1
|
Takahashi K, Morita N, Tamano R, Gao P, Iida N, Andoh A, Imaeda H, Kurokawa K, Tsuboi M, Hayakawa Y, Fujishiro M, Shinkura R. Mouse IgA modulates human gut microbiota with inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:812-824. [PMID: 38874761 PMCID: PMC11339086 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance of commensal bacteria is called dysbiosis in intestinal microflora. Secreted IgA in the intestinal lumen plays an important role in the regulation of microbiota. Although dysbiosis of gut bacteria is reported in IBD patients, it remains unclear what makes dysbiosis of their microflora. The intervention method for remedy of dysbiosis in IBD patients is not well established. In this study, we focused on the quality of human endogenous IgA and investigated whether mouse monoclonal IgA which binds to selectively colitogenic bacteria can modulate human gut microbiota with IBD patients. METHODS IgA-bound and -unbound bacteria were sorted by MACS and cell sorter. Sorted bacteria were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate what kinds of bacteria endogenous IgA or mouse IgA recognized in human gut microbiota. To evaluate the effect of mouse IgA, gnotobiotic mice with IBD patient microbiota were orally administrated with mouse IgA and analyzed gut microbiota. RESULTS We show that human endogenous IgA has abnormal binding activity to gut bacteria in IBD patients. Mouse IgA can bind to human microbiota and bind to selectively colitogenic bacteria. The rW27, especially, has a growth inhibitory activity to human colitogenic bacteria. Furthermore, oral administration of mouse IgA reduced an inflammation biomarker, fecal lipocalin 2, in mice colonized with IBD patient-derived microbiota, and improved dysbiosis of IBD patient sample. CONCLUSION Oral treatment of mouse IgA can treat gut dysbiosis in IBD patients by modulating gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keishu Takahashi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control
| | - Ryutaro Tamano
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control
| | - Noriho Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Imaeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagahama City Hospital, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayo Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control.
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yau C, Danska JS. Cracking the type 1 diabetes code: Genes, microbes, immunity, and the early life environment. Immunol Rev 2024; 325:23-45. [PMID: 39166298 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulation, and environmental triggers, that culminate in the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the multiple factors underpinning T1D pathogenesis, to elucidate key mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Beginning with an exploration of genetic risk factors, we dissect the roles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and non-HLA gene variants associated with T1D susceptibility. Mechanistic insights gleaned from the NOD mouse model provide valuable parallels to the human disease, particularly immunological intricacies underlying β cell-directed autoimmunity. Immunological drivers of T1D pathogenesis are examined, highlighting the pivotal contributions of both effector and regulatory T cells and the multiple functions of B cells and autoantibodies in β-cell destruction. Furthermore, the impact of environmental risk factors, notably modulation of host immune development by the intestinal microbiome, is examined. Lastly, the review probes human longitudinal studies, unveiling the dynamic interplay between mucosal immunity, systemic antimicrobial antibody responses, and the trajectories of T1D development. Insights garnered from these interconnected factors pave the way for targeted interventions and the identification of biomarkers to enhance T1D management and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yau
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kinashi Y, Tanaka K, Kimura S, Hirota M, Komiyama S, Shindo T, Hashiguchi A, Takahashi D, Shibata S, Karaki SI, Ohno H, Hase K. Intestinal epithelium dysfunctions cause IgA deposition in the kidney glomeruli of intestine-specific Ap1m2-deficient mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105256. [PMID: 39059316 PMCID: PMC11338063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) serve as robust barriers against potentially hostile luminal antigens and commensal microbiota. Epithelial barrier dysfunction enhances intestinal permeability, leading to leaky gut syndrome (LGS) associated with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, a causal relationship between LGS and systemic disorders remains unclear. Ap1m2 encodes clathrin adaptor protein complex 1 subunit mu 2, which facilitates polarized protein trafficking toward the basolateral membrane and contributes to the establishment of epithelial barrier functions. METHODS We generated IEC-specific Ap1m2-deficient (Ap1m2ΔIEC) mice with low intestinal barrier integrity as an LSG model and examined the systemic impact. FINDINGS Ap1m2ΔIEC mice spontaneously developed IgA nephropathy (IgAN)-like features characterized by the deposition of IgA-IgG immune complexes and complement factors in the kidney glomeruli. Ap1m2 deficiency markedly enhanced aberrantly glycosylated IgA in the serum owing to downregulation and mis-sorting of polymeric immunoglobulin receptors in IECs. Furthermore, Ap1m2 deficiency caused intestinal dysbiosis by attenuating IL-22-STAT3 signaling. Intestinal dysbiosis contributed to the pathogenesis of IgAN because antibiotic treatment reduced aberrantly glycosylated IgA production and renal IgA deposition in Ap1m2ΔIEC mice. INTERPRETATION IEC barrier dysfunction and subsequent dysbiosis by AP-1B deficiency provoke IgA deposition in the mouse kidney. Our findings provide experimental evidence of a pathological link between LGS and IgAN. FUNDING AMED, AMED-CREST, JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, JST CREST, Fuji Foundation for Protein Research, and Keio University Program for the Advancement of Next Generation Research Projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kinashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masato Hirota
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiga Komiyama
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Depatment of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Karaki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Fermentation Sciences (IFeS), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asgari R, Bazzazan MA, Karimi Jirandehi A, Yousefzadeh S, Alaei M, Keshavarz Shahbaz S. Peyer's Patch: Possible target for modulating the Gut-Brain-Axis through microbiota. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104844. [PMID: 38901288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain form bidirectional nervous, immune, and endocrine communications known as the gut-brain axis. Several factors can affect this axis; among them, various studies have focused on the microbiota and imply that alterations in microbiota combinations can influence both the brain and GI. Also, many studies have shown that the immune system has a vital role in varying gut microbiota combinations. In the current paper, we will review the multidirectional effects of gut microbiota, immune system, and nervous system on each other. Specifically, this review mainly focuses on the impact of Peyer's patches as a critical component of the gut immune system on the gut-brain axis through affecting the gut's microbial composition. In this way, some factors were discussed as proposed elements of missing gaps in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asgari
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Bazzazan
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ashkan Karimi Jirandehi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Salar Yousefzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masood Alaei
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verma S, Dufort MJ, Olsen TM, Kimmel S, Labuda JC, Scharffenberger S, McGuire AT, Harrison OJ. Antigen-level resolution of commensal-specific B cell responses can be enabled by phage display screening coupled with B cell tetramers. Immunity 2024; 57:1428-1441.e8. [PMID: 38723638 PMCID: PMC11168869 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Induction of commensal-specific immunity contributes to tissue homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying induction of commensal-specific B cells remain poorly understood in part due to a lack of tools to identify these cells. Using phage display, we identified segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) antigens targeted by serum and intestinal antibodies and generated B cell tetramers to track SFB-specific B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. We revealed a compartmentalized response in SFB-specific B cell activation, with a gradient of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG1, and IgG2b isotype production along Peyer's patches contrasted by selective production of IgG2b within mesenteric lymph nodes. V(D)J sequencing and monoclonal antibody generation identified somatic hypermutation driven affinity maturation to SFB antigens under homeostatic conditions. Combining phage display and B cell tetramers will enable investigation of the ontogeny and function of commensal-specific B cell responses in tissue immunity, inflammation, and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheenam Verma
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Dufort
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tayla M Olsen
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samantha Kimmel
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jasmine C Labuda
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sam Scharffenberger
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang Y, Feng X, Lu Q, Cui C, Yu M, Wen Z, Luan Y, Dong L, Hu Z, Zhang R, Lu C, Liu J, Shinkura R, Hase K, Wang JY. MZB1-mediated IgA secretion suppresses the development and progression of colorectal cancer triggered by gut inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:450-460. [PMID: 38101774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the top causes of mortality globally. Gut inflammation is one crucial risk factor that augments CRC development since patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have an increased incidence of CRC. The role of immunoglobulin (Ig)A in maintaining gut homeostasis and preventing inflammation has been well established. Our earlier work demonstrated that the marginal zone and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) promotes gut IgA secretion and its absence results in pronounced dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis. In the present study, we explored the role of MZB1 in CRC development using the azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC model. We observed an increase in both the number and size of the tumor nodules in Mzb1-/- mice compared with Mzb1+/+ mice. The increase in CRC development and progression in Mzb1-/- mice was associated with reduced intestinal IgA levels, altered gut flora, and more severe gut and systemic inflammation. Oral administration of the monoclonal IgA, W27, alleviated both the gut inflammation and AOM/DSS-induced CRC. Notably, cohousing Mzb1+/+ and Mzb1-/- mice from the 10th day after birth led to similar CRC development. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of MZB1-mediated IgA secretion in suppressing the onset and progression of CRC triggered by gut inflammation. Moreover, our study highlights the profound impact of microbiota composition, modulated by gut IgA levels, on gut inflammation. Nonetheless, establishing a direct correlation between the severity of colitis and subsequent CRC development and the presence or absence of a particular microbiota is challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichao Wen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Luan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai 200052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Higashiyama M, Haniuda K, Nihei Y, Kazuno S, Kikkawa M, Miura Y, Suzuki Y, Kitamura D. Oral bacteria induce IgA autoantibodies against a mesangial protein in IgA nephropathy model mice. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402588. [PMID: 38331476 PMCID: PMC10853438 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is caused by deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangium. The mechanism of selective deposition and production of IgA is unclear; however, we recently identified the involvement of IgA autoantibodies. Here, we show that CBX3 is another self-antigen for IgA in gddY mice, a spontaneous IgAN model, and in IgAN patients. A recombinant antibody derived from gddY mice bound to CBX3 expressed on the mesangial cell surface in vitro and to glomeruli in vivo. An elemental diet and antibiotic treatment decreased the levels of autoantibodies and IgAN symptoms in gddY mice. Serum IgA and the recombinant antibody from gddY mice also bound to oral bacteria of the mice and binding was competed with CBX3. One species of oral bacteria was markedly decreased in elemental diet-fed gddY mice and induced anti-CBX3 antibody in normal mice upon immunization. These data suggest that particular oral bacteria generate immune responses to produce IgA that cross-reacts with mesangial cells to initiate IgAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Higashiyama
- https://ror.org/05sj3n476 Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kei Haniuda
- https://ror.org/05sj3n476 Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nihei
- https://ror.org/05sj3n476 Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saiko Kazuno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kikkawa
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- https://ror.org/05sj3n476 Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sinha D, Yaugel-Novoa M, Waeckel L, Paul S, Longet S. Unmasking the potential of secretory IgA and its pivotal role in protection from respiratory viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105823. [PMID: 38331200 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity has regained its spotlight amidst the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, with numerous studies highlighting the crucial role of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) in protection against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 infections. The observed limitations in the efficacy of currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines in inducing effective mucosal immune responses remind us of the limitations of systemic vaccination in promoting protective mucosal immunity. This resurgence of interest has motivated the development of vaccine platforms capable of enhancing mucosal responses, specifically the SIgA response, and the development of IgA-based therapeutics. Recognizing viral respiratory infections as a global threat, we would like to comprehensively review the existing knowledge on mucosal immunity, with a particular emphasis on SIgA, in the context of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections. This review aims to describe the structural and functional specificities of SIgA, along with its nuanced role in combating influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Subsequent sections further elaborate promising vaccine strategies, including mucosal vaccines against Influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses, currently undergoing preclinical and clinical development. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with mucosal vaccine development, concluding with a discussion on IgA-based therapeutics as a promising platform for the treatment of viral respiratory infections. This comprehensive review not only synthesizes current insights into mucosal immunity but also identifies critical knowledge gaps, strengthening the way for further advancements in our current understanding and approaches to combat respiratory viral threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sinha
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grassi F, Marino R. The P2X7 receptor in mucosal adaptive immunity. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:9-19. [PMID: 37067746 PMCID: PMC10828151 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a widely distributed cation channel activated by extracellular ATP (eATP) with exclusive peculiarities with respect to other P2XRs. In recent years, P2X7R has been shown to regulate the adaptive immune response by conditioning T cell signaling and activation as well as polarization, lineage stability, cell death, and function in tissues. Here we revise experimental observations in this field, with a focus on adaptive immunity at mucosal sites, particularly in the gut, where eATP is hypothesized to act in the reciprocal conditioning of the host immune system and commensal microbiota to promote mutualism. The importance of P2X7R activity in the intestine is consistent with the transcriptional upregulation of P2xr7 gene by retinoic acid, a metabolite playing a key role in mucosal immunity. We emphasize the function of the eATP/P2X7R axis in controlling T follicular helper (Tfh) cell in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and, consequently, T-dependent secretory IgA (SIgA), with a focus on high-affinity SIgA-mediated protection from enteropathogens and shaping of a beneficial microbiota for the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Marino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou JZ, Huang B, Pei B, Sun GW, Pawlitz MD, Zhang W, Li X, Hokynar KC, Yao F, Perera MLW, Wei S, Zheng S, Polin LA, Poulik JM, Ranki A, Krohn K, Cunningham-Rundles C, Yang N, Bhagwat AS, Yu K, Peterson P, Kisand K, Vuong BQ, Cerutti A, Chen K. A Germinal Center Checkpoint of AIRE in B Cells Limits Antibody Diversification. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.574926. [PMID: 38260362 PMCID: PMC10802573 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In response to antigens, B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switching mediated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in germinal centers (GCs) of secondary lymphoid organs, but uncontrolled AID activity can precipitate autoimmunity and cancer. The regulation of GC antibody diversification is of fundamental importance but not well understood. We found that autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the molecule essential for T cell tolerance, is expressed in GC B cells in a CD40-dependent manner, interacts with AID and negatively regulates antibody affinity maturation and class switching by inhibiting AID function. AIRE deficiency in B cells caused altered antibody repertoire, increased somatic hypermutations, elevated autoantibodies to T helper 17 effector cytokines and defective control of skin Candida albicans. These results define a GC B cell checkpoint of humoral immunity and illuminate new approaches of generating high-affinity neutralizing antibodies for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Z Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bihui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bo Pei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Guang Wen Sun
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 738984, Singapore
| | - Michael D Pawlitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Kati C Hokynar
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Fayi Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Shanqiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Simin Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Janet M Poulik
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Kai Krohn
- Helsinki University Hospital Research Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | | | - Naibo Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
- Complete Genomics Inc., Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Ashok S Bhagwat
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kefei Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shinkura R. Development of Orally Ingestible IgA Antibody Drugs to Maintain Symbiosis Between Humans and Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:165-176. [PMID: 38467979 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, dysbiosis, abnormalities in the gut microbiota, has been reported to be associated with the development of many diseases, and improving the gut microbiota is important for health maintenance. It has been shown that the host recognizes and regulates intestinal bacteria by means of IgA antibodies secreted into the gut, but the precise nature of the commensal gut bacteria recognized by each IgA antibody is unclear. We have cloned monoclonal IgA antibodies from mouse intestinal IgA-producing cells and are searching for bacterial molecules recognized by each IgA clone. Although the interaction of IgA antibodies with intestinal bacteria is still largely unknown and requires further basic research, we discuss the potential use of orally ingestible IgA antibodies as agents to improve intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Viney M, Cheynel L. Gut immune responses and evolution of the gut microbiome-a hypothesis. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad025. [PMID: 38567055 PMCID: PMC10917216 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is an assemblage of microbes that have profound effects on their hosts. The composition of the microbiome is affected by bottom-up, among-taxa interactions and by top-down, host effects, which includes the host immune response. While the high-level composition of the microbiome is generally stable over time, component strains and genotypes will constantly be evolving, with both bottom-up and top-down effects acting as selection pressures, driving microbial evolution. Secretory IgA is a major feature of the gut's adaptive immune response, and a substantial proportion of gut bacteria are coated with IgA, though the effect of this on bacteria is unclear. Here we hypothesize that IgA binding to gut bacteria is a selection pressure that will drive the evolution of IgA-bound bacteria, so that they will have a different evolutionary trajectory than those bacteria not bound by IgA. We know very little about the microbiome of wild animals and even less about their gut immune responses, but it must be a priority to investigate this hypothesis to understand if and how host immune responses contribute to microbiome evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Viney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology & Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Cheynel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahdally SM, Izquierdo M, Viscardi RM, Magder LS, Crowley HM, Bafford AC, Drachenberg CB, Farfan MJ, Fasano A, Sztein MB, Salerno-Goncalves R. Secretory-IgA binding to intestinal microbiota attenuates inflammatory reactions as the intestinal barrier of preterm infants matures. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:339-356. [PMID: 37070830 PMCID: PMC10570995 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that Secretory-IgA (SIgA) binding to the intestinal microbiota is variable and may regulate host inflammatory bowel responses. Nevertheless, the impact of the SIgA functional binding to the microbiota remains largely unknown in preterm infants whose immature epithelial barriers make them particularly susceptible to inflammation. Here, we investigated SIgA binding to intestinal microbiota isolated from stools of preterm infants <33 weeks gestation with various levels of intestinal permeability. We found that SIgA binding to intestinal microbiota attenuates inflammatory reactions in preterm infants. We also observed a significant correlation between SIgA affinity to the microbiota and the infant's intestinal barrier maturation. Still, SIgA affinity was not associated with developing host defenses, such as the production of mucus and inflammatory calprotectin protein, but it depended on the microbiota shifts as the intestinal barrier matures. In conclusion, we reported an association between the SIgA functional binding to the microbiota and the maturity of the preterm infant's intestinal barrier, indicating that the pattern of SIgA coating is altered as the intestinal barrier matures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Mahdally
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rose M Viscardi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helena M Crowley
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Bafford
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cinthia B Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rosangela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Raso F, Liu S, Simpson MJ, Barton GM, Mayer CT, Acharya M, Muppidi JR, Marshak-Rothstein A, Reboldi A. Antigen receptor signaling and cell death resistance controls intestinal humoral response zonation. Immunity 2023; 56:2373-2387.e8. [PMID: 37714151 PMCID: PMC10591993 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) maintains commensal communities in the intestine while preventing dysbiosis. IgA generated against intestinal microbes assures the simultaneous binding to multiple, diverse commensal-derived antigens. However, the exact mechanisms by which B cells mount broadly reactive IgA to the gut microbiome remains elusive. Here, we have shown that IgA B cell receptor (BCR) is required for B cell fitness during the germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer's patches (PPs) and for generation of gut-homing plasma cells (PCs). We demonstrate that IgA BCR drove heightened intracellular signaling in mouse and human B cells, and as a consequence, IgA+ B cells received stronger positive selection cues. Mechanistically, IgA BCR signaling offset Fas-mediated death, possibly rescuing low-affinity B cells to promote a broad humoral response to commensals. Our findings reveal an additional mechanism linking BCR signaling, B cell fate, and antibody production location, which have implications for how intestinal antigen recognition shapes humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Raso
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shuozhi Liu
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mikala J Simpson
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jagan R Muppidi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kotsiliti E, Leone V, Schuehle S, Govaere O, Li H, Wolf MJ, Horvatic H, Bierwirth S, Hundertmark J, Inverso D, Zizmare L, Sarusi-Portuguez A, Gupta R, O'Connor T, Giannou AD, Shiri AM, Schlesinger Y, Beccaria MG, Rennert C, Pfister D, Öllinger R, Gadjalova I, Ramadori P, Rahbari M, Rahbari N, Healy ME, Fernández-Vaquero M, Yahoo N, Janzen J, Singh I, Fan C, Liu X, Rau M, Feuchtenberger M, Schwaneck E, Wallace SJ, Cockell S, Wilson-Kanamori J, Ramachandran P, Kho C, Kendall TJ, Leblond AL, Keppler SJ, Bielecki P, Steiger K, Hofmann M, Rippe K, Zitzelsberger H, Weber A, Malek N, Luedde T, Vucur M, Augustin HG, Flavell R, Parnas O, Rad R, Pabst O, Henderson NC, Huber S, Macpherson A, Knolle P, Claassen M, Geier A, Trautwein C, Unger K, Elinav E, Waisman A, Abdullah Z, Haller D, Tacke F, Anstee QM, Heikenwalder M. Intestinal B cells license metabolic T-cell activation in NASH microbiota/antigen-independently and contribute to fibrosis by IgA-FcR signalling. J Hepatol 2023; 79:296-313. [PMID: 37224925 PMCID: PMC10360918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is aggravated by auto-aggressive T cells. The gut-liver axis contributes to NASH, but the mechanisms involved and the consequences for NASH-induced fibrosis and liver cancer remain unknown. We investigated the role of gastrointestinal B cells in the development of NASH, fibrosis and NASH-induced HCC. METHODS C57BL/6J wild-type (WT), B cell-deficient and different immunoglobulin-deficient or transgenic mice were fed distinct NASH-inducing diets or standard chow for 6 or 12 months, whereafter NASH, fibrosis, and NASH-induced HCC were assessed and analysed. Specific pathogen-free/germ-free WT and μMT mice (containing B cells only in the gastrointestinal tract) were fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet, and treated with an anti-CD20 antibody, whereafter NASH and fibrosis were assessed. Tissue biopsy samples from patients with simple steatosis, NASH and cirrhosis were analysed to correlate the secretion of immunoglobulins to clinicopathological features. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis were performed in liver and gastrointestinal tissue to characterise immune cells in mice and humans. RESULTS Activated intestinal B cells were increased in mouse and human NASH samples and licensed metabolic T-cell activation to induce NASH independently of antigen specificity and gut microbiota. Genetic or therapeutic depletion of systemic or gastrointestinal B cells prevented or reverted NASH and liver fibrosis. IgA secretion was necessary for fibrosis induction by activating CD11b+CCR2+F4/80+CD11c-FCGR1+ hepatic myeloid cells through an IgA-FcR signalling axis. Similarly, patients with NASH had increased numbers of activated intestinal B cells; additionally, we observed a positive correlation between IgA levels and activated FcRg+ hepatic myeloid cells, as well the extent of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal B cells and the IgA-FcR signalling axis represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NASH. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS There is currently no effective treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with a substantial healthcare burden and is a growing risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have previously shown that NASH is an auto-aggressive condition aggravated, amongst others, by T cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that B cells might have a role in disease induction and progression. Our present work highlights that B cells have a dual role in NASH pathogenesis, being implicated in the activation of auto-aggressive T cells and the development of fibrosis via activation of monocyte-derived macrophages by secreted immunoglobulins (e.g., IgA). Furthermore, we show that the absence of B cells prevented HCC development. B cell-intrinsic signalling pathways, secreted immunoglobulins, and interactions of B cells with other immune cells are potential targets for combinatorial NASH therapies against inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kotsiliti
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Leone
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Translational Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Schuehle
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Hai Li
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), University Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika J Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena Horvatic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Bierwirth
- Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jana Hundertmark
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (WSIC), Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Avital Sarusi-Portuguez
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Revant Gupta
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tracy O'Connor
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; North Park University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmad Mustafa Shiri
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yehuda Schlesinger
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Garcia Beccaria
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rennert
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pfister
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Iana Gadjalova
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuh Rahbari
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc E Healy
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mirian Fernández-Vaquero
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Neda Yahoo
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Janzen
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Indrabahadur Singh
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Emmy Noether Research Group Epigenetic Machineries and Cancer, Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chaofan Fan
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Rau
- Division of Hepatology, University-Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Feuchtenberger
- Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Kreiskliniken Altötting-Burghausen, Burghausen, Germany
| | - Eva Schwaneck
- Rheumatology, Medical Clinic II, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Wallace
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Cockell
- School of Biomedical, Nutrition and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Wilson-Kanamori
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Celia Kho
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne-Laure Leblond
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selina J Keppler
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Piotr Bielecki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Comparative Experimental Pathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nisar Malek
- Department Internal Medicine I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Oren Parnas
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), University Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department Internal Medicine I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, University-Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (WSIC), Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Cancer-Microbiome Research Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Monzó C, Gkioni L, Beyer A, Valenzano DR, Grönke S, Partridge L. Dietary restriction mitigates the age-associated decline in mouse B cell receptor repertoire diversity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112722. [PMID: 37384530 PMCID: PMC10391628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging impairs the capacity to respond to novel antigens, reducing immune protection against pathogens and vaccine efficacy. Dietary restriction (DR) extends life- and health span in diverse animals. However, little is known about the capacity of DR to combat the decline in immune function. Here, we study the changes in B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire during aging in DR and control mice. By sequencing the variable region of the BCR heavy chain in the spleen, we show that DR preserves diversity and attenuates the increase in clonal expansions throughout aging. Remarkably, mice starting DR in mid-life have repertoire diversity and clonal expansion rates indistinguishable from chronic DR mice. In contrast, in the intestine, these traits are unaffected by either age or DR. Reduced within-individual B cell repertoire diversity and increased clonal expansions are correlated with higher morbidity, suggesting a potential contribution of B cell repertoire dynamics to health during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Monzó
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Age-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisonia Gkioni
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Age-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dario Riccardo Valenzano
- Microbiome-Host Interactions in Ageing Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany; Evolutionary Biology/Microbiome-Host Interactions in Aging Group: Fritz Lipmann Institute - Leibniz Institute on Aging, 07745 Jena, Thuringia, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany; Genetics, Evolution & Environment Group, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Botía-Sánchez M, Galicia G, Albaladejo-Marico L, Toro-Domínguez D, Morell M, Marcos-Fernández R, Margolles A, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction in lupus triggers a differential humoral response against gut commensals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200769. [PMID: 37346043 PMCID: PMC10280985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement including intestinal inflammation. Lupus-associated intestinal inflammation may alter the mucosal barrier where millions of commensals have a dynamic and selective interaction with the host immune system. Here, we investigated the consequences of the intestinal inflammation in a TLR7-mediated lupus model. Methods IgA humoral and cellular response in the gut was measured. The barrier function of the gut epithelial layer was characterised. Also, microbiota composition in the fecal matter was analysed as well as the systemic humoral response to differential commensals. Results The lupus-associated intestinal inflammation modifies the IgA+ B cell response in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue in association with dysbiosis. Intestinal inflammation alters the tight junction protein distribution in the epithelial barrier, which correlated with increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and changes in the microbiota composition. This permeability resulted in a differential humoral response against intestinal commensals. Discussion Lupus development can cause alterations in microbiota composition, allowing specific species to colonize only the lupus gut. Eventually, these alterations and the changes in gut permeability induced by intestinal inflammation could lead to bacterial translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Botía-Sánchez
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Georgina Galicia
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Morell
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Marcos-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Doron I, Kusakabe T, Iliev ID. Immunoglobulins at the interface of the gut mycobiota and anti-fungal immunity. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101757. [PMID: 37003056 PMCID: PMC10192079 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and complex community of microbes that colonizes the intestines is composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. At the mucosal surfaces, immunoglobulins play a key role in protection against bacterial and fungal pathogens, and their toxins. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the most abundantly produced antibody at the mucosal surfaces, while Immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes play a critical role in systemic protection. IgA and IgG antibodies with reactivity to commensal fungi play an important role in shaping the mycobiota and host antifungal immunity. In this article, we review the latest evidence that establishes a connection between commensal fungi and B cell-mediated antifungal immunity as an additional layer of protection against fungal infections and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itai Doron
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nihei Y, Haniuda K, Higashiyama M, Asami S, Iwasaki H, Fukao Y, Nakayama M, Suzuki H, Kikkawa M, Kazuno S, Miura Y, Suzuki Y, Kitamura D. Identification of IgA autoantibodies targeting mesangial cells redefines the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd6734. [PMID: 36947618 PMCID: PMC10032602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis, often progressing to renal failure. IgAN is triggered by IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium by an undefined mechanism. Here, we show that grouped ddY (gddY) mice, a spontaneous IgAN model, produce serum IgA against mesangial antigens, including βII-spectrin. Most patients with IgAN also have serum anti-βII-spectrin IgA. As in patients with IgAN, IgA+ plasmablasts accumulate in the kidneys of gddY mice. IgA antibodies cloned from the plasmablasts carry substantial V-region mutations and bind to βII-spectrin and the surface of mesangial cells. These IgAs recognize transfected and endogenous βII-spectrin exposed on the surface of embryonic kidney-derived cells. Last, we demonstrate that the cloned IgA can bind selectively to glomerular mesangial regions in situ. The identification of IgA autoantibody and its antigen in IgAN provides key insights into disease onset and redefines IgAN as a tissue-specific autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Nihei
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kei Haniuda
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 278-0022, Japan
| | - Mizuki Higashiyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 278-0022, Japan
| | - Shohei Asami
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 278-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukao
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mika Kikkawa
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Saiko Kazuno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 278-0022, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sollid LM, Iversen R. Tango of B cells with T cells in the making of secretory antibodies to gut bacteria. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:120-128. [PMID: 36056203 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric IgA and IgM are transported across the epithelial barrier from plasma cells in the lamina propria to exert a function in the gut lumen as secretory antibodies. Many secretory antibodies are reactive with the gut bacteria, and mounting evidence suggests that these antibodies are important for the host to control gut bacterial communities. However, we have incomplete knowledge of how bacteria-reactive secretory antibodies are formed. Antibodies from gut plasma cells often show bacterial cross-species reactivity, putting the degree of specificity behind anti-bacterial antibody responses into question. Such cross-species reactive antibodies frequently recognize non-genome-encoded membrane glycan structures. On the other hand, the T cell epitopes are peptides encoded in the bacterial genomes, thereby allowing a higher degree of predictable specificity on the T cell side of anti-bacterial immune responses. In this Perspective, we argue that the production of bacteria-reactive secretory antibodies is mainly controlled by the antigen specificity of T cells, which provide help to B cells. To be able to harness this system (for instance, for manipulation with vaccines), we need to obtain insight into the bacterial epitopes recognized by T cells in addition to characterizing the reactivity of the antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Takeuchi T, Ohno H. IgA in human health and diseases: Potential regulator of commensal microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024330. [PMID: 36439192 PMCID: PMC9685418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has extensive and tremendous impacts on human physiology and pathology. The regulation of microbiota is therefore a cardinal problem for the mutualistic relationship, as both microbial overgrowth and excessive immune reactions toward them could potentially be detrimental to host homeostasis. Growing evidence suggests that IgA, the most dominant secretory immunoglobulin in the intestine, regulates the colonization of commensal microbiota, and consequently, the microbiota-mediated intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. In this review, we discuss the interactions between IgA and gut microbiota particularly relevant to human pathophysiology. We review current knowledge about how IgA regulates gut microbiota in humans and about the molecular mechanisms behind this interaction. We further discuss the potential role of IgA in regulating human diseases by extrapolating experimental findings, suggesting that IgA can be a future therapeutic strategy that functionally modulates gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smirnova NF, Riemondy K, Bueno M, Collins S, Suresh P, Wang X, Patel KN, Cool C, Königshoff M, Sharma NS, Eickelberg O. Single-cell transcriptome mapping identifies a local, innate B cell population driving chronic rejection after lung transplantation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156648. [PMID: 36134664 PMCID: PMC9675462 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the main reason for poor outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx). We and others have recently identified B cells as major contributors to BOS after LTx. The extent of B cell heterogeneity and the relative contributions of B cell subpopulations to BOS, however, remain unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of cell population changes and their gene expression patterns during chronic rejection after orthotopic LTx in mice. Of 11 major cell types, Mzb1-expressing plasma cells (PCs) were the most prominently increased population in BOS lungs. These findings were validated in 2 different cohorts of human BOS after LTx. A Bhlhe41, Cxcr3, and Itgb1 triple-positive B cell subset, also expressing classical markers of the innate-like B-1 B cell population, served as the progenitor pool for Mzb1+ PCs. This subset accounted for the increase in IgG2c production within BOS lung grafts. A genetic lack of Igs decreased BOS severity after LTx. In summary, we provide a detailed analysis of cell population changes during BOS. IgG+ PCs and their progenitors — an innate B cell subpopulation — are the major source of local Ab production and a significant contributor to BOS after LTx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F Smirnova
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) - INSERM U1297, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Kent Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marta Bueno
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan Collins
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Pavan Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xingan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kapil N Patel
- Center for Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation, University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Carlyne Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nirmal S Sharma
- Center for Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation, University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Foxx CL, Nagy MR, King AE, Albin D, DeKrey GK. TCDD exposure alters fecal IgA concentrations in male and female mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:25. [PMID: 35449084 PMCID: PMC9026712 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can alter diurnal rhythms including those for innate lymphoid cell numbers, cytokine and hormone levels, and feeding behaviors. Because immune responses and antibody levels are modulated by exposure to AhR agonists, we hypothesized that some of the variation previously reported for the effects of AhR activation on fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels could be explained by dysregulation of the diurnal sIgA rhythm. Methods C57Bl/6 J mice were exposed to peanut oil or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 10 or 40 μg/Kg) and fecal sIgA levels were determined in samples collected every 4 h over 4 days. Results Fecal sIgA concentrations were not significantly different between light and dark phases of the photoperiod in either male or female mice, and there were no significant circadian rhythms observed, but TCDD exposure significantly altered both fecal mesor sIgA and serum IgA concentrations, in parallel, in male (increased) and female (biphasic) mice. Conclusions AhR activation can contribute to the regulation of steady state IgA/sIgA concentrations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00563-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Foxx
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Madeline R Nagy
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Aspen E King
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Dreycey Albin
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Gregory K DeKrey
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Descatoire M, Fritzen R, Rotman S, Kuntzelman G, Leber XC, Droz-Georget S, Thrasher AJ, Traggiai E, Candotti F. Critical role of WASp in germinal center tolerance through regulation of B cell apoptosis and diversification. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110474. [PMID: 35263577 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A main feature of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is increased susceptibility to autoimmunity. A key contribution of B cells to development of these complications has been demonstrated through studies of samples from affected individuals and mouse models of the disease, but the role of the WAS protein (WASp) in controlling peripheral tolerance has not been specifically explored. Here we show that B cell responses remain T cell dependent in constitutive WASp-deficient mice, whereas selective WASp deletion in germinal center B cells (GCBs) is sufficient to induce broad development of self-reactive antibodies and kidney pathology, pointing to loss of germinal center tolerance as a primary cause leading to autoimmunity. Mechanistically, we show that WASp is upregulated in GCBs and regulates apoptosis and plasma cell differentiation in the germinal center and that the somatic hypermutation-derived diversification is the basis of autoantibody development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Descatoire
- Laboratory of Inherited Immune Disorders, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Samuel Rotman
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stephanie Droz-Georget
- Laboratory of Inherited Immune Disorders, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- University College of London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Fabio Candotti
- Laboratory of Inherited Immune Disorders, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nagaishi T, Watabe T, Kotake K, Kumazawa T, Aida T, Tanaka K, Ono R, Ishino F, Usami T, Miura T, Hirakata S, Kawasaki H, Tsugawa N, Yamada D, Hirayama K, Yoshikawa S, Karasuyama H, Okamoto R, Watanabe M, Blumberg RS, Adachi T. Immunoglobulin A-specific deficiency induces spontaneous inflammation specifically in the ileum. Gut 2022; 71:487-496. [PMID: 33963042 PMCID: PMC8809603 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although immunoglobulin A (IgA) is abundantly expressed in the gut and known to be an important component of mucosal barriers against luminal pathogens, its precise function remains unclear. Therefore, we tried to elucidate the effect of IgA on gut homeostasis maintenance and its mechanism. DESIGN We generated various IgA mutant mouse lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Then, we evaluated the effect on the small intestinal homeostasis, pathology, intestinal microbiota, cytokine production, and immune cell activation using intravital imaging. RESULTS We obtained two lines, with one that contained a <50 base pair deletion in the cytoplasmic region of the IgA allele (IgA tail-mutant; IgAtm/tm) and the other that lacked the most constant region of the IgH α chain, which resulted in the deficiency of IgA production (IgA-/-). IgA-/- exhibited spontaneous inflammation in the ileum but not the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Associated with this, there were significantly increased lamina propria CD4+ T cells, elevated productions of IFN-γ and IL-17, increased ileal segmented filamentous bacteria and skewed intestinal microflora composition. Intravital imaging using Ca2+ biosensor showed that IgA-/- had elevated Ca2+ signalling in Peyer's patch B cells. On the other hand, IgAtm/tm seemed to be normal, suggesting that the IgA cytoplasmic tail is dispensable for the prevention of the intestinal disorder. CONCLUSION IgA plays an important role in the mucosal homeostasis associated with the regulation of intestinal microbiota and protection against mucosal inflammation especially in the ileum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan .,Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Watabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Kotake
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,Research and Development Department, Ichibiki Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kumazawa
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,Research and Development Department, Ichibiki Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ono
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,Current address: Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ishino
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Usami
- Laboratory of Recombinant Animals, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Miura
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Hirakata
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kawasaki
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Tsugawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,Current address: Department of Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,Advanced Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,Advanced Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan .,Current address: Department of Precision Health, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gut microbiota and immunity relevance in eubiosis and dysbiosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1628-1643. [PMID: 35280528 PMCID: PMC8913379 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut is colonized by numerous microorganisms, in which bacteria present the highest proportion of this colonization that live in a symbiotic relationship with the host. This microbial collection is commonly known as the microbiota. The gut microbiota can mediate gut epithelial and immune cells interaction through vitamins synthesis or metabolic products. The microbiota plays a vital role in growth and development of the main components of human’s adaptive and innate immune system, while the immune system regulates host-microbe symbiosis. On the other hand, negative alteration in gut microbiota composition or gut dysbiosis, can disturb immune responses. This review highlights the gut microbiota-immune system cross-talk in both eubiosis and dysbiosis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao P, Adachi T, Okai S, Morita N, Kitamura D, Shinkura R. Integrin CD11b provides a new marker of pre-germinal center IgA + B cells in murine Peyer's patches. Int Immunol 2021; 34:249-262. [PMID: 34971392 PMCID: PMC9020567 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated B cells can enter germinal centers (GCs) for affinity maturation to produce high-affinity antibodies. However, which activated B cells will enter GCs remains unknown. Here, we found a small population of CD11b+IgA+ B cells located outside of GCs in murine Peyer’s patches (PPs). After injection of the CD11b+IgA+ PP B cells into a PP of a recipient mouse, they entered GCs forty hours later. They expressed GC surface markers and pre-GC B cell genes, suggesting that CD11b provides a novel surface marker of pre-GC IgA+ B cells in murine PPs. Furthermore, independently of dendritic cell activation, CD11b expression on B cells can be induced by bacterial antigens, such as pam3CSK4 and heat-killed Escherichia coli in vitro. In addition, mice orally administered with pam3CSK4 or heat-killed E. coli increased the number of PP GC B cells within two days, and enhanced the mucosal antigen-specific IgA response. Our results demonstrate that the induction of CD11b on B cells is a promising marker for selecting an effective mucosal vaccine adjuvant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Precision Health, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Okai
- Department of Applied Immunology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Correspondence to: R. Shinkura; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lapaquette P, Bizeau JB, Acar N, Bringer MA. Reciprocal interactions between gut microbiota and autophagy. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8283-8301. [PMID: 35068870 PMCID: PMC8717019 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A symbiotic relationship has set up between the gut microbiota and its host in the course of evolution, forming an interkingdom consortium. The gut offers a favorable ecological niche for microbial communities, with the whole body and external factors (e.g., diet or medications) contributing to modulating this microenvironment. Reciprocally, the gut microbiota is important for maintaining health by acting not only on the gut mucosa but also on other organs. However, failure in one or another of these two partners can lead to the breakdown in their symbiotic equilibrium and contribute to disease onset and/or progression. Several microbial and host processes are devoted to facing up the stress that could alter the symbiosis, ensuring the resilience of the ecosystem. Among these processes, autophagy is a host catabolic process integrating a wide range of stress in order to maintain cell survival and homeostasis. This cytoprotective mechanism, which is ubiquitous and operates at basal level in all tissues, can be rapidly down- or up-regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or post-translational levels, to respond to various stress conditions. Because of its sensitivity to all, metabolic-, immune-, and microbial-derived stimuli, autophagy is at the crossroad of the dialogue between changes occurring in the gut microbiota and the host responses. In this review, we first delineate the modulation of host autophagy by the gut microbiota locally in the gut and in peripheral organs. Then, we describe the autophagy-related mechanisms affecting the gut microbiota. We conclude this review with the current challenges and an outlook toward the future interventions aiming at modulating host autophagy by targeting the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lapaquette
- UMR PAM A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bizeau
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Waeckel L, Killian M, Rochereau N, Paul S. Metabolites and secretory immunoglobulins: messengers and effectors of the host-microbiota intestinal equilibrium. Trends Immunol 2021; 43:63-77. [PMID: 34848167 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining commensal diversity is essential to host homeostasis, because microbial species provide a range of metabolic products and continuously educate the host immune system. The mucosal immune system must actively gather information about the composition of the microbiota, while offering an appropriate response. In mammals, bacterial sensing leads to the production of specific immunoglobulins (Ig), which reach the intestinal lumen as secretory Ig (SIg). Recent work has shed more light on the mechanisms by which SIg can shape bacterial repertoires and contribute to regulating host metabolism. In parallel, bacterial metabolites modulate Ig production and secretion. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the relationship between bacterial metabolites and host SIg, correlating the disruption of this balance with chronic inflammation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Martin Killian
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shinkura R. Therapeutic immunoglobulin A antibody for dysbiosis-related diseases. Int Immunol 2021; 33:787-790. [PMID: 34492105 PMCID: PMC8499904 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis is alterations in the microbial composition compared with a healthy microbiota and often features a reduction in gut microbial diversity and a change in microbial taxa. Dysbiosis, especially in the gut, has also been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and multiple sclerosis. A body of evidence has shown that intestinal polymeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies are important to regulate the gut microbiota as well as to exclude pathogenic bacteria or viral infection such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) at mucosal sites. Since the 1970s, trials for oral administration of therapeutic IgA or IgG have been performed mainly to treat infectious enteritis caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli or Clostridium difficile. However, few of them have been successfully developed for clinical application up to now. In addition to the protective function against intestinal pathogens, IgA is well known to modulate the gut commensal microbiota leading to symbiosis. Nevertheless, the development of therapeutic IgA drugs to treat dysbiosis is not progressing. In this review, the advantages of therapeutic IgA antibodies and the problems for their development will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, University of Tokyo, 1‑1‑1 Yayoi, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑0032, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The impact of the Th17:Treg axis on the IgA-Biome across the glycemic spectrum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258812. [PMID: 34669745 PMCID: PMC8528330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is released into mucosal surfaces where its function extends beyond that of host defense to include the shaping of resident microbial communities by mediating exclusion/inclusion of respective microbes and regulating bacterial gene expression. In this capacity, SIgA acts as the fulcrum on which host immunity and the health of the microbiota are balanced. We recently completed an analysis of the gut and salivary IgA-Biomes (16S rDNA sequencing of SIgA-coated/uncoated bacteria) in Mexican-American adults that identified IgA-Biome differences across the glycemic spectrum. As Th17:Treg ratio imbalances are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory conditions such as type 2 diabetes, the present study extends our prior work by examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (pro-inflammatory:anti-inflammatory T-cell ratios) and the SIgA response (Th17:Treg-SIgA axis) in shaping microbial communities. Examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (determined by epigenetic qPCR lymphocyte subset quantification) on the IgA-Biome across diabetes phenotypes identified a proportional relationship between Th17:Treg ratios and alpha diversity in the stool IgA-Biome of those with dysglycemia, significant changes in community composition of the stool and salivary microbiomes across glycemic profiles, and genera preferentially abundant by T-cell inflammatory phenotype. This is the first study to associate epigenetically quantified Th17:Treg ratios with both the larger and SIgA-fractionated microbiome, assess these associations in the context of a chronic inflammatory disease, and offers a novel frame through which to evaluate mucosal microbiomes in the context of host responses and inflammation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Varricchi G, Poto R, Ianiro G, Punziano A, Marone G, Gasbarrini A, Spadaro G. Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712915. [PMID: 34408753 PMCID: PMC8366412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody immunodeficiency, characterized by reduced serum levels of IgG, IgA, and/or IgM. The vast majority of CVID patients have polygenic inheritance. Immune dysfunction in CVID can frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Few studies have started to investigate the gut microbiota profile in CVID patients. Overall, the results suggest that in CVID patients there is a reduction of alpha and beta diversity compared to controls. In addition, these patients can exhibit increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and markers (sCD14 and sCD25) of systemic immune cell activation. CVID patients with enteropathy exhibit decreased IgA expression in duodenal tissue. Mouse models for CVID unsatisfactorily recapitulate the polygenic causes of human CVID. The molecular pathways by which gut microbiota contribute to systemic inflammation and possibly tumorigenesis in CVID patients remain poorly understood. Several fundamental questions concerning the relationships between gut microbiota and the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders or cancer in CVID patients remain unanswered. Moreover, it is unknown whether it is possible to modify the microbiome and the outcome of CVID patients through specific therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Punziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kayama H, Okumura R, Takeda K. Interaction Between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune Cells in the Intestine. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 38:23-48. [PMID: 32340570 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-070119-115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating pathogens. The intestinal microbiota maintains epithelial barrier integrity and shapes the mucosal immune system, balancing host defense and oral tolerance with microbial metabolites, components, and attachment to host cells. To avoid aberrant immune responses, epithelial cells segregate the intestinal microbiota from immune cells by constructing chemical and physical barriers, leading to the establishment of host-commensal mutualism. Furthermore, intestinal immune cells participate in the maintenance of a healthy microbiota community and reinforce epithelial barrier functions. Perturbations of the microbiota composition are commonly observed in patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. An understanding of the intimate interactions between the intestinal microbiota, epithelial cells, and immune cells that are crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis might promote advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Takeuchi T, Ohno H. Reciprocal regulation of IgA and the gut microbiota: a key mutualism in the intestine. Int Immunol 2021; 33:781-786. [PMID: 34346497 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is home to trillions of microbes, and their colonization contributes to host physiology through the production of indispensable metabolites and competition against pathogens. However, it is also important to balance this symbiotic relationship, as overgrowth and translocation of microbes could trigger a fatal infection. IgA is the major immunoglobulin class produced and secreted in the intestine and is considered to play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent studies exploring the interactions between IgA and the gut microbiota, and explain how different types of IgA could coexist to regulate the gut microbiota. In particular, we discuss two important aspects of IgA in controlling the gut microbes: function and specificity. Differences in these two aspects appear attributable to how IgA is induced and are associated with the functions of IgA as well. Together, our review delineates a recent understanding of IgA-microbiome interactions and proposes a future direction to clarify its complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Intestinal Ecosystem, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Intestinal Ecosystem, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bubier JA, Chesler EJ, Weinstock GM. Host genetic control of gut microbiome composition. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:263-281. [PMID: 34159422 PMCID: PMC8295090 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a significant role in health and disease, and there is mounting evidence indicating that the microbial composition is regulated in part by host genetics. Heritability estimates for microbial abundance in mice and humans range from (0.05-0.45), indicating that 5-45% of inter-individual variation can be explained by genetics. Through twin studies, genetic association studies, systems genetics, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), hundreds of specific host genetic loci have been shown to associate with the abundance of discrete gut microbes. Using genetically engineered knock-out mice, at least 30 specific genes have now been validated as having specific effects on the microbiome. The relationships among of host genetics, microbiome composition, and abundance, and disease is now beginning to be unraveled through experiments designed to test causality. The genetic control of disease and its relationship to the microbiome can manifest in multiple ways. First, a genetic variant may directly cause the disease phenotype, resulting in an altered microbiome as a consequence of the disease phenotype. Second, a genetic variant may alter gene expression in the host, which in turn alters the microbiome, producing the disease phenotype. Finally, the genetic variant may alter the microbiome directly, which can result in the disease phenotype. In order to understand the processes that underlie the onset and progression of certain diseases, future research must take into account the relationship among host genetics, microbiome, and disease phenotype, and the resources needed to study these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
| | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
B Cells and Microbiota in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094846. [PMID: 34063669 PMCID: PMC8125537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the mucosal membranes maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the host's immune system. B cells are key players in this relationship because activated and differentiated B cells produce secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which binds commensals to preserve a healthy microbial ecosystem. Mounting evidence shows that changes in the function and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with several autoimmune diseases suggesting that an imbalanced or dysbiotic microbiota contributes to autoimmune inflammation. Bacteria within the gut mucosa may modulate autoimmune inflammation through different mechanisms from commensals ability to induce B-cell clones that cross-react with host antigens or through regulation of B-cell subsets' capacity to produce cytokines. Commensal signals in the gut instigate the differentiation of IL-10 producing B cells and IL-10 producing IgA+ plasma cells that recirculate and exert regulatory functions. While the origin of the dysbiosis in autoimmunity is unclear, compelling evidence shows that specific species have a remarkable influence in shaping the inflammatory immune response. Further insight is necessary to dissect the complex interaction between microorganisms, genes, and the immune system. In this review, we will discuss the bidirectional interaction between commensals and B-cell responses in the context of autoimmune inflammation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Guan D, Wang Z, Huo J, Xu S, Lam KP. Bruton's tyrosine kinase regulates gut immune homeostasis through attenuating Th1 response. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:431. [PMID: 33931590 PMCID: PMC8087775 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Patients with mutations in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is known to manifest high prevalence of intestinal disorders including IBD. Although BTK mediates the signaling of various immune receptors, little is known how BTK maintains the homeostasis of the gut immune system. Here, we show that BTK-deficiency promotes IBD progression in a mouse model of colitis. Interestingly, the increased colitis susceptibility of BTK-deficient mice is not caused by gut microbiota changes but rather arises from enhanced pro-inflammatory Th1 response. More importantly, we find the heightened Th1 response in BTK-deficient mice to result from both T cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic mechanisms. BTK-deficient dendritic cells secret elevated levels of the Th1-polarizing cytokine IL-12 and BTK-deficient T cells are inherently more prone to Th1 differentiation. Thus, BTK plays critical roles in maintaining gut immune homeostasis and preventing inflammation via regulating T-cell polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Guan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zixi Wang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Huo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengli Xu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial antigens and metabolites engage in a constant dialogue with the immune system, leading to microbiota-specific immune responses that occur in the absence of inflammation. This form of homeostatic immunity encompasses many arms of immunity, including B cell responses, innate-like T cells, and conventional T helper and T regulatory responses. In this review we summarize known examples of innate-like T cell and adaptive immunity to the microbiota, focusing on fundamental aspects of commensal immune recognition across different barrier sites. Furthermore, we explore how this cross talk is established during development, emphasizing critical temporal windows that establish long-term immune function. Finally, we highlight how dysregulation of immunity to the microbiota can lead to inflammation and disease, and we pinpoint outstanding questions and controversies regarding immune system-microbiota interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Ansaldo
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA;
| | - Taylor K Farley
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA; .,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA; .,Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Among antibodies, IgA is unique because it has evolved to be secreted onto mucosal surfaces. The structure of IgA and the associated secretory component allow IgA to survive the highly proteolytic environment of mucosal surfaces but also substantially limit IgA's ability to activate effector functions on immune cells. Despite these characteristics, IgA is critical for both preventing enteric infections and shaping the local microbiome. IgA's function is determined by a distinct antigen-binding repertoire, composed of antibodies with a variety of specificities, from permissive polyspecificity to cross-reactivity to exquisite specificity to a single epitope, which act together to regulate intestinal bacteria. Development of the unique function and specificities of IgA is shaped by local cues provided by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, driven by the constantly changing environment of the intestine and microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Hand
- R.K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA;
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Iftekhar A, Sigal M. Defence and adaptation mechanisms of the intestinal epithelium upon infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151486. [PMID: 33684844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a monolayer of polarized columnar cells that act as a border between the host and its environment and are the first line of defence against the luminal microbes. In addition to providing a physical barrier, the epithelium possesses a multitude of active mechanisms to fight invading pathogens and regulate the composition and spatial distribution of commensals. The different epithelial cell types have unique functions in this context, and crosstalk with the immune system further modulates their intricate antimicrobial responses. The epithelium is organized into clonal crypt units with a high cellular turnover that is driven by stem cells located at the base. There is increasing evidence that this anatomical organization, the stem cell turnover, and the lineage determination processes are essential for barrier maintenance. These processes can be modulated by microbes directly or by the immune responses to enteric pathogens, resulting in a rapid and efficient adaptation of the epithelium to environmental perturbations, injuries, and infections. Here we discuss the complex host-microbial interactions that shape the mucosa and how the epithelium maintains and re-establishes homeostasis after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Iftekhar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jackson MA, Pearson C, Ilott NE, Huus KE, Hegazy AN, Webber J, Finlay BB, Macpherson AJ, Powrie F, Lam LH. Accurate identification and quantification of commensal microbiota bound by host immunoglobulins. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:33. [PMID: 33516266 PMCID: PMC7847592 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying which taxa are targeted by immunoglobulins can uncover important host-microbe interactions. Immunoglobulin binding of commensal taxa can be assayed by sorting bound bacteria from samples and using amplicon sequencing to determine their taxonomy, a technique most widely applied to study Immunoglobulin A (IgA-Seq). Previous experiments have scored taxon binding in IgA-Seq datasets by comparing abundances in the IgA bound and unbound sorted fractions. However, as these are relative abundances, such scores are influenced by the levels of the other taxa present and represent an abstract combination of these effects. Diversity in the practical approaches of prior studies also warrants benchmarking of the individual stages involved. Here, we provide a detailed description of the design strategy for an optimised IgA-Seq protocol. Combined with a novel scoring method for IgA-Seq datasets that accounts for the aforementioned effects, this platform enables accurate identification and quantification of commensal gut microbiota targeted by host immunoglobulins. RESULTS Using germ-free and Rag1-/- mice as negative controls, and a strain-specific IgA antibody as a positive control, we determine optimal reagents and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) parameters for IgA-Seq. Using simulated IgA-Seq data, we show that existing IgA-Seq scoring methods are influenced by pre-sort relative abundances. This has consequences for the interpretation of case-control studies where there are inherent differences in microbiota composition between groups. We show that these effects can be addressed using a novel scoring approach based on posterior probabilities. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of both the IgA-Seq protocol and probability-based scores by examining both novel and published data from in vivo disease models. CONCLUSIONS We provide a detailed IgA-Seq protocol to accurately isolate IgA-bound taxa from intestinal samples. Using simulated and experimental data, we demonstrate novel probability-based scores that adjust for the compositional nature of relative abundance data to accurately quantify taxon-level IgA binding. All scoring approaches are made available in the IgAScores R package. These methods should improve the generation and interpretation of IgA-Seq datasets and could be applied to study other immunoglobulins and sample types. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kelsey E. Huus
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, and Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Webber
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Andrew J. Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lilian H. Lam
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Guo J, Ren C, Han X, Huang W, You Y, Zhan J. Role of IgA in the early-life establishment of the gut microbiota and immunity: Implications for constructing a healthy start. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-21. [PMID: 33870860 PMCID: PMC8078773 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1908101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization and maturation of the gut microbiota (GM) during early life is a landmark event that fundamentally influences the (early) immunity and later-life health of various mammals. This is a delicate, systematic process that is biologically actively regulated by infants and their mothers, where (secretory) IgA, an important regulator of microbes found in breast milk and generated actively by infants, may play a key role. By binding to microbes, IgA can inhibit or enhance their colonization, influence their gene expression, and regulate immune responses. IgA dysfunction during early life is associated with disrupted GM maturation and various microbe-related diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis and diarrhea, which can also have a lasting effect on GM and host health. This review discusses the process of early GM maturation and its interaction with immunity and the role of IgA (focusing on milk secretory IgA) in regulating this process. The possible application of this knowledge in promoting normal GM maturation processes and immune education has also been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Centre
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pietrzak B, Tomela K, Olejnik-Schmidt A, Mackiewicz A, Schmidt M. Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239254. [PMID: 33291586 PMCID: PMC7731431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the dominant antibody class in mucosal secretions. The majority of plasma cells producing IgA are located within mucosal membranes lining the intestines. SIgA protects against the adhesion of pathogens and their penetration into the intestinal barrier. Moreover, SIgA regulates gut microbiota composition and provides intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we present mechanisms of SIgA generation: T cell-dependent and -independent; in different non-organized and organized lymphoid structures in intestinal lamina propria (i.e., Peyer’s patches and isolated lymphoid follicles). We also summarize recent advances in understanding of SIgA functions in intestinal mucosal secretions with focus on its role in regulating gut microbiota composition and generation of tolerogenic responses toward its members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Pietrzak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Tomela
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (K.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (K.T.); (A.M.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Intriguing Interaction of Escherichia coli with the Host Environment and Innovative Strategies To Interfere with Colonization: a Summary of the 2019 E. coli and the Mucosal Immune System Meeting. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02085-20. [PMID: 33008822 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02085-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The third E. coli and the Mucosal Immune System (ECMIS) meeting was held at Ghent University in Belgium from 2 to 5 June 2019. It brought together an international group of scientists interested in mechanisms of colonization, host response, and vaccine development. ECMIS distinguishes itself from related meetings on these enteropathogens by providing a greater emphasis on animal health and disease and covering a broad range of pathotypes, including enterohemorrhagic, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroaggregative, and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli As it is well established that the genus Shigella represents a subspecies of E. coli, these organisms along with related enteroinvasive E. coli are also included. In addition, Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen, was presented as an example of a pathogen which uses its surface glycans for mucosal interaction. This review summarizes several highlights from the 2019 meeting and major advances to our understanding of the biology of these pathogens and their impact on the host.
Collapse
|
45
|
A Hyper-IgM Syndrome Mutation in Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Disrupts G-Quadruplex Binding and Genome-wide Chromatin Localization. Immunity 2020; 53:952-970.e11. [PMID: 33098766 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Precise targeting of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to immunoglobulin (Ig) loci promotes antibody class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), whereas AID targeting of non-Ig loci can generate oncogenic DNA lesions. Here, we examined the contribution of G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid structures to AID targeting in vivo. Mice bearing a mutation in Aicda (AIDG133V) that disrupts AID-G4 binding modeled the pathology of hyper-IgM syndrome patients with an orthologous mutation, lacked CSR and SHM, and had broad defects in genome-wide AIDG133V chromatin localization. Genome-wide analyses also revealed that wild-type AID localized to MHCII genes, and AID expression correlated with decreased MHCII expression in germinal center B cells and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Our findings indicate a crucial role for G4 binding in AID targeting and suggest that AID activity may extend beyond Ig loci to regulate the expression of genes relevant to the physiology and pathology of activated B cells.
Collapse
|
46
|
Fallet B, Hao Y, Florova M, Cornille K, de Los Aires AV, Girelli Zubani G, Ertuna YI, Greiff V, Menzel U, Hammad K, Merkler D, Reddy ST, Weill JC, Reynaud CA, Pinschewer DD. Chronic Viral Infection Promotes Efficient Germinal Center B Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1013-1026.e7. [PMID: 31995746 PMCID: PMC6996002 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent viral infections subvert key elements of adaptive immunity. To compare germinal center (GC) B cell responses in chronic and acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, we exploit activation-induced deaminase (AID) fate-reporter mice and perform adoptive B cell transfer experiments. Chronic infection yields GC B cell responses of higher cellularity than acute infections do, higher memory B cell and antibody secreting cell output for longer periods of time, a better representation of the late B cell repertoire in serum immunoglobulin, and higher titers of protective neutralizing antibodies. GC B cells of chronically infected mice are similarly hypermutated as those emerging from acute infection. They efficiently adapt to viral escape variants and even in hypermutation-impaired AID mutant mice, chronic infection selects for GC B cells with hypermutated B cell receptors (BCRs) and neutralizing antibody formation. These findings demonstrate that, unlike for CD8+ T cells, chronic viral infection drives a functional, productive, and protective GC B cell response. Chronic viral infection elicits potent and sustained germinal center (GC) responses Chronic infection triggers prolonged plasma cell and memory B cell output from GCs GC B cells hypermutate efficiently and are potently selected in chronic infection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédict Fallet
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Haus Petersplatz, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yi Hao
- Development of the Immune System, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Marianna Florova
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Haus Petersplatz, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Cornille
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Haus Petersplatz, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alba Verge de Los Aires
- Development of the Immune System, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Girelli Zubani
- Development of the Immune System, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yusuf I Ertuna
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Haus Petersplatz, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrike Menzel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karim Hammad
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sai T Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Development of the Immune System, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Development of the Immune System, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Haus Petersplatz, 4009 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hale LP. Deficiency of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239295. [PMID: 32941525 PMCID: PMC7498091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in ulcerative colitis (UC) when the majority of colon epithelial cells may be exposed to inflammation-associated mutagenesis. In addition to mutagenesis generated by oxidative stress, inflammation can induce activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aicda), a mutator enzyme in the APOBEC family, within colon epithelial cells. This study tested the hypothesis that deletion of the Aicda gene could protect against the development of inflammation-associated colorectal cancers, using a model of UC-like colitis in "T/I" mice deficient in TNF and IL10. Results showed that T/I mice that were additionally Aicda-deficient ("TIA" mice) spontaneously developed moderate to severe UC-like colitis soon after weaning, with histologic features and colon inflammation severity scores similar those in T/I mice. Although the mean survival of TIA mice was decreased compared to T/I mice, multivariable analysis that adjusted for age when neoplasia was ascertained showed a decreased numbers of neoplastic colorectal lesions in TIA mice, with a trend toward decreased incidence of neoplasia. Aicda deficiency increased serum IL1α and slightly decreased IL12p40 and M-CSF, as compared with T/I mice, and led to undetectable levels of IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3. Taken together, these studies show that Aicda deficiency can decrease the number of neoplastic lesions but is not sufficient to prevent the risk of inflammation-associated colorectal neoplasia in the setting of severe UC-like inflammation. The TIA model may also be useful for assessing the roles of antibody class-switch recombination deficiency and somatic hypermutation on regulation of microbiota and inflammation in the small intestine and colon, as well as the pathogenesis of colitis associated with hyper-IgM syndrome in humans. Further studies will be required to determine the mechanisms that drive early mortality in TIA mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Hale
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Circulation of gut-preactivated naïve CD8 + T cells enhances antitumor immunity in B cell-defective mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23674-23683. [PMID: 32907933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010981117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has garnered attention as an effective target to boost immunity and improve cancer immunotherapy. We found that B cell-defective (BCD) mice, such as µ-membrane targeted deletion (µMT) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) knockouts (KOs), have elevated antitumor immunity under specific pathogen-free but not germ-free conditions. Microbial dysbiosis in these BCD mice enriched the type I IFN (IFN) signature in mucosal CD8+ T cells, resulting in up-regulation of the type I IFN-inducible protein stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1). Among CD8+ T cells, naïve cells predominantly circulate from the gut to the periphery, and those that had migrated from the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) to the periphery had significantly higher expression of Sca-1. The gut-educated Sca-1+ naïve subset is endowed with enhanced mitochondrial activity and antitumor effector potential. The heterogeneity and functional versatility of the systemic naïve CD8+ T cell compartment was revealed by single-cell analysis and functional assays of CD8+ T cell subpopulations. These results indicate one of the potential mechanisms through which microbial dysbiosis regulates antitumor immunity.
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang Y, Palm NW. Immunoglobulin A and the microbiome. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 56:89-96. [PMID: 32889295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The trillions of microbes that constitutively colonize the intestine (the gut microbiota) impact diverse aspects of human physiology in health and disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced at mucosal surfaces, and nearly two grams of IgA is secreted into the intestine every day. Secretory IgA (SIgA) provides critical protection against pathogens and toxins, but can also directly bind to and 'coat' commensal bacteria in the gut. Commensal targeting by SIgA shapes gut microbiota composition, modulates bacterial behaviors, and enforces host-microbiota homeostasis in both mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jørgensen SF, Fevang B, Aukrust P. Commentary: Gut Antibody Deficiency in a Mouse Model of CVID Results in Spontaneous Development of a Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1921. [PMID: 32983117 PMCID: PMC7481324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silje F Jørgensen
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|