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Labeur-Iurman L, Harker JA. Mechanisms of antibody mediated immunity - Distinct in early life. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 172:106588. [PMID: 38768890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Immune responses in early life are characterized by a failure to robustly generate long-lasting protective responses against many common pathogens or upon vaccination. This is associated with a reduced ability to generate T-cell dependent high affinity antibodies. This review highlights the differences in T-cell dependent antibody responses observed between infants and adults, in particular focussing on the alterations in immune cell function that lead to reduced T follicular helper cell-B cell crosstalk within germinal centres in early life. Understanding the distinct functional characteristics of early life humoral immunity, and how these are regulated, will be critical in guiding age-appropriate immunological interventions in the very young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Labeur-Iurman
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - James A Harker
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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2
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MacLean AJ, Bonifacio JP, Oram SL, Mohsen MO, Bachmann MF, Arnon TI. Regulation of pulmonary plasma cell responses during secondary infection with influenza virus. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232014. [PMID: 38661717 PMCID: PMC11044945 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During secondary infection with influenza virus, plasma cells (PCs) develop within the lung, providing a local source of antibodies. However, the site and mechanisms that regulate this process are poorly defined. Here, we show that while circulating memory B cells entered the lung during rechallenge and were activated within inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (iBALTs), resident memory B (BRM) cells responded earlier, and their activation occurred in a different niche: directly near infected alveoli. This process required NK cells but was largely independent of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Innate stimuli induced by virus-like particles containing ssRNA triggered BRM cell differentiation in the absence of cognate antigen, suggesting a low threshold of activation. In contrast, expansion of PCs in iBALTs took longer to develop and was critically dependent on CD4 T cells. Our work demonstrates that spatially distinct mechanisms evolved to support pulmonary secondary PC responses, and it reveals a specialized function for BRM cells as guardians of the alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophia L. Oram
- University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Bio Medical Research, University of Bern, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, UK
- Department of Bio Medical Research, University of Bern, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tal I. Arnon
- University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
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3
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Zhao RD, Liu DJ, Li JW, Wang Y, Lin JH, Zhang YT, Li Y, Zhan MX, Yin ZN, Lu LG, Liu B. Landscape and prognostic values of lymphocytes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial embolization. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:186-196. [PMID: 38648512 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transarterial embolization, the first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, does not always lead to promising outcomes in all patients. A better understanding of how the immune lymphocyte changes after transarterial embolization might be the key to improve the efficacy of transarterial embolization. However, there are few studies evaluating immune lymphocytes in transarterial embolization patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of transarterial embolization on lymphocyte subsets in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma to identify those that predict transarterial embolization prognosis. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at the following time points: 1 d before the initial transarterial embolization, 3 d after the initial transarterial embolization, and 1 mo after the initial transarterial embolization and subjected to peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation and flow cytometry. Dynamic changes in 75 lymphocyte subsets were recorded, and their absolute counts were calculated. Tumor assessments were made every 4 to 6 wk via computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Our results revealed that almost all lymphocyte subsets fluctuated 3 d after transarterial embolization, but only Tfh and B cells decreased 1 mo after transarterial embolization. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression showed that high levels of Th2 and conventional killer Vδ2 cells were associated with longer progressive-free survival after transarterial embolization. Longer overall survival after transarterial embolization was associated with high levels of Th17 and viral infection-specific Vδ1 cells and low levels of immature natural killer cells. In conclusion, transarterial embolization has a dynamic influence on the status of lymphocytes. Accordingly, several lymphocyte subsets can be used as prognostic markers for transarterial embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Dong Zhao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Jie Liu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Lin
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Tian Zhang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Xiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Nan Yin
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Purui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., North Tianhe Road 894, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, P.R. China
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), 4 Yuanshan Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Gong Lu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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4
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Wang JN, Zheng G, Wu W, Huang H. Follicular helper T cells: emerging roles in lymphomagenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:54-63. [PMID: 37939814 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that are fundamental to forming germinal centers, which are the primary sites of antibody affinity maturation and the proliferation of activated B cells. Follicular helper T cells have been extensively studied over the past 10 years, especially regarding their roles in cancer genesis. This review describes the characteristics of normal follicular helper T cells and focuses on the emerging link between follicular helper T cells and lymphomagenesis. Advances in lymphoma genetics have substantially expanded our understanding of the role of follicular helper T cells in lymphomagenesis. Moreover, we detail a range of agents and new therapies, with a major focus on chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy; these novel approaches may offer new treatment opportunities for patients with lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Nuo Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
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5
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Kumar S, Basto AP, Ribeiro F, Almeida SCP, Campos P, Peres C, Pulvirenti N, Al-Khalidi S, Kilbey A, Tosello J, Piaggio E, Russo M, Gama-Carvalho M, Coffelt SB, Roberts EW, Geginat J, Florindo HF, Graca L. Specialized Tfh cell subsets driving type-1 and type-2 humoral responses in lymphoid tissue. Cell Discov 2024; 10:64. [PMID: 38834551 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective antibody responses are essential to generate protective humoral immunity. Different inflammatory signals polarize T cells towards appropriate effector phenotypes during an infection or immunization. Th1 and Th2 cells have been associated with the polarization of humoral responses. However, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) have a unique ability to access the B cell follicle and support the germinal center (GC) responses by providing B cell help. We investigated the specialization of Tfh cells induced under type-1 and type-2 conditions. We first studied homogenous Tfh cell populations generated by adoptively transferred TCR-transgenic T cells in mice immunized with type-1 and type-2 adjuvants. Using a machine learning approach, we established a gene expression signature that discriminates Tfh cells polarized towards type-1 and type-2 response, defined as Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells. The distinct signatures of Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells were validated against datasets of Tfh cells induced following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or helminth infection. We generated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics datasets to dissect the heterogeneity of Tfh cells and their localization under the two immunizing conditions. Besides a distinct specialization of GC Tfh cells under the two immunizations and in different regions of the lymph nodes, we found a population of Gzmk+ Tfh cells specific for type-1 conditions. In human individuals, we could equally identify CMV-specific Tfh cells that expressed Gzmk. Our results show that Tfh cells acquire a specialized function under distinct types of immune responses and with particular properties within the B cell follicle and the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Kumar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Afonso P Basto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Silvia C P Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Campos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Sarwah Al-Khalidi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Kilbey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jimena Tosello
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ed W Roberts
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milano, Italy
- Università degli studi di Milano, DISCCO, Milano, Italy
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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6
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Mu DP, Scharer CD, Kaminski NE, Zhang Q. A multiscale spatial modeling framework for the germinal center response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1377303. [PMID: 38881901 PMCID: PMC11179717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The germinal center response or reaction (GCR) is a hallmark event of adaptive humoral immunity. Unfolding in the B cell follicles of the secondary lymphoid organs, a GC culminates in the production of high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells along with memory B cells. By interacting with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, GC B cells exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Driving the B cell dynamics are the intracellular signal transduction and gene regulatory network that responds to cell surface signaling molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. As our knowledge of the GC continues to expand in depth and in scope, mathematical modeling has become an important tool to help disentangle the intricacy of the GCR and inform novel mechanistic and clinical insights. While the GC has been modeled at different granularities, a multiscale spatial simulation framework - integrating molecular, cellular, and tissue-level responses - is still rare. Here, we report our recent progress toward this end with a hybrid stochastic GC framework developed on the Cellular Potts Model-based CompuCell3D platform. Tellurium is used to simulate the B cell intracellular molecular network comprising NF-κB, FOXO1, MYC, AP4, CXCR4, and BLIMP1 that responds to B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40-mediated signaling. The molecular outputs of the network drive the spatiotemporal behaviors of B cells, including cyclic migration between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) via chemotaxis; clonal proliferative bursts, somatic hypermutation, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis in the DZ; and positive selection, apoptosis via a death timer, and emergence of plasma cells in the LZ. Our simulations are able to recapitulate key molecular, cellular, and morphological GC events, including B cell population growth, affinity maturation, and clonal dominance. This novel modeling framework provides an open-source, customizable, and multiscale virtual GC simulation platform that enables qualitative and quantitative in silico investigations of a range of mechanistic and applied research questions on the adaptive humoral immune response in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Mu
- Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Norbert E. Kaminski
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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7
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Mitchell AE, Scanlon KM, Flowers EM, Jordan CM, Tibbs EJ, Bukowski A, Gallop D, Carbonetti NH. Age-dependent natural killer cell and interferon γ deficits contribute to severe pertussis in infant mice. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1143-1153. [PMID: 38285898 PMCID: PMC11135619 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Many respiratory infections are selectively injurious to infants, yet the etiology of age-associated susceptibility is unknown. One such bacterial pathogen is Bordetella pertussis. In adult mice, innate interferon γ (IFN-γ) is produced by natural killer (NK) cells and restricts infection to the respiratory tract. In contrast, infant pertussis resembles disease in NK cell- and IFN-γ-deficient adult mice that experience disseminated lethal infection. We hypothesized that infants exhibit age-associated deficits in NK cell frequency, maturation, and responsiveness to B. pertussis, associated with low IFN-γ levels. To delineate mechanisms behind age-dependent susceptibility, we compared infant and adult mouse models of infection. Infection in infant mice resulted in impaired upregulation of IFN-γ and substantial bacterial dissemination. B. pertussis-infected infant mice displayed fewer pulmonary NK cells than adult mice. Furthermore, the NK cells in the infant mouse lungs had an immature phenotype, and the infant lung showed no upregulation of the IFN-γ-inducing cytokine IL-12p70. Adoptive transfer of adult NK cells into infants, or treatment with exogenous IFN-γ, significantly reduced bacterial dissemination. These data indicate that the lack of NK cell-produced IFN-γ significantly contributes to infant fulminant pertussis and could be the basis for other pathogen-induced, age-dependent respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Karen M Scanlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Emily M Flowers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Cassandra M Jordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Ellis J Tibbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Alicia Bukowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Danisha Gallop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Nicholas H Carbonetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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8
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Bettini E, Chudnovskiy A, Protti G, Nakadakari-Higa S, Ceglia S, Castaño D, Chiu J, Muramatsu H, Mdluli T, Abraham E, Lipinszki Z, Maillard I, Tam YK, Reboldi A, Pardi N, Spreafico R, Victora GD, Locci M. Distinct components of nucleoside-modified messenger RNA vaccines cooperate to instruct efficient germinal center responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.17.594726. [PMID: 38798523 PMCID: PMC11118742 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.17.594726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines elicit protective antibodies through their ability to promote T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. The lipid nanoparticle (LNP) component of mRNA vaccines possesses inherent adjuvant activity. However, to what extent the nucleoside-modified mRNA can be sensed and contribute to Tfh cell responses remains largely undefined. Herein, we deconvoluted the signals induced by LNP and mRNA that instruct dendritic cells (DCs) to promote Tfh cell differentiation. We demonstrated that the nucleoside-modified mRNA drives the production of type I interferons that act on DCs to induce their maturation and the induction of Th1-biased Tfh responses. Conversely, LNP favors the acquisition of a Tfh cell-inducing program in DCs, a stronger Th2 polarization in Tfh cells, and allows for rapid mRNA translation by DCs within the draining lymph node. Our work unravels distinct adjuvant features of mRNA and LNP necessary for the induction of Tfh cells, with implications for vaccine design.
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9
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Zong Y, Deng K, Chong WP. Regulation of Treg cells by cytokine signaling and co-stimulatory molecules. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387975. [PMID: 38807592 PMCID: PMC11131382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a vital component of the immune system, are responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. This review explores the signaling pathways of the cytokines that regulate Treg cells, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and IL-35, which foster the differentiation and enhance the immunosuppressive capabilities of Tregs. It also examines how, conversely, signals mediated by IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α) can undermine Treg suppressive functions or even drive their reprogramming into effector T cells. The B7 family comprises indispensable co-stimulators for T cell activation. Among its members, this review focuses on the capacity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 to regulate the differentiation, function, and survival of Tregs. As Tregs play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis, their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review delves into the potential of employing Treg-based immunotherapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and cancer. By shedding light on these topics, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the regulation of Tregs by cytokines and their therapeutic potential for various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihang Deng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Po Chong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Minnie SA, Waltner OG, Zhang P, Takahashi S, Nemychenkov NS, Ensbey KS, Schmidt CR, Legg SRW, Comstock M, Boiko JR, Nelson E, Bhise SS, Wilkens AB, Koyama M, Dhodapkar MV, Chesi M, Riddell SR, Green DJ, Spencer A, Furlan SN, Hill GR. TIM-3 + CD8 T cells with a terminally exhausted phenotype retain functional capacity in hematological malignancies. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadg1094. [PMID: 38640253 PMCID: PMC11093588 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chronic antigen stimulation is thought to generate dysfunctional CD8 T cells. Here, we identify a CD8 T cell subset in the bone marrow tumor microenvironment that, despite an apparent terminally exhausted phenotype (TPHEX), expressed granzymes, perforin, and IFN-γ. Concurrent gene expression and DNA accessibility revealed that genes encoding these functional proteins correlated with BATF expression and motif accessibility. IFN-γ+ TPHEX effectively killed myeloma with comparable efficacy to transitory effectors, and disease progression correlated with numerical deficits in IFN-γ+ TPHEX. We also observed IFN-γ+ TPHEX within CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells, which killed CD19+ leukemia cells. An IFN-γ+ TPHEX gene signature was recapitulated in TEX cells from human cancers, including myeloma and lymphoma. Here, we characterize a TEX subset in hematological malignancies that paradoxically retains function and is distinct from dysfunctional TEX found in chronic viral infections. Thus, IFN-γ+ TPHEX represent a potential target for immunotherapy of blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A. Minnie
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Olivia G. Waltner
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Ping Zhang
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Shuichiro Takahashi
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Nicole S. Nemychenkov
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Kathleen S. Ensbey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Christine R. Schmidt
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Samuel RW. Legg
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Melissa Comstock
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Julie R. Boiko
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Ethan Nelson
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Shruti S. Bhise
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Alec B. Wilkens
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Atlanta, GA, UNITED STATES
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, UNITED STATES
| | - Marta Chesi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, UNITED STATES
| | - Stanley R. Riddell
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Damian J. Green
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Australian Center for Blood Diseases, Monash University/The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Scott N. Furlan
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; WA, UNITED STATES
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES
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11
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Shehata L, Thouvenel CD, Hondowicz BD, Pew LA, Pritchard GH, Rawlings DJ, Choi J, Pepper M. Interleukin-4 downregulates transcription factor BCL6 to promote memory B cell selection in germinal centers. Immunity 2024; 57:843-858.e5. [PMID: 38513666 PMCID: PMC11104266 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC)-derived memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for humoral immunity as they differentiate into protective antibody-secreting cells during re-infection. GC formation and cellular interactions within the GC have been studied in detail, yet the exact signals that allow for the selection and exit of MBCs are not understood. Here, we showed that IL-4 cytokine signaling in GC B cells directly downregulated the transcription factor BCL6 via negative autoregulation to release cells from the GC program and to promote MBC formation. This selection event required additional survival cues and could therefore result in either GC exit or death. We demonstrate that both increasing IL-4 bioavailability or limiting IL-4 signaling disrupted MBC selection stringency. In this way, IL-4 control of BCL6 expression serves as a tunable switch within the GC to tightly regulate MBC selection and affinity maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Shehata
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christopher D Thouvenel
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Brian D Hondowicz
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lucia A Pew
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - David J Rawlings
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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12
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Ruggiu M, Guérin MV, Corre B, Bardou M, Alonso R, Russo E, Garcia Z, Feldmann L, Lemaître F, Dusseaux M, Grandjean CL, Bousso P. Anti-PD-1 therapy triggers Tfh cell-dependent IL-4 release to boost CD8 T cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232104. [PMID: 38417020 PMCID: PMC10901238 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 therapy targets intratumoral CD8+ T cells to promote clinical responses in cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests an additional activity in the periphery, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that anti-PD-1 mAb enhances CD8+ T cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes by stimulating cytokine production in follicular helper T cells (Tfh). In two different models, anti-PD-1 mAb increased the activation and proliferation of tumor-specific T cells in lymph nodes. Surprisingly, anti-PD-1 mAb did not primarily target CD8+ T cells but instead stimulated IL-4 production by Tfh cells, the major population bound by anti-PD-1 mAb. Blocking IL-4 or inhibiting the Tfh master transcription factor BCL6 abrogated anti-PD-1 mAb activity in lymph nodes while injection of IL-4 complexes was sufficient to recapitulate anti-PD-1 mAb activity. A similar mechanism was observed in a vaccine model. Finally, nivolumab also boosted human Tfh cells in humanized mice. We propose that Tfh cells and IL-4 play a key role in the peripheral activity of anti-PD-1 mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Ruggiu
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Marion V. Guérin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Corre
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Margot Bardou
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Ruby Alonso
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Erica Russo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Zacarias Garcia
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Lea Feldmann
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Lemaître
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Bousso
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
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13
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Van der Borght K, Brimnes J, Haspeslagh E, Brand S, Neyt K, Gupta S, Knudsen NPH, Hammad H, Andersen PS, Lambrecht BN. Sublingual allergen immunotherapy prevents house dust mite inhalant type 2 immunity through dendritic cell-mediated induction of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00028-X. [PMID: 38570140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) is an emerging treatment option for allergic asthma and a potential disease-modifying strategy for asthma prevention. The key cellular events leading to such long-term tolerance remain to be fully elucidated. We administered prophylactic SLIT in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-driven allergic asthma. HDM extract was sublingually administered over 3 weeks followed by intratracheal sensitization and intranasal challenges with HDM. Prophylactic SLIT prevented allergic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity with a low lab-to-lab variation. The HDM-specific T helper (Th)2 (cluster of differentiation 4 Th) response was shifted by SLIT toward a regulatory and Th17 response in the lung and mediastinal lymph node. By using Derp1-specific cluster of differentiation 4+ T cells (1-DER), we found that SLIT blocked 1-DER T cell recruitment to the mediastinal lymph node and dampened IL-4 secretion following intratracheal HDM sensitization. Sublingually administered Derp1 protein activated 1-DER T cells in the cervical lymph node via chemokine receptor7+ migratory dendritic cells (DC). DCs migrating from the oral submucosa to the cervical lymph node after SLIT-induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. When mice were sensitized with HDM, prior prophylactic SLIT increased Derp1 specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lowered Th2 recruitment in the lung. By using Foxp3-diphtheria toxin receptor mice, Tregs were found to contribute to the immunoregulatory prophylactic effect of SLIT on type 2 immunity. These findings in a mouse model suggest that DC-mediated functional Treg induction in oral mucosa draining lymph nodes is one of the driving mechanisms behind the disease-modifying effect of prophylactic SLIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van der Borght
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Brimnes
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Eline Haspeslagh
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Brand
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Katrijn Neyt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter S Andersen
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Chang Y, Bach L, Hasiuk M, Wen L, Elmzzahi T, Tsui C, Gutiérrez-Melo N, Steffen T, Utzschneider DT, Raj T, Jost PJ, Heink S, Cheng J, Burton OT, Zeiträg J, Alterauge D, Dahlström F, Becker JC, Kastl M, Symeonidis K, van Uelft M, Becker M, Reschke S, Krebs S, Blum H, Abdullah Z, Paeschke K, Ohnmacht C, Neumann C, Liston A, Meissner F, Korn T, Hasenauer J, Heissmeyer V, Beyer M, Kallies A, Jeker LT, Baumjohann D. TGF-β specifies T FH versus T H17 cell fates in murine CD4 + T cells through c-Maf. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadd4818. [PMID: 38427718 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells are essential for effective antibody responses, but deciphering the intrinsic wiring of mouse TFH cells has long been hampered by the lack of a reliable protocol for their generation in vitro. We report that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces robust expression of TFH hallmark molecules CXCR5 and Bcl6 in activated mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro. TGF-β-induced mouse CXCR5+ TFH cells are phenotypically, transcriptionally, and functionally similar to in vivo-generated TFH cells and provide critical help to B cells. The study further reveals that TGF-β-induced CXCR5 expression is independent of Bcl6 but requires the transcription factor c-Maf. Classical TGF-β-containing T helper 17 (TH17)-inducing conditions also yield separate CXCR5+ and IL-17A-producing cells, highlighting shared and distinct cell fate trajectories of TFH and TH17 cells. We demonstrate that excess IL-2 in high-density T cell cultures interferes with the TGF-β-induced TFH cell program, that TFH and TH17 cells share a common developmental stage, and that c-Maf acts as a switch factor for TFH versus TH17 cell fates in TGF-β-rich environments in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luisa Bach
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marko Hasiuk
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Wen
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tarek Elmzzahi
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Immunogenomics and Neurodegeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlson Tsui
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nicolás Gutiérrez-Melo
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Teresa Steffen
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel T Utzschneider
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Timsse Raj
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paul Jonas Jost
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sylvia Heink
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Cheng
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Zeiträg
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dominik Alterauge
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frank Dahlström
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jennifer-Christin Becker
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Kastl
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Symeonidis
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina van Uelft
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Reschke
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Paeschke
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Immunogenomics and Neurodegeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Lukas T Jeker
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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15
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Choi J, Crotty S, Choi YS. Cytokines in Follicular Helper T Cell Biology in Physiologic and Pathologic Conditions. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e8. [PMID: 38455461 PMCID: PMC10917579 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) play a crucial role in generating high-affinity antibodies (Abs) and establishing immunological memory. Cytokines, among other functional molecules produced by Tfh, are central to germinal center (GC) reactions. This review focuses on the role of cytokines, including IL-21 and IL-4, in regulating B cell responses within the GC, such as differentiation, affinity maturation, and plasma cell development. Additionally, this review explores the impact of other cytokines like CXCL13, IL-10, IL-9, and IL-2 on GC responses and their potential involvement in autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. This review highlights contributions of Tfh-derived cytokines to both protective immunity and immunopathology across a spectrum of diseases. A deeper understanding of Tfh cytokine biology holds promise for insights into biomedical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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16
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Dong L, Wu J, Di G. Static electric field inhibits the proliferation and secretion functions of splenic lymphocytes in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1136-1146. [PMID: 37070850 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2202900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the effects of static electric field (SEF) generated by ultra-high voltage (UHV) direct current (DC) transmission lines on health has drawn public attention. To study the effects of SEF on the spleen, mice were exposed to 56.3 ± 1.4 kV/m SEF. Results showed that on the 28th day of SEF exposure, the contents of IL-10 and IFN-γ in the supernatant of homogenate, the proliferation levels of lymphocytes and the content of intracellular ROS decreased significantly, while the activity of SOD increased significantly. Meanwhile, the rupture of cellular membrane, the deficiency of mitochondrial cristae and the vacuolization of mitochondria appeared in lymphocytes. Analysis showed that the rupture of the cellular membrane caused the death of T lymphocytes, which would lead to the reduction of IL-10 and IFN-γ secretions. The damage of mitochondria could reduce the production of ATP and the content of ROS, which could inhibit the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoqing Di
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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17
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DiToro D, Murakami N, Pillai S. T-B Collaboration in Autoimmunity, Infection, and Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:386-398. [PMID: 37314442 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have attempted here to provide an up-to-date review of the collaboration between helper T cells and B cells in response to protein and glycoprotein antigens. This collaboration is essential as it not only protects from many pathogens but also contributes to a litany of autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiToro
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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18
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Yang Q, Zhang F, Chen H, Hu Y, Yang N, Yang W, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu R, Xu C. The differentiation courses of the Tfh cells: a new perspective on autoimmune disease pathogenesis and treatment. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231723. [PMID: 38051200 PMCID: PMC10830446 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The follicular helper T cells are derived from CD4+T cells, promoting the formation of germinal centers and assisting B cells to produce antibodies. This review describes the differentiation process of Tfh cells from the perspectives of the initiation, maturation, migration, efficacy, and subset classification of Tfh cells, and correlates it with autoimmune disease, to provide information for researchers to fully understand Tfh cells and provide further research ideas to manage immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, People’s Hospital of Mianzhu, Mianzhu, Sichuan, 618200, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Yuman Hu
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Wenyan Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Yaxu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
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19
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Mu DP, Scharer CD, Kaminski NE, Zhang Q. A Multiscale Spatial Modeling Framework for the Germinal Center Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577491. [PMID: 38501122 PMCID: PMC10945589 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The germinal center response or reaction (GCR) is a hallmark event of adaptive humoral immunity. Unfolding in the B cell follicles of the secondary lymph organs, a GC culminates in the production of high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells along with memory B cells. By interacting with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, GC B cells exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Driving the B cell dynamics are the intracellular signal transduction and gene regulatory network that responds to cell surface signaling molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. As our knowledge of the GC continues to expand in depth and in scope, mathematical modeling has become an important tool to help disentangle the intricacy of the GCR and inform novel mechanistic and clinical insights. While the GC has been modeled at different granularities, a multiscale spatial simulation framework - integrating molecular, cellular, and tissue-level responses - is still rare. Here, we report our recent progress toward this end with a hybrid stochastic GC framework developed on the Cellular Potts Model-based CompuCell3D platform. Tellurium is used to simulate the B cell intracellular molecular network comprising NF-κB, FOXO1, MYC, AP4, CXCR4, and BLIMP1 that responds to B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40-mediated signaling. The molecular outputs of the network drive the spatiotemporal behaviors of B cells, including cyclic migration between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) via chemotaxis; clonal proliferative bursts, somatic hypermutation, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis in the DZ; and positive selection, apoptosis via a death timer, and emergence of plasma cells in the LZ. Our simulations are able to recapitulate key molecular, cellular, and morphological GC events including B cell population growth, affinity maturation, and clonal dominance. This novel modeling framework provides an open-source, customizable, and multiscale virtual GC simulation platform that enables qualitative and quantitative in silico investigations of a range of mechanic and applied research questions in future.
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20
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Glabman RA, Olkowski CP, Minor HA, Bassel LL, Kedei N, Choyke PL, Sato N. Tumor Suppression by Anti-Fibroblast Activation Protein Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:449. [PMID: 38275890 PMCID: PMC10813865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a prominent cellular component of the tumor stroma, with various pro-tumorigenic roles. Numerous attempts to target fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a highly expressed marker in immunosuppressive CAFs, have failed to demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy in human clinical trials. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a highly selective tumor therapy that utilizes an antibody-photo-absorbing conjugate activated by near-infrared light. In this study, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of CAF depletion by NIR-PIT in two mouse tumor models. Using CAF-rich syngeneic lung and spontaneous mammary tumors, NIR-PIT against FAP or podoplanin was performed. Anti-FAP NIR-PIT effectively depleted FAP+ CAFs, as well as FAP+ myeloid cells, and suppressed tumor growth, whereas anti-podoplanin NIR-PIT was ineffective. Interferon-gamma production by CD8 T and natural killer cells was induced within hours after anti-FAP NIR-PIT. Additionally, lung metastases were reduced in the treated spontaneous mammary cancer model. Depletion of FAP+ stromal as well as FAP+ myeloid cells effectively suppressed tumor growth in bone marrow chimeras, suggesting that the depletion of both cell types in one treatment is an effective therapeutic approach. These findings highlight a promising therapy for selectively eliminating immunosuppressive FAP+ cells within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa A. Glabman
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.A.G.); (C.P.O.); (H.A.M.); (P.L.C.)
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Colleen P. Olkowski
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.A.G.); (C.P.O.); (H.A.M.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Hannah A. Minor
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.A.G.); (C.P.O.); (H.A.M.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Laura L. Bassel
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resources, Office of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.A.G.); (C.P.O.); (H.A.M.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.A.G.); (C.P.O.); (H.A.M.); (P.L.C.)
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21
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Villa M, Sanin DE, Apostolova P, Corrado M, Kabat AM, Cristinzio C, Regina A, Carrizo GE, Rana N, Stanczak MA, Baixauli F, Grzes KM, Cupovic J, Solagna F, Hackl A, Globig AM, Hässler F, Puleston DJ, Kelly B, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Hasselblatt P, Bengsch B, Zeiser R, Sagar, Buescher JM, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Prostaglandin E 2 controls the metabolic adaptation of T cells to the intestinal microenvironment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:451. [PMID: 38200005 PMCID: PMC10781727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cells must adapt to different environments during the course of an immune response. Here we study the adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment and how this process shapes the establishment of the CD8+ T cell pool. CD8+ T cells progressively remodel their transcriptome and surface phenotype as they enter the gut wall, and downregulate expression of mitochondrial genes. Human and mouse intestinal CD8+ T cells have reduced mitochondrial mass, but maintain a viable energy balance to sustain their function. We find that the intestinal microenvironment is rich in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drives mitochondrial depolarization in CD8+ T cells. Consequently, these cells engage autophagy to clear depolarized mitochondria, and enhance glutathione synthesis to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that result from mitochondrial depolarization. Impairing PGE2 sensing promotes CD8+ T cell accumulation in the gut, while tampering with autophagy and glutathione negatively impacts the T cell pool. Thus, a PGE2-autophagy-glutathione axis defines the metabolic adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment, to ultimately influence the T cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Villa
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology and Oncology), University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carmine Cristinzio
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Regina
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gustavo E Carrizo
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nisha Rana
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michal A Stanczak
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Solagna
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hackl
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Globig
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hässler
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Puleston
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beth Kelly
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology and Oncology), University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Davies K, McLaren J. Destabilisation of T cell-dependent humoral immunity in sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:65-85. [PMID: 38197178 PMCID: PMC10781648 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous condition defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. For some, sepsis presents as a predominantly suppressive disorder, whilst others experience a pro-inflammatory condition which can culminate in a 'cytokine storm'. Frequently, patients experience signs of concurrent hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression, underpinning the difficulty in directing effective treatment. Although intensive care unit mortality rates have improved in recent years, one-third of discharged patients die within the following year. Half of post-sepsis deaths are due to exacerbation of pre-existing conditions, whilst half are due to complications arising from a deteriorated immune system. It has been suggested that the intense and dysregulated response to infection may induce irreversible metabolic reprogramming in immune cells. As a critical arm of immune protection in vertebrates, alterations to the adaptive immune system can have devastating repercussions. Indeed, a marked depletion of lymphocytes is observed in sepsis, correlating with increased rates of mortality. Such sepsis-induced lymphopenia has profound consequences on how T cells respond to infection but equally on the humoral immune response that is both elicited by B cells and supported by distinct CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cell subsets. The immunosuppressive state is further exacerbated by functional impairments to the remaining lymphocyte population, including the presence of cells expressing dysfunctional or exhausted phenotypes. This review will specifically focus on how sepsis destabilises the adaptive immune system, with a closer examination on how B cells and CD4+ TFH cells are affected by sepsis and the corresponding impact on humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - James E. McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
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23
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Meli AP, Russell GA, Swaminathan S, Weichselbaum L, MacMahon CA, Pernet E, Karo-Atar D, Rogers D, Rochette A, Fontes G, Mandl JN, Divangahi M, Klein OD, Gregorieff A, Stäger S, King IL. Bcl-6 expression by CD4 + T cells determines concomitant immunity and host resistance across distinct parasitic infections. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:801-816. [PMID: 37659724 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD4+) T cells consist of multiple subtypes, defined by expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, that contribute to the control of infectious diseases by providing help to immune and nonimmune target cells. In the current study, we examined the role of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-6, a transcriptional repressor and master regulator of T follicular helper cell differentiation, in T cell-mediated host defense against intestinal and systemic parasitic infections. We demonstrate that while Bcl-6 expression by CD4+ T cells is critical for antibody-mediated protective immunity against secondary infection with the nematode Heligmosoides polygyrus bakeri, it paradoxically compromises worm expulsion during primary infection by limiting the generation of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Gata3+ T helper 2 cells. Enhanced worm expulsion in the absence of Bcl-6 expressing T cells was associated with amplified intestinal goblet cell differentiation and increased generation of alternatively activated macrophages, effects that were reversed by neutralization of IL-10 signals. An increase in IL-10 production by Bcl-6-deficient CD4+ T cells was also evident in the context of systemic Leishmania donovani infection, but in contrast to Heligmosoides polygyrus bakeri infection, compromised T helper 1-mediated liver macrophage activation and increased susceptibility to this distinct parasitic challenge. Collectively, our studies suggest that host defense pathways that protect against parasite superinfection and lethal systemic protozoal infections can be engaged at the cost of compromised primary resistance to well-tolerated helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Meli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Laura Weichselbaum
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clara A MacMahon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Rochette
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Fontes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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24
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Ding Z, Mulder J, Robinson MJ. The origins and longevity of IgE responses as indicated by serological and cellular studies in mice and humans. Allergy 2023; 78:3103-3117. [PMID: 37417548 PMCID: PMC10952832 DOI: 10.1111/all.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of long-lived IgE antibody-secreting cells (ASC) is contentious, with the maintenance of sensitization by the continuous differentiation of short-lived IgE+ ASC a possibility. Here, we review the epidemiological profile of IgE production, and give an overview of recent discoveries made on the mechanisms regulating IgE production from mouse models. Together, these data suggest that for most individuals, in most IgE-associated diseases, IgE+ ASC are largely short-lived cells. A subpopulation of IgE+ ASC in humans is likely to survive for tens of months, although due to autonomous IgE B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and antigen-driven IgE+ ASC apoptosis, in general IgE+ ASC probably do not persist for the decades that other ASC are inferred to do. We also report on recently identified memory B cell transcriptional subtypes that are the likely source of IgE in ongoing responses, highlighting the probable importance of IL-4Rα in their regulation. We suggest the field should look at dupilumab and other drugs that prohibit IgE+ ASC production as being effective treatments for IgE-mediated aspects of disease in most individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Ding
- Department of ImmunologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jesse Mulder
- Department of ImmunologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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25
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Cimpean M, Keppel MP, Gainullina A, Fan C, Sohn H, Schedler NC, Swain A, Kolicheski A, Shapiro H, Young HA, Wang T, Artyomov MN, Cooper MA. IL-15 Priming Alters IFN-γ Regulation in Murine NK Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1481-1493. [PMID: 37747317 PMCID: PMC10873103 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
NK effector functions can be triggered by inflammatory cytokines and engagement of activating receptors. NK cell production of IFN-γ, an important immunoregulatory cytokine, exhibits activation-specific IFN-γ regulation. Resting murine NK cells exhibit activation-specific metabolic requirements for IFN-γ production, which are reversed for activating receptor-mediated stimulation following IL-15 priming. Although both cytokine and activating receptor stimulation leads to similar IFN-γ protein production, only cytokine stimulation upregulates Ifng transcript, suggesting that protein production is translationally regulated after receptor stimulation. Based on these differences in IFN-γ regulation, we hypothesized that ex vivo IL-15 priming of murine NK cells allows a switch to IFN-γ transcription upon activating receptor engagement. Transcriptional analysis of primed NK cells compared with naive cells or cells cultured with low-dose IL-15 demonstrated that primed cells strongly upregulated Ifng transcript following activating receptor stimulation. This was not due to chromatin accessibility changes in the Ifng locus or changes in ITAM signaling, but was associated with a distinct transcriptional signature induced by ITAM stimulation of primed compared with naive NK cells. Transcriptional analyses identified a common signature of c-Myc (Myc) targets associated with Ifng transcription. Although Myc marked NK cells capable of Ifng transcription, Myc itself was not required for Ifng transcription using a genetic model of Myc deletion. This work highlights altered regulatory networks in IL-15-primed cells, resulting in distinct gene expression patterns and IFN-γ regulation in response to activating receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cimpean
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Molly P. Keppel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anastasiia Gainullina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Changxu Fan
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hyogon Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan C. Schedler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ana Kolicheski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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26
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Rüterbusch MJ, Hondowicz BD, Takehara KK, Pruner KB, Griffith TS, Pepper M. Allergen exposure functionally alters influenza-specific CD4+ Th1 memory cells in the lung. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230112. [PMID: 37698553 PMCID: PMC10497397 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ lung-resident memory T cells (TRM) generated in response to influenza infection confer effective protection against subsequent viral exposures. Whether these cells can be altered by environmental antigens and cytokines released during heterologous, antigen-independent immune responses is currently unclear. We therefore investigated how influenza-specific CD4+ Th1 TRM in the lung are impacted by a subsequent Th2-inducing respiratory house dust mite (HDM) exposure. Although naïve influenza-specific CD4+ T cells in the lymph nodes do not respond to HDM, influenza-specific CD4+ TRM in the lungs do respond to a subsequent allergen exposure by decreasing expression of the transcription factor T-bet. This functional alteration is associated with decreased IFN-γ production upon restimulation and improved disease outcomes following heterosubtypic influenza challenge. Further investigation revealed that ST2 signaling in CD4+ T cells during allergic challenge is necessary to induce these changes in lung-resident influenza-specific CD4+ TRM. Thus, heterologous antigen exposure or ST2-signaling can drive persistent changes in CD4+ Th1 TRM populations and impact protection upon reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel J. Rüterbusch
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian D. Hondowicz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kennidy K. Takehara
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kurt B. Pruner
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Joachim A, Aussel R, Gélard L, Zhang F, Mori D, Grégoire C, Villazala Merino S, Gaya M, Liang Y, Malissen M, Malissen B. Defective LAT signalosome pathology in mice mimics human IgG4-related disease at single-cell level. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20231028. [PMID: 37624388 PMCID: PMC10457416 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice with a loss-of-function mutation in the LAT adaptor (LatY136F) develop an autoimmune and type 2 inflammatory disorder called defective LAT signalosome pathology (DLSP). We analyzed via single-cell omics the trajectory leading to LatY136F DLSP and the underlying CD4+ T cell diversification. T follicular helper cells, CD4+ cytotoxic T cells, activated B cells, and plasma cells were found in LatY136F spleen and lung. Such cell constellation entailed all the cell types causative of human IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), an autoimmune and inflammatory condition with LatY136F DLSP-like histopathological manifestations. Most previously described T cell-mediated autoimmune manifestations require persistent TCR input. In contrast, following their first engagement by self-antigens, the autoreactive TCR expressed by LatY136F CD4+ T cells hand over their central role in T cell activation to CD28 costimulatory molecules. As a result, all subsequent LatY136F DLSP manifestations, including the production of autoantibodies, solely rely on CD28 engagement. Our findings elucidate the etiology of the LatY136F DLSP and qualify it as a model of IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Joachim
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Rudy Aussel
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Léna Gélard
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fanghui Zhang
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Daiki Mori
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Grégoire
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sergio Villazala Merino
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Mauro Gaya
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yinming Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Marie Malissen
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Immunophenomics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Immunophenomics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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28
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Reithofer M, Boell SL, Kitzmueller C, Horak F, Bohle B, Jahn-Schmid B. T-cell subset changes during the first year of pre-seasonal allergoid allergen-specific immunotherapy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21878. [PMID: 38034768 PMCID: PMC10685201 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment for type I allergy, which achieves long-lasting effects. Repeated subcutaneous applications of allergen extracts cause a protective antibody response and an immune deviation of T cells. In AIT with allergoids, chemically modified allergen extracts are injected. During a so-called special pre-seasonal application scheme, after the initial phase of applying increased doses of allergoids is followed by natural allergen exposure as a maintenance phase. The effectiveness of allergoid vaccines has been described regarding the improvement of clinical symptoms and the development of protective humoral responses. In this longitudinal observational study, we sought to investigate changes at the T cell level in pre-seasonal AIT with allergoid. Different subsets within CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were monitored by flow cytometry in PBMC of patients known to possess protective antibody responses. Compared to before treatment, a small early boost among allergenic Th cells was observed after 4 months of AIT. In line, a slight Th2 bias was observed after 4 months within circulating T follicular T cells, Tfh and Tfc, representing pre-existing memory Th2 cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that responsiveness of CD8+ T cells to allergen stimulation decreased during the course of treatment. Apart from that, we found an influence of the meteorological season on the activation profile of Tfh and Tfc over the course of the treatment. Together, this is the first study investigating changes of different T cell subsets over the course of an allergoid AIT against airborne allergens. Our findings match previous reports on conventional AIT, especially the initial increase of Th2 responses. However, the observed changes were less pronounced which may be either due to the modification of allergens or to the reduced maintenance dose provided by natural allergen exposure compared to a perennial protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Reithofer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Lisa Boell
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmueller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Barbey C, Su J, Billmeier M, Stefan N, Bester R, Carnell G, Temperton N, Heeney J, Protzer U, Breunig M, Wagner R, Peterhoff D. Immunogenicity of a silica nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:41-55. [PMID: 37774890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines have been regarded early on as critical in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the deployed vaccine platforms, subunit vaccines have a particularly good safety profile but may suffer from a lower immunogenicity compared to mRNA based or viral vector vaccines. In fact, this phenomenon has also been observed for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines comprising the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Therefore, RBD-based vaccines have to rely on additional measures to enhance the immune response. It is well accepted that displaying antigens on nanoparticles can improve the quantity and quality of vaccine-mediated both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Based on this, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 RBD as immunogen would benefit from being presented to the immune system via silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). Herein we describe the preparation, in vitro characterization, antigenicity and in vivo immunogenicity of SiNPs decorated with properly oriented RBD in mice. We found our RBD-SiNP conjugates show narrow, homogeneous particle distribution with optimal size of about 100 nm for efficient transport to and into the lymph node. The colloidal stability and binding of the antigen was stable for at least 4 months at storage- and in vivo-temperatures. The antigenicity of the RBD was maintained upon binding to the SiNP surface, and the receptor-binding motif was readily accessible due to the spatial orientation of the RBD. The particles were efficiently taken up in vitro by antigen-presenting cells. In a mouse immunization study using an mRNA vaccine and spike protein as benchmarks, we found that the SiNP formulation was able to elicit a stronger RBD-specific humoral response compared to the soluble protein. For the adjuvanted RBD-SiNP we found strong S-specific multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses, a balanced T helper response, improved auto- and heterologous virus neutralization capacity, and increased serum avidity, suggesting increased affinity maturation. In summary, our results provide further evidence for the possibility of optimizing the cellular and humoral immune response through antigen presentation on SiNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jinpeng Su
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Billmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stefan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Romina Bester
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George Carnell
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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30
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Hong D, Hu Z, Weng J, Yang L, Xiong Y, Liu Y. Effect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in animal models of allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111003. [PMID: 37806104 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a worldwide problem that affects people of all ages, impairing patients' physical and mental health and causing great social expenditure. Animal studies have suggested the potential efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in treating AR. Our meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of MSC therapy in animal models of AR by pooling animal studies. METHODS The search was executed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, OVID, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies up to February 2023. The applicable data were extracted from the eligible studies, and the risk of bias was assessed for each study. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (version 5.4.1) and Stata (version 15.1). RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in the final analysis. Compared to the model control group, the MSC therapy group presented lower frequency of sneezing [(Standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.87, 95% CI -2.30 to -1.43)], nasal scratching (SMD -1.41, 95% CI -1.83 to -0.99), and overall nasal symptoms (SMD -1.88, 95% CI -3.22 to -0.54). There were also remarkable reductions after transplantation with MSCs in the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) (SMD -1.25, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.79), allergen-specific IgE (SMD -1.79, 95% CI -2.25 to -1.32), and allergen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (SMD -1.29, 95% CI -2.03) in serum, as well as the count of eosinophils (EOS) in nasal mucosa (SMD -3.48, 95% CI -4.48 to -2.49). In terms of cytokines, MSC therapy significantly decreased both protein and mRNA levels of T helper cell 2 (Th2)-related cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. CONCLUSION MSC therapy has the potential to be an effective clinical treatment for AR patients by attenuating Th2 immune responses, reducing secretion of IgE and nasal infiltration of EOS, and consequently alleviating nasal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Juanling Weng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yalan Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yuanxian Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China.
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31
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Merkenschlager J, Berz RM, Ramos V, Uhlig M, MacLean AJ, Nowosad CR, Oliveira TY, Nussenzweig MC. Continually recruited naïve T cells contribute to the follicular helper and regulatory T cell pools in germinal centers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6944. [PMID: 37907454 PMCID: PMC10618265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (TFH) mediate B cell selection and clonal expansion in germinal centers (GCs), and follicular regulatory T cells (TFR) prevent the emergence of self-reactive B cells and help to extinguish the reaction. Here we show that GC reactions continually recruit T cells from both the naïve conventional and naive thymic regulatory T cell (Treg) repertoires. In the early GC, newly recruited T cells develop into TFH, whereas cells entering during the contraction phase develop into TFR cells that contribute to GC dissolution. The TFR fate decision is associated with decreased antigen availability and is modulated by slow antigen delivery or mRNA vaccination. Thus, invasion of ongoing GCs by newly developing TFH and TFR helps remodel the GC based on antigen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merkenschlager
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Riza-Maria Berz
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maximilian Uhlig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew J MacLean
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Carla R Nowosad
- Translational Immunology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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32
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Hägglöf T, Parthasarathy R, Liendo N, Dudley EA, Leadbetter EA. RIPK1 deficiency prevents thymic NK1.1 expression and subsequent iNKT cell development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103591. [PMID: 37965338 PMCID: PMC10642909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) and caspase-8 (Casp8) jointly orchestrate apoptosis, a key mechanism for eliminating developing T cells which have autoreactive or improperly arranged T cell receptors. Mutations in the scaffolding domain of Ripk1 gene have been identified in humans with autoinflammatory diseases like Cleavage Resistant RIPK1 Induced Autoinflammatory (CRIA) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. RIPK1 protein also contributes to conventional T cell differentiation and peripheral T cell homeostasis through its scaffolding domain in a cell death independent context. Ripk1 deficient mice do not survive beyond birth, so we have studied the function of this kinase in vivo against a backdrop Ripk3 and Casp8 deficiency which allows the mice to survive to adulthood. These studies reveal a key role for RIPK1 in mediating NK1.1 expression, including on thymic iNKT cells, which is a key requirement for thymic stage 2 to stage 3 transition as well as iNKT cell precursor development. These results are consistent with RIPK1 mediating responses to TcR engagement, which influence NK1.1 expression and iNKT cell thymic development. We also used in vivo and in vitro stimulation assays to confirm a role for both Casp8 and RIPK1 in mediating iNKT cytokine effector responses. Finally, we also noted expanded and hyperactivated iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH) cells in both DKO (Casp8-, Ripk3- deficient) and TKO mice (Ripk1-, Casp8-, Ripk3- deficient). Thus, while RIPK1 and Casp8 jointly facilitate iNKT effector function, RIPK1 uniquely influenced thymic iNKT cell development most likely by regulating molecular responses to T cell receptor engagement. iNKT developmental and functional aberrances were not evident in mice expressing a kinase-dead version of RIPK1 (RIPK1kd), indicating that the scaffolding function of this protein exerts the critical regulation of iNKT cells. Our findings suggest that small molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 could be used to regulate iNKT cell development and effector function to alleviate autoinflammatory conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hägglöf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raksha Parthasarathy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nathaniel Liendo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- St Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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33
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Uhl LFK, Cai H, Oram SL, Mahale JN, MacLean AJ, Mazet JM, Piccirilli T, He AJ, Lau D, Elliott T, Gerard A. Interferon-γ couples CD8 + T cell avidity and differentiation during infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6727. [PMID: 37872155 PMCID: PMC10593754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective responses to intracellular pathogens are characterized by T cell clones with a broad affinity range for their cognate peptide and diverse functional phenotypes. How T cell clones are selected throughout the response to retain a breadth of avidities remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that direct sensing of the cytokine IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells coordinates avidity and differentiation during infection. IFN-γ promotes the expansion of low-avidity T cells, allowing them to overcome the selective advantage of high-avidity T cells, whilst reinforcing high-avidity T cell entry into the memory pool, thus reducing the average avidity of the primary response and increasing that of the memory response. IFN-γ in this context is mainly provided by virtual memory T cells, an antigen-inexperienced subset with memory features. Overall, we propose that IFN-γ and virtual memory T cells fulfil a critical immunoregulatory role by enabling the coordination of T cell avidity and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lion F K Uhl
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Han Cai
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophia L Oram
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jagdish N Mahale
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J MacLean
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie M Mazet
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Theo Piccirilli
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J He
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Audrey Gerard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Shehata L, Thouvenel CD, Hondowicz BD, Pew LA, Rawlings DJ, Choi J, Pepper M. IL-4 downregulates BCL6 to promote memory B cell selection in germinal centers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525749. [PMID: 36747852 PMCID: PMC9900890 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC)-derived memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for humoral immunity as they differentiate into protective antibody-secreting cells during re-infection. GC formation and cellular interactions within the GC have been studied in detail, yet the exact signals that allow for the selection and exit of MBCs are not understood. Here, we show that IL-4 signaling in GC B cells directly downregulates BCL6 via negative autoregulation to release cells from the GC program and promote MBC formation. This selection event requires additional survival cues and can therefore result in either GC exit or death. We demonstrate that both increasing IL-4 bioavailability or limiting IL-4 signaling disrupt MBC selection stringency. In this way, IL-4 control of BCL6 expression serves as a tunable switch within the GC to tightly regulate MBC selection and affinity maturation.
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35
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Fujimoto S, Arinobu Y, Miyawaki K, Ayano M, Mitoma H, Kimoto Y, Ono N, Akashi K, Horiuchi T, Niiro H. Anti-dsDNA IgE induces IL-4 production from basophils, potentially involved in B-cell differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3480-3489. [PMID: 36810600 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, the involvement of basophils and IgE-type autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of SLE has been elucidated using mouse models; however, few studies have been conducted in humans. In this study, the role of basophils and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) IgE in SLE was examined using human samples. METHODS The correlation between disease activity and serum levels of anti-dsDNA IgE in SLE was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokines produced by IgE-stimulated basophils from healthy subjects were assessed using RNA sequences. The interaction of basophils and B cells to promote B cell differentiation was investigated using a co-culture system. The ability of basophils from patients with SLE with anti-dsDNA IgE to create cytokines that may be involved in B cell differentiation in response to dsDNA was examined using real-time PCR. RESULTS Anti-dsDNA IgE levels in the serum of patients with SLE correlated with disease activity. Healthy donor basophils produced IL-3, IL-4 and TGF-β1 after anti-IgE stimulation. Co-culture of B cells with anti-IgE-stimulated basophils increased plasmablasts which were cancelled by neutralizing IL-4. After encountering the antigen, basophils released IL-4 more quickly than follicular helper T cells. Basophils isolated from patients with anti-dsDNA IgE promoted IL-4 expression by adding dsDNA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that basophils contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE by promoting B cell differentiation via dsDNA-specific IgE in patients similar to the process described in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fujimoto
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology/Infectious Disease, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Arinobu
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology/Infectious Disease, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohta Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ayano
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mitoma
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology/Infectious Disease, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ono
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology/Infectious Disease, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Zaini A, Dalit L, Sheikh AA, Zhang Y, Thiele D, Runting J, Rodrigues G, Ng J, Bramhall M, Scheer S, Hailes L, Groom JR, Good-Jacobson KL, Zaph C. Heterogeneous Tfh cell populations that develop during enteric helminth infection predict the quality of type 2 protective response. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:642-657. [PMID: 37392971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are an important component of germinal center (GC)-mediated humoral immunity. Yet, how a chronic type 1 versus protective type 2 helminth infection modulates Tfh-GC responses remains poorly understood. Here, we employ the helminth Trichuris muris model and demonstrate that Tfh cell phenotypes and GC are differentially regulated in acute versus chronic infection. The latter failed to induce Tfh-GC B cell responses, with Tfh cells expressing Τ-bet and interferon-γ. In contrast, interleukin-4-producing Tfh cells dominate responses to an acute, resolving infection. Heightened expression and increased chromatin accessibility of T helper (Th)1- and Th2 cell-associated genes are observed in chronic and acute induced Tfh cells, respectively. Blockade of the Th1 cell response by T-cell-intrinsic T-bet deletion promoted Tfh cell expansion during chronic infection, pointing to a correlation between a robust Tfh cell response and protective immunity to parasites. Finally, blockade of Tfh-GC interactions impaired type 2 immunity, revealing the critical protective role of GC-dependent Th2-like Tfh cell responses during acute infection. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the protective roles of Tfh-GC responses and identify distinct transcriptional and epigenetic features of Tfh cells that emerge during resolving or chronic T. muris infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidil Zaini
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lennard Dalit
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amania A Sheikh
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia
| | - Daniel Thiele
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jessica Runting
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia
| | - Grace Rodrigues
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia
| | - Judy Ng
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael Bramhall
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lauren Hailes
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Colby Zaph
- Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Australia.
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Liu R, Lv Y, Sun W, Li M, Ge N, Zhu C, Ding Y, Liu Z, Ma R, Huang Y, Hou S, Ying Q, Gu T, Wang F, Nie L, Wang Y, Huang W, Shu J, Wu X. Investigation of a subunit protein vaccine for HFRS based on a consensus sequence between envelope glycoproteins of HTNV and SEOV. Virus Res 2023; 334:199149. [PMID: 37329903 PMCID: PMC10410520 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global resurgence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), more attention is being focused on this dangerous illness. In China and Korea, the only vaccines available are the virus-inactivated vaccine against Hantaan virus (HTNV) or Seoul virus (SEOV), but their efficacy and safety are inadequate. Therefore, it is important to develop new vaccines that are safer and more efficient to neutralize and regulate areas with a high prevalence of HFRS. We employed bioinformatics methods to design a recombinant protein vaccine based on conserved regions of protein consensus sequences in HTNV and SEOV membranes. The S2 Drosophila expression system was utilized to enhance protein expression, solubility and immunogenicity. After the Gn and Gc proteins of HTNV and SEOV were successfully expressed, mice were immunized, and the humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and in vivo protection of the HFRS universal subunit vaccine were systematically evaluated in mouse models. These results indicated that the HFRS subunit vaccine generated elevated levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies, particularly IgG1, compared to that of the traditional inactivated HFRS vaccine. Additionally, the spleen cells of immunized mice secreted IFN-r and IL-4 cytokines effectively. Moreover, the HTNV-Gc protein vaccine successfully protected suckling mice from HTNV infection and stimulated GC responses. In this research, a new scientific approach is investigated to develop a universal HFRS subunit protein vaccine that is capable of producing effective humoral and cellular immunity in mice. The results suggest that this vaccine could be a promising candidate for preventing HFRS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhua Lv
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Ge
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxin Ding
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyuan Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qikang Ying
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianle Gu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiayi Shu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital & Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xingan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Cui C, Craft J, Joshi NS. T follicular helper cells in cancer, tertiary lymphoid structures, and beyond. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101797. [PMID: 37343412 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence and success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, immuno-oncology has primarily focused on CD8 T cells, whose cytotoxic programs directly target tumor cells. However, the limited response rate of current immunotherapy regimens has prompted investigation into other types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as CD4 T cells and B cells, and how they interact with CD8 T cells in a coordinated network. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells and B cells in cancer, highlighting the important role of their crosstalk and interactions with other immune cell components in the tumor microenvironment. These interactions also occur in tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which resemble secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) with orchestrated vascular, chemokine, and cellular infrastructures that support the developmental pathways of functional immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs on TFH biology and T cell-B cell interactions in tumor immunology, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets to advance cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Ronsard L, Yousif AS, Nait Mohamed FA, Feldman J, Okonkwo V, McCarthy C, Schnabel J, Caradonna T, Barnes RM, Rohrer D, Lonberg N, Schmidt A, Lingwood D. Engaging an HIV vaccine target through the acquisition of low B cell affinity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5249. [PMID: 37640732 PMCID: PMC10462694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Low affinity is common for germline B cell receptors (BCR) seeding development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that engage hypervariable viruses, including HIV. Antibody affinity selection is also non-homogenizing, insuring the survival of low affinity B cell clones. To explore whether this provides a natural window for expanding human B cell lineages against conserved vaccine targets, we deploy transgenic mice mimicking human antibody diversity and somatic hypermutation (SHM) and immunize with simple monomeric HIV glycoprotein envelope immunogens. We report an immunization regimen that focuses B cell memory upon the conserved CD4 binding site (CD4bs) through both conventional affinity maturation and reproducible expansion of low affinity BCR clones with public patterns in SHM. In the latter instance, SHM facilitates target acquisition by decreasing binding strength. This suggests that permissive B cell selection enables the discovery of antibody epitopes, in this case an HIV bnAb site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vintus Okonkwo
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julia Schnabel
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy Caradonna
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA, 94063-2478, USA
| | - Daniel Rohrer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA, 94063-2478, USA
| | - Nils Lonberg
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA, 94063-2478, USA
| | - Aaron Schmidt
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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40
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Finney GE, Hargrave KE, Pingen M, Purnell T, Todd D, MacDonald F, Worrell JC, MacLeod MKL. Triphasic production of IFN γ by innate and adaptive lymphocytes following influenza A virus infection. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad014. [PMID: 37842651 PMCID: PMC10568397 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a potent antiviral cytokine that can be produced by many innate and adaptive immune cells during infection. Currently, our understanding of which cells produce IFNγ and where they are located at different stages of an infection is limited. We have used reporter mice to investigate in vivo expression of Ifnγ mRNA in the lung and secondary lymphoid organs during and following influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We observed a triphasic production of Ifnγ expression. Unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells, particularly NK cells, were the dominant producers of early Ifnγ, while CD4 and CD8 T cells were the main producers by day 10 post-infection. Following viral clearance, some memory CD4 and CD8 T cells continued to express Ifnγ in the lungs and draining lymph node. Interestingly, Ifnγ production by lymph node natural killer (NK), NKT, and innate lymphoid type 1 cells also continued to be above naïve levels, suggesting memory-like phenotypes for these cells. Analysis of the localization of Ifnγ+ memory CD4 and CD8 T cells demonstrated that cytokine+ T cells were located near airways and in the lung parenchyma. Following a second IAV challenge, lung IAV-specific CD8 T cells rapidly increased their expression of Ifnγ while CD4 T cells in the draining lymph node increased their Ifnγ response. Together, these data suggest that Ifnγ production fluctuates based on cellular source and location, both of which could impact subsequent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Finney
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kerrie E Hargrave
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Purnell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Todd
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Freya MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie C Worrell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Megan K L MacLeod
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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41
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Ferreira NS, Lima NF, Sulczewski FB, Soares IS, Ferreira MU, Boscardin SB. Plasmodium vivax infection alters the peripheral immunoregulatory network of CD4 T follicular cells and B cells. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350372. [PMID: 37160134 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory and effector cell responses to Plasmodium vivax, the most common human malaria parasite outside Africa, remain understudied in naturally infected populations. Here, we describe peripheral CD4+ T- and B-cell populations during and shortly after an uncomplicated P. vivax infection in 38 continuously exposed adult Amazonians. Consistent with previous observations, we found an increased frequency in CD4+ CD45RA- CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells that express the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 during the acute infection, with a sustained expansion of CD21- CD27- atypical memory cells within the CD19+ B-cell compartment. Both Th1- and Th2-type subsets of CXCR5+ ICOShi PD-1+ circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells, which are thought to contribute to antibody production, were induced during P. vivax infection, with a positive correlation between overall cTfh cell frequency and IgG antibody titers to the P. vivax blood-stage antigen MSP119 . We identified significant changes in cell populations that had not been described in human malaria, such as an increased frequency of CTLA-4+ T follicular regulatory cells that antagonize Tfh cells, and a decreased frequency of circulating CD24hi CD27+ B regulatory cells in response to acute infection. In conclusion, we disclose a complex immunoregulatory network that is critical to understand how naturally acquired immunity develops in P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália S Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália F Lima
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando B Sulczewski
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene S Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia B Boscardin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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42
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Curtiss ML, Rosenberg AF, Scharer CD, Mousseau B, Benavides NAB, Bradley JE, León B, Steele C, Randall TD, Lund FE. Chitinase-3-like 1 regulates T H2 cells, T FH cells and IgE responses to helminth infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158493. [PMID: 37575256 PMCID: PMC10415220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data from patient cohorts and mouse models of atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma strongly support a role for chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) in allergic disease. Methods To address whether Chi3l1 also contributes to TH2 responses following nematode infection, we infected Chi3l1 -/- mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) and analyzed T cell responses. Results As anticipated, we observed impaired TH2 responses in Hp-infected Chi3l1 -/- mice. However, we also found that T cell intrinsic expression of Chi3l1 was required for ICOS upregulation following activation of naïve CD4 T cells and was necessary for the development of the IL-4+ TFH subset, which supports germinal center B cell reactions and IgE responses. We also observed roles for Chi3l1 in TFH, germinal center B cell, and IgE responses to alum-adjuvanted vaccination. While Chi3l1 was critical for IgE humoral responses it was not required for vaccine or infection-induced IgG1 responses. Discussion These results suggest that Chi3l1 modulates IgE responses, which are known to be highly dependent on IL-4-producing TFH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L. Curtiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Natalia A. Ballesteros Benavides
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John E. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
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Salvador AFM, Dykstra T, Rustenhoven J, Gao W, Blackburn SM, Bhasiin K, Dong MQ, Guimarães RM, Gonuguntla S, Smirnov I, Kipnis J, Herz J. Age-dependent immune and lymphatic responses after spinal cord injury. Neuron 2023; 111:2155-2169.e9. [PMID: 37148871 PMCID: PMC10523880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes lifelong debilitating conditions. Previous works demonstrated the essential role of the immune system in recovery after SCI. Here, we explored the temporal changes of the response after SCI in young and aged mice in order to characterize multiple immune populations within the mammalian spinal cord. We revealed substantial infiltration of myeloid cells to the spinal cord in young animals, accompanied by changes in the activation state of microglia. In contrast, both processes were blunted in aged mice. Interestingly, we discovered the formation of meningeal lymphatic structures above the lesion site, and their role has not been examined after contusive injury. Our transcriptomic data predicted lymphangiogenic signaling between myeloid cells in the spinal cord and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the meninges after SCI. Together, our findings delineate how aging affects the immune response following SCI and highlight the participation of the spinal cord meninges in supporting vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca M Salvador
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan M Blackburn
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kesshni Bhasiin
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael Q Dong
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rafaela Mano Guimarães
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sriharsha Gonuguntla
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jasmin Herz
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abdelbary M, Hobbs SJ, Gibbs JS, Yewdell JW, Nolz JC. T cell receptor signaling strength establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8 + T cells that control tissue-residency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3928. [PMID: 37402742 PMCID: PMC10319879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells are largely derived from recently activated effector T cells, but the mechanisms that control the extent of TRM differentiation within tissue microenvironments remain unresolved. Here, using an IFNγ-YFP reporter system to identify CD8+ T cells executing antigen-dependent effector functions, we define the transcriptional consequences and functional mechanisms controlled by TCR-signaling strength that occur within the skin during viral infection to promote TRM differentiation. TCR-signaling both enhances CXCR6-mediated migration and suppresses migration toward sphingosine-1-phosphate, indicating the programming of a 'chemotactic switch' following secondary antigen encounter within non-lymphoid tissues. Blimp1 was identified as the critical target of TCR re-stimulation that is necessary to establish this chemotactic switch and for TRM differentiation to efficiently occur. Collectively, our findings show that access to antigen presentation and strength of TCR-signaling required for Blimp1 expression establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+ T cells to promote residency within non-lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James S Gibbs
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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45
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Chakma CR, Good-Jacobson KL. Requirements of IL-4 during the Generation of B Cell Memory. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1853-1860. [PMID: 37276051 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 has long been established as a key regulator of Th cells and for promoting effective B cell survival and isotype class switching. Yet, despite having been extensively studied, the specific role of IL-4 in generating humoral memory in vivo is unclear. In this review, we explore the recent studies that unravel the cellular sources and spatiotemporal production of IL-4, the relationship between IL-4 and IL-21 during germinal center responses and the formation of Ab-secreting cells, and the current understanding of whether IL-4 promotes or suppresses memory B cell generation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Chakma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Bao K, Isik Can U, Miller MM, Brown IK, Dell'Aringa M, Dooms H, Seibold MA, Scott-Browne J, Lee Reinhardt R. A bifurcated role for c-Maf in Th2 and Tfh2 cells during helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:357-372. [PMID: 37088263 PMCID: PMC10290510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Differences in transcriptomes, transcription factor usage, and function have identified T follicular helper 2 (Tfh2) cells and T helper 2 (Th2) cells as distinct clusters of differentiation 4+",(CD4) T-cell subsets in settings of type-2 inflammation. Although the transcriptional programs driving Th2 cell differentiation and cytokine production are well defined, dependence on these classical Th2 programs by Tfh2 cells is less clear. Using cytokine reporter mice in combination with transcription factor inference analysis, the b-Zip transcription factor c-Maf and its targets were identified as an important regulon in both Th2 and Tfh2 cells. Conditional deletion of c-Maf in T cells confirmed its importance in type-2 cytokine expression by Th2 and Tfh2 cells. However, while c-Maf was not required for Th2-driven helminth clearance or lung eosinophilia, it was required for Tfh2-driven Immunoglobulin E production and germinal center formation. This differential regulation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity by c-Maf was a result of redundant pathways in Th2 cells that were absent in Tfh2 cells, and c-Maf-specific mechanisms in Tfh2 cells that were absent in Th2 cells. Thus, despite shared expression by Tfh2 and Th2 cells, c-Maf serves as a unique regulator of Tfh2-driven humoral hallmarks during type-2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Uryan Isik Can
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Ivy K Brown
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Mark Dell'Aringa
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Hans Dooms
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - James Scott-Browne
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Richard Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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47
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James KD, White AJ, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. The medulla controls effector primed γδT-cell development in the adult mouse thymus. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350388. [PMID: 36929102 PMCID: PMC10947249 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
γδT cells are produced in the thymus throughout life and provide immunity at epithelial-rich sites. Unlike conventional αβT cells, γδT-cell development involves intrathymic acquisition of effector function, with priming for either IL17 or IFN-γ production occurring during embryonic or adult life, respectively. How the thymus controls effector-primed γδT-cell generation in adulthood is poorly understood. Here, we distinguished de novo γδT cells from those undergoing thymus recirculation and/or retention using Rag2GFP mice alongside markers of maturation/effector priming including CD24, CD25, CD73, and IFN-γ, the latter by crossing with IFN-γYFP GREAT mice. We categorize newly developing γδT-cells into an ordered sequence where CD25+ CD73- IFN-γYFP- precursors are followed sequentially by CD25- CD73+ IFN-γYFP- intermediates and CD25- CD73+ IFN-γYFP+ effectors. To determine intrathymic requirements controlling this sequence, we examined γδT-cell development in Relb-/- thymus grafts that lack medullary microenvironments. Interestingly, medulla deficiency did not alter CD25+ γδT-cell precursor generation, but significantly impaired development of effector primed stages. This impact on γδT-cell priming was mirrored in plt/plt mice lacking the medullary chemoattractants CCL19 and CCL21, and also Ccl21a-/- but not Ccl19-/- mice. Collectively, we identify the medulla as an important site for effector priming during adult γδT-cell development and demonstrate a specific role for the medullary epithelial product CCL21 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran D. James
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Andrea J. White
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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48
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Harbour JC, Abdelbary M, Schell JB, Fancher SP, McLean JJ, Nappi TJ, Liu S, Nice TJ, Xia Z, Früh K, Nolz JC. T helper 1 effector memory CD4 + T cells protect the skin from poxvirus infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112407. [PMID: 37083328 PMCID: PMC10281076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxvirus infections of the skin are a recent emerging public health concern, yet the mechanisms that mediate protective immunity against these viral infections remain largely unknown. Here, we show that T helper 1 (Th1) memory CD4+ T cells are necessary and sufficient to provide complete and broad protection against poxvirus skin infections, whereas memory CD8+ T cells are dispensable. Core 2 O-glycan-synthesizing Th1 effector memory CD4+ T cells rapidly infiltrate the poxvirus-infected skin microenvironment and produce interferon γ (IFNγ) in an antigen-dependent manner, causing global changes in gene expression to promote anti-viral immunity. Keratinocytes express IFN-stimulated genes, upregulate both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II antigen presentation in an IFNγ-dependent manner, and require IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) signaling and MHC class II expression for memory CD4+ T cells to protect the skin from poxvirus infection. Thus, Th1 effector memory CD4+ T cells exhibit potent anti-viral activity within the skin, and keratinocytes are the key targets of IFNγ necessary for preventing poxvirus infection of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Harbour
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John B Schell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Samantha P Fancher
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack J McLean
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Taylen J Nappi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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49
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Cimpean M, Keppel MP, Gainullina A, Fan C, Schedler NC, Swain A, Kolicheski A, Shapiro H, Young HA, Wang T, Artyomov MN, Cooper MA. IL-15 priming alters IFN-γ regulation in murine NK cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.23.537947. [PMID: 37163083 PMCID: PMC10168240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.23.537947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) effector functions can be triggered by inflammatory cytokines and engagement of activating receptors. NK cell production of IFN-γ, an important immunoregulatory cytokine, exhibits activation-specific IFN-γ regulation. Resting murine NK cells exhibit activation-specific metabolic requirements for IFN-γ production, which are reversed for activating receptor-mediated stimulation following IL-15 priming. While both cytokine and activating receptor stimulation leads to similar IFN-γ protein production, only cytokine stimulation upregulates Ifng transcript, suggesting that protein production is translationally regulated after receptor stimulation. Based on these differences in IFN-γ regulation, we hypothesized that ex vivo IL-15 priming of murine NK cells allows a switch to IFN-γ transcription upon activating receptor engagement. Transcriptional analysis of primed NK cells compared to naïve cells or cells cultured with low-dose IL-15 demonstrated that primed cells strongly upregulated Ifng transcript following activating receptor stimulation. This was not due to chromatin accessibility changes in the Ifng locus or changes in ITAM signaling, but was associated with a distinct transcriptional signature induced by ITAM stimulation of primed compared to naïve NK cells. Transcriptional analyses identified a common signature of c-Myc (Myc) targets associated with Ifng transcription. While Myc marked NK cells capable of Ifng transcription, Myc itself was not required for Ifng transcription using a genetic model of Myc deletion. This work highlights altered regulatory networks in IL-15 primed cells, resulting in distinct gene expression patterns and IFN-γ regulation in response to activating receptor stimulation.
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50
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Depew CE, Rixon JA, McSorley SJ. Optimal generation of hepatic tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells requires IL-1 and IL-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214699120. [PMID: 37040404 PMCID: PMC10120061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214699120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic CD4 tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are required for robust protection against Salmonella infection; however, the generation of this T cell population is poorly understood. To interrogate the contribution of inflammation, we developed a simple Salmonella-specific T cell transfer system that allowed direct visualization of hepatic TRM formation. Salmonella-specific (SM1) T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD4 T cells were activated in vitro and adoptively transferred into C57BL/6 mice while hepatic inflammation was induced by acetaminophen overdose or L. monocytogenes infection. In both model systems, hepatic CD4 TRM formation was accentuated by local tissue responses. Liver inflammation also enhanced the suboptimal protection provided by a subunit Salmonella vaccine which typically induces circulating memory CD4 T cells. To further elucidate the mechanism of CD4 TRM formation in response to liver inflammation, various cytokines were examined by RNAseq, bone marrow chimeras, and in vivo neutralization. Surprisingly, IL-2 and IL-1 were found to enhance CD4 TRM formation. Thus, local inflammatory mediators enhance CD4 TRM populations and can boost the protective immunity provided by a suboptimal vaccine. This knowledge will be foundational for the development of a more effective vaccine against invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis (iNTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Depew
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Jordan A. Rixon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Stephen J. McSorley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA95616
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