1
|
Lee TY, Choi J, Lee S, Jeon H, Kim S. Recording and Revealing 2.5D Nanopatterned Hidden Information on Silk Protein Bioresists. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403169. [PMID: 38973079 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanopatterning on biomaterials has attracted significant attention as it can lead to the development of biomedical devices capable of performing diagnostic and therapeutic functions while being biocompatible. Among various nanopatterning techniques, electron-beam lithography (EBL) enables precise and versatile nanopatterning in desired shapes. Various biomaterials are successfully nanopatterned as bioresists by using EBL. However, the use of high-energy electron beams (e-beams) for high-resolutive patterning has incorporated functional materials and has caused adverse effects on biomaterials. Moreover, the scattering of electrons not absorbed by the bioresist leads to proximity effects, thus deteriorating pattern quality. Herein, EBL-based nanopatterning is reported by inducing molecular degradation of amorphous silk fibroin, followed by selectively inducing secondary structures. High-resolution EBL nanopatterning is achievable, even at low-energy e-beam (5 keV) and low doses, as it minimizes the proximity effect and enables precise 2.5D nanopatterning via grayscale lithography. Additionally, integrating nanophotonic structures into fluorescent material-containing silk allows for fluorescence amplification. Furthermore, this post-exposure cross-linking way indicates that the silk bioresist can maintain nanopatterned information stored in silk molecules in the amorphous state, utilizing for the secure storage of nanopatterned information as a security patch. Based on the fabrication technique, versatile biomaterial-based nanodevices for biomedical applications can be envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yun Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Centre, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwan Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohoon Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonsu Jeon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Centre, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rostami M, Marković A, Wang Y, Pernollet J, Zhang X, Liu X, Brugger J. Multi- and Gray-Scale Thermal Lithography of Silk Fibroin as Water-Developable Resist for Micro and Nanofabrication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303518. [PMID: 38234204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural material with polymorphic structures that determine its water solubility and biodegradability, which can be altered by exposing it to heat. Here, a hybrid thermal lithography method combining scalable microscale laser-based patterning with nanoscale patterning based on thermal scanning probe lithography is developed. The latter enables in addition grayscale patterns to be made. The resolution limit of the writing in silk fibroin is studied by using a nanoscale heat source from a scanned nanoprobe. The heat thereby induces local water solubility change in the film, which can subsequently be developed in deionized water. Nanopatterns and grayscale patterns down to 50 nm lateral resolution are successfully written in the silk fibroin that behaves like a positive tone resist. The resulting patterned silk fibroin is then applied as a mask for dry etching of SiO2 to form a hard mask for further nano-processing. A very high selectivity of 42:1 between SiO2 and silk fibroin is obtained allowing for high-aspect ratio structure to be fabricated. The fabricated nanostructures have very low line edge roughness of 5 ± 2 nm. The results demonstrate the potential of silk fibroin as a water-soluble resist for hybrid thermal lithography and precise micro/nanofabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Rostami
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Marković
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ya Wang
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Current affiliation: Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Joffrey Pernollet
- Center for Micro and Nanotechnology (CMi), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim BJ, Bonacchini GE, Ostrovsky-Snider NA, Omenetto FG. Bimodal Gating Mechanism in Hybrid Thin-Film Transistors Based on Dynamically Reconfigurable Nanoscale Biopolymer Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302062. [PMID: 37640508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increased control over naturally derived structural protein formulations and their self-assembly has enabled the application of high-resolution manufacturing techniques to silk-based materials, leading to bioactive interfaces with unprecedented miniaturized formats and functionalities. Here, a hybrid biopolymer-semiconductor device, obtained by integrating nanoscale silk layers in a well-established class of inorganic field-effect transistors (silk-FETs), is presented. The devices offer two distinct modes of operation-either traditional field-effect or electrolyte-gated-enabled by the precisely controlled thickness, morphology, and biochemistry of the integrated silk layers. The different operational modes are selectively accessed by dynamically modulating the free-water content within the nanoscale protein layer from the vapor phase. The utility of these hybrid devices is illustrated in a highly sensitive and ultrafast breath sensor, highlighting the opportunities offered by the integration of nanoscale biomaterial interfaces in conjunction with traditional semiconductor devices, enabling functional outcomes at the intersection between the worlds of microelectronics and biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beom Joon Kim
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | | | | | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang M, Lee DM, Hyun I, Rubab N, Kim SH, Kim SW. Advances in Bioresorbable Triboelectric Nanogenerators. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11559-11618. [PMID: 37756249 PMCID: PMC10571046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demand for next-generation health care, the integration of electronic components into implantable medical devices (IMDs) has become a vital factor in achieving sophisticated healthcare functionalities such as electrophysiological monitoring and electroceuticals worldwide. However, these devices confront technological challenges concerning a noninvasive power supply and biosafe device removal. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure continuous operation and patient comfort and minimize the physical and economic burden on the patient and the healthcare system. This Review highlights the promising capabilities of bioresorbable triboelectric nanogenerators (B-TENGs) as temporary self-clearing power sources and self-powered IMDs. First, we present an overview of and progress in bioresorbable triboelectric energy harvesting devices, focusing on their working principles, materials development, and biodegradation mechanisms. Next, we examine the current state of on-demand transient implants and their biomedical applications. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives of B-TENGs, aimed at expanding their technological scope and developing innovative solutions. This Review discusses advancements in materials science, chemistry, and microfabrication that can advance the scope of energy solutions available for IMDs. These innovations can potentially change the current health paradigm, contribute to enhanced longevity, and reshape the healthcare landscape soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minki Kang
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inah Hyun
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Najaf Rubab
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon
University, Seongnam 13120, Republic
of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q, Shi H, Xi S, Jiang J, Zhang L, Liu Y. Stimulated-responsive refractive-diffractive biological hydrogel micro-optical element enabling achromatism via femtosecond laser lithography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29368-29379. [PMID: 37710738 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel biological hydrogel-based achromatic refractive-diffractive micro-optical element with single-material apochromatism. Benefiting from the stimulated responsive property of the hydrogel, pH modulation yielded swelling and affected the refractive index of the element, enabling multi-wavelength focusing performance tuning and chromatic aberration adjustment. Using femtosecond laser lithography, we fabricated a separate hydrogel microlens and Fresnel zone plate and measured the tunable focusing performance while varying pH; the results were consistent with our simulation results. Furthermore, we designed and fabricated a hydrogel-based achromatic refractive-diffractive micro-optical element and demonstrated achromatism with respect to three wavelengths using only one material consisting of a microlens and a Fresnel zone plate. We characterized the optical focusing properties and observed smaller chromatic aberration. The potential applications of such hybrid microoptical elements include biomedical imaging and optical biology sensing.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Dai X, Wang H, Wang J, Chen Q, Chen F, Yi Q, Tang R, Gao L, Ma L, Wang C, Wang X, He G, Fei Y, Guan Y, Zhang B, Dai Y, Tu X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zou G. All-Water Etching-Free Electron Beam Lithography for On-Chip Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4933-4941. [PMID: 36802505 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam lithography uses an accelerated electron beam to fabricate patterning on an electron-beam-sensitive resist but requires complex dry etching or lift-off processes to transfer the pattern to the substrate or film on the substrate. In this study, etching-free electron beam lithography is developed to directly write a pattern of various materials in all-water processes, achieving the desired semiconductor nanopatterns on a silicon wafer. Introduced sugars are copolymerized with metal ions-coordinated polyethylenimine under the action of electron beams. The all-water process and thermal treatment result in nanomaterials with satisfactory electronic properties, indicating that diverse on-chip semiconductors (e.g., metal oxides, sulfides, and nitrides) can be directly printed on-chip by an aqueous solution system. As a demonstration, zinc oxide patterns can be achieved with a line width of 18 nm and a mobility of 3.94 cm2 V-1 s-1. This etching-free electron beam lithography strategy provides an efficient alternative for micro/nanofabrication and chip manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Dai
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University, Suzhou 215104, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fengnan Chen
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qinghua Yi
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Rujun Tang
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guanglong He
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Fei
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanqiu Guan
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuecou Tu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Labao Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guifu Zou
- School of Energy, School of Physical Science and Technology, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan X, Deng C, Gao H, Jiao B, Liu Y, Chen F, Deng L, Xiong W. 3D printing of nanowrinkled architectures via laser direct assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9942. [PMID: 35947660 PMCID: PMC9365276 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Structural wrinkles in nature have been widely imitated to enhance the surface functionalities of objects, especially three-dimensional (3D) architectured wrinkles, holding promise for emerging applications in mechanical, electrical, and biological processes. However, the fabrication of user-defined 3D nanowrinkled architectures is a long-pending challenge. Here, we propose a bottom-up laser direct assembly strategy to fabricate multidimensional nanowrinkled architectures in a single-material one-step process. Through the introduction of laser-induced thermal transition into a 3D nanoprinting process for leading the point-by-point nanoscale wrinkling and the self-organization of wrinkle structures, we have demonstrated the program-controlled and on-demand fabrication of multidimensional nanowrinkled structures. Moreover, the precise control of wrinkle morphology with an optimal wavelength of 40 nanometers and the regulation of the dynamic transformation of wrinkled cellular microstructures via interfacial stress mismatch engineering have been achieved. This study provides a universal protocol for constructing nearly arbitrary nanowrinkled architectures and facilitates a new paradigm in nanostructure manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Fan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunsan Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Binzhang Jiao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuncheng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fayu Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Leimin Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bucciarelli A, Motta A. Use of Bombyx mori silk fibroin in tissue engineering: From cocoons to medical devices, challenges, and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212982. [PMID: 35882138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has become a prominent material in tissue engineering (TE) over the last 20 years with almost 10,000 published works spanning in all the TE applications, from skeleton to neuronal regeneration. Fibroin is an extremely versatile biopolymer that, due to its ease of processing, has enabled the development of an entire plethora of materials whose properties and architectures can be tailored to suit target applications. Although the research and development of fibroin TE materials and devices is mature, apart from sutures, only a few medical products made of fibroin are used in the clinical routines. <40 clinical trials of Bombyx mori silk-related products have been reported by the FDA and few of them resulted in a commercialized device. In this review, after explaining the structure and properties of silk fibroin, we provide an overview of both fibroin constructs existing in the literature and fibroin devices used in clinic. Through the comparison of these two categories, we identified the burning issues faced by fibroin products during their translation to the market. Two main aspects will be considered. The first is the standardization of production processes, which leads both to the standardization of the characteristics of the issued device and the correct assessment of its failure. The second is the FDA regulations, which allow new devices to be marketed through the 510(k) clearance by demonstrating their equivalence to a commercialized medical product. The history of some fibroin medical devices will be taken as a case study. Finally, we will outline a roadmap outlining what actions we believe are needed to bring fibroin products to the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bucciarelli
- CNR nanotech, National Council of Research, University Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech research centre and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grebenko AK, Motovilov KA, Bubis AV, Nasibulin AG. Gentle Patterning Approaches toward Compatibility with Bio-Organic Materials and Their Environmental Aspects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200476. [PMID: 35315215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in material science, bioelectronic, and implantable medicine combined with recent requests for eco-friendly materials and technologies inevitably formulate new challenges for nano- and micropatterning techniques. Overall, the importance of creating micro- and nanostructures is motivated by a large manifold of fundamental and applied properties accessible only at the nanoscale. Lithography is a crucial family of fabrication methods to create prototypes and produce devices on an industrial scale. The pure trend in the miniaturization of critical electronic semiconducting components has been recently enhanced by implementing bio-organic systems in electronics. So far, significant efforts have been made to find novel lithographic approaches and develop old ones to reach compatibility with delicate bio-organic systems and minimize the impact on the environment. Herein, such delicate materials and sophisticated patterning techniques are briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem K Grebenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Motovilov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Anton V Bubis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Academician Ossipyan str., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel str. 3, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maillard reaction-derived laser lithography for printing functional inorganics. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Mu X, Gonzalez-Obeso C, Xia Z, Sahoo JK, Li G, Cebe P, Zhang YS, Kaplan DL. 3D Printing of Monolithic Proteinaceous Cantilevers Using Regenerated Silk Fibroin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072148. [PMID: 35408547 PMCID: PMC9000323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin, regenerated from Bombyx mori, has shown considerable promise as a printable, aqueous-based ink using a bioinspired salt-bath system in our previous work. Here, we further developed and characterized silk fibroin inks that exhibit concentration-dependent fluorescence spectra at the molecular level. These insights supported extrusion-based 3D printing using concentrated silk fibroin solutions as printing inks. 3D monolithic proteinaceous structures with high aspect ratios were successfully printed using these approaches, including cantilevers only supported at one end. This work provides further insight and broadens the utility of 3D printing with silk fibroin inks for the microfabrication of proteinaceous structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (C.G.-O.); (Z.X.); (J.K.S.); (G.L.)
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Constancio Gonzalez-Obeso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (C.G.-O.); (Z.X.); (J.K.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhiyu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (C.G.-O.); (Z.X.); (J.K.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (C.G.-O.); (Z.X.); (J.K.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (C.G.-O.); (Z.X.); (J.K.S.); (G.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.S.Z.); (D.L.K.)
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (C.G.-O.); (Z.X.); (J.K.S.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.Z.); (D.L.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fan Y, Zhang C, Gao Z, Zhou W, Hou Y, Zhou Z, Yao J, Zhao YS. Randomly Induced Phase Transformation in Silk Protein-Based Microlaser Arrays for Anticounterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102586. [PMID: 34477249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anticounterfeiting labels based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) exhibit high security with unreplicable code outputs, making them an ideal platform to realize unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Although various schemes are proposed for PUF labels, the utilization of natural randomness suffers from unpredictable signal extraction sites, which poses a challenge to efficient and convenient authentication for practical anticounterfeiting applications. Here, a covert optical PUF-based cryptographic protocol from silk protein-based microlaser (SML) arrays that possess hidden randomness of lasers for unclonable lasing signals as well as a defined location for efficient identification is proposed. The initial SMLs are patterned by casting laser dye-doped regenerated silk fibroin solution, resulting in a uniform microlaser array with regulated positions. With the SML array as substrate, random methanol microdroplets are stochastically sprayed on the SML array, which eventually induces uneven lasing signal changes of the patterned microlasers. The treated SML array possesses the deterministic readout sites of laser signals and unrepeatable signal distribution characteristics, which can guarantee efficient authentication and high security when serving as an anticounterfeiting label.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Somers P, Liang Z, Johnson JE, Boudouris BW, Pan L, Xu X. Rapid, continuous projection multi-photon 3D printing enabled by spatiotemporal focusing of femtosecond pulses. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:199. [PMID: 34561417 PMCID: PMC8463698 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is demand for scaling up 3D printing throughput, especially for the multi-photon 3D printing process that provides sub-micrometer structuring capabilities required in diverse fields. In this work, high-speed projection multi-photon printing is combined with spatiotemporal focusing for fabrication of 3D structures in a rapid, layer-by-layer, and continuous manner. Spatiotemporal focusing confines printing to thin layers, thereby achieving print thicknesses on the micron and sub-micron scale. Through projection of dynamically varying patterns with no pause between patterns, a continuous fabrication process is established. A numerical model for computing spatiotemporal focusing and imaging is also presented which is verified by optical imaging and printing results. Complex 3D structures with smooth features are fabricated, with millimeter scale printing realized at a rate above 10-3 mm3 s-1. This method is further scalable, indicating its potential to make fabrications of 3D structures with micro/nanoscale features in a practical time scale a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Somers
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zihao Liang
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason E Johnson
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Liang Pan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xianfan Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qin N, Qian ZG, Zhou C, Xia XX, Tao TH. 3D electron-beam writing at sub-15 nm resolution using spider silk as a resist. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5133. [PMID: 34446721 PMCID: PMC8390743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron beam lithography (EBL) is renowned to provide fabrication resolution in the deep nanometer scale. One major limitation of current EBL techniques is their incapability of arbitrary 3d nanofabrication. Resolution, structure integrity and functionalization are among the most important factors. Here we report all-aqueous-based, high-fidelity manufacturing of functional, arbitrary 3d nanostructures at a resolution of sub-15 nm using our developed voltage-regulated 3d EBL. Creating arbitrary 3d structures of high resolution and high strength at nanoscale is enabled by genetically engineering recombinant spider silk proteins as the resist. The ability to quantitatively define structural transitions with energetic electrons at different depths within the 3d protein matrix enables polymorphic spider silk proteins to be shaped approaching the molecular level. Furthermore, genetic or mesoscopic modification of spider silk proteins provides the opportunity to embed and stabilize physiochemical and/or biological functions within as-fabricated 3d nanostructures. Our approach empowers the rapid and flexible fabrication of heterogeneously functionalized and hierarchically structured 3d nanocomponents and nanodevices, offering opportunities in biomimetics, therapeutic devices and nanoscale robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mu X, Agostinacchio F, Xiang N, Pei Y, Khan Y, Guo C, Cebe P, Motta A, Kaplan DL. Recent Advances in 3D Printing with Protein-Based Inks. Prog Polym Sci 2021; 115:101375. [PMID: 33776158 PMCID: PMC7996313 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a transformative manufacturing strategy, allowing rapid prototyping, customization, and flexible manipulation of structure-property relationships. Proteins are particularly appealing to formulate inks for 3D printing as they serve as essential structural components of living systems, provide a support presence in and around cells and for tissue functions, and also provide the basis for many essential ex vivo secreted structures in nature. Protein-based inks are beneficial in vivo due to their mechanics, chemical and physical match to the specific tissue, and full degradability, while also to promoting implant-host integration and serving as an interface between technology and biology. Exploiting the biological, chemical, and physical features of protein-based inks can provide key opportunities to meet the needs of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite these benefits, protein-based inks impose nontrivial challenges to 3D printing such as concentration and rheological features and reconstitution of the structural hierarchy observed in nature that is a source of the robust mechanics and functions of these materials. This review introduces photo-crosslinking mechanisms and rheological principles that underpins a variety of 3D printing techniques. The review also highlights recent advances in the design, development, and biomedical utility of monolithic and composite inks from a range of proteins, including collagen, silk, fibrinogen, and others. One particular focus throughout the review is to introduce unique material characteristics of proteins, including amino acid sequences, molecular assembly, and secondary conformations, which are useful for designing printing inks and for controlling the printed structures. Future perspectives of 3D printing with protein-based inks are also provided to support the promising spectrum of biomedical research accessible to these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Francesca Agostinacchio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Ning Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Ying Pei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yousef Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Chengchen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ni J, Hu Y, Liu S, Lao Z, Ji S, Pan D, Zhang C, Xu B, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. Controllable double-helical microstructures by photonic orbital angular momentum for chiroptical response. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1401-1404. [PMID: 33720197 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional helical microstructures are abundant in nature and can be applied as chiral metamaterials for advanced nanophotonics. Here we report a flexible method to fabricate double-helical microstructures with single exposure by recording the chirality of incident optical vortices. Two coaxial optical vortices can interfere to generate a helical optical field, confirmed by the numerical simulation. The diameters of double-helical microstructures can be tailored by the magnitude of topological charges. This fast manufacturing strategy provides the opportunity to efficiently yield helical microstructures. Finally, the chirality of double-helical microstructures can be reversibly read by optical vortices, demonstrating a strong chiroptical response.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mu X, Sahoo JK, Cebe P, Kaplan DL. Photo-Crosslinked Silk Fibroin for 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2936. [PMID: 33316890 PMCID: PMC7763742 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin in material formats provides robust mechanical properties, and thus is a promising protein for 3D printing inks for a range of applications, including tissue engineering, bioelectronics, and bio-optics. Among the various crosslinking mechanisms, photo-crosslinking is particularly useful for 3D printing with silk fibroin inks due to the rapid kinetics, tunable crosslinking dynamics, light-assisted shape control, and the option to use visible light as a biocompatible processing condition. Multiple photo-crosslinking approaches have been applied to native or chemically modified silk fibroin, including photo-oxidation and free radical methacrylate polymerization. The molecular characteristics of silk fibroin, i.e., conformational polymorphism, provide a unique method for crosslinking and microfabrication via light. The molecular design features of silk fibroin inks and the exploitation of photo-crosslinking mechanisms suggest the exciting potential for meeting many biomedical needs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (X.M.); (J.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Humenik M, Winkler A, Scheibel T. Patterning of protein-based materials. Biopolymers 2020; 112:e23412. [PMID: 33283876 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanopatterning of proteins on surfaces allows to develop for example high-throughput biosensors in biomedical diagnostics and in general advances the understanding of cell-material interactions in tissue engineering. Today, many techniques are available to generate protein pattern, ranging from technically simple ones, such as micro-contact printing, to highly tunable optical lithography or even technically sophisticated scanning probe lithography. Here, one focus is on the progress made in the development of protein-based materials as positive or negative photoresists allowing micro- to nanostructured scaffolds for biocompatible photonic, electronic and tissue engineering applications. The second one is on approaches, which allow a controlled spatiotemporal positioning of a single protein on surfaces, enabled by the recent developments in immobilization techniques coherent with the sensitive nature of proteins, defined protein orientation and maintenance of the protein activity at interfaces. The third one is on progress in photolithography-based methods, which allow to control the formation of protein-repellant/adhesive polymer brushes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Humenik
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Erben A, Hörning M, Hartmann B, Becke T, Eisler SA, Southan A, Cranz S, Hayden O, Kneidinger N, Königshoff M, Lindner M, Tovar GEM, Burgstaller G, Clausen‐Schaumann H, Sudhop S, Heymann M. Precision 3D-Printed Cell Scaffolds Mimicking Native Tissue Composition and Mechanics. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000918. [PMID: 33025765 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular dynamics are modeled by the 3D architecture and mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vice versa. These bidirectional cell-ECM interactions are the basis for all vital tissues, many of which have been investigated in 2D environments over the last decades. Experimental approaches to mimic in vivo cell niches in 3D with the highest biological conformity and resolution can enable new insights into these cell-ECM interactions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion assays. Here, two-photon stereolithography is adopted to print up to mm-sized high-precision 3D cell scaffolds at micrometer resolution with defined mechanical properties from protein-based resins, such as bovine serum albumin or gelatin methacryloyl. By modifying the manufacturing process including two-pass printing or post-print crosslinking, high precision scaffolds with varying Young's moduli ranging from 7-300 kPa are printed and quantified through atomic force microscopy. The impact of varying scaffold topographies on the dynamics of colonizing cells is observed using mouse myoblast cells and a 3D-lung microtissue replica colonized with primary human lung fibroblast. This approach will allow for a systematic investigation of single-cell and tissue dynamics in response to defined mechanical and bio-molecular cues and is ultimately scalable to full organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Erben
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Marcel Hörning
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Bastian Hartmann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Tanja Becke
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stephan A. Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 15 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Séverine Cranz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V Ludwig‐Maximillians‐University Munich Marchioninistr. 15 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University of Colorado Department of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine 13001 E. 17th Pl. Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - Michael Lindner
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University Müllner Hauptstraße 48 Salzburg A‐5020 Austria
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD) Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen‐Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stefanie Sudhop
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics MPI of Biochemistry Martinsried Am Klopferspitz 18 Planegg 82152 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Structural Study of the Photo-Mediated Growth of Silver Nanoprisms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225413. [PMID: 33228058 PMCID: PMC7699315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study of the anisotropic photoinduced growth of silver (Ag) nanoprisms in aqueous dispersions. The growth of nearly spherical (<10 nm) Ag particles into large (>40 nm) and thin (<10 nm) triangular nanoprisms induced by 550 nm laser is followed in terms of particle size using indirect and direct methods for irradiation times up to 150 min. During the process, the surface-to-volume ratio of the particles decreased. The SAXS data of the initial solution fit well to the model of polydisperse spheres with pronounced average diameters around 7.4 nm and 10 nm. The data after 45 min irradiation fit well to the model containing approximately the same amount of the initial particles and the end product, the nanoprisms.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen T, Zhao P, Li K, Si J, Hu J, Gao B, Gao Y, Hou X. Fabrication of three-dimensional metal structures embedded in hydrogel by using femtosecond laser ablation and electroplating. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6286-6289. [PMID: 33186971 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a method of fabricating three-dimensional (3D) metal structures in hydrogels with good conductivity by using femtosecond laser ablation and electroplating. The hydrogel containing Ag+ was first ablated by a femtosecond laser to form microchannels with an entrance achieving surface and then sandwiched between the anode and cathode to operate electroplating. Silver structures were formed along the microchannel from the microchannel entrance close to the cathode due to reduction of Ag+. The average resistivity of metal structures is measured to be about 4×10-7Ωm. A tetrahedron metallic microstructure embedded in hydrogel by this method was demonstrated to show its ability of 3D micromachining.
Collapse
|
22
|
Santos MV, Paula KT, de Andrade MB, Gomes EM, Marques LF, Ribeiro SJL, Mendonça CR. Direct Femtosecond Laser Printing of Silk Fibroin Microstructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50033-50038. [PMID: 33090755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of functional silk fibroin microstructures has extensive applications in biotechnology and photonics. Considerable progress has been made based on lithographic methods and self-assembly approaches. However, most methods require chemical modification of silk fibroin, which restricts the functionalities of the designed materials. At the same time, femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer (fs-LIFT) has been explored as a simple and attractive processing tool for microprinting of high-resolution structures. In this paper, we propose the use of LIFT with fs-pulses for creating high-resolution structures of regenerated silk fibroin (SF). Furthermore, upon adding Eu3+/Tb3+ complexes to SF, we have been able to demonstrate the printing by LIFT of luminescent SF structures with a resolution on the order of 2 μm and without material degradation. This approach provides a facile method for printing well-defined two-dimensional (2D) micropatterns of pure and functionalized SF, which can be used in a wide range of optical and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moliria V Santos
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Kelly T Paula
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B de Andrade
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel M Gomes
- Grupo de Materiais Inorgânicos Multifuncionais, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Lippy F Marques
- Grupo de Materiais Inorgânicos Multifuncionais, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Cleber R Mendonça
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hou ZS, Sun YL, Li QS, Fan X, Cheng R. Smart bio-gel optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometers multiphoton-lithographically customized with chemo-mechanical-opto transduction and bio-triggered degradation. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3815-3823. [PMID: 32926039 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially gels, are enabling new-concept energy-transducing "smart" optics. Full exploitation of their molecule-derived tuning and integration with traditional micro/nano-optics/optoelectronics rely on the implementation of devices by advanced "intelligent" micro/nano-manufacturing technologies, especially photolithographies with wide compatibility. In light of the increasing need for an organic combination of smart optical materials and digital micro/nano-manufacturing, novel "smart" optical micro-switches, namely, stimulus-actuated Mach-Zehnder interferometers as a proof-of-concept demonstration, were prototyped with protein-based hydrogels via aqueous multiphoton femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW). Protein-based Mach-Zehnder-interferometric smart optical devices here display a morphological quality sufficient for optical applications (average surface roughness ≤∼20 nm), nano-precision three-dimensional (3D) geometry of these millimeter-scale devices and purposely structured distribution of photo-crosslinking degree. Moreover, the device configuration was customized with unbalanced branches in which meticulous stimulus-responsive ability can be realized by simply tuning the surrounding chemical stimuli (i.e., Na2SO4 concentration here). The "heterogeneous" configuration with unbalanced branches (i.e., different optical and stimulus-responsive features) exhibits as-designed "smart" switching of propagated near-infrared light (∼808 nm). These capabilities, along with total biodegradation, indicate the application promise of this gel-based optic construction strategy towards novel "intelligent", bio/eco-friendly, self-tuning or sensing photonic integrated systems like optofluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu M, Li MT, Xu S, Yang H, Sun HB. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces via Laser-Structuring. Front Chem 2020; 8:835. [PMID: 33195040 PMCID: PMC7596381 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces are an artificial functional surface that mainly extracts morphological designs from natural organisms. In both laboratory research and industry, there is a need to develop ways of giving large-area surfaces water repellence. Currently, surface modification methods are subject to many challenging requirements such as a need for chemical-free treatment or high surface roughness. Laser micro-nanofabrications are a potential way of addressing these challenges, as they involve non-contact processing and outstanding patterning ability. This review briefly discusses multiple laser patterning methods, which could be used for surface structuring toward creating superhydrophobic surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monan Liu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mu-Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lau K, Akhavan B, Lord MS, Bilek MM, Rnjak-Kovacina J. Dry Surface Treatments of Silk Biomaterials and Their Utility in Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5431-5452. [PMID: 33320554 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silk-based materials are widely used in biomaterial and tissue engineering applications due to their cytocompatibility and tunable mechanical and biodegradation properties. Aqueous-based processing techniques have enabled the fabrication of silk into a broad range of material formats, making it a highly versatile material platform across multiple industries. Utilizing the full potential of silk in biomedical applications frequently requires modification of silk's surface properties. Dry surface modification techniques, including irradiation and plasma treatment, offer an alternative to the conventional wet chemistry strategies to modify the physical and chemical properties of silk materials without compromising their bulk properties. While dry surface modification techniques are more prevalent in textiles and sterilization applications, the range of modifications available and resultant changes to silk materials all point to the utility of dry surface modification for the development of new, functional silk biomaterials. Dry surface treatment affects the surface chemistry, secondary structure, molecular weight, topography, surface energy, and mechanical properties of silk materials. This Review describes and critically evaluates the effect of physical dry surface modification techniques, including irradiation and plasma processes, on silk materials and discusses their utility in biomedical applications, including recent examples of modulation of cell/protein interactions on silk biomaterials, in vivo performance of implanted biomaterials, and applications in material biofunctionalization and lithographic surface patterning approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Lau
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marcela M Bilek
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mu X, Fitzpatrick V, Kaplan DL. From Silk Spinning to 3D Printing: Polymer Manufacturing using Directed Hierarchical Molecular Assembly. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901552. [PMID: 32109007 PMCID: PMC7415583 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silk spinning offers an evolution-based manufacturing strategy for industrial polymer manufacturing, yet remains largely inaccessible as the manufacturing mechanisms in biological and synthetic systems, especially at the molecular level, are fundamentally different. The appealing characteristics of silk spinning include the sustainable sourcing of the protein material, the all-aqueous processing into fibers, and the unique material properties of silks in various formats. Substantial progress has been made to mimic silk spinning in artificial manufacturing processes, despite the gap between natural and artificial systems. This report emphasizes the universal spinning conditions utilized by both spiders and silkworms to generate silk fibers in nature, as a scientific and technical framework for directing molecular assembly into high-performance structures. The preparation of regenerated silk feedstocks and mimicking native spinning conditions in artificial manufacturing are discussed, as is progress and challenges in fiber spinning and 3D printing of silk-composites. Silk spinning is a biomimetic model for advanced and sustainable artificial polymer manufacturing, offering benefits in biomedical applications for tissue scaffolds and implantable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nishiguchi A, Kapiti G, Höhner JR, Singh S, Moeller M. In Situ 3D-Printing using a Bio-ink of Protein-photosensitizer Conjugates for Single-cell Manipulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2378-2384. [PMID: 32832880 PMCID: PMC7434051 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Living tissues dynamically modulate their structure and functions through physical and biochemical interactions in the three-dimensional (3D)-microenvironment for their homeostasis or the developmental process of an embryo. However, the manipulation of cellular functions in vitro is still challenging due to the lack of a dynamic material system that can vary the 3D-cellular microenvironment in time and space. Here, we show an in situ 3D-printing technique based on multiphoton lithography using a biocompatible photoresist, bio-ink. The bio-ink composed of protein-photosensitizer conjugates has the ability to cause singlet oxygen and cross-linking reaction to fabricate protein gels with submicrometer-scale precision. Remarkably, the conjugates substantially improve the cytocompatibility and the efficiency of gelation due to the stealth effect of rose bengal (RB) and efficient transfer of singlet oxygen to bovine serum albumin (BSA). 3D-printing in the presence of cells allows for the microfabrication of a protein scaffold and controlled single-cell behavior. This dynamic material system to direct cell fate may offer emerging applications for drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nishiguchi
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Gent Kapiti
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen Germany
| | - J. Robin Höhner
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Martin Moeller
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiong R, Luan J, Kang S, Ye C, Singamaneni S, Tsukruk VV. Biopolymeric photonic structures: design, fabrication, and emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:983-1031. [PMID: 31960001 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological photonic structures can precisely control light propagation, scattering, and emission via hierarchical structures and diverse chemistry, enabling biophotonic applications for transparency, camouflaging, protection, mimicking and signaling. Corresponding natural polymers are promising building blocks for constructing synthetic multifunctional photonic structures owing to their renewability, biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, ambient processing conditions, and diverse surface chemistry. In this review, we provide a summary of the light phenomena in biophotonic structures found in nature, the selection of corresponding biopolymers for synthetic photonic structures, the fabrication strategies for flexible photonics, and corresponding emerging photonic-related applications. We introduce various photonic structures, including multi-layered, opal, and chiral structures, as well as photonic networks in contrast to traditionally considered light absorption and structural photonics. Next, we summarize the bottom-up and top-down fabrication approaches and physical properties of organized biopolymers and highlight the advantages of biopolymers as building blocks for realizing unique bioenabled photonic structures. Furthermore, we consider the integration of synthetic optically active nanocomponents into organized hierarchical biopolymer frameworks for added optical functionalities, such as enhanced iridescence and chiral photoluminescence. Finally, we present an outlook on current trends in biophotonic materials design and fabrication, including current issues, critical needs, as well as promising emerging photonic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Valente F, Allardyce BJ, Hepburn MS, Wijesinghe P, Redmond SL, Chen J, Kennedy BF, Rajkhowa R, Atlas MD, Wang X, Dilley RJ. Enhancing Resistance of Silk Fibroin Material to Enzymatic Degradation by Cross-Linking Both Crystalline and Amorphous Domains. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2459-2468. [PMID: 33455319 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) membranes are finding widespread use as biomaterial scaffolds in a range of tissue engineering applications. The control over SF scaffold degradation kinetics is usually driven by the proportion of SF crystalline domains in the formulation, but membranes with a high β-sheet content are brittle and still contain amorphous domains, which are highly susceptible to enzymatic degradation. In this work, photo-cross-linking of SF using a ruthenium-based method, and with the addition of glycerol, was used to generate robust and flexible SF membranes for long-term tissue engineering applications requiring slow degradation of the scaffolds. The resulting mechanical properties, protein secondary structure, and degradation rate were investigated. In addition, the cytocompatibility and versatility of porous micropatterning of SF films were assessed. The photo-cross-linking reduced the enzymatic degradation of SF in vitro without interfering with the β-sheet content of the SF material, while adding glycerol to the composition grants flexibility to the membranes. By combining these methods, the membrane resistance to protease degradation was significantly enhanced compared to either method alone, and the SF mechanical properties were not impaired. We hypothesize that photo-cross-linking protects the SF amorphous regions from enzymatic degradation and complements the natural protection offered by β-sheets in the crystalline region. Overall, this approach presents broad utility in tissue engineering applications that require a long-term degradation profile and mechanical support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Valente
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | | | - Matt S Hepburn
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Sharon L Redmond
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Marcus D Atlas
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Xungai Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Rodney J Dilley
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo C, Li C, Mu X, Kaplan DL. Engineering Silk Materials: From Natural Spinning to Artificial Processing. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2020; 7:011313. [PMID: 34367402 PMCID: PMC8340942 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Silks spun by the arthropods are "ancient' materials historically utilized for fabricating high-quality textiles. Silks are natural protein-based biomaterials with unique physical and biological properties, including particularly outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Current goals to produce artificially engineered silks to enable additional applications in biomedical engineering, consumer products, and device fields, have prompted considerable effort towards new silk processing methods using bio-inspired spinning and advanced biopolymer processing. These advances have redefined silk as a promising biomaterial past traditional textile applications and into tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biodegradable medical devices. In this review, we highlight recent progress in understanding natural silk spinning systems, as well as advanced technologies used for processing and engineering silk into a broad range of new functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cui X, Soliman BG, Alcala‐Orozco CR, Li J, Vis MAM, Santos M, Wise SG, Levato R, Malda J, Woodfield TBF, Rnjak‐Kovacina J, Lim KS. Rapid Photocrosslinking of Silk Hydrogels with High Cell Density and Enhanced Shape Fidelity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901667. [PMID: 31943911 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin hydrogels crosslinked through di-tyrosine bonds are clear, elastomeric constructs with immense potential in regenerative medicine applications. In this study, demonstrated is a new visible light-mediated photoredox system for di-tyrosine bond formation in silk fibroin that overcomes major limitations of current conventional enzymatic-based crosslinking. This photomediated system rapidly crosslinks silk fibroin (<1 min), allowing encapsulation of cells at significantly higher cell densities (15 million cells mL-1 ) while retaining high cell viability (>80%). The photocrosslinked silk hydrogels present more stable mechanical properties which do not undergo spontaneous transition to stiff, β-sheet-rich networks typically seen for enzymatically crosslinked systems. These hydrogels also support long-term culture of human articular chondrocytes, with excellent cartilage tissue formation. This system also facilitates the first demonstration of biofabrication of silk fibroin constructs in the absence of chemical modification of the protein structure or rheological additives. Cell-laden constructs with complex, ordered, graduated architectures, and high resolution (40 µm) are fabricated using the photocrosslinking system, which cannot be achieved using the enzymatic crosslinking system. Taken together, this work demonstrates the immense potential of a new crosslinking approach for fabrication of elastomeric silk hydrogels with applications in biofabrication and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cui
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Bram G. Soliman
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Cesar R. Alcala‐Orozco
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Jun Li
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Michelle A. M. Vis
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Miguel Santos
- School of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics University Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Domplein 29 3512 JE Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Tim B. F. Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Jelena Rnjak‐Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Khoon S. Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Multiphoton 3D lithography is becoming a tool of choice in a wide variety of fields. Regenerative medicine is one of them. Its true 3D structuring capabilities beyond diffraction can be exploited to produce structures with diverse functionality. Furthermore, these objects can be produced from unique materials allowing expanded performance. Here, we review current trends in this research area. We pay particular attention to the interplay between the technology and materials used. Thus, we extensively discuss undergoing light-matter interactions and peculiarities of setups needed to induce it. Then, we continue with the most popular resins, photoinitiators, and general material functionalization, with emphasis on their potential usage in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we provide extensive discussion of current advances in the field as well as prospects showing how the correct choice of the polymer can play a vital role in the structure’s functionality. Overall, this review highlights the interplay between the structure’s architecture and material choice when trying to achieve the maximum result in the field of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nguyen TP, Nguyen QV, Nguyen VH, Le TH, Huynh VQN, Vo DVN, Trinh QT, Kim SY, Le QV. Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1933. [PMID: 31771251 PMCID: PMC6960760 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was first discovered, thousands of years ago, silkworm silk has been known to be an abundant biopolymer with a vast range of attractive properties. The utilization of silk fibroin (SF), the main protein of silkworm silk, has not been limited to the textile industry but has been further extended to various high-tech application areas, including biomaterials for drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. The outstanding mechanical properties of SF, including its facile processability, superior biocompatibility, controllable biodegradation, and versatile functionalization have allowed its use for innovative applications. In this review, we describe the structure, composition, general properties, and structure-properties relationship of SF. In addition, the methods used for the fabrication and modification of various materials are briefly addressed. Lastly, recent applications of SF-based materials for small molecule drug delivery, biological drug delivery, gene therapy, wound healing, and bone regeneration are reviewed and our perspectives on future development of these favorable materials are also shared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thang Phan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Vinh Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa 810000, Vietnam;
| | - Thu-Ha Le
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Vu Quynh Nga Huynh
- The Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Dai-Viet N. Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam;
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore;
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brif A, Laity P, Claeyssens F, Holland C. Dynamic Photo-cross-linking of Native Silk Enables Macroscale Patterning at a Microscale Resolution. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:705-714. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Brif
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Peter Laity
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shi Z, Zheng F, Zhou Z, Li M, Fan Z, Ye H, Zhang S, Xiao T, Chen L, Tao TH, Sun Y, Mao Y. Silk-Enabled Conformal Multifunctional Bioelectronics for Investigation of Spatiotemporal Epileptiform Activities and Multimodal Neural Encoding/Decoding. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801617. [PMID: 31065516 PMCID: PMC6498121 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics can serve as powerful tools for biomedical diagnosis and therapies of neurological disorders, particularly for application cases with brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). Existing conformal soft bioelectrodes are applicable for basic electrocorticogram (ECoG) collecting/monitoring. Nevertheless, as an emerging and promising approach, further multidisciplinary efforts are still demanded for in-depth exploitations with these conformal soft electronics toward their practical neurophysiological applications in both scientific research and real-world clinical operation. Here, clinically-friendly silk-supported/delivered soft bioelectronics are developed, and multiple functions and features valuable for customizable intracranial applications (e.g., biocompatible and spontaneously conformal coupling with cortical surface, spatiotemporal ECoG detecting/monitoring, electro-neurophysiological neural stimulating/decoding, controllable loading/delivery of therapeutic molecules, and parallel optical readouts of operating states) are integrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityWulumuqi Zhong Road 12Shanghai200040China
| | - Faming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Meng Li
- The Rowland InstituteHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityWulumuqi Zhong Road 12Shanghai200040China
| | - Huanpeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and VibrationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Graduate StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of EducationShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai200234China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityWulumuqi Zhong Road 12Shanghai200040China
| | - Tiger H. Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Graduate StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghai Tech UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Yun‐Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityWulumuqi Zhong Road 12Shanghai200040China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mehrotra S, Chouhan D, Konwarh R, Kumar M, Jadi PK, Mandal BB. Comprehensive Review on Silk at Nanoscale for Regenerative Medicine and Allied Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2054-2078. [PMID: 33405710 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Biotechnology Department, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa−16417, Ethiopia
| | - Manishekhar Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Jadi
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Grebenyuk S, Ranga A. Engineering Organoid Vascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:39. [PMID: 30941347 PMCID: PMC6433749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of increasingly biomimetic human tissue analogs has been a long-standing goal in two important biomedical applications: drug discovery and regenerative medicine. In seeking to understand the safety and effectiveness of newly developed pharmacological therapies and replacement tissues for severely injured non-regenerating tissues and organs, there remains a tremendous unmet need in generating tissues with both functional complexity and scale. Over the last decade, the advent of organoids has demonstrated that cells have the ability to reorganize into complex tissue-specific structures given minimal inductive factors. However, a major limitation in achieving truly in vivo-like functionality has been the lack of structured organization and reasonable tissue size. In vivo, developing tissues are interpenetrated by and interact with a complex network of vasculature which allows not only oxygen, nutrient and waste exchange, but also provide for inductive biochemical exchange and a structural template for growth. Conversely, in vitro, this aspect of organoid development has remained largely missing, suggesting that these may be the critical cues required for large-scale and more reproducible tissue organization. Here, we review recent technical progress in generating in vitro vasculature, and seek to provide a framework for understanding how such technologies, together with theoretical and developmentally inspired insights, can be harnessed to enhance next generation organoid development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Grebenyuk
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Morphogenesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Ranga
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Morphogenesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kook G, Jeong S, Kim SH, Kim MK, Lee S, Cho IJ, Choi N, Lee HJ. Wafer-Scale Multilayer Fabrication for Silk Fibroin-Based Microelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:115-124. [PMID: 30480426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is an excellent candidate for biomedical implantable devices because of its biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, solution processability, flexibility, and transparency. Thus, fibroin has been widely explored in biomedical applications as biodegradable films as well as functional microstructures. Although there exists a large number of patterning methods for fibroin thin films, multilayer micropatterning of fibroin films interleaved with metal layers still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a new wafer-scale multilayer microfabrication process named aluminum hard mask on silk fibroin (AMoS), which is capable of micropatterning multiple layers composed of both fibroin and inorganic materials (e.g., metal and dielectrics) with high-precision microscale alignment. To the best of our knowledge, our AMoS process is the first demonstration of wafer-scale multilayer processing of both silk fibroin and metal micropatterns. In the AMoS process, aluminum deposited on fibroin is first micropatterned using conventional ultraviolet (UV) photolithography, and the patterned aluminum layer is then used as a mask to pattern fibroin underneath. We demonstrate the versatility of our fabrication process by fabricating fibroin microstructures with different dimensions, passive electronic components composed of both fibroin and metal layers, and functional fibroin microstructures for drug delivery. Furthermore, because one of the crucial advantages of fibroin is biocompatibility, we assess the biocompatibility of our fabrication process through the culture of highly susceptible primary neurons. Because the AMoS process utilizes conventional UV photolithography, the principal advantages of our process are multilayer fabrication with high-precision alignment, high resolution, wafer-scale large area processing, no requirement for chemical modification of the protein, and high throughput and thus low cost, all of which have not been feasible with silk fibroin. Therefore, the proposed fabrication method is a promising candidate for batch fabrication of functional fibroin microelectronics (e.g., memristors and organic thin film transistors) for next-generation implantable biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Kook
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14 gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14 gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14 gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
- SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. , 221 Pangyoyeok-ro , Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do 13494 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14 gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14 gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14 gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14 gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo J Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang X, Wei Z, Baysah CZ, Zheng M, Xing J. Biomaterial-based microstructures fabricated by two-photon polymerization microfabrication technology. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34472-34480. [PMID: 35530014 PMCID: PMC9074146 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) microfabrication technology can freely prepare micro/nano structures with different morphologies and high accuracy for micro/nanophotonics, micro-electromechanical systems, microfluidics, tissue engineering and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zhenping Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | | | - Meiling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Guo J, Zhou L, Ye C, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL, Ling S. Design, Fabrication, and Function of Silk-Based Nanomaterials. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1805305. [PMID: 32440262 PMCID: PMC7241600 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201805305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal silks are built from pure protein components and their mechanical performance, such as strength and toughness, often exceed most engineered materials. The secret to this success is their unique nanoarchitectures that are formed through the hierarchical self-assembly of silk proteins. This natural material fabrication process in sharp contrast to the production of artificial silk materials, which usually are directly constructed as bulk structures from silk fibroin (SF) molecular. In recent years, with the aim of understanding and building better silk materials, a variety of fabrication strategies have been designed to control nanostructures of silks or to create functional materials from silk nanoscale building blocks. These emerging fabrication strategies offer an opportunity to tailor the structure of SF at the nanoscale and provide a promising route to produce structurally and functionally optimized silk nanomaterials. Here, we review the critical roles of silk nanoarchitectures on property and function of natural silk fibers, outline the strategies of utilization of these silk nanobuilding blocks, and we provide a critical summary of state of the art in the field to create silk nanoarchitectures and to generate silk-based nanocomponents. Further, such insights suggest templates to consider for other materials systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, MA 02155, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, MA 02155, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, AnHui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, MA 02155, USA
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Sun L, Liu Z, Xia X, Tao TH. "Genetically Engineered" Biofunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerators Using Recombinant Spider Silk. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1805722. [PMID: 30306646 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered electronics using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is drawing increasing efforts and rapid advancements in eco/biocompatible energy harvesting, intelligent sensing, and biomedical applications. Currently, the triboelectric performances are mainly determined by the pair materials' inherent electron affinity difference, and merely tuned by chemical or physical methods, which significantly limit the optional variety and output capability, especially for natural-biomaterial-based TENGs. Herein, a biocompatible triboelectric material with a programmable triboelectric property, multiple functionalization, large-scale-fabrication capability, and transcendent output performance is designed, by genetically engineering recombinant spider silk proteins (RSSP). Featuring totally "green" large-scale manufacturing, the water lithography technique is introduced to the RSSP-TENG with facilely adjustable surface morphology, chemically modifiable surface properties, and controllable protein conformation. By virtue of the high electrical power, a proof-of-principle drug-free RSSP-patch is built, showing outstanding antibacterial performances both in vitro and in vivo. This work provides a novel high-performance biomaterial-based TENG and extends its potential for multifunctional applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Emerging Paradigms for Synthetic Design of Functional Amyloids. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3720-3734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
43
|
Three-dimensional nanofibrous microenvironment designed for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
44
|
Pal RK, Yadavalli VK. Silk protein nanowires patterned using electron beam lithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:335301. [PMID: 29808832 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication approaches to pattern proteins at the nanoscale are useful in applications ranging from organic bioelectronics to cellular engineering. Specifically, functional materials based on natural polymers offer sustainable and environment-friendly substitutes to synthetic polymers. Silk proteins (fibroin and sericin) have emerged as an important class of biomaterials for next generation applications owing to excellent optical and mechanical properties, inherent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, the ability to precisely control their spatial positioning at the nanoscale via high throughput tools continues to remain a challenge. In this study electron beam lithography (EBL) is used to provide nanoscale patterning using methacrylate conjugated silk proteins that are photoreactive 'photoresists' materials. Very low energy electron beam radiation can be used to pattern silk proteins at the nanoscale and over large areas, whereby such nanostructure fabrication can be performed without specialized EBL tools. Significantly, using conducting polymers in conjunction with these silk proteins, the formation of protein nanowires down to 100 nm is shown. These wires can be easily degraded using enzymatic degradation. Thus, proteins can be precisely and scalably patterned and doped with conducting polymers and enzymes to form degradable, organic bioelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramendra K Pal
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W Main Street, Richmond VA, 23284, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Fan Z, Zhang S, Zheng F, Liu K, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Chen L, Li X, Mao Y, Wang F, Sun YL, Tao TH. Self-Powered Multifunctional Transient Bioelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802050. [PMID: 30079465 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Controllable degradation and excellent biocompatibility during/after a lifetime endow emerging transient electronics with special superiority in implantable biomedical applications. Currently, most of these devices need external power sources, limiting their real-world utilizations. Optimizing existing bioresorbable electronic devices requires natural-material-based construction and, more importantly, diverse or even all-in-one multifunctionalization. Herein, silk-based implantable, biodegradable, and multifunctional systems, self-powered with transient triboelectric nanogenerators (T2 ENGs), for real-time in vivo monitoring and therapeutic treatments of epileptic seizures, are reported. These T2 ENGs are of customizable in vitro/in vivo operating life and biomechanical sensitivity via the adjustments of silk molecular size, surface structuralization, and device configuration. Functions, such as drug delivery and structural-integrity optical readout (parallel to electronic signals), are enabled for localized anti-infection and noninvasive degradation indication, respectively. A proof-of-principle wireless system is built with mobile-device readout and "smart" treatment triggered by specific symptoms (i.e., epilepsy), exhibiting the practical potential of these silk T2 ENGs as self-powered, transient, and multifunctional implantable bioelectronic platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Wulumuqi Zhong Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Faming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Wulumuqi Zhong Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Wulumuqi Zhong Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Wulumuqi Zhong Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yun-Lu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tian ZN, Chen QD, Hu ZY, Sun YK, Yu YH, Xia H, Sun HB. Mirror-rotation-symmetrical single-focus spiral zone plates. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3116-3119. [PMID: 29957793 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report mirror-rotation-symmetrical single-focus spiral zone plates (MS-SZPs) fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing. The novel optical element can generate a single-focus vortex beam, owing to the element's complicated continuous surface. The MS-SZP surface possesses reverse mirror-rotation symmetry, which ensures that the transfer element has the same surface morphology as the original element. Both the transfer element and original element have good optical properties. The single-focus behavior was investigated by a microscopic imaging system and found to be in good agreement with theoretical simulation results. The innovative optical component is expected to be widely used in optical communication, quantum computation, optical manipulation, and other fields.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yu X, Shou W, Mahajan BK, Huang X, Pan H. Materials, Processes, and Facile Manufacturing for Bioresorbable Electronics: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707624. [PMID: 29736971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioresorbable electronics refer to a new class of advanced electronics that can completely dissolve or disintegrate with environmentally and biologically benign byproducts in water and biofluids. They have provided a solution to the growing electronic waste problem with applications in temporary usage of electronics such as implantable devices and environmental sensors. Bioresorbable materials such as biodegradable polymers, dissolvable conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics are extensively studied, enabling massive progress of bioresorbable electronic devices. Processing and patterning of these materials are predominantly relying on vacuum-based fabrication methods so far. However, for the purpose of commercialization, nonvacuum, low-cost, and facile manufacturing/printing approaches are the need of the hour. Bioresorbable electronic materials are generally more chemically reactive than conventional electronic materials, which require particular attention in developing the low-cost manufacturing processes in ambient environment. This review focuses on material reactivity, ink availability, printability, and process compatibility for facile manufacturing of bioresorbable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
| | - Wan Shou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
| | - Bikram K Mahajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjing, 300072, China
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhou Z, Zhang S, Cao Y, Marelli B, Xia X, Tao TH. Engineering the Future of Silk Materials through Advanced Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706983. [PMID: 29956397 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Silk is a natural fiber renowned for its outstanding mechanical properties that have enabled the manufacturing of ultralight and ultrastrong textiles. Recent advances in silk processing and manufacturing have underpinned a re-interpretation of silk from textiles to technological materials. Here, it is argued that silk materials-optimized by selective pressure to work in the environment at the biotic-abiotic interface-can be harnessed by human micro- and nanomanufacturing technology to impart new functionalities and opportunities. A critical overview of recent progress in silk technology is presented with emphasis on high-tech applications enabled by recent innovations in multilevel modifications, multiscale manufacturing, and multimodal characterization of silk materials. These advances have enabled successful demonstrations of silk materials across several disciplines, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, implantable medical devices, and biodissolvable/degradable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yunteng Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim BH, Lee J, Won SM, Xie Z, Chang JK, Yu Y, Cho YK, Jang H, Jeong JY, Lee Y, Ryu A, Kim DH, Lee KH, Lee JY, Liu F, Wang X, Huo Q, Min S, Wu D, Ji B, Banks A, Kim J, Oh N, Jin HM, Han S, Kang D, Lee CH, Song YM, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Jang KI, Rogers JA. Three-Dimensional Silicon Electronic Systems Fabricated by Compressive Buckling Process. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4164-4171. [PMID: 29641889 PMCID: PMC5986289 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed approaches in deterministic assembly allow for controlled, geometric transformation of two-dimensional structures into complex, engineered three-dimensional layouts. Attractive features include applicability to wide ranging layout designs and dimensions along with the capacity to integrate planar thin film materials and device layouts. The work reported here establishes further capabilities for directly embedding high-performance electronic devices into the resultant 3D constructs based on silicon nanomembranes (Si NMs) as the active materials in custom devices or microscale components released from commercial wafer sources. Systematic experimental studies and theoretical analysis illustrate the key ideas through varied 3D architectures, from interconnected bridges and coils to extended chiral structures, each of which embed n-channel Si NM MOSFETs (nMOS), Si NM diodes, and p-channel silicon MOSFETs (pMOS). Examples in stretchable/deformable systems highlight additional features of these platforms. These strategies are immediately applicable to other wide-ranging classes of materials and device technologies that can be rendered in two-dimensional layouts, from systems for energy storage, to photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hoon Kim
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Neurological Surgery, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute & Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jungyup Lee
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sang Min Won
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jan-Kai Chang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yongjoon Yu
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Youn Kyoung Cho
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hokyung Jang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ji Yoon Jeong
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yechan Lee
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arin Ryu
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kun Hyuck Lee
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Neurological Surgery, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute & Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jong Yoon Lee
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fei Liu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xueju Wang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Neurological Surgery, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute & Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Qingze Huo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seunghwan Min
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anthony Banks
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Neurological Surgery, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute & Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Oh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Jin
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, The Center for Implantable Devices, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kyung-In Jang
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding Authors: .,
| | - John A. Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Neurological Surgery, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute & Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors: .,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen NK, Li XB, Bang J, Wang XP, Han D, West D, Zhang S, Sun HB. Directional Forces by Momentumless Excitation and Order-to-Order Transition in Peierls-Distorted Solids: The Case of GeTe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:185701. [PMID: 29775378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.185701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent density-functional theory molecular dynamics reveals an unexpected effect of optical excitation in the experimentally observed rhombohedral-to-cubic transition of GeTe. The excitation induces coherent forces along [001], which may be attributed to the unique energy landscape of Peierls-distorted solids. The forces drive the A_{1g} optical phonon mode in which Ge and Te move out of phase. Upon damping of the A_{1g} mode, phase transition takes place, which involves no atomic diffusion, defect formation, or the nucleation and growth of the cubic phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Ke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xian-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junhyeok Bang
- Spin Engineering Physics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Damien West
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Shengbai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|