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Wang M, Tang Z. No causal relationship between serum urate and neurodegenerative diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112503. [PMID: 38955238 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have shown that increased serum urate is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), but the causality remains unclear. We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal relationship between serum urate and four common subtypes of NDs, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Serum urate data came from the CKDGen Consortium. GWAS data for PD, AD, ALS, and MS were obtained from four databases in the primary analysis and then acquired statistics from the FinnGen consortium for replication and meta-analysis. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger regression methods were applied in the MR analyses. Pleiotropic effects, heterogeneity, and leave-one-out analyses were evaluated to validate the results. RESULTS There was no evidence for the effect of serum urate on PD (OR: 1.00, 95 % CI: 0.90-1.11, P = 0.97), AD (OR: 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.04, P = 0.06), ALS (OR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 0.97-1.13, P = 0.22), and MS (OR: 1.01, 95 % CI: 0.89-1.14, P = 0.90) risk when combined with the FinnGen consortium, neither was any evidence of pleiotropy detected between the instrumental variables (IVs). CONCLUSION The MR analysis suggested that serum urate may not be causally associated with a risk of PD, AD, ALS, and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhiquan Tang
- People's Hospital of Yushan District, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243000, China.
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2
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Jiao L, Wang R, Dong Y, Su J, Yu J, Yan M, Chen S, Lv G. The impact of chrysanthemi indici flos-enriched flavonoid part on the model of hyperuricemia based on inhibiting synthesis and promoting excretion of uric acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118488. [PMID: 38925319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In recent years, in addition to hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) has increased considerably. Being the fourth major health risk factor, HUA can affect the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Chrysanthemi Indici Flos is a flavonoid-containing traditional Chinese patent medicine that exhibits a uric acid (UA)-lowering effect. However, the mechanisms underlying Chrysanthemi Indici Flos-enriched flavonoid part (CYM.E) mediated alleviation of HUA remain unelucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of CYM.E in preventing and treating HUA and its specific effects on UA-related transport proteins, to explore possible mechanism. METHODS The buddleoside content in CYM.E was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography. HUA was induced in mice models using adenine and potassium oxonate. Subsequently, mice were administered 10 mg/kg allopurinol, and 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg CYM.E to evaluate the effects of CYM.E on the of HUA mice model. Herein, plasma uric acid (UA), creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) contents, along with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured. Additionally, xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in the liver were determined. The histomorphologies of the liver and kidney tissues were examined through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of facilitated glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G2 (ABCG2) in the kidney was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1), GLUT9, OAT1, and OAT3 in the kidney, OAT4, and ABCG2 proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS The buddleoside content in CYM.E was approximately 32.77%. CYM.E improved body weight and autonomous activity in HUA mice. Additionally, it reduced plasma UA, BUN, and CR levels and serum ALT and AST activities, thus improving hepatic and renal functions, which further reduced the plasma UA content. CYM.E reduced histopathological damage to the kidneys. Furthermore, it lowered plasma TC, TG, and LDL-c levels, thereby improving lipid metabolism disorder. CYM.E administration inhibited hepatic XOD and ADA activities and reduced the mRNA expression of renal GLUT9. CYM.E inhibited the protein expression of renal URAT1, GLUT9, and OAT4, and increased the mRNA and protein expression of renal OAT1, OAT3, and ABCG2. Altogether, these results show that CYM.E could inhibit the production and promote reabsorption of UA and its excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Rou Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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3
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Shen Z, Xu L, Wu T, Wang H, Wang Q, Ge X, Kong F, Huang G, Pan X. Structural basis for urate recognition and apigenin inhibition of human GLUT9. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5039. [PMID: 38866775 PMCID: PMC11169512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Urate, the physiological form of uric acid and a potent antioxidant in serum, plays a pivotal role in scavenging reactive oxygen species. Yet excessive accumulation of urate, known as hyperuricemia, is the primary risk factor for the development of gout. The high-capacity urate transporter GLUT9 represents a promising target for gout treatment. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human GLUT9 in complex with urate or its inhibitor apigenin at overall resolutions of 3.5 Å and 3.3 Å, respectively. In both structures, GLUT9 exhibits an inward open conformation, wherein the substrate binding pocket faces the intracellular side. These structures unveil the molecular basis for GLUT9's substrate preference of urate over glucose, and show that apigenin acts as a competitive inhibitor by occupying the substrate binding site. Our findings provide critical information for the development of specific inhibitors targeting GLUT9 as potential therapeutics for gout and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Shen
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qifan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Ge
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Kong
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Magaji UF, Coremen M, Karabulut Bulan O, Sacan O, Yanardag R. Biochemical and Histological Effects of Moringa oleifera Extract against Valproate-Induced Kidney Damage. J Med Food 2024; 27:533-544. [PMID: 38836511 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid is an effective treatment for generalized seizure and related neurological defects. Despite its efficacy and acceptability, its use is associated with adverse drug effects. Moringa oleifera leaves are rich in phytochemical and nutritional components. It has excellent antioxidant and ethnobotanical benefits, thus popular among folk medicines and nutraceuticals. In the present study, 70% ethanol extract of moringa leaves was assessed for its in vivo biochemical and histological effects against valproate-induced kidney damage. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I: control animals given physiological saline (n = 8); Group II: Moringa extract-administered group (0.3 g/kg b.w./day, n = 8); Group III: valproate-administered animals (0.5 g/kg b.w./day, n = 15); and Group IV: valproate + moringa extract (given similar doses of both valproate and moringa extract, n = 12) administered group. Treatments were administered orally for 15 days, the animals were fasted overnight, anesthetized, and then tissue samples harvested. In the valproate-administered experimental group, serum urea and uric acid were elevated. In the kidney tissue of the valproate rats, glutathione was depleted, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) disrupted, while oxidative stress biomarker, inflammatory proteins (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), histological damage scores, and the number of PCNA-positive cells were elevated. M. oleifera attenuated all these biochemical defects through its plethora of diverse antioxidant and therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Faruk Magaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Melis Coremen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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5
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Cho C, Kim B, Kim DS, Hwang MY, Shim I, Song M, Lee YC, Jung SH, Cho SK, Park WY, Myung W, Kim BJ, Do R, Choi HK, Merriman TR, Kim YJ, Won HH. Large-scale cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of serum urate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3441. [PMID: 38658550 PMCID: PMC11043400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an essential causal risk factor for gout and is associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Given the limited contribution of East Asian ancestry to genome-wide association studies of serum urate, the genetic architecture of serum urate requires exploration. A large-scale cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of 1,029,323 individuals and ancestry-specific meta-analysis identifies a total of 351 loci, including 17 previously unreported loci. The genetic architecture of serum urate control is similar between European and East Asian populations. A transcriptome-wide association study, enrichment analysis, and colocalization analysis in relevant tissues identify candidate serum urate-associated genes, including CTBP1, SKIV2L, and WWP2. A phenome-wide association study using polygenic risk scores identifies serum urate-correlated diseases including heart failure and hypertension. Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses show that serum urate-associated genes might have a causal relationship with serum urate-correlated diseases via mediation effects. This study elucidates our understanding of the genetic architecture of serum urate control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamlee Cho
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsu Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Say Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Injeong Shim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minku Song
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Chan Lee
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sung Kweon Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine (AUSOM), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Chen Y, Liu Q, Meng X, Zhao L, Zheng X, Feng W. Catalpol ameliorates fructose-induced renal inflammation by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88 signaling and uric acid reabsorption. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176356. [PMID: 38325797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that excess fructose uptake induces metabolic syndrome and kidney injury. Here, we primarily investigated the influence of catalpol on fructose-induced renal inflammation in mice and explored its potential mechanism. Treatment with catalpol improved insulin sensitivity and hyperuricemia in fructose-fed mice. Hyperuricemia induced by high-fructose diet was associated with increases in the expressions of urate reabsorptive transporter URAT1 and GLUT9. Treatment with catalpol decreased the expressions of URAT1 and GLUT9. Futhermore, treatment with catalpol ameliorated renal inflammatory cell infiltration and podocyte injury, and these beneficial effects were associated with inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, fructose-induced uric acid triggers an inflammatory response by activiting NLRP3 inflammasome, which then processes pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with catalpol could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome as well. Additionally, TLR4/MyD88 signaling was activated in fructose-fed mice, while treatment with catalpol inhibited this activation along with promoting NF-κB nuclear translocation in fructose-fed mice. Thus, our study demonstrated that catalpol could ameliorate renal inflammation in fructose-fed mice, attributing its beneficial effects to promoting uric acid excretion and inhibit the activation of TLR4/MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Research Center of Quality Control and Evaluation for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China.
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7
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Lin HL, Wang S, Sato K, Zhang YQ, He BT, Xu J, Nakazawa T, Qin YJ, Zhang HY. Uric acid-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggers lens epithelial cell senescence and cataract formation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:126. [PMID: 38461179 PMCID: PMC10925029 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive uric acid (UA) is associated with age-related cataract. A previous study showed that a high UA level in the aqueous humor stimulated the senescence of lens epithelial cells (LECs), leading to cataract progression. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated UA-driven senescence in human lens tissue samples obtained during surgery, rat lens organ cultures, and in vivo experiments, using senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, electronic microscopy, Western blotting, and histological analyses. Initially, we identified markedly higher expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the lens capsules of hyper-uricemic patients compared to normo-uricemic patients. This increase was accompanied by a significant rise in the SA-β-gal positive rate. We next built a cataract model in which rat lenses in an organ culture system were treated with an increasing dosage of UA. Notably, opacification was apparent in the lenses treated with 800 μM of UA starting on the fifth day. Mechanistically, UA treatment not only significantly induced the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, but also upregulated the levels of SA-β-gal and the senescence regulators p53 and p21. These effects were fully reversed, and lens opacification was ameliorated by the addition of MCC950, a selective NLRP3 antagonist. Moreover, an in vivo model showed that intravitreal UA injection rapidly induced cataract phenotypes within 21 days, an effect significantly mitigated by co-injection with MCC950. Together, our findings suggest that targeting the UA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 could be a promising strategy for preventing cataract formation associated with inflammageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Qiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bei Ting He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yong Jie Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hong Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Yanai H, Adachi H, Hakoshima M, Iida S, Katsuyama H. A Possible Therapeutic Application of the Selective Inhibitor of Urate Transporter 1, Dotinurad, for Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:450. [PMID: 38474414 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The reabsorption of uric acid (UA) is mainly mediated by urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in the kidneys. Dotinurad inhibits URAT1 but does not inhibit other UA transporters, such as GLUT9, ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), and organic anion transporter 1/3 (OAT1/3). We found that dotinurad ameliorated the metabolic parameters and renal function in hyperuricemic patients. We consider the significance of the highly selective inhibition of URAT1 by dotinurad for metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The selective inhibition of URAT1 by dotinurad increases urinary UA in the proximal tubules, and this un-reabsorbed UA may compete with urinary glucose for GLUT9, reducing glucose reabsorption. The inhibition by dotinurad of UA entry via URAT1 into the liver and adipose tissues increased energy expenditure and decreased lipid synthesis and inflammation in rats. Such effects may improve metabolic parameters. CKD patients accumulate uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), in the body. ABCG2 regulates the renal and intestinal excretion of IS, which strongly affects CKD. OAT1/3 inhibitors suppress IS uptake into the kidneys, thereby increasing plasma IS, which produces oxidative stress and induces vascular endothelial dysfunction in CKD patients. The highly selective inhibition of URAT1 by dotinurad may be beneficial for metabolic syndrome, CKD, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Adachi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Hakoshima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sakura Iida
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
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9
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Li X, Qi C, Shao M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Li J, Xiao Z, Ye F. A System for Discovering Novel Uricosurics Targeting Urate Transporter 1 Based on In Vitro and In Vivo Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:172. [PMID: 38399232 PMCID: PMC10893275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has become a global burden with the increasing prevalence and risk of associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Uricosurics act as a vital urate-lowering therapy by promoting uric acid excretion via the kidneys. However, potent and safe uricosurics are still in urgent demand for use in the clinic. In this study, we aimed to establish in vitro and in vivo models to aid the discovery of novel uricosurics, and to search for potent active compounds, especially targeting urate transporter 1 (URAT1), the major urate transporter in the kidney handling uric acid homeostasis. As a result, for preliminary screening, the in vitro URAT1 transport activity was assessed using a non-isotopic uric acid uptake assay in hURAT1-stably expressed HEK293 cells. The in vivo therapeutic effect was evaluated in a subacute hyperuricemic mouse model (sub-HUA) and further confirmed in a chronic hyperuricemic mouse model (Ch-HUA). By utilizing these models, compound CC18002 was obtained as a potent URAT1 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 1.69 μM, and favorable uric acid-lowering effect in both sub-HUA and Ch-HUA mice, which was comparable to that of benzbromarone at the same dosage. Moreover, the activity of xanthine oxidoreductase, the key enzyme catalyzing uric acid synthesis, was not altered by CC18002 treatment. Taken together, we have developed a novel screening system, including a cell model targeting URAT1 and two kinds of mouse models, for the discovery of novel uricosurics. Utilizing this system, compound CC18002 was investigated as a candidate URAT1 inhibitor to treat hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chufan Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengjie Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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10
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Wu S, Li C, Li Y, Liu J, Rong C, Pei H, Li X, Zeng X, Mao W. SLC2A9 rs16890979 reduces uric acid absorption by kidney organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1268226. [PMID: 38269090 PMCID: PMC10806012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The excretion and absorption of uric acid (UA) by the kidneys helps regulate serum UA levels. GLUT9, encoded by SLC2A9, is mainly expressed in the renal tubules responsible for UA absorption. SLC2A9 polymorphisms are associated with different serum UA levels. However, the lack of proper in vitro models has stalled research on the mechanisms of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect UA metabolism in human urate transporters. Methods: In this study, we constructed a gene-edited human embryonic stem cells-9 (ESC-H9) derived kidney organoid bearing rs16890979, an SLC2A9 missense mutation with undetermined associations with hyperuricemia or hypouricemia. Kidney organoids derived from ESC-H9 with genetical overexpression (OE) and low expression (shRNA) of SLC2A9 to serve as controls to study the function of SLC2A9. The function of rs16890979 on UA metabolism was evaluated after placing the organoids to urate-containing medium and following histopathological analysis. Results: The kidney organoids with heterozygous or homozygous rs16890979 mutations showed normal SLC2A9 expression levels and histological distribution, phenotypically similar to the wild-type controls. However, reduced absorption of UA by the kidney organoids with rs16890979 mutants was observed. This finding together with the observation that UA absorption is increased in organoids with SLC2A9 overexpression and decreased in those with SLC2A9 knockdown, suggest that GLUT9 is responsible for UA absorption, and the rs16890979 SNP may compromise this functionality. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was detected in organoids after UA treatment, especially in the kidney organoid carrying GLUT9OE, suggesting the cytobiological mechanism explaining the pathological features in hyperuricosuria-related renal injury. Discussion: This study showing the transitional value of kidney organoid modeling the function of SNPs on UA metabolism. With a defined genetic background and a confirmed UA absorption function should be useful for studies on renal histological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms with this organoid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lab of Stem Cell Biology and Innovative Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Institute for Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Vávra J, Pavelcová K, Mašínová J, Hasíková L, Bubeníková E, Urbanová A, Mančíková A, Stibůrková B. Examining the Association of Rare Allelic Variants in Urate Transporters SLC22A11, SLC22A13, and SLC17A1 with Hyperuricemia and Gout. DISEASE MARKERS 2024; 2024:5930566. [PMID: 38222853 PMCID: PMC10787658 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5930566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variations in urate transporters play a significant role in determining human urate levels and have been implicated in developing hyperuricemia or gout. Polymorphism in the key urate transporters, such as ABCG2, URAT1, or GLUT9 was well-documented in the literature. Therefore in this study, our objective was to determine the frequency and effect of rare nonsynonymous allelic variants of SLC22A11, SLC22A13, and SLC17A1 on urate transport. In a cohort of 150 Czech patients with primary hyperuricemia and gout, we examined all coding regions and exon-intron boundaries of SLC22A11, SLC22A13, and SLC17A1 using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. For comparison, we used a control group consisting of 115 normouricemic subjects. To examine the effects of the rare allelic nonsynonymous variants on the expression, intracellular processing, and urate transporter protein function, we performed a functional characterization using the HEK293A cell line, immunoblotting, fluorescent microscopy, and site directed mutagenesis for preparing variants in vitro. Variants p.V202M (rs201209258), p.R343L (rs75933978), and p.P519L (rs144573306) were identified in the SLC22A11 gene (OAT4 transporter); variants p.R16H (rs72542450), and p.R102H (rs113229654) in the SLC22A13 gene (OAT10 transporter); and the p.W75C variant in the SLC17A1 gene (NPT1 transporter). All variants minimally affected protein levels and cytoplasmic/plasma membrane localization. The functional in vitro assay revealed that contrary to the native proteins, variants p.P519L in OAT4 (p ≤ 0.05), p.R16H in OAT10 (p ≤ 0.05), and p.W75C in the NPT1 transporter (p ≤ 0.01) significantly limited urate transport activity. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of (1) the risk of urate transporter-related hyperuricemia/gout and (2) uric acid handling in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Vávra
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Eliška Bubeníková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Urbanová
- 1st Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Mančíková
- Department of Staphylococcal and Food-Borne Bacterial Infections, The National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Stibůrková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Tang Y, Du Y, Ye J, Deng L, Cui W. Intestine-Targeted Explosive Hydrogel Microsphere Promotes Uric Acid Excretion for Gout Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310492. [PMID: 37997010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid metabolism disorder triggers metabolic diseases, especially gout. However, increasing uric acid excretion remains a challenge. Here, an accelerative uric acid excretion pathway via an oral intestine-explosive hydrogel microsphere merely containing uricase and dopamine is reported. After oral administration, uricase is exposed and immobilized on intestinal mucosa along with an in situ dopamine polymerization via a cascade reaction triggered by the intestinal specific environment. By this means, trace amount of uricase is required to in situ up-regulate uric acid transporter proteins of intestinal epithelial cells, causing accelerated intestinal uric acid excretion. From in vitro data, the uric acid in fecal samples from gout patients could be significantly reduced by up to 37% by the mimic mucosa-immobilized uricase on the isolated porcine tissues. Both hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis in vivo mouse models confirm the uric acid excretion efficacy of intestine-explosive hydrogel microspheres. Fecal uric acid excretion is increased around 30% and blood uric acid is reduced more than 70%. In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that the microspheres optimized intestinal flora composition as well. In conclusion, a unique pathway via the intestine in situ regulation to realize an efficient uric acid intestinal excretion for gout therapy is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Junna Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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13
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Quinlivan R, Murphy E, Pula S, Pain A, Brain H, Scopes G, Gjika F, Ahmadouk N, Manole A, Houlden H. Raised CK and acute kidney injury following intense exercise in three patients with a history of exercise intolerance due to homozygous mutations in SLC2A9. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 34:49-53. [PMID: 38150892 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute rhabdomyolysis (AR) leading to acute kidney injury has many underlying etiologies, however, when the primary trigger is exercise, the most usual underlying cause is either a genetic muscle disorder or unaccustomed intense exercise in a healthy individual. Three adult men presented with a history of exercise intolerance and episodes of acute renal impairment following intense exercise, thought to be due to AR in the case of two, and dehydration in one. The baseline serum CK was mildly raised between attacks in all three patients and acutely raised during attacks in two of the three patients. Following referral to a specialized neuromuscular centre, further investigation identified very low serum urate (<12 umol/L). In all three men, genetic studies confirmed homozygous mutations in SLC2A9, which encodes for facilitated glucose transporter member 9 (GLUT9), a major regulator of urate homeostasis. Hereditary hypouricaemia should be considered in people presenting with acute kidney injury related to intense exercise. Serum urate evaluation is a useful screening test best undertaken after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ros Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square London, UK
| | - Shpresa Pula
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pain
- Department of Acute and General Medicine, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury UK
| | - Henrietta Brain
- Department of Acute and General Medicine, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury UK
| | - Grace Scopes
- University of Buckingham, Stoke Mandeville, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Frenki Gjika
- University of Buckingham, Stoke Mandeville, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Naim Ahmadouk
- Department of Acute and General Medicine, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury UK
| | - Andreea Manole
- Department of neurogenetics, UCL Institute of Neurology, National hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of neurogenetics, UCL Institute of Neurology, National hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
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14
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Ichida K. [Uric Acid Metabolism, Uric Acid Transporters and Dysuricemia]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:659-674. [PMID: 38825475 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Serum urate levels are determined by the balance between uric acid production and uric acid excretion capacity from the kidneys and intestinal tract. Dysuricemia, including hyperuricemia and hypouricemia, develops when the balance shifts towards an increase or a decrease in the uric acid pool. Hyperuricemia is mostly a multifactorial genetic disorder involving several disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Hypouricemia, on the other hand, is caused by genetic abnormalities. The main genes involved in dysuricemia are xanthine oxidoreductase, an enzyme that produces uric acid, and the urate transporters urate transporter 1/solute carrier family 22 member 12 (URAT1/SLC22A12), glucose transporter 9/solute carrier family 2 member 9 (GLUT9/SLC2A9) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). Deficiency of xanthine oxidoreductase results in xanthinuria, a rare disease with marked hypouricemia. Xanthinuria can be due to a single deficiency of xanthine oxidoreductase or in combination with aldehyde oxidase deficiency as well. The latter is caused by a deficiency in molybdenum cofactor sulfurase, which is responsible for adding sulphur atoms to the molybdenum cofactor required for xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase to exert their action. URAT1/SLC22A12 and GLUT9/SLC2A9 are involved in urate reabsorption and their deficiency leads to renal hypouricemia, a condition that is common in Japanese due to URAT1/SLC22A12 deficiency. On the other hand, ABCG2 is involved in the secretion of urate, and many Japanese have single nucleotide polymorphisms that result in its reduced function, leading to hyperuricemia. In particular, severe dysfunction of ABCG2 leads to hyperuricemia with reduced extrarenal excretion.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hyperuricemia/etiology
- Hyperuricemia/metabolism
- Hyperuricemia/genetics
- Uric Acid/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/metabolism
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase/deficiency
- Animals
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/etiology
- Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Urinary Calculi/etiology
- Urinary Calculi/metabolism
- Urinary Calculi/genetics
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine
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15
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Tsutani H, Otsuki N, Mitsuke Y, Ueda T. Estimated excretion and clearance of uric acid as optimal surrogate indices for daily urinary uric acid excretion. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 34:238-244. [PMID: 36478052 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Daily uric acid excretion (Eua) is an essential index for patients with gout/hyperuricaemia. We identified alternative indices most correlated with 24-hour uric acid clearance (Cua 24 h) and 24-hour Eua (Eua 24 h) using data from the reference interval of urinary clearance and excretion of urate study. METHODS The subjects were indoor workers aged 20-65 years who met the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines C28-A3c. Alternative indices using spot urine were urine uric acid creatinine ratio, Cua-creatinine clearance ratio (Cua/Ccr), Eua-CCr ratio (Eua/Ccr), estimated Cua (eCua), and estimated Eua (eEua). eCua and eEua are the values obtained by multiplying Cua/Ccr and Eua/Ccr with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS The final number of subjects analysed was 739. Among the indices using spot urine, eCua and eEua showed the highest correlation with Cua 24 h and Eua 24 h, respectively. Compared with Cua 60 min and Eua 60 min obtained from 60-min urine collection, eCua and eEua showed lower root means squared error, lower bias, and significantly higher accuracy of within 30% and within 15%. CONCLUSIONS The newly proposed eCua and eEua may be appropriate from a practical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nozomi Otsuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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16
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Zhou J, Zhang M, Xie Q, Xu N, Li M, Zhang M, Hao C. Recurrent exercise-induced acute kidney injury associated with hypouricemia: a case report and literature review. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:384. [PMID: 38129773 PMCID: PMC10740252 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by defective uric acid (UA) reabsorption resulting in hypouricemia and increased fractional excretion of UA. RHUC is an important cause of exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI), nephrolithiasis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). We present here an unusual case of a patient with RHUC who presented with recurrent EIAKI and had two heterozygous mutations in the SLC2A9 gene. CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year old man was admitted to our clinic because of bilateral loin pain, nausea and sleeplessness for 3 days after strenuous exercise. The laboratory results revealed increased levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (15 mmol/l) and serum creatinine (Scr) (450 μmol/l), while the UA level was extremely low at 0.54 mg/dl, and his fractional excretion of urate (FE-UA) was 108%. The patient had an episode of acute kidney injury after playing soccer approximately 20 years ago, and on routine physical examination, his UA was less than 0.50 mg/dl. In view of the marked hypouricemia and high FE-UA, a diagnosis of RHUC was suspected, which led us to perform mutational screening of the SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 genes. DNA sequencing revealed no mutation in SLC22A12 gene, but two heterozygous mutations in the SLC2A9 gene. CONCLUSIONS This is a rare report of a patient with RHUC2 due to the mutation of SLC2A9. And this unique symptom of EIAKI and decreased or normal serum concentrations of UA warrant more attention as an early cue of RHUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qionghong Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningxin Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Kvasnička A, Friedecký D, Brumarová R, Pavlíková M, Pavelcová K, Mašínová J, Hasíková L, Závada J, Pavelka K, Ješina P, Stibůrková B. Alterations in lipidome profiles distinguish early-onset hyperuricemia, gout, and the effect of urate-lowering treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:234. [PMID: 38042879 PMCID: PMC10693150 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, it is not possible to predict whether patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) will develop gout and how this progression may be affected by urate-lowering treatment (ULT). Our study aimed to evaluate differences in plasma lipidome between patients with asymptomatic HUA detected ≤ 40 years (HUA ≤ 40) and > 40 years, gout patients with disease onset ≤ 40 years (Gout ≤ 40) and > 40 years, and normouricemic healthy controls (HC). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 94 asymptomatic HUA (77% HUA ≤ 40) subjects, 196 gout patients (59% Gout ≤ 40), and 53 HC. A comprehensive targeted lipidomic analysis was performed to semi-quantify 608 lipids in plasma. Univariate and multivariate statistics and advanced visualizations were applied. RESULTS Both HUA and gout patients showed alterations in lipid profiles with the most significant upregulation of phosphatidylethanolamines and downregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogens/plasmanyls. More profound changes were observed in HUA ≤ 40 and Gout ≤ 40 without ULT. Multivariate statistics differentiated HUA ≤ 40 and Gout ≤ 40 groups from HC with an overall accuracy of > 95%. CONCLUSION Alterations in the lipidome of HUA and Gout patients show a significant impact on lipid metabolism. The most significant glycerophospholipid dysregulation was found in HUA ≤ 40 and Gout ≤ 40 patients, together with a correction of this imbalance with ULT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Kvasnička
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radana Brumarová
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Pavlíková
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Pavelcová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mašínová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hasíková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Závada
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ješina
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Stibůrková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Tsai HH, Tantoh DM, Hsiao CH, Zhong JH, Chen CY, Liaw YP. Risk of gout in Taiwan Biobank participants pertaining to their sex and family history of gout among first-degree relatives. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5315-5325. [PMID: 37668883 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of gout and sex are independently associated with gout. However, there is a paucity of research regarding the joint role of both factors in gout pathogenesis. Therefore, we assessed the independent and combined association of family history of gout and sex with gout. METHODS Our analysis included 132,311 Taiwan Biobank (TWB)-enrolled individuals comprising 21,159 gout cases and 111,152 controls. We subcategorized the family history of gout as (1) both siblings and parents had gout), (2) only parents had gout, and (3) only siblings had gout. RESULTS Generally, sex (men compared to women) and family history of gout were independently associated with a higher risk of gout. The odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI) was 9.175; 8.801-9.566 for sex, and 2.306; 2.206-2.410 for family history. For the subcategories 'both siblings and had gout,' 'only parents had gout,' and 'only siblings had gout,' the odds ratios (ORs); 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 4.944; 4.414-5.538, 2.041; 1.927-2.161, and 2.162; 2.012-2.323, respectively. The interaction between sex and family history was significant (p value = 0.0001). After stratification by sex, family history of gout remained significantly associated with a higher risk of gout in both sexes, even though the odds ratios were higher in men. For the subcategories 'both siblings and parents had gout,' 'only parent had gout,' and 'only siblings had gout,' the corresponding ORs; 95% CIs were 6.279; 5.243-7.520, 2.211; 2.062-2.371, and 2.148; 1.955-2.361 in men and 4.199; 3.566-4.945, 1.827; 1.640-2.035, and 2.093; 1.876-2.336 in women. After integrating sex and family history (reference: women with no family history), the highest risk of gout was observed in men who had at least one parent and sibling with a history of gout (OR; 95% CI 55.774; 46.360-67.101). CONCLUSION Sex and family history of gout were independently and interactively associated with gout. Sex-wise, men had a higher risk of gout than women. Family history was associated with a higher risk of gout in both sexes, but men had a higher risk. Notably, men having both siblings and parents with gout had the highest risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Han Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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Kim JH, Yang HJ, Park S, Lee HJ, Song YS. Differential Gene Expression in the Penile Cavernosum of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int Neurourol J 2023; 27:234-242. [PMID: 38171323 PMCID: PMC10762368 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2346074.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Men with diabetes mellitus (DM) often present with severe erectile dysfunction (ED). This ED is less responsive to current pharmacological therapies. If we know the upregulated or downregulated genes of diabetic ED, we can inhibit or enhance the expression of such genes through RNA or gene overexpression. METHODS To investigate gene changes associated with ED in type 1 DM, we examined the alterations of gene expression in the cavernosum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Specifically, we considered 11,636 genes (9,623 upregulated and 2,013 downregulated) to be differentially expressed in the diabetic rat cavernosum group (n=4) compared to the control group (n=4). The analysis of differentially expressed genes using the gene ontology (GO) classification indicated that the following were enriched: downregulated genes such as cell cycle, extracellular matrix, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis and upregulated genes such as calcium signaling, neurotrophin signaling, apoptosis, arginine and proline metabolism, gap junction, transforming growth factor-β signaling, tight junction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We examined a more than 2-fold upregulated or downregulated change in expression, using real time polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, using the GO classification, indicated the enrichment. RESULTS Of the 41,105 genes initially considered, statistical filtering of the array analysis showed 9,623 upregulated genes and 2,013 downregulated genes with at least 2-fold changes in expression (P<0.05). With Bonferroni correction, SLC2A9 (solute carrier family 2 member 9), LRRC20 (leucine rick repeat containing 20), PLK1 (polo like kinase 1), and AATK (apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase) were all 2-fold changed genes. CONCLUSION This study broadens the scope of candidate genes that may be relevant to the pathophysiology of diabetic ED. In particular, their enhancement or inhibition could represent a novel treatment for diabetic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jo Yang
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
- Research Institute, e-biogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Zeng X, Liu Y, Fan Y, Wu D, Meng Y, Qin M. Agents for the Treatment of Gout: Current Advances and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14474-14493. [PMID: 37908076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Gout is characterized by hyperuricemia and the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals around joints. Despite the availability of several drugs on the market, its treatment remains challenging owing to the notable side effects, such as hepatorenal toxicity and cardiovascular complications, that are associated with most existing agents. This perspective aims to summarize the current research progress in the development of antigout agents, particularly focusing on xanthine oxidase (XO) and urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry viewpoint and their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs). This perspective provides valuable insights and theoretical guidance to medicinal chemists for the discovery of antigout agents with novel chemical structures, better efficiency, and lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yangyang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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21
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Hou X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Xiao Z. Discovery of Novel Biphenyl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Potent URAT1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7415. [PMID: 37959834 PMCID: PMC10648204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a clinically validated target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Due to the absence of protein structures, the molecular design of new URAT1 inhibitors generally resorts to ligand-based approaches. Two series of biphenyl carboxylic acids were designed based on the structures of URAT1 inhibitors Epaminurad and Telmisartan via a strategy of pharmacophore fusion. Fifty-one novel compounds were synthesized and most of them showed obvious inhibition against human URAT1. A1 and B21 were identified as the most potent URAT1 inhibitors in series A and B, respectively. They exhibited IC50 values of 0.93 μM and 0.17 μM, which were comparable or superior to the clinical uricosuric drug benzbromarone. The results confirmed the effectiveness of ligand-based approaches in identifying novel and potent URAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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22
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Tang C, Cen L, Zeng H, Zhang X, Liu P, Chen Y, Song X, Lin B, Zhang X, Yu C, Xu C. Inhibiting Hepatocyte Uric Acid Synthesis and Reabsorption Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:251-265. [PMID: 37879407 PMCID: PMC10765060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced liver injury worldwide. Uric acid (UA) is involved in sterile inflammation in many organs, but its role in APAP-induced liver injury remains elusive. METHODS We quantified the concentration of UA in the serum and liver tissues of APAP-overdosed mice and explored the changes in proteins involved in UA synthesis, absorption, and degeneration on APAP stimulation. We also examined the effects of inhibiting hepatocyte UA synthesis or reabsorption on APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Furthermore, we explored the process of UA clearance by peripheral macrophages. RESULTS APAP overdose significantly increased intrahepatic UA contents, which occurred earlier than apparent hepatocyte injury in APAP-overdosed mice. APAP overdose induced significant DNA leakage and may thereby increase the substrate of UA synthesis. APAP overdose also significantly increased the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase and urate oxidase and decreased the expression of the UA reabsorption transporter GLUT9 in hepatocytes. Inhibiting hepatocyte UA synthesis by febuxostat or reabsorption by hepatic-specific knockout of GLUT9 alleviated APAP-induced liver injury. Further experiments showed that monosodium urate but not soluble UA may be a major form of UA mediating hepatocyte injury. Additionally, monosodium urate further recruited circulating macrophages into the liver and then aggravated inflammation by increasing the levels of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species. Deletion of macrophages significantly ameliorated APAP-induced liver injury in mice. CONCLUSIONS APAP overdose induces excessive UA production and leads to local high concentrations in the liver, which further injures cells and induces liver inflammation. Inhibiting the production of UA may be a potential therapeutic option for treating APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuequn Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Ueda M, Fukui K, Kamatani N, Kamitsuji S, Matsuo A, Sasase T, Nishiu J, Matsushita M. GLUT9 as a potential drug target for chronic kidney disease: Drug target validation by a Mendelian randomization study. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:699-704. [PMID: 37308567 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as a major public health concern, effective treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Identification and validation of drug targets are key issues in the development of therapeutic agents for CKD. Uric acid (UA), a major risk factor for gout, has also been suggested to be a risk factor for CKD, but the efficacy of existing urate-lowering therapies for CKD is controversial. We focused on five uric acid transporters (ABCG2, SLC17A1, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, SLC2A9) as potential drug targets and evaluated the causal association between serum UA levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using single-SNP Mendelian Randomization. The results showed a causal association between genetically predicted changes in serum UA levels and eGFR when genetic variants were selected from the SLC2A9 locus. Estimation based on a loss-of-function mutation (rs16890979) showed that the changes in eGFR per unit increase in serum UA level was -0.0082 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI -0.014 to -0.0025, P = 0.0051). These results indicate that SLC2A9 may be a novel drug target for CKD that preserves renal function through its urate-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ueda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Matsuo
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nishiu
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
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24
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Zhang Y, Wu C, Li Q, Fang S, Hou M, Zhang S, Dong X. Development of a tumor microenvironment-related prognostic signature in glioma to predict immune landscape and potential therapeutic drugs. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23448. [PMID: 37365744 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the biology of gliomas has expanded, while it is yet uncertain its potential of supporting diagnosis and therapy choices. According to immunological characteristics and overall survival, cohorts of glioma patients from public databases were separated into two TME-relevant clusters in this analysis. Based on differentially expressed genes between TME clusters and correlative regression analysis, a 21-gene molecular classifier of TME-related prognostic signature (TPS) was constructed. Afterward, the prognostic efficacy and effectiveness of TPS were assessed in the training and validation groups. The outcome demonstrated that TPS might be utilized alone or in conjunction with other clinical criteria to act as a superior prognostic predictor for glioma. Also, high-risk glioma patients classified by TPS were considered to associate with enhanced immune infiltration, greater tumor mutation, and worse general prognosis. Finally, possible treatment medicines specialized for different risk subgroups of TPS were evaluated in drug databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmiao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Sunfu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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25
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Peng X, Li X, Xie B, Lai Y, Sosnik A, Boucetta H, Chen Z, He W. Gout therapeutics and drug delivery. J Control Release 2023; 362:728-754. [PMID: 37690697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis caused by persistently elevated uric acid levels. With the improvement of people's living standards, the consumption of processed food and the widespread use of drugs that induce elevated uric acid, gout rates are increasing, seriously affecting the human quality of life, and becoming a burden to health systems worldwide. Since the pathological mechanism of gout has been elucidated, there are relatively effective drug treatments in clinical practice. However, due to (bio)pharmaceutical shortcomings of these drugs, such as poor chemical stability and limited ability to target the pathophysiological pathways, traditional drug treatment strategies show low efficacy and safety. In this scenario, drug delivery systems (DDS) design that overcome these drawbacks is urgently called for. In this review, we initially describe the pathological features, the therapeutic targets, and the drugs currently in clinical use and under investigation to treat gout. We also comprehensively summarize recent research efforts utilizing lipid, polymeric and inorganic carriers to develop advanced DDS for improved gout management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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26
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Wen YF, Brundage RC, Roman YM, Culhane-Pera KA, Straka RJ. Population pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics modelling of oxypurinol in Hmong adults with gout and/or hyperuricemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:2964-2976. [PMID: 37202871 PMCID: PMC10527451 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to quantify identifiable sources of variability, including key pharmacogenetic variants in oxypurinol pharmacokinetics and their pharmacodynamic effect on serum urate (SU). METHODS Hmong participants (n = 34) received 100 mg allopurinol twice daily for 7 days followed by 150 mg allopurinol twice daily for 7 days. A sequential population pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamics (PKPD) analysis with non-linear mixed effects modelling was performed. Allopurinol maintenance dose to achieve target SU was simulated based on the final PKPD model. RESULTS A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination best described the oxypurinol concentration-time data. Inhibition of SU by oxypurinol was described with a direct inhibitory Emax model using steady-state oxypurinol concentrations. Fat-free body mass, estimated creatinine clearance and SLC22A12 rs505802 genotype (0.32 per T allele, 95% CI 0.13, 0.55) were found to predict differences in oxypurinol clearance. Oxypurinol concentration required to inhibit 50% of xanthine dehydrogenase activity was affected by PDZK1 rs12129861 genotype (-0.27 per A allele, 95% CI -0.38, -0.13). Most individuals with both PDZK1 rs12129861 AA and SLC22A12 rs505802 CC genotypes achieve target SU (with at least 75% success rate) with allopurinol below the maximum dose, regardless of renal function and body mass. In contrast, individuals with both PDZK1 rs12129861 GG and SLC22A12 rs505802 TT genotypes would require more than the maximum dose, thus requiring selection of alternative medications. CONCLUSIONS The proposed allopurinol dosing guide uses individuals' fat-free mass, renal function and SLC22A12 rs505802 and PDZK1 rs12129861 genotypes to achieve target SU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Wen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Richard C. Brundage
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Youssef M. Roman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science,
School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Straka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Fernando PMS, Gunasekara RASR, Schröder S, Beetz C, Jayawardena A, Jasinge EA. Autosomal Recessive Renal Hypouricemia Type 2 Presenting with Childhood Stroke in a Sri Lankan Child. Lab Med 2023; 54:543-545. [PMID: 36857484 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Mihika S Fernando
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Anura Jayawardena
- Paediatric Unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Eresha A Jasinge
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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28
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Fu B, Pazokitoroudi A, Sudarshan M, Liu Z, Subramanian L, Sankararaman S. Fast kernel-based association testing of non-linear genetic effects for biobank-scale data. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4936. [PMID: 37582955 PMCID: PMC10427662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of non-linear genetic effects on complex traits remains limited, in part, due to the modest power to detect such effects. While kernel-based tests offer a versatile approach to test for non-linear relationships between sets of genetic variants and traits, current approaches cannot be applied to Biobank-scale datasets containing hundreds of thousands of individuals. We propose, FastKAST, a kernel-based approach that can test for non-linear effects of a set of variants on a quantitative trait. FastKAST provides calibrated hypothesis tests while enabling analysis of Biobank-scale datasets with hundreds of thousands of unrelated individuals from a homogeneous population. We apply FastKAST to 53 quantitative traits measured across ≈ 300 K unrelated white British individuals in the UK Biobank to detect sets of variants with non-linear effects at genome-wide significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Fu
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Mukund Sudarshan
- Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengtong Liu
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lakshminarayanan Subramanian
- Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sriram Sankararaman
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wu X, Zhou M, Bu J, Chang Y, Mahan Y, Lu H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhou L. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia in the Urban Health Checkup Population in Xinjiang, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1531-1544. [PMID: 37602364 PMCID: PMC10438452 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s423794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, the aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia (HUA) in the urban health checkup population in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and thus provide clues for the prevention of HUA. Methods People who attended medical examinations from May 2021 to June 2022 at a hospital in Urumqi, Xinjiang, were selected for evaluation based on their general information, physical examination results, and laboratory test results. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there was a difference in the prevalence of HUA among participants with different characteristics. Using logistic regression analyses, risk factors for HUA were identified. Results There were 8722 participants diagnosed with HUA, with an overall prevalence of 26.96%. The prevalence in men was 37.72%, significantly higher than in women (13.29%). Participants were characterized by a multiethnic composition, with Han (28.61%), Hui (27.88%) and Manchu (38.46%) being the three ethnicities with the highest prevalence. According to logistic regression analyses, HUA was associated with age, ethnicity, residence, marital status, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FPG), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia differently in males and females. Conclusion The prevalence of HUA was high in the urban health checkup population in Urumqi, Xinjiang, particularly among men and youth. The early intervention for HUA should be enhanced to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and other related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxia Wu
- Medical Research and Transformation Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Health Management Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Bu
- Medical Research and Transformation Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Chang
- Health Management Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeledan Mahan
- Medical Research and Transformation Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- Health Management Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Scientific Research and Education Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Medical Research and Transformation Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Medical Research and Transformation Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Medical Research and Transformation Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Haruyama N, Nakayama M, Fukui A, Yoshitomi R, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Kitazono T. Sex differences in the association between urate metabolism and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:687-700. [PMID: 37115380 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum uric acid (SUA) concentration and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is controversial. Furthermore, there are no reports regarding the association of clearance of uric acid (CUA) with kidney outcomes. We aimed to determine whether SUA or CUA was associated with kidney outcomes in patients with CKD stratified by sex. METHODS The present prospective study was conducted in 815 patients (523 men and 292 women) with CKD. The participants were divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) of SUA or CUA for each sex. Endpoints were defined as a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (SCr), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), or death (outcome 1) and a composite of doubling of SCr or ESKD (outcome 2). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 2.5 years, outcomes 1 and 2 occurred in 363 and 321 patients, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted Cox analyses showed that in men, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for outcome 1 of Q1, Q2, and Q3 of CUA were 2.08 (1.18-3.70), 2.03 (1.22-3.39), and 1.85 (1.17-2.95), respectively, compared with Q4. Additionally, there were similar associations between lower CUA quartiles and outcome 2 in men. However, no associations between SUA and either outcome were observed in men. Conversely, in women, neither SUA nor CUA was associated with an outcome. CONCLUSION In CKD, lower CUA was independently associated with poor kidney outcomes only in men, and in both sexes, there was no association of SUA with kidney outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haruyama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan.
| | - Akiko Fukui
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Ryota Yoshitomi
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Li M, Wu X, Guo Z, Gao R, Ni Z, Cui H, Zong M, Van Bockstaele F, Lou W. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum enables blood urate control in mice through degradation of nucleosides in gastrointestinal tract. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:153. [PMID: 37468996 PMCID: PMC10354915 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus species in gut microbiota shows great promise in alleviation of metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of how Lactobacillus interacts with metabolites in circulation. Here, using high nucleoside intake to induce hyperuricemia in mice, we investigated the improvement in systemic urate metabolism by oral administration of L. plantarum via different host pathways. RESULTS Gene expression analysis demonstrated that L. plantarum inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in liver to suppress urate synthesis. The gut microbiota composition did not dramatically change by oral administration of L. plantarum over 14 days, indicated by no significant difference in α and β diversities. However, multi-omic network analysis revealed that increase of L. plantarum and decrease of L. johnsonii contributed to a decrease in serum urate levels. Besides, genomic analysis and recombinant protein expression showed that three ribonucleoside hydrolases, RihA-C, in L. plantarum rapidly and cooperatively catalyzed the hydrolysis of nucleosides into nucleobases. Furthermore, the absorption of nucleobase by intestinal epithelial cells was less than that of nucleoside, which resulted in a reduction of urate generation, evidenced by the phenomenon that mice fed with nucleobase diet generated less serum urate than those fed with nucleoside diet over a period of 9-day gavage. CONCLUSION Collectively, our work provides substantial evidence identifying the specific role of L. plantarum in improvement of urate circulation. We highlight the importance of the enzymes RihA-C existing in L. plantarum for the urate metabolism in hyperuricemia mice induced by a high-nucleoside diet. Although the direct connection between nucleobase transport and host urate levels has not been identified, the lack of nucleobase transporter in intestinal epithelial cells might be important to decrease its absorption and metabolization for urate production, leading to the decrease of serum urate in host. These findings provide important insights into urate metabolism regulation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Li
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Food Structure and Function Research Group (FSF), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewang Guo
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruichen Gao
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifu Ni
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualing Cui
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Zong
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Filip Van Bockstaele
- Food Structure and Function Research Group (FSF), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wenyong Lou
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Lin K, McCormick N, Yokose C, Joshi AD, Lu N, Curhan GC, Merriman TR, Saag KG, Ridker PM, Buring JE, Chasman DI, Hu FB, Choi HK. Interactions Between Genetic Risk and Diet Influencing Risk of Incident Female Gout: Discovery and Replication Analysis of Four Prospective Cohorts. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1028-1038. [PMID: 36512683 PMCID: PMC10238565 DOI: 10.1002/art.42419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the cross-sectional gene-diet interaction for prevalent hyperuricemia among women translates prospectively to risk of incident female gout. METHODS We analyzed the interaction between genetic predisposition and adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (i.e., Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH] score) on risk of incident female gout in 18,244 women from Nurses' Health Study (NHS; discovery) and 136,786 women from 3 additional prospective female cohorts from the US and UK (replication). Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 114 urate-associated loci. RESULTS In the NHS and replication cohorts, association between diet and gout risk was larger and stronger among women with higher genetic risk. In all cohorts combined, compared to women with an unhealthy DASH score (less than the mean score), multivariable relative risk (RR) for incident gout among women with a healthy DASH score (greater than/equal to the mean score) was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.60-0.76) among higher GRS (greater than/equal to the mean score) and 0.91 (0.78-1.05) among lower GRS (P for multiplicative interaction = 0.001); multivariable RR for higher versus lower GRS was 2.03 (95% CI 1.80-2.29) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.31-1.71) among unhealthy and healthy DASH score groups, respectively. Additive interaction was also significant, in both the discovery and replication cohorts (P < 0.001), with 51% of the excess risk attributable to the additive gene-diet interaction in all cohorts combined. CONCLUSION The deleterious effect of genetic predisposition on risk of incident female gout was more pronounced among women with unhealthy diets, with nearly half the excess risk attributable to this gene-diet interaction. These data elucidate the important synergy of genetics and diet for female gout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie McCormick
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chio Yokose
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Lu
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary C. Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony R. Merriman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth G. Saag
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Anders HJ, Li Q, Steiger S. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia in chronic kidney disease: mechanisms and clinical implications. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:928-938. [PMID: 37261000 PMCID: PMC10229286 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia (HU) is considered a pathogenic factor in multiple disease contexts, but a causative role is only proven for the crystalline form of uric acid in gouty arthritis and urate nephropathy. Epidemiological studies document a robust association of HU with hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CKD progression, but CKD-related impaired uric acid (UA) clearance and the use of diuretics that further impair UA clearance likely accounts for these associations. Interpreting the available trial evidence is further complicated by referring to xanthine oxidase inhibitors as urate-lowering treatment, although these drugs inhibit other substrates, so attributing their effects only to HU is problematic. In this review we provide new mechanistic insights into the biological effects of soluble and crystalline UA and discuss clinical evidence on the role of asymptomatic HU in CKD, CVD and sterile inflammation. We identify research areas with gaps in experimental and clinical evidence, specifically on infectious complications that represent the second common cause of death in CKD patients, referred to as secondary immunodeficiency related to kidney disease. In addition, we address potential therapeutic approaches on how and when to treat asymptomatic HU in patients with kidney disease and where further interventional studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Qiubo Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Perdomo-Ramirez A, Cordoba-Lanus E, Trujillo-Frias CJ, Gonzalez-Navasa C, Ramos-Trujillo E, Luis-Yanes MI, Garcia-Nieto V, Claverie-Martin F. Pathogenic Variants of SLC22A12 (URAT1) and SLC2A9 (GLUT9) in Spanish Patients with Renal Hypouricemia: Founder Effect of SLC2A9 Variant c.374C>T; p.(T125M). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098455. [PMID: 37176161 PMCID: PMC10179447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by impaired urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule resulting in low urate serum levels and increased urate excretion. Some patients may present severe complications such as exercise-induced acute renal failure and nephrolithiasis. RHUC is caused by inactivating mutations in the SLC22A12 (RHUC type 1) or SLC2A9 (RHUC type 2) genes, which encode urate transporters URAT1 and GLUT9, respectively. In this study, our goal was to identify mutations associated with twenty-one new cases with RHUC through direct sequencing of SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 coding exons. Additionally, we carried out an SNPs-haplotype analysis to determine whether the rare SLC2A9 variant c.374C>T; p.(T125M), which is recurrent in Spanish families with RHUC type 2, had a common-linked haplotype. Six intragenic informative SNPs were analyzed using PCR amplification from genomic DNA and direct sequencing. Our results showed that ten patients carried the SLC22A12 mutation c.1400C>T; p.(T467M), ten presented the SLC2A9 mutation c.374C>T, and one carried a new SLC2A9 heterozygous mutation, c.593G>A; p.(R198H). Patients carrying the SLC2A9 mutation c.374C>T share a common-linked haplotype, confirming that it emerged due to a founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perdomo-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Cordoba-Lanus
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Publica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Jane Trujillo-Frias
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Navasa
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Seccion Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Fisica y Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos-Trujillo
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Seccion Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Fisica y Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Luis-Yanes
- Unidad de Nefrologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victor Garcia-Nieto
- Unidad de Nefrologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Felix Claverie-Martin
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Liu H, Xie R, Dai Q, Fang J, Xu Y, Li B. Exploring the mechanism underlying hyperuricemia using comprehensive research on multi-omics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7161. [PMID: 37138053 PMCID: PMC10156710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia involves multiple complex metabolisms, but no study has conducted a comprehensive analysis using human blood and urine metabolomics for hyperuricemia. Serum and urine samples from 10 patients with hyperuricemia and 5 controls were collected and analyzed by the UHPLC-MS/MS. Differential metabolites were identified and used in the enrichment analysis where we collected hyperuricemia target genes. Hyperuricemia kidney differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA-sequencing data from the hyperuricemia mouse model induced by the potassium oxonate. A Mendelian randomization analysis of the association between caffeine-containing drinks and gout risk was conducted. An intersection analysis between hyperuricemia target genes and hyperuricemia kidney DEGs was conducted and the resulting genes were used for network analysis using the STRING. 227 differential metabolites were identified as differential metabolites and were enriched in 7 KEGG pathways, among which "Caffeine metabolism" was the top. The Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a significant association between tea or coffee intake and gout risk. There were 2173 genes that were identified as hyperuricemia kidney DEGs from mouse data. The intersection analysis identified 51 genes for the hyperuricemia regulation network. A hyperuricemia regulation protein network in the kidney was constructed. This study suggested a potential association between caffeine and hyperuricemia and constructed a hyperuricemia regulation network for future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Liu
- Xinkaiyuan Pharmaceuticals, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Yinuo Biomedical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolin Xie
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ji Fang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Xu
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Tao H, Mo Y, Liu W, Wang H. A review on gout: Looking back and looking ahead. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109977. [PMID: 37012869 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a metabolic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals inside joints, which leads to inflammation and tissue damage. Increased concentration of serum urate is an essential step in the development of gout. Serum urate is regulated by urate transporters in the kidney and intestine, especially GLUT9 (SLC2A9), URAT1 (SLC22A12) and ABCG. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome bodies and subsequent release of IL-1β by monosodium urate crystals induce the crescendo of acute gouty arthritis, while neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are considered to drive the self-resolving of gout within a few days. If untreated, acute gout may eventually develop into chronic tophaceous gout characterized by tophi, chronic gouty synovitis, and structural joint damage, leading the crushing burden of treatment. Although the research on the pathological mechanism of gout has been gradually deepened in recent years, many clinical manifestations of gout are still unable to be fully elucidated. Here, we reviewed the molecular pathological mechanism behind various clinical manifestations of gout, with a view to making contributions to further understanding and treatment.
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Vitamin C transporter SVCT1 serves a physiological role as a urate importer: functional analyses and in vivo investigations. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:489-504. [PMID: 36749388 PMCID: PMC10011331 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism in humans, is crucial because of its anti-oxidant activity and a causal relationship with hyperuricemia and gout. Several physiologically important urate transporters regulate this water-soluble metabolite in the human body; however, the existence of latent transporters has been suggested in the literature. We focused on the Escherichia coli urate transporter YgfU, a nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (NAT) family member, to address this issue. Only SLC23A proteins are members of the NAT family in humans. Based on the amino acid sequence similarity to YgfU, we hypothesized that SLC23A1, also known as sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1), might be a urate transporter. First, we identified human SVCT1 and mouse Svct1 as sodium-dependent low-affinity/high-capacity urate transporters using mammalian cell-based transport assays. Next, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system followed by the crossing of mice, we generated Svct1 knockout mice lacking both urate transporter 1 and uricase. In the hyperuricemic mice model, serum urate levels were lower than controls, suggesting that Svct1 disruption could reduce serum urate. Given that Svct1 physiologically functions as a renal vitamin C re-absorber, it could also be involved in urate re-uptake from urine, though additional studies are required to obtain deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms. Our findings regarding the dual-substrate specificity of SVCT1 expand the understanding of urate handling systems and functional evolutionary changes in NAT family proteins.
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Cachau R, Shahsavari S, Cho SK. The in-silico evaluation of important GLUT9 residue for uric acid transport based on renal hypouricemia type 2. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110378. [PMID: 36736875 PMCID: PMC10596759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Uric acid transporters in the renal proximal tubule plays a key role in uric acid transport. Functional abnormalities in these transporters could lead to high or low levels of uric acid in the blood plasma, known as hyperuricemia and hypouricemia, respectively. GLUT9 has been reported as a key transporter for uric acid reuptake in renal proximal tubule. GLUT9 mutation is known as causal gene for renal hypouricemia due to defective uric acid uptake, with more severe cases resulting in urolithiasis and exercise induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI). However, the effect of mutation is not fully investigated and hard to predict the change of binding affinity. We comprehensively described the effect of GLUT9 mutation for uric acid transport using molecular dynamics and investigated the specific site for uric acid binding differences. R171C and R380W showed the significant disruption of the structure not affecting transport dynamics whereas L75R, G216R, N333S, and P412R showed the reduced affinity of the extracellular vestibular area towards urate. Interestingly, T125 M showed a significant increase in intracellular binding energy, associated with distorted geometries. We can use this classification to consider the effect mutations by comparing the transport profiles of mutants against those of chemical candidates for transport and providing new perspectives to urate lowering drug discovery using GLUT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Cachau
- Integrated Data Science Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sung Kweon Cho
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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Mandal AK, Leask MP, Sumpter NA, Choi HK, Merriman TR, Mount DB. Genetic and Physiological Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) on Human Urate Homeostasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:451-466. [PMID: 36735516 PMCID: PMC10103387 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hyperinsulinemia induces hyperuricemia by activating net renal urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. The basolateral reabsorptive urate transporter GLUT9a appears to be the dominant target for insulin. By contrast, IGF-1 infusion reduces serum urate (SU), through mechanisms unknown. Genetic variants of IGF1R associated with reduced SU have increased IGF-1R expression and interact with genes encoding the GLUT9 and ABCG2 urate transporters, in a sex-specific fashion, which controls the SU level. Activation of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in Xenopus oocytes modestly activates GLUT9a and inhibits insulin's stimulatory effect on the transporter, which also activates multiple secretory urate transporters-ABCG2, ABCC4, OAT1, and OAT3. The results collectively suggest that IGF-1 reduces SU by activating secretory urate transporters and inhibiting insulin's action on GLUT9a. BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia are associated with hyperuricemia. Insulin infusion in healthy volunteers elevates serum urate (SU) by activating net urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule, whereas IGF-1 infusion reduces SU by mechanisms unknown. Variation within the IGF1R gene also affects SU levels. METHODS Colocalization analyses of a SU genome-wide association studies signal at IGF1R and expression quantitative trait loci signals in cis using COLOC2, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and urate transport assays in transfected HEK 293T cells and in Xenopus laevis oocytes. RESULTS Genetic association at IGF1R with SU is stronger in women and is mediated by control of IGF1R expression. Inheritance of the urate-lowering homozygous genotype at the SLC2A9 locus is associated with a differential effect of IGF1R genotype between men and women. IGF-1, through IGF-1R, stimulated urate uptake in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and transfected HEK 293T cells, through activation of IRS1, PI3/Akt, MEK/ERK, and p38 MAPK; urate uptake was inhibited in the presence of uricosuric drugs, specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase, PI3 kinase (PI3K), ERK, and p38 MAPK. In X. laevis oocytes expressing ten individual urate transporters, IGF-1 through endogenous IGF-1R stimulated urate transport mediated by GLUT9, OAT1, OAT3, ABCG2, and ABCC4 and inhibited insulin's stimulatory action on GLUT9a and OAT3. IGF-1 significantly activated Akt and ERK. Specific inhibitors of PI3K, ERK, and PKC significantly affected IGF-1 stimulation of urate transport in oocytes. CONCLUSIONS The combined results of infusion, genetics, and transport experiments suggest that IGF-1 reduces SU by activating urate secretory transporters and inhibiting insulin's action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Mandal
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan P. Leask
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nicholas A. Sumpter
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hyon K. Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tony R. Merriman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David B. Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Urate Transporter 1 Can Be a Therapeutic Target Molecule for Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020567. [PMID: 36831103 PMCID: PMC9953369 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem for which there are no curative drug treatments. Hyperuricemia is one of risk factors for CKD. The evidence on effects of uric acid (UA)-lowering treatments on the progression of CKD was very limited and previous meta-analyses used only trials which primarily used xanthin oxidase (XO) inhibitors because the reports on fulminant hepatitis due to benzbromarone kept us from using uricosuric agents for hyperuricemia patients. Dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia, reduces serum UA levels by selectively inhibiting urate transporter 1 (URAT1). We retrospectively picked up patients who had taken dotinurad from June 2018 to August 2021 and compared metabolic parameters at baseline with the data at 3 and 6 months after the start of dotinurad. We found 84 patients, and approximately 74% of patients were complicated with CKD. After the start of dotinurad, improvements in serum lipids, systolic blood pressure, body weight, and albuminuria, in addition to reduction in serum UA, were observed. Dotinurad increased urinary UA excretion, and was effective to reduce serum UA in patients with both UA underexcretion type and renal UA overload type. Furthermore, urinary UA excretion was significantly and negatively correlated with serum creatine levels at baseline and at 6 months after the start of dotinurad, and the change in urinary UA excretion after 3 months was significantly and negatively correlated with change in serum creatine levels. The property of dotinurad, which selectively inhibits URAT1, but not other UA transporters, such as ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, and 2 (ABCG2), which ABCG2 is a UA and uremic toxin exporter, may be beneficially associated with pathology of CKD. URAT1 can be a therapeutic target molecule for CKD and DKD.
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Niu Y, Li Q, Tu C, Li N, Gao L, Lin H, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Li L. Hypouricemic Actions of the Pericarp of Mangosteen in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:24-33. [PMID: 36634312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the result of overproduction and/or underexcretion of uric acid, and it is a well-known risk factor for gout, hypertension, and diabetes. However, available drugs for hyperuricemia in the clinic are limited. Recently, a lot of research has been conducted in order to discover new uric acid-lowering agents from plants and foods. We found that the extracts from the pericarp of mangosteen reduced urate. Bioactivity-guided study showed that α-mangostin was the principal constituent. Herein, we reported for the first time the hypouricemic activities and underling mechanism of α-mangostin. The α-mangostin dose- and time-dependently decreased the levels of serum urate in hyperuricemic mice and markedly increased the clearance of urate in hyperuricemic rats, exhibiting a promotion of urate excretion in the kidney. Further evidence showed that α-mangostin significantly decreased the protein levels of GLUT9 in the kidneys. The change in the expression of URAT1 was not observed. Moreover, α-mangostin did not inhibit the activities of xanthine oxidoreductase and uricase in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that α-mangostin has potential to be developed as a new anti-hyperuricemic agent with promoting uric acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Niu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Caixia Tu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Na Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lihui Gao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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Toyoda Y, Cho SK, Tasic V, Pavelcová K, Bohatá J, Suzuki H, David VA, Yoon J, Pallaiova A, Šaligová J, Nousome D, Cachau R, Winkler CA, Takada T, Stibůrková B. Identification of a dysfunctional exon-skipping splice variant in GLUT9/ SLC2A9 causal for renal hypouricemia type 2. Front Genet 2023; 13:1048330. [PMID: 36733941 PMCID: PMC9887137 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1048330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a pathological condition characterized by extremely low serum urate and overexcretion of urate in the kidney; this inheritable disorder is classified into type 1 and type 2 based on causative genes encoding physiologically-important urate transporters, URAT1 and GLUT9, respectively; however, research on RHUC type 2 is still behind type 1. We herein describe a typical familial case of RHUC type 2 found in a Slovak family with severe hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria. Via clinico-genetic analyses including whole exome sequencing and in vitro functional assays, we identified an intronic GLUT9 variant, c.1419+1G>A, as the causal mutation that could lead the expression of p.Gly431GlufsTer28, a functionally-null variant resulting from exon 11 skipping. The causal relationship was also confirmed in another unrelated Macedonian family with mild hypouricemia. Accordingly, non-coding regions should be also kept in mind during genetic diagnosis for hypouricemia. Our findings provide a better pathogenic understanding of RHUC and pathophysiological importance of GLUT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Toyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung Kweon Cho
- Molecular Genetics Epidemiology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victor A. David
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaeho Yoon
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Jana Šaligová
- Metabolic Clinic, Children’s Faculty Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Darryl Nousome
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Raul Cachau
- Integrated Data Science Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Molecular Genetics Epidemiology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Blanka Stibůrková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Blanka Stibůrková,
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Evaluation of ABCG2-mediated extra-renal urate excretion in hemodialysis patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:93. [PMID: 36639673 PMCID: PMC9839766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-thirds of urate is excreted via the renal pathway and the remaining one-third via the extra-renal pathway, the latter mainly via the intestine in healthy individuals. ABCG2, a urate exporter, is expressed in various tissues including the kidney and intestine, and its dysfunction leads to hyperuricemia and gout. ABCG2 is regarded as being responsible for most of the extra-renal urate excretion. However, the extra-renal urate excretion capacity via ABCG2 remains undefined in end-stage kidney diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the capacity of extra-renal ABCG2 using 123 anuric hemodialysis patients whose urate excretion depended on only the extra-renal pathway. ABCG2 function in each participant was estimated based on ABCG2 dysfunctional variants. We computed the uric acid pool (PoolUA) from bodyweight and serum urate level (SUA) using previously reported radio-isotopic data, and we analyzed the association between ABCG2 function and the PoolUA. SUA and PoolUA increased significantly with ABCG2 dysfunction, and extra-renal ABCG2 could excrete up to approximately 60% of the daily uric acid turnover in hemodialysis patients. Our findings indicate that the extra-renal urate excretion capacity can expand with renal function decline and highlight that the extra-renal pathway is particularly important in the uric acid homeostasis for patients with renal dysfunction.
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Zhang J, Sun W, Gao F, Lu J, Li K, Xu Y, Li Y, Li C, Chen Y. Changes of serum uric acid level during acute gout flare and related factors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077059. [PMID: 36896178 PMCID: PMC9989260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By studying the changes of serum uric acid (SUA) in acute stage and remission stage of gouty arthritis, we aimed to explore the relationship between the changes of SUA level and free glucocorticoids and inflammatory factors. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on 50 acute gout patients in the dedicated gout clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected during the acute phase and two weeks after the initial visit. Patients with acute gouty arthritis were treated primarily with colchicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RESULTS A total of 32 patients completed the two-week follow-up trial. SUA levels were significantly downregulated during the acute flare than after the flare (464.14 ± 90.97 vs. 527.36 ± 86.90 μmol/L, p < 0.001). The 24-hour fractional excretion of uric acid (24 h FEur) (5.54 ± 2.82% vs. 4.68 ± 2.83%, p < 0.001) and 24-hour urinary uric acid excretion (24 h Uur) (663.08 ± 249.48 μmol/L vs. 540.87 ± 263.18 μmol/L, p = 0.001) increased significantly in patients during the acute phase. The percent change in SUA was associated with those in 24 h FEur and C-reactive protein. Meanwhile, the percent change in 24 h Uur was associated with those in 24-hour urinary free cortisol, percent change in interleukin 1β and interleukin 6. CONCLUSION Decreased SUA level during the acute gout flare was associated with increased excretion of urinary uric acid. Inflammatory factors and bioactive free glucocorticoids may play significant roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yijun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yushuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chen, ; Changgui Li,
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chen, ; Changgui Li,
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Yan F, Xue X, Lu J, Dalbeth N, Qi H, Yu Q, Wang C, Sun M, Cui L, Liu Z, He Y, Yuan X, Chen Y, Cheng X, Ma L, Li H, Ji A, Hu S, Ran Z, Terkeltaub R, Li C. Superiority of Low-Dose Benzbromarone to Low-Dose Febuxostat in a Prospective, Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial in Gout Patients With Renal Uric Acid Underexcretion. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:2015-2023. [PMID: 35795968 PMCID: PMC9771863 DOI: 10.1002/art.42266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The predominant mechanism driving hyperuricemia in gout is renal uric acid underexcretion; however, the standard urate-lowering therapy (ULT) recommendation is first-line xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), irrespective of the cause of hyperuricemia. This comparative effectiveness clinical trial was undertaken to compare first-line nontitrated low-dose benzbromarone (LDBen) uricosuric therapy to XOI ULT with low-dose febuxostat (LDFeb) in gout patients with renal uric acid underexcretion. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-center, open-label trial in men with gout and renal uric acid underexcretion (defined as fractional excretion of urate <5.5% and uric acid excretion ≤600 mg/day/1.73 m2 ). A total of 196 participants were randomly assigned to receive LDBen 25 mg daily or LDFeb 20 mg daily for 12 weeks. All participants received daily urine alkalization with oral sodium bicarbonate. The primary end point was the rate of achieving the serum urate target of <6 mg/dl. RESULTS More participants in the LDBen group achieved the serum urate target than those in the LDFeb group (61% compared to 32%, P < 0.001). Rates of adverse events, including gout flares and urolithiasis, did not differ between groups, with the exception of greater transaminase elevation in the LDFeb group (4% for LDBen compared to 15% for LDFeb, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Compared to LDFeb, LDBen has superior urate-lowering efficacy and similar safety in treating relatively young and healthy patients with renal uric acid underexcretion-type gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaomei Xue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Han Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Can Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Mingshu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunologythe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Lingling Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Yuwei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Xuan Yuan
- Institute of Metabolic DiseasesQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ying Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Lidan Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Hailong Li
- Institute of Metabolic DiseasesQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Aichang Ji
- Institute of Metabolic DiseasesQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Shuhui Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | - Zijing Ran
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
| | | | - Changgui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, and China Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and GoutQingdaoChina
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Yang B, Xin M, Liang S, Xu X, Cai T, Dong L, Wang C, Wang M, Cui Y, Song X, Sun J, Sun W. New insight into the management of renal excretion and hyperuricemia: Potential therapeutic strategies with natural bioactive compounds. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026246. [PMID: 36483739 PMCID: PMC9723165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the result of increased production and/or underexcretion of uric acid. Hyperuricemia has been epidemiologically associated with multiple comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, gout with long-term systemic inflammation, chronic kidney disease, urolithiasis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, dyslipidemia, diabetes/insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress. Dysregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), the enzyme that catalyzes uric acid biosynthesis primarily in the liver, and urate transporters that reabsorb urate in the renal proximal tubules (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT4 and OAT10) and secrete urate (ABCG2, OAT1, OAT3, NPT1, and NPT4) in the renal tubules and intestine, is a major cause of hyperuricemia, along with variations in the genes encoding these proteins. The first-line therapeutic drugs used to lower serum uric acid levels include XOD inhibitors that limit uric acid biosynthesis and uricosurics that decrease urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules and increase urate excretion into the urine and intestine via urate transporters. However, long-term use of high doses of these drugs induces acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease and liver toxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new nephroprotective drugs with improved safety profiles and tolerance. The current systematic review summarizes the characteristics of major urate transporters, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia, and the regulation of uric acid biosynthesis and transport. Most importantly, this review highlights the potential mechanisms of action of some naturally occurring bioactive compounds with antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective potential isolated from various medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
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47
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Lan Q, Zhao Z, Liao H, Zheng F, Chen Y, Wu T, Tian Y, Pang J. Mutation in Transmembrane Domain 8 of Human Urate Transporter 1 Disrupts Uric Acid Recognition and Transport. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34621-34631. [PMID: 36188325 PMCID: PMC9521027 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) is the most pivotal therapeutic target for hyperuricemia. Due to a lack of crystal structure information, the atomic structure of URAT1 is not clearly understood. In this study, a multiple sequence alignment was performed, and K393, a positively charged residue in transmembrane domain (TMD) 8, was observed to be highly conserved in organic anion transporters (OATs). K393 was substituted with a positively, negatively, and neutrally charged amino acid via site-directed mutagenesis and then used to transfect HEK293 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses indicated that mutants of K393 showed mRNA and protein expression levels similar to those in the WT group. The nonpositively charged mutants K393A, K393D, and K393E eliminated 70-80% of 14C-uric acid transport capacity, while the K393H mutant showed slight and the K393R mutant showed no reduced transport capacity compared with the WT group. Binding assays indicated that K393A, K393D, and K393E conferred lowered uric acid binding affinity. As indicated by the K m and V max values obtained from saturation kinetic experiments, K393A, K393D, and K393E showed increased K m values, but K393R and K393H showed K m values similar to those in the WT group. K393 also contributed to a high affinity for benzbromarone (BM) interaction. The inhibitory effects of BM were partly abolished in K393 mutants, with increased IC50 values compared with the WT group. BM also exhibited weaker inhibitory effects on 14C-uric acid binding in K393R and K393H mutants. In an outward homology model of URAT1, K393 was located in the inner part of the transport tunnel, and further molecular docking analysis indicated that uric acid and BM showed possible hydrogen bonds with K393. Mutants K393R and K393H showed possible interactions with uric acid, and positive charges confer high affinity for uric acid as revealed by their surface electrostatic potential. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that K393 is an important residue for the recognition of uric acid or inhibitors by URAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunsheng Lan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central
Hospital, No. 187 Western
Guanlan Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, China
| | - Ze’an Zhao
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fengxin Zheng
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuanxin Tian
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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48
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ALRashdi BM, Elgebaly HA, Germoush MO, Qarmush MM, Azab MS, Alruhaimi RS, Ahmeda AF, Abukhalil MH, Kamel EM, Arab HH, Alzoghaibi MA, Alotaibi MF, Mahmoud AM. A flavonoid-rich fraction of Monolluma quadrangula inhibits xanthine oxidase and ameliorates potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63520-63532. [PMID: 35461413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia represents a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the mechanisms underlying hyperuricemia-mediated kidney injury. Monolluma quadrangula possesses several beneficial effects; however, its effect on hyperuricemia has not been investigated. This study evaluated the renoprotective and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of M. quadrangula in hyperuricemic rats. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of six known flavonoid isolated for the first time from this species. The rats received M. quadrangula extract (MQE) and potassium oxonate (PO) for 7 days. In vitro assays showed the radical scavenging and XO inhibitory activities of MQE, and in silico molecular docking revealed the inhibitory activity of the isolated flavonoids towards XO. Hyperuricemic rats showed elevated serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, and XO activity, and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, MDA and NO, and decreased GSH, SOD, and catalase. MQE ameliorated serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, and XO activity, and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, MQE attenuated renal oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidants, downregulated URAT-1, and GLUT-9 and upregulated OAT-1 in PO-induced rats. In conclusion, M. quadrangula attenuated hyperuricemia and kidney impairment by suppressing XO activity, oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating urate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barakat M ALRashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Elgebaly
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mona S Azab
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Reem S Alruhaimi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salim St, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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49
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A Novel Turn-On Fluorescence Probe Based on Cu(II) Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks for Visual Detection of Uric Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154803. [PMID: 35956753 PMCID: PMC9369708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important biomarker in urine, the level of uric acid is of importance for human health. In this work, a Cu(II) functionalized metal–organic framework (Cu2+@Tb-MOFs) is designed and developed as a novel fluorescence probe for wide-range uric acid detection in human urine. The study shows that this fluorescence platform demonstrated excellent pH-independent stability, high water tolerance, and good thermal stability. Based on the strong interaction between metal ions and uric acid, the designed Cu2+@Tb-MOFs can be employed as efficient turn-on fluorescent probes for the detection of uric acid with wide detection range (0~104 µM) and high sensitivity (LOD = 0.65 µM). This probe also demonstrates an anti-interference property, as other species coexisted, and the possibility for recycling. The sensing mechanisms are further discussed at length. More importantly, we experimentally constructed a molecular logic gate operation based on this fluorescence probe for intelligent detection of uric acid. These results suggest the Cu(II) functionalized metal–organic framework can act as a prominent candidate for personalized monitoring of the concentration of uric acid in the human urine system.
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50
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Yin H, Liu N, Chen J. The Role of the Intestine in the Development of Hyperuricemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845684. [PMID: 35281005 PMCID: PMC8907525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of sodium urate crystals in the joints. Hyperuricemia is the fundamental factor of gout. The onset of hyperuricemia is related to purine metabolism disorders or uric acid excretion disorders. Current studies have shown that the intestine is an important potential organ for the excretion of uric acid outside the kidneys. The excretion of uric acid of gut is mainly achieved through the action of uric acid transporters and the catabolism of intestinal flora, which plays an important role in the body’s uric acid balance. Here we reviewed the effects of intestinal uric acid transporters and intestinal flora on uric acid excretion, and provide new ideas for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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