1
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Zhao J, Fan X, Fang W, Xiao W, Sun F, Li C, Wei X, Tao J, Wang Y, Kumar S. High-Performance Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing Based on Toroidal Dipole in All-Dielectric Metasurface. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3943. [PMID: 38931726 PMCID: PMC11207541 DOI: 10.3390/s24123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This article shows an all-dielectric metasurface consisting of "H"-shaped silicon disks with tilted splitting gaps, which can detect the temperature and refractive index (RI). By introducing asymmetry parameters that excite the quasi-BIC, there are three distinct Fano resonances with nearly 100% modulation depth, and the maximal quality factor (Q-factor) is over 104. The predominant roles of different electromagnetic excitations in three distinct modes are demonstrated through near-field analysis and multipole decomposition. A numerical analysis of resonance response based on different refractive indices reveals a RI sensitivity of 262 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 2183 RIU-1. This sensor can detect temperature fluctuations with a temperature sensitivity of 59.5 pm/k. The proposed metasurface provides a novel method to induce powerful TD resonances and offers possibilities for the design of high-performance sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Xinye Fan
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Wenxing Xiao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Fangxin Sun
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jifang Tao
- College of Information Science and Engineering (ISE), Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Ningbo Xingke Metal Materials Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, India
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2
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Shen Y, Papasimakis N, Zheludev NI. Nondiffracting supertoroidal pulses and optical "Kármán vortex streets". Nat Commun 2024; 15:4863. [PMID: 38849349 PMCID: PMC11161654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Supertoroidal light pulses, as space-time nonseparable electromagnetic waves, exhibit unique topological properties including skyrmionic configurations, fractal-like singularities, and energy backflow in free space, which however do not survive upon propagation. Here, we introduce the non-diffracting supertoroidal pulses (NDSTPs) with propagation-robust skyrmionic and vortex field configurations that persists over arbitrary propagation distances. Intriguingly, the field structure of NDSTPs has a similarity with the von Kármán vortex street, a pattern of swirling vortices in fluid and gas dynamics with staggered singularities that can stably propagate forward. NDSTPs will be of interest as directed channels for information and energy transfer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Shen
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences & The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637378, Singapore.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Nikitas Papasimakis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre & Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences & The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637378, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre & Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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3
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Chen W, Liu Y, Yu AZ, Cao H, Hu W, Qiao W, Chen LS, Lu YQ. Observation of Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Toroidal Vortices of Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:153801. [PMID: 38683010 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.153801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we explore the intersection of chirality and recently discovered toroidal spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs). We introduce "photonic conchs" theoretically as a new type of toroidal-like state exhibiting geometrical chirality, and experimentally observe these wave packets with controllable topological charges. Unlike toroidal STOVs, photonic conchs exhibit unique chirality-related dynamical evolution in free space and possess an orbital angular momentum correlated with all the dimensions of space-time. This research deepens our understanding of toroidal light states and potentially advances various fields by unveiling similar wave phenomena in a broader scope of physics systems, including acoustics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - An-Zhuo Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Han Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province and Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
| | - Lin-Sen Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province and Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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4
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Lin YC, Midorikawa K, Nabekawa Y. Wavefront control of subcycle vortex pulses via carrier-envelope-phase tailoring. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:279. [PMID: 37996468 PMCID: PMC10667496 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of an ultrashort laser pulse is becoming more crucial to specify the temporal characteristic of the pulse's electric field when the pulse duration becomes shorter and attains the subcycle regime; here, the pulse duration of the intensity envelope is shorter than one cycle period of the carrier field oscillation. When this subcycle pulse involves a structured wavefront as is contained in an optical vortex (OV) pulse, the CEP has an impact on not only the temporal but also the spatial characteristics owing to the spatiotemporal coupling in the structured optical pulse. However, the direct observation of the spatial effect of the CEP control has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we report on the measurement and control of the spatial wavefront of a subcycle OV pulse by adjusting the CEP. To generate subcycle OV pulses, an optical parametric amplifier delivering subcycle Gaussian pulses and a Sagnac interferometer as a mode converter were integrated and provided an adequate spectral adaptability. The pulse duration of the generated OV pulse was 4.7 fs at a carrier wavelength of 1.54 µm. To confirm the wavefront control with the alteration of the CEP, we developed a novel [Formula: see text]-2[Formula: see text] interferometer that exhibited spiral fringes originating from the spatial interference between the subcycle OV pulse and the second harmonic of the subcycle Gaussian pulse producing a parabolic wavefront as a reference; this resulted in the successful observation of the rotation of spiral interference fringes during CEP manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Lin
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nabekawa
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Saadatmand SB, Ahmadi V, Hamidi SM. Quasi-BIC based all-dielectric metasurfaces for ultra-sensitive refractive index and temperature sensing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20625. [PMID: 37996608 PMCID: PMC10667344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an all-dielectric metasurface that measures refractive index and temperature using silicon disks is presented. It can simultaneously produce three resonances excited by a magnetic toroidal dipole, magnetic toroidal quadrupole, and electric toroidal dipole, in the THz region. Asymmetric structures are used to generate two quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC) resonances with ultra-high-quality factors driven by magnetic and electric toroidal dipoles. We numerically study and show the dominant electromagnetic excitations in the three resonances through near-field analysis and cartesian multipole decomposition. The effects of geometric parameters, scaling properties, polarization angles, incident angles, and silicon losses are also investigated. The proposed metasurface is an excellent candidate for sensing due to the extremely high-quality factor of the quasi-BICs. The results demonstrate that the sensitivities for liquid and gas detection are Sl = 569.1 GHz/RIU and Sg = 529 GHz/RIU for magnetic toroidal dipole, and Sl = 532 GHz/RIU and Sg = 498.3 GHz/RIU for electric toroidal dipole, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity for temperature monitoring can reach up to 20.24 nm/°C. This work presents a valuable reference for developing applications in the THz region such as optical modulators, multi-channel biochemical sensing, and optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Pang J, Fang W, Guo H, Wang T, Fan X, Niu H, Huang Y, Bai C. High Q-factor Fano resonances based on a permittivity-asymmetric dielectric pea-shaped cylinder. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8381-8389. [PMID: 38037943 DOI: 10.1364/ao.502597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate two Fano resonances with high Q-factors based on a permittivity-asymmetric metastructure composed of two pea-shaped cylinders. By employing different materials to break the permittivity-asymmetry, the quasi-bound state of the continuum spectrum (BIC) resonance at 982.87 nm is excited, showing the Q-factor as high as 8183.7. The electromagnetic fields and vectors are analyzed by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the resonance modes are identified as magnetic dipole (MD) responses and MDs by multipole decomposition in Cartesian coordinates, displaying that the light is confined within a pea-shaped cylinder to achieve localized field enhancement. In addition, the sensing performances of the metastructure are evaluated, and an optical refractive index sensor can be obtained with the sensitivity of 152 nm/RIU and maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 832.6. This proposed structure offers a new, to the best of our knowledge, way to achieve Fano resonant excitation on all-dielectric metastructures and can be used in nonlinear optics, biosensing, optical switches, and lasers.
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7
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Gao C, You S, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Xie Q. Strong coupling of excitons and electric/magnetic toroidal dipole modes in perovskite metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:34143-34153. [PMID: 37859177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.502206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Effective manipulation of the interactions between light and matter is crucial for the advancement of various high-performance optoelectronic devices. It is noted that the toroidal dipole resonance refers to an electromagnetic excitation that exists beyond the conventional understanding of electric and magnetic multipoles, which shows great potential for enhancing light-matter interactions. In this work, we investigate the strong coupling properties of electric toroidal dipole (ETD) and magnetic toroidal dipole (MTD) with excitons in (PEA)2PbI4 perovskite metasurfaces. The nanostructure consists of two identical nanobars on a SiO2 substrate, which support ETD and MTD responses. The strong coupling between ETD/MTD modes and perovskite excitons is achieved when adjusting oscillator strength f0, which can be charactered by the clearly anti-crossing behavior appeared in the transmission spectra. The Rabi splitting can be readily tuned by controlling f0. When f0 increases to 1.0, their Rabi splitting values reach as high as 371 meV and 300 meV, respectively. The proposed strong coupling between excitons and ETD/MTDs paves the way for large-scale, low-cost integrated polaritonic devices operating at room temperature.
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8
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Hasebe H, Sugimoto H, Katsurayama Y, Furuyama T, Fujii M. Photosensitizing Metasurface Empowered by Enhanced Magnetic Field of Toroidal Dipole Resonance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302519. [PMID: 37345569 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reaction exploiting an excited triplet state (T1 ) of a molecule requires two steps for the excitation, i.e., electronic transition from the ground (S0 ) to singlet excited (S1 ) states and intersystem crossing to the T1 state. A dielectric metasurface coupled with photosensitizer that enables energy efficient photochemical reaction via the enhanced S0 →T1 magnetic dipole transition is developed. In the direct S0 →T1 transition, the photon energy of several hundreds of meV is saved compared to the conventional S0 → S1 →T1 transition. To maximize the magnetic field intensity on the surface, a silicon (Si) nanodisk array metasurface with toroidal dipole resonances is designed. The surface of the metasurface is functionalized with ruthenium (Ru(II)) complexes that work as a photosensitizer for singlet oxygen generation. In the coupled system, the rate of the direct S0 →T1 transition of Ru(II) complexes is 41-fold enhanced at the toroidal dipole resonance of a Si nanodisk array. The enhancement of a singlet oxygen generation rate is observed when the toroidal dipole resonance of a Si nanodisk array is matched with the direct S0 →T1 transition wavelength of Ru(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hasebe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshino Katsurayama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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9
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Yu Y, Sun BO. Electromagnetic characteristics of antisymmetric toroidal dipole array of plasmonic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32311-32321. [PMID: 37859037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
An antisymmetric toroidal dipole array of plasmonic metasurfaces, whose unit cell consisted of a pair of physically connected asymmetric split-ring resonators, is presented in this study. Moreover, a new paradigm was established to control toroidal electric dipole properties. Toroidal electric dipoles and electric and magnetic hybrid pseudo-anapole states are excited owing to imperfect and perfect destructive interference, respectively, which leads to the spatial separation of the electric and magnetic fields and a distinct asymmetric Fano line shape in the transmission spectrum. The imperfect destructive interference was further modified by adjusting the relative position between the even and odd layers of the metasurfaces. The scattered power of the toroidal electric dipole is tuned continuously and linearly, which enables the tailoring of the electromagnetic response. The displacement sensitivity is approximately 0.13 GHz/mm over the range 0-8 mm. The modulation depth of the scattered power of the toroidal electric dipole can reach 740%, realising a toroidal electric-dipole-to-electric-dipole transition. The proposed plasmonic metasurfaces provide a platform to efficiently control near-field enhancement, far-field radiation, and electric-magnetic separation and find potential applications in frequency-selective surfaces, sensors, filters, spectroscopic tests, and many other areas.
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Wu X, Xu J, Yang L, Chen D. Dynamic modulation of electric and magnetic toroidal dipole resonance and light trapping in Si-GSST hybrid metasurfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:6850-6856. [PMID: 37707021 DOI: 10.1364/ao.496674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The weak coupling of a toroidal dipole (TD) to an electromagnetic field offers great potential for the advanced design of photonic devices. However, simultaneous excitation of electric toroidal dipoles (ETDs) and magnetic toroidal dipoles (MTDs) is currently difficult to achieve. In this work, we propose a hybrid metasurface based on Si and phase transition material G e 2 S b 2 S e 4 T e 1 (GSST), which is formed by four Si columns surrounding a GSST column and can simultaneously excite two different TD (ETD and MTD) resonances. We also calculated the electric field distribution, magnetic field distribution, and multipole decomposition of the two resonances, and the results show that the two modes are ETD resonance and MTD resonance, respectively. The polarization characteristics of these two modes are also investigated, and the average field enhancement factor (EF) of the two modes is calculated. The dynamic modulation of the relative transmission and EF is also achieved based on the tunable properties of the phase change material GSST. Our work provides a way to realize actively tunable TD optical nanodevices.
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Yao W, Zhou Q, Jing C, Zhou A. A Mid-Infrared Multifunctional Optical Device Based on Fiber Integrated Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2440. [PMID: 37686948 PMCID: PMC10489848 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A metasurface is a two-dimensional structure with a subwavelength thickness that can be used to control electromagnetic waves. The integration of optical fibers and metasurfaces has received much attention in recent years. This integrated device has high flexibility and versatility. We propose an optical device based on fiber-integrated metasurfaces in the mid-infrared, which uses a hollow core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) to confine light transmission in an air core. The integrated bilayer metasurfaces at the fiber end face can achieve transmissive modulation of the optical field emitted from the HC-ARF, and the Fano resonance excited by the metasurface can also be used to achieve refractive index (RI) sensing with high sensitivity and high figure of merit (FOM) in the mid-infrared band. In addition, we introduce a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer between the two metasurfaces; thus, we can achieve tunable function through temperature. This provides an integrated fiber multifunctional optical device in the mid-infrared band, which is expected to play an important role in the fields of high-power mid-infrared lasers, mid-infrared laser biomedicine, and gas trace detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Yao
- The School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qilin Zhou
- The School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chonglu Jing
- The School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ai Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Parry PI, Lefringhausen A, Turni C, Neil CJ, Cosford R, Hudson NJ, Gillespie J. 'Spikeopathy': COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2287. [PMID: 37626783 PMCID: PMC10452662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. The production of 'safe and effective' vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates of adverse events have overshadowed the benefits. This two-part narrative review presents evidence for the widespread harms of novel product COVID-19 mRNA and adenovectorDNA vaccines and is novel in attempting to provide a thorough overview of harms arising from the new technology in vaccines that relied on human cells producing a foreign antigen that has evidence of pathogenicity. This first paper explores peer-reviewed data counter to the 'safe and effective' narrative attached to these new technologies. Spike protein pathogenicity, termed 'spikeopathy', whether from the SARS-CoV-2 virus or produced by vaccine gene codes, akin to a 'synthetic virus', is increasingly understood in terms of molecular biology and pathophysiology. Pharmacokinetic transfection through body tissues distant from the injection site by lipid-nanoparticles or viral-vector carriers means that 'spikeopathy' can affect many organs. The inflammatory properties of the nanoparticles used to ferry mRNA; N1-methylpseudouridine employed to prolong synthetic mRNA function; the widespread biodistribution of the mRNA and DNA codes and translated spike proteins, and autoimmunity via human production of foreign proteins, contribute to harmful effects. This paper reviews autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, potential oncological effects, and autopsy evidence for spikeopathy. With many gene-based therapeutic technologies planned, a re-evaluation is necessary and timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I. Parry
- Children’s Health Research Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Astrid Lefringhausen
- Children’s Health Defence (Australia Chapter), Huskisson, NSW 2540, Australia; (A.L.); (R.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Conny Turni
- Microbiology Research, QAAFI (Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Christopher J. Neil
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Robyn Cosford
- Children’s Health Defence (Australia Chapter), Huskisson, NSW 2540, Australia; (A.L.); (R.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Nicholas J. Hudson
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Julian Gillespie
- Children’s Health Defence (Australia Chapter), Huskisson, NSW 2540, Australia; (A.L.); (R.C.); (J.G.)
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13
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Ge Z, Sang T, Li S, Luo C, Wang Y. Active control of resonant asymmetric transmission based on topological edge states in paired photonic crystals with a Ge 2Sb 2Te 5 film. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:5969-5975. [PMID: 37706950 DOI: 10.1364/ao.495205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
For many high-precision applications such as filtering, sensing, and photodetection, active control of resonant responses of metasurfaces is crucial. Herein, we demonstrate that active control of resonant asymmetric transmission can be realized based on the topological edge state (TES) of an ultra-thin G e 2 S b 2 T e 5 (GST) film in a photonic crystal grating (PCG). The PCG is composed of two pairs of one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) separated by a GST film. The phase change of the GST film re-distributes the field distributions of the PCG; thus active control of narrowband asymmetric transmission can be achieved due to the switch of the on-off state of the TES. According to multipole decompositions, the appearance and disappearance of the synergistically reduced dipole modes are responsible for the high-contrast asymmetric transmission of the PCG. In addition, the asymmetric transmission performances are robust to the variation of structural parameters, and good unidirectional transmission performances with a high peak transmission and high contrast ratio can be balanced, as the layer number of the two PCs is set as four. By changing the crystallization fraction of GST, the peak transmission and peak contrast ratio of asymmetric transmission can be flexibly tuned with the resonance locations kept almost the same.
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14
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Liu W, Zhao H, Zhang C, Xu S, Zhang F, Wei L, Zhu F, Chen Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Xu M, He Y, Heng BC, Zhang J, Shen Y, Zhang X, Huang H, Chen L, Deng X. In situ activation of flexible magnetoelectric membrane enhances bone defect repair. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4091. [PMID: 37429900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For bone defect repair under co-morbidity conditions, the use of biomaterials that can be non-invasively regulated is highly desirable to avoid further complications and to promote osteogenesis. However, it remains a formidable challenge in clinical applications to achieve efficient osteogenesis with stimuli-responsive materials. Here, we develop polarized CoFe2O4@BaTiO3/poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] core-shell particle-incorporated composite membranes with high magnetoelectric conversion efficiency for activating bone regeneration. An external magnetic field force conduct on the CoFe2O4 core can increase charge density on the BaTiO3 shell and strengthens the β-phase transition in the P(VDF-TrFE) matrix. This energy conversion increases the membrane surface potential, which hence activates osteogenesis. Skull defect experiments on male rats showed that repeated magnetic field applications on the membranes enhanced bone defect repair, even when osteogenesis repression is elicited by dexamethasone or lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. This study provides a strategy of utilizing stimuli-responsive magnetoelectric membranes to efficiently activate osteogenesis in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Advanced Research, Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengyi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wei
- Third Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangyu Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Chen
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Houbing Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
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15
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Jonker D, Srivastava K, Lafuente M, Susarrey-Arce A, van der Stam W, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Gardeniers HJ. Low-Variance Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Confined Gold Nanoparticles over Silicon Nanocones. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:9657-9669. [PMID: 37325012 PMCID: PMC10262153 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are of utmost interest in the analyte detection of biological and chemical diagnostics. This is primarily due to the ability of SERS to sensitively measure analytes present in localized hot spots of the SERS nanostructures. In this work, we present the formation of 67 ± 6 nm diameter gold nanoparticles supported by vertically aligned shell-insulated silicon nanocones for ultralow variance SERS. The nanoparticles are obtained through discrete rotation glancing angle deposition of gold in an e-beam evaporating system. The morphology is assessed through focused ion beam tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties are discussed and evaluated through reflectance measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. Lastly, the SERS activity is measured by benzenethiol functionalization and subsequent Raman spectroscopy in the surface scanning mode. We report a homogeneous analytical enhancement factor of 2.2 ± 0.1 × 107 (99% confidence interval for N = 400 grid spots) and made a comparison to other lithographically derived assemblies used in SERS. The strikingly low variance (4%) of our substrates facilitates its use for many potential SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jonker
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ketki Srivastava
- BIOS,
MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Lafuente
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry
and Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS,
MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS,
MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han J.G.E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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16
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Chen D, Xu J, Yu H, Mo Z. Toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum based on hybridization of surface lattice resonances. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19828-19842. [PMID: 37381390 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining a high quality factor (Q factor) in applications based on metasurfaces is crucial for improving device performance. Therefore, bound states in the continuum (BICs) with ultra-high Q factors are expected to have many exciting applications in photonics. Breaking the structure symmetry has been viewed as an effective way of exciting quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) and generating high-Q resonances. Among these, one exciting strategy is based on the hybridization of surface lattice resonances (SLRs). In this study, we investigated for the first time the Toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum (TD-BICs) based on the hybridization of Mie surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in an array. The unit cell of metasurface is made of a silicon nanorods dimer. The Q factor of QBICs can be precisely adjusted by changing the position of two nanorods, while the resonance wavelength remains quite stable against the change of position. Simultaneously, the far-field radiation and near-field distribution of the resonance are discussed. The results indicate that the toroidal dipole dominates this type of QBIC. Our results indicate that this quasi-BIC can be tuned by adjusting the size of the nanorods or the lattice period. Meanwhile, through the study of the shape variation, we found that this quasi-BIC exhibits excellent robustness, whether in the case of two symmetric or asymmetric nanoscale structures. This will also provide large fabrication tolerance for the fabrication of devices. Our research results will improve the mode analysis of surface lattice resonance hybridization, and may find promising applications in enhancing light-matter interaction, such as lasing, sensing, strong-coupling, and nonlinear harmonic generation.
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17
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Wang G, Han Z. Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:674-682. [PMID: 37284552 PMCID: PMC10241101 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Light can exert radiation pressure on any object it encounters, and the resulting optical force can be used to manipulate particles at the micro- or nanoscale. In this work, we present a detailed comparison through numerical simulations of the optical forces that can be exerted on polystyrene spheres of the same diameter. The spheres are placed within the confined fields of three optical resonances supported by all-dielectric nanostructure arrays, including toroidal dipole (TD), anapoles, and quasi-bound states in continuum (quasi-BIC) resonances. By elaborately designing the geometry of a slotted-disk array, three different resonances can be supported, which are verified by the multipole decomposition analysis of the scattering power spectrum. Our numerical results show that the quasi-BIC resonance can produce a larger optical gradient force, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than those generated from the other two resonances. The large contrast in the optical forces generated with these resonances is attributed to a higher electromagnetic field enhancement provided by the quasi-BIC. These results suggest that the quasi-BIC resonance is preferred when one employs all-dielectric nanostructure arrays for the trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles by optical forces. It is important to use low-power lasers to achieve efficient trapping and avoid any harmful heating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhanghua Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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18
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Díaz-Escobar E, Barreda ÁI, Mercadé L, Griol A, Pitanti A, Martínez A. Light Guidance Aided by the Toroidal Dipole and the Magnetic Quadrupole in Silicon Slotted-Disk Chains. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:707-714. [PMID: 36942156 PMCID: PMC10021020 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Far-field scattering of high-index nanoparticles can be hugely reduced via interference of multipolar moments giving rise to the so-called anapole states. It has been suggested that this reduced scattering can contribute to efficient transmission along periodic chains of such nanoparticles. In this work, we analyze via numerical simulation and experiments the transmission of light along chains of regular and slotted silicon disks in the frequency region over the light cone. We do not observe transmission at wavelengths corresponding to the excitation of the first electric anapole for regular disks. However, large transmission along straight and curved chains is observed for slotted disks due to the simultaneous excitation of the toroidal dipole and magnetic quadrupole modes in the disks. Photonic band calculations unveil that such large transmission can be ascribed to leaky resonances, though bound states in the continuum do not appear in the structures under analysis. Experiments at telecom wavelengths using silicon disk chains confirm the numerical results for straight and bent chains. Our results provide new insights into the role of radiationless states in light guidance along nanoparticle chains and offer new avenues to utilize Mie resonances of simple nanophotonic structures for on-chip dielectric photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Díaz-Escobar
- Nanophotonics
Technology Center, Universitat Politécnica
de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela I. Barreda
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Mercadé
- Nanophotonics
Technology Center, Universitat Politécnica
de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- MIND-IN2UB,
Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomédica,
Facultat de Física, Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí
i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amadeu Griol
- Nanophotonics
Technology Center, Universitat Politécnica
de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Pitanti
- NEST
Lab, CNR - Istituto di Nanoscienze and Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56217 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Nanophotonics
Technology Center, Universitat Politécnica
de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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19
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You S, Zhang Y, Fan M, Luo S, Zhou C. Strong light-matter interactions of exciton in bulk WS 2 and a toroidal dipole resonance. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1530-1533. [PMID: 36946970 DOI: 10.1364/ol.481063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritonic states are generated by strong interactions between photons and excitons in nanocavities. Bulk transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) host excitons with a large binding energy at room temperature, and thus are regarded as an ideal platform for realizing exciton-polaritons. In this work, we investigate the strong coupling properties between high-Q toroidal dipole (TD) resonance and bulk WS2 excitons in a hybrid metasurface, consisting of Si3N4 nanodisk arrays with embedded WS2. Multipole decomposition and near-field distribution confirm that Si3N4 nanodisk arrays support strong TD resonance. The TD resonance wavelength is easily tuned to overlap with the bulk WS2 exciton wavelength, and strong coupling is observed when the bulk WS2 is integrated with the hollow nanodisk and the oscillator strength of the WS2 material is adjusted to be greater than 0.6. The Rabi splitting of the hybrid device is up to 65 meV. In addition, strong coupling is confirmed by the anticrossing of fluorescence enhancement in the hybrid Si3N4-WS2 metastructure. Our findings are expected to be of importance for both fundamental research in TMDC-based light-matter interactions and practical applications in the design of high-performance exciton-polariton devices.
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20
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Zheludev NI, Wilkowski D. The Rise of Toroidal Electrodynamics and Spectroscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:556-558. [PMID: 36942155 PMCID: PMC10021009 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toroidal electrodynamics is now massively influencing research in toroidal (Marinov et al. New J. Phys. 2007, 9, 234; Basharin et al. Phys. Rev. X 2015, 5, 011036; Jeong et al. ACS Photonics 2020, 7, 1699) and anapole metamaterials (Basharin et al. Phys. Rev. B 2017, 95, 035104; Wu et al. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 1920), optical properties of nanoparticles (Miroshnichenko et al. Nature Commun. 2015, 6, 8069; Gurvitz et al. Laser Photonics Rev. 2019, 13, 1800266), plasmonics (Ogut et al. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 5239; Yezekyan et al. Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 6098), sensors (Gupta et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 110, 121108; Ahmadivand et al. Mater. Today 2020, 32, 108; Wang et al. Nanophotonics 2021, 10, 1295; Yao et al. Photonix 2022, 3, 23), and lasers (Huang et al. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1237; Hwang et al. Nanophotonics 2021, 10, 3599), while a recent publication on toroidal optical transitions in hydrogen-like atoms (Kuprov et al. Sci. Adv. 2022, 8, eabq7651) promises to launch a new chapter in spectroscopy. In this Viewpoint, we review these progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay I. Zheludev
- Optoelectronics
Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, SPMS, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Hagler
Institute for Advanced Studies, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David Wilkowski
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, SPMS, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre
for Quantum Technologies, National University
of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- MajuLab,
International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, CNRS, Université
Côte d’Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University
of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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21
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Fei W, Jiang X, Dai L, Qiu W, Fang Y, Li D, Hu J, Zhan Q. Polarization-selective narrow band dual-toroidal-dipole resonances in a symmetry-broken dielectric tetramer metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9608-9619. [PMID: 37157527 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a metasurface consisting of symmetry-broken dielectric tetramer arrays, which can generate polarization-selective dual-band toroidal dipole resonances (TDR) with ultra-narrow linewidth in the near-infrared region. We found, by breaking the C4v symmetry of the tetramer arrays, two narrow-band TDRs can be created with the linewidth reaching ∼ 1.5 nm. Multipolar decomposition of scattering power and electromagnetic field distribution calculations confirm the nature of TDRs. A 100% modulation depth in light absorption and selective field confinement has been demonstrated theoretically by simply changing the polarization orientation of the exciting light. Intriguingly, it is also found that absorption responses of TDRs on polarization angle follow the equation of Malus' law in this metasurface. Furthermore, the dual-band toroidal resonances are proposed to sense the birefringence of an anisotropic medium. Such polarization-tunable dual toroidal dipole resonances with ultra-narrow bandwidth offered by this structure may find potential applications in optical switching, storage, polarization detection, and light emitting devices.
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22
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Tsilipakos O, Viskadourakis Z, Tasolamprou AC, Zografopoulos DC, Kafesaki M, Kenanakis G, Economou EN. Meta-Atoms with Toroidal Topology for Strongly Resonant Responses. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:468. [PMID: 36838168 PMCID: PMC9959404 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A conductive meta-atom of toroidal topology is studied both theoretically and experimentally, demonstrating a sharp and highly controllable resonant response. Simulations are performed both for a free-space periodic metasurface and a pair of meta-atoms inserted within a rectangular metallic waveguide. A quasi-dark state with controllable radiative coupling is supported, allowing to tune the linewidth (quality factor) and lineshape of the supported resonance via the appropriate geometric parameters. By conducting a rigorous multipole analysis, we find that despite the strong toroidal dipole moment, it is the residual electric dipole moment that dictates the electromagnetic response. Subsequently, the structure is fabricated with 3D printing and coated with silver paste. Importantly, the structure is planar, consists of a single metallization layer and does not require a substrate when neighboring meta-atoms are touching, resulting in a practical, thin and potentially low-loss system. Measurements are performed in the 5 GHz regime with a vector network analyzer and a good agreement with simulations is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Tsilipakos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, GR-11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Zacharias Viskadourakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anna C. Tasolamprou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Section of Electronic Physics and Systems, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios C. Zografopoulos
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Kafesaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science Technology, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftherios N. Economou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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23
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Kalinic B, Cesca T, Balasa IG, Trevisani M, Jacassi A, Maier SA, Sapienza R, Mattei G. Quasi-BIC Modes in All-Dielectric Slotted Nanoantennas for Enhanced Er 3+ Emission. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:534-543. [PMID: 36820324 PMCID: PMC9936627 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for new and increasingly efficient photon sources, the engineering of the photonic environment at the subwavelength scale is fundamental for controlling the properties of quantum emitters. A high refractive index particle can be exploited to enhance the optical properties of nearby emitters without decreasing their quantum efficiency, but the relatively modest Q-factors (Q ∼ 5-10) limit the local density of optical states (LDOS) amplification achievable. On the other hand, ultrahigh Q-factors (up to Q ∼ 109) have been reported for quasi-BIC modes in all-dielectric nanostructures. In the present work, we demonstrate that the combination of quasi-BIC modes with high spectral confinement and nanogaps with spacial confinement in silicon slotted nanoantennas lead to a significant boosting of the electromagnetic LDOS in the optically active region of the nanoantenna array. We observe an enhancement of up to 3 orders of magnitude in the photoluminescence intensity and 2 orders of magnitude in the decay rate of the Er3+ emission at room temperature and telecom wavelengths. Moreover, the nanoantenna directivity is increased, proving that strong beaming effects can be obtained when the emitted radiation couples to the high Q-factor modes. Finally, via tuning the nanoanntenna aspect ratio, a selective control of the Er3+ electric and magnetic radiative transitions can be obtained, keeping the quantum efficiency almost unitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kalinic
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Ionut Gabriel Balasa
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Mirko Trevisani
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Jacassi
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
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24
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Qi F, Li L, Li Z, Qiu L, Meng Z, Yin Y. Magnetic/Plasmonic Hybrid Nanodisks with Dynamically Tunable Mechano-Chiroptical Responses. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1427-1436. [PMID: 36633532 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanostructures have promising applications in optoelectronics due to their chiroptical responses. However, achieving active tuning of optical chirality remains challenging. Here, we develop stretchable chiroptical films with mechanically tunable extrinsic chirality by assembling hexagonal magnetic/plasmonic hybrid nanodisks in magnetic fields. The nanodisks, synthesized using a space-confined growth method, display three distinct plasmonic resonance modes at the UV-vis-NIR region, which red shift with increasing size as demonstrated by simulation and experimental results. The coupled magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy allows convenient control over the plasmonic resonance modes by altering the strength or direction of external magnetic fields. Further, magnetically aligning the nanodisks in a stretchable polymer film produces superstructures with extrinsic chirality, displaying selective absorption of circularly polarized light and inverted circular dichroism due to the linear dichroism-linear birefringence effect. Reversible mechanical stretching allows for continuous switching of circular dichroism in a wide range (from -1° to +1°). The efficient magnetic alignment of hybrid nanodisks in the hydrogel provides a simple and effective strategy for designing stretchable optical devices with tunable extrinsic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Lili Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
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25
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Ma Z, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Lou J, Zhao P, Zhang B, Wang Y, Yu Y, Sun W, Yan Y, Yang X, Sun L, Wang R, Chang C, Li X, Du X. Identification and quantitative detection of two pathogenic bacteria based on a terahertz metasensor. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:515-521. [PMID: 36519408 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection can cause a series of diseases and play a vital role in medical care. Therefore, early diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria is crucial for effective treatment and the prevention of further infection. However, restricted by the current technology, bacterial detection is usually time-consuming and laborious and the samples need tedious processing even to be tested. Herein, we present a terahertz metasensor based on the coupling of electrical and toroidal dipoles to achieve rapid, non-destructive, label-free identification and highly sensitive quantitative detection of the two most common pathogenic bacteria. The reinforcement of the toroidal dipole significantly boosts the light-matter interactions around the surface of the microstructure, and thus the sensitivity and Q factor of the designed metasensor reach as high as 378 GHz per refractive index unit (RIU) and 21.28, respectively. Combined with the aforementioned advantages, the proposed metasensor successfully identified Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and quantitatively detected four concentrations with the lowest detectable concentration being ∼104 cfu mL-1 in the experiment. This work naturally enriches the research on THz metasensors based on the interference mechanism and inspires more innovations to facilitate the development of biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Chiben Zhang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Pengyue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xingpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Lang Sun
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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26
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Jang J, Jeong M, Lee J, Kim S, Yun H, Rho J. Planar Optical Cavities Hybridized with Low-Dimensional Light-Emitting Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203889. [PMID: 35861661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional light-emitting materials have been actively investigated due to their unprecedented optical and optoelectronic properties that are not observed in their bulk forms. However, the emission from low-dimensional light-emitting materials is generally weak and difficult to use in nanophotonic devices without being amplified and engineered by optical cavities. Along with studies on various planar optical cavities over the last decade, the physics of cavity-emitter interactions as well as various integration methods are investigated deeply. These integrations not only enhance the light-matter interaction of the emitters, but also provide opportunities for realizing nanophotonic devices based on the new physics allowed by low-dimensional emitters. In this review, the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of various planar optical resonators are first provided. Then, commonly used low-dimensional light-emitting materials such as 0D emitters (quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles) and 2D emitters (transition-metal dichalcogenide and hexagonal boron nitride) are discussed. The integration of these emitters and cavities and the expect interplay between them are explained in the following chapters. Finally, a comprehensive discussion and outlook of nanoscale cavity-emitter integrated systems is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichang Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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27
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Chen J, Zheng P, Zhan Q. Towards optical toroidal wavepackets through tight focusing of the cylindrical vector two dimensional spatiotemporal optical vortex. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46666-46679. [PMID: 36558613 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) carrying transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) are of rapidly growing interest for the field of optics due to the new degree of freedom that can be exploited. In this paper, we propose cylindrical vector two dimensional STOVs (2D-STOVs) containing two orthogonal transverse OAMs in both x-t and y-t planes for the first time, and investigate the tightly focusing of such fields using the Richards-Wolf vectorial diffraction theory. Highly confined spatiotemporal wavepackets with polarization structure akin to toroidal topology is generated, whose spatiotemporal intensity distributions resemble the shape of Yo-Yo balls. Tightly focused radially polarized 2D-STOVs will produce wavepackets towards transverse magnetic toroidal topology, while the focused azimuthally polarized 2D-STOVs will give rise to wavepackets towards transverse electric toroidal topology. The presented method may pave a way to experimentally generate the optical toroidal wavepackets in a controllable way, with potential applications in electron acceleration, nanophotonics, energy, transient light-matter interaction, spectroscopy, quantum information processing, etc.
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28
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Ma C, Zhou F, Huang P, Li M, Zhao F, Feng Z, Liu Y, Li X, Guan BO, Chen K. Deterministic Excitation of Polarization-Sensitive Extrinsic Anapole State in Si Nanodisk Clusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204883. [PMID: 36323588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle clusters provide new degrees of freedom for light control due to their mutual interaction compared with an individual one. Here, the authors demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a type of optical anapole (a nonradiating state) termed as extrinsic anapole, with mode field spreading across Si nanodisk dimers unlike the intrinsic one that is confined within individual nanodisks. The extrinsic anapole is sensitive to the polarized excitation. When the electric vector E of excitation is perpendicular to the dimer axis, the coupled toroidal dipole (TD) mode is largely enhanced and broadened to be spectrally overlapped with the electric dipole (ED) mode. The destructive interference of these two modes results in the generation of the extrinsic anapole. However, it vanishes when E is parallel to the dimer axis. Such polarization dependence can be relieved with the participation of the third nanodisk. Scattering spectra of Si nanodisk trimers stay almost unchanged under different polarized excitations, although the near-field distributions are quite different. Finally, enhanced white-light emission is observed in Si nanodisk clusters, which can be attributed to the near-infrared absorption enhancement induced by extrinsic anapole states. The findings manifest that high-index all-dielectric nanodisk clusters are promising for light manipulation based on mode interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churong Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Fangrong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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29
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Kuprov I, Wilkowski D, Zheludev N. Toroidal optical transitions in hydrogen-like atoms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6751. [PMID: 36351026 PMCID: PMC9645728 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly believed that electromagnetic spectra of atoms and molecules can be fully described by interactions involving electric and magnetic multipoles. However, it has recently become clear that interactions between light and matter also involve toroidal multipoles-toroidal absorption lines have been observed in electromagnetic metamaterials. Here, we show that a previously unexplored type of spectroscopy of the hitherto largely neglected toroidal dipolar interaction becomes feasible if, apart from the classical r × r × p toroidal dipole density term responsible for the toroidal transitions in metamaterials, the spin-dependent r × σ term (which only occurs in relativistic quantum mechanics) is taken into account. Toroidal dipole operators are odd under parity and time-reversal symmetries; toroidal dipole transitions can therefore be distinguished from electric multipole and magnetic dipole transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kuprov
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Wilkowski
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, SPMS, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, SPMS, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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30
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Li H, Zheng C, Xu H, Li J, Song C, Li J, Wu L, Yang F, Zhang Y, Shi W, Yao J. Diatomic terahertz metasurfaces for arbitrary-to-circular polarization conversion. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12856-12865. [PMID: 36040140 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polarization control is crucial for tailoring light-matter interactions. Direct manipulation of arbitrarily incident polarized waves could provide more degrees of freedom in the design of integrated and miniaturized terahertz (THz) devices. Metasurfaces with unprecedented wave manipulation capabilities could serve as candidates for fulfilling this requirement. Here, a kind of all-silicon metasurface is demonstrated to realize the conversion of arbitrary incident polarization states to circular polarization states in the THz band through the mutual interference of monolayer achiral meta-atoms. Also, we confirmed that the conversion intensities are controllable using the evolution behavior of arbitrary polarization states defined on the Poincaré sphere. Meta-platforms with circularly polarized incidence experience spin-selective destructive or constructive interference, exhibiting broadband circular dichroism (BCD) in the target frequency range. Based on the versatility of the proposed design, the feasibility of the theoretical derivation has been verified in the experiment process. By introducing the geometric phase principle, the proposed design is demonstrated to be an attractive alternative to achieve chiral wavefront manipulation. This work may provide a promising avenue to replace the cumbersome cascaded optical building blocks with an ultrathin meta-platform, which can be used in chiral spectroscopy, imaging, optical communication, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Chenglong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Chunyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yating Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
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31
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Li S, Li S, Wang Y. Near-infrared toroidal dipole response supported by silicon metasurfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:7388-7392. [PMID: 36256039 DOI: 10.1364/ao.465264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric metasurfaces supporting non-radiative toroidal dipole resonances play important roles in nanophotonics. In this paper, toroidal dipole resonances using a double-axe nanostructure array in the near-infrared region are theoretically investigated by the characterization of the near-field distribution and far-field scattering. An experimental quality factor of 261 is obtained at the resonant wavelength of 1498 nm.
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32
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Peng R, Zhao Q, Meng Y, Wen S. Pure toroidal dipole in a single dielectric disk. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30799-30810. [PMID: 36242177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The toroidal dipole is a peculiar electromagnetic excitation and has attracted increasing interests because of unusual radiation characteristics. However, the realization of toroidal moment requires complicated structure and are often disturbed by the conventional electric and magnetic multipoles. In this paper, we explore the electromagnetic properties of a simple dielectric disk illuminated by a focused radially polarized beam and demonstrate a pure toroidal dipolar response. A comprehensive approach is proposed to suppress other undesirable electromagnetic multipolar resonances step by step. The disk with optimized geometry is employed to construct an all-dielectric electric mirror dominated by toroidal dipolar resonance. And two kinds of anapole modes with total suppression of far-field radiation are investigated, which proves electric and magnetic non-radiating sources, respectively. Besides, by simultaneously introducing the asymmetry in both structure and incidence, a transformation from Mie-type mode to trapped mode is observed. Our study provides an opportunity to realize a unique pure toroidal dipole and may boost the relevant light-matter interaction.
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33
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Yezekyan T, Zenin VA, Beermann J, Bozhevolnyi SI. Anapole States in Gap-Surface Plasmon Resonators. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6098-6104. [PMID: 35867910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anapole states associated with the destructive interference between dipole and toroidal moments result in suppressed scattering accompanied by strongly enhanced near fields. In this work, we comprehensively examine the anapole state formation in metal-insulator-metal configurations supporting gap surface-plasmon (GSP) resonances that are widely used in plasmonics. Using multipole decomposition, we show that in contrast to the common case of dielectric particles with out-of-phase superposition of electric and toroidal dipoles anapole states in GSP resonators are formed due to the compensation of magnetic dipole moments. Unlike anapole states in dielectric particles, magnetic anapole states in GSP resonator does not provide a pronounced suppression of scattering, but it features huge electric field enhancement, which we verify by numerical simulations and two-photon luminescence measurements. This makes the GSP resonator configuration very promising for use in a wide range of applications, ranging from nonlinear harmonic generation to absorption enhancement and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torgom Yezekyan
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vladimir A Zenin
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jonas Beermann
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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34
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Forbes A. Structured matter creates toroidal structured light. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:230. [PMID: 35869041 PMCID: PMC9307807 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-structured metasurfaces have to be tailored from artificial atoms that act as toroidal emitters, giving rise to a new form of light long predicted: "flying doughnuts" as propagating spatial-temporal electromagnetic toroidal pulses in both the visible and THz regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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35
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He C, Shen Y, Forbes A. Towards higher-dimensional structured light. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:205. [PMID: 35790711 PMCID: PMC9256673 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom (DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the most topical example, and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light, control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction, promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured light. Nevertheless, harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging, with the toolkit still in its infancy. In this perspective, we discuss methods, challenges, and opportunities for the creation, detection, and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured light. We present a roadmap for future development trends, from fundamental research to applications, concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity, higher-security information processing and communication, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Yijie Shen
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
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36
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Wang Y, Zhou C, Huo Y, Cui P, Song M, Liu T, Zhao C, Liao Z, Zhang Z, Xie Y. Efficient Excitation and Tuning of Multi-Fano Resonances with High Q-Factor in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132292. [PMID: 35808128 PMCID: PMC9268095 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exciting Fano resonance can improve the quality factor (Q-factor) and enhance the light energy utilization rate of optical devices. However, due to the large inherent loss of metals and the limitation of phase matching, traditional optical devices based on surface plasmon resonance cannot obtain a larger Q-factor. In this study, a silicon square-hole nano disk (SHND) array device is proposed and studied numerically. The results show that, by breaking the symmetry of the SHND structure and transforming an ideal bound state in the continuum (BIC) with an infinite Q-factor into a quasi-BIC with a finite Q-factor, three Fano resonances can be realized. The calculation results also show that the three Fano resonances with narrow linewidth can produce significant local electric and magnetic field enhancements: the highest Q-factor value reaches 35,837, and the modulation depth of those Fano resonances can reach almost 100%. Considering these properties, the SHND structure realizes multi-Fano resonances with a high Q-factor, narrow line width, large modulation depth and high near-field enhancement, which could provide a new method for applications such as multi-wavelength communications, lasing, and nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhou
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yiping Huo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meina Song
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuxiong Liao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongyue Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - You Xie
- College of Science, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
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37
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Zhang C, Xue T, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu L, Xie J, Yao J, Wang G, Ye X, Zhu W. Terahertz meta-biosensor based on high-Q electrical resonance enhanced by the interference of toroidal dipole. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114493. [PMID: 35780535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Electrical dipole resonances typically have low Q factor and broad resonant linewidth caused by strong free-space coupling with high radiative loss. Here, we present a strategy for enhancing the Q factor of the electrical resonance via the interference of a toroidal dipole. To validate such a strategy, a metasurface consisting of two resonators is designed that responsible to the electric and toroidal dipoles. According to constructive and destructive hybridizations of the two dipole modes, enhanced and decreased Q factors are found respectively for the two hybrid modes, compared to the one for the conventional electric dipole resonance. As a practical application of such high Q resonance, we further experimentally investigate the sensing performance of the metasurface biosensor by detecting the cell concentration of lung cancer cells (type A549). Moreover, through monitoring both resonance frequency and amplitude variation of the metasurface biosensor, the dielectric permittivity of the lung cancer cells is delicately estimated by the conjoint analysis of both simulated and measured results. Our proposed metasurface paves a promising way for the study of multipole interference in the field of nanophotonics and validates its effectiveness in biomedical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiben Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, 710051, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingjia Xue
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Longhai Liu
- Advantest (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- Advantest (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, 710051, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaodan Ye
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Weiren Zhu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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38
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Song H, Hong B, Qiu Y, Yu K, Pei J, Wang GP. Tunable bilayer dielectric metasurface via stacking magnetic mirrors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22885-22900. [PMID: 36224979 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Functional tunability, environmental adaptability, and easy fabrication are highly desired properties in metasurfaces. Here we provide a tunable bilayer metasurface composed of two stacked identical dielectric magnetic mirrors. The magnetic mirrors are excited by the interaction between the interference of multipoles of each cylinder and the lattice resonance of the periodic array, which exhibits nonlocal electric field enhancement near the interface and high reflection. We achieve the reversible conversion between high reflection and high transmission by manipulating the interlayer coupling near the interface between the two magnetic mirrors. Controlling the interlayer spacing leads to the controllable interlayer coupling and scattering of meta-atom. The magnetic mirror effect boosts the interlayer coupling when the interlayer spacing is small. Furthermore, the high transmission of the bilayer metasurface has good robustness due to the meta-atom with interlayer coupling can maintain scattering suppression against positional perturbation. This work provides a straightforward method to design tunable metasurface and sheds new light on high-performance optical switches applied in communication and sensing.
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39
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Huo Y, Zhang X, Yan M, Sun K, Jiang S, Ning T, Zhao L. Highly-sensitive sensor based on toroidal dipole governed by bound state in the continuum in dielectric non-coaxial core-shell cylinder. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19030-19041. [PMID: 36221690 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electromagnetic fields distributed on the surface region of the nanostructure is very important to improve the performance of the sensor. Here, we proposed a highly sensitive sensor based on toroidal dipole (TD) governed by bound state in the continuum (BIC) in all-dielectric metasurface consisting of single non-coaxial core-shell cylinder nanostructure array. The excitation of TD resonance in a single nanostructure is still challenging. The designed nanostructure not only supports TD resonance in a single nanostructure but also has very high Q-factor. More importantly, its electric field distributes at the surface of outer cylinder-shell, which is very suitable for biosensing. To evaluate the sensing performance of our proposed structure, we investigated the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) of nanostructure with different structural parameters. Maximum sensitivity and FOM can reach up to 342 nm/RIU and 1295 when the asymmetric parameter d =10 nm. These results are of great significance to the research of TD resonance and the development of ultrasensitive sensor.
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40
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Bukharin MM, Pecherkin VY, Ospanova AK, Il'in VB, Vasilyak LM, Basharin AA, Luk'yanchuk B. Transverse Kerker effect in all-dielectric spheroidal particles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7997. [PMID: 35568693 PMCID: PMC9107494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Kerker effect is one of the unique phenomena in modern electrodynamics. Due to overlapping of electric and magnetic dipole moments, all-dielectric particles can be invisible in forward or backward directions. In our paper we propose new conditions between resonantly excited electric dipole and magnetic quadrupole in ceramic high index spheroidal particles for demonstrating transverse Kerker effect. Moreover, we perform proof-of-concept microwave experiment and demonstrate dumbbell radiation pattern with suppressed scattering in both forward and backward directions and enhanced scattering in lateral directions. Our concept is promising for future planar lasers, nonreflected metasurface and laterally excited waveguides and nanoantennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M Bukharin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ya Pecherkin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia
| | - Anar K Ospanova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Vladimir B Il'in
- Dept. Math. Mechan., St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
- Petersburg University of Aerospace Instrumentation, St. Petersburg, 190000, Russia
- Main (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory of RAS, St. Petersburg, 196140, Russia
| | - Leonid M Vasilyak
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia
| | - Alexey A Basharin
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland.
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics RAS, Moscow, 125412, Russia.
| | - Boris Luk'yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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41
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Wang H, Yu Y, Zeng R, Sun B, Yang W. Actively tunable toroidal response in microwave metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:13320-13330. [PMID: 35472947 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toroidal dipole moment has attracted much attention in recent years due to their novel electromagnetic response such as non-reciprocal interactions and unusual low-radiating manifestations. However, most of the previously reported toroidal dipole moment are incapable of real-time control of direction and intensity. In this paper, an actively tunable toroidal metamaterials are proposed to achieve programmable toroidal dipole manipulations with electric control. The intensity and direction of toroidal dipole can be sensitively regulated by electrically controlling the loaded diodes. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that the toroidal dipole could be dynamically switched to the electric and magnetic dipole. Meantime, the direction of toroidal dipole also could be controlled. Experimental and numerical results, in good agreement, demonstrate good performance of the proposed toroidal metamaterials, with potential applications in modulators, sensors, and filters.
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42
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Zhang J, Wang X, Zhou L, Liu G, Adroja DT, da Silva I, Demmel F, Khalyavin D, Sannigrahi J, Nair HS, Duan L, Zhao J, Deng Z, Yu R, Shen X, Yu R, Zhao H, Zhao J, Long Y, Hu Z, Lin HJ, Chan TS, Chen CT, Wu W, Jin C. A Ferrotoroidic Candidate with Well-Separated Spin Chains. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106728. [PMID: 35064593 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The search of novel quasi-1D materials is one of the important aspects in the field of material science. Toroidal moment, the order parameter of ferrotoroidic order, can be generated by a head-to-tail configuration of magnetic moment. It has been theoretically proposed that 1D dimerized and antiferromagnetic (AFM)-like spin chain hosts ferrotoroidicity and has the toroidal moment composed of only two antiparallel spins. Here, the authors report a ferrotoroidic candidate of Ba6 Cr2 S10 with such a theoretical model of spin chain. The structure consists of unique dimerized face-sharing CrS6 octahedral chains along the c axis. An AFM-like ordering at ≈10 K breaks both space- and time-reversal symmetries and the magnetic point group of mm'2'allows three ferroic orders in Ba6 Cr2 S10 : (anti)ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferrotoroidic orders. Their investigation reveals that Ba6 Cr2 S10 is a rare ferrotoroid ic candidate with quasi 1D spin chain, which can be considered as a starting point for the further exploration of the physics and applications of ferrotoroidicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiancheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Devashibhai T Adroja
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
- Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Ivan da Silva
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Franz Demmel
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Dmitry Khalyavin
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Jhuma Sannigrahi
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hari S Nair
- Department of Physics, 500 W. University Ave, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Lei Duan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianfa Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Runze Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Richeng Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Youwen Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Plank Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hong-Ji Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Changqing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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43
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Du T, Ma H, Jiang X. Tailoring bound states in the continuum in symmetric photonic crystal slabs by coupling strengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8049-8062. [PMID: 35299554 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate polarization-insensitive dual bound states in the continuum (BICs) at Γ point in symmetric photonic crystal (PhC) slabs. Especially, BICs are tailored by tuning intra- and intercellular optical coupling strengths of PhC slabs. Based on four different approaches, we realize the transition from BIC to quasi-BIC resonances with various dispersion behaviors while maintaining the symmetry of slabs. Also, we show the two resonances are lowest-order even and odd eigenmodes that can match the symmetry of the incident plane wave, and their quality (Q) factors follow the inverse quadratic law except for cases with larger perturbations. Furthermore, multipolar decomposition reveals that even quasi-BICs are dominated by the toroidal dipole and magnetic quadrupole, while odd quasi-BICs are governed by the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole. Interestingly, an anomalous increase of the Q factor is observed in one case, which is attributed to the mode transformation. Finally, anisotropic coupling adjustment is discussed, which enriches the degrees of freedom to manipulate BICs. This work introduces a novel perspective to tailor BICs at Γ point in PhC slabs and has potential planar photonic applications for nonlinear enhancement and sensing.
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44
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Liu L, Ge L. Toroidal dipole resonances by a sub-wavelength all-dielectric torus. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7491-7500. [PMID: 35299510 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic toroidal excitations open up a new avenue for strong light-matter interactions. Although toroidal dipole resonances (TDRs) based on artificial meta-molecules were reported intensely, the TDRs supported in a single dielectric particle remain largely unknown. In this work, we show that an all-dielectric sub-wavelength torus can support a dominant TDR. The magnetic field can be enhanced greatly, and it shows a "vortex-like" configuration in the torus, confirming the toroidal excitation. The evolutions of the TDRs due to the geometrical parameters, dielectric permittivity, and polarization are discussed. It is found that the toroidal excitation is achieved mainly for TM polarization, while the anapole state is uncovered for TE polarization. This work suggests a new strategy for toroidal excitations based on a simple dielectric resonator.
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45
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Shi Y, Zhou LM, Liu AQ, Nieto-Vesperinas M, Zhu T, Hassanfiroozi A, Liu J, Zhang H, Tsai DP, Li H, Ding W, Zhu W, Yu YF, Mazzulla A, Cipparrone G, Wu PC, Chan CT, Qiu CW. Superhybrid Mode-Enhanced Optical Torques on Mie-Resonant Particles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1769-1777. [PMID: 35156826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light carries spin angular momentum, so it can exert an optical torque on the polarization-anisotropic particle by the spin momentum transfer. Here, we show that giant positive and negative optical torques on Mie-resonant (gain) particles arise from the emergence of superhybrid modes with magnetic multipoles and electric toroidal moments, excited by linearly polarized beams. Anomalous positive and negative torques on particles (doped with judicious amount of dye molecules) are over 800 and 200 times larger than the ordinary lossy counterparts, respectively. Meanwhile, a rotational motor can be configured by switching the s- and p-polarized beams, exhibiting opposite optical torques. These giant and reversed optical torques are unveiled for the first time in the scattering spectrum, paving another avenue toward exploring unprecedented physics of hybrid and superhybrid multipoles in metaoptics and optical manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei-Ming Zhou
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Amir Hassanfiroozi
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weiqiang Ding
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ye Feng Yu
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Alfredo Mazzulla
- CNR Nanotec─Institute of Nanotechnology, S.S. Cosenza, Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cipparrone
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci 31C, Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - C T Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
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46
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Yu S, Wang Y, Gao Z, Li H, Song S, Yu J, Zhao T. Dual-band polarization-insensitive toroidal dipole quasi-bound states in the continuum in a permittivity-asymmetric all-dielectric meta-surface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4084-4095. [PMID: 35209653 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high quality (Q) factor resonances derived from the bound states in the continuum (BICs) have drawn much attention in optics and photonics. Especially in meta-surfaces, they can enable ultrasensitive sensors, spectral filtering, and lasers because of their enhanced light-matter interactions and rare superiority of scalability. In this paper, we propose a permittivity-asymmetric all-dielectric meta-surface, comprising high-index cuboid tetramer clusters with symmetric structural parameters and configuring periodically on a glass substrate. Simulation results offer dual-band quasi-BICs with high Q values of 4447 and 11391, respectively. Multipolar decomposition in cartesian and electromagnetic distributions are engaged to analyze the physical mechanism of dual quasi-BIC modes, which reveals that they are both governed by magnetic quadrupole (MQ) and in-plane toroidal dipole (TD). The polarization-insensitive and scalable characteristics are also investigated. Additionally, we appraise the sensing performances of the proposed structure. As an example, our work supports an uncommon route to design dual-band polarization-insensitive TD quasi-BICs resonators and facilitates their applications in optic and photonics, such as low-threshold lasers and sensing.
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47
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Bhattacharya A, Sarkar R, Kumar G. Toroidal electromagnetically induced transparency based meta-surfaces and its applications. iScience 2022; 25:103708. [PMID: 35059611 PMCID: PMC8760412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The vigorous research on low-loss photonic devices has brought significance to a new kind of electromagnetic excitation, known as toroidal resonances. Toroidal excitation, possessing high-quality factor and narrow linewidth of the resonances, has found profound applications in metamaterial (MM) devices. By the coupling of toroidal dipolar resonance to traditional electric/magnetic resonances, a metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency effect (EIT) has been developed. Toroidal induced EIT has demonstrated intriguing properties including steep linear dispersion in transparency windows, often leading to elevated group refractive index in the material. This review summarizes the brief history and properties of the toroidal resonance, its identification in metamaterials, and their applications. Further, numerous theoretical and experimental demonstrations of single and multiband EIT effects in toroidal-dipole-based metamaterials and its applications are discussed. The study of toroidal-based EIT has numerous potential applications in the development of biomolecular sensing, slow light systems, switches, and refractive index sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rakesh Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gagan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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48
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Summa FF, Monaco G, Zanasi R, Lazzeretti P. Dynamic Toroidisability as Ubiquitous Property of Atoms and Molecules in Optical Electric Fields. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno Department of Chemistry and Biology, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- University of Salerno Department of Chemistry and Biology, Italy
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49
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Luk Yanchuk B, Vasilyak LM, Pecherkin VY, Vetchinin SP, Fortov VE, Wang ZB, Paniagua-Domínguez R, Fedyanin AA. Colossal magnetic fields in high refractive index materials at microwave frequencies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23453. [PMID: 34873201 PMCID: PMC8648870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resonant scattering of electromagnetic waves is a widely studied phenomenon with a vast range of applications that span completely different fields, from astronomy or meteorology to spectroscopy and optical circuitry. Despite being subject of intensive research for many decades, new fundamental aspects are still being uncovered, in connection with emerging areas, such as metamaterials and metasurfaces or quantum and topological optics, to mention some. In this work, we demonstrate yet one more novel phenomenon arising in the scattered near field of medium sized objects comprising high refractive index materials, which allows the generation of colossal local magnetic fields. In particular, we show that GHz radiation illuminating a high refractive index ceramic sphere creates instant magnetic near-fields comparable to those in neutron stars, opening up a new paradigm for creation of giant magnetic fields on the millimeter's scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Luk Yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - L M Vasilyak
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - V Ya Pecherkin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - S P Vetchinin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - V E Fortov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - Z B Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, UK
| | - R Paniagua-Domínguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - A A Fedyanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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Zheng K, Zhang Z, Qin F, Xu Y. Invisible Mie scatterer. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5248-5251. [PMID: 34653164 DOI: 10.1364/ol.443021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric Mie scatterers possessing simultaneously magnetic and electric resonances can be used to tailor scattering utilizing the interference among electromagnetic multipole moments. Cloaking for this type of Mie scatterer is important for various applications. However, the existing cloaking mechanisms mainly focus on the elimination of net electric dipole moments, which have not been generalized to a Mie scatterer with both magnetic and electric responses yet. Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an invisible Mie scatterer utilizing a hybrid skin cloak. The hybrid mechanism relies on the realization of a magnetic analog of a plasmonic cloak and the electric anapole condition to eliminate the net magnetic and electric dipole moments simultaneously. Microwave experiments are provided to validate the proposal. Our results not only introduce a new concept of skin cloaking for electromagnetic scatterers, but also provide new insight for the invisibility and illusion of Mie scatterers.
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