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Pang B, Wu L, Peng Y. In vitro modelling of the neurovascular unit for ischemic stroke research: Emphasis on human cell applications and 3D model design. Exp Neurol 2024; 381:114942. [PMID: 39222766 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has garnered global medical attention as one of the most serious cerebrovascular diseases. The mechanisms involved in both the development and recovery phases of ischemic stroke are complex, involving intricate interactions among different types of cells, each with its own unique functions. To better understand the possible pathogenesis, neurovascular unit (NVU), a concept comprising neurons, endothelial cells, mural cells, glial cells, and extracellular matrix components, has been used in analysing various brain diseases, particularly in ischemic stroke, aiming to depict the interactions between cerebral vasculature and neural cells. While in vivo models often face limitations in terms of reproducibility and the ability to precisely mimic human pathophysiology, it is now important to establish in vitro NVU models for ischemic stroke research. In order to accurately portray the pathological processes occurring within the brain, a diverse array of NVU 2D and 3D in vitro models, each possessing unique characteristics and advantages, have been meticulously developed. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in in vitro models specifically tailored for investigating ischemic stroke. Through a systematic categorization of these developments, we elucidate the intricate links between NVU components and the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we explore the distinct advantages offered by innovative NVU models, notably 3D models, which closely emulate in vivo conditions. Additionally, an examination of current therapeutic modalities for ischemic stroke developed utilizing in vitro NVU models is provided. Serving as a valuable reference, this review aids in the design and implementation of effective in vitro models for ischemic stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Babalola JA, Stracke A, Loeffler T, Schilcher I, Sideromenos S, Flunkert S, Neddens J, Lignell A, Prokesch M, Pazenboeck U, Strobl H, Tadic J, Leitinger G, Lass A, Hutter-Paier B, Hoefler G. Effect of astaxanthin in type-2 diabetes -induced APPxhQC transgenic and NTG mice. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101959. [PMID: 38763496 PMCID: PMC11153249 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aggregation and misfolding of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins, suggested to arise from post-translational modification processes, are thought to be the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, a plethora of evidence exists that links metabolic dysfunctions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidemia to the pathogenesis of AD. We thus investigated the combinatory effect of T2D and human glutaminyl cyclase activity (pyroglutamylation), on the pathology of AD and whether astaxanthin (ASX) treatment ameliorates accompanying pathophysiological manifestations. METHODS Male transgenic AD mice, APPxhQC, expressing human APP751 with the Swedish and the London mutation and human glutaminyl cyclase (hQC) enzyme and their non-transgenic (NTG) littermates were used. Both APPxhQC and NTG mice were allocated to 3 groups, control, T2D-control, and T2D-ASX. Mice were fed control or high fat diet ± ASX for 13 weeks starting at an age of 11-12 months. High fat diet fed mice were further treated with streptozocin for T2D induction. Effects of genotype, T2D induction, and ASX treatment were evaluated by analysing glycemic readouts, lipid concentration, Aβ deposition, hippocampus-dependent cognitive function and nutrient sensing using immunosorbent assay, ELISA-based assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and behavioral testing via Morris water maze (MWM), respectively. RESULTS APPxhQC mice presented a higher glucose sensitivity compared to NTG mice. T2D-induced brain dysfunction was more severe in NTG compared to the APPxhQC mice. T2D induction impaired memory functions while increasing hepatic LC3B, ABCA1, and p65 levels in NTG mice. T2D induction resulted in a progressive shift of Aβ from the soluble to insoluble form in APPxhQC mice. ASX treatment reversed T2D-induced memory dysfunction in NTG mice and in parallel increased hepatic pAKT while decreasing p65 and increasing cerebral p-S6rp and p65 levels. ASX treatment reduced soluble Aβ38 and Aβ40 and insoluble Aβ40 levels in T2D-induced APPxhQC mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that T2D induction in APPxhQC mice poses additional risk for AD pathology as seen by increased Aβ deposition. Although ASX treatment reduced Aβ expression in T2D-induced APPxhQC mice and rescued T2D-induced memory impairment in NTG mice, ASX treatment alone may not be effective in cases of T2D comorbidity and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika Stracke
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Spyridon Sideromenos
- QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ute Pazenboeck
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Wang R, Liu X, Sun C, Hu B, Yang L, Liu Y, Geng D, Lin J, Li Y. Altered Neurovascular Coupling in Patients With Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS): A Combined Resting-State fMRI and Arterial Spin Labeling Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:327-336. [PMID: 37795920 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coupling between neuronal activity and blood perfusion is termed neurovascular coupling (NVC), and it provides a potentially new mechanistic perspective into understanding numerous brain diseases. Although abnormal brain activity and blood supply have been separately reported in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), whether anomalous NVC would be present is unclear. PURPOSE To investigate NVC changes and potential neural basis in MELAS by combining resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL). STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Twenty-four patients with MELAS (age: 29.8 ± 7.3 years) in the acute stage and 24 healthy controls (HCs, age: 26.4 ± 8.1 years). Additionally, 12 patients in the chronic stage were followed up. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T, resting-state gradient-recalled echo-planar imaging and pseudo-continuous 3D ASL sequences. ASSESSMENT Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity strength (FCS) were calculated from rs-fMRI, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was computed from ASL. Global NVC was assessed by correlation coefficients of CBF-ALFF, CBF-fALFF, CBF-ReHo, and CBF-FCS. Regional NVC was also evaluated by voxel-wise and lesion-wise ratios of CBF/ALFF, CBF/fALFF, CBF/ReHo, and CBF/FCS. STATISTICAL TESTS Two-sample t-test, paired-sample t-test, Gaussian random fields correction. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared with HC, MELAS patients in acute stage showed significantly reduced global CBF-ALFF, CBF-fALFF, CBF-ReHo, and CBF-FCS coupling (P < 0.001). Altered CBF/ALFF, CBF/fALFF, CBF/ReHo, and CBF/FCS ratios were found mainly distributed in the middle cerebral artery territory in MELAS patients. In addition, significantly increased NVC ratios were found in the acute stroke-like lesions in acute stage (P < 0.001), with a recovery trend in chronic stage. DATA CONCLUSIONS This study showed dynamic alterations in NVC in MELAS patients from acute to chronic stage, which may provide a novel insight for understanding the pathogenesis of MELAS. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Liu
- Luhang High School, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoying Geng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shippy DC, Oliai SF, Ulland TK. Zinc utilization by microglia in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107306. [PMID: 38648940 PMCID: PMC11103939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia defined by two key pathological characteristics in the brain, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), provide neuroprotection through Aβ and tau clearance but may also be neurotoxic by promoting neuroinflammation to exacerbate Aβ and tau pathogenesis in AD. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of microglial utilization of nutrients and trace metals in controlling their activation and effector functions. Trace metals, such as zinc, have essential roles in brain health and immunity, and zinc dyshomeostasis has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. As a result of these advances, the mechanisms by which zinc homeostasis influences microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in AD is a topic of continuing interest since new strategies to treat AD are needed. Here, we review the roles of zinc in AD, including zinc activation of microglia, the associated neuroinflammatory response, and the application of these findings in new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sophia F Oliai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Hu Z, Li Z, Shi Y, Liu S, Shen Y, Hu F, Li Q, Liu X, Gou X, Chen Z, Yang D. Advancements in investigating the role of cerebral small vein loss in Alzheimer's disease-related pathological changes. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1875-1883. [PMID: 38133856 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the prevailing type of dementia in the elderly, yet a comprehensive comprehension of its precise underlying mechanisms remains elusive. The investigation of the involvement of cerebral small veins in the advancement of AD has yet to be sufficiently explored in previous studies, primarily due to constraints associated with pathological staining techniques. However, recent research has provided valuable insights into multiple pathophysiological occurrences concerning cerebral small veins in AD, which may manifest sequentially, concurrently, or in a self-perpetuating manner. These events are presumed to be among the initial processes in the disease's progression. The impact of cerebral small vein loss on amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance through the glial lymphatic system is noteworthy. There exists a potential interdependence between collagen deposition and Aβ deposition in cerebral small veins. The compromised functionality of cerebral small veins can result in decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, potentially leading to cerebral tissue ischemia and edema. Additionally, the reduction of cerebral small veins may facilitate the infiltration of inflammatory factors into the brain parenchyma, thereby eliciting neuroinflammatory responses. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a valuable modality for the efficient assessment of cerebral small veins, precisely the deep medullary vein (DMV), and holds promise for the identification of precise and reliable imaging biomarkers for AD. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current advancements and obstacles to the impairment of cerebral small veins in AD. Additionally, we emphasize future research avenues and the importance of conducting further investigations in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Zhaoying Li
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Yuling Shen
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Gou
- Department of Neurology, Guang'an People's Hospital, Guang'an, 638001, China
| | - Zhenwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610032, China.
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Kim J, Yang Y. Alterations in cognitive function and blood biomarkers following transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with amyloid positron emission tomography-positive Alzheimer's disease: a preliminary study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1327886. [PMID: 38178837 PMCID: PMC10765986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1327886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline. To address this, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study to investigate the therapeutic potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on patients with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET)- positive AD. Methods Participants already undergoing pharmacological treatment and testing positive for amyloid PET were divided into Active-tDCS (n = 8) and Sham-tDCS (n = 8) groups. For 12 weeks, participants or their caregivers administered daily bi-frontal tDCS (YMS-201B+, Ybrain Inc., Seongnam, Korea) at home (2 mA, 30 min). Pre- and post-intervention assessments included neuropsychological tests and blood sample measurements for oligomerized beta-amyloid. Results The Active-tDCS group demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive domains such as language abilities, verbal memory, and attention span and in frontal lobe functions compared to the Sham-tDCS group. Furthermore, the Active-tDCS group showed a marked reduction in post-intervention plasma Aβ oligomerization tendency level, suggesting changes in pivotal AD-associated biomarkers. Discussion Our results emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of tDCS for mild AD patients with amyloid PET positivity and stress the urgency for broader research, considering the global challenges of dementia and the need to pursue innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinuk Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Babalola JA, Lang M, George M, Stracke A, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Itxaso I, Lucija D, Tadic J, Schilcher I, Loeffler T, Flunkert S, Prokesch M, Leitinger G, Lass A, Hutter-Paier B, Panzenboeck U, Hoefler G. Astaxanthin enhances autophagy, amyloid beta clearance and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease-related blood brain barrier dysfunction and inflammation. Brain Res 2023; 1819:148518. [PMID: 37579986 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Defective degradation and clearance of amyloid-β as well as inflammation per se are crucial players in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A defective transport across the blood-brain barrier is causative for amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain, provoking amyloid plaque formation. Using primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells and murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures as in vitro models of AD, we investigated the effects of the antioxidant astaxanthin (ASX) on Aβ clearance and neuroinflammation. We report that ASX enhanced the clearance of misfolded proteins in primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells by inducing autophagy and altered the Aβ processing pathway. We observed a reduction in the expression levels of intracellular and secreted amyloid precursor protein/Aβ accompanied by an increase in ABC transporters ABCA1, ABCG1 as well as low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 mRNA levels. Furthermore, ASX treatment increased autophagic flux as evidenced by increased lipidation of LC3B-II as well as reduced protein expression of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein and mTOR. In LPS-stimulated brain slices, ASX exerted anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines while shifting microglia polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. Our data suggest ASX as potential therapeutic compound ameliorating AD-related blood brain barrier impairment and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Lang
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Meekha George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Anika Stracke
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerd Leitinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Ute Panzenboeck
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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Suematsu Y, Nagoshi N, Shinozaki M, Kase Y, Saijo Y, Hashimoto S, Shibata T, Kajikawa K, Kamata Y, Ozaki M, Yasutake K, Shindo T, Shibata S, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. Hepatocyte growth factor pretreatment boosts functional recovery after spinal cord injury through human iPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:50. [PMID: 37845736 PMCID: PMC10577910 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cell (hiPSC-NS/PC)-based cell transplantation has emerged as a groundbreaking method for replacing damaged neural cells and stimulating functional recovery, but its efficacy is strongly influenced by the state of the injured spinal microenvironment. This study evaluates the impact of a dual therapeutic intervention utilizing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation on motor function restoration following spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Severe contusive SCI was induced in immunocompromised rats, followed by continuous administration of recombinant human HGF protein into the subarachnoid space immediately after SCI for two weeks. Acute-phase histological and RNA sequencing analyses were conducted. Nine days after the injury, hiPSC-NS/PCs were transplanted into the lesion epicenter of the injured spinal cord, and the functional and histological outcomes were determined. RESULTS The acute-phase HGF-treated group exhibited vascularization, diverse anti-inflammatory effects, and activation of endogenous neural stem cells after SCI, which collectively contributed to tissue preservation. Following cell transplantation into a favorable environment, the transplanted NS/PCs survived well, facilitating remyelination and neuronal regeneration in host tissues. These comprehensive effects led to substantial enhancements in motor function in the dual-therapy group compared to the single-treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the combined therapeutic approach of HGF preconditioning and hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation enhances locomotor functional recovery post-SCI, highlighting a highly promising therapeutic strategy for acute to subacute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Suematsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kase
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutukake-Cho, Toyoake-Shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Kajikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasutake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Kim SY, Kim YJ, Cho SY, Lee HG, Kwon S, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM, Cho KH, Ko CN. Efficacy of Artemisia annua Linné in improving cognitive impairment in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced vascular dementia animal model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154683. [PMID: 36738479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Currently, no FDA-approved drugs are available for the treatment of VaD. Artemisia annua Linné (AA) is known to have antioxidant properties, but its effects and mechanisms of action on cognitive impairment are still unknown. PURPOSE In this study, the improvement in cognitive impairment by AA in terms of protection against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and preservation of the integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) was assessed in an animal model of VaD with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were allowed to adapt for four weeks, and BCCAO was induced at 12 weeks of age. The rats were randomly assigned into four groups, with seven rats in each group: sham group without BCCAO, VaD group that received oral administration of distilled water after BCCAO surgery, and two AA groups that received oral administration of 150 mg/kg or 750 mg/kg AA after BCCAO surgery for 8 weeks. Nine weeks after BCCAO surgery, the cognitive function of the rats was evaluated and accumulated oxidative stress was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Damage to the components of the NVU was evaluated, and sirtuin (Sirt) 1 and 2 expression and nuclear factor-erythrocyte 2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) activation were investigated to assess the reduction in cell signaling and antioxidant pathways. RESULTS BCCAO-induced cerebral perfusion decreased memory function and induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. But AA treatment mitigated cognitive impairment and reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. AA extracts activated the Nrf2/Keap1/activating antioxidant response elements pathway and maintained Sirt 1 and 2, subsequently leading to the maintenance of neurons, improved construct of microvessels, increased platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 associated with the blood-brain barrier integrity. CONCLUSION AA is effective in alleviating BCCAO-induced cognitive decline and its administration may be a useful therapeutic approach for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Stroke and Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyul Lee
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Stroke and Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Stroke and Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Stroke and Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Wei WJ, Wang YC, Guan X, Chen WG, Liu J. A neurovascular unit-on-a-chip: culture and differentiation of human neural stem cells in a three-dimensional microfluidic environment. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2260-2266. [PMID: 35259847 PMCID: PMC9083144 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.337050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological studies typically rely on a simple monolayer cell culture, which does not reflect the complex functional characteristics of human tissues and organs, or their real response to external stimuli. Microfluidic technology has advantages of high-throughput screening, accurate control of the fluid velocity, low cell consumption, long-term culture, and high integration. By combining the multipotential differentiation of neural stem cells with high throughput and the integrated characteristics of microfluidic technology, an in vitro model of a functionalized neurovascular unit was established using human neural stem cell-derived neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and a functional microvascular barrier. The model comprises a multi-layer vertical neural module and vascular module, both of which were connected with a syringe pump. This provides controllable conditions for cell inoculation and nutrient supply, and simultaneously simulates the process of ischemic/hypoxic injury and the process of inflammatory factors in the circulatory system passing through the blood-brain barrier and then acting on the nerve tissue in the brain. The in vitro functionalized neurovascular unit model will be conducive to central nervous system disease research, drug screening, and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wei
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya-Chen Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Gong Chen
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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11
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Naranjo O, Osborne O, Torices S, Toborek M. In Vivo Targeting of the Neurovascular Unit: Challenges and Advancements. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2131-2146. [PMID: 34086179 PMCID: PMC9056891 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Functions of the BBB are performed by the neurovascular unit (NVU), which consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, basement membrane, and neurons. NVU cells interact closely and together are responsible for neurovascular coupling, BBB integrity, and transendothelial fluid transport. Studies have shown that NVU dysfunction is implicated in several acute and chronic neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The mechanisms of NVU disruption remain poorly understood, partially due to difficulties in selective targeting of NVU cells. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of available protein markers and drivers of the NVU along with recent advancements that have been made in the field to increase efficiency and specificity of NVU research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Olivia Osborne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Gautier Bldg., Room 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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12
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Milutinovic B, Singh AK. Editorial: Cognitive Impairment and Peripheral Neuropathy From Chemotherapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:962889. [PMID: 35911961 PMCID: PMC9335282 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Milutinovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Bojana Milutinovic,
| | - Anand Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Symptom Research Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Luo Y, Yang H, Yan X, Wu Y, Wei G, Wu X, Tian X, Xiong Y, Wu G, Wen H. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Alleviates Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Mice With Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:857415. [PMID: 35493946 PMCID: PMC9047023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.857415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons, glial cells and blood vessels are collectively referred to as the neurovascular unit (NVU). In the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, the main components of the NVU undergo pathological changes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can protect neurons, induce changes in glial cells, regulate cerebral blood flow, and exert long-term neuroprotection. However, the mechanism by which tDCS improves NVU function is unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of tDCS on the NVU in mice with preclinical AD and the related mechanisms. 10 sessions of tDCS were given to six-month-old male APP/PS1 mice in the preclinical stage. The model group, sham stimulation group, and control group were made up of APP/PS1 mice and C57 mice of the same age. All mice were histologically evaluated two months after receiving tDCS. Protein content was measured using Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The link between glial cells and blood vessels was studied using immunofluorescence staining and lectin staining. The results showed that tDCS affected the metabolism of Aβ; the levels of Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and BACE1 were significantly reduced, and the levels of ADAM10 were significantly increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in the stimulation group. In the stimulation group, tDCS reduced the protein levels of Iba1 and GFAP and increased the protein levels of NeuN, LRP1 and PDGRFβ. This suggests that tDCS can improve NVU function in APP/PS1 mice in the preclinical stage. Increased blood vessel density and blood vessel length, decreased IgG extravasation, and increased the protein levels of occludin and coverage of astrocyte foot processes with blood vessels suggested that tDCS had a protective effect on the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, the increased numbers of Vimentin, S100 expression and blood vessels (lectin-positive) around Aβ indicated that the effect of tDCS was mediated by astrocytes and blood vessels. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the model group and the sham stimulation group. In conclusion, our results show that tDCS can improve NVU function in APP/PS1 mice in the preclinical stage, providing further support for the use of tDCS as a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpei Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoliang Wei
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelong Tian
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Guangyan Wu,
| | - Huizhong Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huizhong Wen,
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14
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Xi YD, Chi YF, Han J, Li HR, Wang XY, Wang X, Li TT, Yu HY, Xiao R. Keap1 as Target of Genistein on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Antagonizing Aβ induced Oxidative Damage of Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:73-82. [PMID: 35388754 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220406100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) induced oxidative damage contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular system is more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Our earlier study showed a clue that Genistein (Gen) might activate Nf-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to protect cerebrovascular cells from oxidative damage induced by Aβ, but the specific mechanisms and regulation targets are unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, the anti-oxidative effects and the possible targets of Gen on regulating Nrf2 pathway in bEnd.3 cells were investigated. Cells were divided into control, Aβ25-35, Gen and Gen+Aβ25-35 groups. METHODS Cell viability, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and nitrotyrosine were evaluated. Moreover, mRNA and/or protein expressions of Nrf2 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were measured. Then we transfected Keap1 over-expressed plasmid into bEnd.3 cells and measured the protein expressions of Nrf2 pathway related factors. Data showed that Gen could inhibit the over-production of MDA and nitrotyrosine and activate SOD activity. Besides we got the phenomenon that Gen could up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and down-regulate Keap1 protein expression, the Keap1 over-expressed plasmid study indicated that the up-regulation of Nrf2 protein expression induced by pretreatment of Gen could be blocked by the transfection of Keap1 over-expressed plasmid, and the same results also occurred in Nrf2 downstream factors. CONCLUSION Gen could alleviate the cerebrovascular cells oxidative damage induced by Aβ25-35 through regulating Nrf2 pathway, and Keap1 might be one of the targets of Gen on activating Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Di Xi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ya-Fei Chi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xian-Yun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian-Tian Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui-Yan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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15
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Groves T, Corley C, Byrum SD, Allen AR. The Effects of 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Chemotherapy on Cognitive Function in Male Mice. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:762116. [PMID: 34778377 PMCID: PMC8581634 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.762116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) and leucovorin (LV) are often given in combination to treat colorectal cancer. 5-Fu/LV prevents cell proliferation by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate. While 5-Fu has been shown to cause cognitive impairment, the synergistic effect of 5-Fu with LV has not been fully explored. The present investigation was designed to assess how the combination of 5-Fu and LV affect cognition in a murine model. Six-month-old male mice were used in this study; 15 mice received saline injections and 15 mice received 5-Fu/LV injections. One month after treatment, the elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze behavioral tasks were performed. Brains were then extracted, cryosectioned, and stained for CD68 to assay microglial activation and with tomato lectin to assay the vasculature. All animals were able to locate the visible and hidden platform locations in the water maze. However, a significant impairment in spatial memory retention was observed in the probe trial after the first day of hidden-platform training (first probe trial) in animals that received 5-Fu/LV, but these animals showed spatial memory retention by day 5. There were no significant increases in inflammation as measured by CD68, but 5-Fu/LV treatment did modulate blood vessel morphology. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis identified 6,049 proteins, 7 of which were differentially expressed with a p-value of <0.05 and a fold change of >1.5. The present data demonstrate that 5-Fu/LV increases anxiety and significantly impairs spatial memory retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Groves
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christa Corley
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Antiño R Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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16
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Samal J, Segura T. Injectable biomaterial shuttles for cell therapy in stroke. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:25-42. [PMID: 34391821 PMCID: PMC8524625 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability and contributes to a significant socio-economic cost in the western world. Brain repair strategies investigated in the pre-clinical models include the delivery of drug or cell-based therapeutics; which is hindered by the complex anatomy and functional organization of the brain. Biomaterials can be instrumental in alleviating some of these challenges by providing a structural support, localization, immunomodulation and/or modulating cellular cross-talk in the brain. This review addresses the significance of and challenges associated with cell therapy in an ischemic brain. This is followed by a detailed insight into the biomaterial-based delivery systems which have been designed to provide sustained trophic factor delivery for endogenous repair and to support transplanted cell survival and integration. A biomaterial intervention uses a multifaceted approach in enhancing the survival and engraftment of cells during transplantation and this has driven them as potential candidates for the treatment of IS. The biological processes that are activated as a response to the biomaterials and how to modulate them is one of the key factors contributing to the success of the biomaterial-based therapeutic approach. Future perspectives highlight the need of a combinative approach of merging the material design with disease biology to fabricate effective biomaterial-based intervention of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 534 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 534 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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17
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Szu JI, Obenaus A. Cerebrovascular phenotypes in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1821-1841. [PMID: 33557692 PMCID: PMC8327123 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21992462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological degenerative disorder and is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Clinically, AD manifests with memory and cognitive decline associated with deposition of hallmark amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although the mechanisms underlying AD remains unclear, two hypotheses have been proposed. The established amyloid hypothesis states that Aβ accumulation is the basis of AD and leads to formation of NFTs. In contrast, the two-hit vascular hypothesis suggests that early vascular damage leads to increased accumulation of Aβ deposits in the brain. Multiple studies have reported significant morphological changes of the cerebrovasculature which can result in severe functional deficits. In this review, we delve into known structural and functional vascular alterations in various mouse models of AD and the cellular and molecular constituents that influence these changes to further disease progression. Many studies shed light on the direct impact of Aβ on the cerebrovasculature and how it is disrupted during the progression of AD. However, more research directed towards an improved understanding of how the cerebrovasculature is modified over the time course of AD is needed prior to developing future interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny I Szu
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - André Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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18
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Obesity, Vascular Disease and Frailty in Aging Women with HIV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 3. [PMID: 34368807 PMCID: PMC8345026 DOI: 10.20900/agmr20210014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Women with chronic HIV infection (WWH) living in the United States,
experience a disproportionately high rate of obesity compared to uninfected
populations. Both overweight and obesity, particularly central obesity, are
major contributors to insulin resistance, hypertension, and
dyslipidemia—the major components of metabolic syndromes, including type
2 diabetes, and leading to increased cardiovascular risk, including coronary
heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. Notably, declining physical
performance and frailty co-occur with vascular morbidities as well as changes in
bone. These factors tend to exacerbate each other and accelerate the aging
trajectory, leading to poorer quality of life, cognitive impairments, dementia,
and eventually, death. In WWH, persistent HIV infection, sustained treatment for
HIV infection, and concomitant obesity, may accelerate aging-related morbidities
and poorer aging outcomes. Furthermore, health disparities factors common among
some WWH, are independently associated with obesity and higher vascular risk.
The purpose of this review is to describe the constellation of obesity, cardio-
and cerebrovascular diseases, bone health and frailty among aging WWH, a 21st
century emergence.
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19
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Li Y, Kim J, Simpson D, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Niemann D, Esene IN, Ahmed A. Difference in imaging biomarkers between transient and permanent neurological deficits after endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular aneurysms. J Neurosurg 2021; 134:1861-1870. [PMID: 32559747 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns192718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The literature suggests that blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) plays a significant role in the development of neurological events in patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) that is negative for lesions. In this prospective, single-center cohort study, the authors compared the imaging characteristics of patients suffering transient neurological events (TNEs) with those in patients suffering permanent neurological events (PNEs) after having undergone elective embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2016 and June 2019. Inclusion criteria were adults undergoing elective neuroendovascular procedures and the absence of contraindications to MRI. All subjects underwent brain MRI including postcontrast FLAIR (pcFLAIR) sequences for evaluation of BBBD within 24 hours postprocedure. RESULTS In total, 128 patients harboring 133 unruptured aneurysms were enrolled, 109 of whom (85.2%) showed some degree of BBBD on pcFLAIR MRI and 50 of whom (39.1%) suffered an ischemic insult per DWI. In total, 23 patients (18%) suffered neurological complications, 16 of which (12.5%) were TNEs and 7 of which (5.5%) were PNEs. The median extent of BBBD was focal in asymptomatic patients as compared to hemispheric and lobar in the TNE and PNE groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification predicted the extent of BBBD (p = 0.046). Lesions on DWI were noted in 34 asymptomatic patients (32.4%) compared to 9 patients (56.3%) with TNEs and all 7 patients (100%) with PNEs (p < 0.001). The median number of DWI lesions was 0 (range 0-18 lesions) in the asymptomatic group compared to 1.5 (range 0-8 lesions) and 8 (range 1-13 lesions) in the TNE and PNE groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Smoking (p = 0.008), older age (p = 0.002), and longer surgery (p = 0.006) were positively associated with the number of lesions on DWI. On multivariate analysis, intraarterial verapamil (p = 0.02, OR 8.01, 95% CI 1.35-47.43) and extent of BBBD (p < 0.001, OR 58.58, 95% CI 9.48-361.84) were positively associated with the development of TNEs, while intravenous infusion of midazolam during surgery (p = 0.02, OR 6.03, 95% CI 1.29-28.20) was negatively associated. An increased number of lesions on DWI was the only significant predictor for the development of PNEs (p < 0.001, OR 49.85, 95% CI 5.56-447.10). CONCLUSIONS An increasing extent of BBBD was associated with the development of TNEs, whereas an increasing number of lesions on DWI was significantly associated with the development of PNEs. BBBD imaging using pcFLAIR may serve as a valuable biomarker for detecting subtle cerebral ischemia and stratifying the risk for ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
| | - Jason Kim
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
| | | | - Beverly Aagaard-Kienitz
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin
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20
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Liu X, Cheng R, Chen L, Gong J, Luo T, Lv F. Altered Neurovascular Coupling in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:598365. [PMID: 34054499 PMCID: PMC8149589 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.598365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) exhibit a high risk of cognitive impairment that might be caused by neurologic deficits and vascular injuries. However, the mechanism remains unknown. In current study, 24 normal controls (NC) and 54 SIVD patients, including 26 SIVD patients with no cognitive impairment (SIVD-NCI) and 28 SIVD patients with mild cognitive impairment (SIVD-MCI) underwent the resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and neuropsychological assessments. We combined regional homogeneity (ReHo) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) by using the global ReHo-CBF correlations coefficient and the ReHo/CBF ratio to detect the inner link between neuronal activity and vascular responses. Correlations between the ReHo/CBF ratio and neuropsychological assessments were explored in patients with SIVD. As a result, we identified significantly decreased global ReHo-CBF coupling in the SIVD-NCI group and SIVD- MCI group with respect to the NC. The SIVD-MCI group showed more serious decoupling of the global ReHo-CBF correlation. We also found a significantly abnormal ReHo/CBF ratio predominantly located in cognitive-related brain regions, including the left insula, right middle temporal gyrus, right precuneus, left precentral gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule but not the supramarginal and angular gyri. The SIVD-MCI group showed more severe disorders of neurovascular coupling than the other two groups. Moreover, the ReHo/CBF ratio in the left precentral gyrus of the SIVD-NCI group exhibited a positive correlation with the MMSE scores. These findings suggested that patients with SIVD show abnormal neurovascular coupling at the early stage of the disease and during disease development. It might be associated with disease severity and cognitive impairment. Neurovascular decoupling in brain may be a possible neuropathological mechanism of SIVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runtian Cheng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Junwei Gong
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyou Luo
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Wang Q, Qu X, Chen W, Wang H, Huang C, Li T, Wang N, Xian J. Altered coupling of cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity strength in visual and higher order cognitive cortices in primary open angle glaucoma. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:901-913. [PMID: 32580669 PMCID: PMC7983497 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20935274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been suggested to be a neurodegenerative disease associated with altered cerebral vascular hemodynamics and widespread disruption of neuronal activity within the visual, working memory, attention and executive networks. We hypothesized that disturbed neurovascular coupling in visual and higher order cognitive cortices exists in POAG patients and correlates with glaucoma stage and visual field defects. Through multimodal magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated the cerebral blood flow (CBF)-functional connectivity strength (FCS) correlations of the whole gray matter and CBF/FCS ratio per voxel for all subjects. Compared with normal controls, POAG patients showed reduced global CBF-FCS coupling and altered CBF/FCS ratios, predominantly in regions in the visual cortex, salience network, default mode network, and dorsal attentional network. The CBF/FCS ratio was negatively correlated with glaucoma stage, and positively correlated with visual field defects in the lingual gyrus in POAG patients. Moreover, early brain changes were detected in early POAG. These findings indicate neurovascular coupling dysfunction might exist in the visual and higher order cognitive cortices in POAG patients and its clinical relevance. The results may contribute to the monitoring of POAG progression and provide insight into the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative process in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Caiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Forcaia G, Formicola B, Terribile G, Negri S, Lim D, Biella G, Re F, Moccia F, Sancini G. Multifunctional Liposomes Modulate Purinergic Receptor-Induced Calcium Wave in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes: New Insights for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2824-2835. [PMID: 33511502 PMCID: PMC8128821 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In light of previous results, we assessed whether liposomes functionalized with ApoE-derived peptide (mApoE) and phosphatidic acid (PA) (mApoE-PA-LIP) impacted on intracellular calcium (Ca2+) dynamics in cultured human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), as an in vitro human blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, and in cultured astrocytes. mApoE-PA-LIP pre-treatment actively increased both the duration and the area under the curve (A.U.C) of the ATP-evoked Ca2+ waves in cultured hCMEC/D3 cells as well as in cultured astrocytes. mApoE-PA-LIP increased the ATP-evoked intracellular Ca2+ waves even under 0 [Ca2+]e conditions, thus indicating that the increased intracellular Ca2+ response to ATP is mainly due to endogenous Ca2+ release. Indeed, when Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity was blocked by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), the extracellular application of ATP failed to trigger any intracellular Ca2+ waves, indicating that metabotropic purinergic receptors (P2Y) are mainly involved in the mApoE-PA-LIP-induced increase of the Ca2+ wave triggered by ATP. In conclusion, mApoE-PA-LIP modulate intracellular Ca2+ dynamics evoked by ATP when SERCA is active through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent (InsP3) endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. Considering that P2Y receptors represent important pharmacological targets to treat cognitive dysfunctions, and that P2Y receptors have neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammatory processes, the enhancement of purinergic signaling provided by mApoE-PA-LIP could counteract Aβ-induced vasoconstriction and reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Our obtained results could give an additional support to promote mApoE-PA-LIP as effective therapeutic tool for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forcaia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Beatrice Formicola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Giulia Terribile
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio, 6-28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy. .,Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
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23
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Differential patterns of parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 49:102780. [PMID: 33508571 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare intraocular microvascular alterations between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). METHODS Sixty patients were included in the study, 23 MS patients (36 eyes) and 37 NMOSD patients (47 eyes), all with a history of optic neuritis (ON). All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, OCT-A, and high-definition-OCT imaging. OCT-A was used to measure the vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus (SRCP and DRCP) in the macular area and the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) segment. Age, spherical equivalent, and gender were adjusted for in the analyses. RESULTS Patients with NMOSD showed significantly decreased vessel density of the SRCP (average, p = 0.0007; superior, p = 0.0009; inferior, p = 0.0002) and RPC segment (average, p < 0.0001; superior, p = 0.0004; inferior, p = 0.0052; temporal, p < 0.0001; nasal, p = 0.0001) compared to the MS patients. Parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density was significantly associated with the OCT parameters in both the MS and NMOSD patients. Parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density in the MS patients was significantly associated with visual function, including visual acuity and visual field defects, whereas only peripapillary vessel density was significantly associated with visual function in the NMOSD patients. CONCLUSION We demonstrated parafoveal and peripapillary vascular alterations between MS and NMOSD patients that varied in degree and pattern. We also found associations between vessel density and structural and functional parameters in MS and NMOSD patients. Further studies are needed to facilitate a greater understanding of the pathogenesis and its association with vascular alterations in these disorders.
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24
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Sharda N, Ahlschwede KM, Curran GL, Lowe VJ, Kandimalla KK. Distinct Uptake Kinetics of Alzheimer Disease Amyloid- β 40 and 42 at the Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelium. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:482-490. [PMID: 33303699 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells lining the cerebral microvasculature maintain dynamic equilibrium between soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in the brain and plasma. The BBB dysfunction prevalent in Alzheimer disease contributes to the dysregulation of plasma and brain Aβ and leads to the perturbation of the ratio between Aβ42 and Aβ40, the two most prevalent Aβ isoforms in patients with Alzheimer disease. We hypothesize that BBB endothelium distinguishes between Aβ40 and Aβ42, distinctly modulates their trafficking kinetics between plasma and brain, and thereby contributes to the maintenance of healthy Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios. To test this hypothesis, we investigated Aβ40 and Aβ42 trafficking kinetics in hCMEC/D3 monolayers (human BBB cell culture model) in vitro as well as in mice in vivo. Although the rates of uptake of fluorescein-labeled Aβ40 and Aβ42 (F-Aβ40 and F-Aβ42) were not significantly different on the abluminal side, the luminal uptake rate of F-Aβ42 was substantially higher than F-Aβ40. Since higher plasma Aβ levels were shown to aggravate BBB dysfunction and trigger cerebrovascular disease, we systematically investigated the dynamic interactions of luminal [125I]Aβ peptides and their trafficking kinetics at BBB using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging in mice. Quantitative modeling of the dynamic imaging data thus obtained showed that the rate of uptake of toxic [125I]Aβ42 and its subsequent BBB transcytosis is significantly higher than [125I]Aβ40. It is likely that the molecular mechanisms underlying these kinetic differences are differentially affected in Alzheimer and cerebrovascular diseases, impact plasma and brain levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42, engender shifts in the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and unleash downstream toxic effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dissecting the binding and uptake kinetics of Aβ40 and Aβ42 at the BBB endothelium will facilitate the estimation of Aβ40 versus Aβ42 exposure to the BBB endothelium and allow assessment of the risk of BBB dysfunction by monitoring Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels in plasma. This knowledge, in turn, will aid in elucidating the role of these predominant Aβ isoforms in aggravating BBB dysfunction and cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (N.S., K.K.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, Illinois (K.M.A.); and Departments of Radiology (G.L.C., V.J.L.) and Neurology (G.L.C., K.K.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kristen M Ahlschwede
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (N.S., K.K.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, Illinois (K.M.A.); and Departments of Radiology (G.L.C., V.J.L.) and Neurology (G.L.C., K.K.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Geoffry L Curran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (N.S., K.K.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, Illinois (K.M.A.); and Departments of Radiology (G.L.C., V.J.L.) and Neurology (G.L.C., K.K.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (N.S., K.K.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, Illinois (K.M.A.); and Departments of Radiology (G.L.C., V.J.L.) and Neurology (G.L.C., K.K.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (N.S., K.K.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, Illinois (K.M.A.); and Departments of Radiology (G.L.C., V.J.L.) and Neurology (G.L.C., K.K.K.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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25
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Sharp PS, Ameen-Ali KE, Boorman L, Harris S, Wharton S, Howarth C, Shabir O, Redgrave P, Berwick J. Neurovascular coupling preserved in a chronic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Methodology is critical. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2289-2303. [PMID: 31760864 PMCID: PMC7585931 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19890830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Impaired neurovascular coupling has been suggested as an early pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which could serve as an early biomarker of cerebral pathology. We have established an anaesthetic regime to allow repeated measurements of neurovascular function over three months in the J20 mouse model of AD (J20-AD) and wild-type (WT) controls. Animals were 9-12 months old at the start of the experiment. Mice were chronically prepared with a cranial window through which 2-Dimensional optical imaging spectroscopy (2D-OIS) was used to generate functional maps of the cerebral blood volume and saturation changes evoked by whisker stimulation and vascular reactivity challenges. Unexpectedly, the hemodynamic responses were largely preserved in the J20-AD group. This result failed to confirm previous investigations using the J20-AD model. However, a final acute electrophysiology and 2D-OIS experiment was performed to measure both neural and hemodynamic responses concurrently. In this experiment, previously reported deficits in neurovascular coupling in the J20-AD model were observed. This suggests that J20-AD mice may be more susceptible to the physiologically stressing conditions of an acute experimental procedure compared to WT animals. These results therefore highlight the importance of experimental procedure when determining the characteristics of animal models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Sharp
- Nanomedicine Lab, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamar E Ameen-Ali
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luke Boorman
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sam Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Wharton
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Clare Howarth
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Osman Shabir
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter Redgrave
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jason Berwick
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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26
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Matin N, Fisher C, Lansdell TA, Hammock BD, Yang J, Jackson WF, Dorrance AM. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition improves cognitive function and parenchymal artery dilation in a hypertensive model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Microcirculation 2020; 28:e12653. [PMID: 32767848 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parenchymal arterioles (PAs) regulate perfusion of the cerebral microcirculation, and impaired PA endothelium-dependent dilation occurs in dementia models mimicking chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are vasodilators; their actions are potentiated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. We hypothesized that chronic sEH inhibition with trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3 (1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) would prevent cognitive dysfunction and improve PA dilation in a hypertensive CCH model. METHODS Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) was used to induce CCH in twenty-week-old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHSRP) that were treated with vehicle or TPPU for 8 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed by novel object recognition. PA dilation and structure were assessed by pressure myography, and mRNA expression in brain tissue was assessed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS TPPU did not enhance resting cerebral perfusion, but prevented CCH-induced memory deficits. TPPU improved PA endothelium-dependent dilation but reduced the sensitivity of PAs to a nitric oxide donor. TPPU treatment had no effect on PA structure or biomechanical properties. TPPU treatment increased brain mRNA expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor, doublecortin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, sEH, and superoxide dismutase 3, CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that sEH inhibitors may be viable treatments for cognitive impairments associated with hypertension and CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Matin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Courtney Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology &, University of California Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology &, University of California Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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27
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Freitas-Andrade M, Raman-Nair J, Lacoste B. Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Brain Vasculature Following Stroke. Front Physiol 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 32848875 PMCID: PMC7433746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cerebral blood vessel integrity and regulation of cerebral blood flow ensure proper brain function. The adult human brain represents only a small portion of the body mass, yet about a quarter of the cardiac output is dedicated to energy consumption by brain cells at rest. Due to a low capacity to store energy, brain health is heavily reliant on a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients from the bloodstream, and is thus particularly vulnerable to stroke. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. By transiently or permanently limiting tissue perfusion, stroke alters vascular integrity and function, compromising brain homeostasis and leading to widespread consequences from early-onset motor deficits to long-term cognitive decline. While numerous lines of investigation have been undertaken to develop new pharmacological therapies for stroke, only few advances have been made and most clinical trials have failed. Overall, our understanding of the acute and chronic vascular responses to stroke is insufficient, yet a better comprehension of cerebrovascular remodeling following stroke is an essential prerequisite for developing novel therapeutic options. In this review, we present a comprehensive update on post-stroke cerebrovascular remodeling, an important and growing field in neuroscience, by discussing cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, sex differences, limitations of preclinical research design and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Raman-Nair
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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28
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Song MK, Kim YJ, Lee JM, Kim YJ. Neurovascular integrative effects of long-term environmental enrichment on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:160-169. [PMID: 32711044 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is one of the most common types of dementia followed by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies showed that approximately 30 %-35 % of patients with AD at post-mortem exhibited vascular pathologies, which suggested that mixed dementia may be the most common type of dementia. Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) is a well-characterized method for investigating cognitive functions and the histopathological consequences of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) in rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on cognitive impairment after CCH, as well as the effects of CCH-induced neurovascular damage on cognitive function. Wistar rats were randomly allocated to a sham group, a 2VO group, and a 2VO + EE group. The 2VO procedure was performed at 12 weeks, while EE was performed for 8 weeks before and 6 weeks after 2VO. The effect of EE on cognitive functions in 2VO rats was investigated using the radial-arm maze and Morris Water Maze tests. Neurovascular integrity was assessed based on immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), morphological changes in microvessels, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the motor cortex and hippocampus. EE ameliorated microvessel fragmentation by sustaining the tight junction through increases of ZO-1 expression after CCH, resulting in preserving the neurovascular unit. In summary, EE mitigated cognitive impairment by restoring neurovascular integrity. These findings suggest that EE can be a valuable and meaningful environmental intervention for patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Song
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, East-west Nursing Research Institute, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Shelestak J, Singhal N, Frankle L, Tomor R, Sternbach S, McDonough J, Freeman E, Clements R. Increased blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability coincides with mast cell activation early under cuprizone administration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234001. [PMID: 32511268 PMCID: PMC7279587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuprizone induced animal model of demyelination is characterized by demyelination in many regions of the brain with high levels of demyelination in the corpus callosum as well as changes in neuronal function by 4–6 weeks of exposure. The model is used as a tool to study demyelination and subsequent degeneration as well as therapeutic interventions on these effects. Historically, the cuprizone model has been shown to contain no alterations to blood-brain barrier integrity, a key feature in many diseases that affect the central nervous system. Cuprizone is generally administered for 4–6 weeks to obtain maximal demyelination and degeneration. However, emerging evidence has shown that the effects of cuprizone on the brain may occur earlier than measurable gross demyelination. This study sought to investigate changes to blood-brain barrier permeability early in cuprizone administration. Results showed an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability and changes in tight junction protein expression as early as 3 days after beginning cuprizone treatment. These changes preceded glial morphological activation and demyelination known to occur during cuprizone administration. Increases in mast cell presence and activity were measured alongside the increased permeability implicating mast cells as a potential source for the blood-brain barrier disruption. These results provide further evidence of blood-brain barrier alterations in the cuprizone model and a target of therapeutic intervention in the prevention of cuprizone-induced pathology. Understanding how mast cells become activated under cuprizone and if they contribute to blood-brain barrier alterations may give further insight into how and when the blood-brain barrier is affected in CNS diseases. In summary, cuprizone administration causes an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability and this permeability coincides with mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Shelestak
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Naveen Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lana Frankle
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Riely Tomor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ernest Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
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Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products disrupt BBB and promote occludin and claudin-5 protein secretion on extracellular microvesicles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7274. [PMID: 32350344 PMCID: PMC7190636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a well-known complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Microvascular compromise was described one DM complication. Recently we showed blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and memory loss are associated with diminution of tight junctions (TJ) in brain endothelium and pericyte coverage and inflammation in cerebral microvessels and brain tissue paralleling hyperglycemia in mice of both DM types. The current study demonstrates that exposure of brain microvessels to hyperglycemic conditions or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) ex vivo resulted in significant abnormalities in membranous distribution of TJ proteins. We found significant increase in the amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from DM mice and enhanced presence of TJ proteins, occludin and claudin-5, on EVs. Exposure of BMVECs to high glucose and AGEs led to significant augmentation of ICAM and VCAM expression, elevated leukocyte adhesion to and migration across BMVEC monolayers, and increased BBB permeability in vitro. Pericytes exposed to hyperglycemia and AGEs displayed diminished expression of integrin α1, PDGF-R1β and connexin-43. Our findings indicate BBB compromise in DM ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo models in association with BMVEC/pericyte dysfunction and inflammation. Prevention of BBB injury may be a new therapeutic approach to avert cognitive demise in DM.
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31
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Park SS, Kim TW, Park HS, Seo TB, Kim YP. Effects of treadmill exercise on activity, short-term memory, vascular dysfunction in maternal separation rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:118-123. [PMID: 32509695 PMCID: PMC7248437 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040234.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal separation during early life causes psychiatric and neurologi-cal disorders such as anxiety and depression. Depression or anxiety is closely associated with memory impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on activity, short-term memory, vascular dysfunction using maternal separation-induced de-pression model. Maternal separation started on 15-day-old rats. The rats in the maternal separation and fluoxetine injection group received intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg of fluoxetine one time daily for 15 days from 21 to 35 days. The rats performed treadmill exercise once a day during 15 days from 21 to 35 days. There was low activity and short-term memory was decreased in the maternal separation rats. Treadmill exercise and fluoxetine injection increased activity and ameliorated memory impairment. The number of rat endothelial cells antigen-1 (RECA-1) of microvessels was decreased in the maternal separation rats. The number of RECA-1was increased by treadmill exercise and fluoxetine injection. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was increased and expressions of zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) and oc-cludin were decreased in the maternal separation rats. Treadmill exer-cise and fluoxetine injection suppressed MMP-9 expression and en-hanced ZO-2 and occludin expressions in the maternal separation rats. The present study shows treadmill exercise and antidepressant treat-ment ameliorates depressive symptom and short-term memory impair-ment by protecting from blood-brain barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Exercise Rehabilitation Research Institute, Department of Exercise & Health Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Pyo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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32
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Lee L, Boorman L, Glendenning E, Christmas C, Sharp P, Redgrave P, Shabir O, Bracci E, Berwick J, Howarth C. Key Aspects of Neurovascular Control Mediated by Specific Populations of Inhibitory Cortical Interneurons. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:2452-2464. [PMID: 31746324 PMCID: PMC7174996 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons can evoke vasodilation and vasoconstriction, making them potential cellular drivers of neurovascular coupling. However, the specific regulatory roles played by particular interneuron subpopulations remain unclear. Our purpose was therefore to adopt a cell-specific optogenetic approach to investigate how somatostatin (SST) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing interneurons might influence the neurovascular relationship. In mice, specific activation of SST- or nNOS-interneurons was sufficient to evoke hemodynamic changes. In the case of nNOS-interneurons, robust hemodynamic changes occurred with minimal changes in neural activity, suggesting that the ability of blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) to reliably reflect changes in neuronal activity may be dependent on type of neuron recruited. Conversely, activation of SST-interneurons produced robust changes in evoked neural activity with shallow cortical excitation and pronounced deep layer cortical inhibition. Prolonged activation of SST-interneurons often resulted in an increase in blood volume in the centrally activated area with an accompanying decrease in blood volume in the surrounding brain regions, analogous to the negative BOLD signal. These results demonstrate the role of specific populations of cortical interneurons in the active control of neurovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - L Boorman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - E Glendenning
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - C Christmas
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - P Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - P Redgrave
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - O Shabir
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - E Bracci
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - J Berwick
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - C Howarth
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
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33
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Kiss T, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Balasubramanian P, Tarantini S, Ahire C, Yabluchanskiy A, Csipo T, Farkas E, Wren JD, Garman L, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes neurovascular rejuvenation in aged mice: transcriptional footprint of SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. GeroScience 2020; 42:527-546. [PMID: 32056076 PMCID: PMC7206476 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced structural and functional alterations of the neurovascular unit lead to impairment of neurovascular coupling responses, dysregulation of cerebral blood flow, and increased neuroinflammation, all of which contribute importantly to the pathogenesis of age-related vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). There is increasing evidence showing that a decrease in NAD+ availability with age plays a critical role in age-related neurovascular and cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. Our recent studies demonstrate that restoring cellular NAD+ levels in aged mice rescues neurovascular function, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves performance on cognitive tasks. To determine the effects of restoring cellular NAD+ levels on neurovascular gene expression profiles, 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD+ intermediate, for 2 weeks. Transcriptome analysis of preparations enriched for cells of the neurovascular unit was performed by RNA-seq. Neurovascular gene expression signatures in NMN-treated aged mice were compared with those in untreated young and aged control mice. We identified 590 genes differentially expressed in the aged neurovascular unit, 204 of which are restored toward youthful expression levels by NMN treatment. The transcriptional footprint of NMN treatment indicates that increased NAD+ levels promote SIRT1 activation in the neurovascular unit, as demonstrated by analysis of upstream regulators of differentially expressed genes as well as analysis of the expression of known SIRT1-dependent genes. Pathway analysis predicts that neurovascular protective effects of NMN are mediated by the induction of genes involved in mitochondrial rejuvenation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, the recently demonstrated protective effects of NMN treatment on neurovascular function can be attributed to multifaceted sirtuin-mediated anti-aging changes in the neurovascular transcriptome. Our present findings taken together with the results of recent studies using mitochondria-targeted interventions suggest that mitochondrial rejuvenation is a critical mechanism to restore neurovascular health and improve cerebral blood flow in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Cardiology, Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lori Garman
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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34
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Rust R, Kirabali T, Grönnert L, Dogancay B, Limasale YDP, Meinhardt A, Werner C, Laviña B, Kulic L, Nitsch RM, Tackenberg C, Schwab ME. A Practical Guide to the Automated Analysis of Vascular Growth, Maturation and Injury in the Brain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:244. [PMID: 32265643 PMCID: PMC7099171 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct organization of the brain's vasculature ensures the adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients during development and adulthood. Acute and chronic pathological changes of the vascular system have been implicated in many neurological disorders including stroke and dementia. Here, we describe a fast, automated method that allows the highly reproducible, quantitative assessment of distinct vascular parameters and their changes based on the open source software Fiji (ImageJ). In particular, we developed a practical guide to reliably measure aspects of growth, repair and maturation of the brain's vasculature during development and neurovascular disease in mice and humans. The script can be used to assess the effects of different external factors including pharmacological treatments or disease states. Moreover, the procedure is expandable to blood vessels of other organs and vascular in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tunahan Kirabali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Grönnert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Berre Dogancay
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luka Kulic
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Choi JH, Santhosh M, Choi JW. In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier-Integrated Neurological Disorder Models Using a Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:E21. [PMID: 31878184 PMCID: PMC7019695 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays critical role in the human physiological system such as protection of the central nervous system (CNS) from external materials in the blood vessel, including toxicants and drugs for several neurological disorders, a critical type of human disease. Therefore, suitable in vitro BBB models with fluidic flow to mimic the shear stress and supply of nutrients have been developed. Neurological disorder has also been investigated for developing realistic models that allow advance fundamental and translational research and effective therapeutic strategy design. Here, we discuss introduction of the blood-brain barrier in neurological disorder models by leveraging a recently developed microfluidic system and human organ-on-a-chip system. Such models could provide an effective drug screening platform and facilitate personalized therapy of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
| | - Mallesh Santhosh
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
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36
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Boese AC, Hamblin MH, Lee JP. Neural stem cell therapy for neurovascular injury in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113112. [PMID: 31730762 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration leading to severe cognitive decline and eventual death. AD pathophysiology is complex, but neurotoxic accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of Tau are believed to be main drivers of neurodegeneration in AD. The formation and deposition of Aβ plaques occurs in the brain parenchyma as well as in the cerebral vasculature. Thus, proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebrovascular functioning are crucial for clearance of Aβ from the brain, and neurovascular dysfunction may be a critical component of AD development. Further, neuroinflammation and dysfunction of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neurorestorative capabilities play a role in AD pathophysiology. Currently, there is no effective treatment to prevent or restore loss of brain tissue and cognitive decline in patients with AD. Based on multifactorial and complex pathophysiological cascades in multiple Alzheimer's disease stages, effective AD therapies need to focus on targeting early AD pathology and preserving cerebrovascular function. Neural stem cells (NSCs) participate extensively in mammalian brain homeostasis and repair and exhibit pleiotropic intrinsic properties that likely make them attractive candidates for the treatment of AD. In the review, we summarize the current advances in knowledge regarding neurovascular aspects of AD-related neurodegeneration and discuss multiple actions of NSCs from preclinical studies of AD to evaluate their potential for future clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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37
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Balikov DA, Neal EH, Lippmann ES. Organotypic Neurovascular Models: Past Results and Future Directions. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:273-284. [PMID: 31699496 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The high failure rates of clinical trials in neurodegeneration, perhaps most apparent in recent high-profile failures of potential Alzheimer's disease therapies, have partially motivated the development of improved human cell-based models to bridge the gap between well-plate assays and preclinical efficacy studies in mice. Recently, cerebral organoids derived from stem cells have gained significant traction as 3D models of central nervous system (CNS) regions. Although this technology is promising, several limitations still exist; most notably, improper structural organization of neural cells and a lack of functional glia and vasculature. Here, we provide an overview of the cerebral organoid field and speculate how engineering strategies, including biomaterial fabrication and templating, might be used to overcome existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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38
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Chhabria K, Vouros A, Gray C, MacDonald RB, Jiang Z, Wilkinson RN, Plant K, Vasilaki E, Howarth C, Chico TJA. Sodium nitroprusside prevents the detrimental effects of glucose on the neurovascular unit and behaviour in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039867. [PMID: 31481433 PMCID: PMC6765192 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with dysfunction of the neurovascular unit, although the mechanisms of this are incompletely understood and currently no treatment exists to prevent these negative effects. We previously found that the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) prevents the detrimental effect of glucose on neurovascular coupling in zebrafish. We therefore sought to establish the wider effects of glucose exposure on both the neurovascular unit and on behaviour in zebrafish, and the ability of SNP to prevent these. We incubated 4-days post-fertilisation (dpf) zebrafish embryos in 20 mM glucose or mannitol for 5 days until 9 dpf, with or without 0.1 mM SNP co-treatment for 24 h (8-9 dpf), and quantified vascular NO reactivity, vascular mural cell number, expression of a klf2a reporter, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), as well as spontaneous neuronal activation at 9 dpf, all in the optic tectum. We also assessed the effect on light/dark preference and locomotory characteristics during free-swimming studies. We find that glucose exposure significantly reduced NO reactivity, klf2a reporter expression, vascular mural cell number and TRPV4 expression, while significantly increasing spontaneous neuronal activation and GFAP expression (all in the optic tectum). Furthermore, when we examined larval behaviour, we found that glucose exposure significantly altered light/dark preference and high and low speed locomotion while in light. Co-treatment with SNP reversed all these molecular and behavioural effects of glucose exposure. Our findings comprehensively describe the negative effects of glucose exposure on the vascular anatomy, molecular phenotype and function of the optic tectum, and on whole-organism behaviour. We also show that SNP or other NO donors may represent a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the complications of diabetes on the neurovascular unit.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Chhabria
- Neuroimaging in Cardiovascular Disease (NICAD) Network, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Avgoustinos Vouros
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | - Caroline Gray
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert Neil Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | - Clare Howarth
- Neuroimaging in Cardiovascular Disease (NICAD) Network, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK .,Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Timothy J A Chico
- Neuroimaging in Cardiovascular Disease (NICAD) Network, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK .,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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39
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Wu Q, Yuan X, Bai J, Han R, Li Z, Zhang H, Xiu R. MicroRNA-181a protects against pericyte apoptosis via directly targeting FOXO1: implication for ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6120-6133. [PMID: 31467256 PMCID: PMC6738434 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MiR-181a is associated with hippocampal memory formation and aberrantly expressed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), however, little is known about its role and underlying mechanism involved in AD. Here, we report that miR-181a expression declines in APP/PS1 mice, synchronous with the increase in amyloid β (Aβ) level, which suggests a reverse correlation between miR-181a level and AD development. Additionally, lentiviral overexpression of miR-181a via intrahippocampal injection ameliorates cognitive deficits and amyloid plaque deposition in APP/PS1 mice, indicating a beneficial role of miR-181a against AD progression. Moreover, miR-181a decelerates pericyte loss and blood-brain barrier breakdown in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, miR-181a protects against Aβ accumulation-induced pericyte apoptosis in vitro, which is attributed to the negative regulation of FOXO1 by miR-181a, since FOXO1 restoration abolishes miR-181a protective role against pericyte apoptosis. Altogether, these results may identify miR-181a as a novel regulator of AD pathology, and also implicate that the protection of miR-181a in blood-brain barrier pericytes may underlie its ameliorating effect on APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiu
- Key Laboratory for Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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40
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Kodidela S, Gerth K, Haque S, Gong Y, Ismael S, Singh A, Tauheed I, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicles: A Possible Link between HIV and Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in HIV Subjects? Cells 2019; 8:E968. [PMID: 31450610 PMCID: PMC6769601 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The longevity of people with HIV/AIDS has been prolonged with the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The age-related complications, especially cognitive deficits, rise as HIV patients live longer. Deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been observed in subjects with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Various mechanisms such as neuroinflammation induced by HIV proteins (e.g., Tat, gp120, Nef), excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the use of ART contribute to the deposition of Aβ, leading to dementia. However, progressive dementia in older subjects with HIV might be due to HAND, AD, or both. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes, have gained recognition for their importance in understanding the pathology of both HAND and AD. EVs can serve as a possible link between HIV and AD, due to their ability to package and transport the toxic proteins implicated in both AD and HIV (Aβ/tau and gp120/tat, respectively). Given that Aß is also elevated in neuron-derived exosomes isolated from the plasma of HIV patients, it is reasonable to suggest that neuron-to-neuron exosomal transport of Aβ and tau also contributes to AD-like pathology in HIV-infected subjects. Therefore, exploring exosomal contents is likely to help distinguish HAND from AD. However, future prospective clinical studies need to be conducted to compare the exosomal contents in the plasma of HIV subjects with and without HAND as well as those with and without AD. This would help to find new markers and develop new treatment strategies to treat AD in HIV-positive subjects. This review presents comprehensive literatures on the mechanisms contributing to Aβ deposition in HIV-infected cells, the role of EVs in the propagation of Aβ in AD, the possible role of EVs in HIV-induced AD-like pathology, and finally, possible therapeutic targets or molecules to treat HIV subjects with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Kelli Gerth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sanjana Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yuqing Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue #515, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ajay Singh
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Le Bonheur Children Hospital, 50 N. Dunlap st, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Ishrat Tauheed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue #515, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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41
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Buchanan RA, Foley KE, Pepper KW, Reagan AM, Keezer KJ, Hewes AA, Diemler CA, Preuss C, Soto I, John SWM, Howell GR. Meox2 Haploinsufficiency Accelerates Axonal Degeneration in DBA/2J Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3283-3296. [PMID: 31369031 PMCID: PMC6676925 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma is a complex disease with major risk factors including advancing age and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Dissecting these earliest events will likely identify new avenues for therapeutics. Previously, we performed transcriptional profiling in DBA/2J (D2) mice, a widely used mouse model relevant to glaucoma. Here, we use these data to identify and test regulators of early gene expression changes in DBA/2J glaucoma. Methods Upstream regulator analysis (URA) in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify potential master regulators of differentially expressed genes. The function of one putative regulator, mesenchyme homeobox 2 (Meox2), was tested using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and immunofluorescence approaches. Results URA identified Meox2 as a potential regulator of early gene expression changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) of DBA/2J mice. Meox2 haploinsufficiency did not affect the characteristic diseases of the iris or IOP elevation seen in DBA/2J mice but did cause a significant increase in the numbers of eyes with axon damage compared to controls. While young mice appeared normal, aged Meox2 haploinsufficient DBA/2J mice showed a 44% reduction in MEOX2 protein levels. This correlated with modulation of age- and disease-specific vascular and myeloid alterations. Conclusions Our data support a model whereby Meox2 controls IOP-dependent vascular remodeling and neuroinflammation to promote axon survival. Promoting these earliest responses prior to IOP elevation may be a viable neuroprotective strategy to delay or prevent human glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate E Foley
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - Kelly J Keezer
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Amanda A Hewes
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Cory A Diemler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | | | - Ileana Soto
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States
| | - Simon W M John
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
| | - Gareth R Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
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42
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Govyadinov PA, Womack T, Eriksen JL, Chen G, Mayerich D. Robust Tracing and Visualization of Heterogeneous Microvascular Networks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2019; 25:1760-1773. [PMID: 29993636 PMCID: PMC6360128 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2018.2818701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput imaging allow researchers to collect three-dimensional images of whole organ microvascular networks. These extremely large images contain networks that are highly complex, time consuming to segment, and difficult to visualize. In this paper, we present a framework for segmenting and visualizing vascular networks from terabyte-sized three-dimensional images collected using high-throughput microscopy. While these images require terabytes of storage, the volume devoted to the fiber network is ≈ 4 percent of the total volume size. While the networks themselves are sparse, they are tremendously complex, interconnected, and vary widely in diameter. We describe a parallel GPU-based predictor-corrector method for tracing filaments that is robust to noise and sampling errors common in these data sets. We also propose a number of visualization techniques designed to convey the complex statistical descriptions of fibers across large tissue sections-including commonly studied microvascular characteristics, such as orientation and volume.
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43
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Rom S, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Gajghate S, Seliga A, Winfield M, Heldt NA, Kolpakov MA, Bashkirova YV, Sabri AK, Persidsky Y. Hyperglycemia-Driven Neuroinflammation Compromises BBB Leading to Memory Loss in Both Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 1 and Type 2 Mouse Models. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:1883-1896. [PMID: 29974394 PMCID: PMC6320739 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
End organ injury in diabetes mellitus (DM) is driven by microvascular compromise (including diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy). Cognitive impairment is a well-known complication of DM types 1 and 2; however, its mechanism(s) is(are) not known. We hypothesized that blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise plays a key role in cognitive decline in DM. Using a DM type 1 model (streptozotocin injected C57BL/6 mice) and type 2 model (leptin knockout obese db/db mice), we showed enhanced BBB permeability and memory loss (Y maze, water maze) that are associated with hyperglycemia. Gene profiling in isolated microvessels from DM type 1 animals demonstrated deregulated expression of 54 genes related to angiogenesis, inflammation, vasoconstriction/vasodilation, and platelet activation pathways by at least 2-fold (including eNOS, TNFα, TGFβ1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, several chemokines, and MMP9). Further, the magnitude of gene expression was linked to degree of cognitive decline in DM type 1 animals. Gene analysis in brain microvessels of DM type 2 db/db animals showed alterations of similar genes as in DM 1 model, some to an even greater extent. Neuropathologic analyses of brain tissue derived from DM mice showed microglial activation, expression of ICAM-1, and attenuated coverage of pericytes compared to controls. There was a significant upregulation of inflammatory genes in brain tissue in both DM models. Taken together, our findings indicate that BBB compromise in DM in vivo models and its association with memory deficits, gene alterations in brain endothelium, and neuroinflammation. Prevention of BBB injury may be a new therapeutic approach to prevent cognitive demise in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Sachin Gajghate
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Alecia Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Malika Winfield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nathan A Heldt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mikhail A Kolpakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yulia V Bashkirova
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Abdel Karim Sabri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Gres V, Kolter J, Erny D, Henneke P. The role of CNS macrophages in streptococcal meningoencephalitis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:209-218. [PMID: 30762892 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr1118-419r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the healthy brain, microglia and other CNS macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type. Thus, they form the natural immune cell interface with streptococci, which are the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis in infants and young children. In homeostasis, the blood-brain barrier allows for very limited access of immune cells circulating in the periphery. During bacterial meningoencephalitis, however, origin and fate of CNS macrophages are massively altered. This review summarizes the emerging knowledge on the sequence of reciprocal events between streptococci and CNS macrophages leading to host resistance, acute inflammation, changes in resident innate immune cells of the brain, and long-term neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitka Gres
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Astrocyte Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit After Central Nervous System Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020282. [PMID: 30642007 PMCID: PMC6358919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise the major non-neuronal cell population in the mammalian neurovascular unit. Traditionally, astrocytes are known to play broad roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, including the management of extracellular ion balance and pH, regulation of neurotransmission, and control of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. After CNS injury, cell–cell signaling between neuronal, glial, and vascular cells contribute to repair and recovery in the neurovascular unit. In this mini-review, we propose the idea that astrocytes play a central role in organizing these signals. During CNS recovery, reactive astrocytes communicate with almost all CNS cells and peripheral progenitors, resulting in the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis, regulation of inflammatory response, and modulation of stem/progenitor response. Reciprocally, changes in neurons and vascular components of the remodeling brain should also influence astrocyte signaling. Therefore, understanding the complex and interdependent signaling pathways of reactive astrocytes after CNS injury may reveal fundamental mechanisms and targets for re-integrating the neurovascular unit and augmenting brain recovery.
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46
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Rocha RF, Del Sarto JL, Marques RE, Costa VV, Teixeira MM. Host target-based approaches against arboviral diseases. Biol Chem 2018; 399:203-217. [PMID: 29145171 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the 20th century, socioeconomic and environmental changes facilitated the reintroduction of mosquitoes in developing cities, resulting in the reinsertion of mosquito-borne viral diseases and the dispersal of their causative agents on a worldwide scale. Recurrent outbreaks of arboviral diseases are being reported, even in regions without a previous history of arboviral disease transmission. Of note, arboviral infections represented approximately 30% of all emerging vector-borne diseases in the last decade. Therapeutic strategies against infectious viral diseases include the use of different classes of molecules that act directly on the pathogen and/or act by optimizing the host immune response. Drugs targeting the virus usually provide amelioration of symptoms by suppressing and controlling the infection. However, it is limited by the short-window of effectiveness, ineffectiveness against latent viruses, development of drug-resistant mutants and toxic side effects. Disease may also be a consequence of an excessive, uncontrolled or misplaced inflammatory response, treatments that interfere in host immune response are interesting options and can be used isolated or in combination with virus-targeted therapies. The use of host-targeted therapies requires specific knowledge regarding host immune patterns that may trigger dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV) or Zika virus (ZIKV) disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Froes Rocha
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lemos Del Sarto
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em energia e materiais - CNPEM, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Guo X, Zhu J, Zhang N, Zhang L, Qi Y, Cai H, Zhang X, Sun J, Wang Q, Yang L, Shi FD, Yu C. Altered neurovascular coupling in neuromyelitis optica. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:976-986. [PMID: 30315685 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling reflects the close relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF), providing a new mechanistic insight into health and disease. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and shows cognitive decline-related brain gray matter abnormalities besides the damage of optic nerve and spinal cord. We aimed to investigate neurovascular coupling alteration and its clinical significance in NMO by using regional homogeneity (ReHo) to measure neuronal activity and CBF to measure vascular response. ReHo was calculated from functional MRI and CBF was computed from arterial spin labeling (ASL) in 56 patients with NMO and 63 healthy controls. Global neurovascular coupling was assessed by across-voxel CBF-ReHo correlations and regional neurovascular coupling was evaluated by CBF/ReHo ratio. Correlations between CBF/ReHo ratio and clinical variables were explored in patients with NMO. Global CBF-ReHo coupling was decreased in patients with NMO relative to healthy controls (p = .009). Patients with NMO showed decreased CBF/ReHo ratio (10.9%-17.3% reduction) in the parietal and occipital regions and increased CBF/ReHo ratio (8.0%-13.3% increase) in the insular, sensorimotor, temporal and prefrontal regions. Some of these abnormalities cannot be identified by a single CBF or ReHo analysis. Both abnormally decreased and increased CBF/ReHo ratios were correlated with more severe clinical impairments and cognitive decline in patients with NMO. These findings suggested that patients with NMO show abnormal neurovascular coupling, which is associated with disease severity and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ningnannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Laboratry of Digital Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuhui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Jandke S, Garz C, Schwanke D, Sendtner M, Heinze HJ, Carare RO, Schreiber S. The association between hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:844-859. [PMID: 30062722 PMCID: PMC8028507 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to test the hypothesis that in spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone rats (SHRSP), non‐amyloid cerebral small vessel disease/hypertensive arteriopathy (HA) results in vessel wall injury that may promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Our study comprised 21 male SHRSP (age 17–44 weeks) and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched Wistar control rats, that underwent two‐photon (2PM) imaging of the arterioles in the parietal cortex using Methoxy‐X04, Dextran and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements. Our data suggest that HA in SHRSP progresses in a temporal and age‐dependent manner, starting from small vessel wall damage (stage 1A), proceeding to CBF reduction (stage 1B), non‐occlusive (stage 2), and finally, occlusive thrombi (stage 3). Wistar animals also demonstrated small vessel wall damage, but were free of any of the later HA stages. Nearly half of all SHRSP additionally displayed vascular Methoxy‐X04 positivity indicative of cortical CAA. Vascular β‐amyloid deposits were found in small vessels characterized by thrombotic occlusions (stage 2 or 3). Post‐mortem analysis of the rat brains confirmed the findings derived from intravital 2PM microscopy. Our data thus overall suggest that advanced HA may play a role in CAA development with the two small vessel disease entities might be related to the same pathological spectrum of the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Jandke
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Garz
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwanke
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
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49
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Zhang X, Guo X, Zhang N, Cai H, Sun J, Wang Q, Qi Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Shi FD, Yu C. Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica and Their Correlations With Clinical Disability. Front Neurol 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 29780351 PMCID: PMC5946009 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is clinically important because they differ in prognosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify perfusion abnormalities in RRMS and NMO and their correlations with gray matter volume (GMV) atrophy and clinical parameters. Structural and arterial spin labeling MRI scans were performed in 39 RRMS patients, 62 NMO patients, and 73 healthy controls. The gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were voxel-wisely compared among the three groups with and without GMV correction. The regional CBF changes were correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale scores in the corresponding patient groups. Although multiple brain regions showed CBF differences among the three groups without GMV correction, only three of these regions remained significant after GMV correction. Specifically, both the RRMS and NMO groups showed reduced CBF in the occipital cortex and increased CBF in the right putamen compared to the control group. The RRMS group had increased CBF only in the medial prefrontal cortex compared to the other two groups. The occipital CBF was negatively correlated with clinical disability in the NMO group; however, the CBF in the right putamen was positively correlated with clinical disability in both patient groups. These findings suggest that there are perfusion alterations independent of GMV atrophy in RRMS and NMO patients. The regional CBF in the occipital cortex and putamen could be used as imaging features to objectively assess clinical disability in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningnannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Laboratory of Digital Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuhui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin, China
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50
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Subjective Cognitive Decline Modifies the Relationship Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Memory Function in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2018; 24:213-223. [PMID: 28974274 PMCID: PMC5837810 DOI: 10.1017/s135561771700087x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), or self-reported cognitive decline despite normal neuropsychological test performance, is a risk factor for objective cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While brain mechanisms contributing to SCD are not well defined, studies show associations with vascular risk factors and altered cerebral blood flow (CBF), raising the hypothesis that those with SCD might be experiencing vascular dysregulation, or a disruption in the normal relationship between CBF and cognition. We examined whether the association between CBF and verbal memory performance differs between those with SCD (SCD+) and those without SCD (SCD-). METHODS Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate whether the voxel-wise relationship between arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI-measured CBF and verbal memory performance was modified by SCD among a group of 70 cognitively normal older adults (35 SCD+, 35 SCD-; mean age=72) matched on age, gender, and symptoms of depression. RESULTS Results indicated that the SCD- group exhibited positive associations between verbal memory and CBF within the posterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus, whereas the SCD+ group displayed negative associations between verbal memory and CBF within the posterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that, while higher CBF is supportive of memory function in those without SCD, higher CBF may no longer support memory function in those presenting with SCD, perhaps reflecting neurovascular dysregulation. (JINS, 2018, 24, 213-223).
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