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Liu Q, Xu W, Huang H, Shou H, Low J, Dai Y, Gong W, Li Y, Duan D, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Cao D, Wei K, Long R, Chen S, Song L, Xiong Y. Spectroscopic visualization of reversible hydrogen spillover between palladium and metal-organic frameworks toward catalytic semihydrogenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2562. [PMID: 38519485 PMCID: PMC10959988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen spillover widely occurs in a variety of hydrogen-involved chemical and physical processes. Recently, metal-organic frameworks have been extensively explored for their integration with noble metals toward various hydrogen-related applications, however, the hydrogen spillover in metal/MOF composite structures remains largely elusive given the challenges of collecting direct evidence due to system complexity. Here we show an elaborate strategy of modular signal amplification to decouple the behavior of hydrogen spillover in each functional regime, enabling spectroscopic visualization for interfacial dynamic processes. Remarkably, we successfully depict a full picture for dynamic replenishment of surface hydrogen atoms under interfacial hydrogen spillover by quick-scanning extended X-ray absorption fine structure, in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics calculation. With interfacial hydrogen spillover, Pd/ZIF-8 catalyst shows unique alkyne semihydrogenation activity and selectivity for alkynes molecules. The methodology demonstrated in this study also provides a basis for further exploration of interfacial species migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxi Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hongwei Shou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jingxiang Low
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yitao Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wanbing Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Delong Duan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yawen Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Guikai Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dengfeng Cao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Kecheng Wei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ran Long
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Shuangming Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Li Song
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
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Zhao H, Yin Y, Wu Y, Zhang S, Mingers AM, Ponge D, Gault B, Rohwerder M, Raabe D. How solute atoms control aqueous corrosion of Al-alloys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:561. [PMID: 38228660 PMCID: PMC10792079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aluminum alloys play an important role in circular metallurgy due to their good recyclability and 95% energy gain when made from scrap. Their low density and high strength translate linearly to lower greenhouse gas emissions in transportation, and their excellent corrosion resistance enhances product longevity. The durability of Al alloys stems from the dense barrier oxide film strongly bonded to the surface, preventing further degradation. However, despite decades of research, the individual elemental reactions and their influence on the nanoscale characteristics of the oxide film during corrosion in multicomponent Al alloys remain unresolved questions. Here, we build up a direct correlation between the near-atomistic picture of the corrosion oxide film and the solute reactivity in the aqueous corrosion of a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. We reveal the formation of nanocrystalline Al oxide and highlight the solute partitioning between the oxide and the matrix and segregation to the internal interface. The sharp decrease in partitioning content of Mg in the peak-aged alloy emphasizes the impact of heat treatment on the oxide stability and corrosion kinetics. Through H isotopic labelling with deuterium, we provide direct evidence that the oxide acts as a trap for this element, pointing at the essential role of the Al oxide might act as a kinetic barrier in preventing H embrittlement. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of further improving the stability of Al oxide, guiding the design of corrosion-resistant alloys for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Yin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Ponge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Dierk Raabe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Yoon G, Kim S, Kim J. Design Strategies for Anodes and Interfaces Toward Practical Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302263. [PMID: 37544910 PMCID: PMC10520671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state Li-metal batteries (based on solid-state electrolytes) offer excellent safety and exhibit high potential to overcome the energy-density limitations of current Li-ion batteries, making them suitable candidates for the rapidly developing fields of electric vehicles and energy-storage systems. However, establishing close solid-solid contact is challenging, and Li-dendrite formation in solid-state electrolytes at high current densities causes fatal technical problems (due to high interfacial resistance and short-circuit failure). The Li metal/solid electrolyte interfacial properties significantly influence the kinetics of Li-metal batteries and short-circuit formation. This review discusses various strategies for introducing anode interlayers, from the perspective of reducing the interfacial resistance and preventing short-circuit formation. In addition, 3D anode structural-design strategies are discussed to alleviate the stress caused by volume changes during charging and discharging. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive anode/electrolyte interface control and anode design strategies that reduce the interfacial resistance, hinder short-circuit formation, and facilitate stress relief for developing Li-metal batteries with commercial-level performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Yoon
- Battery Material TUSamsung Advanced Institute of Technology130, Samsung‐ro, Yeongtong‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do443‐803Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Kim
- Battery Material TUSamsung Advanced Institute of Technology130, Samsung‐ro, Yeongtong‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do443‐803Republic of Korea
| | - Ju‐Sik Kim
- Battery Material TUSamsung Advanced Institute of Technology130, Samsung‐ro, Yeongtong‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do443‐803Republic of Korea
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Huang L, Chen D, Xie D, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Raabe D, Ma E, Li J, Shan Z. Quantitative tests revealing hydrogen-enhanced dislocation motion in α-iron. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01537-w. [PMID: 37081170 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement jeopardizes the use of high-strength steels in critical load-bearing applications. However, uncertainty regarding how hydrogen affects dislocation motion, owing to the lack of quantitative experimental evidence, hinders our understanding of hydrogen embrittlement. Here, by studying the well-controlled, cyclic, bow-out motions of individual screw dislocations in α-iron, we find that the critical stress for initiating dislocation motion in a 2 Pa electron-beam-excited H2 atmosphere is 27-43% lower than that in a vacuum environment, proving that hydrogen enhances screw dislocation motion. Moreover, we find that aside from vacuum degassing, cyclic loading and unloading facilitates the de-trapping of hydrogen, allowing the dislocation to regain its hydrogen-free behaviour. These findings at the individual dislocation level can inform hydrogen embrittlement modelling and guide the design of hydrogen-resistant steels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchao Huang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengke Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Degang Xie
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suzhi Li
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ting Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - En Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhiwei Shan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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5
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The evolution of hydrogen bubbles during ion irradiation and annealing in molybdenum for neutral beam injection inductively coupled plasma source. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhao H, Zhu Y, Ye H, He Y, Li H, Sun Y, Yang F, Wang R. Atomic-Scale Structure Dynamics of Nanocrystals Revealed By In Situ and Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206911. [PMID: 36153832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are of great importance in material sciences and industry. Engineering nanocrystals with desired structures and properties is no doubt one of the most important challenges in the field, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics of nanocrystals during the process. The rapid developments of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), especially environmental TEM, reveal insights into nanocrystals to digest. According to the considerable progress based on in situ electron microscopy, a comprehensive review on nanocrystal dynamics from three aspects: nucleation and growth, structure evolution, and dynamics in reaction conditions are given. In the nucleation and growth part, existing nucleation theories and growth pathways are organized based on liquid and gas-solid phases. In the structure evolution part, the focus is on in-depth mechanistic understanding of the evolution, including defects, phase, and disorder/order transitions. In the part of dynamics in reaction conditions, solid-solid and gas-solid interfaces of nanocrystals in atmosphere are discussed and the structure-property relationship is correlated. Even though impressive progress is made, additional efforts are required to develop the integrated and operando TEM methodologies for unveiling nanocrystal dynamics with high spatial, energy, and temporal resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huanyu Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Somjit V, Yildiz B. Atomic and Electronic Structure of the Al 2O 3/Al Interface during Oxide Propagation Probed by Ab Initio Grand Canonical Monte Carlo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42613-42627. [PMID: 36084258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the structure of the Al2O3/Al interface is important for advancing its performance in a wide range of applications, including microelectronics, corrosion barriers, and superconducting qubits. However, beyond the study of a few select terminations of the interface using computational methods, and top-down, laterally averaged spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, the explicit structure of the interface and the initial stages of propagation of the interface into the metal are largely unresolved. In this study, we utilize ab initio grand canonical Monte Carlo to perform a physically motivated, unbiased exploration of the interfacial composition and configuration space. We find that at equilibrium, the interface is atomically sharp with aluminum vacancies and propagates in a layer-by-layer fashion, with aluminum excess in the oxide layer at the interfacial plane. Oxygen incorporation, aluminum vacancy formation, and aluminum vacancy annihilation are the building blocks of Al2O3 formation at the interface. The localized interfacial mid-gap states from under-coordinated aluminum atoms from the oxide and the immediate depletion of aluminum states near the Fermi level upon oxygen incorporation prevent oxygen dissolution ahead of the interface front and result in the layer-by-layer propagation of the interface. This is in sharp contrast to the ZrO2/Zr system, which forms interfacial sub-oxides, and also explains the favorable self-healing nature of the Al2O3/Al system. The occupied interfacial mid-gap states also increase the calculated n-type Schottky barrier heights. Additionally, we identify that interfacial aluminum core-level shifts linearly depend on the aluminum coordination number, whereas interfacial oxygen core-level shifts depend on long-range ordering at the interface. The detailed geometric and electronic insights into the interface structure and evolution expand our understanding of this fundamental interface and have important implications for the engineering and design of Al2O3/Al-based corrosion coatings with enhanced barrier properties, controllable transistor technologies, and noise-free superconducting qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrindaa Somjit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Direct measuring of single-heterogeneous bubble nucleation mediated by surface topology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205827119. [PMID: 35858338 PMCID: PMC9303989 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205827119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous bubble nucleation is one of the most fundamental interfacial processes ranging from nature to technology. There is excellent evidence that surface topology is important in directing heterogeneous nucleation; however, deep understanding of the energetics by which nanoscale architectures promote nucleation is still challenging. Herein, we report a direct and quantitative measurement of single-bubble nucleation on a single silica nanoparticle within a microsized droplet using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy. Local gas concentration at nucleation is determined from finite element simulation at the corresponding faradaic current of the peak-featured voltammogram. It is demonstrated that the criteria gas concentration for nucleation first drops and then rises with increasing nanoparticle radius. An optimum nanoparticle radius around 10 nm prominently expedites the nucleation by facilitating the special topological nanoconfinements that consequently catalyze the nucleation. Moreover, the experimental result is corroborated by our theoretical calculations of free energy change based on the classic nucleation theory. This study offers insights into the impact of surface topology on heterogenous nucleation that have not been previously observed.
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9
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Effect of Grain Orientation on Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Interstitial-Free Steel. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In interstitial-free (IF) steel with a certain microtexture, the micro-orientation of grains is essential to understand the occurrence of hydrogen-induced cracking in body-centered cubic (BCC) structural steels. In this study, the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of IF steels was determined by slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests and hydrogen microprinting (HMT) experiments from the perspective of crystal orientation. The strength of the specimen with hydrogen was slightly higher than that without hydrogen, while the ductility and toughness were drastically reduced by hydrogen charging during the SSRT test. The HE susceptibility was characterized by the loss of elongation (Iδ) and toughness (Iψ), with losses of 46.3% and 70%, respectively. The microstructural observations indicate that cracks initiated along grains oriented in the {100} || normal direction (ND), and grain boundaries (GBs) around {100}||ND were prone to be enriched in hydrogen atoms; that is, {100} || ND showed poor resistance to intergranular cracking and susceptible to hydrogen segregation. HMT was used to confirm the above viewpoints. Meanwhile, the statistical results showed those high-angle misorientations of 50–60° deviation are the locations most vulnerable to fracture.
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10
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Fang S, Hu YH. Thermo-photo catalysis: a whole greater than the sum of its parts. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3609-3647. [PMID: 35419581 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-photo catalysis, which is the catalysis with the participation of both thermal and photo energies, not only reduces the large energy consumption of thermal catalysis but also addresses the low efficiency of photocatalysis. As a whole greater than the sum of its parts, thermo-photo catalysis has been proven as an effective and promising technology to drive chemical reactions. In this review, we first clarify the definition (beyond photo-thermal catalysis and plasmonic catalysis), classification, and principles of thermo-photo catalysis and then reveal its superiority over individual thermal catalysis and photocatalysis. After elucidating the design principles and strategies toward highly efficient thermo-photo catalytic systems, an ample discussion on the synergetic effects of thermal and photo energies is provided from two perspectives, namely, the promotion of photocatalysis by thermal energy and the promotion of thermal catalysis by photo energy. Subsequently, state-of-the-art techniques applied to explore thermo-photo catalytic mechanisms are reviewed, followed by a summary on the broad applications of thermo-photo catalysis and its energy management toward industrialization. In the end, current challenges and potential research directions related to thermo-photo catalysis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
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11
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Matsumura R, Fukata N. Direct Detection of Free H 2 Outgassing in Blisters Formed in Al 2O 3 Atomic Layers Deposited on Si and Methods of Its Prevention. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1472-1477. [PMID: 34958568 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of blistering, seen in atomic layer-deposited aluminum oxide layers caused by thermal treatment, represents a serious problem in the field of device fabrication. Determining its causes and controlling them have been a major task in this field. Various groups have so far confronted the challenge, with several mechanisms having been proposed, but it is still under investigation. This paper reports how we have systematically characterized and summarized the blistering phenomenon from the viewpoints of annealing temperature and Al2O3-Si interface conditions. In this study, we have succeeded in directly detecting hydrogen gas generation from the interface between Si and Al2O3 using blister-penetrating Raman spectroscopy. The results have enabled us to propose a mechanism for blister formation using a hydrogen outgassing model. Based on our model, we also propose a method of suppressing blister formation by applying surface treatment or passivation to eliminate the Si-H bonds. These discoveries and methods will provide important insights that are applicable to a wide range of applications such as electronic devices and nanostructured solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsumura
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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12
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He L, Sun Q, Lu L, Adams S. Understanding and Preventing Dendrite Growth in Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34320-34331. [PMID: 34275274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendrite growth under large current density is the key intrinsic issue impeding a wider application of Li metal anodes. Previous studies mainly focused on avoiding dendrite growth by building an additional interface layer or surface modification. However, the mechanism and factors affecting dendrite growth for Li metal anodes are still unclear. Herein, we analyze the causes for dendrite growth, which leads us to suggest three-dimensional (3D) metal anodes as a promising approach to overcome the dendrite issues. A 3D composite Li anode was prepared from renewable carbonized wood doped with Sn to demonstrate its superior electrochemical performance compared with Li foils. The anode was cycled at various current densities from 0.1 to 10 mA cm-2 for five cycles at each current density, displaying low overpotential compared with conventional Li foils. Long galvanostatic cycling at 1 mA cm-2 for 1000 h and at 2 mA cm-2 for 500 h was achieved without dendrite growth. Further analysis reveals that the 3D structure facilitates surface diffusion by increasing the surface area from 5.23 × 10-3 m2 g-1 (Li foil) to 2.64 m2 g-1 and by creating nanoscale separation walls. The tin alloying effectively prevents non-uniform lithium plating by creating abundant nucleation centers. Additionally, suitable alloying elements for a wider range of 3D Li anodes have been identified from density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchun He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Qiaomei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 401123, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Adams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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13
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Boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production from water by photothermally induced biphase systems. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1343. [PMID: 33637719 PMCID: PMC7910610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven hydrogen production from water using particulate photocatalysts is considered the most economical and effective approach to produce hydrogen fuel with little environmental concern. However, the efficiency of hydrogen production from water in particulate photocatalysis systems is still low. Here, we propose an efficient biphase photocatalytic system composed of integrated photothermal-photocatalytic materials that use charred wood substrates to convert liquid water to water steam, simultaneously splitting hydrogen under light illumination without additional energy. The photothermal-photocatalytic system exhibits biphase interfaces of photothermally-generated steam/photocatalyst/hydrogen, which significantly reduce the interface barrier and drastically lower the transport resistance of the hydrogen gas by nearly two orders of magnitude. In this work, an impressive hydrogen production rate up to 220.74 μmol h-1 cm-2 in the particulate photocatalytic systems has been achieved based on the wood/CoO system, demonstrating that the photothermal-photocatalytic biphase system is cost-effective and greatly advantageous for practical applications.
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14
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Ding J, Wang L, Wu P, Li A, Li W, Stampfl C, Liao X, Haynes BS, Han X, Huang J. Confined Ru Nanocatalysts on Surface to Enhance Ammonia Synthesis: An In situ ETEM Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ding
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- School of Physics Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100024 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100024 P. R. China
| | - Catherine Stampfl
- School of Physics Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Xiaozhou Liao
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100024 P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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15
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Du JP, Geng WT, Arakawa K, Li J, Ogata S. Hydrogen-Enhanced Vacancy Diffusion in Metals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7015-7020. [PMID: 32786653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vacancy diffusion is fundamental to materials science. Hydrogen atoms bind strongly to vacancies and are often believed to retard vacancy diffusion. Here, we use a potential-of-mean-force method to study the diffusion of vacancies in Cu and Pd. We find H atoms, instead of dragging, enhance the diffusivity of vacancies due to a positive hydrogen Gibbs excess at the saddle-point: that is, the migration saddle attracts more H than the vacancy ground state, characterized by an activation excess ΓHm ≈ 1 H, together with also-positive migration activation volume Ωm and activation entropy Sm. Thus, according to the Gibbs adsorption isotherm generalized to the activation path, a higher μH significantly lowers the migration free-energy barrier. This is verified by ab initio grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and direct molecular dynamics simulations. This trend is believed to be generic for migrating dislocations, grain boundaries, and so on that also have a higher capacity for attracting H atoms due to a positive activation volume at the migration saddles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Du
- Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - W T Geng
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kazuto Arakawa
- Next Generation TATARA Co-Creation Centre, Organization for Industrial Innovation, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shigenobu Ogata
- Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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16
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Robatjazi H, Lou M, Clark BD, Jacobson CR, Swearer DF, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Site-Selective Nanoreactor Deposition on Photocatalytic Al Nanocubes. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4550-4557. [PMID: 32379463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivation of catalytic materials through plasmon-coupled energy transfer has created new possibilities for expanding the scope of light-driven heterogeneous catalysis. Here we present a nanoengineered plasmonic photocatalyst consisting of catalytic Pd islands preferentially grown on vertices of Al nanocubes. The regioselective Pd deposition on Al nanocubes does not rely on complex surface ligands, in contrast to site-specific transition-metal deposition on gold nanoparticles. We show that the strong local field enhancement on the sharp nanocube vertices provides a mechanism for efficient coupling of the plasmonic Al antenna to adjacent Pd nanoparticles. A substantial increase in photocatalytic H2 dissociation on Pd-bound Al nanocubes relative to pristine Al nanocubes can be observed, incentivizing further engineering of heterometallic antenna-reactor photocatalysts. Controlled growth of catalytic materials on plasmonic hot spots can result in more efficient use of the localized surface plasmon energy for photocatalysis, while minimizing the amount and cost of precious transition-metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Robatjazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dayne F Swearer
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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17
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Tamayo-Meza PA, Silva-Rivera US, Flores-Herrera LA, Rodríguez-Alvarado LW, Pérez-Cruz JH, Rivera-López JE. Analysis of the Extreme Equilibrium Conditions of an Internal Cavity Located Inside a Flat Metal Plate Subjected to an Internal Pressure p. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13092043. [PMID: 32349435 PMCID: PMC7254379 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of surface bulges and cavities within metals is an important metallurgical-mechanical problem that has not been fully solved and motivates multiple discussions. This is not only related to the generation of interfaces, but also to the distribution of alloying components and elements. In this study, Laplace's equation was used to develop a set of equations to describe these kinds of defects in plates, which arise during the development of metallurgical processes, and this can be used for the prediction of pipeline failures subjected to internal pressure. In addition, the stability conditions of a cavity under an internal pressure are analyzed. The developed method allows to identify the stress state in the generation of the cavity and its propagation. In addition to this, finite element analyses were carried out in order to show first the stress distribution around a cavity subjected to a series of theoretical operation conditions and second to show the crack growth on the tip of the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alejandro Tamayo-Meza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, U. Azcapotzalco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Granjas No. 682, Alc. Sta. Catarina, Mexico City 02250, Mexico; (J.H.P.-C.); (J.E.R.-L.)
| | - Usiel Sandino Silva-Rivera
- Departamento de Dinámica de Sistemasy Control, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Toluca Edo. de México 50100, Mexico;
| | - Luis Armando Flores-Herrera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, U. Azcapotzalco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Granjas No. 682, Alc. Sta. Catarina, Mexico City 02250, Mexico; (J.H.P.-C.); (J.E.R.-L.)
| | - Lisaura Walkiria Rodríguez-Alvarado
- Departamento de Sistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, U. Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Alc. Reynosa Tamaulipas, Mexico City 02200, Mexico;
| | - José Humberto Pérez-Cruz
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, U. Azcapotzalco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Granjas No. 682, Alc. Sta. Catarina, Mexico City 02250, Mexico; (J.H.P.-C.); (J.E.R.-L.)
| | - Jesús Eduardo Rivera-López
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, U. Azcapotzalco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Granjas No. 682, Alc. Sta. Catarina, Mexico City 02250, Mexico; (J.H.P.-C.); (J.E.R.-L.)
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18
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Long Z, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Yu C, Wu Y, Ma J, Cao M, Jiang L. A Multi-Bioinspired Dual-Gradient Electrode for Microbubble Manipulation toward Controllable Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908099. [PMID: 32129552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clean energy generated from total water splitting is expected to be an affordable, sustainable, and reliable resource but it remains a challenge to gain pure fuel with a controllable pathway. Here, a simple and economical strategy that enables in situ separation of H2 /O2 product by manipulating the generated gas phases with the aid of multi-bioinspired electrodes is proposed. This versatile electrode is based on a Janus asymmetric foam with dual gradients, i.e., the wettability gradient promotes the one-way gas penetration and the geometry gradient boosts the spontaneous on-surface transport in the horizontal direction, which cooperatively facilitates self-driven 3D bubble transport in an aqueous environment. Benefitting from the 3D bionic electrode, the limited distance between the cathode and the anode can be reduced to 1 mm, and the corresponding current density is enhanced 1.5 times as compared with the common condition. This Janus triangular electrode with dual directionality elucidates 3D smart bubble manipulation during overall water splitting and should offer a great opportunity to develop advanced electrochemical processes toward complicated environments such as confined space and zero gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cunming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Moyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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19
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Luo L, Li L, Schreiber DK, He Y, Baer DR, Bruemmer SM, Wang C. Deciphering atomistic mechanisms of the gas-solid interfacial reaction during alloy oxidation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8491. [PMID: 32494632 PMCID: PMC7182408 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas-solid interfacial reaction is critical to many technological applications from heterogeneous catalysis to stress corrosion cracking. A prominent question that remains unclear is how gas and solid interact beyond chemisorption to form a stable interphase for bridging subsequent gas-solid reactions. Here, we report real-time atomic-scale observations of Ni-Al alloy oxidation reaction from initial surface adsorption to interfacial reaction into the bulk. We found distinct atomistic mechanisms for oxide growth in O2 and H2O vapor, featuring a "step-edge" mechanism with severe interfacial strain in O2, and a "subsurface" one in H2O. Ab initio density functional theory simulations rationalize the H2O dissociation to favor the formation of a disordered oxide, which promotes ion diffusion to the oxide-metal interface and leads to an eased interfacial strain, therefore enhancing inward oxidation. Our findings depict a complete pathway for the Ni-Al surface oxidation reaction and delineate the delicate coupling of chemomechanical effect on gas-solid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langli Luo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liang Li
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Daniel K. Schreiber
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yang He
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Donald R. Baer
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Stephen M. Bruemmer
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, USA
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20
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Li X, Yao X, Wang C, Li Y, Xue W, Yu D, Kim SY, Yang F, Kushima A, Zhang G, Huang H, Wu N, Mai YW, Goodenough JB, Li J. Li metal deposition and stripping in a solid-state battery via Coble creep. Nature 2020; 578:251-255. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Su Z, Wang S, Lu C, Peng Q. Relationship between the Behavior of Hydrogen and Hydrogen Bubble Nucleation in Vanadium. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020322. [PMID: 31936733 PMCID: PMC7014058 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen plays a significant role in the microstructure evolution and macroscopic deformation of materials, causing swelling and surface blistering to reduce service life. In the present work, the atomistic mechanisms of hydrogen bubble nucleation in vanadium were studied by first-principles calculations. The interstitial hydrogen atoms cannot form significant bound states with other hydrogen atoms in bulk vanadium, which explains the absence of hydrogen self-clustering from the experiments. To find the possible origin of hydrogen bubble in vanadium, we explored the minimum sizes of a vacancy cluster in vanadium for the formation of hydrogen molecule. We show that a freestanding hydrogen molecule can form and remain relatively stable in the center of a 54-hydrogen atom saturated 27-vacancy cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiong Su
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China; (Z.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China; (Z.S.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China; (Z.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Qing Peng
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
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22
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Xie DG, Nie ZY, Shinzato S, Yang YQ, Liu FX, Ogata S, Li J, Ma E, Shan ZW. Controlled growth of single-crystalline metal nanowires via thermomigration across a nanoscale junction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4478. [PMID: 31578322 PMCID: PMC6775085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass transport driven by temperature gradient is commonly seen in fluids. However, here we demonstrate that when drawing a cold nano-tip off a hot solid substrate, thermomigration can be so rampant that it can be exploited for producing single-crystalline aluminum, copper, silver and tin nanowires. This demonstrates that in nanoscale objects, solids can mimic liquids in rapid morphological changes, by virtue of fast surface diffusion across short distances. During uniform growth, a thin neck-shaped ligament containing a grain boundary (GB) usually forms between the hot and the cold ends, sustaining an extremely high temperature gradient that should have driven even larger mass flux, if not counteracted by the relative sluggishness of plating into the GB and the resulting back stress. This GB-containing ligament is quite robust and can adapt to varying drawing directions and velocities, imparting good controllability to the nanowire growth in a manner akin to Czochralski crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Gang Xie
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Nie
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuhei Shinzato
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yue-Qing Yang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Feng-Xian Liu
- Applied Mechanics Lab., School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shigenobu Ogata
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan. .,Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Ju Li
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. .,Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Evan Ma
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Shan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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23
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Liu X, Chen H, Tong J, He W, Li X, Liang T, Li Y, Yin W. The Kinetic Behaviors of H Impurities in the Li/Ta Bilayer: Application for the Accelerator-Based BNCT. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1107. [PMID: 31382372 PMCID: PMC6722691 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bubble phenomenon is one of the key issues to be solved in the development of a long-life target system for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this study, we assessed the kinetic behaviors of H impurities in the nano-composite target from the atomic level. Firstly, two kinds of Li/Ta nanolayer models were constructed, based on the calculated lattice parameters and surface energies. The H solution energy, diffusion mechanism, and hydrogen bubbles formation in the Li/Ta nanostructured bilayer were studied, through theoretical modeling and simulation. Our results show that the Li/Ta interfaces are effective sinks of H atoms because the H solution energies in the interface are lower. Meanwhile, due to the relatively low diffusion barriers, the large-scale H transport through the interface is possible. In addition, although it is more likely to form hydrogen bubbles in the Ta layer, compared with the Li layer, the anti-blistering ability of Ta is more impressive compared with most of other candidate materials. Therefore, the Ta layer is able to act as the hydrogen absorber in the Li/Ta bilayer, and relieve the hydrogen damage of the Li layer in the large-scale proton radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Huaican Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Jianfei Tong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Wenhao He
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xujing Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianjiao Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China.
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24
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Hou J, Kong XS, Wu X, Song J, Liu CS. Predictive model of hydrogen trapping and bubbling in nanovoids in bcc metals. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:833-839. [PMID: 31308516 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between hydrogen and nanovoids, despite long being recognized as a central factor in hydrogen-induced damage in structural materials, remains poorly understood. Here, focusing on tungsten as a model body-centred cubic system, we explicitly demonstrate sequential adsorption of hydrogen adatoms on Wigner-Seitz squares of nanovoids with distinct energy levels. Interaction between hydrogen adatoms on nanovoid surfaces is shown to be dominated by pairwise power-law repulsion. We establish a predictive model for quantitative determination of the configurations and energetics of hydrogen adatoms in nanovoids. This model, combined with the equation of states of hydrogen gas, enables the prediction of hydrogen molecule formation in nanovoids. Multiscale simulations, performed based on our model, show good agreement with recent thermal desorption experiments. This work clarifies fundamental physics and provides a full-scale predictive model for hydrogen trapping and bubbling in nanovoids, offering long-sought mechanistic insights that are crucial for understanding hydrogen-induced damage in structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiang-Shan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - C S Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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25
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Yin S, Cheng G, Chang TH, Richter G, Zhu Y, Gao H. Hydrogen embrittlement in metallic nanowires. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2004. [PMID: 31043601 PMCID: PMC6494841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydrogen embrittlement has been observed and extensively studied in a wide variety of metals and alloys, there still exist controversies over the underlying mechanisms and a fundamental understanding of hydrogen embrittlement in nanostructures is almost non-existent. Here we use metallic nanowires (NWs) as a platform to study hydrogen embrittlement in nanostructures where deformation and failure are dominated by dislocation nucleation. Based on quantitative in-situ transmission electron microscopy nanomechanical testing and molecular dynamics simulations, we report enhanced yield strength and a transition in failure mechanism from distributed plasticity to localized necking in penta-twinned Ag NWs due to the presence of surface-adsorbed hydrogen. In-situ stress relaxation experiments and simulations reveal that the observed embrittlement in metallic nanowires is governed by the hydrogen-induced suppression of dislocation nucleation at the free surface of NWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Guangming Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Gunther Richter
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70589, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
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26
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Liang Z, Zhao Q. Steam Oxidation of Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels TP347H and TP347HFG at 650⁻800 °C. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040577. [PMID: 30769891 PMCID: PMC6416569 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Steam oxidation of austenitic heat-resistant steels TP347H and TP347HFG at 650–800 °C was investigated. Comprehensive micro-characterization technologies containing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to observe and analyze the oxidation products. Results show that breakaway oxidation behaviors were observed on TP347H at 700 °C and 800 °C. The oxidation kinetics of TP347HFG at 650–800 °C followed a parabolic law. The oxide scales formed on TP347HFG were composed of MnCr2O4 and Cr2O3. A thin and protective Cr-rich oxide scale was replaced by Fe2O3 nodules due to the insufficient outward migration of metallic ions, including Cr and Mn at the subsurface of coarse-grain TP347H. Smaller grain of TP347HFG promoted the formation of the compact Cr-rich oxide scales. At higher temperatures, the incubation period for breakaway oxidation of the Cr-rich oxide scale was much shorter because of quick evaporation of the Cr2O3 oxide scale and the slower outward diffusion of metallic ions via the grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qinxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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27
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Chen J, Mao W, Ge B, Wang J, Ke X, Wang V, Wang Y, Döbeli M, Geng W, Matsuzaki H, Shi J, Jiang Y. Revealing the role of lattice distortions in the hydrogen-induced metal-insulator transition of SmNiO 3. Nat Commun 2019; 10:694. [PMID: 30741947 PMCID: PMC6370778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of hydrogen-induced electronic phase transitions in strongly correlated materials such as rare-earth nickelates has opened up a new paradigm in regulating materials’ properties for both fundamental study and technological applications. However, the microscopic understanding of how protons and electrons behave in the phase transition is lacking, mainly due to the difficulty in the characterization of the hydrogen doping level. Here, we demonstrate the quantification and trajectory of hydrogen in strain-regulated SmNiO3 by using nuclear reaction analysis. Introducing 2.4% of elastic strain in SmNiO3 reduces the incorporated hydrogen concentration from ~1021 cm−3 to ~1020 cm−3. Unexpectedly, despite a lower hydrogen concentration, a more significant modification in resistivity is observed for tensile-strained SmNiO3, substantially different from the previous understanding. We argue that this transition is explained by an intermediate metastable state occurring in the transient diffusion process of hydrogen, despite the absence of hydrogen at the post-transition stage. Proton doping can induce metal-insulator transitions in rare-earth nickelates, demonstrating the complex interplay between dopants and electronic degrees of freedom. Chen et al. use results on strained films to argue that local proton-induced lattice distortions strongly influence the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Mao
- School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Binghui Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyou Ke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Vei Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an University of Technology, 710054, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Max Döbeli
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wentong Geng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
- School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
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28
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Yu J, Yuan W, Yang H, Xu Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Fast Gas-Solid Reaction Kinetics of Nanoparticles Unveiled by Millisecond In Situ Electron Diffraction at Ambient Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Wentao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- DENSsolutions; Informaticalaan 12 2628ZD Delft The Netherlands
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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29
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Fast Gas-Solid Reaction Kinetics of Nanoparticles Unveiled by Millisecond In Situ Electron Diffraction at Ambient Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11344-11348. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Wu S, Sun J, Yang SZ, He Q, Zhang L, Sun L. Evolution of Oxyhalide Crystals under Electron Beam Irradiation: An in Situ Method To Understand the Origin of Structural Instability. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8988-8993. [PMID: 29989391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oxyhalides have attracted growing interest because of their excellent photocatalytic performance. However, their structural instability hampers further development toward practical applications, a major challenge of current concerns. It is appealing to figure out the origin of structural instability and guide the design of advanced oxyhalide crystals for efficient photocatalysis. In this study, the decomposition of BiOCl crystals, a typical oxyhalide, is triggered by electron beam irradiation and investigated in situ by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the instability originates from the unique layered structure of BiOCl crystals; the interlayer van der Waals bonds are easily broken under electron beam irradiation via the assistance of hydroxyl groups. This facilitates the formation of O/Cl-deficient BiO1- xCl1- y species, Bi metal nanoparticles, and nanobubbles (gaseous substance) that are confined between the adjacent layers. Surface reconstruction would be an effective way to stabilize the oxyhalide crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China.,Electron Microscopy Center of Chongqing University , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China.,Materials Science and Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Jianguo Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China.,Electron Microscopy Center of Chongqing University , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ze Yang
- Materials Science and Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Qiongyao He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China.,Electron Microscopy Center of Chongqing University , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China.,Electron Microscopy Center of Chongqing University , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lidong Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
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31
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So KP, Kushima A, Park JG, Liu X, Keum DH, Jeong HY, Yao F, Joo SH, Kim HS, Kim H, Li J, Lee YH. Intragranular Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Comprehensively Improves Aluminum Alloys. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800115. [PMID: 30027042 PMCID: PMC6051391 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The room-temperature tensile strength, toughness, and high-temperature creep strength of 2000, 6000, and 7000 series aluminum alloys can be improved significantly by dispersing up to 1 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the alloys without sacrificing tensile ductility, electrical conductivity, or thermal conductivity. CNTs act like forest dislocations, except mobile dislocations cannot annihilate with them. Dislocations cannot climb over 1D CNTs unlike 0D dispersoids/precipitates. Also, unlike 2D grain boundaries, even if some debonding happens along 1D CNT/alloy interface, it will be less damaging because fracture intrinsically favors 2D percolating flaws. Good intragranular dispersion of these 1D strengtheners is critical for comprehensive enhancement of composite properties, which entails change of wetting properties and encapsulation of CNTs inside Al grains via surface diffusion-driven cold welding. In situ transmission electron microscopy demonstrates liquid-like envelopment of CNTs into Al nanoparticles by cold welding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Pyo So
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Akihiro Kushima
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis CenterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32816USA
| | - Jong Gil Park
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Dong Hoon Keum
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Fei Yao
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Joo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanuk Kim
- Division of Electron Microscopic ResearchKorea Basic Science Institute113 GwahangnoYuseong‐GuDaejeon305‐333Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Young Hee Lee
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
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32
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Yao Y, Huang Z, Xie P, Lacey SD, Jacob RJ, Xie H, Chen F, Nie A, Pu T, Rehwoldt M, Yu D, Zachariah MR, Wang C, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Li J, Hu L. Carbothermal shock synthesis of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles. Science 2018; 359:1489-1494. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The controllable incorporation of multiple immiscible elements into a single nanoparticle merits untold scientific and technological potential, yet remains a challenge using conventional synthetic techniques. We present a general route for alloying up to eight dissimilar elements into single-phase solid-solution nanoparticles, referred to as high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs), by thermally shocking precursor metal salt mixtures loaded onto carbon supports [temperature ~2000 kelvin (K), 55-millisecond duration, rate of ~105 K per second]. We synthesized a wide range of multicomponent nanoparticles with a desired chemistry (composition), size, and phase (solid solution, phase-separated) by controlling the carbothermal shock (CTS) parameters (substrate, temperature, shock duration, and heating/cooling rate). To prove utility, we synthesized quinary HEA-NPs as ammonia oxidation catalysts with ~100% conversion and >99% nitrogen oxide selectivity over prolonged operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhennan Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Steven D. Lacey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rohit Jiji Jacob
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anmin Nie
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tiancheng Pu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Miles Rehwoldt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daiwei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael R. Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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33
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Liu H, Guo S, Yang RB, Lee CJJ, Zhang L. Giant Blistering of Nanometer-Thick Al 2O 3/ZnO Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition: Mechanism and Potential Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26201-26209. [PMID: 28738145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Giant circular blisters of up to 300 μm diameter and 10 μm deflection have been produced on nanometer-thick Al2O3-on-ZnO stacks grown by atomic layer deposition at 150 °C followed by annealing at elevated temperatures. Their shape changes upon varied ambient pressures provide evidence that their formation is related to an anneal-induced outgassing combined with their impermeability. The former mainly occurs in the bottom ZnO layer that recrystallizes and releases residual hydroxide ions at elevated temperatures while the latter is dominantly contributed by the pinhole-free Al2O3 layer on top. Vibrations at a resonant frequency of ∼740 kHz are mechanically actuated and optically probed from an individual blister. By modulating the thickness and stacking sequence of Al2O3 and ZnO, we further demonstrate a localized circular film swelling upon electron-beam irradiation and its recovery after reducing the irradiation flux. The elastic blistering and the recoverable swelling of the nanometer-thick films represent a miniaturized event-driven mechanical system for potential functioning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ren Bin Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Coryl J J Lee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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34
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Broas M, Kanninen O, Vuorinen V, Tilli M, Paulasto-Kröckel M. Chemically Stable Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al 2O 3 Films for Processability. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3390-3398. [PMID: 31457661 PMCID: PMC6641164 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-layer-deposited alumina (ALD Al2O3) can be utilized for passivation, structural, and functional purposes in electronics. In all cases, the deposited film is usually expected to maintain chemical stability over the lifetime of the device or during processing. However, as-deposited ALD Al2O3 is typically amorphous with poor resistance to chemical attack by aggressive solutions employed in electronics manufacturing. Therefore, such films may not be suitable for further processing as solvent treatments could weaken the protective barrier properties of the film or dissolved material could contaminate the solvent baths, which can cause cross-contamination of a production line used to manufacture different products. On the contrary, heat-treated, crystalline ALD Al2O3 has shown resistance to deterioration in solutions, such as standard clean (SC) 1 and 2. In this study, ALD Al2O3 was deposited from four different precursor combinations and subsequently annealed either at 600, 800, or 1000 °C for 1 h. Crystalline Al2O3 was achieved after the 800 and 1000 °C heat treatments. The crystalline films showed apparent stability in SC-1 and HF solutions. However, ellipsometry and electron microscopy showed that a prolonged exposure (60 min) to SC-1 and HF had induced a decrease in the refractive index and nanocracks in the films annealed at 800 °C. The degradation mechanism of the unstable crystalline film and the microstructure of the film, fully stable in SC-1 and with minor reaction with HF, were studied with transmission electron microscopy. Although both crystallized films had the same alumina transition phase, the film annealed at 800 °C in N2, with a less developed microstructure such as embedded amorphous regions and an uneven interfacial reaction layer, deteriorates at the amorphous regions and at the substrate-film interface. On the contrary, the stable film annealed at 1000 °C in N2 had considerably less embedded amorphous regions and a uniform Al-O-Si interfacial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Broas
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, Aalto, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Kanninen
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, Aalto, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Vesa Vuorinen
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, Aalto, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, Aalto, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
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35
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Chen YT, Music D, Shang L, Mayer J, Schneider JM. Nanometre-scale 3D defects in Cr 2AlC thin films. Sci Rep 2017; 7:984. [PMID: 28428564 PMCID: PMC5430507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MAX-phase Cr2AlC containing thin films were synthesized by magnetron sputtering in an industrial system. Nanometre-scale 3D defects are observed near the boundary between regions of Cr2AlC and of the disordered solid solution (CrAl)xCy. Shrinkage of the Cr-Cr interplanar distance and elongation of the Cr-Al distance in the vicinity of the defects are detected using transmission electron microscopy. The here observed deformation surrounding the defects was described using density functional theory by comparing the DOS of bulk Cr2AlC with the DOS of a strained and unstrained Cr2AlC(0001) surface. From the partial density of states analysis, it can be learned that Cr-C bonds are stronger than Cr-Al bonds in bulk Cr2AlC. Upon Cr2AlC(0001) surface formation, both bonds are weakened. While the Cr-C bonds recover their bulk strength as Cr2AlC(0001) is strained, the Cr-Al bonds experience only a partial recovery, still being weaker than their bulk counterparts. Hence, the strain induced bond strengthening in Cr2AlC(0001) is larger for Cr d – C p bonds than for Cr d – Al p bonds. The here observed changes in bonding due to the formation of a strained surface are consistent with the experimentally observed elongation of the Cr-Al distance in the vicinity of nm-scale 3D defects in Cr2AlC thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Chen
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - D Music
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Shang
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Mayer
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - J M Schneider
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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36
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Effect of hydrogen on the integrity of aluminium-oxide interface at elevated temperatures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14564. [PMID: 28218260 PMCID: PMC5321721 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen can facilitate the detachment of protective oxide layer off metals and alloys. The degradation is usually exacerbated at elevated temperatures in many industrial applications; however, its origin remains poorly understood. Here by heating hydrogenated aluminium inside an environmental transmission electron microscope, we show that hydrogen exposure of just a few minutes can greatly degrade the high temperature integrity of metal–oxide interface. Moreover, there exists a critical temperature of ∼150 °C, above which the growth of cavities at the metal–oxide interface reverses to shrinkage, followed by the formation of a few giant cavities. Vacancy supersaturation, activation of a long-range diffusion pathway along the detached interface and the dissociation of hydrogen-vacancy complexes are critical factors affecting this behaviour. These results enrich the understanding of hydrogen-induced interfacial failure at elevated temperatures. Hydrogen gas can drive detachment of protective surface oxides from metal substrates and this process is accelerated at moderately elevated temperatures relevant to applications. Here the authors use environmental transmission electron microscopy to monitor associated void coalescence processes and clarify roles that diffusion and hydrogen-vacancy complexes play.
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37
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Han B, Stoerzinger KA, Tileli V, Gamalski AD, Stach EA, Shao-Horn Y. Nanoscale structural oscillations in perovskite oxides induced by oxygen evolution. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:121-126. [PMID: 27698352 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between water and oxides is critical for many technological applications, including energy storage, surface wetting/self-cleaning, photocatalysis and sensors. Here, we report observations of strong structural oscillations of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) in the presence of both H2O vapour and electron irradiation using environmental transmission electron microscopy. These oscillations are related to the formation and collapse of gaseous bubbles. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy provides direct evidence of O2 formation in these bubbles due to the incorporation of H2O into BSCF. SrCoO3-δ was found to exhibit small oscillations, while none were observed for La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ and LaCoO3. The structural oscillations of BSCF can be attributed to the fact that its oxygen 2p-band centre is close to the Fermi level, which leads to a low energy penalty for oxygen vacancy formation, high ion mobility, and high water uptake. This work provides surprising insights into the interaction between water and oxides under electron-beam irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghong Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kelsey A Stoerzinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tileli
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Gamalski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Hydrogenated vacancies lock dislocations in aluminium. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13341. [PMID: 27808099 PMCID: PMC5097162 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its high diffusivity, hydrogen is often considered a weak inhibitor or even a promoter of dislocation movements in metals and alloys. By quantitative mechanical tests in an environmental transmission electron microscope, here we demonstrate that after exposing aluminium to hydrogen, mobile dislocations can lose mobility, with activating stress more than doubled. On degassing, the locked dislocations can be reactivated under cyclic loading to move in a stick-slip manner. However, relocking the dislocations thereafter requires a surprisingly long waiting time of ∼103 s, much longer than that expected from hydrogen interstitial diffusion. Both the observed slow relocking and strong locking strength can be attributed to superabundant hydrogenated vacancies, verified by our atomistic calculations. Vacancies therefore could be a key plastic flow localization agent as well as damage agent in hydrogen environment. Due to its high diffusivity, hydrogen is considered a weak inhibitor or even a promoter of dislocation movements in metals and alloys. Here the authors quantitatively demonstrate that after exposing aluminium to hydrogen, mobile dislocations can lose mobility, due to segregation of hydrogenated vacancies to dislocations.
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Taheri ML, Stach EA, Arslan I, Crozier PA, Kabius BC, LaGrange T, Minor AM, Takeda S, Tanase M, Wagner JB, Sharma R. Current status and future directions for in situ transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 170:86-95. [PMID: 27566048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses the current and future possibilities for the application of in situ transmission electron microscopy to reveal synthesis pathways and functional mechanisms in complex and nanoscale materials. The findings of a group of scientists, representing academia, government labs and private sector entities (predominantly commercial vendors) during a workshop, held at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology- National Institute of Science and Technology (CNST-NIST), are discussed. We provide a comprehensive review of the scientific needs and future instrument and technique developments required to meet them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra L Taheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, USA
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, National Laboratory, Brookhaven, USA
| | - Ilke Arslan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, USA
| | - P A Crozier
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Bernd C Kabius
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Thomas LaGrange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Condensed Matter and Materials Division, 7000 East Avenue, P.O. 808 L-356, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS 72, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Seiji Takeda
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mihaela Tanase
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6203, USA
| | - Jakob B Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Renu Sharma
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6203, USA.
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Zhang J, Bai Q, Zhang Z. Dealloying-driven nanoporous palladium with superior electrochemical actuation performance. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7287-7295. [PMID: 26975834 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00427j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-hydrogen (in particular, Pd-H) interactions have been receiving considerable attention over the past 150 years within the scope of hydrogen storage, catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen-induced interfacial failure. Here, for the first time, we show that the coupling of hydrogen adsorption and absorption could trigger giant reversible strain in bulk nanoporous Pd (np-Pd) in a weakly adsorbed NaF electrolyte. The bulk np-Pd with a hierarchically porous structure and a ligament/channel size of ∼10 nm was fabricated using a dealloying strategy with compositional/structural design of the precursor. The np-Pd actuator exhibits a giant reversible strain of up to 3.28% (stroke of 137.8 μm), which is a 252% enhancement in comparison to the state-of-the-art value of 1.3% in np-AuPt. The strain rate (∼10(-5) s(-1)) of np-Pd is two orders of magnitude higher than that of current metallic actuators. Moreover, the volume-/mass-specific strain energy density (10.71 MJ m(-3)/3811 J kg(-1)) of np-Pd reaches the highest level compared with that of previously reported actuator materials. The outstanding actuation performance of np-Pd could be attributed to the coupling of hydrogen adsorption/absorption and its unique hierarchically nanoporous structure. Our findings provide valuable information for the design of novel high-performance metallic actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan, 250061, P.R. China.
| | - Qingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan, 250061, P.R. China.
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan, 250061, P.R. China.
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Zhou L, Zhang C, McClain MJ, Manjavacas A, Krauter CM, Tian S, Berg F, Everitt HO, Carter EA, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Aluminum Nanocrystals as a Plasmonic Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Dissociation. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1478-84. [PMID: 26799677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen dissociation is a critical step in many hydrogenation reactions central to industrial chemical production and pollutant removal. This step typically utilizes the favorable band structure of precious metal catalysts like platinum and palladium to achieve high efficiency under mild conditions. Here we demonstrate that aluminum nanocrystals (Al NCs), when illuminated, can be used as a photocatalyst for hydrogen dissociation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, despite the high activation barrier toward hydrogen adsorption and dissociation. We show that hot electron transfer from Al NCs to the antibonding orbitals of hydrogen molecules facilitates their dissociation. Hot electrons generated from surface plasmon decay and from direct photoexcitation of the interband transitions of Al both contribute to this process. Our results pave the way for the use of aluminum, an earth-abundant, nonprecious metal, for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alejandro Manjavacas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | | | | | - Felix Berg
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , D 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry O Everitt
- Army Aviation and Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal , Alabama 35898, United States
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Guo W, Wang Z, Li J. Diffusive versus Displacive Contact Plasticity of Nanoscale Asperities: Temperature- and Velocity-Dependent Strongest Size. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6582-6585. [PMID: 26322420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We predict a strongest size for the contact strength when asperity radii of curvature decrease below 10 nm. The reason for such strongest size is found to be correlated with the competition between the dislocation plasticity and surface diffusional plasticity. The essential role of temperature is calculated and illustrated in a comprehensive asperity size-strength-temperature map taking into account the effect of contact velocity. Such a map should be essential for various phenomena related to nanoscale contacts such as nanowire cold welding, self-assembly of nanoparticles and adhesive nanopillar arrays, as well as the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of macroscopic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , 710054, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , 710054, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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