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Karabaliev M, Tacheva B, Paarvanova B, Georgieva R. Change in Osmotic Pressure Influences the Absorption Spectrum of Hemoglobin inside Red Blood Cells. Cells 2024; 13:589. [PMID: 38607028 PMCID: PMC11011345 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Absorption spectra of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions are investigated in an osmolarity range in the medium from 200 mOsm to 900 mOsm. Three spectral parameters are used to characterize the process of swelling or shrinkage of RBC-the absorbance at 700 nm, the Soret peak height relative to the spectrum background, and the Soret peak wavelength. We show that with an increase in the osmolarity, the absorbance at 700 nm increases and the Soret peak relative height decreases. These changes are related to the changes in the RBC volume and the resulting increase in the hemoglobin intracellular concentration and index of refraction. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry measurements supported these conclusions. The maximum wavelength of the Soret peak increases with increasing osmolarity due to changes in the oxygenation state of hemoglobin. Using these spectrum parameters, the process of osmosis in RBCs can be followed in real time, but it can also be applied to various processes, leading to changes in the volume and shape of RBCs. Therefore, we conclude that UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry offers a convenient, easily accessible, and cost-effective method to monitor changes in RBC, which can find applications in the field of drug discovery and diagnostics of RBC and hemoglobin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Karabaliev
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (B.T.); (B.P.)
| | - Bilyana Tacheva
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (B.T.); (B.P.)
| | - Boyana Paarvanova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (B.T.); (B.P.)
| | - Radostina Georgieva
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (B.T.); (B.P.)
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charite-Universitatsrnedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Gyorffy G, Meli A, New HV, Cardigan R, Bruce LJ. Vesiculation in irradiated and cation-leaky-stored red blood cells. Transfusion 2024; 64:150-161. [PMID: 37952228 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by red blood cells (RBCs) throughout their life-span and also during hypothermic storage when they accumulate in the blood bag. We queried whether stored RBCs with increased cation permeability, either from donors with familial pseudohyperkalaemia (FP) or caused by irradiation, vesiculate more readily. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Recent technical advances have revealed at least two sub-populations of MVs in RBC storage units: macrovesicles (2-6 μm) and microvesicles (1-2 μm). Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, imaging flow cytometry, and protein quantification methods, we measured and characterized vesicles released by RBCs from control and FP individuals at three different storage time-points (day 4, day 17, and day 29). The RBCs had either been stored untreated or irradiated on either day 1 or day 14 of storage. RESULTS We found no difference in the number or size of vesicles released between cation-leaky FP RBCs and non-FP controls. Similarly, irradiated and non-irradiated RBCs showed very similar patterns of vesicle release to during cold-storage. The only significant difference in vesicle release was the increase in accumulated vesicles with length of storage time which has been reported previously. DISCUSSION EVs in stored blood are potential contributors to adverse transfusion reactions. The number of vesicles released during 35-day hypothermic storage varies between donors and increases with storage duration. However, increased cation permeability and irradiation do not appear to affect vesicle formation during RBC cold-storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gyongyver Gyorffy
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Athinoula Meli
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen V New
- Transfusion Directorate, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Cardigan
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Allegrini B, NGuyen LD, Mignotet M, Etchebest C, Fenneteau O, Platon J, Lambilliotte A, Guizouarn H, Da Costa L. Next generation sequencing (NGS) interest in deciphering erythrocyte molecular defects' association in red cell disorders: Clinical and erythrocyte phenotypes of patients with mutations inheritance in PIEZO1, Spectrin ß1, RhAG and SLC4A1. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 103:102780. [PMID: 37516005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
We report here an instructive case referred at 16 months-old for exploration of hemolysis without anemia (compensated anemia with reticulocytosis). The biology tests confirmed the hemolysis with increased total and indirect bilirubin. The usual hemolysis diagnosis tests were normal (DAT, G6PD, PK, Hb electrophoresis) except cytology and ektacytometry suggesting an association of multiple red blood cell (RBC) membrane disorders. This led us to propose a molecular screening analysis using targeted-Next Generation Sequencing (t-NGS) with a capture technique on 93 genes involved in RBC and erythropoiesis defects. We identified 4 missense heterozygous allelic variations, all of them were described without any significance (VUS) in the SLC4A1, RhAG, PIEZO1 and SPTB genes. The study of the familial cosegregation and research functional tests allowed to decipher the role of at least two by two genes in the phenotype and the hemolytic disease of this young patient. Specialized t-NGS panel (or virtual exome/genome sequencing) in a disease-referent laboratory and the motivated collaboration of clinicians, biologists and scientists should be the gold standard for improving the diagnosis of the patients affected with RBC diseases or rare inherited anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Allegrini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | | | - Morgane Mignotet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Etchebest
- Inserm U1134, France; Laboratory of Excellence for RBCs, LABEX GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Odile Fenneteau
- AP-HP, Service Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital R. Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Platon
- HEMATIM EA4666, Université Picardie Jules Vernes, Amiens, France
| | | | - Hélène Guizouarn
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France; Laboratory of Excellence for RBCs, LABEX GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Lydie Da Costa
- AP-HP, Service Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital R. Debré, Paris, France; HEMATIM EA4666, Université Picardie Jules Vernes, Amiens, France; Université Paris, Paris, France; Inserm U1134, France
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4
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Stewart GW, Gibson JS, Rees DC. The cation-leaky hereditary stomatocytosis syndromes: A tale of six proteins. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:509-522. [PMID: 37679660 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This review concerns a series of dominantly inherited haemolytic anaemias in which the membrane of the erythrocyte 'leaks' the univalent cations, compromising the osmotic stability of the cell. The majority of the conditions are explained by mutations in one of six genes, coding for multispanning membrane proteins of different structure and function. These are: RhAG, coding for an ammonium carrier; SLC4A1, coding for the band 3 anion exchanger; PIEZO1, coding for a mechanosensitive cation channel; GLUT1, coding for a glucose transporter; KCNN4, coding for an internal-calcium-activated potassium channel; and ABCB6, coding for a porphyrin transporter. This review describes the five clinical syndromes associated with genetic defects in these genes and their variable genotype/phenotype relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Stewart
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - John S Gibson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rees
- Haematological Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
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5
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Toufiq M, Rinchai D, Bettacchioli E, Kabeer BSA, Khan T, Subba B, White O, Yurieva M, George J, Jourde-Chiche N, Chiche L, Palucka K, Chaussabel D. Harnessing large language models (LLMs) for candidate gene prioritization and selection. J Transl Med 2023; 21:728. [PMID: 37845713 PMCID: PMC10580627 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feature selection is a critical step for translating advances afforded by systems-scale molecular profiling into actionable clinical insights. While data-driven methods are commonly utilized for selecting candidate genes, knowledge-driven methods must contend with the challenge of efficiently sifting through extensive volumes of biomedical information. This work aimed to assess the utility of large language models (LLMs) for knowledge-driven gene prioritization and selection. METHODS In this proof of concept, we focused on 11 blood transcriptional modules associated with an Erythroid cells signature. We evaluated four leading LLMs across multiple tasks. Next, we established a workflow leveraging LLMs. The steps consisted of: (1) Selecting one of the 11 modules; (2) Identifying functional convergences among constituent genes using the LLMs; (3) Scoring candidate genes across six criteria capturing the gene's biological and clinical relevance; (4) Prioritizing candidate genes and summarizing justifications; (5) Fact-checking justifications and identifying supporting references; (6) Selecting a top candidate gene based on validated scoring justifications; and (7) Factoring in transcriptome profiling data to finalize the selection of the top candidate gene. RESULTS Of the four LLMs evaluated, OpenAI's GPT-4 and Anthropic's Claude demonstrated the best performance and were chosen for the implementation of the candidate gene prioritization and selection workflow. This workflow was run in parallel for each of the 11 erythroid cell modules by participants in a data mining workshop. Module M9.2 served as an illustrative use case. The 30 candidate genes forming this module were assessed, and the top five scoring genes were identified as BCL2L1, ALAS2, SLC4A1, CA1, and FECH. Researchers carefully fact-checked the summarized scoring justifications, after which the LLMs were prompted to select a top candidate based on this information. GPT-4 initially chose BCL2L1, while Claude selected ALAS2. When transcriptional profiling data from three reference datasets were provided for additional context, GPT-4 revised its initial choice to ALAS2, whereas Claude reaffirmed its original selection for this module. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings highlight the ability of LLMs to prioritize candidate genes with minimal human intervention. This suggests the potential of this technology to boost productivity, especially for tasks that require leveraging extensive biomedical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Toufiq
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Eleonore Bettacchioli
- INSERM UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Taushif Khan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bishesh Subba
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Olivia White
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Marina Yurieva
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Laurent Chiche
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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6
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Milne RJ, Dibley KE, Bose J, Ashton AR, Ryan PR, Tyerman SD, Lagudah ES. Expression of the wheat multipathogen resistance hexose transporter Lr67res is associated with anion fluxes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1254-1267. [PMID: 36806945 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many disease resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) confer strong resistance to specific pathogen races or strains, and only a small number of genes confer multipathogen resistance. The Leaf rust resistance 67 (Lr67) gene fits into the latter category as it confers partial resistance to multiple biotrophic fungal pathogens in wheat and encodes a Sugar Transport Protein 13 (STP13) family hexose-proton symporter variant. Two mutations (G144R, V387L) in the resistant variant, Lr67res, differentiate it from the susceptible Lr67sus variant. The molecular function of the Lr67res protein is not understood, and this study aimed to broaden our knowledge on this topic. Biophysical analysis of the wheat Lr67sus and Lr67res protein variants was performed using Xenopus laevis oocytes as a heterologous expression system. Oocytes injected with Lr67sus displayed properties typically associated with proton-coupled sugar transport proteins-glucose-dependent inward currents, a Km of 110 ± 10 µM glucose, and a substrate selectivity permitting the transport of pentoses and hexoses. By contrast, Lr67res induced much larger sugar-independent inward currents in oocytes, implicating an alternative function. Since Lr67res is a mutated hexose-proton symporter, the possibility of protons underlying these currents was investigated but rejected. Instead, currents in Lr67res oocytes appeared to be dominated by anions. This conclusion was supported by electrophysiology and 36Cl- uptake studies and the similarities with oocytes expressing the known chloride channel from Torpedo marmorata, TmClC-0. This study provides insights into the function of an important disease resistance gene in wheat, which can be used to determine how this gene variant underpins disease resistance in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky J Milne
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | | | - Peter R Ryan
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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7
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Bogusławska DM, Kraszewski S, Skulski M, Potoczek S, Kuliczkowski K, Sikorski AF. Novel Variant of the SLC4A1 Gene Associated with Hereditary Spherocytosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030784. [PMID: 36979763 PMCID: PMC10045460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) refers to the group of the most frequently occurring non-immune hereditary hemolytic anemia in people of Caucasian central or northern European ancestry. HS is mainly associated with pathogenic variants of genes encoding defects in five membrane proteins, including anion exchanger 1 encoded by the SLC4A1 gene. In this study, in a family affected with HS, we identified a hitherto unreported AE1 defect, variant p.G720W. The result of it is most likely the HS phenotype. Molecular dynamics simulation study of the AE1 transmembrane domain may indicate reasonable changes in AE1 domain structure, i.e., significant displacement of the tryptophan residue towards the membrane surface connected with possible changes in AE1 function. The WES analysis verified by classical sequencing in conjunction with biochemical analysis and molecular simulation studies shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying this case of hereditary spherocytosis, for which the newly discovered AE1 variant p.G720W seems crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dżamila M. Bogusławska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Szafrana St. 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kraszewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Plac Grunwaldzki 13 (D-1), 50-377 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Skulski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Potoczek
- Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże L. Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10c, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-154 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-327-05-16; Fax: +48-71-375-62-08
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8
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Beltran JL, McGrath LG, Caruso S, Bain RK, Hendrix CE, Kamran H, Johnston HG, Collings RM, Henry MCN, Abera TAL, Donoso VA, Carriker EC, Thurtle-Schmidt BH. Borate Transporters and SLC4 Bicarbonate Transporters Share Key Functional Properties. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:235. [PMID: 36837738 PMCID: PMC9959716 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Borate transporters are membrane transport proteins that regulate intracellular borate levels. In plants, borate is a micronutrient essential for growth but is toxic in excess, while in yeast, borate is unnecessary for growth and borate export confers tolerance. Borate transporters share structural homology with human bicarbonate transporters in the SLC4 family despite low sequence identity and differences in transported solutes. Here, we characterize the S. cerevisiae borate transporter Bor1p and examine whether key biochemical features of SLC4 transporters extend to borate transporters. We show that borate transporters and SLC4 transporters share multiple properties, including lipid-promoted dimerization, sensitivity to stilbene disulfonate-derived inhibitors, and a requirement for an acidic residue at the solute binding site. We also identify several amino acids critical for Bor1p function and show that disease-causing mutations in human SLC4A1 will eliminate in vivo function when their homologous mutations are introduced in Bor1p. Our data help elucidate mechanistic features of Bor1p and reveal significant functional properties shared between borate transporters and SLC4 transporters.
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9
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Li J, Wang X, Zheng N, Wang X, Liu Y, Xue L. A novel variant of SLC4A1 for hereditary spherocytosis in a Chinese family: a case report and systematic review. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:250. [PMID: 36463227 PMCID: PMC9719243 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is approximately 1:2000 in the western population, while it is much lower in the Chinese population. It is difficult to make a definite diagnosis due to the variable genotypic features and the lack of well-documented evidence for HS patients. Gene sequence examination is helpful for clear diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We presented the case of a 29-year-old male HS patient with skin yellowness, anorexia, and cholecystolithiasis as the first manifestations. Laboratory examination of the patient and his parents showed a mild reduction in hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, increased reticulocytes, and promotion of indirect bilirubin in the patient and his father. Furthermore, small globular red blood cells with increased osmotic fragility were observed. In particular, the eosin-5'-maleimide binding test provided the strong evidence that band 3 protein was deleted in the erythrocyte membrane. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing further demonstrated a heterozygous nonsense variant (exon16, c.G1985A: p.W662X) in SLC4A1, inherited from his father. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with HS, and then was effectively treated. After splenectomy, the anemia was relieved without any obvious unpleasant side effects. CONCLUSION We report an extremely rare case of HS in China that presented with hereditary hemolytic anemia with band 3 deletion resulting from a novel variant of SLC4A1, and systematically review a large number of related literatures. This study, therefore, significantly contributes to the literature on HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liying Xue
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China.
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10
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Meli A, Linger R, Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Gyongyver G, Marks DC, Aung HH, Tan JCG, Cardigan R, Bruce LJ, New HV. The compound effect of irradiation and familial pseudohyperkalemia on potassium leak from red blood cells. Transfusion 2022; 62:2587-2595. [PMID: 36285891 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial pseudohyperkalemia (FP) is a rare asymptomatic condition characterized by an increased rate of potassium leak from red blood cells (RBC) on refrigeration. Gamma irradiation compromises RBC membrane integrity and accelerates potassium leakage. Here, we compared the effect of irradiation, applied early or late in storage, on FP versus non-FP RBC. STUDY DESIGN Five FP and 10 non-FP individuals from the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge BioResource, UK, and three FP and six non-FP individuals identified by Australian Red Cross Lifeblood consented to the study. Blood was collected according to standard practice in each center, held overnight at 18-24°C, leucocyte-depleted, and processed into red cell concentrates (RCC) in Saline Adenine Glucose Mannitol. On Day 1, RCC were split equally into six Red Cell Splits (RCS). Two RCS remained non-irradiated, two were irradiated on Day 1 and two were irradiated on Day 14. RBCs were tested over cold storage for quality parameters. RESULTS As expected, non-irradiated FP RCS had significantly higher supernatant potassium levels than controls throughout 28 days of storage (p < .001). When irradiated early, FP RCS released potassium at similar rates to control. When irradiated late, FP RCS supernatants had higher initial post-irradiation potassium concentration than controls but were similar to controls by the end of storage (14 days post-irradiation). No other parameters studied showed a significant difference between FP and control. DISCUSSION FP does not increase the rate of potassium leak from irradiated RBCs. Irradiation may cause a membrane defect similar to that in FP RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athinoula Meli
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Linger
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gyorffy Gyongyver
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, Australia
| | - Htet Htet Aung
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, Australia
| | - Joanne C G Tan
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cardigan
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen V New
- Clinical Directorate, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
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11
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Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Flatt JF, Kupzig S, Bruce LJ. Reticulocyte Maturation and Variant Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:834463. [PMID: 35356079 PMCID: PMC8959883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.834463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow produces billions of reticulocytes daily. These reticulocytes mature into red blood cells by reducing their plasma membrane by 20% and ejecting or degrading residual internal organelles, membranes and proteins not required by the mature cell. This process occurs by autophagy, protein degradation and vesiculation but is not well understood. We previously reported that Southeast Asian Ovalocytic RBCs demonstrate incomplete reticulocyte maturation and we have now extended this study to a number of other variant RBCs. By comparing the profile of a pure reticulocyte preparation of cultured red cells with these variant cells, we show that the largest of these cells, the overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis cells, are the least mature, they barely reduced their plasma membrane and contain large amounts of proteins that should have been reduced or removed. Intermediate sized variant RBCs appear to be more mature but retain some endoplasmic reticulum and residual membrane proteins. We propose that the size and composition of these variant cell types correlate with the different stages of reticulocyte maturation and provide insight into the reticulocyte maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Kupzig
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Jennings ML. Cell Physiology and Molecular Mechanism of Anion Transport by Erythrocyte Band 3/AE1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1028-C1059. [PMID: 34669510 PMCID: PMC8714990 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00275.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The major transmembrane protein of the red blood cell, known as band 3, AE1, and SLC4A1, has two main functions: 1) catalysis of Cl-/HCO3- exchange, one of the steps in CO2 excretion; 2) anchoring the membrane skeleton. This review summarizes the 150 year history of research on red cell anion transport and band 3 as an experimental system for studying membrane protein structure and ion transport mechanisms. Important early findings were that red cell Cl- transport is a tightly coupled 1:1 exchange and band 3 is labeled by stilbenesulfonate derivatives that inhibit anion transport. Biochemical studies showed that the protein is dimeric or tetrameric (paired dimers) and that there is one stilbenedisulfonate binding site per subunit of the dimer. Transport kinetics and inhibitor characteristics supported the idea that the transporter acts by an alternating access mechanism with intrinsic asymmetry. The sequence of band 3 cDNA provided a framework for detailed study of protein topology and amino acid residues important for transport. The identification of genetic variants produced insights into the roles of band 3 in red cell abnormalities and distal renal tubular acidosis. The publication of the membrane domain crystal structure made it possible to propose concrete molecular models of transport. Future research directions include improving our understanding of the transport mechanism at the molecular level and of the integrative relationships among band 3, hemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, and gradients (both transmembrane and subcellular) of HCO3-, Cl-, O2, CO2, pH, and NO metabolites during pulmonary and systemic capillary gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Jennings
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
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13
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Structural and functional insights into the mechanism of action of plant borate transporters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12328. [PMID: 34112901 PMCID: PMC8192573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron has essential roles in plant growth and development. BOR proteins are key in the active uptake and distribution of boron, and regulation of intracellular boron concentrations. However, their mechanism of action remains poorly studied. BOR proteins are homologues of the human SLC4 family of transporters, which includes well studied mammalian transporters such as the human Anion Exchanger 1 (hAE1). Here we generated Arabidopsis thaliana BOR1 (AtBOR1) variants based (i) on known disease causing mutations of hAE1 (S466R, A500R) and (ii) a loss of function mutation (D311A) identified in the yeast BOR protein, ScBOR1p. The AtBOR1 variants express in yeast and localise to the plasma membrane, although both S466R and A500R exhibit lower expression than the WT AtBOR1 and D311A. The D311A, S466R and A500R mutations result in a loss of borate efflux activity in a yeast bor1p knockout strain. A. thaliana plants containing these three individual mutations exhibit substantially decreased growth phenotypes in soil under conditions of low boron. These data confirm an important role for D311 in the function of the protein and show that mutations equivalent to disease-causing mutations in hAE1 have major effects in AtBOR1. We also obtained a low resolution cryo-EM structure of a BOR protein from Oryza sativa, OsBOR3, lacking the 30 C-terminal amino acid residues. This structure confirms the gate and core domain organisation previously observed for related proteins, and is strongly suggestive of an inward facing conformation.
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14
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Red cell membrane disorders: structure meets function. Blood 2021; 136:1250-1261. [PMID: 32702754 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mature red blood cell (RBC) lacks a nucleus and organelles characteristic of most cells, but it is elegantly structured to perform the essential function of delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from all other cells while enduring the shear stress imposed by navigating small vessels and sinusoids. Over the past several decades, the efforts of biochemists, cell and molecular biologists, and hematologists have provided an appreciation of the complexity of RBC membrane structure, while studies of the RBC membrane disorders have offered valuable insights into structure-function relationships. Within the last decade, advances in genetic testing and its increased availability have made it possible to substantially build upon this foundational knowledge. Although disorders of the RBC membrane due to altered structural organization or altered transport function are heterogeneous, they often present with common clinical findings of hemolytic anemia. However, they may require substantially different management depending on the underlying pathophysiology. Accurate diagnosis is essential to avoid emergence of complications or inappropriate interventions. We propose an algorithm for laboratory evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms and signs of hemolytic anemia with a focus on RBC membrane disorders. Here, we review the genotypic and phenotypic variability of the RBC membrane disorders in order to raise the index of suspicion and highlight the need for correct and timely diagnosis.
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15
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Ramasamy I. Atypical hereditary spherocytosis phenotype associated with pseudohypokalaemia and a new variant in the band 3 protein. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e238428. [PMID: 33298499 PMCID: PMC7733106 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) membrane disorders are predominantly caused by mutations resulting in decreased RBC deformability and permeability. We present a family in which, the proband and his daughter presented with pseudohypokalaemia. Studies on the temperature dependence of pseudohypokalaemia suggested a maximum decrease in serum potassium when whole blood is stored at 37°C. Routine haematology suggested mild haemolysis with a hereditary spherocytosis phenotype. These two cases present a novel variant in temperature-dependent changes in potassium transport. A new variant was identified in the SLC4A1 gene which codes for band 3 protein (anion exchanger 1) in RBC membrane which may contribute to the phenotype. This is the first report of familial pseudohypokalaemia associated with changes in RBC membrane morphology. The clinical implications of pseudohypokalaemia are that it can lead to inappropriate investigation or treatment. However, many questions remain to be solved and other RBC membrane protein genes should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Ramasamy
- Biochemistry, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
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16
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Guizouarn H, Allegrini B. Erythroid glucose transport in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1371-1383. [PMID: 32474749 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport is intimately linked to red blood cell physiology. Glucose is the unique energy source for these cells, and defects in glucose metabolism or transport activity are associated with impaired red blood cell morphology and deformability leading to reduced lifespan. In vertebrate erythrocytes, glucose transport is mediated by GLUT1 (in humans) or GLUT4 transporters. These proteins also account for dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) transport through erythrocyte membrane. The peculiarities of glucose transporters and the red blood cell pathologies involving GLUT1 are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Guizouarn
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France.
| | - Benoit Allegrini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France
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17
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Flatt JF, Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Cogan NM, Eggleston DJ, Haines NM, Heesom KJ, Picard V, Thomas C, Bruce LJ. Expression of South East Asian Ovalocytic Band 3 Disrupts Erythroblast Cytokinesis and Reticulocyte Maturation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:357. [PMID: 32411010 PMCID: PMC7199003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis results from a heterozygous deletion of 9 amino acids in the erythrocyte anion exchange protein AE1 (band 3). The report of the first successful birth of an individual homozygous for this mutation showed an association with severe dyserythropoietic anemia. Imaging of the proband’s erythrocytes revealed the presence of band 3 at their surface, a reduction in Wr(b) antigen expression, and increases in glycophorin C, CD44, and CD147 immunoreactivity. Immunoblotting of membranes from heterozygous Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis red cells showed a quantitative increase in CD44, CD147, and calreticulin suggesting a defect in reticulocyte maturation, as well as an increase in phosphorylation at residue Tyr359 of band 3, and peroxiredoxin-2 at the membrane, suggesting altered band 3 trafficking and oxidative stress, respectively. In vitro culture of homozygous and heterozygous Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis erythroid progenitor cells produced bi- and multi-nucleated cells. Enucleation was severely impaired in the homozygous cells and reduced in the heterozygous cells. Large internal vesicular accumulations of band 3 formed, which co-localized with other plasma membrane proteins and with the autophagosome marker, LC3, but not with ER, Golgi or recycling endosome markers. Immunoprecipitation of band 3 from erythroblast cell lysates at the orthochromatic stage showed increased interaction of the mutant band 3 with heat shock proteins, ubiquitin and cytoskeleton proteins, ankyrin, spectrin and actin. We also found that the mutant band 3 forms a strong interaction with non-muscle myosins IIA and IIB, while this interaction could not be detected in wild type erythroblasts. Consistent with this, the localization of non-muscle myosin IIA and actin was perturbed in some Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis erythroblasts. These findings provide new insights toward understanding in vivo dyserythropoiesis caused by the expression of mutant membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola M Cogan
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Eggleston
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole M Haines
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Picard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Caroline Thomas
- Hématologie et Immunologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Mère Enfants, Nantes, France
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
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18
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De Vecchis D, Reithmeier RAF, Kalli AC. Molecular Simulations of Intact Anion Exchanger 1 Reveal Specific Domain and Lipid Interactions. Biophys J 2019; 117:1364-1379. [PMID: 31540709 PMCID: PMC6818359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is responsible for the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Human AE1 consists of a cytoplasmic and a membrane domain joined by a 33-residue flexible linker. Crystal structures of the individual domains have been determined, but the intact AE1 structure remains elusive. In this study, we use molecular dynamics simulations and modeling to build intact AE1 structures in a complex lipid bilayer that resembles the native erythrocyte plasma membrane. AE1 models were evaluated using available experimental data to provide an atomistic view of the interaction and dynamics of the cytoplasmic domain, the membrane domain, and the connecting linker in a complete model of AE1 in a lipid bilayer. Anionic lipids were found to interact strongly with AE1 at specific amino acid residues that are linked to diseases and blood group antigens. Cholesterol was found in the dimeric interface of AE1, suggesting that it may regulate subunit interactions and anion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario De Vecchis
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antreas C Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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19
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Iolascon A, Andolfo I, Russo R. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of red cell membrane disorders. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:13-24. [PMID: 31364155 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary erythrocyte membrane disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding various transmembrane or cytoskeletal proteins of red blood cells. The main consequences of these genetic alterations are decreased cell deformability and shortened erythrocyte survival. Red blood cell membrane defects encompass a heterogeneous group of haemolytic anaemias caused by either (i) altered membrane structural organisation (hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary pyropoikilocytosis and Southeast Asian ovalocytosis) or (ii) altered membrane transport function (overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis, dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis or xerocytosis, familial pseudohyperkalaemia and cryohydrocytosis). Herein we provide a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the molecular genetics of erythrocyte membrane defects and their reported clinical consequences. We also describe the effect of low-expression genetic variants on the high inter- and intra-familial phenotype variability of erythrocyte structural defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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20
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Petkova-Kirova P, Hertz L, Danielczok J, Huisjes R, Makhro A, Bogdanova A, Mañú-Pereira MDM, Vives Corrons JL, van Wijk R, Kaestner L. Red Blood Cell Membrane Conductance in Hereditary Haemolytic Anaemias. Front Physiol 2019; 10:386. [PMID: 31040790 PMCID: PMC6477063 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital haemolytic anaemias are inherited disorders caused by red blood cell membrane and cytoskeletal protein defects, deviant hemoglobin synthesis and metabolic enzyme deficiencies. In many cases, although the causing mutation might be known, the pathophysiology and the connection between the particular mutation and the symptoms of the disease are not completely understood. Thus effective treatment is lagging behind. As in many cases abnormal red blood cell cation content and cation leaks go along with the disease, by direct electrophysiological measurements of the general conductance of red blood cells, we aimed to assess if changes in the membrane conductance could be a possible cause. We recorded whole-cell currents from 29 patients with different types of congenital haemolytic anaemias: 14 with hereditary spherocytosis due to mutations in α-spectrin, β-spectrin, ankyrin and band 3 protein; 6 patients with hereditary xerocytosis due to mutations in Piezo1; 6 patients with enzymatic disorders (3 patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, 1 patient with pyruvate kinase deficiency, 1 patient with glutamate-cysteine ligase deficiency and 1 patient with glutathione reductase deficiency), 1 patient with β-thalassemia and 2 patients, carriers of several mutations and a complex genotype. While the patients with β-thalassemia and metabolic enzyme deficiencies showed no changes in their membrane conductance, the patients with hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary xerocytosis showed largely variable results depending on the underlying mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Hertz
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jens Danielczok
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rick Huisjes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Asya Makhro
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Joan-Lluis Vives Corrons
- Red Blood Cell Defects and Hematopoietic Disorders Unit, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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21
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Risinger M, Emberesh M, Kalfa TA. Rare Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias: Diagnostic Approach and Considerations in Management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2019; 33:373-392. [PMID: 31030808 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemolytic anemias (HHAs) comprise a heterogeneous group of anemias caused by mutations in genes coding the globins, red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins, and RBC enzymes. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are rare disorders of erythropoiesis characterized by binucleated and multinucleated erythroblasts in bone marrow. CDAs typically present with a hemolytic phenotype, as the produced RBCs have structural defects and decreased survival and should be considered in the differential of HHAs. This article discusses the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management considerations for rare HHAs arising from unstable hemoglobins, RBC hydration defects, the less common RBC enzymopathies, and CDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Risinger
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, 3110 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0038, USA
| | - Myesa Emberesh
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7018, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Theodosia A Kalfa
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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22
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Andolfo I, Russo R, Rosato BE, Manna F, Gambale A, Brugnara C, Iolascon A. Genotype-phenotype correlation and risk stratification in a cohort of 123 hereditary stomatocytosis patients. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:1509-1517. [PMID: 30187933 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary stomatocytoses (HSts) are a wide spectrum of hemolytic anemias in which the erythrocyte membrane cation permeability is increased. Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis is the most frequent among HSts. It is caused by missense mutations in PIEZO1 and KCNN4 genes. We described 123 patients enrolled in our Genetic Unit from 2013 to 2017. Overall HSt subjects exhibit macrocytic mild anemia. We found that PIEZO1 is the most frequent mutated gene within our families (47% of pedigrees). In 59.1% of cases the mutations localized in the nonpore protein domain, while in 40.9% of patients they localized in the central pore region. The genotype-phenotype correlation analysis on 29 PIEZO1-patients demonstrated that most of severely affected patients carried mutations in the pore domain, suggesting that the severity of this condition is related to the pore properties and intracellular domain that could be responsible of interactions with intracellular components. This is the first cohort study on a large set of hereditary stomatocytosis patients, stratified according to their causative gene useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Eleni Rosato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Manna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Gambale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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23
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Caulier A, Rapetti-Mauss R, Guizouarn H, Picard V, Garçon L, Badens C. Primary red cell hydration disorders: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40 Suppl 1:68-73. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Caulier
- EA HEMATIM; Université Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | | | - H. Guizouarn
- CNRS, INSERM, IBV; Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - V. Picard
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay; Chatenay Malabry France
- AP-HP; Département d'Hématologie; Hôpital Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - L. Garçon
- EA HEMATIM; Université Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique; CHU Amiens; Amiens France
| | - C. Badens
- INSERM, MMG; Aix Marseille University; Marseille France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; APHM; Marseille France
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24
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Poschenrieder C, Fernández JA, Rubio L, Pérez L, Terés J, Barceló J. Transport and Use of Bicarbonate in Plants: Current Knowledge and Challenges Ahead. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1352. [PMID: 29751549 PMCID: PMC5983714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicarbonate plays a fundamental role in the cell pH status in all organisms. In autotrophs, HCO₃− may further contribute to carbon concentration mechanisms (CCM). This is especially relevant in the CO₂-poor habitats of cyanobacteria, aquatic microalgae, and macrophytes. Photosynthesis of terrestrial plants can also benefit from CCM as evidenced by the evolution of C₄ and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). The presence of HCO₃− in all organisms leads to more questions regarding the mechanisms of uptake and membrane transport in these different biological systems. This review aims to provide an overview of the transport and metabolic processes related to HCO₃− in microalgae, macroalgae, seagrasses, and terrestrial plants. HCO₃− transport in cyanobacteria and human cells is much better documented and is included for comparison. We further comment on the metabolic roles of HCO₃− in plants by focusing on the diversity and functions of carbonic anhydrases and PEP carboxylases as well as on the signaling role of CO₂/HCO₃− in stomatal guard cells. Plant responses to excess soil HCO₃− is briefly addressed. In conclusion, there are still considerable gaps in our knowledge of HCO₃− uptake and transport in plants that hamper the development of breeding strategies for both more efficient CCM and better HCO₃− tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Lab., Bioscience Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Fernández
- Department Biologia. Vegetal, Campus Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Rubio
- Department Biologia. Vegetal, Campus Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Laura Pérez
- Plant Physiology Lab., Bioscience Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joana Terés
- Plant Physiology Lab., Bioscience Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Barceló
- Plant Physiology Lab., Bioscience Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Flatt JF, Bruce LJ. The Molecular Basis for Altered Cation Permeability in Hereditary Stomatocytic Human Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:367. [PMID: 29713289 PMCID: PMC5911802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal human RBCs have a very low basal permeability (leak) to cations, which is continuously corrected by the Na,K-ATPase. The leak is temperature-dependent, and this temperature dependence has been evaluated in the presence of inhibitors to exclude the activity of the Na,K-ATPase and NaK2Cl transporter. The severity of the RBC cation leak is altered in various conditions, most notably the hereditary stomatocytosis group of conditions. Pedigrees within this group have been classified into distinct phenotypes according to various factors, including the severity and temperature-dependence of the cation leak. As recent breakthroughs have provided more information regarding the molecular basis of hereditary stomatocytosis, it has become clear that these phenotypes elegantly segregate with distinct genetic backgrounds. The cryohydrocytosis phenotype, including South-east Asian Ovalocytosis, results from mutations in SLC4A1, and the very rare condition, stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis, is caused by mutations in SLC2A1. Mutations in RHAG cause the very leaky condition over-hydrated stomatocytosis, and mutations in ABCB6 result in familial pseudohyperkalemia. All of the above are large multi-spanning membrane proteins and the mutations may either modify the structure of these proteins, resulting in formation of a cation pore, or otherwise disrupt the membrane to allow unregulated cation movement across the membrane. More recently mutations have been found in two RBC cation channels, PIEZO1 and KCNN4, which result in dehydrated stomatocytosis. These mutations alter the activation and deactivation kinetics of these channels, leading to increased opening and allowing greater cation fluxes than in wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Huynh KW, Jiang J, Abuladze N, Tsirulnikov K, Kao L, Shao X, Newman D, Azimov R, Pushkin A, Zhou ZH, Kurtz I. CryoEM structure of the human SLC4A4 sodium-coupled acid-base transporter NBCe1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:900. [PMID: 29500354 PMCID: PMC5834491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+-coupled acid-base transporters play essential roles in human biology. Their dysfunction has been linked to cancer, heart, and brain disease. High-resolution structures of mammalian Na+-coupled acid-base transporters are not available. The sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 functions in multiple organs and its mutations cause blindness, abnormal growth and blood chemistry, migraines, and impaired cognitive function. Here, we have determined the structure of the membrane domain dimer of human NBCe1 at 3.9 Å resolution by cryo electron microscopy. Our atomic model and functional mutagenesis revealed the ion accessibility pathway and the ion coordination site, the latter containing residues involved in human disease-causing mutations. We identified a small number of residues within the ion coordination site whose modification transformed NBCe1 into an anion exchanger. Our data suggest that symporters and exchangers utilize comparable transport machinery and that subtle differences in their substrate-binding regions have very significant effects on their transport mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Huynh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiansen Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Natalia Abuladze
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kirill Tsirulnikov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Liyo Kao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xuesi Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Debra Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rustam Azimov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Pushkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ira Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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27
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Repsold L, Joubert AM. Eryptosis: An Erythrocyte's Suicidal Type of Cell Death. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9405617. [PMID: 29516014 PMCID: PMC5817309 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9405617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes play an important role in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. Although erythrocytes possess no nucleus or mitochondria, they fulfil several metabolic activities namely, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, as well as the hexose monophosphate shunt. Metabolic processes within the erythrocyte contribute to the morphology/shape of the cell and important constituents are being kept in an active, reduced form. Erythrocytes undergo a form of suicidal cell death called eryptosis. Eryptosis results from a wide variety of contributors including hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress, and exposure to xenobiotics. Eryptosis occurs before the erythrocyte has had a chance to be naturally removed from the circulation after its 120-day lifespan and is characterised by the presence of membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, and phosphatidylserine exposure that correspond to nucleated cell apoptotic characteristics. After eryptosis is triggered there is an increase in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) ion levels. This increase causes activation of Ca2+-sensitive potassium (K+) channels which leads to a decrease in intracellular potassium chloride (KCl) and shrinkage of the erythrocyte. Ceramide, produced by sphingomyelinase from the cell membrane's sphingomyelin, contributes to the occurrence of eryptosis. Eryptosis ensures healthy erythrocyte quantity in circulation whereas excessive eryptosis may set an environment for the clinical presence of pathophysiological conditions including anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Repsold
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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28
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Andolfo I, Russo R, Gambale A, Iolascon A. Hereditary stomatocytosis: An underdiagnosed condition. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:107-121. [PMID: 28971506 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary stomatocytoses are a wide class of hemolytic anemias characterized by alterations of ionic flux with increased cation permeability that results in inappropriate shrinkage or swelling of the erythrocytes, and water lost or gained osmotically. The last few years have been crucial for new acquisitions in this field in terms of identifying new causative genes and of studying their pathogenetic mechanisms. This review summarizes the main features of erythrocyte membrane transport diseases, dividing them into forms with either isolated erythroid phenotype (nonsyndromic) or extra-hematological manifestations (syndromic), and focusing particularly on the most recent advances regarding dehydrated forms of hereditary stomatocytosis and familial pseudohyperkalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; Napoli Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; Napoli Italy
| | - Antonella Gambale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; Napoli Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; Napoli Italy
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29
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Ficici E, Faraldo-Gómez JD, Jennings ML, Forrest LR. Asymmetry of inverted-topology repeats in the AE1 anion exchanger suggests an elevator-like mechanism. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:1149-1164. [PMID: 29167180 PMCID: PMC5715908 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchanger 1 catalyzes the transmembrane antiport of chloride and bicarbonate ions through a mechanism that has remained unclear. By modeling its inward-facing state and comparing it with the known outward-facing form, Ficici et al. hypothesize that this transporter features an elevator-like mechanism. The membrane transporter anion exchanger 1 (AE1), or band 3, is a key component in the processes of carbon-dioxide transport in the blood and urinary acidification in the renal collecting duct. In both erythrocytes and the basolateral membrane of the collecting-duct α-intercalated cells, the role of AE1 is to catalyze a one-for-one exchange of chloride for bicarbonate. After decades of biochemical and functional studies, the structure of the transmembrane region of AE1, which catalyzes the anion-exchange reaction, has finally been determined. Each protomer of the AE1 dimer comprises two repeats with inverted transmembrane topologies, but the structures of these repeats differ. This asymmetry causes the putative substrate-binding site to be exposed only to the extracellular space, consistent with the expectation that anion exchange occurs via an alternating-access mechanism. Here, we hypothesize that the unknown, inward-facing conformation results from inversion of this asymmetry, and we propose a model of this state constructed using repeat-swap homology modeling. By comparing this inward-facing model with the outward-facing experimental structure, we predict that the mechanism of AE1 involves an elevator-like motion of the substrate-binding domain relative to the nearly stationary dimerization domain and to the membrane plane. This hypothesis is in qualitative agreement with a wide range of biochemical and functional data, which we review in detail, and suggests new avenues of experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Ficici
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - José D Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael L Jennings
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lucy R Forrest
- Computational Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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30
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Abstract
The erythrocyte contains a network of pathways that regulate salt and water content in the face of extracellular and intracellular osmotic perturbations. This allows the erythrocyte to maintain a narrow range of cell hemoglobin concentration, a process critical for normal red blood cell function and survival. Primary disorders that perturb volume homeostasis jeopardize the erythrocyte and may lead to its premature destruction. These disorders are marked by clinical, laboratory, and physiologic heterogeneity. Recent studies have revealed that these disorders are also marked by genetic heterogeneity. They have implicated roles for several proteins, PIEZO1, a mammalian mechanosensory protein; GLUT1, the glucose transporter; SLC4A1, the anion transporter; RhAG, the Rh-associated glycoprotein; KCNN4, the Gardos channel; and ABCB6, an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette family member, in the maintenance of erythrocyte volume homeostasis. Secondary disorders of erythrocyte hydration include sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemoglobin CC, and hereditary spherocytosis, where cellular dehydration may be a significant contributor to disease pathology and clinical complications. Understanding the pathways regulating erythrocyte water and solute content may reveal innovative strategies to maintain normal volume in disorders associated with primary or secondary cellular dehydration. These mechanisms will serve as a paradigm for other cells and may reveal new therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment beyond the erythrocyte.
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31
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Iolascon A, Andolfo I, Barcellini W, Corcione F, Garçon L, De Franceschi L, Pignata C, Graziadei G, Pospisilova D, Rees DC, de Montalembert M, Rivella S, Gambale A, Russo R, Ribeiro L, Vives-Corrons J, Martinez PA, Kattamis A, Gulbis B, Cappellini MD, Roberts I, Tamary H. Recommendations regarding splenectomy in hereditary hemolytic anemias. Haematologica 2017; 102:1304-1313. [PMID: 28550188 PMCID: PMC5541865 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.161166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemolytic anemias are a group of disorders with a variety of causes, including red cell membrane defects, red blood cell enzyme disorders, congenital dyserythropoietic anemias, thalassemia syndromes and hemoglobinopathies. As damaged red blood cells passing through the red pulp of the spleen are removed by splenic macrophages, splenectomy is one possible therapeutic approach to the management of severely affected patients. However, except for hereditary spherocytosis for which the effectiveness of splenectomy has been well documented, the efficacy of splenectomy in other anemias within this group has yet to be determined and there are concerns regarding short- and long-term infectious and thrombotic complications. In light of the priorities identified by the European Hematology Association Roadmap we generated specific recommendations for each disorder, except thalassemia syndromes for which there are other, recent guidelines. Our recommendations are intended to enable clinicians to achieve better informed decisions on disease management by splenectomy, on the type of splenectomy and the possible consequences. As no randomized clinical trials, case control or cohort studies regarding splenectomy in these disorders were found in the literature, recommendations for each disease were based on expert opinion and were subsequently critically revised and modified by the Splenectomy in Rare Anemias Study Group, which includes hematologists caring for both adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II Naples, Italy .,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Wilma Barcellini
- Oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Corcione
- Department of General Surgery, Monaldi Hospital A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Loïc Garçon
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Graziadei
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Pospisilova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David C Rees
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, UK
| | | | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Blood and Cancer Foundation Laboratories, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonella Gambale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Leticia Ribeiro
- Hematology Service, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Beatrice Gulbis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hôpital Erasme, U.L.B., Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Hannah Tamary
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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32
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Langford R, Hurrion E, Dawson PA. Genetics and pathophysiology of mammalian sulfate biology. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Myers EJ, Yuan L, Felmlee MA, Lin YY, Jiang Y, Pei Y, Wang O, Li M, Xing XP, Marshall A, Xia WB, Parker MD. A novel mutant Na + /HCO3 - cotransporter NBCe1 in a case of compound-heterozygous inheritance of proximal renal tubular acidosis. J Physiol 2016; 594:6267-6286. [PMID: 27338124 DOI: 10.1113/jp272252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The inheritance of two defective alleles of SLC4A4, the gene that encodes the widely-expressed electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1, results in the bicarbonate-wasting disease proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA). In the present study, we report the first case of compound-heterozygous inheritance of pRTA (p.Arg510His/p.Gln913Arg) in an individual with low blood pH, blindness and neurological signs that resemble transient ischaemic attacks. We employ fluorescence microscopy on non-polarized (human embryonic kidney) and polarized (Madin-Darby canine kidney) renal cell lines and electrophysiology on Xenopus oocytes to characterize the mutant transporters (R510H and Q913R). Both mutant transporters exhibit enhanced intracellular retention in renal cells, an observation that probably explains the HCO3- transport deficit in the individual. Both mutants retain a close-to-normal per molecule Na+ /HCO3- cotransport activity in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that they are suitable candidates for folding-correction therapy. However, Q913R expression is uniquely associated with a depolarizing, HCO3- independent, Cl- -conductance in oocytes that could have pathological consequences if expressed in the cells of patients. ABSTRACT Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is a rare, recessively-inherited disease characterized by abnormally acidic blood, blindness, as well as below average height and weight. pRTA is typically associated with homozygous mutation of the solute carrier 4 family gene SLC4A4. SLC4A4 encodes the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1, a membrane protein that acts to maintain intracellular and plasma pH. We present the first description of a case of compound-heterozygous inheritance of pRTA. The individual has inherited two mutations in NBCe1: p.Arg510His (R510H) and p.Gln913Arg (Q913R), one from each parent. In addition to the usual features of pRTA, the patient exhibits unusual signs, such as muscle spasms and fever. We have recreated these mutant transporters for expression in model systems. We find that both of the mutant proteins exhibit substantial intracellular retention when expressed in mammalian renal cell lines. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we find that the R510H and Q913R-mutant NBCe1 molecules exhibit apparently normal Na+ /HCO3- cotransport activity but that Q913R is associated with an unusual HCO3- independent anion-leak. We conclude that a reduced accumulation of NBCe1 protein in the basolateral membrane of proximal-tubule epithelia is the most probable cause of pRTA in this case. We further note that the Q913R-associated anion-leak could itself be pathogenic if expressed in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, compromising the benefit of strategies aiming to enhance mutant NBCe1 accumulation in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Myers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo: The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Melanie A Felmlee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo: The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aniko Marshall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo: The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei-Bo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Mark D Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo: The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo: The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA. .,State University of New York Eye Institutes, University at Buffalo: The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY, USA.
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34
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Wong P. A hypothesis of target cell formation in sickle cell disease. Med Hypotheses 2016; 93:102-5. [PMID: 27372866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fraction of erythrocytes appear as target cells in stained blood smears in sickle cell disease, due to a inheritance of the hemoglobin variant Hb S, polymerizing upon deoxygenation. These cells appear in a three dimension as thin cups. A process of their formation in this disease is proposed based on a band 3-based mechanism of the erythrocyte shape control, able to explain the erythrocyte echinocytosis by glucose depletion. It indicates that their formation is due to a stomatocytogenic slow outward transport of the dibasic form of endogenous Pi with an H(+) by band 3, promoted by the decrease of the Donnan ratio, which decreases cell pH and volume, attributed by a decrease of cell KCl concentration by the higher efflux of K(+)Cl(-) cotransport and Ca(2+) activation of the Gardos channel. Its implications are briefly discussed with respect to target cells per se, target cell formation in other hemoglobinopathies, acquired and inherited disorders of the lipid metabolism and dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis as well as a stomatocyte presence in a double heterozygote of Hb S and Hb C and of an involvement of the process of target cell formation in acanthocytosis in acquired and inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wong
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Protéines, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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35
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Badens C, Guizouarn H. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the red cell volume disorders. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:674-85. [PMID: 27353637 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic defects of erythrocyte transport proteins cause disorders of red blood cell volume that are characterized by abnormal permeability to the cations Na(+) and K(+) and, consequently, by changes in red cell hydration. Clinically, these disorders are associated with chronic haemolytic anaemia of variable severity and significant co-morbidities, such as iron overload. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the molecular basis of this group of rare anaemias involving cation channels and transporters dysfunction. To date, a total of 5 different membrane proteins have been reported to be responsible for volume homeostasis alteration when mutated, 3 of them leading to overhydrated cells (AE1 [also termed SLC4A1], RHAG and GLUT1 [also termed SCL2A1) and 2 others to dehydrated cells (PIEZO1 and the Gardos Channel). These findings are not only of basic scientific interest, but also of direct clinical significance for improving diagnostic procedures and identify potential approaches for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Badens
- APHM Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Guizouarn
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100 Nice, France
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36
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Reithmeier RAF, Casey JR, Kalli AC, Sansom MSP, Alguel Y, Iwata S. Band 3, the human red cell chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger (AE1, SLC4A1), in a structural context. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1507-32. [PMID: 27058983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the dimeric membrane domain of human Band 3(1), the red cell chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 1 (AE1, SLC4A1), provides a structural context for over four decades of studies into this historic and important membrane glycoprotein. In this review, we highlight the key structural features responsible for anion binding and translocation and have integrated the following topological markers within the Band 3 structure: blood group antigens, N-glycosylation site, protease cleavage sites, inhibitor and chemical labeling sites, and the results of scanning cysteine and N-glycosylation mutagenesis. Locations of mutations linked to human disease, including those responsible for Southeast Asian ovalocytosis, hereditary stomatocytosis, hereditary spherocytosis, and distal renal tubular acidosis, provide molecular insights into their effect on Band 3 folding. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations of phosphatidylcholine self-assembled around Band 3 provide a view of this membrane protein within a lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhart A F Reithmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Antreas C Kalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yilmaz Alguel
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - So Iwata
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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37
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Glogowska E, Gallagher PG. Disorders of erythrocyte volume homeostasis. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 37 Suppl 1:85-91. [PMID: 25976965 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of erythrocyte volume homeostasis are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders with phenotypes ranging from dehydrated to overhydrated erythrocytes. Clinical, laboratory, physiologic, and genetic heterogeneities characterize this group of disorders. A series of recent reports have provided novel insights into our understanding of the genetic bases underlying some of these disorders of red cell volume regulation. This report reviews this progress in understanding determinants that influence erythrocyte hydration and how they have yielded a better understanding of the pathways that influence cellular water and solute homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Glogowska
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - P G Gallagher
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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38
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Lang E, Bissinger R, Gulbins E, Lang F. Ceramide in the regulation of eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death. Apoptosis 2015; 20:758-67. [PMID: 25637185 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may undergo eryptosis, a suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane leading to phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. As eryptotic erythrocytes are rapidly cleared from circulating blood, excessive eryptosis may lead to anemia. Moreover, eryptotic erythrocytes may adhere to the vascular wall and thus impede microcirculation. Stimulators of eryptosis include osmotic shock, oxidative stress and energy depletion. Mechanisms involved in the stimulation eryptosis include ceramide formation which may result from phospholipase A2 dependent formation of platelet activating factor (PAF) with PAF dependent stimulation of sphingomyelinases. Enhanced erythrocytic ceramide formation is observed in fever, sepsis, HUS, uremia, hepatic failure, and Wilson's disease. Enhanced eryptosis is further observed in iron deficiency, phosphate depletion, dehydration, malignancy, malaria, sickle-cell anemia, beta-thalassemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficiency. Moreover, eryptosis is triggered by osmotic shock and a wide variety of xenobiotics, which are again partially effective by enhancing ceramide abundance. Ceramide formation is inhibited by high concentrations of urea. As shown in Wilson's disease, pharmacological interference with ceramide formation may be a therapeutic option in the treatment of eryptosis inducing clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Arakawa T, Kobayashi-Yurugi T, Alguel Y, Iwanari H, Hatae H, Iwata M, Abe Y, Hino T, Ikeda-Suno C, Kuma H, Kang D, Murata T, Hamakubo T, Cameron AD, Kobayashi T, Hamasaki N, Iwata S. Crystal structure of the anion exchanger domain of human erythrocyte band 3. Science 2015; 350:680-4. [PMID: 26542571 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. An isoform of AE1 is also present in the kidney. Specific mutations in human AE1 cause several types of hereditary hemolytic anemias and/or distal renal tubular acidosis. Here we report the crystal structure of the band 3 anion exchanger domain (AE1(CTD)) at 3.5 angstroms. The structure is locked in an outward-facing open conformation by an inhibitor. Comparing this structure with a substrate-bound structure of the uracil transporter UraA in an inward-facing conformation allowed us to identify the anion-binding position in the AE1(CTD), and to propose a possible transport mechanism that could explain why selected mutations lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Arakawa
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. JST, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takami Kobayashi-Yurugi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yilmaz Alguel
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Membrane Protein Crystallography group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK. Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford, Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hinako Hatae
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Momi Iwata
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Membrane Protein Crystallography group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Yoshito Abe
- Department of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hino
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chiyo Ikeda-Suno
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. JST, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Alexander D Cameron
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Division of Molecular Biosciences, Membrane Protein Crystallography group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK. Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford, Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. JST, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Platform for Drug Discovery, Informatics, and Structural Life Science, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naotaka Hamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. JST, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Division of Molecular Biosciences, Membrane Protein Crystallography group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK. Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford, Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK. Platform for Drug Discovery, Informatics, and Structural Life Science, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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40
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Andolfo I, Russo R, Manna F, Shmukler BE, Gambale A, Vitiello G, De Rosa G, Brugnara C, Alper SL, Snyder LM, Iolascon A. Novel Gardos channel mutations linked to dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (xerocytosis). Am J Hematol 2015; 90:921-6. [PMID: 26178367 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHSt) is an autosomal dominant congenital hemolytic anemia with moderate splenomegaly and often compensated hemolysis. Affected red cells are characterized by a nonspecific cation leak of the red cell membrane, reflected in elevated sodium content, decreased potassium content, elevated MCHC and MCV, and decreased osmotic fragility. The majority of symptomatic DHSt cases reported to date have been associated with gain-of-function mutations in the mechanosensitive cation channel gene, PIEZO1. A recent study has identified two families with DHSt associated with a single mutation in the KCNN4 gene encoding the Gardos channel (KCa3.1), the erythroid Ca(2+) -sensitive K(+) channel of intermediate conductance, also expressed in many other cell types. We present here, in the second report of DHSt associated with KCNN4 mutations, two previously undiagnosed DHSt families. Family NA exhibited the same de novo missense mutation as that recently described, suggesting a hot spot codon for DHSt mutations. Family WO carried a novel, inherited missense mutation in the ion transport domain of the channel. The patients' mild hemolytic anemia did not improve post-splenectomy, but splenectomy led to no serious thromboembolic events. We further characterized the expression of KCNN4 in the mutated patients and during erythroid differentiation of CD34+ cells and K562 cells. We also analyzed KCNN4 expression during mouse embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- Department Of Molecular Medicine And Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University Of Naples; Naples Italy
- Biotecnologie Avanzate; CEINGE; Naples Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Department Of Molecular Medicine And Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University Of Naples; Naples Italy
- Biotecnologie Avanzate; CEINGE; Naples Italy
| | - Francesco Manna
- Department Of Molecular Medicine And Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University Of Naples; Naples Italy
- Biotecnologie Avanzate; CEINGE; Naples Italy
| | - Boris E. Shmukler
- Renal Division And Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department Of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Antonella Gambale
- Department Of Molecular Medicine And Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University Of Naples; Naples Italy
- Biotecnologie Avanzate; CEINGE; Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppina Vitiello
- Biotecnologie Avanzate; CEINGE; Naples Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit; Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital; Viale Oxford Rome Italy
| | - Gianluca De Rosa
- Department Of Molecular Medicine And Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University Of Naples; Naples Italy
- Biotecnologie Avanzate; CEINGE; Naples Italy
| | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department Of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital And Department Of Pathology; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Seth L. Alper
- Renal Division And Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - L. Michael Snyder
- Dept Of Hospital Laboratories; University Of Massachusetts Medical Center; Worcester MA
- Quest Diagnositics, LLC MA; Marlborough Massachusetts
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department Of Molecular Medicine And Medical Biotechnologies; “Federico II” University Of Naples; Naples Italy
- Biotecnologie Avanzate; CEINGE; Naples Italy
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41
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A mutation in the Gardos channel is associated with hereditary xerocytosis. Blood 2015; 126:1273-80. [PMID: 26148990 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-642496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gardos channel is a Ca(2+)-sensitive, intermediate conductance, potassium selective channel expressed in several tissues including erythrocytes and pancreas. In normal erythrocytes, it is involved in cell volume modification. Here, we report the identification of a dominantly inherited mutation in the Gardos channel in 2 unrelated families and its association with chronic hemolysis and dehydrated cells, also referred to as hereditary xerocytosis (HX). The affected individuals present chronic anemia that varies in severity. Their red cells exhibit a panel of various shape abnormalities such as elliptocytes, hemighosts, schizocytes, and very rare stomatocytic cells. The missense mutation concerns a highly conserved residue among species, located in the region interacting with Calmodulin and responsible for the channel opening and the K(+) efflux. Using 2-microelectrode experiments on Xenopus oocytes and patch-clamp electrophysiology on HEK293 cells, we demonstrated that the mutated channel exhibits a higher activity and a higher Ca(2+) sensitivity compared with the wild-type (WT) channel. The mutated channel remains sensitive to inhibition suggesting that treatment of this type of HX by a specific inhibitor of the Gardos channel could be considered. The identification of a KCNN4 mutation associated with chronic hemolysis constitutes the first report of a human disease caused by a defect of the Gardos channel.
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42
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King MJ, Garçon L, Hoyer JD, Iolascon A, Picard V, Stewart G, Bianchi P, Lee SH, Zanella A. ICSH guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of nonimmune hereditary red cell membrane disorders. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37:304-25. [PMID: 25790109 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spherocytosis (HS), hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), and hereditary stomatocytosis (HSt) are inherited red cell disorders caused by defects in various membrane proteins. The heterogeneous clinical presentation, biochemical and genetic abnormalities in HS and HE have been well documented. The need to raise the awareness of HSt, albeit its much lower prevalence than HS, is due to the undesirable outcome of splenectomy in these patients. METHODS The scope of this guideline is to identify the characteristic clinical features, the red cell parameters (including red cell morphology) for these red cell disorders associated, respectively, with defective cytoskeleton (HS and HE) and abnormal cation permeability in the lipid bilayer (HSt) of the red cell. The current screening tests for HS are described, and their limitations are highlighted. RESULTS An appropriate diagnosis can often be made when the screening test result(s) is reviewed together with the patient's clinical/family history, blood count results, reticulocyte count, red cell morphology, and chemistry results. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins, monovalent cation flux measurement, and molecular analysis of membrane protein genes are specialist tests for further investigation. CONCLUSION Specialist tests provide additional evidence in supporting the diagnosis and that will facilitate the management of the patient. In the case of a patient's clinical phenotype being more severe than the affected members within the immediate family, molecular testing of all family members is useful for confirming the diagnosis and allows an insight into the molecular basis of the abnormality such as a recessive mode of inheritance or a de novo mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J King
- Membrane Biochemistry, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
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43
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Triggers, inhibitors, mechanisms, and significance of eryptosis: the suicidal erythrocyte death. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:513518. [PMID: 25821808 PMCID: PMC4364016 DOI: 10.1155/2015/513518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis is characterized by erythrocyte shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include Ca(2+) entry, ceramide formation, stimulation of caspases, calpain activation, energy depletion, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of several kinases. Eryptosis is triggered by a wide variety of xenobiotics. It is inhibited by several xenobiotics and endogenous molecules including NO and erythropoietin. The susceptibility of erythrocytes to eryptosis increases with erythrocyte age. Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes adhere to the vascular wall by binding to endothelial CXC-Motiv-Chemokin-16/Scavenger-receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized low density lipoprotein (CXCL16). Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes are further engulfed by phagocytosing cells and are thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. Eryptosis eliminates infected or defective erythrocytes thus counteracting parasitemia in malaria and preventing detrimental hemolysis of defective cells. Excessive eryptosis, however, may lead to anemia and may interfere with microcirculation. Enhanced eryptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of several clinical disorders including metabolic syndrome and diabetes, malignancy, cardiac and renal insufficiency, hemolytic uremic syndrome, sepsis, mycoplasma infection, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Facilitating or inhibiting eryptosis may be a therapeutic option in those disorders.
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Zebisch A, Schulz E, Grosso M, Lombardo B, Acierno G, Sill H, Iolascon A. Identification of a novel variant of epsilon-gamma-delta-beta thalassemia highlights limitations of next generation sequencing. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:E52-4. [PMID: 25488195 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Eduard Schulz
- Division of Hematology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology; University Federico II of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies; Naples Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology; University Federico II of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies; Naples Italy
| | - Giovanni Acierno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology; University Federico II of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies; Naples Italy
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology; University Federico II of Naples; Naples Italy
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies; Naples Italy
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45
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Lang E, Lang F. Mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 39:35-42. [PMID: 25636585 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling, is stimulated by Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+)-permeable, PGE2-activated cation channels, by ceramide, caspases, calpain, complement, hyperosmotic shock, energy depletion, oxidative stress, and deranged activity of several kinases (e.g. AMPK, GK, PAK2, CK1α, JAK3, PKC, p38-MAPK). Eryptosis is triggered by intoxication, malignancy, hepatic failure, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, hemolytic uremic syndrome, dehydration, phosphate depletion, fever, sepsis, mycoplasma infection, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Eryptosis may precede and protect against hemolysis but by the same token result in anemia and deranged microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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46
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Bawazir WM, Flatt JF, Wallis JP, Rendon A, Cardigan RA, New HV, Wiltshire M, Page L, Chapman CE, Stewart GW, Bruce LJ. Familial pseudohyperkalemia in blood donors: a novel mutation with implications for transfusion practice. Transfusion 2014; 54:3043-50. [PMID: 24947683 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial pseudohyperkalemia (FP) is a dominantly inherited condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) have an increased cold-induced permeability to monovalent cations. Potassium leaks into the supernatant of all stored blood with time, but FP RBCs leak potassium more rapidly. We investigated two unrelated blood donors whose RBC donations demonstrated unexpectedly high potassium after 5 and 6 days' storage. We matched the observed pattern of RBC cation leak to a previously recognized family with FP (FP-Cardiff) and investigated the likely cause with targeted DNA analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Cation leakage from the donor RBCs and from standard donor units was measured. DNA analysis of donors and family members with FP-Cardiff was performed. Allele frequencies were obtained from human variation databases. RESULTS Both implicated donors were found to have increased cold-induced potassium leak identical in pattern to affected members of the family with FP-Cardiff. We found a heterozygous substitution Arg723Gln in the ATP-binding cassette, Subfamily B, Member 6 protein that segregated with FP in the Cardiff family and was also present in both blood donors. Arg723Gln is listed in human variation databases with an allele frequency of approximately 1:1000. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel FP mutation that may affect 1:500 European blood donors and causes rapid loss of potassium from stored RBCs. This finding has implications for neonates and infants receiving large-volume RBC transfusions. Genomic screening of donors could be used to identify donors with this mutation and potentially improve the quality and safety of donor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Bawazir
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood & Transplant, Bristol, UK; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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47
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Alaarg A, Schiffelers RM, van Solinge WW, van Wijk R. Red blood cell vesiculation in hereditary hemolytic anemia. Front Physiol 2013; 4:365. [PMID: 24379786 PMCID: PMC3862113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemolytic anemia encompasses a heterogeneous group of anemias characterized by decreased red blood cell survival because of inherited membrane, enzyme, or hemoglobin disorders. Affected red blood cells are more fragile, less deformable, and more susceptible to shear stress and oxidative damage, and show increased vesiculation. Red blood cells, as essentially all cells, constitutively release phospholipid extracellular vesicles in vivo and in vitro in a process known as vesiculation. These extracellular vesicles comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicles of different sizes and intracellular origins. They are described in literature as exosomes if they originate from multi-vesicular bodies, or as microvesicles when formed by a one-step budding process directly from the plasma membrane. Extracellular vesicles contain a multitude of bioactive molecules that are implicated in intercellular communication and in different biological and pathophysiological processes. Mature red blood cells release in principle only microvesicles. In hereditary hemolytic anemias, the underlying molecular defect affects and determines red blood cell vesiculation, resulting in shedding microvesicles of different compositions and concentrations. Despite extensive research into red blood cell biochemistry and physiology, little is known about red cell deformability and vesiculation in hereditary hemolytic anemias, and the associated pathophysiological role is incompletely assessed. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicles biology, with focus on red blood cell vesiculation. Also, we review recent scientific findings on the molecular defects of hereditary hemolytic anemias, and their correlation with red blood cell deformability and vesiculation. Integrating bio-analytical findings on abnormalities of red blood cells and their microvesicles will be critical for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hereditary hemolytic anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Alaarg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter W van Solinge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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48
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Global discovery of erythroid long noncoding RNAs reveals novel regulators of red cell maturation. Blood 2013; 123:570-81. [PMID: 24200680 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-530683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is regulated at multiple levels to ensure the proper generation of mature red cells under multiple physiological conditions. To probe the contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to this process, we examined >1 billion RNA-seq reads of polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNA from differentiating mouse fetal liver red blood cells and identified 655 lncRNA genes including not only intergenic, antisense, and intronic but also pseudogene and enhancer loci. More than 100 of these genes are previously unrecognized and highly erythroid specific. By integrating genome-wide surveys of chromatin states, transcription factor occupancy, and tissue expression patterns, we identify multiple lncRNAs that are dynamically expressed during erythropoiesis, show epigenetic regulation, and are targeted by key erythroid transcription factors GATA1, TAL1, or KLF1. We focus on 12 such candidates and find that they are nuclear-localized and exhibit complex developmental expression patterns. Depleting them severely impaired erythrocyte maturation, inhibiting cell size reduction and subsequent enucleation. One of them, alncRNA-EC7, is transcribed from an enhancer and is specifically needed for activation of the neighboring gene encoding BAND 3. Our study provides an annotated catalog of erythroid lncRNAs, readily available through an online resource, and shows that diverse types of lncRNAs participate in the regulatory circuitry underlying erythropoiesis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Regulation of erythrocyte volume homeostasis is critical for survival of the erythrocyte. Inherited or acquired disorders that perturb this homeostasis jeopardize the erythrocyte, leading to its premature destruction. This report reviews recent insights into pathways that influence cellular water and solute homeostasis and cell volume. RECENT FINDINGS The molecular and genetic bases of primary disorders of erythrocyte hydration are beginning to be revealed. Recent studies have implicated roles for a new protein PIEZO1, a long sought after mammalian mechanosensory protein; GLUT1, the glucose transporter; SLC4A1, the anion transporter; RhAG, the Rh-associated glycoprotein; and ABCB6, an ATP-binding cassette family member. Secondary disorders associated with perturbed cellular volume and volume regulation include sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and hereditary spherocytosis, in which dehydration contributes to disease pathology and clinical complications. Advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating erythrocyte solute and water content, particularly associated with mechanotransduction pathways, have revealed novel mechanisms controlling erythrocyte hydration. Understanding these processes may provide innovative strategies to maintain normal erythrocyte volume in disorders associated with primary or secondary cellular dehydration. SUMMARY Understanding the mechanisms controlling erythrocyte volume regulation will serve as a paradigm for other cells and may reveal new therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment.
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Frumence E, Genetet S, Ripoche P, Iolascon A, Andolfo I, Le Van Kim C, Colin Y, Mouro-Chanteloup I, Lopez C. Rapid Cl−/HCO3−exchange kinetics of AE1 in HEK293 cells and hereditary stomatocytosis red blood cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C654-62. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00142.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 is a membrane protein responsible for the rapid exchange of chloride for bicarbonate across the red blood cell membrane. Nine mutations leading to single amino-acid substitutions in the transmembrane domain of AE1 are associated with dominant hereditary stomatocytosis, monovalent cation leaks, and reduced anion exchange activity. We set up a stopped-flow spectrofluorometry assay coupled with flow cytometry to investigate the anion transport and membrane expression characteristics of wild-type recombinant AE1 in HEK293 cells, using an inducible expression system. Likewise, study of three stomatocytosis-associated mutations (R730C, E758K, and G796R), allowed the validation of our method. Measurement of the rapid and specific chloride/bicarbonate exchange by surface expressed AE1 showed that E758K mutant was fully active compared with wild-type (WT) AE1, whereas R730C and G796R mutants were inactive, reinforcing previously reported data on other experimental models. Stopped-flow analysis of AE1 transport activity in red blood cell ghost preparations revealed a 50% reduction of G796R compared with WT AE1 corresponding to a loss of function of the G796R mutated protein, in accordance with the heterozygous status of the AE1 variant patients. In conclusion, stopped-flow led to measurement of rapid transport kinetics using the natural substrate for AE1 and, conjugated with flow cytometry, allowed a reliable correlation of chloride/bicarbonate exchange to surface expression of AE1, both in recombinant cells and ghosts and therefore a fine comparison of function between different stomatocytosis samples. This technical approach thus provides significant improvements in anion exchange analysis in red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Frumence
- Inserm U665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
- Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France; and
| | - Sandrine Genetet
- Inserm U665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
| | - Pierre Ripoche
- Inserm U665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, and CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, and CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Inserm U665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Inserm U665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Inserm U665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
| | - Claude Lopez
- Inserm U665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
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