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Akyea RK, Figliozzi S, Lopes PM, Bauer KB, Moura-Ferreira S, Tondi L, Mushtaq S, Censi S, Pavon AG, Bassi I, Galian-Gay L, Teske AJ, Biondi F, Filomena D, Stylianidis V, Torlasco C, Muraru D, Monney P, Quattrocchi G, Maestrini V, Agati L, Monti L, Pedrotti P, Vandenberk B, Squeri A, Lombardi M, Ferreira AM, Schwitter J, Aquaro GD, Pontone G, Chiribiri A, Rodríguez Palomares JF, Yilmaz A, Andreini D, Florian AR, Francone M, Leiner T, Abecasis J, Badano LP, Bogaert J, Georgiopoulos G, Masci PG. Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse Phenotype: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Analysis Using a Multicenter Cardiac MRI Registry. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024; 6:e230247. [PMID: 38900026 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To use unsupervised machine learning to identify phenotypic clusters with increased risk of arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with MVP without hemodynamically significant mitral regurgitation or left ventricular (LV) dysfunction undergoing late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI between October 2007 and June 2020 in 15 European tertiary centers. The study end point was a composite of sustained ventricular tachycardia, (aborted) sudden cardiac death, or unexplained syncope. Unsupervised data-driven hierarchical k-mean algorithm was utilized to identify phenotypic clusters. The association between clusters and the study end point was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 474 patients (mean age, 47 years ± 16 [SD]; 244 female, 230 male) with two phenotypic clusters were identified. Patients in cluster 2 (199 of 474, 42%) had more severe mitral valve degeneration (ie, bileaflet MVP and leaflet displacement), left and right heart chamber remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis as assessed with LGE cardiac MRI than those in cluster 1. Demographic and clinical features (ie, symptoms, arrhythmias at Holter monitoring) had negligible contribution in differentiating the two clusters. Compared with cluster 1, the risk of developing the study end point over a median follow-up of 39 months was significantly higher in cluster 2 patients (hazard ratio: 3.79 [95% CI: 1.19, 12.12], P = .02) after adjustment for LGE extent. Conclusion Among patients with MVP without significant mitral regurgitation or LV dysfunction, unsupervised machine learning enabled the identification of two phenotypic clusters with distinct arrhythmic outcomes based primarily on cardiac MRI features. These results encourage the use of in-depth imaging-based phenotyping for implementing arrhythmic risk prediction in MVP. Keywords: MR Imaging, Cardiac, Cardiac MRI, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Cluster Analysis, Ventricular Arrhythmia, Sudden Cardiac Death, Unsupervised Machine Learning Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Kwame Akyea
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Stefano Figliozzi
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Pedro M Lopes
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Klemens B Bauer
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Sara Moura-Ferreira
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Lara Tondi
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Stefano Censi
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Anna Giulia Pavon
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Ilaria Bassi
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Laura Galian-Gay
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Arco J Teske
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Federico Biondi
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Domenico Filomena
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Vasileios Stylianidis
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Camilla Torlasco
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Denisa Muraru
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Pierre Monney
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppina Quattrocchi
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Luciano Agati
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Monti
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Patrizia Pedrotti
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Bert Vandenberk
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Angelo Squeri
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Massimo Lombardi
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - António M Ferreira
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Juerg Schwitter
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Donato Aquaro
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - José F Rodríguez Palomares
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Daniele Andreini
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Anca-Rezeda Florian
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Marco Francone
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Tim Leiner
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - João Abecasis
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Luigi Paolo Badano
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Jan Bogaert
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Pier-Giorgio Masci
- From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences-Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
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