1
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Schulte D, Snijder J. A Handle on Mass Coincidence Errors in De Novo Sequencing of Antibodies by Bottom-up Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38932690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibody sequences can be determined at 99% accuracy directly from the polypeptide product by using bottom-up proteomics techniques. Sequencing accuracy at the peptide level is limited by the isobaric residues leucine and isoleucine, incomplete fragmentation spectra in which the order of two or more residues remains ambiguous due to lacking fragment ions for the intermediate positions, and isobaric combinations of amino acids, of potentially different lengths, for example, GG = N and GA = Q. Here, we present several updates to Stitch (v1.5), which performs template-based assembly of de novo peptides to reconstruct antibody sequences. This version introduces a mass-based alignment algorithm that explicitly accounts for mass coincidence errors. In addition, it incorporates a postprocessing procedure to assign I/L residues based on secondary fragments (satellite ions, i.e., w-ions). Moreover, evidence for sequence assignments can now be directly evaluated with the addition of an integrated spectrum viewer. Lastly, input data from a wider selection of de novo peptide sequencing algorithms are allowed, now including Casanovo, PEAKS, Novor.Cloud, pNovo, and MaxNovo, in addition to flat text and FASTA. Combined, these changes make Stitch compatible with a larger range of data processing pipelines and improve its tolerance to peptide-level sequencing errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Schulte
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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2
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Casadevall A, Paneth N. Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Infectious Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 38869844 DOI: 10.1007/82_2024_265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to therapy in oncology and immune-related diseases, where dozens of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been introduced, often in transformative fashion, the use of mAbs for infectious diseases is generally underdeveloped, with fewer than a dozen mAbs currently licensed for the treatment of microbial diseases. This situation is paradoxical given that antibodies are major products of the immune system for protecting against infectious diseases. The underdevelopment of mAbs for infectious diseases has several causes including the availability of effective therapy against many microbial diseases, the fact that many pathogenic microbes are antigenically diverse and thus all strains are not covered by a single mAb, and the high expense of mAb therapies. Despite these hurdles the number of mAbs licensed for infectious disease indications is slowly increasing and there are numerous opportunities for the development of mAbs in the prevention and treatment of microbial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nigel Paneth
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Pediatrics & Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Kietrungruang K, Sookkree S, Sangboonruang S, Semakul N, Poomanee W, Kitidee K, Tragoolpua Y, Tragoolpua K. Ethanolic Extract Propolis-Loaded Niosomes Diminish Phospholipase B1, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in Macrophages. Molecules 2023; 28:6224. [PMID: 37687052 PMCID: PMC10488685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase B1 (PLB1) and biofilms act as microbial virulence factors and play an important role in pulmonary cryptococcosis. This study aims to formulate the ethanolic extract of propolis-loaded niosomes (Nio-EEP) and evaluate the biological activities occurring during PLB1 production and biofilm formation of Cryptococcus neoformans. Some physicochemical characterizations of niosomes include a mean diameter of 270 nm in a spherical shape, a zeta-potential of -10.54 ± 1.37 mV, and 88.13 ± 0.01% entrapment efficiency. Nio-EEP can release EEP in a sustained manner and retains consistent physicochemical properties for a month. Nio-EEP has the capability to permeate the cellular membranes of C. neoformans, causing a significant decrease in the mRNA expression level of PLB1. Interestingly, biofilm formation, biofilm thickness, and the expression level of biofilm-related genes (UGD1 and UXS1) were also significantly reduced. Pre-treating with Nio-EEP prior to yeast infection reduced the intracellular replication of C. neoformans in alveolar macrophages by 47%. In conclusion, Nio-EEP mediates as an anti-virulence agent to inhibit PLB1 and biofilm production for preventing fungal colonization on lung epithelial cells and also decreases the intracellular replication of phagocytosed cryptococci. This nano-based EEP delivery might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritapat Kietrungruang
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanonthinee Sookkree
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sirikwan Sangboonruang
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Natthawat Semakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Worrapan Poomanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kuntida Kitidee
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Khajornsak Tragoolpua
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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4
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Meagher RB, Lewis ZA, Ambati S, Lin X. DectiSomes: C-type lectin receptor-targeted liposomes as pan-antifungal drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114776. [PMID: 36934519 PMCID: PMC10133202 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Combatting the ever-increasing threat from invasive fungal pathogens faces numerous fundamental challenges, including constant human exposure to large reservoirs of species in the environment, the increasing population of immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, the unsatisfactory efficacy of current antifungal drugs and their associated toxicity, and the scientific and economic barriers limiting a new antifungal pipeline. DectiSomes represent a new drug delivery platform that enhances antifungal efficacy for diverse fungal pathogens and reduces host toxicity for current and future antifungals. DectiSomes employ pathogen receptor proteins - C-type lectins - to target drug-loaded liposomes to conserved fungal cognate ligands and away from host cells. DectiSomes represent one leap forward for urgently needed effective pan-antifungal therapy. Herein, we discuss the problems of battling fungal diseases and the state of DectiSome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Meagher
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zachary A Lewis
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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5
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Chen Y, Song W, Li C, Wang J, Liu F, Ye Z, Ren P, Tong Y, Li J, Ou Z, Lee ACY, Cai JP, Wong BHY, Chan JFW, Yuen KY, Zhang AJX, Chu H. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 infection in diet-induced obese mice through boosting host innate antiviral responses. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104485. [PMID: 36857860 PMCID: PMC9970285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is considered a risk factor of severe manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and host responses to infection, re-infection, and vaccination in individuals with obesity remain incompletely understood. METHODS Using the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model, we studied SARS-CoV-2 Alpha- and Omicron BA.1-induced disease manifestations and host immune responses to infection, re-infection, and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. FINDINGS Unlike in lean mice, Omicron BA.1 and Alpha replicated to comparable levels in the lungs of DIO mice and resulted in similar degree of tissue damages. Importantly, both T cell and B cell mediated adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 mRNA vaccination are impaired in DIO mice, leading to higher propensity of re-infection and lower vaccine efficacy. However, despite the absence of neutralizing antibody, vaccinated DIO mice are protected from lung damage upon Omicron challenge, accompanied with significantly more IFN-α and IFN-β production in the lung tissue. Lung RNAseq and subsequent experiments indicated that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in DIO mice boosted antiviral innate immune response, including the expression of IFN-α, when compared to the nonvaccinated controls. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggested that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination enhances host innate antiviral responses in obesity which protect the DIO mice to a certain degree when adaptive immunity is suboptimal. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchen Song
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Ye
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidi Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Tong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Ou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bosco Ho-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Jin-Xia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Schulte D, Peng W, Snijder J. Template-Based Assembly of Proteomic Short Reads For De Novo Antibody Sequencing and Repertoire Profiling. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10391-10399. [PMID: 35834437 PMCID: PMC9330293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Antibodies can target a vast molecular diversity of antigens.
This
is achieved by generating a complementary diversity of antibody sequences
through somatic recombination and hypermutation. A full understanding
of the antibody repertoire in health and disease therefore requires
dedicated de novo sequencing methods. Next-generation
cDNA sequencing methods have laid the foundation of our current understanding
of the antibody repertoire, but these methods share one major limitation
in that they target the antibody-producing B-cells, rather than the
functional secreted product in bodily fluids. Mass spectrometry-based
methods offer an opportunity to bridge this gap between antibody repertoire
profiling and bulk serological assays, as they can access antibody
sequence information straight from the secreted polypeptide products.
In a step to meeting the challenge of mass spectrometry (MS)-based
antibody sequencing, we present a fast and simple software tool (Stitch)
to map proteomic short reads to user-defined templates with dedicated
features for both monoclonal antibody sequencing and profiling of
polyclonal antibody repertoires. We demonstrate the use of Stitch
by fully reconstructing two monoclonal antibody sequences with >98%
accuracy (including I/L assignment); sequencing a Fab from patient
serum isolated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) fractionation
against a high background of homologous antibody sequences; sequencing
antibody light chains from the urine of multiple-myeloma patients;
and profiling the IgG repertoire in sera from patients hospitalized
with COVID-19. We demonstrate that Stitch assembles a comprehensive
overview of the antibody sequences that are represented in the dataset
and provides an important first step toward analyzing polyclonal antibodies
and repertoire profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Schulte
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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IgG3 constant region GM (γ marker) allotypes could influence the neutralizing potency of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2119380119. [PMID: 35105812 PMCID: PMC8833157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119380119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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8
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Vaughn B, Abu Kwaik Y. Idiosyncratic Biogenesis of Intracellular Pathogens-Containing Vacuoles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:722433. [PMID: 34858868 PMCID: PMC8632064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.722433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While most bacterial species taken up by macrophages are degraded through processing of the bacteria-containing vacuole through the endosomal-lysosomal degradation pathway, intravacuolar pathogens have evolved to evade degradation through the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. All intra-vacuolar pathogens possess specialized secretion systems (T3SS-T7SS) that inject effector proteins into the host cell cytosol to modulate myriad of host cell processes and remodel their vacuoles into proliferative niches. Although intravacuolar pathogens utilize similar secretion systems to interfere with their vacuole biogenesis, each pathogen has evolved a unique toolbox of protein effectors injected into the host cell to interact with, and modulate, distinct host cell targets. Thus, intravacuolar pathogens have evolved clear idiosyncrasies in their interference with their vacuole biogenesis to generate a unique intravacuolar niche suitable for their own proliferation. While there has been a quantum leap in our knowledge of modulation of phagosome biogenesis by intravacuolar pathogens, the detailed biochemical and cellular processes affected remain to be deciphered. Here we discuss how the intravacuolar bacterial pathogens Salmonella, Chlamydia, Mycobacteria, Legionella, Brucella, Coxiella, and Anaplasma utilize their unique set of effectors injected into the host cell to interfere with endocytic, exocytic, and ER-to-Golgi vesicle traffic. However, Coxiella is the main exception for a bacterial pathogen that proliferates within the hydrolytic lysosomal compartment, but its T4SS is essential for adaptation and proliferation within the lysosomal-like vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Vaughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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9
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Schaefer A, Lai SK. The biophysical principles underpinning muco-trapping functions of antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1939605. [PMID: 34314289 PMCID: PMC9116395 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1939605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical immunological functions such as neutralization, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and complement activation, IgG antibodies possess a little-recognized and under-utilized effector function at mucosal surfaces: trapping pathogens in mucus. IgG can potently immobilize pathogens that otherwise readily diffuse or actively swim through mucus by forming multiple low-affinity bonds between the array of pathogen-bound antibodies and the mucin mesh. Trapping in mucus can exclude pathogens from contacting target cells, and facilitate their rapid elimination by natural mucus clearance mechanisms. Despite the fact that most infections are transmitted at mucosal surfaces, this muco-trapping effector function has only been revealed within the past decade, with the evidence to date suggesting that it is a universal effector function of IgG-Fc capable of immobilizing both viral and highly motile bacterial pathogens in all major mucosal secretions. This review provides an overview of the current evidence for Fc-mucin crosslinking as an effector function for antibodies in mucus, the mechanism by which the accumulation of weak Fc-mucin bonds by IgG bound to the surface of a pathogen can result in immobilization of antibody-pathogen complexes, and how trapping in mucus can contribute to protection against foreign pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Schaefer
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel K Lai
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Fritzler MJ, Choi MY, Satoh M, Mahler M. Autoantibody Discovery, Assay Development and Adoption: Death Valley, the Sea of Survival and Beyond. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679613. [PMID: 34122443 PMCID: PMC8191456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dating to the discovery of the Lupus Erythematosus (LE) cell in 1948, there has been a dramatic growth in the discovery of unique autoantibodies and their cognate targets, all of which has led to the availability and use of autoantibody testing for a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Most studies of the sensitivity, specificity, commutability, and harmonization of autoantibody testing have focused on widely available, commercially developed and agency-certified autoantibody kits. However, this is only a small part of the spectrum of autoantibody tests that are provided through laboratories world-wide. This manuscript will review the wider spectrum of testing by exploring the innovation pathway that begins with autoantibody discovery followed by assessment of clinical relevance, accuracy, validation, and then consideration of regulatory requirements as an approved diagnostic test. Some tests are offered as "Research Use Only (RUO)", some as "Laboratory Developed Tests (LDT)", some enter Health Technology Assessment (HTA) pathways, while others are relegated to a "death valley" of autoantibody discovery and become "orphan" autoantibodies. Those that achieve regulatory approval are further threatened by the business world's "Darwinian Sea of Survival". As one example of the trappings of autoantibody progression or failure, it is reported that more than 200 different autoantibodies have been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a small handful (~10%) of these have achieved regulatory approval and are widely available as commercial diagnostic kits, while a few others may be available as RUO or LDT assays. However, the vast majority (90%) are orphaned and languish in an autoantibody 'death valley'. This review proposes that it is important to keep an inventory of these "orphan autoantibodies" in 'death valley' because, with the increasing availability of multi-analyte arrays and artificial intelligence (MAAI), some can be rescued to achieve a useful role in clinical diagnostic especially in light of patient stratification and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - May Y Choi
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Michael Mahler
- Research and Development, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, United States
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11
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Nielsen TB, Yan J, Luna BM, Talyansky Y, Slarve M, Bonomo RA, Spellberg B. Monoclonal antibody requires immunomodulation for efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2133-2147. [PMID: 34036366 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are gaining significant momentum as novel therapeutics for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We evaluated the mechanism by which anti-bacterial MAb therapy protects against Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Anti-capsular MAb enhanced macrophage opsonophagocytosis and rescued mice from lethal infections by harnessing complement, macrophages, and neutrophils, yet the degree of bacterial burden did not correlate with survival. Furthermore, MAb therapy reduced pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, which correlated inversely with survival. Although disrupting IL-10 abrogated the survival advantage conferred by the MAb, IL-10-knockout mice treated with MAb could still survive if TNFα production was suppressed directly (via anti-TNFα neutralizing antibody) or indirectly (via macrophage depletion). Thus, even for a MAb that enhances microbial clearance via opsonophagocytosis, clinical efficacy required modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These findings may inform future MAb development targeting bacteria that trigger the sepsis cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Nielsen
- Stritch School of Medicine at Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, United States.,Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Brian M Luna
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Yuli Talyansky
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Matthew Slarve
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44120, United States
| | - Brad Spellberg
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
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12
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Lutz J. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of membranous nephropathy. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17S:S1-S10. [PMID: 33910688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is in adult patients mainly due to membranous nephropathy (MN) characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and immune complex formation between podocytes and the GBM. Autoantibodies directed against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin 1 domain-containing 7 A (THSD7A) can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. THSD7A seems to be of direct pathogenic significance as is suggested by experimental models and plasmapheresis in humans. Recently, further antigens like NELL-1 (neural tissue encoding protein with EGF-like repeats-1), exostosin 1 and 2 have been discovered. Thus, MN should be classified into antibody positive and antibody negative MN. More specific immunosuppressive treatments directed against B-cells and antibody production like rituximab have been introduced in addition to already existing immunosuppressive protocols including steroids, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, and calcineurin inhibitors. Antibody removal using immunoadsorption or plasmapheresis leads to short-term reduction in proteinuria and might be indicated only in patients with very severe proteinuria and complications. Studies are needed to identify a more specific immunosuppression directed against the production and effects of autoantibodies in order to protect the kidneys from autoimmune mediated tissue damage and to identify patients who require an immunosuppressive treatment, as the remission rate is high in patients with MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lutz
- Medical Clinic, Nephrology-Infectious Diseases, Central Rhine hospital group, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenzer Straße 115-155, 56073 Koblenz, Germany.
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13
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Casadevall A, Pirofski LA, Joyner MJ. The Principles of Antibody Therapy for Infectious Diseases with Relevance for COVID-19. mBio 2021; 12:e03372-20. [PMID: 33653885 PMCID: PMC8092292 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03372-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapies such as convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies have emerged as major potential therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunoglobulins differ from conventional antimicrobial agents in that they mediate direct and indirect antimicrobial effects that work in concert with other components of the immune system. The field of infectious diseases pioneered antibody therapies in the first half of the 20th century but largely abandoned them with the arrival of conventional antimicrobial therapy. Consequently, much of the knowledge gained from the historical development and use of immunoglobulins such as serum and convalescent antibody therapies was forgotten; principles and practice governing their use were not taught to new generations of medical practitioners, and further development of this modality stalled. This became apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 when convalescent plasma was initially deployed as salvage therapy in patients with severe disease. In retrospect, this was a stage of disease when it was less likely to be effective. Lessons of the past tell us that antibody therapy is most likely to be effective when used early in respiratory diseases. This article puts forth three principles of antibody therapy, namely, specificity, temporal, and quantitative principles, connoting that antibody efficacy requires the administration of specific antibody, given early in course of disease in sufficient amount. These principles are traced to the history of serum therapy for infectious diseases. The application of the specificity, temporal, and quantitative principles to COVID-19 is discussed in the context of current use of antibody therapy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Rijnink WF, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640168. [PMID: 33679802 PMCID: PMC7930078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB-disease burden. Most present vaccination strategies mainly aim to induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), yet a series of independent studies has shown that B-cells and antibodies (Abs) may contribute significantly to reduce the mycobacterial burden. Although early studies using B-cell knock out animals did not support a major role for B-cells, more recent studies have provided new evidence that B-cells and Abs can contribute significantly to host defense against Mtb. B-cells and Abs exist in many different functional subsets, each equipped with unique functional properties. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the contribution of B-cells and Abs to immunity toward Mtb, their potential utility as biomarkers, and their functional contribution to Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn F Rijnink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Casadevall A, Joyner MJ, Pirofski LA. SARS-CoV-2 viral load and antibody responses: the case for convalescent plasma therapy. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5112-5114. [PMID: 32634126 DOI: 10.1172/jci139760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with COVID-19 lack antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in the first 10 days of illness while the virus drives disease pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 antibody deficiency in the setting of a tissue viral burden suggests that using an antibody as a therapeutic agent would augment the antiviral immune response. In this issue of the JCI, Wang and collaborators describe the kinetics of viral load and the antibody responses of 23 individuals with COVID-19 experiencing mild and severe disease. The researchers found that (a) individuals with mild and severe disease produced neutralizing IgG to SARS-CoV-2 10 days after disease onset, (b) SARS-CoV-2 persisted longer in those with severe disease, and (c) there was cross-reactivity between antibodies to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, but only antibodies from patients with COVID-19 neutralized SARS-CoV-2. These observations provide important information on the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 that can inform the use of convalescent plasma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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16
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Mak A, Kow NY, Ismail NH, Anuar ND, Rutt NH, Cho J, Rosli NSBM, Dharmahidari B. Detection of putative autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematous using a novel native-conformation protein microarray platform. Lupus 2020; 29:1948-1954. [PMID: 32941107 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320959696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional immunoassays detect autoantibodies related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) via recognition of epitopes on autoantigens expressed in their denatured rather than native conformational state, casting difficulty in evaluating the genuine pathogenicity of the autoantibodies. We aimed to use a novel high-throughput protein microarray platform to identify autoantibodies against native autoantigens in SLE sera. METHODS Sera from SLE patients and those of gender-, age-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls (HC) were screened against more than 1,600 immune-related antigens of native conformation. The relative fluorescent unit readout from post-assay imaging were subjected to bioinformatics pre-processing and composite normalization. A penetrance fold change (pFC) analysis between SLE and HC samples shortlisted 50 autoantigens that were subjected to an unsupervised cluster analysis. Correlations between the pFC of putative autoantigens and clinical parameters including SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2K) and recent SLE flares were explored. RESULTS 381 autoantigens were identified when 15 SLE and 15 HC serum samples were compared. The top 20 autoantigens which elicited autoantibody responses in SLE sera filtered based on the highest pFC were further analyzed. Autoantigens which the putative autoantibodies reacted against are those involved in chromatin organization such as DEK, regulation of transcription activity including REOX4 and ELF4, and negative regulation of NFkB activity such as TRIB3. Additionally, the pFC of these autoantibodies significantly and positively correlated with SLEDAI-2K and recent SLE flares. CONCLUSION A high-throughput protein microarray platform allows detection and quantification of putative lupus-related autoantibodies which are of potential pathophysiological and prognostic significance in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm Mak
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nien Yee Kow
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Nur Diana Anuar
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd, Sengenics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurul H Rutt
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd, Sengenics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiacai Cho
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bhushan Dharmahidari
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Advances in Fungal Peptide Vaccines. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030119. [PMID: 32722452 PMCID: PMC7558412 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest public health achievements in the past century, protecting and improving the quality of life of the population worldwide. However, a safe and effective vaccine for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of fungal infections is not yet available. The lack of a vaccine for fungi is a problem of increasing importance as the incidence of diverse species, including Paracoccidioides, Aspergillus, Candida, Sporothrix, and Coccidioides, has increased in recent decades and new drug-resistant pathogenic fungi are emerging. In fact, our antifungal armamentarium too frequently fails to effectively control or cure mycoses, leading to high rates of mortality and morbidity. With this in mind, many groups are working towards identifying effective and safe vaccines for fungal pathogens, with a particular focus of generating vaccines that will work in individuals with compromised immunity who bear the major burden of infections from these microbes. In this review, we detail advances in the development of vaccines for pathogenic fungi, and highlight new methodologies using immunoproteomic techniques and bioinformatic tools that have led to new vaccine formulations, like peptide-based vaccines.
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18
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Cookenham T, Lanzer KG, Gage E, Lorenzo EC, Carter D, Coler RN, Baldwin SL, Haynes L, Reiley WW, Blackman MA. Vaccination of aged mice with adjuvanted recombinant influenza nucleoprotein enhances protective immunity. Vaccine 2020; 38:5256-5267. [PMID: 32540272 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elderly individuals are highly susceptible to influenza virus (IAV) infection and respond poorly to influenza vaccines. Although the generally accepted correlate of protection following influenza vaccination is neutralizing antibody titers, cytotoxic T cell activity has been found to be a better correlate in the elderly. This suggests that vaccines designed to protect against influenza in the elderly should induce both humoral and cellular immunity. The co-induction of T cell immunity is additionally advantageous, as virus-specific T cells are frequently cross-reactive against different strains of IAV. Here, we tested the capacity of a synthetic TLR-4 adjuvant, SLA-SE (second-generation lipid adjuvant formulated in a squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion) to elicit T cell immunity to a recombinant influenza nucleoprotein (rNP), in both young and aged mice. IAV challenge of vaccinated mice resulted in a modest increase in the numbers of NP-specific CD4 and CD8 effector T cells in the spleen, but did not increase numbers of memory phenotype CD8 T cells generated following viral clearance (compared to control vaccinated mice). Cytotoxic activity of CD8, but not CD4 T cells was increased. In addition, SLA-SE adjuvanted vaccination specifically enhanced the production of NP-specific IgG2c antibodies in both young and aged mice. Although NP-specific antibodies are not neutralizing, they can cooperate with CD8 T cells and antigen-presenting cells to enhance protective immunity. Importantly, SLA-SE adjuvanted rNP-vaccination of aged mice resulted in significantly enhanced viral clearance. In addition, vaccination of aged mice resulted in enhanced survival after lethal challenge compared to control vaccination, that approached statistical significance. These data demonstrate the potential of SLA-SE adjuvanted rNP vaccines to (i) generate both cellular and humoral immunity to relatively conserved IAV proteins and (ii) elicit protective immunity to IAV in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Gage
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erica C Lorenzo
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Laura Haynes
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, Farmington, CT, USA
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19
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Santos LA, Grisolia JC, Malaquias LCC, Paula FBDA, Dias ALT, Burger E. Medication association and immunomodulation: An approach in fungal diseases and in particular in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis. Acta Trop 2020; 206:105412. [PMID: 32135141 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have been increasing in recent decades, mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals, although certain mycoses, such as paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), infect immunologically competent individuals. The major problems observed regarding fungal diseases are inadequate diagnosis, prolonged treatment time, the reduced number of drugs available for treatment, in addition to the fact that there are no vaccines for clinical use. Drug combination in order to immunomodulate the immune response is a new strategy used for the treatment of mycoses, since it is difficult to develop new antifungal drugs. The aim of this study is to present and analyze strategies recently suggested for the treatment of fungi of medical interest, in particular for PCM, such as the utilization of combinations of protein fractions or dead microorganisms, as vaccinal antigens, and cellular immunotherapy. We will also propose new therapeutic alternatives, such as lipids, vitamins, synthetic or natural products as well as the use of low intensity LASER therapy (LLLT) to modulate the immune response of the host, enhancing the efficiency of the existing treatments of mycoses of medical interest and in particular of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauana Aparecida Santos
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Julianne Caravita Grisolia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borges de Araújo Paula
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda Latércia Tranches Dias
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eva Burger
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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20
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Dimitrov JD, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Noncanonical Functions of Antibodies. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:379-393. [PMID: 32273170 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of antibodies. These functions encompass either untypical strategies for neutralization of pathogens or exertion of activities that are characteristic for other proteins (cytokines, chaperones, or enzymes). Here, we provide an overview of the noncanonical functions of antibodies and discuss their mechanisms and implications in immune regulation and defense. A better comprehension of these functions will enrich our knowledge of the adaptive immune response and shall inspire the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
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21
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Orlandi C, Deredge D, Ray K, Gohain N, Tolbert W, DeVico AL, Wintrode P, Pazgier M, Lewis GK. Antigen-Induced Allosteric Changes in a Human IgG1 Fc Increase Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptor Binding. Structure 2020; 28:516-527.e5. [PMID: 32209433 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibody structure couples adaptive and innate immunity via Fab (antigen binding) and Fc (effector) domains that are connected by unique hinge regions. Because antibodies harbor two or more Fab domains, they are capable of crosslinking multi-determinant antigens, which is required for Fc-dependent functions through associative interactions with effector ligands, including C1q and cell surface Fc receptors. The modular nature of antibodies, with distal ligand binding sites for antigen and Fc-ligands, is reminiscent of allosteric proteins, suggesting that allosteric interactions might contribute to Fc-mediated effector functions. This hypothesis has been pursued for over 40 years and remains unresolved. Here, we provide evidence that allosteric interactions between Fab and Fc triggered by antigen binding modulate binding of Fc to low-affinity Fc receptors (FcγR) for a human IgG1. This work opens the path to further dissection of the relative roles of allosteric and associative interactions in Fc-mediated effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Orlandi
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - William Tolbert
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anthony L DeVico
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Patrick Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - George K Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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22
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Malaviarachchi PA, Mercado MAB, McSorley SJ, Li LX. Antibody, but not B-cell-dependent antigen presentation, plays an essential role in preventing Chlamydia systemic dissemination in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:676-684. [PMID: 32026472 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis causes the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. CD4 T cells play a central role in the protective immunity against Chlamydia female reproductive tract (FRT) infection, while B cells are thought to be dispensable for resolution of primary Chlamydia infection in mouse models. We recently reported an unexpected requirement of B cells in local Chlamydia-specific CD4 T-cell priming and bacterial containment within the FRT. Here, we sought to tackle the precise effector function of B cells during Chlamydia primary infection. Using mixed bone marrow chimeras that lack B-cell-dependent Ag presentation (MHCIIB - / - ) or devoid of circulating antibodies (AID-/- × μS-/- ), we show that Chlamydia-specific CD4 T-cell expansion does not rely on Ag presentation by B cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that antibody, but not B-cell-dependent Ag presentation, is required for preventing systemic bacterial dissemination following Chlamydia FRT infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyangi A Malaviarachchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Miguel A B Mercado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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23
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Casadevall A, Fang FC. The intracellular pathogen concept. Mol Microbiol 2019; 113:541-545. [PMID: 31762116 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular pathogen concept classifies pathogenic microbes on the basis of their site of replication and dependence on host cells. This concept played a fundamental role in establishing the field of cellular microbiology, founded in part by Dr. Pascale Cossart, whose seminal contributions are honored in this issue of Molecular Microbiology. The recognition that microbes can access and replicate in privileged compartments within host cells has led to many new and fruitful lines of investigation into the biology of the cell and mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity. However, like any scientific concept, the intracellular pathogen concept can become a dogma that constrains thinking and oversimplifies complex and dynamic host-pathogen interactions. Growing evidence has blurred the distinction between "intracellular" and "extracellular" pathogens and demonstrated that many pathogens can exist both within and outside of cells. Although the intracellular pathogen concept remains useful, it should not be viewed as a rigid classification of pathogenic microbes, which exhibit remarkable variation and complexity in their behavior in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ferric C Fang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Liu W, Gao C, Dai H, Zheng Y, Dong Z, Gao Y, Liu F, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Liu W, Liu B, Liu Q, Shi J. Immunological Pathogenesis of Membranous Nephropathy: Focus on PLA2R1 and Its Role. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1809. [PMID: 31447839 PMCID: PMC6691064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome with special pathological features, caused by the formation of immune complexes in the space between podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane. In idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) the immune complexes are formed by circulating antibodies binding mainly to one of two naturally-expressed podocyte antigens: the M-type receptor for secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2R1) and the Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A). Formation of antibodies against PLA2R1 is much more common, accounting for 70-80% of IMN. However, the mechanism of anti-podocyte antibody production in IMN is still unclear. In this review, we emphasize that the exposure of PLA2R1 is critical for triggering the pathogenesis of PLA2R1-associated MN, and propose the potential association between inflammation, pollution and PLA2R1. Our review aims to clarify the current research of these precipitating factors in a way that may suggest future directions for discovering the pathogenesis of MN, leading to additional therapeutic targets and strategies for the prevention and early treatment of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Weijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Departments of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Intracellular Pathogens: Host Immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1356540. [PMID: 31111075 PMCID: PMC6487120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1356540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization. Despite tremendous improvements in global public health since 1950, a number of challenges remain to either prevent or eradicate infectious diseases. Many pathogens can cause acute infections that are effectively cleared by the host immunity, but a subcategory of these pathogens called "intracellular pathogens" can establish persistent and sometimes lifelong infections. Several of these intracellular pathogens manage to evade the host immune monitoring and cause disease by replicating inside the host cells. These pathogens have evolved diverse immune escape strategies and overcome immune responses by residing and multiplying inside host immune cells, primarily macrophages. While these intracellular pathogens that cause persistent infections are phylogenetically diverse and engage in diverse immune evasion and persistence strategies, they share common pathogen type-specific mechanisms during host-pathogen interaction inside host cells. Likewise, the host immune system is also equipped with a diverse range of effector functions to fight against the establishment of pathogen persistence and subsequent host damage. This article provides an overview of the immune effector functions used by the host to counter pathogens and various persistence strategies used by intracellular pathogens to counter host immunity, which enables their extended period of colonization in the host. The improved understanding of persistent intracellular pathogen-derived infections will contribute to develop improved disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and prophylactics.
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Aiello A, Accardi G, Candore G, Caruso C, Colomba C, Di Bona D, Duro G, Gambino CM, Ligotti ME, Pandey JP. Role of Immunogenetics in the Outcome of HCMV Infection: Implications for Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030685. [PMID: 30764515 PMCID: PMC6386818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of host-virus interactions is determined by a number of factors, some related to the virus, others to the host, such as environmental factors and genetic factors. Therefore, different individuals vary in their relative susceptibility to infections. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen from a clinical point of view, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed or immunosenescent individuals, such as the transplanted patients and the elderly, respectively. It is, therefore, important to understand the mechanisms of virus infection control. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the immunobiology of HCMV-host interactions, with particular emphasis on the immunogenetic aspects (human leukocyte antigens, HLA; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, KIRs; immunoglobulin genetic markers, GM allotypes) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the complex host-virus interaction that determine various outcomes of HCMV infection. The results, which show the role of humoral and cellular immunity in the control of infection by HCMV, would be valuable in directing efforts to reduce HCMV spurred health complications in the transplanted patients and in the elderly, including immunosenescence. In addition, concerning GM allotypes, it is intriguing that, in a Southern Italian population, alleles associated with the risk of developing HCMV symptomatic infection are negatively associated with longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudia Colomba
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti d'Organo, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Janardan P Pandey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Gu Y, Liu Y, Fu L, Zhai L, Zhu J, Han Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Cao X. Tumor-educated B cells selectively promote breast cancer lymph node metastasis by HSPA4-targeting IgG. Nat Med 2019; 25:312-322. [PMID: 30643287 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors may create the premetastatic niche in secondary organs for subsequent metastasis. Humoral immunity contributes to the progression of certain cancers, but the roles of B cells and their derived antibodies in premetastatic niche formation are poorly defined. Using a mouse model of spontaneous lymph node metastasis of breast cancer, we show that primary tumors induced B cell accumulation in draining lymph nodes. These B cells selectively promoted lymph node metastasis by producing pathogenic IgG that targeted glycosylated membrane protein HSPA4, and activated the HSPA4-binding protein ITGB5 and the downstream Src/NF-κB pathway in tumor cells for CXCR4/SDF1α-axis-mediated metastasis. High serum anti-HSPA4 IgG was correlated with high tumor HSPA4 expression and poor prognosis of breast cancer subjects. Our findings identify a key role for tumor-educated B cells and their derived antibodies in lymph node premetastatic niche formation, providing potential targets for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Zhai
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingming Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengping Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Banurekha VV, Nair D, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Altered circulating levels of B cell growth factors and their modulation upon anti-tuberculosis treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207404. [PMID: 30427928 PMCID: PMC6235371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor/a proliferation-inducing ligand (BAFF/APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) α family of ligands, which are essential for B cell survival, development, and modulation of the immune system. To examine the association of circulating levels of BAFF and APRIL with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), we measured the systemic levels of APRIL and BAFF in individuals with PTB, TBL, latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy controls (HC). Further, we also examined the pre and post-treatment plasma levels of above-mentioned parameters in PTB and TBL individuals upon completion of anti-TB chemotherapy. Next, the association of these cytokines either with extent of disease, disease severity, bacterial burden in PTB and lymph node culture grade or the lymph node size in TBL was also assessed. Finally, ROC analysis was performed to examine the discrimination capacity of APRIL and BAFF between PTB or TBL with LTB. Our study revealed significantly diminished plasma levels of APRIL in PTB and higher plasma levels of BAFF in both PTB and TBL individuals compared to LTB and HC. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in APRIL levels in TBL and significantly decreased plasma levels of BAFF in both PTB and TBL after the completion of successful anti-TB treatment. There was no statistically positive relationship between BAFF and APRIL levels and the extent of disease, disease severity and bacterial burden in PTB. In TBL, there was a significant correlation between APRIL (but not BAFF) levels with lymph node culture grades. In contrast, APRIL in PTB and BAFF in TBL were able to clearly discriminate from LTB in ROC analysis. In summary, our results showed altered levels of BAFF/APRIL and their modulation upon chemotherapy, suggesting that these cytokines might be involved in the immune-modulation of TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dina Nair
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Stanley Medical Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Pirofski LA, Casadevall A. The Damage-Response Framework as a Tool for the Physician-Scientist to Understand the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:S7-S11. [PMID: 30124977 PMCID: PMC6093430 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Damage-Response Framework (DRF) is a powerful tool to inform research in infectious diseases. It can integrate clinical observation with microbiology and immunology to incorporate the role of the host response into the outcome of microbial pathogenesis. Although the role that microbial factors may play in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases is well recognized, the DRF brings the indispensable role of the host response to the fore. For example, inflammation may induce microbial control, but it can also produce host damage. On the other hand, insufficient inflammation may fail to induce sufficient microbial control. Each scenario may lead to the diagnosis of an infectious disease. Given the central role that the host response plays in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, new strategies for treatment need to consider the nature of the host response as well as microbial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liise-anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York,Correspondence: L.-a. Pirofski, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461 ()
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Verma S, Rawat M, Kumawat S, Qureshi S, Mohd G, Tiwari AK. Protective role of Brucella abortus specific murine antibodies in inhibiting systemic proliferation of virulent strain 544 in mice and guinea pig. Vet World 2018; 11:794-799. [PMID: 30034172 PMCID: PMC6048087 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.794-799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The major objective of the investigation was to evaluate the hitherto uncharacterized potential of Brucella-specific antibodies to win the battle against virulent Brucellaabortus infection. Materials and Methods: Brucella-specific immune serum was raised in mice. The antibody titer of serum was determined by standard tube agglutination test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (iELISA). Groups of mice and guinea pigs were passively immunized with serum containing specific agglutinin titers. 24 h after immunization, all animals along with unimmunized controls were challenged with B. abortus S544. Total B. abortus S544 counts in the spleen of each animal collected on the 7th day of challenge was determined to evaluate the protective index (PI) of anti-Brucella serum by statistical analysis. Result: A dose-dependent protective response to immune mice serum was observed in both experimental models though the values of PI of mice were higher than those obtained for guinea pigs. The PI values in mice passively immunized with 50 IU or 25 IU antibodies were 1.38 and 0.69, respectively. In guinea pigs, however, animals passively immunized with 50 IU or 25 IU antibodies showed PI values equivalent to 0.79 and 0.41, respectively. Conclusion: The observations support our hypothesis that the presence of antibodies inhibits the initial multiplication and eventual colonization of systemic organs by B. abortus. Therefore, a predominant antibody-mediated response induced by a vaccine is expected to protect the animal against the most severe clinical outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Verma
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Rawat
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumawat
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salauddin Qureshi
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gulam Mohd
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. A Therapeutic Vaccine for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 66:1937-1939. [PMID: 29697770 PMCID: PMC9989336 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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Chaisri U, Chaicumpa W. Evolution of Therapeutic Antibodies, Influenza Virus Biology, Influenza, and Influenza Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9747549. [PMID: 29998138 PMCID: PMC5994580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9747549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review article summarizes past and current technologies for generating antibodies for passive immunization/immunotherapy. Contemporary DNA and protein technologies have facilitated the development of engineered therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in a variety of formats according to the required effector functions. Chimeric, humanized, and human monoclonal antibodies to antigenic/epitopic myriads with less immunogenicity than animal-derived antibodies in human recipients can be produced in vitro. Immunotherapy with ready-to-use antibodies has gained wide acceptance as a powerful treatment against both infectious and noninfectious diseases. Influenza, a highly contagious disease, precipitates annual epidemics and occasional pandemics, resulting in high health and economic burden worldwide. Currently available drugs are becoming less and less effective against this rapidly mutating virus. Alternative treatment strategies are needed, particularly for individuals at high risk for severe morbidity. In a setting where vaccines are not yet protective or available, human antibodies that are broadly effective against various influenza subtypes could be highly efficacious in lowering morbidity and mortality and controlling unprecedented epidemic/pandemic. Prototypes of human single-chain antibodies to several conserved proteins of influenza virus with no Fc portion (hence, no ADE effect in recipients) are available. These antibodies have high potential as a novel, safe, and effective anti-influenza agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Casadevall A. Antibody-based vaccine strategies against intracellular pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:74-80. [PMID: 29704764 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, antibody-mediated immunity was considered effective against toxins, extracellular pathogens and viruses, while control of intracellular pathogens was the domain of cellular immunity. However, numerous observations in recent decades have conclusively shown that antibody can protect against intracellular pathogens. This paradigmatic shift has tremendous implications for immunology and vaccine design. For immunology the observation that antibody can protect against intracellular pathogens has led to the discovery of new mechanisms of antibody action. For vaccine design the knowledge that humoral immunity can be effective in protection means that the knowledge acquired in more than a century of antibody studies can be applied to make new vaccines against this class of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Chirani AS, Majidzadeh R, Pouriran R, Heidary M, Nasiri MJ, Gholami M, Goudarzi M, Omrani VF. The effect of in silico targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa patatin-like protein D, for immunogenic administration. Comput Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29524839 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vaccine candidates that have been introduced for immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains are quite diverse. In fact, there has been no proper antigen to act as an effective immunogenic substance against this ubiquitous pathogen in the market as yet. The complications caused by this bacterium due to the rapid development of multiple drug resistant strains have led to clinical problems worldwide. P. aeruginosa encodes many specific virulence elements that could be used as appropriate vaccine candidates. Type Vd secretion system, also known as patatin-like protein D, is a novel P. aeruginosa auto-transporter system. It is known that cellular or humoral immune responses could be elevated by chimeric proteins carrying epitopes. It has been recognized that in silico tools are essential for the evaluation of new chimeric antigens. In this study, we have considered the patatin-like protein D (PlpD) molecule from P. aeruginosa and predicted some immunogenic properties of this strong cytotoxic phospholipase A2 with the use of in-depth computational and immunoinformatics assessment methods The novelty of our in silico study is the modeling and assessment of both humoral and cellular immune potential against the PlpD molecule. The molecule was considered by multiple sequence alignment and homology valuation. The extremely conserved regions in the PlpD were predicted. The allergenic and physicochemical property predictions on the PlpD state that the molecule is a non-allergic and stable molecule. High-resolution secondary and tertiary conformations were created. Indeed, the B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping on the chimeric target protein confirmed that the engineered protein contained a tremendous number of both B-cell and T-cell corresponding epitopes. This investigation magnificently attained the chimeric molecule as being a potent lipolytic enzyme composed of numerous B-cell and T-cell restricted epitopes and could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. The results indicated that this molecule has therapeutic potential against several potent pathogenic P. aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salimi Chirani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Robabeh Majidzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Fallah Omrani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Regulation of Humoral Immunity by CD1d-Restricted Natural Killer T Cells. Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809819-6.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Morel M. [Beating cancer with synthetic genes: towards more effective treatments through autonomous genetic programs]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:591-593. [PMID: 28990556 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173306011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Morel
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC-Université Paris 6, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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Monoclonal Antibodies, Derived from Humans Vaccinated with the RV144 HIV Vaccine Containing the HVEM Binding Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Glycoprotein D, Neutralize HSV Infection, Mediate Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity, and Protect Mice from Ocular Challenge with HSV-1. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00411-17. [PMID: 28701403 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00411-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RV144 HIV vaccine trial included a recombinant HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120) construct fused to a small portion of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) so that the first 40 amino acids of gp120 were replaced by the signal sequence and the first 27 amino acids of the mature form of gD. This region of gD contains most of the binding site for HVEM, an HSV receptor important for virus infection of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. RV144 induced antibodies to HIV that were partially protective against infection, as well as antibodies to HSV. We derived monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from peripheral blood B cells of recipients of the RV144 HIV vaccine and showed that these antibodies neutralized HSV-1 infection in cells expressing HVEM, but not the other major virus receptor, nectin-1. The MAbs mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and mice that received the MAbs and were then challenged by corneal inoculation with HSV-1 had reduced eye disease, shedding, and latent infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of MAbs derived from human recipients of a vaccine that specifically target the HVEM binding site of gD. In summary, we found that monoclonal antibodies derived from humans vaccinated with the HVEM binding domain of HSV-1 gD (i) neutralized HSV-1 infection in a cell receptor-specific manner, (ii) mediated ADCC, and (iii) reduced ocular disease in virus-infected mice.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes cold sores and neonatal herpes and is a leading cause of blindness. Despite many trials, no HSV vaccine has been approved. Nectin-1 and HVEM are the two major cellular receptors for HSV. These receptors are expressed at different levels in various tissues, and the role of each receptor in HSV pathogenesis is not well understood. We derived human monoclonal antibodies from persons who received the HIV RV144 vaccine that contained the HVEM binding domain of HSV-1 gD fused to HIV gp120. These antibodies were able to specifically neutralize HSV-1 infection in vitro via HVEM. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that HVEM-specific HSV-1 neutralizing antibodies protect mice from HSV-1 eye disease, indicating the critical role of HVEM in HSV-1 ocular infection.
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Huang X, Zhuang C, Zhuang C, Xiong T, Li Y, Gui Y. An enhanced hTERT promoter-driven CRISPR/Cas9 system selectively inhibits the progression of bladder cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1713-1721. [PMID: 28702647 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current therapies for treating tumors are lacking in efficacy and specificity. Synthetic biology principles may bring some new possible methods for curing cancer. Here we present a synthetic logic circuit based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been applied in many biological fields, including cancer research. In this study, the expression of Cas9 nuclease was controlled indirectly by an enhanced hTERT promoter using the GAL4/upstream activating sequence (UAS) binding system. Cas9 was driven by 5XUAS, single guide RNA (sgRNA) was used to target mutant or wild-type HRAS, and the fusion gene GAL4-P65 was driven by the enhanced hTERT promoter. The system was tested in bladder cancer cells (T24 and 5637) and the results showed that the enhanced hTERT promoter could drive the expression of GAL4-P65 in these bladder cancer cell lines. Then all these devices were packed into lentivirus and the results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression level of HRAS was selectively inhibited in the T24 and 5637 cells. The results of functional experiments suggested that the proliferation, cell migration and invasion were selectively suppressed, and that the apoptosis rate was increased in bladder cancer cells but not in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). In conclusion, we successfully constructed an enhanced hTERT promoter-driven CRISPR/Cas9 system and data showed that it could selectively suppress the progression of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Huang
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, HeFei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Natural killer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and perspectives for future immunotherapeutic approaches. Front Med 2017; 11:509-521. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Identification and evaluation of the novel immunodominant antigen Rv2351c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e48. [PMID: 28588287 PMCID: PMC5520311 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new immunodominant antigens to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and the efficacy of the TB vaccine to control the disease worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific antigen, Rv2351c, from region of difference (RD) 7 of the MTB genome, and investigated the potency of the vaccine by identifying its immunological function in human and animal immunological experiments. Twenty T-cell epitopes were identified using TEpredict and prediction tools from the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. A total of 159 subjects, including 61 patients with pulmonary TB, 38 patients with no TB and 55 healthy donors, were recruited and analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. The ELISpot assay using Rv2351c to detect TB infection, as compared with bacteriological tests as the gold standard, had a sensitivity and specificity of 61.4% (35/57) and 91.4% (85/93), respectively. The ELISpot assay using Rv2351c had a good conformance (κ=0.554) as compared with the bacteriological test. Rv2351c also elicited a potent cellular immune response with a high expression of cytokines (IFN-γ (4978±596.7 μg/mL) and IL-4 (68.3±15.5 μg/mL)) and a potent humoral immune response with a high concentration of IgG (1:2.2 × 106), IgG1 (1:4.5 × 105) and IgG2a (1:1.6 × 106) in immunized BALB/c mice. In addition, the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 indicated that Rv2351c induced cellular immunity in the mice. The results of this study indicated that Rv2351c is an antigen with good immunogenicity that may potentially be used to develop diagnostic techniques and new TB vaccines.
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Idiotypic Antifungal Vaccination: Immunoprotection by Antiidiotypic Antibiotic Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28584986 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7104-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
As implied by the idiotypic network theory, the interaction between the functional epitope of a microbicidal molecule (X) and its specific cell-wall receptor (RX) on sensitive microorganisms may be imaged by the bond between the idiotype (Id) of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (anti-X Ab) and its anti-idiotype (anti-Id) X-like Ab (anti-anti-X Ab). Consequently, anti-X Ab Id may mimic RX acting as a vaccine (idiotypic vaccination) for the elicitation of protective anti-Id Abs with antibiotic activity (antibiobodies).
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Posch W, Steger M, Wilflingseder D, Lass-Flörl C. Promising immunotherapy against fungal diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:861-870. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1322576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Posch
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Steger
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Prados-Rosales R, Carreño L, Cheng T, Blanc C, Weinrick B, Malek A, Lowary TL, Baena A, Joe M, Bai Y, Kalscheuer R, Batista-Gonzalez A, Saavedra NA, Sampedro L, Tomás J, Anguita J, Hung SC, Tripathi A, Xu J, Glatman-Freedman A, Jacobs WR, Chan J, Porcelli SA, Achkar JM, Casadevall A. Enhanced control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis extrapulmonary dissemination in mice by an arabinomannan-protein conjugate vaccine. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006250. [PMID: 28278283 PMCID: PMC5360349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are a dozen or so of new vaccine candidates in clinical trials for prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and each formulation attempts to elicit protection by enhancement of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). In contrast, most approved vaccines against other bacterial pathogens are believed to mediate protection by eliciting antibody responses. However, it has been difficult to apply this formula to TB because of the difficulty in reliably eliciting protective antibodies. Here, we developed capsular polysaccharide conjugates by linking mycobacterial capsular arabinomannan (AM) to either Mtb Ag85b or B. anthracis protective antigen (PA). Further, we studied their immunogenicity by ELISA and AM glycan microarrays and protection efficacy in mice. Immunization with either Abg85b-AM or PA-AM conjugates elicited an AM-specific antibody response in mice. AM binding antibodies stimulated transcriptional changes in Mtb. Sera from AM conjugate immunized mice reacted against a broad spectrum of AM structural variants and specifically recognized arabinan fragments. Conjugate vaccine immunized mice infected with Mtb had lower bacterial numbers in lungs and spleen, and lived longer than control mice. These findings provide additional evidence that humoral immunity can contribute to protection against Mtb. Vaccine design in the TB field has been driven by the imperative of attempting to elicit strong cell-mediated responses. However, in recent decades evidence has accumulated that humoral immunity can protect against many intracellular pathogens through numerous mechanisms. In this work, we demonstrate that immunization with mycobacterial capsular arabinomannan (AM) conjugates elicited responses that contributed to protection against Mtb infection. We developed two different conjugates including capsular AM linked to the Mtb related protein Ag85b or the Mtb unrelated PA from B. anthracis and found that immunization with AM conjugates elicited antibody populations with different specificities. These surface-specific antibodies could directly modify the transcriptional profile and metabolism of mycobacteria. In addition, we observed a prolonged survival and a reduction in bacterial numbers in lungs and spleen in mice immunized with Ag85b-AM conjugates after infection with Mtb and that the presence of AM-binding antibodies was associated with modest prolongation in survival and a marked reduction in mycobacterial dissemination. Finally, we show that AM is antigenically variable and could potentially form the basis for a serological characterization of mycobacteria based on serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Leandro Carreño
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Caroline Blanc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Brian Weinrick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Adel Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andres Baena
- Grupo de Inmunologia Celular e inmunogenetica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maju Joe
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yu Bai
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ana Batista-Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Noemi A. Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | | | - Julen Tomás
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ashish Tripathi
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiayong Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Family and Community Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Williams R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - John Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Abstract
The chapter reviews methods utilized for the isolation and characterization of a promising immunogen candidate, aiming at a human vaccine against paracoccidioidomycosis. Peptide P10 carries a T-CD4+ epitope and was identified as an internal sequence of the major diagnostic antigen known as gp43 glycoprotein. It successfully treated massive intratracheal infections by virulent Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in combination with chemotherapy.An introduction about the systemic mycosis was found essential to understand the various options that were considered to design prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine protocols using peptide P10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Taborda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology IMTSP/LIM53/HCFMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 8th floor, São Paulo, 04021-001, Brazil.
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Qin W, Wang L, Zhai R, Ma Q, Liu J, Bao C, Sun D, Zhang H, Sun C, Feng X, Gu J, Du C, Han W, Langford PR, Lei L. Apa2H1, the first head domain of Apa2 trimeric autotransporter adhesin, activates mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and immunization with Apa2H1 protects against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection. Mol Immunol 2016; 81:108-117. [PMID: 27940254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative pathogen of porcine pleuropneumonia, which results in large economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. There are, however, no effective subunit vaccines are available in the market owing to the various serotypes and the absence of cross-protection against this pathogen. Therefore, the selection of protective components is of great significance for vaccine development. We previously showed that trimeric autotransporter adhesins are important virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae. To determine the potential role in vaccine development of the functional head domain (Apa2H1) of Apa2, a trimeric autotransporter adhesin found in A. pleuropneumoniae, we obtained nature-like trimeric Apa2H1 using a prokaryotic expression system and co-culture of Apa2H1 with bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro resulted in maturation of BMDCs, characterised by the up-regulation of CD83, MHC-II, CCR7, ICAM-I and the increased expression of factors related to B lymphoid cells stimulation, such as proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and B cell activating factor (BAFF). The in vivo results showed that vaccination with Apa2H1 resulted in the robust production of antigen-specific antibodies, modestly induced mixed Th1 and Th2 immunity, impaired bacterial colonization and dissemination, and improved mouse survival rates. This study is the first to show that Apa2H1 is antigenic and can be used as a component of a subunit vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae infection, providing valuable reference material for the development of an effective vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Ruidong Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Diangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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Jacobs AJ, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, McShane H, Wilkinson RJ. Antibodies and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101:102-113. [PMID: 27865379 PMCID: PMC5120988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem internationally, causing 9.6 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths worldwide in 2014. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine is the only licensed vaccine against TB, but its protective effect does not extend to controlling the development of infectious pulmonary disease in adults. The development of a more effective vaccine against TB is therefore a pressing need for global health. Although it is established that cell-mediated immunity is necessary for the control of latent infection, the presupposition that such immunity is sufficient for vaccine-induced protection has recently been challenged. A greater understanding of protective immunity against TB is required to guide future vaccine strategies against TB. In contrast to cell-mediated immunity, the human antibody response against M.tb is conventionally thought to exert little immune control over the course of infection. Humoral responses are prominent during active TB disease, and have even been postulated to contribute to immunopathology. However, there is evidence to suggest that specific antibodies may limit the dissemination of M.tb, and potentially also play a role in prevention of infection via mucosal immunity. Further, antibodies are now understood to confer protection against a range of intracellular pathogens by modulating immunity via Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis. In this review, we will explore the evidence that antibody-mediated immunity could be reconsidered in the search for new vaccine strategies against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | | | - Gavin R Screaton
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 2AT, United Kingdom
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Jiang X, Yang Y, Zhu L, Gu Y, Shen H, Shan Y, Li X, Wu J, Fang W. Live Streptococcus suis type 5 strain XS045 provides cross-protection against infection by strains of types 2 and 9. Vaccine 2016; 34:6529-6538. [PMID: 27349838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the common pathogens causing diseases in pigs and covers 35 serotypes with the type 2 strains being more pathogenic and zoonotic. Existing inactivated or subunit vaccines, in clinical use or under trial, could not provide cross protection against other serotypes. We identified a natural low-virulence S. suis type 5 strain XS045 as a live vaccine candidate because it is highly adhesive to the cultured HEp-2 cells, but with no apparent pathogenicity in mice and piglets. We further demonstrate that subcutaneous administration of the live XS045 strain to mice induced high antibody responses and was able to provide cross protection against challenges by a type 2 strain HA9801 (100% protection) and a type 9 strain JX13 (85% protection). Induction of high-titer antibodies with opsonizing activity as well as their cross-reactivity to surface proteins of the types 2 and 9 strains and anti-adhesion effect could be the mechanisms of cross protection. This is the first report that a live vaccine candidate S. suis type 5 strain could induce cross-protection against strains of types 2 and 9. This candidate strain is to be further examined for safety in pigs of different ages and breeds as well as for its protection against other serotypes or other strains of the type 2, a serotype of particular importance from public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lexin Zhu
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanxing Gu
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongxia Shen
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiusheng Wu
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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48
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LRRK1 is critical in the regulation of B-cell responses and CARMA1-dependent NF-κB activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25738. [PMID: 27166870 PMCID: PMC4863158 DOI: 10.1038/srep25738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in B-cell activation and humoral immunity. In this study, we discovered a critical function of leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) in BCR-mediated immune responses. Lrrk1−/− mice exhibited altered B1a-cell development and basal immunoglobulin production. In addition, these mice failed to produce IgG3 antibody in response to T cell–independent type 2 antigen due to defects in IgG3 class-switch recombination. Concomitantly, B cells lacking LRRK1 exhibited a profound defect in proliferation and survival upon BCR stimulation, which correlated with impaired BCR-mediated NF-κB activation and reduced expression of NF-κB target genes including Bcl-xL, cyclin D2, and NFATc1/αA. Furthermore, LRRK1 physically interacted and potently synergized with CARMA1 to enhance NF-κB activation. Our results reveal a critical role of LRRK1 in NF-κB signaling in B cells and the humoral immune response.
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49
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Bottero D, Gaillard ME, Zurita E, Moreno G, Martinez DS, Bartel E, Bravo S, Carriquiriborde F, Errea A, Castuma C, Rumbo M, Hozbor D. Characterization of the immune response induced by pertussis OMVs-based vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:3303-9. [PMID: 27151884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For the development of a third generation of pertussis vaccine that could improve the control of the disease, it was proposed that the immune responses induced by the classic whole cell vaccine (wP) or after infection should be used as a reference point. We have recently identified a vaccine candidate based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from the disease etiologic agent that have been shown to be safe and protective in mice model of infection. Here we characterized OMVs-mediated immunity and the safety of our new candidate. We also deepen the knowledge of the induced humoral response contribution in pertussis protection. Regarding the safety of the OMVs based vaccine (TdapOMVsBp,) the in vitro whole blood human assay here performed, showed that the low toxicity of OMVs-based vaccine previously detected in mice could be extended to human samples. Stimulation of splenocytes from immunized mice evidenced the presence of IFN-γ and IL-17-producing cells, indicated that OMVs induces both Th1 and Th17 response. Interestingly TdapOMVsBp-raised antibodies such as those induced by wP and commercial acellular vaccines (aP) which contribute to induce protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. As occurs with wP-induced antibodies, the TdapOMVsBp-induced serum antibodies efficiently opsonized B. pertussis. All the data here obtained shows that OMVs based vaccine is able to induce Th1/Th17 and Th2 mixed profile with robust humoral response involved in protection, positioning this candidate among the different possibilities to constitute the third generation of anti-pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M E Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - E Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - G Moreno
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Sabater Martinez
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - E Bartel
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Bravo
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - F Carriquiriborde
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Errea
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Castuma
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Courbet A, Endy D, Renard E, Molina F, Bonnet J. Detection of pathological biomarkers in human clinical samples via amplifying genetic switches and logic gates. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:289ra83. [PMID: 26019219 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell biosensors have several advantages for the detection of biological substances and have proven to be useful analytical tools. However, several hurdles have limited whole-cell biosensor application in the clinic, primarily their unreliable operation in complex media and low signal-to-noise ratio. We report that bacterial biosensors with genetically encoded digital amplifying genetic switches can detect clinically relevant biomarkers in human urine and serum. These bactosensors perform signal digitization and amplification, multiplexed signal processing with the use of Boolean logic gates, and data storage. In addition, we provide a framework with which to quantify whole-cell biosensor robustness in clinical samples together with a method for easily reprogramming the sensor module for distinct medical detection agendas. Last, we demonstrate that bactosensors can be used to detect pathological glycosuria in urine from diabetic patients. These next-generation whole-cell biosensors with improved computing and amplification capacity could meet clinical requirements and should enable new approaches for medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Courbet
- Sys2Diag FRE3690-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Drew Endy
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric Renard
- Sys2Diag FRE3690-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, 34090 Montpellier, France. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital; INSERM 1411 Clinical Investigation Center; Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France. Centre de Biochimie Structurale, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, University of Montpellier, 29 Rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Molina
- Sys2Diag FRE3690-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jérôme Bonnet
- Sys2Diag FRE3690-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, 34090 Montpellier, France. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital; INSERM 1411 Clinical Investigation Center; Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France. Centre de Biochimie Structurale, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, University of Montpellier, 29 Rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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