1
|
Feng Q, Guo Q, Yu W, Li P, Yao C, Wang L, Song G. PADI4 negatively regulates RIG-I-mediated antiviral response through deacetylation of IFN-β promoter via HDAC1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167092. [PMID: 38382623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The production of type I interferon (IFN) is precisely modulated by host to protect against viral infection efficiently without obvious immune disorders. Elucidating the tight control towards type I IFN production would be helpful to get insight into natural immunity and inflammatory diseases. As yet, however, the mechanisms that regulate IFN-β production, especially the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, remain poorly explored. This study elucidated the potential function of Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs)-mediated citrullination in innate immunity. We identified PADI4, a PADIs family member that can act as an epigenetic coactivator, could repress IFN-β production upon RNA virus infection. Detailed experiments showed that PADI4 deficiency increased IFN-β production and promoted antiviral immune activities against RNA viruses. Mechanistically, the increased PADI4 following viral infection translocated to nucleus and recruited HDAC1 upon binding to Ifnb1 promoter, which then led to the deacetylation of histone H3 and histone H4 for repressing Ifnb1 transcription. Taken together, we identify a novel non-classical role for PADI4 in the regulation of IFN-β production, suggesting its potential as treatment target in inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Feng
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Weijie Yu
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Chengfang Yao
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
López-Navarro B, Simón-Fuentes M, Ríos I, Schiaffino MT, Sanchez A, Torres-Torresano M, Nieto-Valle A, Castrejón I, Puig-Kröger A. Macrophage re-programming by JAK inhibitors relies on MAFB. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:152. [PMID: 38528207 PMCID: PMC10963568 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages play a key pathogenic role in inflammatory diseases. In the case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the presence of specific synovial tissue-infiltrating macrophage subsets is associated with either active disease or inflammation resolution. JAK inhibitors (JAKi) are the first targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARD) approved for treatment of RA with comparable efficacy to biologics. However, the effects of JAKi on macrophage specification and differentiation are currently unknown. We have analyzed the transcriptional and functional effects of JAKi on human peripheral blood monocyte subsets from RA patients and on the differentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages promoted by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a factor that drives the development and pathogenesis of RA. We now report that JAKi Upadacitinib restores the balance of peripheral blood monocyte subsets in RA patients and skewed macrophages towards the acquisition of an anti-inflammatory transcriptional and functional profile in a dose-dependent manner. Upadacitinib-treated macrophages showed a strong positive enrichment of the genes that define synovial macrophages associated to homeostasis/inflammation resolution. Specifically, Upadacitinib-treated macrophages exhibited significantly elevated expression of MAFB and MAFB-regulated genes, elevated inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, and higher phagocytic activity and showed an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile upon activation by pathogenic stimuli. These outcomes were also shared by macrophages exposed to other JAKi (baricitinib, tofacitinib), but not in the presence of the TYK2 inhibitor deucravacitinib. As a whole, our results indicate that JAKi promote macrophage re-programming towards the acquisition of a more anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution profile, an effect that correlates with the ability of JAKi to enhance MAFB expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar López-Navarro
- Unidad de Inmunometabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Israel Ríos
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Schiaffino
- Unidad de Inmunometabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Unidad de Inmunometabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Torresano
- Unidad de Inmunometabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Nieto-Valle
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Castrejón
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Puig-Kröger
- Unidad de Inmunometabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simón-Fuentes M, Ríos I, Herrero C, Lasala F, Labiod N, Luczkowiak J, Roy-Vallejo E, Fernández de Córdoba-Oñate S, Delgado-Wicke P, Bustos M, Fernández-Ruiz E, Colmenares M, Puig-Kröger A, Delgado R, Vega MA, Corbí ÁL, Domínguez-Soto Á. MAFB shapes human monocyte-derived macrophage response to SARS-CoV-2 and controls severe COVID-19 biomarker expression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172862. [PMID: 37917179 PMCID: PMC10807725 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages, the major source of pathogenic macrophages in COVID-19, are oppositely instructed by macrophage CSF (M-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), which promote the generation of antiinflammatory/immunosuppressive MAFB+ (M-MØ) or proinflammatory macrophages (GM-MØ), respectively. The transcriptional profile of prevailing macrophage subsets in severe COVID-19 led us to hypothesize that MAFB shapes the transcriptome of pulmonary macrophages driving severe COVID-19 pathogenesis. We have now assessed the role of MAFB in the response of monocyte-derived macrophages to SARS-CoV-2 through genetic and pharmacological approaches, and we demonstrate that MAFB regulated the expression of the genes that define pulmonary pathogenic macrophages in severe COVID-19. Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 potentiated the expression of MAFB and MAFB-regulated genes in M-MØ and GM-MØ, where MAFB upregulated the expression of profibrotic and neutrophil-attracting factors. Thus, MAFB determines the transcriptome and functions of the monocyte-derived macrophage subsets that underlie pulmonary pathogenesis in severe COVID-19 and controls the expression of potentially useful biomarkers for COVID-19 severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Simón-Fuentes
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Ríos
- Immunometabolism and Inflammation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrero
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Lasala
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Roy-Vallejo
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital La Princesa and Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Delgado-Wicke
- Molecular Biology Unit, University Hospital La Princesa and Research Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Bustos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital (HUVR), Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Ruiz
- Molecular Biology Unit, University Hospital La Princesa and Research Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Colmenares
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Puig-Kröger
- Immunometabolism and Inflammation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Vega
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L. Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goswami S, Raychaudhuri D, Singh P, Natarajan SM, Chen Y, Poon C, Hennessey M, Tannir AJ, Zhang J, Anandhan S, Kerrigan BP, Macaluso MD, He Z, Jindal S, Lang FF, Basu S, Sharma P. Myeloid-specific KDM6B inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma to PD1 blockade. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1455-1473. [PMID: 37653141 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are enriched in immune-suppressive myeloid cells and are refractory to immune checkpoint therapy (ICT). Targeting epigenetic pathways to reprogram the functional phenotype of immune-suppressive myeloid cells to overcome resistance to ICT remains unexplored. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses of human GBM tumors demonstrated high expression of an epigenetic enzyme-histone 3 lysine 27 demethylase (KDM6B)-in intratumoral immune-suppressive myeloid cell subsets. Importantly, myeloid cell-specific Kdm6b deletion enhanced proinflammatory pathways and improved survival in GBM tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistic studies showed that the absence of Kdm6b enhances antigen presentation, interferon response and phagocytosis in myeloid cells by inhibition of mediators of immune suppression including Mafb, Socs3 and Sirpa. Further, pharmacological inhibition of KDM6B mirrored the functional phenotype of Kdm6b-deleted myeloid cells and enhanced anti-PD1 efficacy. This study thus identified KDM6B as an epigenetic regulator of the functional phenotype of myeloid cell subsets and a potential therapeutic target for enhanced response to ICT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- James P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Deblina Raychaudhuri
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratishtha Singh
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seanu Meena Natarajan
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yulong Chen
- Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Candice Poon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mercedes Hennessey
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aminah J Tannir
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Swetha Anandhan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Marc D Macaluso
- Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhong He
- Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sreyashi Basu
- Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- James P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen R, Buchmann S, Kroth A, Arias-Loza AP, Kohlhaas M, Wagner N, Grüner G, Nickel A, Cirnu A, Williams T, Maack C, Ergün S, Frantz S, Gerull B. Mechanistic Insights of the LEMD2 p.L13R Mutation and Its Role in Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2023; 132:e43-e58. [PMID: 36656972 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear envelope proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of hereditary cardiomyopathies. Recently, a new form of arrhythmic cardiomyopathy caused by a homozygous mutation (p.L13R) in the inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD2 was discovered. The aim was to unravel the molecular mechanisms of mutant LEMD2 in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. METHODS We generated a Lemd2 p.L13R knock-in mouse model and a corresponding cell model via CRISPR/Cas9 technology and investigated the cardiac phenotype as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms of nuclear membrane rupture and repair. RESULTS Knock-in mice developed a cardiomyopathy with predominantly endocardial fibrosis, left ventricular dilatation, and systolic dysfunction. Electrocardiograms displayed pronounced ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disease. A key finding of knock-in cardiomyocytes on ultrastructural level was a significant increase in nuclear membrane invaginations and decreased nuclear circularity. Furthermore, increased DNA damage and premature senescence were detected as the underlying cause of fibrotic and inflammatory remodeling. As the p.L13R mutation is located in the Lap2/Emerin/Man1 (LEM)-domain, we observed a disrupted interaction between mutant LEMD2 and BAF (barrier-to-autointegration factor), which is required to initiate the nuclear envelope rupture repair process. To mimic increased mechanical stress with subsequent nuclear envelope ruptures, we investigated mutant HeLa-cells upon electrical stimulation and increased stiffness. Here, we demonstrated impaired nuclear envelope rupture repair capacity, subsequent cytoplasmic leakage of the DNA repair factor KU80 along with increased DNA damage, and recruitment of the cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) to the nuclear membrane and micronuclei. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that the Lemd2 p.L13R mutation in mice recapitulates human dilated cardiomyopathy with fibrosis and severe ventricular arrhythmias. Impaired nuclear envelope rupture repair capacity resulted in increased DNA damage and activation of the cGAS/STING/IFN pathway, promoting premature senescence. Hence, LEMD2 is a new player inthe disease group of laminopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Buchmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amos Kroth
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anahi-Paula Arias-Loza
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (A.-P.A.-L.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (M.K., A.N., C.M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Germany (N.W., S.E.)
| | - Gianna Grüner
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (M.K., A.N., C.M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Cirnu
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Williams
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (M.K., A.N., C.M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Germany (N.W., S.E.)
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (S.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (R.C., S.B., A.K., G.G., A.C., T.W., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (R.C., T.W., C.M., S.F., B.G.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hikichi H, Seto S, Wakabayashi K, Hijikata M, Keicho N. Transcription factor MAFB controls type I and II interferon response-mediated host immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:962306. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.962306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MAFB, v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B, has been identified as a candidate gene for early tuberculosis (TB) onset in Thai and Japanese populations. Here, we investigated the genome-wide transcriptional profiles of MAFB-knockdown (KD) macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to highlight the potential role of MAFB in host immunity against TB. Gene expression analysis revealed impaired type I and type II interferon (IFN) responses and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in MAFB-KD macrophages infected with Mtb. The expression of inflammatory chemokines, including IFN-γ-inducible genes, was confirmed to be significantly reduced by knockdown of MAFB during Mtb infection. A similar effect of MAFB knockdown on type I and type II IFN responses and oxidative phosphorylation was also observed when Mtb-infected macrophages were activated by IFN-γ. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MAFB is involved in the immune response and metabolism in Mtb-infected macrophages, providing new insight into MAFB as a candidate gene to guide further study to control TB.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang CL, Sun F, Wang FX, Rong SJ, Yue TT, Luo JH, Zhou Q, Wang CY, Liu SW. The interferon regulatory factors, a double-edged sword, in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Cell Immunol 2022; 379:104590. [PMID: 36030565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulted from the unrestrained inflammatory attack towards the insulin-producing islet β cells. Although the exact etiology underlying T1D remains elusive, viral infections, especially those specific strains of enterovirus, are acknowledged as a critical environmental cue involved in the early phase of disease initiation. Viral infections could either directly impede β cell function, or elicit pathological autoinflammatory reactions for β cell killing. Autoimmune responses are bolstered by a massive body of virus-derived exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the presence of β cell-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In particular, the nucleic acid components and the downstream nucleic acid sensing pathways serve as the major effector mechanism. The endogenous retroviral RNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and genomic fragments generated by stressed or dying β cells induce host responses reminiscent of viral infection, a phenomenon termed as viral mimicry during the early stage of T1D development. Given that the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are considered as hub transcription factors to modulate immune responses relevant to viral infection, we thus sought to summarize the critical role of IRFs in T1D pathogenesis. We discuss with focus for the impact of IRFs on the sensitivity of β cells to cytokine stimulation, the vulnerability of β cells to viral infection/mimicry, and the intensity of immune response. Together, targeting certain IRF members, alone or together with other therapeutics, could be a promising strategy against T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fa-Xi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Yue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hui Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shi-Wei Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Englmeier L, Subburayalu J. What's happening where when SARS-CoV-2 infects: are TLR7 and MAFB sufficient to explain patient vulnerability? Immun Ageing 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35065665 PMCID: PMC8783172 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The present COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that several characteristics render patients especially prone to developing severe COVID-19 disease, i.e., the male sex, obesity, and old age. An explanation for the observed pattern of vulnerability has been proposed which is based on the concept of low sensitivity of the TLR7-signaling pathway at the time of infection as a common denominator of vulnerable patient groups. We will discuss whether the concept of established TLR-tolerance in macrophages and dendritic cells of the obese and elderly prior to infection can explain not only the vulnerability of these two demographic groups towards development of a severe infection with SARS-CoV-2, but also the observed cytokine response in these vulnerable patients, which is skewed towards pro-inflammatory cytokines with a missing interferon signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Englmeier
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Patent Attorney Dr. Ludwig Englmeier, scrIPtum, Erlenaustrasse 11, 83080, Oberaudorf, Germany. .,Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Julien Subburayalu
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saiga H, Ueno M, Tanaka T, Kaisho T, Hoshino K. Transcription factor MafB-mediated inhibition of type I interferons in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Int Immunol 2021; 34:159-172. [PMID: 34734243 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β), immunomodulatory cytokines secreted from activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), contribute to the innate defense against pathogenic infections and the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease psoriasis vulgaris. A previous study has shown that an E26 transformation-specific (Ets) family transcription factor Spi-B can transactivate the type I IFN promoter in synergy with IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-7 and is required for type I IFN production in pDCs. However, the mechanism of negative regulation of type I IFNs by pDCs remains unknown. In this study, we report that a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MafB) suppresses the induction of type I IFNs in pDCs. The elevated expression of MafB inhibited the transactivation of type I IFN genes in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, MafB interacted with the Ets domain of Spi-B and interfered with IRF-7-Spi-B complexation. Decreased MafB mRNA expression and degradation of MafB protein in the early phase of immune responses led to the enhancement of type I IFNs in pDCs. In vivo studies indicated that MafB is involved in resistance against imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Overall, these findings demonstrate that MafB acts as a negative regulator of type I IFN induction in pDCs and plays an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Saiga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu J, Wang P, Li Z, Li Z, Han D, Wen M, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Ma Y, Liu W, Jiang M, Zhang X, Cao X. IRF3-binding lncRNA-ISIR strengthens interferon production in viral infection and autoinflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109926. [PMID: 34731629 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is an essential transductor for initiation of many immune responses. Here, we show that lncRNA-ISIR directly binds IRF3 to promote its phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation, along with enhanced target gene productions. In vivo lncRNA-ISIR deficiency results in reduced IFN production, uncontrolled viral replication, and increased mortality. The human homolog, AK131315, also binds IRF3 and promotes its activation. More important, AK131315 expression is positively correlated with type I interferon (IFN-I) level and severity in patients with lupus. Mechanistically, in resting cells, IRF3 is bound to suppressor protein Flightless-1 (Fli-1), which keeps its inactive state. Upon infection, IFN-I-induced lncRNA-ISIR binds IRF3 at DNA-binding domain in cytoplasm and removes Fli-1's association from IRF3, consequently facilitating IRF3 activation. Our results demonstrate that IFN-I-inducible lncRNA-ISIR feedback strengthens IRF3 activation by removing suppressive Fli-1 in immune responses, revealing a method of lncRNA-mediated modulation of transcription factor (TF) activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Xu
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zemeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingyue Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qihang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Minghong Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin G, Liu S, Yang L, Yu W, Zhang Y. Myeloid cells in COVID-19 microenvironment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:372. [PMID: 34707085 PMCID: PMC8549428 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Varying differentiation of myeloid cells is common in tumors, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. The release of cytokines from myeloid cells is an important driving factor that leads to severe COVID-19 cases and subsequent death. This review briefly summarizes the results of single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood, lung tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients and describes the differentiation trajectory of myeloid cells in patients. Moreover, we describe the function and mechanism of abnormal differentiation of myeloid cells to promote disease progression. Targeting myeloid cell-derived cytokines or checkpoints is essential in developing a combined therapeutic strategy for patients with severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin J, Wang H, Liu C, Cheng A, Deng Q, Zhu H, Chen J. Dendritic Cells: Versatile Players in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654540. [PMID: 34093544 PMCID: PMC8170486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate adaptive immunity through migrating and maturing in the kidney. In this procedure, they can adopt different phenotypes—rejection-associated DCs promote acute or chronic injury renal grafts while tolerogenic DCs suppress the overwhelmed inflammation preventing damage to renal functionality. All the subsets interact with effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) stimulated by the ischemia–reperfusion procedure, although the classification corresponding to different effects remains controversial. Thus, in this review, we discuss the origin, maturation, and pathological effects of DCs in the kidney. Then we summarize the roles of divergent DCs in renal transplantation: taking both positive and negative stages in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), switching phenotypes to induce acute or chronic rejection, and orchestrating surface markers for allograft tolerance via alterations in metabolism. In conclusion, we prospect that multidimensional transcriptomic analysis will revolute researches on renal transplantation by addressing the elusive mononuclear phagocyte classification and providing a holistic view of DC ontogeny and subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ao Cheng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingwei Deng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khan MAAK, Islam ABMMK. SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Exploit Host's Genetic and Epigenetic Mediators for the Annexation of Key Host Signaling Pathways. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:598583. [PMID: 33585554 PMCID: PMC7872968 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.598583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant rise of the death toll and cases of COVID-19 has made this pandemic a serious threat to human civilization. Understanding of host-SARS-CoV-2 interaction in viral pathogenesis is still in its infancy. In this study, we utilized a blend of computational and knowledgebase approaches to model the putative virus-host interplay in host signaling pathways by integrating the experimentally validated host interactome proteins and differentially expressed host genes in SARS-CoV-2 infection. While searching for the pathways in which viral proteins interact with host proteins, we discovered various antiviral immune response pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling, autophagy, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, fatty acid oxidation/degradation, and IL-17 signaling. All these pathways can be either hijacked or suppressed by the viral proteins, leading to improved viral survival and life cycle. Aberration in pathways such as HIF-1 signaling and relaxin signaling in the lungs suggests the pathogenic lung pathophysiology in COVID-19. From enrichment analysis, it was evident that the deregulated genes in SARS-CoV-2 infection might also be involved in heart development, kidney development, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Anomalies in these pathways might suggest the increased vulnerability of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. Moreover, we noticed several presumed infection-induced differentially expressed transcription factors and epigenetic factors, such as miRNAs and several histone modifiers, which can modulate different immune signaling pathways, helping both host and virus. Our modeling suggests that SARS-CoV-2 integrates its proteins in different immune signaling pathways and other cellular signaling pathways for developing efficient immune evasion mechanisms while leading the host to a more complicated disease condition. Our findings would help in designing more targeted therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
14
|
Vega MA, Simón-Fuentes M, González de la Aleja A, Nieto C, Colmenares M, Herrero C, Domínguez-Soto Á, Corbí ÁL. MAFB and MAF Transcription Factors as Macrophage Checkpoints for COVID-19 Severity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603507. [PMID: 33312178 PMCID: PMC7708330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective IFN production and exacerbated inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses are hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COVID-19. Based on these hallmarks, and considering the pivotal role of macrophages in COVID-19 pathogenesis, we hypothesize that the transcription factors MAFB and MAF critically contribute to COVID-19 progression by shaping the response of macrophages to SARS-CoV-2. Our proposal stems from the recent identification of pathogenic lung macrophage subsets in severe COVID-19, and takes into consideration the previously reported ability of MAFB to dampen IFN type I production, as well as the critical role of MAFB and MAF in the acquisition and maintenance of the transcriptional signature of M-CSF-conditioned human macrophages. Solid evidences are presented that link overexpression of MAFB and silencing of MAF expression with clinical and biological features of severe COVID-19. As a whole, we propose that a high MAFB/MAF expression ratio in lung macrophages could serve as an accurate diagnostic tool for COVID-19 progression. Indeed, reversing the macrophage MAFB/MAF expression ratio might impair the exacerbated inflammatory and profibrotic responses, and restore the defective IFN type I production, thus becoming a potential strategy to limit severity of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Vega
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel L. Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schwanke H, Stempel M, Brinkmann MM. Of Keeping and Tipping the Balance: Host Regulation and Viral Modulation of IRF3-Dependent IFNB1 Expression. Viruses 2020; 12:E733. [PMID: 32645843 PMCID: PMC7411613 DOI: 10.3390/v12070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) response is a principal component of our immune system that allows to counter a viral attack immediately upon viral entry into host cells. Upon engagement of aberrantly localised nucleic acids, germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors convey their find via a signalling cascade to prompt kinase-mediated activation of a specific set of five transcription factors. Within the nucleus, the coordinated interaction of these dimeric transcription factors with coactivators and the basal RNA transcription machinery is required to access the gene encoding the type I IFN IFNβ (IFNB1). Virus-induced release of IFNβ then induces the antiviral state of the system and mediates further mechanisms for defence. Due to its key role during the induction of the initial IFN response, the activity of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is tightly regulated by the host and fiercely targeted by viral proteins at all conceivable levels. In this review, we will revisit the steps enabling the trans-activating potential of IRF3 after its activation and the subsequent assembly of the multi-protein complex at the IFNβ enhancer that controls gene expression. Further, we will inspect the regulatory mechanisms of these steps imposed by the host cell and present the manifold strategies viruses have evolved to intervene with IFNβ transcription downstream of IRF3 activation in order to secure establishment of a productive infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hella Schwanke
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Stempel
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie M. Brinkmann
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kidney dendritic cells: fundamental biology and functional roles in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:391-407. [PMID: 32372062 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are chief inducers of adaptive immunity and regulate local inflammatory responses across the body. Together with macrophages, the other main type of mononuclear phagocyte, DCs constitute the most abundant component of the intrarenal immune system. This network of functionally specialized immune cells constantly surveys its microenvironment for signs of injury or infection, which trigger the initiation of an immune response. In the healthy kidney, DCs coordinate effective immune responses, for example, by recruiting neutrophils for bacterial clearance in pyelonephritis. The pro-inflammatory actions of DCs can, however, also contribute to tissue damage in various types of acute kidney injury and chronic glomerulonephritis, as DCs recruit and activate effector T cells, which release toxic mediators and maintain tubulointerstitial immune infiltrates. These actions are counterbalanced by DC subsets that promote the activation and maintenance of regulatory T cells to support resolution of the immune response and allow kidney repair. Several studies have investigated the multiple roles for DCs in kidney homeostasis and disease, but it has become clear that current tools and subset markers are not sufficient to accurately distinguish DCs from macrophages. Multidimensional transcriptomic analysis studies promise to improve mononuclear phagocyte classification and provide a clearer view of DC ontogeny and subsets.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu TM, Wang H, Zhang DN, Zhu GZ. Transcription Factor MafB Suppresses Type I Interferon Production by CD14 + Monocytes in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1814. [PMID: 31447817 PMCID: PMC6692491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor MafB regulates differentiation and activity of monocytes/macrophage and is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cancers. However, the role of MafB in modulation of CD14+ monocytes in chronic viral hepatitis was not fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of current study was to investigate the immunoregulatory function of MafB to type I interferon (IFN) secretion by CD14+ monocytes and its contribution to pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of 29 chronic hepatitis C patients and 21 healthy individuals were enrolled. Serum IFN-α1 and IFN-β was measured by ELISA, while MafB mRNA and protein expression were assessed by real-time PCR and Western blot. MafB siRNA or MafB expression plasmid was transfected into purified CD14+ monocytes to suppress or increase MafB expression. The function of MafB siRNA transfected CD14+ monocytes to HCV in cell culture (HCVcc)-infected Huh7.5 cells or CD4+ T cells was also investigated in direct and indirect contact co-culture system. Serum IFN-α1 and IFN-β was robustly reduced in chronic hepatitis C patients. By contrast, MafB was notably elevated in chronic hepatitis C patients and negatively correlated with serum IFN-α1. Overexpression of MafB reduced the IFN-α1 production by CD14+ monocytes from healthy individuals. However, MafB inhibition elevated IFN-α1 secretion by CD14+ monocytes and interferon regulatory factor 3 phosphorylation in chronic hepatitis C. MafB inhibition also promoted CD14+ monocytes-induced viral clearance in HCVcc-infected Huh7.5 cells by up-regulation of IFN-α1 and IFN-β without increasingly destroying hepatocytes, however, did not affect CD14+ monocytes-induced CD4+ T cells differentiation in chronic hepatitis C patients. The current data revealed that overexpression of MafB in chronic hepatitis C patients might suppress type I IFN production by CD14+ monocytes, leading to the viral persistence. MafB might be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Mei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong-Na Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guang-Ze Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh T, Colberg JK, Sarmiento L, Chaves P, Hansen L, Bsharat S, Cataldo LR, Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer M, Fex M, Bryder D, Holmberg D, Sitnicka E, Cilio C, Prasad RB, Artner I. Loss of MafA and MafB expression promotes islet inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9074. [PMID: 31235823 PMCID: PMC6591483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf transcription factors are critical regulators of beta-cell function. We have previously shown that reduced MafA expression in human and mouse islets is associated with a pro-inflammatory gene signature. Here, we investigate if the loss of Maf transcription factors induced autoimmune processes in the pancreas. Transcriptomics analysis showed expression of pro-inflammatory as well as immune cell marker genes. However, clusters of CD4+ T and B220+ B cells were associated primarily with adult MafA−/−MafB+/−, but not MafA−/− islets. MafA expression was detected in the thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow suggesting a novel role of MafA in regulating immune-cell function. Analysis of pancreatic lymph node cells showed activation of CD4+ T cells, but lack of CD8+ T cell activation which also coincided with an enrichment of naïve CD8+ T cells. Further analysis of T cell marker genes revealed a reduction of T cell receptor signaling gene expression in CD8, but not in CD4+ T cells, which was accompanied with a defect in early T cell receptor signaling in mutant CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that loss of MafA impairs both beta- and T cell function affecting the balance of peripheral immune responses against islet autoantigens, resulting in local inflammation in pancreatic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Jesper K Colberg
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Luis Sarmiento
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Patricia Chaves
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Hansen
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Luis R Cataldo
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Dan Holmberg
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Ewa Sitnicka
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Corrado Cilio
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden. .,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li L, Pan Z, Yang X. Identification of dynamic molecular networks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:969-982. [PMID: 31417297 PMCID: PMC6601337 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s207021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune destruction of islet β cells. Gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could offer new disease and treatment markers in T1DM. The objective of this study was to explore the coexpression and dynamic molecular networks in PBMCs of T1DM patients. METHODS Dataset GSE9006 contains PBMC samples of healthy volunteers, newly diagnosed T1DM patients, T1DM patients after insulin treatment, and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to generate coexpression networks in T1DM and T2DM. Functional pathways in highly correlated modules of T1DM were enriched by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We next filtered the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and revealed their dynamic expression profiles in T1DM with or without insulin treatment. Furthermore, dynamic clusters and dynamic protein-protein interaction networks were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was developed in dynamic clusters. RESULTS WGCNA disclosed 12 distinct gene modules, and distinguished between correlated networks in T1DM and T2DM. Two modules were closely associated with T1DM. GSEA showed that the immune response and response to cytokines were enriched in the T1DM highly correlated module. Next, we screened 44 DEGs in newly diagnosed T1DM compared with healthy donors, and 71 DEGs in 1-month and 97 DEGs in 4-month insulin treatment groups compared with newly diagnosed T1DM. Dynamic expression profiles of DEGs indicated the potential targets for T1DM treatment. Moreover, four molecular dynamic clusters were analyzed in newly diagnosed and insulin-treated T1DM. Functional annotation showed that these clusters were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway, nuclear factor-ϰB signaling pathway, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results indicate potential drug targets or clinical efficacy markers, as well as demonstrating the underlying molecular mechanisms of T1DM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lu Li Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +865 718 723 6675Fax +865 718 723 6675Email
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh T, Sarmiento L, Luan C, Prasad RB, Johansson J, Cataldo LR, Renström E, Soneji S, Cilio C, Artner I. MafA Expression Preserves Immune Homeostasis in Human and Mouse Islets. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120644. [PMID: 30567413 PMCID: PMC6315686 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes are triggered by a combination of environmental and/or genetic factors. Maf transcription factors regulate pancreatic beta (β)-cell function, and have also been implicated in the regulation of immunomodulatory cytokines like interferon-β (IFNβ1). In this study, we assessed MAFA and MAFB co-expression with pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling genes in RNA-seq data from human pancreatic islets. Interestingly, MAFA expression was strongly negatively correlated with cytokine-induced signaling (such as IFNAR1, DDX58) and T1D susceptibility genes (IFIH1), whereas correlation of these genes with MAFB was weaker. In order to evaluate if the loss of MafA altered the immune status of islets, MafA deficient mouse islets (MafA−/−) were assessed for inherent anti-viral response and susceptibility to enterovirus infection. MafA deficient mouse islets had elevated basal levels of Ifnβ1, Rig1 (DDX58 in humans), and Mda5 (IFIH1) which resulted in reduced virus propagation in response to coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Moreover, an acute knockdown of MafA in β-cell lines also enhanced Rig1 and Mda5 protein levels. Our results suggest that precise regulation of MAFA levels is critical for islet cell-specific cytokine production, which is a critical parameter for the inflammatory status of pancreatic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Corrado Cilio
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yeh H, Ikezu T. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2018; 25:96-111. [PMID: 30578089 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells that maintain brain homeostasis and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies of microglia at transcriptomic and epigenetic levels revealed specific molecular pathways that regulate microglia development, maturation, and reactive states. The transcription factor PU.1 plays a key role in regulating several microglial functions. Environmental factors such as microbiota, early life stress, and maternal immune activation can dysregulate PU.1 and innate immune response. This review discusses the epigenetic regulation of key transcriptional factors in human and murine microglia, highlighting their networks for shaping the microglial function. PU.1 and other microglia-specific transcriptional factors can be further studied to determine their therapeutic applications in neurologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Yeh
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kishimoto D, Kirino Y, Tamura M, Takeno M, Kunishita Y, Takase-Minegishi K, Nakano H, Kato I, Nagahama K, Yoshimi R, Igarashi K, Aoki I, Nakajima H. Dysregulated heme oxygenase-1 low M2-like macrophages augment lupus nephritis via Bach1 induced by type I interferons. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:64. [PMID: 29636091 PMCID: PMC5894134 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Innate immunity including macrophages (Mϕ) in lupus nephritis (LN) has been gaining attention, but roles of Mϕ in LN remain uncertain. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine CD68, CD163, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 (a stress-inducible heme-degrading enzyme with anti-inflammatory property), pSTAT1, and CMAF-expressing Mϕ in the glomeruli of patients with LN. Effects of type I interferons on the expression levels of CD163, HO-1, BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1; a transcriptional HO-1 repressor), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 by human M2-like Mϕ, which were differentiated in vitro from peripheral monocytes with macrophage colony-stimulating factor, were assessed by RT-PCR and immunocytostaining. Clinical manifestations, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), and local HO-1 expression were compared in Bach1-deficient and wild-type MRL/lpr mice. Results The number of glomerular M2-like Mϕ correlated with the amounts of proteinuria in patients with LN. Unlike monocyte-derived M2-like Mϕ, HO-1 expression was defective in the majority of glomerular M2-like Mϕ of patients with LN. Stimulation of human M2-like Mϕ with type I interferons led to reduced HO-1 expression and increased Bach1 and IL-6 expression. Bach1-deficient MRL/lpr mice exhibited increased HO-1 expression in kidneys, prolonged survival, reduced urine proteins, and serum blood urea nitrogen levels, but serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels were comparable. Increased expression of CD163 and HO-1 was found in peritoneal Mϕ from Bach1-deficient MRL/lpr mice. Conclusions Our data suggest that dysregulated M2-like Mϕ play a proinflammatory role in LN. Bach1 is a potential therapeutic target that could restore the anti-inflammatory property of M2 Mϕ. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1568-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiga Kishimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Maasa Tamura
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takeno
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kunishita
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takase-Minegishi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakano
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagahama
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Aoki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Henschel AM, Cabrera SM, Kaldunski ML, Jia S, Geoffrey R, Roethle MF, Lam V, Chen YG, Wang X, Salzman NH, Hessner MJ. Modulation of the diet and gastrointestinal microbiota normalizes systemic inflammation and β-cell chemokine expression associated with autoimmune diabetes susceptibility. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190351. [PMID: 29293587 PMCID: PMC5749787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental changes associated with modern lifestyles may underlie the rising incidence of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our previous studies of T1D families and the BioBreeding (BB) rat model have identified a peripheral inflammatory state that is associated with diabetes susceptibility, consistent with pattern recognition receptor ligation, but is independent of disease progression. Here, compared to control strains, islets of spontaneously diabetic BB DRlyp/lyp and diabetes inducible BB DR+/+ weanlings provided a standard cereal diet expressed a robust proinflammatory transcriptional program consistent with microbial antigen exposure that included numerous cytokines/chemokines. The dependence of this phenotype on diet and gastrointestinal microbiota was investigated by transitioning DR+/+ weanlings to a gluten-free hydrolyzed casein diet (HCD) or treating them with antibiotics to alter/reduce pattern recognition receptor ligand exposure. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that these treatments altered the ileal and cecal microbiota, increasing the Firmicutes:Bacteriodetes ratio and the relative abundances of lactobacilli and butyrate producing taxa. While these conditions did not normalize the inherent hyper-responsiveness of DR+/+ rat leukocytes to ex vivo TLR stimulation, they normalized plasma cytokine levels, plasma TLR4 activity levels, the proinflammatory islet transcriptome, and β-cell chemokine expression. In lymphopenic DRlyp/lyp rats, HCD reduced T1D incidence, and the introduction of gluten to this diet induced islet chemokine expression and abrogated protection from diabetes. Overall, these studies link BB rat islet-level immunocyte recruiting potential, as measured by β-cell chemokine expression, to a genetically controlled immune hyper-responsiveness and innate inflammatory state that can be modulated by diet and the intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Henschel
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susanne M. Cabrera
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Kaldunski
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shuang Jia
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Geoffrey
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark F. Roethle
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Vy Lam
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xujing Wang
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nita H. Salzman
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Hessner
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, and The Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell behavior during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:726. [PMID: 28959057 PMCID: PMC5620061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediating the expansion of vascular beds in many physiological and pathological settings, angiogenesis requires dynamic changes in endothelial cell behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms governing endothelial cell activity during different phases of vascular growth, remodeling, maturation, and quiescence remain elusive. Here, we characterize dynamic gene expression changes during postnatal development and identify critical angiogenic factors in mouse retinal endothelial cells. Using actively translating transcriptome analysis and in silico computational analyses, we determine candidate regulators controlling endothelial cell behavior at different developmental stages. We further show that one of the identified candidates, the transcription factor MafB, controls endothelial sprouting in vitro and in vivo, and perform an integrative analysis of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data to define putative direct MafB targets, which are activated or repressed by the transcriptional regulator. Together, our results identify novel cell-autonomous regulatory mechanisms controlling sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex process that requires coordinated changes in endothelial cell behavior. Here the authors use Ribo-tag and RNA-Seq to determine temporal profiles of transcriptional activity during postnatal retinal angiogenesis, identifying transcriptional regulators of the process.
Collapse
|
25
|
The transcription factor MafB promotes anti-inflammatory M2 polarization and cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7591. [PMID: 28790455 PMCID: PMC5548719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play pivotal roles in the progression and regression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that macrophage polarization into an anti-inflammatory M2 state is a key characteristic of atherosclerotic plaques undergoing regression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this potential association of the M2 polarization with atherosclerosis regression remain poorly understood. Further, human genetic factors that facilitate these anti-atherogenic processes remain largely unknown. We report that the transcription factor MafB plays pivotal roles in promoting macrophage M2 polarization. Further, MafB promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells by directly up-regulating its key cellular mediators. Notably, MafB expression is significantly up-regulated in response to various metabolic and immunological stimuli that promote macrophage M2 polarization or cholesterol efflux, and thereby MafB mediates their beneficial effects, in both liver x receptor (LXR)-dependent and independent manners. In contrast, MafB is strongly down-regulated upon elevated pro-inflammatory signaling or by pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic microRNAs, miR-155 and miR-33. Using an integrative systems biology approach, we also revealed that M2 polarization and cholesterol efflux do not necessarily represent inter-dependent events, but MafB is broadly involved in both the processes. These findings highlight physiological protective roles that MafB may play against atherosclerosis progression.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sunkavalli U, Aguilar C, Silva RJ, Sharan M, Cruz AR, Tawk C, Maudet C, Mano M, Eulalio A. Analysis of host microRNA function uncovers a role for miR-29b-2-5p in Shigella capture by filopodia. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006327. [PMID: 28394930 PMCID: PMC5398735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in the interplay between bacterial pathogens and host cells, participating as host defense mechanisms, as well as exploited by bacteria to subvert host cellular functions. Here, we show that microRNAs modulate infection by Shigella flexneri, a major causative agent of bacillary dysentery in humans. Specifically, we characterize the dual regulatory role of miR-29b-2-5p during infection, showing that this microRNA strongly favors Shigella infection by promoting both bacterial binding to host cells and intracellular replication. Using a combination of transcriptome analysis and targeted high-content RNAi screening, we identify UNC5C as a direct target of miR-29b-2-5p and show its pivotal role in the modulation of Shigella binding to host cells. MiR-29b-2-5p, through repression of UNC5C, strongly enhances filopodia formation thus increasing Shigella capture and promoting bacterial invasion. The increase of filopodia formation mediated by miR-29b-2-5p is dependent on RhoF and Cdc42 Rho-GTPases. Interestingly, the levels of miR-29b-2-5p, but not of other mature microRNAs from the same precursor, are decreased upon Shigella replication at late times post-infection, through degradation of the mature microRNA by the exonuclease PNPT1. While the relatively high basal levels of miR-29b-2-5p at the start of infection ensure efficient Shigella capture by host cell filopodia, dampening of miR-29b-2-5p levels later during infection may constitute a bacterial strategy to favor a balanced intracellular replication to avoid premature cell death and favor dissemination to neighboring cells, or alternatively, part of the host response to counteract Shigella infection. Overall, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated role of microRNAs, and in particular miR-29b-2-5p, in the interaction of Shigella with host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ushasree Sunkavalli
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Jorge Silva
- UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Malvika Sharan
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Rita Cruz
- UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Caroline Tawk
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claire Maudet
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- UC-BIOTECH, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia X, Yu H, Zhang H, Si Y, Tian D, Zhao X, Luan J, Jia H. Integrated analysis of different microarray studies to identify candidate genes in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes 2017; 9:149-157. [PMID: 26930153 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease, occurs most commonly in children. Identifying altered gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T1D may lead to new strategies for preserving or improving β-ell function in patients with T1D. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus database was searched for microarray studies in PBMCs of T1D. Subsequently, gene expression datasets from multiple microarray studies were integrated to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T1D and normal controls (NC). Gene function analysis was performed to determine the functions of the DEGs identified. RESULTS Four microarray studies were available for analysis, including 199 T1D samples and 74 NC samples. Analysis revealed 695 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in PBMCs from T1D compared with NC samples, with 450 upregulated and 245 downregulated. Signal transduction (gene ontology [GO]: 0007165; false discovery rate [FDR] = 1.54 × 10-7 ) and protein binding (GO: 0005515; FDR = 2.93 × 10-24 ) were significantly enriched for the GO categories of biological processes and molecular functions, respectively. The most significant pathway in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was arachidonic acid metabolism (FDR = 1.44 × 10-3 ). Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the significant hub proteins contained immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 (ICT1; degree = 214; clustering coefficient [C] = 4.39 × 10-5 ), zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16; degree = 112; C = 8.04 × 10-4 ), and SERTA domain containing 1 (SERTAD1; degree = 38; C = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS This integrated analysis will help develop improved therapies and interventions for T1D by identifying novel drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Yu
- Department of Medicine, The 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Dengmei Tian
- Department of Hematology, The 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Luan
- Department of Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Chinese Armed Police Force (CAPF), Beijing, China
| | - Hetang Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cuevas VD, Anta L, Samaniego R, Orta-Zavalza E, Vladimir de la Rosa J, Baujat G, Domínguez-Soto Á, Sánchez-Mateos P, Escribese MM, Castrillo A, Cormier-Daire V, Vega MA, Corbí ÁL. MAFB Determines Human Macrophage Anti-Inflammatory Polarization: Relevance for the Pathogenic Mechanisms Operating in Multicentric Carpotarsal Osteolysis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2070-2081. [PMID: 28093525 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage phenotypic and functional heterogeneity derives from tissue-specific transcriptional signatures shaped by the local microenvironment. Most studies addressing the molecular basis for macrophage heterogeneity have focused on murine cells, whereas the factors controlling the functional specialization of human macrophages are less known. M-CSF drives the generation of human monocyte-derived macrophages with a potent anti-inflammatory activity upon stimulation. We now report that knockdown of MAFB impairs the acquisition of the anti-inflammatory profile of human macrophages, identify the MAFB-dependent gene signature in human macrophages and illustrate the coexpression of MAFB and MAFB-target genes in CD163+ tissue-resident and tumor-associated macrophages. The contribution of MAFB to the homeostatic/anti-inflammatory macrophage profile is further supported by the skewed polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages from multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #166300), a pathology caused by mutations in the MAFB gene. Our results demonstrate that MAFB critically determines the acquisition of the anti-inflammatory transcriptional and functional profiles of human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor D Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Anta
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complejo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Oncología, Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Orta-Zavalza
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Vladimir de la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomedicas y Sanitarias de la ULPGC, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain.,Département de Génétique, INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Ángeles Domínguez-Soto
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Oncología, Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Escribese
- Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomedicas y Sanitarias de la ULPGC, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain.,Département de Génétique, INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Miguel A Vega
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The transcription cofactor CRTC1 protects from aberrant hepatic lipid accumulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37280. [PMID: 27869139 PMCID: PMC5116671 DOI: 10.1038/srep37280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly emerging global health-problem. NAFLD encompasses a range of conditions associated with hepatic steatosis, aberrant accumulation of fat in hepatocytes. Although obesity and metabolic syndrome are considered to have a strong association with NAFLD, genetic factors that predispose liver to NAFLD and molecular mechanisms by which excess hepatic lipid develops remain largely unknown. We report that the transcription cofactor CRTC1 confers broad spectrum protection against hepatic steatosis development. CRTC1 directly interferes with the expression of genes regulated by lipogenic transcription factors, most prominently liver x receptor α (LXRα). Accordingly, Crtc1 deficient mice develop spontaneous hepatic steatosis in young age. As a cyclic AMP effector, CRTC1 mediates anti-steatotic effects of calorie restriction (CR). Notably, CRTC1 also mediates anti-lipogenic effects of bile acid signaling, whereas it is negatively regulated by miR-34a, a pathogenic microRNA upregulated in a broad spectrum of NAFLD. These patterns of gene function and regulation of CRTC1 are distinct from other CR-responsive proteins, highlighting critical protective roles that CRTC1 selectively plays against NAFLD development, which in turn provides novel opportunities for selectively targeting beneficial therapeutic effects of CR.
Collapse
|
30
|
Miyai M, Hamada M, Moriguchi T, Hiruma J, Kamitani-Kawamoto A, Watanabe H, Hara-Chikuma M, Takahashi K, Takahashi S, Kataoka K. Transcription Factor MafB Coordinates Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1848-1857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Meng J, Liu X, Zhang P, Li D, Xu S, Zhou Q, Guo M, Huai W, Chen X, Wang Q, Li N, Cao X. Rb selectively inhibits innate IFN-β production by enhancing deacetylation of IFN-β promoter through HDAC1 and HDAC8. J Autoimmun 2016; 73:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
32
|
Novatt H, Theisen TC, Massie T, Massie T, Simonyan V, Voskanian-Kordi A, Renn LA, Rabin RL. Distinct Patterns of Expression of Transcription Factors in Response to Interferonβ and Interferonλ1. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:589-598. [PMID: 27447339 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After viral infection, type I and III interferons (IFNs) are coexpressed by respiratory epithelial cells (RECs) and activate the ISGF3 transcription factor (TF) complex to induce expression of a cell-specific set of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Type I and III IFNs share a canonical signaling pathway, suggesting that they are redundant. Animal and in vitro models, however, have shown that they are not redundant. Because TFs dictate cellular phenotype and function, we hypothesized that focusing on TF-ISG will reveal critical combinatorial and nonredundant functions of type I or III IFN. We treated BEAS-2B human RECs with increasing doses of IFNβ or IFNλ1 and measured expression of TF-ISG. ISGs were expressed in a dose-dependent manner with a nonlinear jump at intermediate doses. At subsaturating combinations of IFNβ and IFNλ1, many ISGs were expressed in a pattern that we modeled with a cubic equation that mathematically defines this threshold effect. Uniquely, IFNβ alone induced early and transient IRF1 transcript and protein expression, while IFNλ1 alone induced IRF1 protein expression at low levels that were sustained through 24 h. In combination, saturating doses of these 2 IFNs together enhanced and sustained IRF1 expression. We conclude that the cubic model quantitates combinatorial effects of IFNβ and IFNλ1 and that IRF1 may mediate nonredundancy of type I or III IFN in RECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Novatt
- 1 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Terence C Theisen
- 1 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Tammy Massie
- 1 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Tristan Massie
- 2 Drugs Evaluation and Research, USFDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Vahan Simonyan
- 1 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Alin Voskanian-Kordi
- 1 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lynnsey A Renn
- 1 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ronald L Rabin
- 1 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matcovitch-Natan O, Winter DR, Giladi A, Vargas Aguilar S, Spinrad A, Sarrazin S, Ben-Yehuda H, David E, Zelada González F, Perrin P, Keren-Shaul H, Gury M, Lara-Astaiso D, Thaiss CA, Cohen M, Bahar Halpern K, Baruch K, Deczkowska A, Lorenzo-Vivas E, Itzkovitz S, Elinav E, Sieweke MH, Schwartz M, Amit I. Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain homeostasis. Science 2016; 353:aad8670. [PMID: 27338705 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the central nervous system, play important roles in life-long brain maintenance and in pathology. Despite their importance, their regulatory dynamics during brain development have not been fully elucidated. Using genome-wide chromatin and expression profiling coupled with single-cell transcriptomic analysis throughout development, we found that microglia undergo three temporal stages of development in synchrony with the brain--early, pre-, and adult microglia--which are under distinct regulatory circuits. Knockout of the gene encoding the adult microglia transcription factor MAFB and environmental perturbations, such as those affecting the microbiome or prenatal immune activation, led to disruption of developmental genes and immune response pathways. Together, our work identifies a stepwise microglia developmental program integrating immune response pathways that may be associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orit Matcovitch-Natan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deborah R Winter
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stephanie Vargas Aguilar
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straß 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amit Spinrad
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sandrine Sarrazin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fabiola Zelada González
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Perrin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meital Gury
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Lara-Astaiso
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Kuti Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straß 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Álvarez-Buylla ER, Dávila-Velderrain J, Martínez-García JC. Systems Biology Approaches to Development beyond Bioinformatics: Nonlinear Mechanistic Models Using Plant Systems. Bioscience 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
35
|
Tripathi S, Garcia-Sastre A. Antiviral innate immunity through the lens of systems biology. Virus Res 2015; 218:10-7. [PMID: 26657882 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular innate immunity poses the first hurdle against invading viruses in their attempt to establish infection. This antiviral response is manifested with the detection of viral components by the host cell, followed by transduction of antiviral signals, transcription and translation of antiviral effectors and leads to the establishment of an antiviral state. These events occur in a rather branched and interconnected sequence than a linear path. Traditionally, these processes were studied in the context of a single virus and a host component. However, with the advent of rapid and affordable OMICS technologies it has become feasible to address such questions on a global scale. In the discipline of Systems Biology', extensive omics datasets are assimilated using computational tools and mathematical models to acquire deeper understanding of complex biological processes. In this review we have catalogued and discussed the application of Systems Biology approaches in dissecting the antiviral innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chiang M, Hallman S, Cinquin A, de Mochel NR, Paz A, Kawauchi S, Calof AL, Cho KW, Fowlkes CC, Cinquin O. Analysis of in vivo single cell behavior by high throughput, human-in-the-loop segmentation of three-dimensional images. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:397. [PMID: 26607933 PMCID: PMC4659165 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of single cells in their native environment is a powerful method to address key questions in developmental systems biology. Confocal microscopy imaging of intact tissues, followed by automatic image segmentation, provides a means to conduct cytometric studies while at the same time preserving crucial information about the spatial organization of the tissue and morphological features of the cells. This technique is rapidly evolving but is still not in widespread use among research groups that do not specialize in technique development, perhaps in part for lack of tools that automate repetitive tasks while allowing experts to make the best use of their time in injecting their domain-specific knowledge. RESULTS Here we focus on a well-established stem cell model system, the C. elegans gonad, as well as on two other model systems widely used to study cell fate specification and morphogenesis: the pre-implantation mouse embryo and the developing mouse olfactory epithelium. We report a pipeline that integrates machine-learning-based cell detection, fast human-in-the-loop curation of these detections, and running of active contours seeded from detections to segment cells. The procedure can be bootstrapped by a small number of manual detections, and outperforms alternative pieces of software we benchmarked on C. elegans gonad datasets. Using cell segmentations to quantify fluorescence contents, we report previously-uncharacterized cell behaviors in the model systems we used. We further show how cell morphological features can be used to identify cell cycle phase; this provides a basis for future tools that will streamline cell cycle experiments by minimizing the need for exogenous cell cycle phase labels. CONCLUSIONS High-throughput 3D segmentation makes it possible to extract rich information from images that are routinely acquired by biologists, and provides insights - in particular with respect to the cell cycle - that would be difficult to derive otherwise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chiang
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Sam Hallman
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Amanda Cinquin
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Nabora Reyes de Mochel
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Adrian Paz
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Anne L Calof
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Ken W Cho
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Charless C Fowlkes
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Olivier Cinquin
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8900. [PMID: 26592194 PMCID: PMC4673826 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance during viral or bacterial infections, transcriptional regulation of the interferon-β gene (Ifnb1) in activated macrophages is only partially understood. Here we report that TRIM33 deficiency results in high, sustained expression of Ifnb1 at late stages of toll-like receptor-mediated activation in macrophages but not in fibroblasts. In macrophages, TRIM33 is recruited by PU.1 to a conserved region, the Ifnb1 Control Element (ICE), located 15 kb upstream of the Ifnb1 transcription start site. ICE constitutively interacts with Ifnb1 through a TRIM33-independent chromatin loop. At late phases of lipopolysaccharide activation of macrophages, TRIM33 is bound to ICE, regulates Ifnb1 enhanceosome loading, controls Ifnb1 chromatin structure and represses Ifnb1 gene transcription by preventing recruitment of CBP/p300. These results characterize a previously unknown mechanism of macrophage-specific regulation of Ifnb1 transcription whereby TRIM33 is critical for Ifnb1 gene transcription shutdown. Transcriptional regulation of the interferon-β gene (Ifnb1) in macrophages is a critical immune event. Here, Ferri et al. show that, at late phases of macrophages activation, TRIM33 bound to a distal repressor element suppresses Ifnb1 transcription by preventing recruitment of CBP/p300.
Collapse
|
38
|
MafB antagonizes phenotypic alteration induced by GM-CSF in microglia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Zalenskaya IA, Joseph T, Bavarva J, Yousefieh N, Jackson SS, Fashemi T, Yamamoto HS, Settlage R, Fichorova RN, Doncel GF. Gene Expression Profiling of Human Vaginal Cells In Vitro Discriminates Compounds with Pro-Inflammatory and Mucosa-Altering Properties: Novel Biomarkers for Preclinical Testing of HIV Microbicide Candidates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128557. [PMID: 26052926 PMCID: PMC4459878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and immune activation of the cervicovaginal mucosa are considered factors that increase susceptibility to HIV infection. Therefore, it is essential to screen candidate anti-HIV microbicides for potential mucosal immunomodulatory/inflammatory effects prior to further clinical development. The goal of this study was to develop an in vitro method for preclinical evaluation of the inflammatory potential of new candidate microbicides using a microarray gene expression profiling strategy. METHODS To this end, we compared transcriptomes of human vaginal cells (Vk2/E6E7) treated with well-characterized pro-inflammatory (PIC) and non-inflammatory (NIC) compounds. PICs included compounds with different mechanisms of action. Gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2 arrays. Data processing was performed using GeneSpring 11.5 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). RESULTS Microarraray comparative analysis allowed us to generate a panel of 20 genes that were consistently deregulated by PICs compared to NICs, thus distinguishing between these two groups. Functional analysis mapped 14 of these genes to immune and inflammatory responses. This was confirmed by the fact that PICs induced NFkB pathway activation in Vk2 cells. By testing microbicide candidates previously characterized in clinical trials we demonstrated that the selected PIC-associated genes properly identified compounds with mucosa-altering effects. The discriminatory power of these genes was further demonstrated after culturing vaginal cells with vaginal bacteria. Prevotella bivia, prevalent bacteria in the disturbed microbiota of bacterial vaginosis, induced strong upregulation of seven selected PIC-associated genes, while a commensal Lactobacillus gasseri associated to vaginal health did not cause any changes. CONCLUSIONS In vitro evaluation of the immunoinflammatory potential of microbicides using the PIC-associated genes defined in this study could help in the initial screening of candidates prior to entering clinical trials. Additional characterization of these genes can provide further insight into the cervicovaginal immunoinflammatory and mucosal-altering processes that facilitate or limit HIV transmission with implications for the design of prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Zalenskaya
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Theresa Joseph
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jasmin Bavarva
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nazita Yousefieh
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Suzanne S Jackson
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Titilayo Fashemi
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hidemi S Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Settlage
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gustavo F Doncel
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Diagnostic value of blood gene expression signatures in active tuberculosis in Thais: a pilot study. Genes Immun 2015; 16:253-60. [PMID: 25764116 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. Routine laboratory tests or newly developed molecular detection are limited to the quality of sputum sample. Here we selected genes specific to TB by a minimum redundancy-maximum relevancy package using publicly available microarray data and determine level of selected genes in blood collected from a Thai TB cohort of 40 active TB patients, 38 healthy controls and 18 previous TB patients using quantitative real-time PCR. FCGR1A, FCGR1B variant 1, FCGR1B variant 2, APOL1, GBP5, PSTPIP2, STAT1, KCNJ15, MAFB and KAZN had significantly higher expression level in active TB individuals as compared with healthy controls and previous TB cases (P<0.01). A mathematical method was applied to calculate TB predictive score, which contains the level of expression of seven genes and this score can identify active TB cases with 82.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity as compared with conventional culture confirmation. In addition, TB predictive scores in active TB patients were reduced to normal after completion of standard short-course therapy, which was mostly in concordant with the disease outcome. These finding suggested that blood gene expression measurement and TB Sick Score could have potential value in terms of diagnosis of TB and anti-TB treatment monitoring.
Collapse
|
41
|
Merlo J. Invited commentary: multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity-a fundamental critique of the current probabilistic risk factor epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:208-12; discussion 213-4. [PMID: 24925064 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of the Journal, Dundas et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(2):197-207) apply a hitherto infrequent multilevel analytical approach: multiple membership multiple classification (MMMC) models. Specifically, by adopting a life-course approach, they use a multilevel regression with individuals cross-classified in different contexts (i.e., families, early schools, and neighborhoods) to investigate self-reported health and mental health in adulthood. They provide observational evidence suggesting the relevance of the early family environment for launching public health interventions in childhood in order to improve health in adulthood. In their analyses, the authors distinguish between specific contextual measures (i.e., the association between particular contextual characteristics and individual health) and general contextual measures (i.e., the share of the total interindividual heterogeneity in health that appears at each level). By doing so, they implicitly question the traditional probabilistic risk factor epidemiology including classical "neighborhood effects" studies. In fact, those studies use simple hierarchical structures and disregard the analysis of general contextual measures. The innovative MMMC approach properly responds to the call for a multilevel eco-epidemiology against a widespread probabilistic risk factors epidemiology. The risk factors epidemiology is not only reduced to individual-level analyses, but it also embraces many current "multilevel analyses" that are exclusively focused on analyzing contextual risk factors.
Collapse
|
42
|
Condic ML. Totipotency: what it is and what it is not. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:796-812. [PMID: 24368070 PMCID: PMC3991987 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is surprising confusion surrounding the concept of biological totipotency, both within the scientific community and in society at large. Increasingly, ethical objections to scientific research have both practical and political implications. Ethical controversy surrounding an area of research can have a chilling effect on investors and industry, which in turn slows the development of novel medical therapies. In this context, clarifying precisely what is meant by "totipotency" and how it is experimentally determined will both avoid unnecessary controversy and potentially reduce inappropriate barriers to research. Here, the concept of totipotency is discussed, and the confusions surrounding this term in the scientific and nonscientific literature are considered. A new term, "plenipotent," is proposed to resolve this confusion. The requirement for specific, oocyte-derived cytoplasm as a component of totipotency is outlined. Finally, the implications of twinning for our understanding of totipotency are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Condic
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rustagi A, Gale M. Innate antiviral immune signaling, viral evasion and modulation by HIV-1. J Mol Biol 2013; 426:1161-77. [PMID: 24326250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular innate antiviral response in human cells is an essential component of immunity against virus infection. As obligate intracellular parasites, all viruses must evade the actions of the host cell's innate immune response in order to replicate and persist. Innate immunity is induced when pathogen recognition receptors of the host cell sense viral products including nucleic acid as "non-self". This process induces downstream signaling through adaptor proteins to activate latent transcription factors that drive the expression of genes encoding antiviral and immune modulatory effector proteins that restrict virus replication and regulate adaptive immunity. The interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors that play major roles in innate immunity. In particular, IRF3 is activated in response to infection by a range of viruses including RNA viruses, DNA viruses and retroviruses. Among these viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a major global health problem mediating chronic infection in millions of people wherein recent studies show that viral persistence is linked with the ability of the virus to dysregulate and evade the innate immune response. In this review, we discuss viral pathogen sensing, innate immune signaling pathways and effectors that respond to viral infection, the role of IRF3 in these processes and how it is regulated by pathogenic viruses. We present a contemporary overview of the interplay between HIV-1 and innate immunity, with a focus on understanding how innate immune control impacts infection outcome and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Rustagi
- Departments of Immunology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-8059, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Departments of Immunology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-8059, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Perrotti E, Marsili G, Sgarbanti M, Remoli AL, Fragale A, Acchioni C, Orsatti R, Battistini A. IRF-7: an antiviral factor and beyond. Future Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review will summarize main characteristics and functions of IRF-7. IRF-7 and the highly homologous IRF-3 are two members of the IRF family of transcription factors that have emerged as crucial regulators of type I interferon (IFN) in response to pathogenic infections downstream pathogen recognition receptors. IRF-7 is also part of a positive-feedback regulatory loop essential for sustained IFN responses. Thus, tight regulation of its expression and activity is necessary to balance IFN-mediated beneficial effects and unwanted pathological consequences of IFN overproduction. Its role as an antiviral factor independent of IFN expression, and its involvement in other cellular functions beyond antiviral functions, including regulation of oncogenesis and metabolism, underscore its important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edvige Perrotti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marsili
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Sgarbanti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Remoli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Acchioni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Orsatti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Battistini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li R, Pan Y, Shi DD, Zhang Y, Zhang J. PIAS1 negatively modulates virus triggered type I IFN signaling by blocking the DNA binding activity of IRF3. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:546-54. [PMID: 24036127 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During viral infection, production of proinflammatory cytokines including type I interferons (IFNs) is under stringent control to avoid detrimental overreaction. The protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) family proteins have been recognized as anti-inflammatory molecules by restraining type I IFN induced amplifying signaling. Here we identified PIAS1 as an important negative regulator of virus-triggered type I IFN signaling. Overexpression of PIAS1 repressed virus-or RIG-I like receptor stimulated type I IFN transcription, whereas knockdown of PIAS1 expression augmented virus-induced production of type I IFNs. PIAS1 with a mutation in the SAP domain retained the inhibitory function in virus-induced IFN transcription, but abolished the inhibition in IFN-stimulated signaling. SUMO E3 ligase activity dead mutant PIAS1/C350S still had the comparable inhibitory function with WT PIAS1. Further study indicated that PIAS1 interacted with IRF3 and inhibited the DNA binding activity of IRF3. The C-terminal region of PIAS1 around a cluster of acidic amino acids is critical for the interaction with IRF3 and the inhibitory functions of PIAS1. Therefore, these results unveil PIAS1 functions both at the virus-induced early signaling stage and IFN stimulated amplifying stage with distinct mechanisms. PIAS1 is important in maintaining proper amounts of type I IFNs and restrains its magnitude when the antiviral response intensifies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Ministry of Health), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Johnsen IB, Bergstroem B, Stiberg KA, Thommesen L, Anthonsen MW. Inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) is a novel regulator of RIG-I mediated IFN-β production. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1804-12. [PMID: 23707530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral responses can be triggered by the cytoplasmic RNA helicase RIG-I that binds to viral RNA. RIG-I-mediated signaling stimulates the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB and their activation mechanisms have been intensively studied. Here we examined Sendai virus (SV)-mediated activation of the transcription factor CREB and the role of its feedback repressor ICER in production of endogenous antiviral proteins. We show that SV infection and the mitochondrial adapter protein MAVS promote CREB phosphorylation that is dependent upon p38 MAPK and MK2. ICER is induced by CREB and acts as a feedback repressor of CRE-dependent transcription. We found that SV infection stimulated induction of ICER mRNA and protein expression. Surprisingly, ectopic expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of ICER revealed that ICER is a positive regulator of the production of antiviral IFN-β and IP10 during SV infection. In contrast, ICER did not affect SV-elicited phosphorylation of IRF3, NF-κB or ATF2/c-Jun, transcription factors governing IFN-β and IP10 synthesis. However, expression of ICER increased total IRF3 protein levels during SV infection. These results point to a novel role of ICER in antiviral immune signaling acting to increase levels of antiviral effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Bjellmo Johnsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Orlova M, Cobat A, Huong NT, Ba NN, Van Thuc N, Spencer J, Nédélec Y, Barreiro L, Thai VH, Abel L, Alcaïs A, Schurr E. Gene set signature of reversal reaction type I in leprosy patients. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003624. [PMID: 23874223 PMCID: PMC3708838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy reversal reactions type 1 (T1R) are acute immune episodes that affect a subset of leprosy patients and remain a major cause of nerve damage. Little is known about the relative importance of innate versus environmental factors in the pathogenesis of T1R. In a retrospective design, we evaluated innate differences in response to Mycobacterium leprae between healthy individuals and former leprosy patients affected or free of T1R by analyzing the transcriptome response of whole blood to M. leprae sonicate. Validation of results was conducted in a subsequent prospective study. We observed the differential expression of 581 genes upon exposure of whole blood to M. leprae sonicate in the retrospective study. We defined a 44 T1R gene set signature of differentially regulated genes. The majority of the T1R set genes were represented by three functional groups: i) pro-inflammatory regulators; ii) arachidonic acid metabolism mediators; and iii) regulators of anti-inflammation. The validity of the T1R gene set signature was replicated in the prospective arm of the study. The T1R genetic signature encompasses genes encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of innate immunity. This suggests an innate defect in the regulation of the inflammatory response to M. leprae antigens. The identified T1R gene set represents a critical first step towards a genetic profile of leprosy patients who are at increased risk of T1R and concomitant nerve damage. Leprosy type 1 reversal reactions (T1R) are an important cause of nerve damage in leprosy patients and accurate prediction of patients at increased risk of T1R is a major challenge of current leprosy control. The incidence of T1R differs widely from 6% to 67% of leprosy patients in different leprosy endemic settings. Whether or not this reflects the impact of unknown environmental triggers or differences in the genetic background across ethnicities is not known. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis between leprosy patients affected and free of T1R in response to M. leprae antigens. As the discovery sample we enrolled cured leprosy patients who had been diagnosed with T1R at the time of leprosy diagnosis and leprosy patients who had never undergone T1R (retrospective arm). Whole genome transcriptome analysis after stimulation of blood with M. leprae antigen resulted in the definition of a T1R signature gene set. We validated the T1R gene set in RNA samples obtained from T1R-free patients at the time of leprosy diagnosis and followed for 3 years for development of T1R (prospective arm). These results confirm the role of innate factors in T1R and are a first step towards a predictive genetic T1R signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Orlova
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nguyen Ngoc Ba
- Hospital for Dermato-Venereology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - John Spencer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yohann Nédélec
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis Barreiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vu Hong Thai
- Hospital for Dermato-Venereology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- URC-CIC, Hopital Tarnier, Paris, France
| | - Erwin Schurr
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baril M, Es-Saad S, Chatel-Chaix L, Fink K, Pham T, Raymond VA, Audette K, Guenier AS, Duchaine J, Servant M, Bilodeau M, Cohen É, Grandvaux N, Lamarre D. Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals a new role of a WNT/CTNNB1 signaling pathway as negative regulator of virus-induced innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003416. [PMID: 23785285 PMCID: PMC3681753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new regulators of antiviral innate immunity, we completed the first genome-wide gene silencing screen assessing the transcriptional response at the interferon-β (IFNB1) promoter following Sendai virus (SeV) infection. We now report a novel link between WNT signaling pathway and the modulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR)-dependent innate immune responses. Here we show that secretion of WNT2B and WNT9B and stabilization of β-catenin (CTNNB1) upon virus infection negatively regulate expression of representative inducible genes IFNB1, IFIT1 and TNF in a CTNNB1-dependent effector mechanism. The antiviral response is drastically reduced by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors but restored in CTNNB1 knockdown cells. The findings confirm a novel regulation of antiviral innate immunity by a canonical-like WNT/CTNNB1 signaling pathway. The study identifies novel avenues for broad-spectrum antiviral targets and preventing immune-mediated diseases upon viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baril
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salwa Es-Saad
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karin Fink
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tram Pham
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie-Ann Raymond
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Audette
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Guenier
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Duchaine
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Servant
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Cohen
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Lamarre
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen YG, Mordes JP, Blankenhorn EP, Kashmiri H, Kaldunski ML, Jia S, Geoffrey R, Wang X, Hessner MJ. Temporal induction of immunoregulatory processes coincides with age-dependent resistance to viral-induced type 1 diabetes. Genes Immun 2013; 14:387-400. [PMID: 23739610 PMCID: PMC4027975 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dilute plasma cytokine milieu associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), while difficult to measure directly, is sufficient to drive transcription in a bioassay that uses healthy leukocytes as reporters. Previously, we reported disease-associated, partially IL-1 dependent, transcriptional signatures in both T1D patients and the BioBreeding (BB) rat model. Here, we examine temporal signatures in congenic BBDR.lyp/lyp rats that develop spontaneous T1D, and BBDR rats where T1D progresses only after immunological perturbation in young animals. After weaning, the BBDR temporal signature showed early coincident induction of transcription related to innate inflammation as well as IL-10- and TGF-β-mediated regulation. BBDR plasma cytokine levels mirrored the signatures showing early inflammation, followed by induction of a regulated state that correlated with failure of virus to induce T1D in older rats. In contrast, the BBDR.lyp/lyp temporal signature exhibited asynchronous dynamics, with delayed induction of inflammatory transcription and later, weaker induction of regulatory transcription, consistent with their deficiency in regulatory T cells. Through longitudinal analyses of plasma-induced signatures in BB rats and a human T1D progressor, we have identified changes in immunoregulatory processes that attenuate a preexisting innate inflammatory state in BBDR rats, suggesting a mechanism underlying the decline in T1D susceptibility with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y G Chen
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee Y, Song B, Park C, Kwon KS. TRIM11 negatively regulates IFNβ production and antiviral activity by targeting TBK1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63255. [PMID: 23675467 PMCID: PMC3652858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is a host defense mechanism against infection by viruses and bacteria. Type I interferons (IFNα/β) play a crucial role in innate immunity. If not tightly regulated under normal conditions and during immune responses, IFN production can become aberrant, leading to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we identified TRIM11 (tripartite motif containing 11) as a novel negative regulator of IFNβ production. Ectopic expression of TRIM11 decreased IFNβ promoter activity induced by poly (I:C) stimulation or overexpression of RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I) signaling cascade components RIG-IN (constitutively active form of RIG-I), MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), or TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase-1). Conversely, TRIM11 knockdown enhanced IFNβ promoter activity induced by these stimuli. Moreover, TRIM11 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation and dimerization of IRF3 and expression of IFNβ mRNA. By contrast, TRIM11 knockdown increased the IRF3 phosphorylation and IFNβ mRNA expression. We also found that TRIM11 and TBK1, a key kinase that phosphorylates IRF3 in the RIG-I pathway, interacted with each other through CC and CC2 domain, respectively. This interaction was enhanced in the presence of the TBK1 adaptor proteins, NAP1 (NF-κB activating kinase-associated protein-1), SINTBAD (similar to NAP1 TBK1 adaptor) or TANK (TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator). Consistent with its inhibitory role in RIG-I-mediated IFNβ signaling, TRIM11 overexpression enhanced viral infectivity, whereas TRIM11 knockdown produced the opposite effect. Collectively, our results suggest that TRIM11 inhibits RIG-I-mediated IFNβ production by targeting the TBK1 signaling complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younglang Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byeongwoon Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|