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Li F, Li G, Lougou BG, Zhou Q, Jiang B, Shuai Y. Upcycling biowaste into advanced carbon materials via low-temperature plasma hybrid system: applications, mechanisms, strategies and future prospects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 189:364-388. [PMID: 39236471 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the sustainable conversion of biowaste to valuable carbonaceous materials. This study summarizes the significant progress in biowaste-derived carbon materials (BCMs) via a plasma hybrid system. This includes systematic studies like AI-based multi-coupling systems, promising synthesis strategies from an economic point of view, and their potential applications towards energy, environment, and biomedicine. Plasma modified BCM has a new transition lattice phase and exhibits high resilience, while fabrication and formation mechanisms of BCMs are reviewed in plasma hybrid system. A unique 2D structure can be designed and formulated from the biowaste with fascinating physicochemical properties like high surface area, unique defect sites, and excellent conductivity. The structure of BCMs offers various activated sites for element doping and it shows satisfactory adsorption capability, and dynamic performance in the field of electrochemistry. In recent years, many studies have been reported on the biowaste conversion into valuable materials for various applications. Synthesis methods are an indispensable factor that directly affects the structure and properties of BCMs. Therefore, it is imperative to review the facile synthesis methods and the mechanisms behind the formation of BCMs derived from the low-temperature plasma hybrid system, which is the necessity to obtain BCMs having desirable structure and properties by choosing a suitable synthesis process. Advanced carbon-neutral materials could be widely synthesized as catalysts for application in environmental remediation, energy conversion and storage, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center For Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Gaotingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bachirou Guene Lougou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu, China
| | - Boshu Jiang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yong Shuai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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2
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An B, Xu M, Sun W, Ma C, Luo S, Li J, Liu S, Li W. Butterfly wing-inspired superhydrophobic photonic cellulose nanocrystal films for vapor sensors and asymmetric actuators. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 345:122595. [PMID: 39227114 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)-based stimuli responsive photonic materials demonstrate great application potential in mechanical and chemical sensors. However, due to the hydrophilic property of cellulose molecular, a significant challenge is to build a water-resistant photonic CNCs material. Here, inspired by butterfly wings with vivid structural color and superhydrophobic property, we have designed a CNCs based superhydrophobic iridescent film with hierarchical structures. The iridescent colored layer is ascribed to the chiral nematic alignment of CNCs, the superhydrophobic layer is ascribed to the micro-nano structures of polymer microspheres. Specially, superhydrophobic iridescent CNCs film could be used as an efficient colorimetric humidity sensor due to the existence of 'stomates' on superhydrophobic layer, which allowed the humid gas to enter into and out from the humidity responsive chiral nematic layers. Meanwhile, superhydrophobic iridescent films show out-standing self-cleaning and anti-fouling performance. Moreover, when the one side of the CNCs film was covered with superhydrophobic layer, the Janus film displays asymmetric expansion and bending behaviors as well as responsive structural colors in hydrous ethanol. This CNCs based hierarchical photonic materials have promising applications including photonic sensors suitable for extreme environment and smart photonic actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingcong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wenye Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Aubrecht FJ, Orme K, Saul A, Cai H, Ranathunge TA, Silberstein MN, McDonald BR. Ion-Specific Interactions Engender Dynamic and Tailorable Properties in Biomimetic Cationic Polyelectrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408673. [PMID: 38981860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials such as spider silk and mussel byssi are fabricated by the dynamic manipulation of intra- and intermolecular biopolymer interactions. Organisms modulate solution parameters, such as pH and ion co-solute concentration, to effect these processes. These biofabrication schemes provide a conceptual framework to develop new dynamic and responsive abiotic soft material systems. Towards these ends, the chemical diversity of readily available ionic compounds offers a broad palette to manipulate the physicochemical properties of polyelectrolytes via ion-specific interactions. In this study, we show for the first time that the ion-specific interactions of biomimetic polyelectrolytes engenders a variety of phase separation behaviors, creating dynamic thermal- and ion-responsive soft matter that exhibits a spectrum of physical properties, spanning viscous fluids to viscoelastic and viscoplastic solids. These ion-dependent characteristics are further rendered general by the merger of lysine and phenylalanine into a single, amphiphilic vinyl monomer. The unprecedented breadth, precision, and dynamicity in the reported ion-dependent phase behaviors thus introduce a broad array of opportunities for the future development of responsive soft matter; properties that are poised to drive developments in critical areas such as chemical sensing, soft robotics, and additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J Aubrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI-02912, USA
| | - Kennalee Orme
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI-02912, USA
| | - Aiden Saul
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI-02912, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Tharindu A Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI-02912, USA
| | - Meredith N Silberstein
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin R McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI-02912, USA
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Kiker MT, Recker EA, Uddin A, Page ZA. Simultaneous Color- and Dose-Controlled Thiol-Ene Resins for Multimodulus 3D Printing with Programmable Interfacial Gradients. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409811. [PMID: 39194370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from nature's own intricate designs, synthetic multimaterial structures have the potential to offer properties and functionality that exceed those of the individual components. However, several contemporary hurdles, from a lack of efficient chemistries to processing constraints, preclude the rapid and precise manufacturing of such materials. Herein, the development of a photocurable resin comprising color-selective initiators is reported, triggering disparate polymerization mechanisms between acrylate and thiol functionality. Exposure of the resin to UV light (365 nm) leads to the formation of a rigid, highly crosslinked network via a radical chain-growth mechanism, while violet light (405 nm) forms a soft, lightly crosslinked network via an anionic step-growth mechanism. The efficient photocurable resin is employed in multicolor digital light processing 3D printing to provide structures with moduli spanning over two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, local intensity (i.e., grayscale) control enables the formation of programmable stiffness gradients with ≈150× change in modulus occurring across sharp (≈200 µm) and shallow (≈9 mm) interfaces, mimetic of the human knee entheses and squid beaks, respectively. This study provides composition-processing-property relationships to inform advanced manufacturing of next-generation multimaterial objects having a myriad of applications from healthcare to education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Kiker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Recker
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ain Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Wang X, Li M, Liu Z, Shi Z, Yu D, Ge B, Huang F. Carbonic anhydrase encapsulation using bamboo cellulose scaffolds for efficient CO 2 capture and conversion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134410. [PMID: 39097058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing carbonic anhydrase (CA) to catalyze CO2 hydration offers a sustainable and potent approach for carbon capture and utilization. To enhance CA's reusability and stability for successful industrial applications, enzyme immobilization is essential. In this study, delignified bamboo cellulose served as a renewable porous scaffold for immobilizing CA through oxidation-induced cellulose aldehydation followed by Schiff base linkage. The catalytic performance of the resulting immobilized CA was evaluated using both p-NPA hydrolysis and CO2 hydration models. Compared to free CA, immobilization onto the bamboo scaffold increased CA's optimal temperature and pH to approximately 45 °C and 9.0, respectively. Post-immobilization, CA activity demonstrated effective retention (>60 %), with larger scaffold sizes (i.e., 8 mm diameter and 5 mm height) positively impacting this aspect, even surpassing the activity of free CA. Furthermore, immobilized CA exhibited sustained reusability and high stability under thermal treatment and pH fluctuation, retaining >80 % activity even after 5 catalytic cycles. When introduced to microalgae culture, the immobilized CA improved biomass production by ∼16 %, accompanied by enhanced synthesis of essential biomolecules in microalgae. Collectively, the facile and green construction of immobilized CA onto bamboo cellulose block demonstrates great potential for the development of various CA-catalyzed CO2 conversion and utilization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
| | - Menghan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
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Zhou C, Zhao C, Nie Z, Zhou T, Kong S, Sun Y, Qian C, Zhao T, Liu M. Large-Area Layered Membranes with Precisely Controlled Nano-Confined Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410441. [PMID: 38949087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets-based membranes, which have controlled 2D nano-confined channels, are highly desirable for molecular/ionic sieving and confined reactions. However, it is still difficult to develop an efficient method to prepare large-area membranes with high stability, high orientation, and accurately adjustable interlayer spacing. Here, we present a strategy to produce metal ion cross-linked membranes with precisely controlled 2D nano-confined channels and high stability in different solutions using superspreading shear-flow-induced assembly strategy. For example, membranes based on graphene oxide (GO) exhibit interlayer spacing ranging from 8.0±0.1 Å to 10.3±0.2 Å, with a precision of down to 1 Å. At the same time, the value of the orientation order parameter (f) of GO membranes is up to 0.95 and GO membranes exhibit superb stability in different solutions. The strategy we present, which can be generalized to the preparation of 2D nano-confined channels based on a variety of 2D materials, will expand the application scope and provide better performances of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chuangqi Zhao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Nie
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tianxu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shengwen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Somu DR, Fuentes M, Lou L, Agarwal A, Porter M, Merk V. Revealing chemistry-structure-function relationships in shark vertebrae across length scales. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00567-1. [PMID: 39349113 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Shark cartilage presents a complex material composed of collagen, proteoglycans, and bioapatite. In the present study, we explored the link between microstructure, chemical composition, and biomechanical function of shark vertebral cartilage using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy, and Nanoindentation. Our investigation focused on vertebrae from Blacktip and Shortfin Mako sharks. As typical representatives of the orders Carcharhiniformes and Lamniformes, these species differ in preferred habitat, ecological role, and swimming style. We observed structural variations in mineral organization and collagen fiber arrangement using PLM and AFM. In both sharks, the highly calcified corpus calcarea shows a ridged morphology, while a chain-like network is present in the less mineralized intermedialia. Raman spectromicroscopy demonstrates a relative increase of glucosaminocycans (GAGs) with respect to collagen and a decrease in mineral-rich zones, underlining the role of GAGs in modulating bioapatite mineralization. Region-specific testing confirmed that intravertebral variations in mineral content and arrangement result in distinct nanomechanical properties. Local Young's moduli from mineralized regions exceeded bulk values by a factor of 10. Overall, this work provides profound insights into a flexible yet strong biocomposite, which is crucial for the extraordinary speed of cartilaginous fish in the worlds' oceans. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Shark cartilage is a morphologically complex material composed of collagen, sulfated proteoglycans, and calcium phosphate minerals. This study explores the link between microstructure, chemical composition, and biological mechanical function of shark vertebral cartilage at the micro- and nanometer scale in typical Carcharhiniform and Lamniform shark species, which represent different vertebral mineralization morphologies, swimming styles and speeds. By studying the intricacies of shark vertebrae, we hope to lay the foundation for biomimetic composite materials that harness lamellar reinforcement and tailored stiffness gradients, capable of dynamic and localized adjustments during movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Raja Somu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Malena Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Lihua Lou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Marianne Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Vivian Merk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Yu X, Kong K, Ma X, Yu Y, Shen Y, Sang Y, Wang J, Shen S, Xu X, Liu Z, Tang R. Organic-Inorganic Copolymerization Induced Oriented Crystallization for Robust Lightweight Porous Composite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403443. [PMID: 39319512 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Porous composites are important in engineering fields for their lightweight, thermal insulation, and mechanical properties. However, increased porosity commonly decreases the robustness, making a trade-off between mechanics and weight. Optimizing the strength of solid structure is a promising way to co-enhance the robustness and lightweight properties. Here, acrylamide and calcium phosphate ionic oligomers are copolymerized, revealing a pre-interaction of these precursors induced oriented crystallization of inorganic nanostructures during the linear polymerization of acrylamide, leading to the spontaneous formation of a bone-like nanostructure. The resulting solid phase shows enhanced mechanics, surpassing most biological materials. The bone-like nanostructure remains intact despite the introduction of porous structures at higher levels, resulting in a porous composite (P-APC) with high strength (yield strength of 10.5 MPa) and lightweight properties (density below 0.22 g cm-3). Notably, the density-strength property surpasses most reported porous materials. Additionally, P-APC shows ultralow thermal conductivity (45 mW m-1 k-1) due to its porous structure, making its strength and thermal insulation superior to many reported materials. This work provides a robust, lightweight, and thermal insulating composite for practical application. It emphasizes the advantage of prefunctionalization of ionic oligomers for organic-inorganic copolymerization in creating oriented nanostructure with toughened mechanics, offering an alternative strategy to produce robust lightweight materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kangren Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yadong Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yanhua Sang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sudan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University College of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xurong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Xu C, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D, Tang X, Zhang H, Huang J, Guo Z, Liu W. Mechanical Regulation of Polymer Gels. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10435-10508. [PMID: 39284130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polymer gels devote to emerging devices and machines in fields such as biomedical engineering, flexible bioelectronics, biomimetic actuators, and energy harvesters. Coupling network architectures and interactions has been explored to regulate supportive mechanical characteristics of polymer gels; however, systematic reviews correlating mechanics to interaction forces at the molecular and structural levels remain absent in the field. This review highlights the molecular engineering and structural engineering of polymer gel mechanics and a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of mechanical regulation. Molecular engineering alters molecular architecture and manipulates functional groups/moieties at the molecular level, introducing various interactions and permanent or reversible dynamic bonds as the dissipative energy. Molecular engineering usually uses monomers, cross-linkers, chains, and other additives. Structural engineering utilizes casting methods, solvent phase regulation, mechanochemistry, macromolecule chemical reactions, and biomanufacturing technology to construct and tailor the topological network structures, or heterogeneous modulus compositions. We envision that the perfect combination of molecular and structural engineering may provide a fresh view to extend exciting new perspectives of this burgeoning field. This review also summarizes recent representative applications of polymer gels with excellent mechanical properties. Conclusions and perspectives are also provided from five aspects of concise summary, mechanical mechanism, biofabrication methods, upgraded applications, and synergistic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Siyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of materials engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Anderson LA. Nanoscopic imaging of ancient protein and vasculature offers insight into soft tissue and biomolecule fossilization. iScience 2024; 27:110538. [PMID: 39286513 PMCID: PMC11404208 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fossil bones have been studied by paleontologists for centuries. Despite this, empirical knowledge regarding the progression of biomolecular (soft) tissue diagenesis within ancient bone is limited; this is particularly the case for specimens spanning Pleistocene directly into pre-Ice Age strata. A nanoscopic approach is reported herein that facilitates direct imaging, and thus empirical observation, of soft tissue preservation state. Presented data include the first extensive nanoscopic (up to 150,000× magnification), three-dimensional (3D) images of ancient bone protein and vasculature; chemical signals consistent with collagen protein and membrane lipids, respectively, are also localized to these structures. These findings support the analyzed permafrost bones are not fully fossilized but rather represent subfossil bone tissue as they preserve an underlying collagen framework. Extension of these methods to specimens spanning the geologic record will help reveal changes biomolecular tissues undergo during fossilization and is a potential proxy approach for screening specimen suitability for molecular sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon A Anderson
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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11
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Debnath A, Jeengar R, Maity D, Sen R. Bio-inspired synthesis of nanocrystalline calcite demonstrating significant improvement in mechanical properties of concrete: a construction-nanobiotechnology approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34882-7. [PMID: 39287740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The bioinspired synthesis of construction material, known as biocement, represents a significant advancement in addressing the environmental sustainability issues associated with traditional cement use in the built environment. Biocement is produced through the process of microbially induced bio-mineralization (MIBM), which offers a promising alternative or supplement to conventional cement, potentially reducing its consumption. Despite extensive literature on the application of biocement in construction biotechnology, the fundamental mechanisms underlying its ability to enhance concrete quality remain poorly understood. This study focuses on the kinetics of biomineral synthesis by two Bacillus species; Bacillus megaterium RB05 and Bacillus foraminis DRG5, to identify the most effective strain for biomineralization. Bioconcrete specimens were created by adding inoculum containing Bacillus megaterium RB05 cells with a nutrient solution to the concrete mixture in a layer-by-layer approach. After 28 days of water curing, nanoparticles of CaCO3, ranging in size from 27 to 82 nm, were produced in the bioconcrete specimens. The resulting concrete, containing nanocrystalline biogenic calcite, demonstrated significant improvements in mechanical properties. Specifically, compressive and tensile strengths of the bioconcrete, tested using a universal testing machine (UTM), increased by 7.69 ± 0.08% and 22 ± 0.1%, respectively, after 72 h of curing. Additionally, the biocement was found to exhibit an organic-inorganic hybrid nature, as identified by TEM, EDAX, FESEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses. The enhanced mechanical properties were attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio and hybrid nature of the calcite nanoparticles. The findings of this investigation are encouraging, suggesting the potential development of future green and self-sustainable construction materials or bioconcrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Debnath
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Ritik Jeengar
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Damodar Maity
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Tuo Z, Shi Y, Sun X, Cui J, Yang K, Liang Y, Liu C, Lin Z, Han Z, Ren L. Study of the influence of macro-structure and micro-structure on the mechanical properties of stag beetle upper jaw. Acta Biomater 2024; 186:342-353. [PMID: 39097125 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Macrostructural control of stress distribution and microstructural influence on crack propagation is one of the strategies for obtaining high mechanical properties in stag beetle upper jaws. The maximum bending fracture force of the stag beetle upper jaw is approximately 154, 000 times the weight of the upper jaw. Here, we explore the macro and micro-structural characteristics of two stag beetle upper jaws and reveal the resulting differences in mechanical properties and enhancement mechanisms. At the macroscopic level, the elliptic and triangular cross-sections of the upper jaw of the two species of stag beetles have significant effects on the formation of cracks. The crack generated by the upper jaws with a triangular section grows slowly and deflects easily. At the microscopic level, the upper jaw of the two species is a chitin cross-layered structure, but the difference between the two adjacent fiber layers at 45° and 50° leads to different deflection paths of the cracks on the exoskeleton. The mechanical properties of the upper jaw of the two species of stag beetle were significantly different due to the interaction of macro-structure and micro-structure. In addition, a series of bionic samples with different cross-section geometries and different fiber cross angles were designed, and mechanical tests were carried out according to the macro-structure and micro-structure characteristics of the stag beetle upper jaw. The effects of cross-section geometry and fiber cross angle on the mechanical properties of bionic samples are compared and analyzed. This study provides new ideas for designing and optimizing highly loaded components in engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The upper jaw of the stag beetle is composed of a complex arrangement of chitin and protein fibers, providing both rigidity and flexibility. This structure is designed to withstand various mechanical stresses, including impacts and bending forces, encountered during its burrowing activities and interactions with its environment. The study of the upper jaw of the stag beetle can provide an efficient structural design for engineering components that are subjected to high loads. Understanding the relationship between structure and mechanical properties in the stag beetle upper jaw holds significant implications for biomimetic design and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Tuo
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xianyan Sun
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiandong Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Kaisheng Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yunhong Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China.
| | - Changyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Zhaohua Lin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
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13
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Schwarze FWMR, Carvalho T, Reina G, Greca LG, Buenter U, Gholam Z, Krupnik L, Neels A, Boesel L, Morris H, Heeb M, Huch A, Nyström G, Giovannini G. Taming the Production of Bioluminescent Wood Using the White Rot Fungus Desarmillaria Tabescens. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403215. [PMID: 39263934 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Although bioluminescence is documented both anecdotally and experimentally, the parameters involved in the production of fungal bioluminescence during wood colonization have not been identified to date. Here, for the first time, this work develops a methodology to produce a hybrid living material by manipulating wood colonization through merging the living fungus Desarmillaria tabescens with nonliving balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood to achieve and control the autonomous emission of bioluminescence. The hybrid material with the highest bioluminescence is produced by soaking the wood blocks before co-cultivating them with the fungus for 3 months. Regardless of the incubation period, the strongest bioluminescence is evident from balsa wood blocks with a moisture content of 700-1200%, highlighting the fundamental role of moisture content for bioluminescence production. Further characterization reveals that D. tabescens preferentially degraded hemicelluloses and lignin in balsa wood. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy reveals a decrease in lignin, while X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the cellulose crystalline structure is not altered during the colonization process. This information will enable the design of ad-hoc synthetic materials that use fungi as tools to maximize bioluminescence production, paving the way for an innovative hybrid material that could find application in the sustainable production of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W M R Schwarze
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Carvalho
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Reina
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Garcia Greca
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Urs Buenter
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Zennat Gholam
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Leonard Krupnik
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Boesel
- Giorgia Giovannini, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Hugh Morris
- Integrated Land Management Department, SRUC, Barony, Parkgate, Dumfries, DG1 3NE, UK
| | - Markus Heeb
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Anja Huch
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Giovannini
- Giorgia Giovannini, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
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Tong S, Ma Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Li C, Zhao H, Ren L, Yan C. Crack-Deflecting Lattice Metamaterials Inspired by Precipitation Hardening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2406042. [PMID: 39263999 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Lattice structures, comprising nodes and struts arranged in an array, are renowned for their lightweight and unique mechanical deformation characteristics. Previous studies on lattice structures have revealed that failure often originates from stress concentration points and spreads throughout the material. This results in collapse failure, similar to the accumulation of damage at defects in metallic crystals. Here the precipitation hardening mechanism found in crystalline materials is employed to deflect the initial failure path, through the strategic placement of strengthening units at stress concentration points using the finite element method. Both the mesostructure, inspired by the arrangement of crystals, and the inherent microstructure of the base materials have played crucial roles in shaping the mechanical properties of the macro-lattices. As a result, a groundbreaking multiscale hierarchical design methodology, offering a spectrum of design concepts for engineering materials with desired properties is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yicheng Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Chaofan Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Chuliang Yan
- Beijing Aircraft Strength Institution, Beijing, 100083, China
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15
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Mavlankar NA, Nath D, Chandran Y, Gupta N, Singh A, Balakrishnan V, Pal A. Maneuvering the mineralization of self-assembled peptide nanofibers for designing mechanically-stiffened self-healable composites toward bone-mimetic ECM. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8688-8701. [PMID: 39118433 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity remains a crucial parameter to determine cell-material interactions (viz. adhesion, growth, and differentiation), cellular communication, and migration that are essential to tissue repair and regeneration. Supramolecular peptide hydrogels with their 3-dimensional porous network and tuneable mechanical properties have emerged as an excellent class of ECM-mimetic biomaterials with relevant dynamic attributes and bioactivity. Here, we demonstrate the design of minimalist amyloid-inspired peptide amphiphiles, CnPA (n = 6, 8, 10, 12) with tuneable peptide nanostructures that are efficiently biomineralized and cross-linked using bioactive silicates. Such hydrogel composites, CnBG exhibit excellent mechanical attributes and possess excellent self-healing abilities and collagen-like strain-stiffening ability as desired for bone ECM mimetic scaffold. The composites exhibited the formation of a hydroxyapatite mineral phase upon incubation in a simulated body fluid that rendered mechanical stiffness akin to the hydroxyapatite-bridged collagen fibers to match the bone tissue elasticity eventually. In a nutshell, peptide nanostructure-guided temporal effects and mechanical attributes demonstrate C8BG to be an optimal composite. Finally, such constructs feature the potential for adhesion, proliferation of U2OS cells, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteoconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha A Mavlankar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Debasish Nath
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Yadu Chandran
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashmeet Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Viswanath Balakrishnan
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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16
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Cheng Q, Chen J, Cai W, Yu X, Wan C, Wang Y, Xiong B, Huang C, Yang Z. Biomimetic Colored Coating toward Robust Display under Hostile Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48448-48456. [PMID: 39186756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Structural colors particularly of the angle-independent category stemming from wavelength-dependent light scattering have aroused increasing interest due to their considerable applications spanning displays and sensors to detection. Nevertheless, these colors would be heavily altered and even disappear during practical applications, which is related with the variation of refractive index mismatch by liquid wetting/infiltrating. Inspired by bird feathers, we propose a simple deposition toward the coating with angle-independent structural color and superamphiphobicity. The coating is composed of ∼200 nm-sized channel-type structures between hollow silica and air nanostructures, exhibiting a robust sapphire blue color independent of intense liquid intrusion, which duplicates the characteristics of the back feather of Eastern Bluebird. A high color saturation and superamphiphobicity of the biomimetic coating are optimized by manipulating the coating parameters or adding black substances. Excellent durability under harsh conditions endows the coating with long-term service life in various extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyong Cheng
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chuchu Wan
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Caili Huang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Breish F, Hamm C, Andresen S. Nature's Load-Bearing Design Principles and Their Application in Engineering: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:545. [PMID: 39329566 PMCID: PMC11430629 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological structures optimized through natural selection provide valuable insights for engineering load-bearing components. This paper reviews six key strategies evolved in nature for efficient mechanical load handling: hierarchically structured composites, cellular structures, functional gradients, hard shell-soft core architectures, form follows function, and robust geometric shapes. The paper also discusses recent research that applies these strategies to engineering design, demonstrating their effectiveness in advancing technical solutions. The challenges of translating nature's designs into engineering applications are addressed, with a focus on how advancements in computational methods, particularly artificial intelligence, are accelerating this process. The need for further development in innovative material characterization techniques, efficient modeling approaches for heterogeneous media, multi-criteria structural optimization methods, and advanced manufacturing techniques capable of achieving enhanced control across multiple scales is underscored. By highlighting nature's holistic approach to designing functional components, this paper advocates for adopting a similarly comprehensive methodology in engineering practices to shape the next generation of load-bearing technical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Breish
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Hamm
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Simone Andresen
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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18
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Sadek H, Siddique SK, Chen C, Ho RM. Well-Ordered Bicontinuous Nanohybrids from a Bottom-Up Approach for Enhanced Strength and Toughness. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:11020-11027. [PMID: 39193990 PMCID: PMC11378333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomimicking natural structures to create structural materials with superior mechanical performance is an area of extensive attention, yet achieving both high strength and toughness remains challenging. This study presents a novel bottom-up approach using self-assembled block copolymer templating to synthesize bicontinuous nanohybrids composed of well-ordered nanonetwork hydroxyapatite (HAp) embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This structuring transforms intrinsically brittle HAp into a ductile material, while hybridization with PMMA alleviates the strength reduction caused by porosity. The resultant bicontinuous PMMA/HAp nanohybrids, reinforced at the interface, exhibit high strength and toughness due to the combined effects of topology, nanosize, and hybridization. This work suggests a conceptual framework for fabricating flexible thin films with mechanical properties significantly surpassing those of traditional composites and top-down approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Suhail K Siddique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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19
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Chen T, Shao M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Li J, Wang T, Wang Q. Ultratough Supramolecular Polyurethane Featuring an Interwoven Network with Recyclability, Ideal Self-Healing and Editable Shape Memory Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46822-46833. [PMID: 39178220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing multifunctional polymers with excellent mechanical properties, outstanding shape memory characteristics, and good self-healing properties is a formidable challenge. Inspired by the woven cross-linking strategy, a series of supramolecular polyurethane (PU) with an interwoven network structure composed of covalent and supramolecular cross-linking nodes have been successfully synthesized by introducing the ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) motifs into the PU skeleton. The best-performing sample exhibited ultrahigh strength (∼77.2 MPa) and toughness (∼312.7 MJ m-3), along with an ideal self-healing efficiency (up to 90.8% for 6 h) and satisfactory temperature-responsive shape memory effect (shape recovery rates up to 96.9%). Furthermore, it ensured recyclability. These favorable properties are mainly ascribed to the effective dissipation of strain energy due to the disassembly and reconfiguration of supramolecular nodes (i.e., quadruple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) between UPy units), as well as the covalent cross-linking nodes that maintain the integrity of the polymer network structure. Thus, our work provides a universal strategy that breaks through the traditional contradictions and paves the way for the commercialization of high-performance multifunctional PU elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mingchao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Petro China Lubricating Oil R&D Institute, Lanzhou 730060, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Fan X, Ge H, Yu Y, Li J, Zhou Z. The effect of salidroside on the bone and cartilage properties in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104274. [PMID: 39270480 PMCID: PMC11417263 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Leg disorders frequently occur in fast-growing broiler chickens, constituting severe health and welfare problems. Although salidroside (SAL) promotes osteogenesis and inhibits apoptosis of chondrocytes in rats, it remains to be determined whether SAL can effectively improve bone growth in broilers. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary SAL supplementation on bone and cartilage characteristics in broiler chickens. Ninety-six Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, low-dose SAL, medium-dose SAL, and high-dose SAL groups. The broiler chickens were raised until 42 d of age, with samples of bone and cartilage collected for biomechanical testing and bone metabolism index detection. The results showed that SAL significantly increased the vertical external diameter, cross-sectional moment of inertia, and cross-sectional area of the femur and tibia. Additionally, SAL enhanced bone mineral density and strength, as evidenced by significant increases in stiffness, Young's modulus, ultimate load, and fracture work of the femur and tibia. Furthermore, SAL influenced the relative content of phosphate, carbonate, and amide I in cortical bone. Moreover, SAL upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes (Collagen-1, RUNX2, BMP2, and ALP) in a dose-dependent manner and maintained the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of chondrocytes. These results indicated that SAL promoted leg health in broilers by improving bone and cartilage quality and enhancing chondrocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongfan Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianzeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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21
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Xu M, Cao R, Hao B, Wang D, Luo D, Dou H, Chen Z. Single-Anion Conductive Solid-State Electrolytes with Hierarchical Ionic Highways for Flexible Zinc-Air Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407380. [PMID: 38887170 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Flexible zinc-air batteries are leading power sources for next-generation smart wearable electronics. However, flexible zinc-air batteries suffer from the highly-corrosive safety risk and limited lifespan due to the absence of reliable solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). Herein, a single-anion conductive SSE with high-safety is constructed by incorporating a highly amorphous dual-cation ionomer into a robust hybrid matrix of functional carbon nanotubes and polyacrylamide polymer. The as-fabricated SSE obtains dual-penetrating ionomer-polymer networks and hierarchical ionic highways, which contribute to mechanical robustness with 1200 % stretchability, decent water uptake and retention, and superhigh ion conductivity of 245 mS ⋅ cm-1 and good Zn anode reversibility. Remarkably, the flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries delivers a high specific capacity of 764 mAh ⋅ g-1 and peak power density of 152 mW ⋅ cm-2 as well as sustains excellent cycling stability for 1050 cycles (350 hours). This work offers a new paradigm of OH- conductors and broadens the definition and scope of OH- conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
| | - Boying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
| | - Haozhen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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22
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Zhao R, Amstad E. Bio-Informed Porous Mineral-Based Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401052. [PMID: 39221524 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Certain biominerals, such as sea sponges and echinoderm skeletons, display a fascinating combination of mechanical properties and adaptability due to the well-defined structures spanning various length scales. These materials often possess high density normalized mechanical properties because they contain well-defined pores. The density-normalized mechanical properties of synthetic minerals are often inferior because the pores are stochastically distributed, resulting in an inhomogeneous stress distribution. The mechanical properties of synthetic materials are limited by the degree of structural and compositional control currently available fabrication methods offer. In the first part of this review, examples of structural elements nature uses to impart exceptional density normalized Young's moduli to its porous biominerals are showcased. The second part highlights recent advancements in the fabrication of bio-informed mineral-based composites possessing pores with diameters that span a wide range of length scales. The influence of the processing of mineral-based composites on their structures and mechanical properties is summarized. Thereby, it is aimed at encouraging further research directed to the sustainable, energy-efficient fabrication of synthetic lightweight yet stiff mineral-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Swiss National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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23
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Thoma A, Amstad E. Localized Ionic Reinforcement of Double Network Granular Hydrogels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311092. [PMID: 38747011 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Nature produces soft materials with fascinating combinations of mechanical properties. For example, the mussel byssus embodies a combination of stiffness and toughness, a feature that is unmatched by synthetic hydrogels. Key to enabling these excellent mechanical properties are the well-defined structures of natural materials and their compositions controlled on lengths scales down to tens of nanometers. The composition of synthetic materials can be controlled on a micrometer length scale if processed into densely packed microgels. However, these microgels are typically soft. Microgels can be stiffened by enhancing interactions between particles, for example through the formation of covalent bonds between their surfaces or a second interpenetrating hydrogel network. Nonetheless, changes in the composition of these synthetic materials occur on a micrometer length scale. Here, 3D printable load-bearing granular hydrogels are introduced whose composition changes on the tens of nanometer length scale. The hydrogels are composed of jammed microgels encompassing tens of nm-sized ionically reinforced domains that increase the stiffness of double network granular hydrogels up to 18-fold. The printability of the ink and the local reinforcement of the resulting granular hydrogels are leveraged to 3D print a butterfly with composition and structural changes on a tens of nanometer length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Thoma
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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24
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Song T, Zhao F, Yan L, Liu P, Yang J, Ruan C, Li D, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Structure driven bio-responsive ability of injectable nanocomposite hydrogels for efficient bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122601. [PMID: 38713973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are promising for treatment of bone defects in clinic owing to their minimally invasive procedure. Currently, there is limited emphasis on how to utilize injectable hydrogels to mobilize body's regenerative potential for enhancing bone regeneration. Herein, an injectable bone-mimicking hydrogel (BMH) scaffold assembled from nanocomposite microgel building blocks was developed, in which a highly interconnected microporous structure and an inorganic/organic (methacrylated hydroxyapatite and methacrylated gelatin) interweaved nano structure were well-designed. Compared with hydrogels lacking micro-nano structures or only showing microporous structure, the BMH scaffold enhanced the ingrowth of vessels and promoted the formation of dense cellular networks (including stem cells and M2 macrophages), across the entire scaffold at early stage after subcutaneous implantation. Moreover, the BMH scaffold could not only directly trigger osteogenic differentiation of the infiltrated stem cells, but also provided an instructive osteo-immune microenvironment by inducing macrophages into M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, our results reveal that the nano-rough structure of the BMH plays an essential role in inducing macrophage M2 polarization through activating mechanotransduction related RhoA/ROCK2 pathway. Overall, this work offers an injectable hydrogel with micro-nano structure driven bio-responsive abilities, highlighting harnessing body's inherent regenerative potential to realize bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fengxin Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Puxin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jirong Yang
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu, 610042, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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25
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Zhang M, Huang Z, Wang X, Liu X, He W, Li Y, Wu D, Wu S. Personalized PLGA/BCL Scaffold with Hierarchical Porous Structure Resembling Periosteum-Bone Complex Enables Efficient Repair of Bone Defect. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401589. [PMID: 39018263 PMCID: PMC11425253 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Using bone regeneration scaffolds to repair craniomaxillofacial bone defects is a promising strategy. However, most bone regeneration scaffolds still exist some issues such as a lack of barrier structure, inability to precisely match bone defects, and necessity to incorporate biological components to enhance efficacy. Herein, inspired by a periosteum-bone complex, a class of multifunctional hierarchical porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/baicalein scaffolds is facilely prepared by the union of personalized negative mold technique and phase separation strategy and demonstrated to precisely fit intricate bone defect cavity. The dense up-surface of the scaffold can prevent soft tissue cell penetration, while the loose bottom-surface can promote protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and cell infiltration. The interior macropores of the scaffold and the loaded baicalein can synergistically promote cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. These findings can open an appealing avenue for the development of personalized multifunctional hierarchical materials for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhang
- Hospital of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510055P. R. China
| | - Zhike Huang
- Medical Research InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xun Wang
- Hospital of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510055P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Hospital of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510055P. R. China
| | - Wenyi He
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Hospital of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510055P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Wu
- Hospital of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510055P. R. China
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26
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Grünewald TA, Liebi M, Birkedal H. Crossing length scales: X-ray approaches to studying the structure of biological materials. IUCRJ 2024; 11:708-722. [PMID: 39194257 PMCID: PMC11364038 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524007838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Biological materials have outstanding properties. With ease, challenging mechanical, optical or electrical properties are realised from comparatively `humble' building blocks. The key strategy to realise these properties is through extensive hierarchical structuring of the material from the millimetre to the nanometre scale in 3D. Though hierarchical structuring in biological materials has long been recognized, the 3D characterization of such structures remains a challenge. To understand the behaviour of materials, multimodal and multi-scale characterization approaches are needed. In this review, we outline current X-ray analysis approaches using the structures of bone and shells as examples. We show how recent advances have aided our understanding of hierarchical structures and their functions, and how these could be exploited for future research directions. We also discuss current roadblocks including radiation damage, data quantity and sample preparation, as well as strategies to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne Liebi
- Photon Science DivisionPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenPSI5232Switzerland
- Institute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry & iNANOAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 14Aarhus8000Denmark
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27
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Sayyad M, Bachchhav B, Salunkhe S, Cepova L, Struz J, Abouel Nasr E, El Mola KMG. Stiffness and stability of bamboo stem- A optimal design perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35403. [PMID: 39211924 PMCID: PMC11357745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
During the evolution process, a bamboo stem achieves a significant height (up to 20 m) to fulfil its phototropic requirements. While on land, the stem is mostly subjected to bending load which makes it liable to fail by uprooting. However, this failure is prohibited by smart structure of bamboo stem which includes graded arrangement of fibre bundles in the cross-section and a tapered cantilever form of the stem. This paper attempts to understand the optimal design of bamboo stem through the relationship between the stellar arrangement of stiff fibre bundles in the cross-section and the tapered form. In this work, a comparison between two types of stellar arrangement, namely uniform and graded, is presented in view of non-linear bending analysis through elastica theory and fracture-induced delamination, both numerically. It is observed from the results that a bamboo stem prefers to evolve with graded stellar arrangement which provides gradation of stiffness and toughness over the cross-section; the trend in toughness being opposite to that of stiffness. Moreover, interplay of stellar arrangement and gradation of stiffness-toughness thereof is found to be the governing mechanism for ensuring its mechanical integrity and stability in view of an optimal design perspective. The smart structure of bamboo is recommended for bio-mimicking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannan Sayyad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - Bhanudas Bachchhav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - Sachin Salunkhe
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
- Gazi University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maltepe, ANKARA, Turkey
| | - Lenka Cepova
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Struz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Machine Parts and Mechanism, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, CZ 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Emad Abouel Nasr
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M.S. Gad El Mola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering Program, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Zhang L, Du Q, Chen J, Liu Y, Chang J, Wu Z, Luo X. Highly-Strong and Highly-Tough Alginate Fibers with Photo-Modulating Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402949. [PMID: 39206754 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The good combination of high strength and high toughness is a long-standing challenge in the design of robust biomaterials. Meanwhile, robust biomaterials hardly perform fast and significant mechanical property changes under the trigger of light at room temperature. These limit the application of biomaterials in some specific areas. Here, photoresponsive alginate fibers are fabricated by using the designed azobenzene-containing surfactant as flexible contact point for cross-linking polysaccharide chains of alginate, which gain high mechanics through reinforced plastic strain and photo-modulating mechanics through isomerization of azobenzene. By transferring molecular motion into macro-scale mechanical property changes, such alginate fibers achieve reversible photo-modulations on the mechanics. Their breaking strength and toughness can be photo-modulated from 732 MPa and 112 MJ m-3 to 299 MPa and 27 MJ m-3, respectively, leading to record high mechanical changes among the developed smart biomaterials. With merits of good tolerance to pH and temperature, fast response to light, and good biocompatibility, the reported fibers will be suitable for working in various application scenarios as new smart biomaterials. This study provides a new design strategy for gaining highly-strong and highly-tough photoresponsive biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qianyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Jiahao Chang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zhongtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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29
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Prihar A, Gupta S, Esmaeeli HS, Moini R. Tough double-bouligand architected concrete enabled by robotic additive manufacturing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7498. [PMID: 39209811 PMCID: PMC11362293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nature has developed numerous design motifs by arranging modest materials into complex architectures. The damage-tolerant, double-bouligand architecture found in the coelacanth fish scale is comprised of collagen fibrils helically arranged in a bilayer manner. Here, we exploit the toughening mechanisms of double-bouligand designs by engineering architected concrete using a large-scale two-component robotic additive manufacturing process. The process enables intricate fabrication of the architected concrete components at large-scale. The double-bouligand designs are benchmarked against bouligand and conventional rectilinear counterparts and monolithic casts. In contrast to cast concrete, double-bouligand design demonstrates a non-brittle response and a rising R-curve, due to a hypothesized bilayer crack shielding mechanism. In addition, interlocking behind and crack deflection ahead of the crack tip in bilayer double-bouligand architected concrete elicits a 63% increase in fracture toughness compared to cast counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Prihar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hadi S Esmaeeli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Reza Moini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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30
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Jaeger HM, Murugan A, Nagel SR. Training physical matter to matter. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6695-6701. [PMID: 39140794 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Biological systems offer a great many examples of how sophisticated, highly adapted behavior can emerge from training. Here we discuss how training might be used to impart similarly adaptive properties in physical matter. As a special form of materials processing, training differs in important ways from standard approaches of obtaining sought after material properties. In particular, rather than designing or programming the local configurations and interactions of constituents, training uses externally applied stimuli to evolve material properties. This makes it possible to obtain different functionalities from the same starting material (pluripotency). Furthermore, training evolves a material in situ or under conditions similar to those during the intended use; thus, material performance can improve rather than degrade over time. We discuss requirements for trainability, outline recently developed training strategies for creating soft materials with multiple, targeted and adaptable functionalities, and provide examples where the concept of training has been applied to materials on length scales from the molecular to the macroscopic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich M Jaeger
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Arvind Murugan
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Sidney R Nagel
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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31
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Wang Y, Bao Y, Meng W. Lightweight Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate Nacre with High Strength and High Toughness. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23655-23671. [PMID: 39141799 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Low flexural strength and toughness have posed enduring challenges to cementitious materials. As the main hydration product of cement, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) plays important roles in the mechanical performance of cementitious materials while exhibiting random microstructures with pores and defects, which hinder mechanical enhancement. Inspired by the "brick-and-mortar" microstructure of natural nacre, this paper presents a method combining freeze casting, freeze-drying, in situ polymerization, and hot pressing to fabricate C-S-H nacre with high flexural strength, high toughness, and lightweight. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) was used to disperse C-S-H and toughen C-S-H building blocks, which function as "bricks", while poly(methyl methacrylate) was impregnated as "mortar". The flexural strength, toughness, and density of C-S-H nacre reached 124 MPa, 5173 kJ/m3, and 0.98 g/cm3, respectively. The flexural strength and toughness of the C-S-H nacre are 18 and 1230 times higher than those of cement paste, respectively, with a 60% reduction in density, outperforming existing cementitious materials and natural nacre. This research establishes the relationship between material composition, fabrication process, microstructure, and mechanical performance, facilitating the design of high-performance C-S-H-based and cement-based composites for scalable engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Weina Meng
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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32
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McCauley P, Bayles AV. Nozzle Innovations That Improve Capacity and Capabilities of Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2024; 4:368-380. [PMID: 39185389 PMCID: PMC11342301 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Multimaterial additive manufacturing incorporates multiple species within a single 3D-printed object to enhance its material properties and functionality. This technology could play a key role in distributed manufacturing. However, conventional layer-by-layer construction methods must operate at low volumetric throughputs to maintain fine feature resolution. One approach to overcome this challenge and increase production capacity is to structure multimaterial components in the printhead prior to deposition. Here we survey four classes of multimaterial nozzle innovations, nozzle arrays, coextruders, static mixers, and advective assemblers, designed for this purpose. Additionally, each design offers unique capabilities that provide benefits associated with accessible architectures, interfacial adhesion, material properties, and even living-cell viability. Accessing these benefits requires trade-offs, which may be mitigated with future investigation. Leveraging decades of research and development of multiphase extrusion equipment can help us engineer the next generation of 3D-printing nozzles and expand the capabilities and practical reach of multimaterial additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
J. McCauley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Bayles
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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33
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Chae I, Chung WJ, Jin HE, Yang RJ, Kim H, Lim B, Lee HJ, Kim SY, Lee SW. Evolutionary Design of Self-Templated Supramolecular Fibrils Using M13 Bacteriophage for Tissue Engineering. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10388-10395. [PMID: 39116280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials in nature form hierarchical structures and functions across various length scales through binding and assembly processes. Inspired by nature, we developed hierarchically organized tissue engineering materials through evolutionary screening and self-templating assembly. Leveraging the M13 bacteriophage (phage), we employed an evolutionary selection process against hydroxyapatite (HA) to isolate HA-binding phage (HAPh). The newly discovered phage exhibits a bimodal length, comprising 950 nm and 240 nm, where the synergistic effect of these dual lengths promotes the formation of supramolecular fibrils with periodic banded structures. The assembled HAPh fibrils show the capability of HA mineralization and the directional growth of osteoblast cells. When applied to a dentin surface, it induces the regeneration of dentin-like tissue structures, showcasing its potential applications as a scaffold in tissue engineering. The integration of evolutionary screening and self-templating assembly holds promise for the future development of hierarchically organized tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseok Chae
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert J Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Han Kim
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Butaek Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Jaekel EE, Torres GR, Antonietti M, Rojas OJ, Filonenko S. Cotton-quality fibers from complexation between anionic and cationic cellulose nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18406. [PMID: 39117853 PMCID: PMC11310312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers are attractive sustainable materials for production of fibers and composite materials. Cotton and flux are traditional plants used to produce textiles with comforting properties while technologies like Viscose, Lyocell and Ioncell-F allowed to extent fiber use into regenerated cellulose from wood. Neither natural nor man-made fibers completely satisfy the needs for cellulose based fabrics boosting development of new approaches to bring more sustainability into the fashion. Technologies like Spinnova are arising based on the spinning of mechanically pretreated cellulose materials with a lower environmental impact though challenged by the fiber quality and strength related to the inconsistency of the mechanical fibers. Nanoscaled cellulose is an excellent solution to improve the consistency of spin fibers, but charges introduced by traditional chemical treatments prevent rebuilding native hydrogen bonding and compromise the mechanical properties especially in wet conditions. We used nanocellulose with low surface charge isolated using reactive eutectic media to spin fibers able to restore the native hydrogen bonding and enable constitutional mechanical strength of cellulose. We performed un-optimized spinning to reveal the intrinsic properties of the fibers and confirmed the preserved strength of wet fibers compliant with the low surface charge enabling further engineering towards cotton-like fabric from wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Jaekel
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guillermo Reyes Torres
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 00076, Espoo, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 00076, Espoo, Finland
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall; Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, and Wood Science, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Svitlana Filonenko
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Zahra T, Javeria U, Jamal H, Baig MM, Akhtar F, Kamran U. A review of biocompatible polymer-functionalized two-dimensional materials: Emerging contenders for biosensors and bioelectronics applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342880. [PMID: 38969417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, a field pivotal in monitoring and stimulating biological processes, demands innovative nanomaterials as detection platforms. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their thin structures and exceptional physicochemical properties, have emerged as critical substances in this research. However, these materials face challenges in biomedical applications due to issues related to their biological compatibility, adaptability, functionality, and nano-bio surface characteristics. This review examines surface modifications using covalent and non-covalent-based polymer-functionalization strategies to overcome these limitations by enhancing the biological compatibility, adaptability, and functionality of 2D nanomaterials. These surface modifications aim to create stable and long-lasting therapeutic effects, significantly paving the way for the practical application of polymer-functionalized 2D materials in biosensors and bioelectronics. The review paper critically summarizes the surface functionalization of 2D nanomaterials with biocompatible polymers, including g-C3N4, graphene family, MXene, BP, MOF, and TMDCs, highlighting their current state, physicochemical structures, synthesis methods, material characteristics, and applications in biosensors and bioelectronics. The paper concludes with a discussion of prospects, challenges, and numerous opportunities in the evolving field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Umme Javeria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Jamal
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirza Mahmood Baig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Urooj Kamran
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden; Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bittolo Bon S, Libera V, Ceccarini MR, Malaspina R, Codini M, Valentini L. Development of Ultraviolet-Shielding Bamboo/Silk Fibroin Hybrid Films with Good Mechanical Properties: A Proof Study on Human Keratinocyte Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2244. [PMID: 39204465 PMCID: PMC11359062 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the preparation and characterization of water-stable films with UV-shielding and good mechanical properties, exploiting the synergistic effect of regenerated silk fibroin and bamboo-derived cellulose. Silk fibroin (SF)/bamboo (B) hybrid films are achieved by solubilizing both silk and bamboo fibers in formic acid with added CaCl2. Infrared spectroscopy indicates that SF, when combined with bamboo, undergoes a conformational transition, providing evidence of an increase in SF crystallinity. Exploiting the intrinsic absorption of SF in the ultraviolet region, UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to assess the glass transition temperature (Tg) of SF/B films, showing a decrease in Tg by increasing the SF content. The addition of 10 wt% SF to the B matrix improved the elastic modulus by about 10% while conserving the strain at break with respect to the neat B films, increasing the UV shielding properties, while water absorption suggested the material's hydrophilic and swelling capacity even after one month. The hybrid films showed, under solar irradiation, a photoprotective behavior on keratinocyte human cells by increasing cellular viability. These findings may find potential applications in functional fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bittolo Bon
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.B.B.); (V.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Valeria Libera
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.B.B.); (V.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.R.C.); (M.C.)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and INSTM Research Unit, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 8, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Rocco Malaspina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.B.B.); (V.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Valentini
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and INSTM Research Unit, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 8, 05100 Terni, Italy
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Xu J, Shao M, Chen T, Li S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang N, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang T. Super-Durable, Tough Shape-Memory Polymeric Materials Woven from Interlocking Rigid-Flexible Chains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406193. [PMID: 39099450 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Developing advanced engineering polymers that combine high strength and toughness represents not only a necessary path to excellence but also a major technical challenge. Here for the first time a rigid-flexible interlocking polymer (RFIP) is reported featuring remarkable mechanical properties, consisting of flexible polyurethane (PU) and rigid polyimide (PI) chains cleverly woven together around the copper(I) ions center. By rationally weaving PI, PU chains, and copper(I) ions, RFIP exhibits ultra-high strength (twice that of unwoven polymers, 91.4 ± 3.3 MPa), toughness (448.0 ± 14.2 MJ m-3), fatigue resistance (recoverable after 10 000 cyclic stretches), and shape memory properties. Simulation results and characterization analysis together support the correlation between microstructure and macroscopic features, confirming the greater cohesive energy of the interwoven network and providing insights into strengthening toughening mechanisms. The essence of weaving on the atomic and molecular levels is fused to obtain brilliant and valuable mechanical properties, opening new perspectives in designing robust and stable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingchao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tianze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zenghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Zandinejad A, Zadeh RS, Khanlar LN, Barmak AB, Revilla-León M. Fracture resistance, marginal and internal adaptation of innovative 3D-printed graded structure crown using a 3D jet printing technology. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:684-690. [PMID: 39118597 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to create a graded structured dental crown using 3D printing technology and investigate the fracture resistance and the adaptation of this new design. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dental crown with a uniform thickness of 1.5 mm was designed, and the exported stereolithography file (STL) was used to manufacture 30 crowns in three groups (n = 10), solid (SC), bilayer (BL), and multilayer (ML) crowns using 3D jet printing technology. Marginal and internal gaps were measured using the silicone replica technique. Crowns were then luted to a resin die using a temporary luting agent and the fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare the fracture resistance and the adaptation of crowns at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Mean marginal and internal gap of the ML group were 80 and 82 mm, respectively; which were significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than BL (203 and 183 mm) and SC (318 and 221 mm) groups. The SC group showed the highest mean load at fracture (2330 N) which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the BL (1716 N) and ML (1516 N) groups. CONCLUSION 3D jet printing technology provides an opportunity to manufacture crowns in a graded structure with various mechanical properties. This study provided an example of graded structured crowns and presented their fracture resistance. SC group had the highest fracture resistance; however, ML had the best marginal and internal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Zandinejad
- Implant Dentistry Associates of Arlington, ClearChoice, Arlington, Texas, USA
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ramtin Sadid Zadeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- A.T. Still University-Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, Kirksville, Missouri, USA
| | - Abdul Basir Barmak
- Clinical Research and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Zhang SC, Hou Y, Chen SM, He Z, Wang ZY, Zhu Y, Wu H, Gao HL, Yu SH. Highly Regular Layered Structure via Dual-Spatially-Confined Alignment of Nanosheets Enables High-Performance Nanocomposites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405682. [PMID: 38877752 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Assembling ultrathin nanosheets into layered structure represents one promising way to fabricate high-performance nanocomposites. However, how to minimize the internal defects of the layered assemblies to fully exploit the intrinsic mechanical superiority of nanosheets remains challenging. Here, a dual-scale spatially confined strategy for the co-assembly of ultrathin nanosheets with different aspect ratios into a near-perfect layered structure is developed. Large-aspect-ratio (LAR) nanosheets are aligned due to the microscale confined space of a flat microfluidic channel, small-aspect-ratio (SAR) nanosheets are aligned due to the nanoscale confined space between adjacent LAR nanosheets. During this co-assembly process, SAR nanosheets can flatten LAR nanosheets, thus reducing wrinkles and pores of the assemblies. Benefiting from the precise alignment (orientation degree of 90.74%) of different-sized nanosheets, efficient stress transfer between nanosheets and interlayer matrix is achieved, resulting in layered nanocomposites with multiscale mechanical enhancement and superior fatigue durability (100 000 bending cycles). The proposed co-assembly strategy can be used to orderly integrate high-quality nanosheets with different sizes or diverse functions toward high-performance or multifunctional nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - YuanZhen Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Si-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials (I2M), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Huai-Ling Gao
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials (I2M), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Tuo Z, Yang K, Ma S, Cui J, Shi Y, Zhao H, Liang Y, Liu C, Lin Z, Han Z, Ren L. Multi-Level Structural Enhancement Mechanism of the Excellent Mechanical Properties of Dung Beetle Leg Joint. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311588. [PMID: 38497502 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The multi-level structure is a strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of dung beetle leg joints. Under external loads, the microstructure facilitates energy dissipation and prevents crack extension. The macrostructure aids in transferring the load to more reliable parts. The connection established by the two hemispheres is present in the dung beetle leg joint. The micron-layered and nanoscale crystal structures further constitute the leg joint with excellent mechanical properties. The maximum compression fracture force is ≈101000 times the weight of the leg. Here, the structural design within the dung beetle leg joints and reveal the resulting mechanical response and enhancement mechanisms is determined. A series of beetle leg joints where the macrostructure and microstructure of the dung beetle leg provide mechanical strength at critical strains while avoiding catastrophic failure by transferring the load from the joint to the exoskeleton of the femur is highlighted. Nanocrystalline structures and fiber layers contribute to crack propagation of the exoskeleton. Based on this, the bionic joint with multi-level structures using resin and conducted a series of tests to verify their effectiveness is prepared. This study provides a new idea for designing and optimizing high-load joints in engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Tuo
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Kaisheng Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Suqian Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiandong Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yunhong Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Changyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhaohua Lin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
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Cheng C, Liao X, Silva JMDSE, Conceição ALC, Carlos D, Agarwal S, Hou H, Greiner A, Feng W. Polymeric Fibers with High Strength and High Toughness at Extreme Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407712. [PMID: 38940342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Developing strong and simultaneously tough polymeric materials with excellent thermal stability and mechanical performance even under extreme temperatures is truly a challenge. In a disruptive progress, continuous polymeric yarns are developed with a combination of high tensile strength of (1145 ± 44) MPa and ultrahigh toughness of (350 ± 24) J g-1 and high thermomechanical properties from -196 to 200 °C. The comprehensive thermomechanical performance of this yarn surpasses that of previously developed polymeric materials and dragline spider silks. The results demonstrate that the molecular structure of polyimide (PI) with the incorporation of flexible-rigid macromolecular, hierarchically spiral-oriented fibers, and high glass transition temperature (248 °C) are keys for the yarn's notable comprehensive performance in thermomechanical properties. The materials are ideal for technical components exposed to high thermomechanical loadings, such as those encountered in spacecraft or automotive engineering for safety-critical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyun Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | | | - Andre L C Conceição
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dias Carlos
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Haoqing Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Peng L, Fang Z, Lin X, Li G, Chen K, Qiu X. The Critical Role of Ca 2+ in Improving the Transparency and Strength of High-Filler-Content Nanocellulose/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38387-38394. [PMID: 38981092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Strong and transparent nanocellulose/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite films with high filler content (≥50 wt %) are emerging as versatile materials for advanced applications due to their excellent optical, barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties, and environmental friendliness. Nonetheless, these films undergo a notable decline in optical and mechanical properties at high MMT loadings. This study first demonstrates that calcium-ion-induced tactoids are the key factor causing disordered structures in nanocomposite films, leading to the degradation of optical and mechanical properties. We then address this issue by employing a Ca2+ removal strategy─dialysis. Through removing 43% of free Ca2+, simultaneous improvements in both properties are observed. For example, in a nanocomposite film with 70 wt % MMT, light transmittance increases from 75.9 to 91.6%, and the tensile strength rises from 100.4 to 139.4 MPa. This work offers insights into developing strong and transparent nanocomposite films with high MMT contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kaihuang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Yin R, Fan Z, Zhou X, Cheng H, Hong C, Zhang X. Significantly Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal, and Ablative Properties of the Lightweight Carbon Fabric/Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin/Siloxane Aerogels Ternary Interpenetrating Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38520-38530. [PMID: 38980947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight ablative thermal protection materials (TPMs), which can resist long-term ablation in an oxidizing atmosphere, are urgently required for aerospace vehicles. Herein, carbon fabric/phenol-formaldehyde resin/siloxane aerogels (CF/PFA/SiA) nanocomposite with interpenetrating network multiscale structure was developed via simple and efficient sol-gel followed by atmospheric pressure drying. The ternary networks structurally interpenetrating in macro-, micron-, and the nanoscales, chemically cross-linking at the molecular scale, and silica layer generated by in situ heating synergistically bring about low density (∼0.3 g cm-3), enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, and oxidation resistance, and a low thermal conductivity of 81 mW m-1 K-1. More intriguingly, good thermal protection with near-zero surface recession at 1300 °C for 300 s and remarkable thermal insulation with a back-side temperature below 60 °C at 20 mm thickness. The interpenetrating network strategy can be extended to other porous components with excellent high-temperature properties, such as ZrO2 and SiC, which will facilitate the improvement of lightweight ablative TPMs. Moreover, it may open a new avenue for fabricating multifunctional binary, ternary, and even multiple interpenetrating network materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Rongying Yin
- Harbin Aircraft Industry (Group) Co. Ltd, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Harbin 150060, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Fan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Cheng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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Yan J, Zhou T, Yang X, Zhang Z, Li L, Zou Z, Fu Z, Cheng Q. Strong and Tough MXene Bridging-induced Conductive Nacre. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405228. [PMID: 38744669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nacre is a classic model, providing an inspiration for fabricating high-performance bulk nanocomposites with the two-dimensional platelets. However, the "brick" of nacre, aragonite platelet, is an ideal building block for making high-performance bulk nanocomposites. Herein, we demonstrated a strong and tough conductive nacre through reassembling aragonite platelets with bridged by MXene nanosheets and hydrogen bonding, not only providing high mechanical properties but also excellent electrical conductivity. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the obtained conductive nacre reach ~282 MPa and ~6.3 MPa m1/2, which is 1.6 and 1.6 times higher than that of natural nacre, respectively. These properties are attributed to densification and high orientation degree of the conductive nacre, which is effectively induced by the combined interactions of hydrogen bonding and MXene nanosheets bridging. The crack propagations in conductive nacre are effectively inhibited through crack deflection with hydrogen bonding, and MXene nanosheets bridging between aragonite platelets. In addition, our conductive nacre also provides a self-monitoring function for structural damage and offers exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Our strategy of reassembling the aragonite platelets exfoliated from waste nacre into high-performance artificial nacre, provides an avenue for fabricating high-performance bulk nanocomposites through the sustainable reutilization of shell resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tianzhu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
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Wei J, Wang Z, Pan F, Yuan T, Fang Y, Gao C, Ping H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Fu Z. Biosustainable Multiscale Transparent Nanocomposite Films for Sensitive Pressure and Humidity Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37122-37130. [PMID: 38953852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Light weight, thinness, transparency, flexibility, and insulation are the key indicators for flexible electronic device substrates. The common flexible substrates are usually polymer materials, but their recycling is an overwhelming challenge. Meanwhile, paper substrates are limited in practical applications because of their poor mechanical and thermal stability. However, natural biomaterials have excellent mechanical properties and versatility thanks to their organic-inorganic multiscale structures, which inspired us to design an organic-inorganic nanocomposite film. For this purpose, a bio-inspired multiscale film was developed using cellulose nanofibers with abundant hydrophilic functional groups to assist in dispersing hydroxyapatite nanowires. The thickness of the biosustainable film is only 40 μm, and it incorporates distinctive mechanical properties (strength: 52.8 MPa; toughness: 0.88 MJ m-3) and excellent optical properties (transmittance: 80.0%; haze: 71.2%). Consequently, this film is optimal as a substrate employed for flexible sensors, which can transmit capacitance and resistance signals through wireless Bluetooth, showing an ultrasensitive response to pressure and humidity (for example, responding to finger pressing with 5000% signal change and exhaled water vapor with 4000% signal change). Therefore, the comprehensive performance of the biomimetic multiscale organic-inorganic composite film confers a prominent prospect in flexible electronics devices, food packaging, and plastic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Wei
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlai Fang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Caiqin Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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46
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Cui J, Zeng F, Wei D, Wang Y. Unraveling the effects of geometrical parameters on dynamic impact responses of graphene reinforced polymer nanocomposites using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19266-19281. [PMID: 38962897 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nacre plays an important role in bionic design due to its light weight, high strength, and structure-function integration. The key to elucidate its reinforcing and toughening mechanisms is to truly characterize its multi-layer structure and properties. In this work, the dynamic impact responses of graphene reinforced polymer nanocomposites with a unique brick-and-mortar structure are investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, in which the interfacial coarse-grained force field between graphene and the polymer matrix is derived by the energy matching approach. The influences of various geometrical parameters on dynamic impact responses of the nanocomposites are studied, including the interlayer distance, lateral distance, and number of graphene layers. The results demonstrate that the impact resistance of the nacre-like structure can be significantly improved by tuning the geometrical parameters of graphene layers. It is also found that the chain scission and interchain disentanglement of polymer chains are the main failure mechanisms during the perforation failure process as compared to the stretching and breaking of bonds. In addition, the microstructure analysis is performed to deeply interpret the deformation and damage mechanisms of the nanocomposites during impact. This study could be helpful for the rational design and preparation of graphene reinforced nacre-like nanocomposites with high impact resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Cui
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fanlin Zeng
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dahai Wei
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environment, Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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47
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Bhat C, Prajapati MJ, Kumar A, Jeng JY. Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Advanced Design and Process Strategies for Multi-Functional Lattice Structures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3398. [PMID: 39063693 PMCID: PMC11277650 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The properties of each lattice structure are a function of four basic lattice factors, namely the morphology of the unit cell, its tessellation, relative density, and the material properties. The recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) have facilitated the easy manipulation of these factors to obtain desired functionalities. This review attempts to expound on several such strategies to manipulate these lattice factors. Several design-based grading strategies, such as functional grading, with respect to size and density manipulation, multi-morphology, and spatial arrangement strategies, have been discussed and their link to the natural occurrences are highlighted. Furthermore, special emphasis is given to the recently designed tessellation strategies to deliver multi-functional lattice responses. Each tessellation on its own acts as a novel material, thereby tuning the required properties. The subsequent section explores various material processing techniques with respect to multi-material AM to achieve multi-functional properties. The sequential combination of multiple materials generates novel properties that a single material cannot achieve. The last section explores the scope for combining the design and process strategies to obtain unique lattice structures capable of catering to advanced requirements. In addition, the future role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in developing function-specific lattice properties is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmai Bhat
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Mayur Jiyalal Prajapati
- Taiwan High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Design for Additive Manufacturing & Innovation (DAMi) Lab, Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jeng-Ywan Jeng
- Taiwan High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI ERIC), 252 41 Prague, Czech Republic
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48
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Aminzare M, Li Y, Mahshid S, Dorval Courchesne NM. Mimicking nature to develop halide perovskite semiconductors from proteins and metal carbonates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15357. [PMID: 38965313 PMCID: PMC11224268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Halide perovskite (HPs) nanostructures have recently gained extensive worldwide attentions because of their remarkable optoelectronic properties and fast developments. However, intrinsic instability against environmental factors-i.e., temperature, humidity, illumination, and oxygen-restricted their real-life applications. HPs are typically synthesized as colloids by employing organic solvents and ligands. Consequently, the precise control and tuning of complex 3D perovskite morphologies are challenging and have hardly been achieved by conventional fabrication methods. Here, we combine the benefits of self-assembly of biomolecules and an ion exchange reaction (IER) approach to customize HPs spatial shapes and composition. Initially, we apply a biomineralization approach, using biological templates (such as biopolymers, proteins, or protein assemblies), modulating the morphology of MCO3 (M = Ca2+, Ba2+) nano/microstructures. We then show that the morphology of the materials can be maintained throughout an IER process to form surface HPs with a wide variety of morphologies. The fabricated core-shell structures of metal carbonates and HPs introduce nano/microcomposites that can be sculpted into a wide diversity of 3D architectures suitable for various potential applications such as sensors, detectors, catalysis, etc. As a prototype, we fabricate disposable humidity sensors with an 11-95% detection range by casting the formed bio-templated nano/micro-composites on paper substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Aminzare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yangshixing Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Zhong J, Wen Z, Wu Y, Luo H, Liu G, Hu J, Song H, Wang T, Liang X, Zhou H, Huang W, Zhou H. A Bioinspired Design of Protective Al 2O 3/Polyurethane Hierarchical Composite Film Through Layer-By-Layer Deposition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402940. [PMID: 38767181 PMCID: PMC11267295 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Structural materials such as ceramics, metals, and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) are frequently threatened by large compressive and impact forces. Energy absorption layers, i.e., polyurethane and silicone foams with excellent damping properties, are applied on the surfaces of different substrates to absorb energy. However, the amount of energy dissipation and penetration resistance are limited in commercial polyurethane foams. Herein, a distinctive nacre-like architecture design strategy is proposed by integrating hard porous ceramic frameworks and flexible polyurethane buffers to improve energy absorption and impact resistance. Experimental investigations reveal the bioinspired designs exhibit optimized hardness, strength, and modulus compared to that of polyurethane. Due to the multiscale energy dissipation mechanisms, the resulting normalized absorbed energy (≈8.557 MJ m-3) is ≈20 times higher than polyurethane foams under 50% quasi-static compression. The bioinspired composites provide superior protection for structural materials (CFRP, glass, and steel), surpassing polyurethane films under impact loadings. It is shown CFRP coated with the designed materials can withstand more than ten impact loadings (in energy of 10 J) without obvious damage, which otherwise delaminates after a single impact. This biomimetic design strategy holds the potential to offer valuable insights for the development of lightweight, energy-absorbent, and impact-resistant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Zhixiong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Luoyang Ship Material Research InstituteLuoyang471023China
| | - Hao Luo
- Luoyang Ship Material Research InstituteLuoyang471023China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Luoyang Ship Material Research InstituteLuoyang471023China
| | - Jianqiao Hu
- LNMInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Hengxu Song
- LNMInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety ProtectionBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Xudong Liang
- School of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)Shenzhen518055China
| | - Helezi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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50
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Ansari AI, Ahmad Sheikh N, Kumar N. Mechanical and in vitro study of 3D printed silk fibroin and bone-based composites biomaterials for bone implant application. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024; 238:774-792. [PMID: 39045911 DOI: 10.1177/09544119241259071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
When treating orthopaedic damage or illness and accidental fracture, bone grafting remains the gold standard of treatment. In cases where this approach does not seem achievable, bone tissue engineering can offer scaffolding as a substitute. Defective and fractured bone tissue is extracted and substituted with porous scaffold structures to aid in the process of tissue regeneration. 3D bioprinting has demonstrated enormous promise in recent years for producing scaffold structures with the necessary capabilities. In order to create composite biomaterial inks for 3D bioprinting, three different materials were combined such as silk fibroin, bone particles, and synthetic biopolymer poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL). These biomaterials were used to fabricate the two composites scaffolds such as: silk fibroin + bovine bone (SFB) and silk fibroin + bovine bone + Polycaprolactone (SFBP). The biomechanical, structural, and biological elements of the manufactured composite scaffolds were characterized in order to determine their suitability as a possible biomaterial for the production of bone tissue. The in vitro bioactivity of the two composite scaffolds was assessed in the simulated body fluids, and the swelling and degradation characteristics of the two developed scaffolds were analyzed separately over time. The results showed that the mechanical durability of the composite scaffolds was enhanced by the bovine bone particles, up to a specific concentration in the silk fibroin matrix. Furthermore, the incorporation of bone particles improved the bioactive composite scaffolds' capacity to generate hydroxyapatite in vitro. The combined findings show that the two 3D printed bio-composites scaffolds have the required mechanical strength and may be applied to regeneration of bone tissue and restoration, since they resemble the characteristics of native bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran Ansari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nazir Ahmad Sheikh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Ropar, Punjab, India
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