi D, Tiwari HK, Absher DM, Shuldiner AR, Zhang T, Chen W, Tanner K, Hong C, Mitchell BD, Berenson G, Arnett DK. CPT1A methylation is associated with plasma adiponectin. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:225-233. [PMID: 28139377 PMCID: PMC5330786 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adiponectin, an adipose-secreted protein that has been linked to insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids, and inflammatory patterns, is an established biomarker for metabolic health. Despite clinical relevance and high heritability, the determinants of plasma adiponectin levels remain poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted the first epigenome-wide cross-sectional study of adiponectin levels using methylation data on 368,051 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in CD4+ T-cells from the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN, n = 991). We fit linear mixed models, adjusting for age, sex, study site, T-cell purity, and family. We have identified a positive association (regression coefficient ± SE = 0.01 ± 0.001, P = 3.4 × 10-13) between plasma adiponectin levels and methylation of a CpG site in CPT1A, a key player in fatty acid metabolism. The association was replicated (n = 474, P = 0.0009) in whole blood samples from the Amish participants of the Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study as well as White (n = 592, P = 0.0005) but not Black (n = 243, P = 0.18) participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS). The association remained significant upon adjusting for BMI and smoking in GOLDN and HAPI but not BHS. We also identified associations between methylation loci in RNF145 and UFM1 and plasma adiponectin in GOLDN and White BHS participants, although the association was not robust to adjustment for BMI or smoking. CONCLUSION We have identified and replicated associations between several biologically plausible loci and plasma adiponectin. These findings support the importance of epigenetic processes in metabolic traits, laying the groundwork for future translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
| | - A N Do
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - H Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA
| | - M R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - D Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - H K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - D M Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, USA
| | - A R Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA
| | - W Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA
| | - K Tanner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - B D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Berenson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA
| | - D K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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21
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Identification of the ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF145 as a novel LXR-regulated gene. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172721. [PMID: 28231341 PMCID: PMC5322959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cholesterol metabolism is subject to tight regulation to maintain adequate levels of this central lipid molecule. Herein, the sterol-responsive Liver X Receptors (LXRs) play an important role owing to their ability to reduce cellular cholesterol load. In this context, identifying the full set of LXR-regulated genes will contribute to our understanding of their role in cholesterol metabolism. Using global transcriptional analysis we report here the identification of RNF145 as an LXR-regulated target gene. We demonstrate that RNF145 is regulated by LXRs in both human and mouse primary cells and cell lines, and in vivo in mice. Regulation of RNF145 by LXR depends on a functional LXR-element in its proximal promotor. Consistent with LXR-dependent regulation of Rnf145 we show that regulation is lost in macrophages and fibroblasts from Lxrαβ(-/-) mice, and also in vivo in livers of Lxrα(-/-) mice treated with the LXR synthetic ligand T0901317. RNF145 is closely related to RNF139/TRC8, an E3 ligase implicated in control of SREBP processing. However, silencing of RNF145 in HepG2 or HeLa cells does not impair SREBP1/2 processing and sterol-responsive gene expression in these cells. Similar to TRC8, we demonstrate that RNF145 is localized to the ER and that it possesses intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. In summary, we report the identification of RNF145 as an ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase that is transcriptionally controlled by LXR.
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22
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Ohbori K, Fujiwara M, Ohishi A, Nishida K, Uozumi Y, Nagasawa K. Prophylactic Oral Administration of Magnesium Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice through a Decrease of Colonic Accumulation of P2X7 Receptor-Expressing Mast Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1071-1077. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Ohbori
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Makiko Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akihiro Ohishi
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kentaro Nishida
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Kazuki Nagasawa
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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23
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Fan TWM, Warmoes MO, Sun Q, Song H, Turchan-Cholewo J, Martin JT, Mahan A, Higashi RM, Lane AN. Distinctly perturbed metabolic networks underlie differential tumor tissue damages induced by immune modulator β-glucan in a two-case ex vivo non-small-cell lung cancer study. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 2:a000893. [PMID: 27551682 PMCID: PMC4990809 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and stromal cell metabolism is important for understanding tumor development, which highly depends on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell or animal models cannot recapitulate the human TME. We have developed an ex vivo paired cancerous (CA) and noncancerous (NC) human lung tissue approach to explore cancer and stromal cell metabolism in the native human TME. This approach enabled full control of experimental parameters and acquisition of individual patient's target tissue response to therapeutic agents while eliminating interferences from genetic and physiological variations. In this two-case study of non-small-cell lung cancer, we performed stable isotope-resolved metabolomic (SIRM) experiments on paired CA and NC lung tissues treated with a macrophage activator β-glucan and (13)C6-glucose, followed by ion chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (IC-FTMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses of (13)C-labeling patterns of metabolites. We demonstrated that CA lung tissue slices were metabolically more active than their NC counterparts, which recapitulated the metabolic reprogramming in CA lung tissues observed in vivo. We showed β-glucan-enhanced glycolysis, Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, antioxidant production, and itaconate buildup in patient UK021 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) but not in UK049 with no COPD and much less macrophage infiltration. This metabolic response of UK021 tissues was accompanied by reduced mitotic index, increased necrosis, and enhaced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. We surmise that the reprogrammed networks could reflect β-glucan M1 polarization of human macrophages. This case study presents a unique opportunity for investigating metabolic responses of human macrophages to immune modulators in their native microenvironment on an individual patient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Huan Song
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jadwiga Turchan-Cholewo
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jeremiah T Martin
- Department of Surgery and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Angela Mahan
- Department of Surgery and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Extracellular ATP mediates inflammatory responses in colitis via P2 × 7 receptor signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19108. [PMID: 26739809 PMCID: PMC4703960 DOI: 10.1038/srep19108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular purinergic products, particularly ATP, have recently been implicated to regulate immune cell functions and contribute to aberrant inflammatory responses of immune diseases. However, regulation of immune responses of colitis by extracellular ATP and its main receptor, P2 × 7, remains to be elucidated. In the study, we induced murine colitis by feeding mice with 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and noted dramatically heightened extracellular ATP levels in colon tissues during the progression of experimental colitis. Blockade of ATP release by carbenoxolone (CBX) treatment, or promoting ATP degradation by ATP diphosphohydrolase (apyrase), decreased extracellular ATP levels in colon tissues, attenuated DSS-induced colitis, whereas inhibition of extracellular ATP degradation by sodium metatungstate (POM-1) exacerbated tissue damage in the mice with colitis. Moreover, treatment with inhibitor of P2 × 7 receptor, A438079, decreased NFκB activation and active caspase-1 expression in lamina propria immune cells, downregulated proinflammatory cytokine production in colon tissues, and attenuated murine colitis. Collectively, these data suggest extracellular ATP participates in regulation of inflammatory responses of experimental colitis, through P2 × 7 receptor and inflammasome and NFκB signaling, which provides potential alternatives to the current clinical approaches to suppress extracellular ATP-mediated immune responsiveness.
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25
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Abstract
CRISPR-based approaches have quickly become a favored method to perturb genes to uncover their functions. Here, we review the key considerations in the design of genome editing experiments, and survey the tools and resources currently available to assist users of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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