1
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Ji S, Zeng M, Zhan X, Liu H, Zhou Y, Wang K, Yan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Exceptionally High- glum Circularly Polarized Lasers Empowered by Strong 2D-Chiroptical Response in a Host-Guest Supramolecular Microcrystal. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39102645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Circularly polarized (CP) lasers hold tremendous potential for advancing spin information communication and display technologies. Organic materials are emerging candidates for high-performance CP lasers because of their abundant chiral structures and excellent gain characteristics. However, their dissymmetry factor (glum) in CP emission is typically low due to the weak chiral light matter interactions. Here, we presented an effective approach to significantly amplifying glum by leveraging the intrinsic 2D-chiroptical response of an anisotropic organic supramolecular crystal. The organic complex microcrystal was designed to exhibit large 2D-chiroptical activities through strong coupling interactions between their remarkable linear birefringence (LB) and high degree of fluorescence linear polarization. Such 2D-chiroptical response can be further enhanced by the stimulated emission resulted from an increased degree of linear polarization, yielding a nearly pure CP laser with an exceptionally high glum of up to 1.78. Moreover, exploiting the extreme susceptibility of LB to temperature, we demonstrate a prototype of temperature-controlled chiroptical switches. These findings offer valuable insights for harnessing organic crystals to facilitate the development of high-performance CP lasers and other chiroptical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haidi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Nie N, Gong X, Gong C, Qiao Z, Wang Z, Fang G, Chen YC. A Wearable Thin-Film Hydrogel Laser for Functional Sensing on Skin. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9159-9166. [PMID: 38726669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Flexible photonics offers the possibility of realizing wearable sensors by bridging the advantages of flexible materials and photonic sensing elements. Recently, optical resonators have emerged as a tool to improve their oversensitivity by integrating with flexible photonic sensors. However, direct monitoring of multiple psychological information on human skin remains challenging due to the subtle biological signals and complex tissue interface. To tackle the current challenges, here, we developed a functional thin film laser formed by encapsulating liquid crystal droplet lasers in a flexible hydrogel for monitoring metabolites in human sweat (lactate, glucose, and urea). The three-dimensional cross-linked hydrophilic polymer serves as the adhesive layer to allow small molecules to penetrate from human tissue to generate strong light--matter interactions on the interface of whispering gallery modes resonators. Both the hydrogel and cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplets were modified specifically to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. As a proof of concept, wavelength-multiplexed sensing and a prototype were demonstrated on human skin to detect human metabolites from perspiration. These results present a significant advance in the fabrication and potential guidance for wearable and functional microlasers in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyuan Nie
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Ziyihui Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guocheng Fang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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3
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Wu W, Mu Y. Microfluidic technologies for advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:031504. [PMID: 38855477 PMCID: PMC11162290 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is getting serious and becoming a threat to public health worldwide. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics is responsible for this situation. The standard methods used in clinical laboratories, to diagnose bacterial infections, identify pathogens, and determine susceptibility profiles, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, leaving the empirical antimicrobial therapy as the only option for the first treatment. To prevent the situation from getting worse, evidence-based therapy should be given. The choosing of effective drugs requires powerful diagnostic tools to provide comprehensive information on infections. Recent progress in microfluidics is pushing infection diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to be faster and easier. This review summarizes the recent development in microfluidic assays for rapid identification and AST in bacterial infections. Finally, we discuss the perspective of microfluidic-AST to develop the next-generation infection diagnosis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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4
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Xu Z, Yan Y, Wang X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Yang X, Zhai T. Determination of Enantiomeric Excess by Optofluidic Microlaser near Exceptional Point. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308362. [PMID: 38072636 PMCID: PMC10870016 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Enantiomeric excess (ee) is an essential indicator of chiral drug purification in the pharmaceutical industry. However, to date the ee determination of unknown concentration enantiomers generally involves two separate techniques for chirality and concentration measurement. Here, a whispering-gallery mode (WGM) based optofluidic microlaser near exceptional point to achieve the ee determination under unknown concentration with a single technique is proposed. Exceptional point induces the unidirectional WGM lasing, providing the optofluidic microlaser with the novel capability to measure chirality by polarization, in addition to wavelength-based concentration detection. The dual-parameters detection of optofluidic microlaser empowers it to achieve ee determination of various unknown enantiomers without additional concentration measurements, a feat that is challenging to accomplish with other methods. Featuring the sensitivity enhancement and miniature structure of the WGM sensors, the obtained chiroptical response of the present approach is ≈30-fold higher than that of the conventional optical rotation-based polarimeter, and the reagent consumption is reduced by three orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
- Institute of Laser EngineeringFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Yinzhou Yan
- Institute of Laser EngineeringFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Xingyuan Wang
- College of Mathematics and PhysicsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Faculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
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5
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Bonnefond S, Reynaud A, Cazareth J, Abélanet S, Vassalli M, Brau F, Lippi GL. Nanoscatterer-Assisted Fluorescence Amplification Technique. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2875. [PMID: 37947721 PMCID: PMC10648225 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Weak fluorescence signals, which are important in research and applications, are often masked by the background. Different amplification techniques are actively investigated. Here, a broadband, geometry-independent and flexible feedback scheme based on the random scattering of dielectric nanoparticles allows the amplification of a fluorescence signal by partial trapping of the radiation within the sample volume. Amplification of up to a factor of 40 is experimentally demonstrated in ultrapure water with dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles (30 to 50 nm in diameter) and fluorescein dye at 200 μmol concentration (pumped with 5 ns long, 3 mJ laser pulses at 490 nm). The measurements show a measurable reduction in linewidth at the emission peak, indicating that feedback-induced stimulated emission contributes to the large gain observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bonnefond
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7010 CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France;
| | - Antoine Reynaud
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7275 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Julie Cazareth
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7275 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Sophie Abélanet
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7275 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK;
| | - Frédéric Brau
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7275 CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France; (A.R.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Gian Luca Lippi
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7010 CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France;
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6
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Ghasemi M, Debnath PC, Kim B, Pournoury M, Khazaeinezhad R, Hosseinzadeh Kassani S, Yeom DI, Oh K. Highly nonlinear optic nucleic acid thin-solid film to generate short pulse laser. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17494. [PMID: 37840076 PMCID: PMC10577146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Using aqueous precursors, we report successfully fabricating thin-solid films of two nucleic acids, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We investigated the potential of these films deposited on a fiber optic platform as all-fiber integrated saturable absorbers (SAs) for ultrafast nonlinear optics. RNA-SA performances were comparable to those of DNA-SA in terms of its nonlinear transmission, modulation depth, and saturation intensity. Upon insertion of these devices into an Erbium-doped fiber ring-laser cavity, both RNA and DNA SAs enabled efficient passive Q-switching operation. RNA-SA application further facilitated robust mode-locking and generated a transform-limited soliton pulse, exhibiting a pulse duration of 633 femtoseconds. A detailed analysis of these pulsed laser characteristics compared RNA and DNA fiber optic SAs with other nonlinear optic materials. The findings of this research establish the feasibility of utilizing RNA as a saturable absorber in ultrafast laser systems with an equal or higher potential as DNA, which presents novel possibilities for the nonlinear photonic applications of nucleic acid thin solid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Ghasemi
- Photonic Device Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Pulak Chandra Debnath
- Department of Physics and Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Laser and Electron Beam Technologies, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Marzieh Pournoury
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Reza Khazaeinezhad
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Dong-Il Yeom
- Department of Physics and Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Oh
- Photonic Device Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
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7
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Caixeiro S, Wijesinghe P, Dholakia K, Gather MC. Snapshot hyperspectral imaging of intracellular lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33175-33190. [PMID: 37859103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lasers are emerging as powerful biosensors for multiplexed tracking and precision sensing of cells and their microenvironment. This sensing capacity is enabled by quantifying their narrow-linewidth emission spectra, which is presently challenging to do at high speeds. In this work, we demonstrate rapid snapshot hyperspectral imaging of intracellular lasers. Using integral field mapping with a microlens array and a diffraction grating, we obtain images of the spatial and spectral intensity distribution from a single camera acquisition. We demonstrate widefield hyperspectral imaging over a 3 × 3 mm2 field of view and volumetric imaging over 250 × 250 × 800 µm3 (XYZ) volumes with a lateral (XY) resolution of 5 µm, axial (Z) resolution of 10 µm, and a spectral resolution of less than 0.8 nm. We evaluate the performance and outline the challenges and strengths of snapshot methods in the context of characterizing the emission from intracellular lasers. This method offers new opportunities for a diverse range of applications, including high-throughput and long-term biosensing with intracellular lasers.
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8
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Zamboni R, Gauthier-Manuel L, Zaltron A, Lucchetti L, Chauvet M, Sada C. Opto-microfluidic coupling between optical waveguides and tilted microchannels in lithium niobate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28423-28436. [PMID: 37710896 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a reconfigurable opto-microfluidic coupling between optical waveguides and tilted microfluidic channels in monolithic lithium niobate crystal. The light path connecting two waveguide arrays located on opposite sides of a microfluidic channel depends on the refractive index between the liquid phase and the hosting crystal. As a result, the optical properties of the flowing fluid, which is pumped into the microfluidic channel on demand, can be exploited to control the light pathways inside the optofluidic device. Proof-of-concept applications are herein presented, including microfluidic optical waveguide switching, optical refractive index sensing, and wavelength demultiplexing.
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9
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Anwar A, Mur M, Humar M. Microcavity- and Microlaser-Based Optical Barcoding: A Review of Encoding Techniques and Applications. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1202-1224. [PMID: 37215324 PMCID: PMC10197175 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical microbarcodes have recently received a great deal of interest because of their suitability for a wide range of applications, such as multiplexed assays, cell tagging and tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling. Spectral barcodes are especially promising because they are robust and have a simple readout. In addition, microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes have very narrow spectra and therefore have the potential to generate millions of unique barcodes. This review begins with a discussion of the different types of barcodes and then focuses specifically on microcavity-based barcodes. While almost any kind of optical microcavity can be used for barcoding, currently whispering-gallery microcavities (in the form of spheres and disks), nanowire lasers, Fabry-Pérot lasers, random lasers, and distributed feedback lasers are the most frequently employed for this purpose. In microcavity-based barcodes, the information is encoded in various ways in the properties of the emitted light, most frequently in the spectrum. The barcode is dependent on the properties of the microcavity, such as the size, shape, and the gain materials. Various applications of these barcodes, including cell tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling are described. Finally, the future prospects for microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur
Rehman Anwar
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Mur
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Humar
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CENN
Nanocenter, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska
19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Wang Z, Fang G, Gao Z, Liao Y, Gong C, Kim M, Chang GE, Feng S, Xu T, Liu T, Chen YC. Autonomous Microlasers for Profiling Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer Spheroids. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2502-2510. [PMID: 36926974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled micro/nanomotors are emergent intelligent sensors for analyzing extracellular biomarkers in circulating biological fluids. Conventional luminescent motors are often masked by a highly dynamic and scattered environment, creating challenges to characterize biomarkers or subtle binding dynamics. Here we introduce a strategy to amplify subtle signals by coupling strong light-matter interactions on micromotors. A smart whispering-gallery-mode microlaser that can self-propel and analyze extracellular biomarkers is demonstrated through a liquid crystal microdroplet. Lasing spectral responses induced by cavity energy transfer were employed to reflect the abundance of protein biomarkers, generating exclusive molecular labels for cellular profiling of exosomes derived from 3D multicellular cancer spheroids. Finally, a microfluidic biosystem with different tumor-derived exosomes was employed to elaborate its sensing capability in complex environments. The proposed autonomous microlaser exhibits a promising method for both fundamental biological science and applications in drug screening, phenotyping, and organ-on-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Guocheng Fang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zehang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Yikai Liao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Munho Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tiegen Liu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
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11
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Haber E, Douvidzon M, Maayani S, Carmon T. A Liquid Mirror Resonator. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:624. [PMID: 36985031 PMCID: PMC10052182 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental demonstration of a Fabry‒Perot resonator that utilizes total internal reflection from a liquid-gas interface. Our hybrid resonator hosts both optical and capillary waves that mutually interact. Except for the almost perfect reflection by the oil-air interface at incident angles smaller than the critical angle, reflections from the liquid-phase boundary permit optically examining thermal fluctuations and capillary waves at the oil surface. Characterizing our optocapillary Fabry‒Perot reveals optical modes with transverse cross-sectional areas of various shapes and longitudinal modes that are separated by the free spectral range. The optical finesse of our hybrid optocapillary resonator is Fo = 60, the optical quality factor is Qo = 20 million, and the capillary quality factor is Qc = 6. By adjusting the wavelength of our laser near the optical resonance wavelength, we measure the liquid's Brownian fluctuations. As expected, the low-viscosity liquid exhibits a distinct frequency of capillary oscillation, indicating operation in the underdamped regime. Conversely, going to the overdamped regime reveals no such distinct capillary frequency. Our optocapillary resonator might impact fundamental studies and applications in surface science by enabling optical interrogation, excitation, and cooling of capillary waves residing in a plane. Moreover, our optocapillary Fabry‒Perot might permit photographing thermal capillary oscillation, which the current state-of-the-art techniques do not support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Haber
- Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Mark Douvidzon
- Mark Douvidzon, Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shai Maayani
- Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tal Carmon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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12
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Chen L, Liang S, Chen Z, Liang X, Chen Q. Electrically Tunable Lenses for Imaging and Light Manipulation. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:319. [PMID: 36838021 PMCID: PMC9964308 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidics seamlessly combines optics and microfluidics together to construct novel devices for microsystems, providing flexible reconfigurability and high compatibility. By taking advantage of mature electronic fabrication techniques and flexible regulation of microfluidics, electrically actuated optofluidics has achieved fantastic optical functions. Generally, the optical function is achieved by electrically modulating the interfaces or movements of microdroplets inside a small chamber. The high refractive index difference (~0.5) at the interfaces between liquid/air or liquid/liquid makes unprecedented optical tunability a reality. They are suitable for optical imaging devices, such as microscope and portable electronic. This paper will review the working principle and recent development of electrical optofluidic devices by electrowetting and dielectrophoresis, including optical lens/microscope, beam steering and in-plane light manipulation. Some methods to improve the lens performance are reviewed. In addition, the applications of electrical microfluidics are also discussed. In order to stimulate the development of electrically controlled liquid lens, two novel designs derived from electrowetting and dielectrophoresis are introduced in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shijie Liang
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhenshi Chen
- School of Electronic Information, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xifa Liang
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qingming Chen
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
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13
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Lim B, Kim J, Desai MS, Wu W, Chae I, Lee SW. Elastic Fluorescent Protein-Based Down-Converting Optical Films for Flexible Display. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:118-131. [PMID: 36507771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based material design provides great advantages to developing smart biomaterials with tunable structures and desired functions. They have been widely used in many biomedical applications including tissue engineering and drug delivery. However, protein-based materials are not yet widely used in optoelectronic materials despite their excellent optical and tunable mechanical properties. Here, we synthesized engineered fluorescent proteins (FPs) fused with elastic protein for the development of optoelectrical down-converting optical filters for flexible display materials. We synthesized sequence-specific FPs to tune blue, green, yellow, and red colors and fused them with elastic protein to tune mechanical properties. We fabricated flexible self-supporting film materials and characterized mechanical properties and down-converting optical properties. We also fabricated a hybrid light-emitting diode (LED) to down convert blue to desired green, red, and white colors. Furthermore, we constructed a flexible white LED using organic LED as a flexible substrate. Our modular synthesis approach of tunable bio-optoelectrical material approaches will be useful to design future biocompatible and flexible display materials and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butaek Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Jinyeong Kim
- Samsung Display Co Ltd, 1 Samsung-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Malav S Desai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Weiyu Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Inseok Chae
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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14
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Zhao X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Luo M, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Ultrasensitive optofluidic coupled Fabry-Perot capillary sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45070-45081. [PMID: 36522917 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) measurements are pertinent in concentration and biomolecular detection. Accordingly, an ultrasensitive optofluidic coupled Fabry-Perot (FP) capillary sensor based on the Vernier effect for RI sensing is proposed. Square capillaries integrated with the coupled FP microcavity provide multiple microfluidic channels while reducing the complexity of the fabrication process. The incoherent light source and spectrometer used during measurement facilitate the development of a low-cost sensing system. An ultrahigh RI sensitivity of 51709.0 nm/RIU and detection limit of 2.84 × 10-5 RIU are experimentally demonstrated, indicating acceptable RI sensing performance. The proposed sensor has significant potential for practical and low-cost applications such as RI, concentration, or biomolecular sensing.
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15
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Saxena D, Arnaudon A, Cipolato O, Gaio M, Quentel A, Yaliraki S, Pisignano D, Camposeo A, Barahona M, Sapienza R. Sensitivity and spectral control of network lasers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6493. [PMID: 36310173 PMCID: PMC9618558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, random lasing in complex networks has shown efficient lasing over more than 50 localised modes, promoted by multiple scattering over the underlying graph. If controlled, these network lasers can lead to fast-switching multifunctional light sources with synthesised spectrum. Here, we observe both in experiment and theory high sensitivity of the network laser spectrum to the spatial shape of the pump profile, with some modes for example increasing in intensity by 280% when switching off 7% of the pump beam. We solve the nonlinear equations within the steady state ab-initio laser theory (SALT) approximation over a graph and we show selective lasing of around 90% of the strongest intensity modes, effectively programming the spectrum of the lasing networks. In our experiments with polymer networks, this high sensitivity enables control of the lasing spectrum through non-uniform pump patterns. We propose the underlying complexity of the network modes as the key element behind efficient spectral control opening the way for the development of optical devices with wide impact for on-chip photonics for communication, sensing, and computation. Nanophotonic light sources with programmable emission spectrum are important building blocks for integrated photonics, sensing and optical computing. Here the authors tune the complex laser spectrum of a network laser achieving selective lasing of a single, two or more modes.
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16
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Delikanli S, Isik F, Durmusoglu EG, Erdem O, Shabani F, Canimkurbey B, Kumar S, Dehghanpour Baruj H, Demir HV. Observation of optical gain from aqueous quantum well heterostructures in water. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14895-14901. [PMID: 36106594 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although achieving optical gain using aqueous solutions of colloidal nanocrystals as a gain medium is exceptionally beneficial for bio-optoelectronic applications, the realization of optical gain in an aqueous medium using solution-processed nanocrystals has been extremely challenging because of the need for surface modification to make nanocrystals water dispersible while still maintaining their gain. Here, we present the achievement of optical gain in an aqueous medium using an advanced architecture of CdSe/CdS@CdxZn1-xS core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with an ultralow threshold of ∼3.4 μJ cm-2 and an ultralong gain lifetime of ∼2.6 ns. This demonstration of optical gain in an aqueous medium is a result of the carefully heterostructured CQWs having large absorption cross-section and gain cross-section in addition to inherently slow Auger recombination in these CQWs. Furthermore, we show low-threshold in-water amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from these aqueous CQWs with a threshold of 120 μJ cm-2. In addition, we demonstrate a whispering gallery mode laser with a low threshold of ∼30 μJ cm-2 obtained by incorporating films of CQWs by exploiting layer-by-layer approach on a fiber. The observation of low-threshold optical gain with ultralong gain lifetime presents a significant step toward the realization of advanced optofluidic colloidal lasers and their continuous-wave pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Delikanli
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Emek G Durmusoglu
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Betul Canimkurbey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Central Research Laboratory, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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17
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Li R, Song Z, Zhu H, Zhang F, Chen L, Ning C, Ruan S. Ultrasensitive Detection of Biomarkers in a Color-Switchable Microcavity-Reactor Laser. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202326. [PMID: 35676221 PMCID: PMC9376852 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and diagnosis are vitally important in reducing the mortality rate of fatal diseases but require highly sensitive detection of biomarkers. Presently, detection methods with the highest sensitivity require in vitro processing, while in vivo compatible fluorescence detections require a much higher concentration of biomarkers or limit of detection (LOD). In this paper, a fundamentally new strategy for ultrasensitive detection based on color-switchable lasing with a cavity-enhanced reduction of LOD is demonstrated, down to 1.4 × 10-16 mg ml-1 for a quantitative detection, lower than both the fluorescence method and plasmonic enhanced method. For a qualitative or a yes/no type of detection, the LOD is as low as 10-17 mg ml-1 . The approach in this work is based on a dye-embedded, in vivo compatible, polystyrene-sphere cavity, penetrable by biomarkers. A polystyrene sphere serves the dual roles of a laser cavity and an in vivo bio-reactor, in which dye molecules react with a biomarker, reporting biomarker information through lasing signals. The cavity-enhanced emission and lasing with only a single biomarker molecule per cavity allow improved visual distinguishability via color changes. Furthermore, when combined with a narrow-band filter, the color-switchable lasers act as an "on-off" logic signal and can be integrated into multiplexing detection assay biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
| | - Zongpeng Song
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
| | - Haiou Zhu
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Life SciencesWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Health and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen Technology University, ChinaShenzhen518118China
| | - Cun‐Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
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18
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Zhao S, Li G, Peng X, Ma J, Yin Z, Zhao Q. Ultralow-threshold green fluorescent protein laser based on high Q microbubble resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23439-23447. [PMID: 36225023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological lasers have attracted vast attention because of their potential medical application prospects, especially the low threshold biological laser that can be used for ultrasensitive biological detection while leaving the luminous gain medium undamaged by the pump light. By coupling the low concentration green fluorescent protein (GFP) solution with a high Q whispering gallery mode microbubble resonator, we managed to fabricate a miniature GFP laser with the lowest threshold and highest Q value compared to any known type of the GFP laser. The threshold energy is as low as 380 fJ, two orders of magnitude lower than any type of GFP laser at present. The Q value of the optical cavity in this biological laser is 5.3 × 107, two orders higher than the highest Q value of GFP lasers. We further confirmed the long-term stability of the working characteristics of GFP laser. It can work well nearly a month in temperature 3-4°C. Finally, we measured the effects of different concentrations of fluorescent protein on laser threshold. The data show that this biological laser can be used for highly sensitive detection of GFP concentration, which is particularly useful when the GFP is used as tracers.
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19
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Ebrahimifard R, Erfle P, Dietzel A, Garnweitner G. Backscattering-Based Discrimination of Microparticles Using an Optofluidic Multiangle Scattering Chip. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17519-17527. [PMID: 35664585 PMCID: PMC9161266 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we designed and fabricated an optofluidic chip for the detection and differentiation of single particles via the combination of backscattered (BSC) and forward-scattered (FSC) or side-scattered (SSC) light intensity. The high sensitivity of BSC light to the refractive index of the particles enabled an effective approach for the differentiation of individual particles based on the type of material. By recording BSC as well as FSC and SSC light intensities from single particles, transiting through the illumination zone in a microfluidic channel, the size and type of material could be detected simultaneously. The analysis of model samples of polystyrene (PS), as a primary microplastic particle, and silica microspheres showed substantially higher BSC signal values of PS because of a larger refractive index compared to the silica. The scatter plots correlating contributions of BSC (FSC-BSC and SSC-BSC) allowed a clear differentiation of PS and silica particles. To demonstrate the great potential of this methodology, two "real-life" samples containing different types of particles were tested as application examples. Commercial toothpaste and peeling gel products, as primary sources of microplastics into effluents, were analyzed via the optofluidic chip and compared to results from scanning electron microscopy. The scattering analysis of the complex samples enabled the detection and simultaneous differentiation of particles such as microplastics according to their differences in the refractive index via distinctive areas of high and low BSC signal values. Hence, the contribution of BSC light measurements in multiangle scattering of single particles realized in an optofluidic chip opens the way for the discrimination of single particles in a liquid medium in manifold fields of application ranging from environmental monitoring to cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ebrahimifard
- Institute
for Particle Technology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory
for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peer Erfle
- Institute
of Microtechnology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute
of Microtechnology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory
for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute
for Particle Technology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory
for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Wang L, Huang Z, Yang X, Rogée L, Huang X, Zhang X, Lau SP. Review on optofluidic microreactors for photocatalysis. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Four interrelated issues have been arising with the development of modern industry, namely environmental pollution, the energy crisis, the greenhouse effect and the global food crisis. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods to solve them in the future. To promote high photocatalytic reaction efficiency and utilize solar energy to its fullest, a well-designed photoreactor is vital. Photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors, a promising technology that brings the merits of microfluidics to photocatalysis, offer the advantages of a large surface-to-volume ratio, a short molecular diffusion length and high reaction efficiency, providing a potential method for mitigating the aforementioned crises in the future. Although various photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors have been reported, a comprehensive review of microreactors applied to these four fields is still lacking. In this paper, we review the typical design and development of photocatalytic microreactors in the fields of water purification, water splitting, CO2 fixation and coenzyme regeneration in the past few years. As the most promising tool for solar energy utilization, we believe that the increasing innovation of photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors will drive rapid development of related fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Lukas Rogée
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
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21
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Prasetyanto EA, Wasisto HS, Septiadi D. Cellular lasers for cell imaging and biosensing. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:39-51. [PMID: 35314365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to produce laser action involving biomaterials, in particular (single) biological cells, has fostered the development of cellular lasers as a novel approach in biophotonics. In this respect, cells that are engineered to carry gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes or proteins) are placed inside an optical cavity (i.e., typically a sandwich of highly reflective mirrors), allowing the generation of stimulated emission upon sufficient optical pumping. In another scenario, micron-sized optical resonators supporting whispering-gallery mode (WGM) or semiconductor-based laser probes can be internalized by the cells and support light amplification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fields of biolasers and cellular lasers, and most importantly, highlights their potential applications in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging and analysis. They include biosensing (e.g., in vitro detection of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration), cancer cell imaging, laser-emission-based microscope, cell tracking, cell distinction study, and tissue contraction monitoring in zebrafish. Lastly, several fundamental issues in developing cellular lasers including laser probe fabrication, biocompatibility of the system, and alteration of local refractive index of optical cavities due to protein absorption or probe aggregation are described. Cellular lasers are foreseen as a promising tool to study numerous biological and biophysical phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biolasers are generation of laser involving biological materials. Biomaterials, including single cells, can be engineered to incorporate laser probes or fluorescent proteins or fluorophores, and the resulting light emission can be coupled to optical resonator, allowing generation of cellular laser emission upon optical pumping. Unlike fluorescence, this stimulated emission is very sensitive and is capable of detecting small alterations in the optical property of the cells and their environment. In this review, recent development and applications of cellular lasers in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging, cell tracking, biosensing, and cell/tissue analysis are highlighted. Several challenges in developing cellular lasers including probe fabrication and biocompatibility as well as alteration of cellular environment are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | | | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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22
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Kavčič A, Garvas M, Marinčič M, Unger K, Coclite AM, Majaron B, Humar M. Deep tissue localization and sensing using optical microcavity probes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1269. [PMID: 35277496 PMCID: PMC8917156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOptical microcavities and microlasers were recently introduced as probes inside living cells and tissues. Their main advantages are spectrally narrow emission lines and high sensitivity to the environment. Despite numerous novel methods for optical imaging in strongly scattering biological tissues, imaging at single-cell resolution beyond the ballistic light transport regime remains very challenging. Here, we show that optical microcavity probes embedded inside cells enable three-dimensional localization and tracking of individual cells over extended time periods, as well as sensing of their environment, at depths well beyond the light transport length. This is achieved by utilizing unique spectral features of the whispering-gallery modes, which are unaffected by tissue scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence. In addition, microcavities can be functionalized for simultaneous sensing of various parameters, such as temperature or pH value, which extends their versatility beyond the capabilities of standard fluorescent labels.
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23
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Dong H, Zhang C, Zhou W, Yao J, Zhao YS. Differential Polymer Chain Scission Enables Free-Standing Microcavity Laser Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107611. [PMID: 34967981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Control over material architectures is essential to the performance of photonic devices and systems. Optical isolation of the photonic materials from substrates can significantly enhance their performance but suffers from complicated fabrication processes and limited applications. Here a differential polymer chain scission strategy is proposed to fabricate free-standing photonic structures based on one-step electron-beam direct writing on polymer bilayers (EOB). The polymer molecular mass-dependent sensitivity to electron beam enables differential patterning of the two layers of polymers, leading to the direct formation of suspended optical microcavities. The EOB technique features high materials compatibility and design flexibility for the optical microcavities, which significantly expands the application scope of the suspended optical microcavities. As well as providing a versatile strategy for building high-performance photonic materials, the results provide a promising platform for innovative applications of optical microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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24
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Zhang X, Xiao L, Fei Y, Wu X. Tunable optofluidic microbubble lens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8317-8329. [PMID: 35299575 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic microlenses are one of the crucial components in many miniature lab-on-chip systems. However, many optofluidic microlenses are fabricated through complex micromachining and tuned by high-precision actuators. We propose a kind of tunable optofluidic microbubble lens that is made by the fuse-and-blow method with a fiber fusion splicer. The optical focusing properties of the microlens can be tuned by changing the refractive index of the liquid inside. The focal spot size is 2.8 µm and the focal length is 13.7 µm, which are better than those of other tunable optofluidic microlenses. The imaging capability of the optofluidic microbubble lens is demonstrated under a resolution test target and the imaging resolution can reach 1 µm. The results indicate that the optofluidic microbubble lens possesses good focusing properties and imaging capability for many applications, such as cell counting, optical trapping, spatial light coupling, beam shaping and imaging.
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25
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Xu Z, Hong Q, Ge K, Shi X, Wang X, Deng J, Zhou Z, Zhai T. Random Lasing from Label-Free Living Cells for Rapid Cytometry of Apoptosis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:172-178. [PMID: 34978455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A random laser carrying the scattering information on a biological host is a promising tool for the characterization of biophysical properties. In this work, random lasing from label-free living cells is proposed to achieve rapid cytometry of apoptosis. Random lasing is achieved by adding biocompatible gain medium to a confocal dish containing cells under optically pumped conditions. The random lasing characteristics are distinct at different stages of cell apoptosis after drug treatment. By analyzing the power Fourier transform results of the random lasing spectra, the percentage of apoptotic cells could be distinguished within two seconds, which is more than an order of magnitude faster than traditional flow cytometry. These results provide a label-free approach for rapid cytometry of apoptosis, which is advantageous for further research of random lasers in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qihao Hong
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Ge
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jinxiang Deng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - ZhiXiang Zhou
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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26
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Polarization Angle Dependence of Optical Gain in a Hybrid Structure of Alexa-Flour 488/M13 Bacteriophage. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123309. [PMID: 34947657 PMCID: PMC8707841 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We measured optical modal gain of a dye–virus hybrid structure using a variable stripe length method, where Alexa-fluor-488 dye was coated on a virus assembly of M13 bacteriophage. Inspired by the structural periodicity of the wrinkle-like virus assembly, the edge emission of amplified spontaneous emission was measured for increasing excited optical stripe length, which was aligned to be either parallel or perpendicular to the wrinkle alignment. We found that the edge emission showed a strong optical anisotropy, and a spectral etalon also appeared in the gain spectrum. These results can be attributed to the corrugated structure, which causes a similar effect to a DFB laser, and we also estimated effective cavity lengths.
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27
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Gong C, Qiao Z, Zhu S, Wang W, Chen YC. Self-Assembled Biophotonic Lasing Network Driven by Amyloid Fibrils in Microcavities. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15007-15016. [PMID: 34533023 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled biological structures have played a significant role in many living systems for its functionality and distinctiveness. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the random dynamic behavior of strong light-matter interactions in complex biological structures can provide hidden information on optical coupling in a network. The concept of biophotonic lasing network is therefore introduced, where a self-assembled human amyloid fibril network was confined in a Fabry-Perot optical cavity. Distinctive lasing patterns were discovered from self-assembled amyloids with different structural dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) confined in a microcavity. Network laser emission exhibiting evidence of light coupling at different wavelengths and locations was spectrally resolved. Dynamic changes of lasing patterns can therefore be interpreted into a graph to reveal the optical correlation in biophotonic networks. Our findings indicate that each graph represents the highly unclonable features of a self-assembled network which can sensitively respond to environmental stimulus. This study offers the potential for studying dynamic biological networks through amplified interactions, shedding light on the development of biologically controlled photonic devices, biosensing, and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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Chen W, Lu X, Fan F, Du J. Optical-Gain-based Sensing Using Inorganic-Ligand-Passivated Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7732-7739. [PMID: 34515491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their extremely large surface-to-volume ratio, colloidal quantum dots are potential high-performance sensing materials. However, previous sensing works using their spontaneous emission suffer from low sensitivities. The absence of an amplification process and the presence of the steric hindrance of long-chain organic ligands are two possible causations. Herein we propose that these two issues can be circumvented by using the amplified spontaneous emission of colloidal quantum dots capped by short-chain inorganic ligands. To exemplify this concept, we performed humidity sensing and observed a ∼31 times enhancement in sensitivity. Meanwhile, we found that the amplified spontaneous emission threshold power was reduced by 34% in a high humidity environment. On the basis of our transient absorption measurements, we attribute these observations to the mitigation of ultrafast subpicosecond trapping processes, which are enabled by the absorption of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fengjia Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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29
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Yuan Z, Cheng X, Li T, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Gong X, Chang GE, Birowosuto MD, Dang C, Chen YC. Light-Harvesting in Biophotonic Optofluidic Microcavities via Whispering-Gallery Modes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36909-36918. [PMID: 34310119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are a class of light-harvesting fluorescent proteins existing in cyanobacteria and microalgae, which harvest light and convert it into electricity. Owing to recent demands on environmental-friendly and renewable apparatuses, phycobiliproteins have attracted substantial interest in bioenergy and sustainable devices. However, converting energy from biological materials remains challenging to date. Herein, we report a novel scheme to enhance biological light-harvesting through light-matter interactions at the biointerface of whispering-gallery modes (WGMs), where phycobiliproteins were employed as the active gain material. By exploiting microdroplets as a carrier for light-harvesting biomaterials, strong local electric field enhancement and photon confinement at the cavity interface resulted in significantly enhanced bio-photoelectricity. A threshold-like behavior was discovered in photocurrent enhancement and the WGM modulated fluorescence. Systematic studies of biologically produced photoelectricity and optical mode resonance were carried out to illustrate the impact of the cavity quality factor, structural geometry, and refractive indices. Finally, a biomimetic system was investigated by exploiting cascade energy transfer in phycobiliprotein assembly composed of three light-harvesting proteins. The key findings not only highlight the critical role of optical cavity in light-harvesting but also offer deep insights into light energy coupling in biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tsungyu Li
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunke Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad D Birowosuto
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Cuong Dang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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30
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Sato R, Henzie J, Zhang B, Ishii S, Murai S, Takazawa K, Takeda Y. Random Lasing via Plasmon-Induced Cavitation of Microbubbles. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6064-6070. [PMID: 34240608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous laboratories have observed random lasing from optically pumped solutions of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) suspended with organic dye molecules. The underlying mechanism is typically attributed to the formation of closed-loop optical cavities enabled by the large local field and scattering enhancements in the vicinity of plasmonic NPs. In this manuscript, we propose an alternative mechanism that does not directly require the plasmon resonance. We used high-speed confocal microspectroscopy to observe the photophysical dynamics of NPs in solution. Laser pulses induce the formation of microbubbles that surround and encapsulate the NPs, then sharp peaks <1.0 nm are observed that match the spectral signature of random lasing. Electromagnetic simulations indicate that ensembles of microbubbles may form optical corral containing standing wave patterns that are sufficient to sustain coherent optical feedback in a gain medium. Collectively, these results show that ensembles of plasmonic-induced bubbles can generate optical feedback and random lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Sato
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Joel Henzie
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Murai
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Takazawa
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Takeda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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31
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Wang C, Gong C, Zhang Y, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Gong Y, Chang GE, Tu WC, Chen YC. Programmable Rainbow-Colored Optofluidic Fiber Laser Encoded with Topologically Structured Chiral Droplets. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11126-11136. [PMID: 34137585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic lasers are emerging building blocks with immense potential in the development of miniaturized light sources, integrated photonics, and sensors. The capability of on-demand lasing output with programmable and continuous wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range enables key functionalities in wavelength-division multiplexing and manipulation of light-matter interactions. However, the ability to control multicolor lasing characteristics within a small mode volume with high reconfigurability remains challenging. The color gamut is also restricted by the number of dyes and emission wavelength of existing materials. In this study, we introduce a fully programmable multicolor laser by encapsulating organic-dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplet lasers in an optofluidic fiber. A mechanism for tuning laser emission wavelengths was proposed by manipulating the topologically induced nanoshell structures in microdroplets with different chiral dopant concentrations. Precision control of distinctive lasing wavelengths and colors covering the entire visible spectra was achieved, including monochromatic lasing, dual-color lasing, tri-color lasing, and white colored lasing with tunable color temperatures. Our findings revealed a CIE color map with 145% more perceptible colors than the standard RGB space, shedding light on the development of programmable lasers, multiplexed encoding, and biomedical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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32
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Detection of COVID-19 Virus on Surfaces Using Photonics: Challenges and Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 34205401 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061119.(] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The propagation of viruses has become a global threat as proven through the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, the quick detection of viral diseases and infections could be necessary. This study aims to develop a framework for virus diagnoses based on integrating photonics technology with artificial intelligence to enhance healthcare in public areas, marketplaces, hospitals, and airfields due to the distinct spectral signatures from lasers' effectiveness in the classification and monitoring of viruses. However, providing insights into the technical aspect also helps researchers identify the possibilities and difficulties in this field. The contents of this study were collected from six authoritative databases: Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. This review includes an analysis and summary of laser techniques to diagnose COVID-19 such as fluorescence methods, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance, and integration of Raman scattering with SPR techniques. Finally, we select the best strategies that could potentially be the most effective methods of reducing epidemic spreading and improving healthcare in the environment.
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33
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Taha BA, Al Mashhadany Y, Bachok NN, Ashrif A Bakar A, Hafiz Mokhtar MH, Dzulkefly Bin Zan MS, Arsad N. Detection of COVID-19 Virus on Surfaces Using Photonics: Challenges and Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061119. [PMID: 34205401 PMCID: PMC8234865 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The propagation of viruses has become a global threat as proven through the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, the quick detection of viral diseases and infections could be necessary. This study aims to develop a framework for virus diagnoses based on integrating photonics technology with artificial intelligence to enhance healthcare in public areas, marketplaces, hospitals, and airfields due to the distinct spectral signatures from lasers’ effectiveness in the classification and monitoring of viruses. However, providing insights into the technical aspect also helps researchers identify the possibilities and difficulties in this field. The contents of this study were collected from six authoritative databases: Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. This review includes an analysis and summary of laser techniques to diagnose COVID-19 such as fluorescence methods, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance, and integration of Raman scattering with SPR techniques. Finally, we select the best strategies that could potentially be the most effective methods of reducing epidemic spreading and improving healthcare in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakr Ahmed Taha
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.N.B.); (A.A.A.B.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Yousif Al Mashhadany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar 00964, Iraq;
| | - Nur Nadia Bachok
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.N.B.); (A.A.A.B.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.N.B.); (A.A.A.B.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.N.B.); (A.A.A.B.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Bin Zan
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.N.B.); (A.A.A.B.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Norhana Arsad
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.N.B.); (A.A.A.B.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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34
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Pan T, Lu D, Xin H, Li B. Biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:124. [PMID: 34108445 PMCID: PMC8190087 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of biophotonics and biomedical sciences makes a high demand on photonic structures to be interfaced with biological systems that are capable of manipulating light at small scales for sensitive detection of biological signals and precise imaging of cellular structures. However, conventional photonic structures based on artificial materials (either inorganic or toxic organic) inevitably show incompatibility and invasiveness when interfacing with biological systems. The design of biophotonic probes from the abundant natural materials, particularly biological entities such as virus, cells and tissues, with the capability of multifunctional light manipulation at target sites greatly increases the biocompatibility and minimizes the invasiveness to biological microenvironment. In this review, advances in biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging are reviewed. We emphatically and systematically describe biological entities-based photonic probes that offer appropriate optical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability with different optical functions from light generation, to light transportation and light modulation. Three representative biophotonic probes, i.e., biological lasers, cell-based biophotonic waveguides and bio-microlenses, are reviewed with applications for bio-detection and imaging. Finally, perspectives on future opportunities and potential improvements of biophotonic probes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Dengyun Lu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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35
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Gong C, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Huang S, Wang W, Wu PC, Chen Y. Topological Encoded Vector Beams for Monitoring Amyloid-Lipid Interactions in Microcavity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100096. [PMID: 34194941 PMCID: PMC8224421 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are the pillars of modern photonics and sensing. Recent advances in microlasers have demonstrated its extraordinary lasing characteristics suitable for biosensing. However, most lasers utilized lasing spectrum as a detection signal, which can hardly detect or characterize nanoscale structural changes in microcavity. Here the concept of amplified structured light-molecule interactions is introduced to monitor tiny bio-structural changes in a microcavity. Biomimetic liquid crystal droplets with self-assembled lipid monolayers are sandwiched in a Fabry-Pérot cavity, where subtle protein-lipid membrane interactions trigger the topological transformation of output vector beams. By exploiting Amyloid β (Aβ)-lipid membrane interactions as a proof-of-concept, it is demonstrated that vector laser beams can be viewed as a topology of complex laser modes and polarization states. The concept of topological-encoded laser barcodes is therefore developed to reveal dynamic changes of laser modes and Aβ-lipid interactions with different Aβ assembly structures. The findings demonstrate that the topology of vector beams represents significant features of intracavity nano-structural dynamics resulted from structured light-molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Shih‐Hsiu Huang
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
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36
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Yuan Z, Zhou Y, Qiao Z, Eng Aik C, Tu WC, Wu X, Chen YC. Stimulated Chiral Light-Matter Interactions in Biological Microlasers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8965-8975. [PMID: 33988971 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chiral light-matter interactions have emerged as a promising area in biophysics and quantum optics. Great progress in enhancing chiral light-matter interactions have been investigated through passive resonators or spontaneous emission. Nevertheless, the interaction between chiral biomolecules and stimulated emission remains unexplored. Here we introduce the concept of a biological chiral laser by amplifying chiral light-matter interactions in an active resonator through stimulated emission process. Green fluorescent proteins or chiral biomolecules encapsulated in Fabry-Perot microcavity served as the gain material while excited by either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized pump laser. Owing to the nonlinear pump energy dependence of stimulated emission, significant enhancement of chiral light-matter interactions was demonstrated. Detailed experiments and theory revealed that a lasing dissymmetry factor is determined by molecular absorption dissymmetry factor at its excitation wavelength. Finally, chirality transfer was investigated under a stimulated emission process through resonance energy transfer. Our findings elucidate the mechanism of stimulated chiral light-matter interactions, providing better understanding of light-matter interaction in biophysics, chiral sensing, and quantum biophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yunke Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Chan Eng Aik
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI and SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Wei-Chen Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459 Singapore
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37
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Yang X, Gong C, Wang Y, Luo Y, Rao YJ, Peng GD, Gong Y. A sequentially bioconjugated optofluidic laser for wash-out-free and rapid biomolecular detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1686-1693. [PMID: 33949394 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microstructures can improve both sensitivity and assay time in heterogeneous assays (such as ELISA) for biochemical analysis; however, it remains a challenge to perform the essential wash process in those microstructure-based heterogeneous assays. Here, we propose a sequential bioconjugation protocol to solve this problem and demonstrate a new type of fiber optofluidic laser for biosensing. Except for acting as an optical microresonator and a microstructured substrate, the miniaturized hollow optical fiber (HOF) is used as a microfluidic channel for storing and transferring reagents thanks to its capability in length extension. Through the capillary action, different reagents were sequentially withdrawn into the fiber for specific binding and washing purposes. By using the sequentially bioconjugated FOFL, avidin molecules are detected based on competitive binding with a limit of detection of 9.5 pM, ranging from 10 pM to 100 nM. It is demonstrated that a short incubation time of 10 min is good enough to allow the biomolecules to conjugate on the inner surface of the HOF. Owing to its miniaturized size, only 589 nL of liquid is required for incubation, which reduces the sample consumption and cost for each test. This work provides a tool to exploit the potential of microstructured optical fibers in high-performance biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
| | - Yanhua Luo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China. and Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Gang-Ding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
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38
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Fan Y, Liu Z, Hu F, Zhao YS. Smart Protein-Based Biolasers: An Alternative Way to Protein Conformation Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19187-19192. [PMID: 33871261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detecting conformational changes in protein is imperative due to its major role in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we propose an alternative strategy for monitoring the structural change of proteins based on biological microlasers. Smart responsive protein-based microscale biolasers were constructed by incorporating organic gain medium into the microspheres of silk fibroin via emulsion-solvent evaporation. The lasing characteristic of the biolasers exhibited a sensitive response to the structural transformation of the silk fibroin. With narrowed linewidth, the as-prepared biolasers as sensing signals enable highly sensitive protein conformation detection. These results offer an effective approach to monitoring the protein conformational changes and provide valuable guidance for a better understanding of the relationship between bio-microstructures and their photonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Nguyen DH, Sun JY, Lo CY, Liu JM, Tsai WS, Li MH, Yang SJ, Lin CC, Tzeng SD, Ma YR, Lin MY, Lai CC. Ultralow-Threshold Continuous-Wave Room-Temperature Crystal-Fiber/Nanoperovskite Hybrid Lasers for All-Optical Photonic Integration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006819. [PMID: 33576143 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-wave (CW) room-temperature (RT) laser operation with low energy consumption is an ultimate goal for electrically driven lasers. A monolithically integrated perovskite laser in a chip-level fiber scheme is ideal. However, because of the well-recognized air and thermal instabilities of perovskites, laser action in a perovskite has mostly been limited to either pulsed or cryogenic-temperature operations. Most CW laser operations at RT have had poor durability. Here, crystal fibers that have robust and high-heat-load nature are shown to be the key to enabling the first demonstration of ultralow-threshold CW RT laser action in a compact, monolithic, and inexpensive crystal fiber/nanoperovskite hybrid architecture that is directly pumped with a 405 nm diode laser. Purcell-enhanced light-matter coupling between the atomically smooth fiber microcavity and the perovskite nanocrystallites gain medium enables a high Q (≈1500) and a high β (0.31). This 762 nm laser outperforms previously reported structures with a record-low threshold of 132 nW and an optical-to-optical slope conversion efficiency of 2.93%, and it delivers a stable output for CW and RT operation. These results represent a significant advancement toward monolithic all-optical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Huy Nguyen
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yuan Sun
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Lo
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wan-Shao Tsai
- Department of Electric Engineering and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hung Li
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jhang Yang
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Lin
- Department of Opto-Electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Der Tzeng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ron Ma
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100229, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Lai
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
- Department of Opto-Electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
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40
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Yuan Z, Tan X, Gong X, Gong C, Cheng X, Feng S, Fan X, Chen YC. Bioresponsive microlasers with tunable lasing wavelength. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1608-1615. [PMID: 33439198 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lasing particles are emerging tools for amplifying light-matter interactions at the biointerface by exploiting its strong intensity and miniaturized size. Recent advances in implementing laser particles into living cells and tissues have opened a new frontier in biological imaging, monitoring, and tracking. Despite remarkable progress in micro- and nanolasers, lasing particles with surface functionality remain challenging due to the low mode-volume while maintaining a high Q-factor. Herein, we report the novel concept of bioresponsive microlasers by exploiting interfacial energy transfer based on whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microdroplet cavities. Lasing wavelengths were manipulated by energy transfer-induced changes of a gain spectrum resulting from the binding molecular concentrations at the cavity surface. Both protein-based and enzymatic-based interactions were demonstrated, shedding light on the development of functional microlasers. Finally, tunable lasing wavelengths over a broad spectral range were achieved by selecting different donor/acceptor pairs. This study not only opens new avenues for biodetection, but also provides deep insights into how molecules modulate laser light at the biointerface, laying the foundation for the development of smart bio-photonic devices at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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41
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Tang SJ, Dannenberg PH, Liapis AC, Martino N, Zhuo Y, Xiao YF, Yun SH. Laser particles with omnidirectional emission for cell tracking. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:23. [PMID: 33495436 PMCID: PMC7835369 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to track individual cells in space over time is crucial to analyzing heterogeneous cell populations. Recently, microlaser particles have emerged as unique optical probes for massively multiplexed single-cell tagging. However, the microlaser far-field emission is inherently direction-dependent, which causes strong intensity fluctuations when the orientation of the particle varies randomly inside cells. Here, we demonstrate a general solution based on the incorporation of nanoscale light scatterers into microlasers. Two schemes are developed by introducing either boundary defects or a scattering layer into microdisk lasers. The resulting laser output is omnidirectional, with the minimum-to-maximum ratio of the angle-dependent intensity improving from 0.007 (-24 dB) to > 0.23 (-6 dB). After transfer into live cells in vitro, the omnidirectional laser particles within moving cells could be tracked continuously with high signal-to-noise ratios for 2 h, while conventional microlasers exhibited frequent signal loss causing tracking failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Jing Tang
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Paul H Dannenberg
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andreas C Liapis
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Martino
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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42
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Miccio L, Memmolo P, Merola F, Mugnano M, Ferraro P. Optobiology: live cells in optics and photonics. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abac19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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43
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Hoang VT, Dobrakowski D, Stępniewski G, Kasztelanic R, Pysz D, Dinh KX, Klimczak M, Śmietana M, Buczyński R. Antiresonant fibers with single- and double-ring capillaries for optofluidic applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32483-32498. [PMID: 33114933 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work we discuss the effect of infiltration of different antiresonant fibers with low-refractive-index liquids, such as water and ethanol, on their optical properties. The fibers with single- and double-ring capillaries have been designed to show broad transmission bands in visible and near infrared range as it is required for optofluidics, in particular spectrophotometric applications. We show experimentally that their transmission windows shift toward shorter wavelengths and only modestly reduce their width. The transmission bands are located in the wavelength ranges of 533-670 nm and 707-925 nm, for the fibers when infiltrated with water. The two types of analyzed antiresonant fibers infiltrated with the liquids show similar light guidance properties when they are straight, but significantly lower bending loss can be achieved for the double-ring than for the single-ring antiresonant fiber. For this reason, the double-ring antiresonant fibers are more suitable as a compact solution for optofluidic applications, although transmission windows are reduced due to broader resonance peaks.
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Hinamoto T, Hotta S, Sugimoto H, Fujii M. Colloidal Solutions of Silicon Nanospheres toward All-Dielectric Optical Metafluids. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7737-7743. [PMID: 32986436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A colloidal solution of nanophotonic structures exhibiting optical magnetism is dubbed a liquid-phase metamaterial or an optical metafluid. Over the decades, plasmonic nanoclusters have been explored as constituents of a metafluid. However, optical magnetism of plasmonic nanoclusters is usually much weaker than the electric responses; the highest reported intensity ratio of the magnetic-to-electric responses so far is 0.28. Here, we propose an all-dielectric metafluid composed of crystalline silicon nanospheres. First, we address the advantages of silicon as a constituent material of a metafluid among major dielectrics. Next, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time that a silicon nanosphere metafluid exhibits strong electric and magnetic dipolar Mie responses across the visible to near-infrared spectral range. The intensity ratio of the magnetic-to-electric responses reaches unity. Finally, we discuss the perspective to achieve unnaturally high (>3), low, and even near-zero (<1) refractive index in the metafluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Hinamoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Hotta
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (JST-PRESTO), Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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45
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Zhao JT, Qi C, Li G, Schmidt MA. An improved spectrophotometric method tests the Einstein-Smoluchowski equation: a revisit and update. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21784-21792. [PMID: 32966426 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical prediction and experimental measurements of light attenuation in chemically pure and optically transparent solvents have attracted continuous attention, due in part to their curious nature, and in part to the increasing requirements of solvent-related applications. Yet hitherto, a majority of accurate spectrophotometric measurements of transparent solvents upon visible light radiation often end up using long-path-length cells, usually over dozens of cm, rendering the measure costly and complex; meanwhile, the guidance for choosing the Einstein-Smoluchowski equation or its variants as the best formula to predict the light scattering in solvents has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate a simple, versatile and cost-effective spectrophotometric method, enabling a sensitivity of 10-4 dB cm-1 over a 0.5 cm differential path length based on using standard double-beam spectrophotometer. We prove that this method reduces the path length by a factor of 100 while still making its closest approach to the record-low measurement of solvent extinction. We also validate that all the present equations used for predicting the light scattering in the solvent possess similar capacities, suggesting that the criterion for the choice of the appropriate formula simply depends on the equation's practicability. Following the elucidation of the wavelength range where the light scattering dominates the extinction, we further identify differences between scattering coefficients via the theoretical predictions and experimental measures, exposing the need for an improved theory to account for the solvent scattering phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Tim Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Cong Qi
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Guangrui Li
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany and Abbe Center of Photonic and Faculty of Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena 07743, Germany and Otto Schott Institute of Material Research, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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46
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Liu HL, Zuo YF, Zhu XQ, Yang Y. Optofluidic gradient refractive index resonators using liquid diffusion for tunable unidirectional emission. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2656-2662. [PMID: 32578645 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resonators have been used in a wide range of fields, such as biochemical detection and microscale lasers. In recent years, optofluidic resonators have attracted a significant amount of attention owing to their unique liquid environments. Liquids containing biochemical samples can be designed to pass through the ring resonators or to directly form droplets, for sample sensing. Liquid diffusion is an important property in optofluidic applications, such as gradient refractive index lenses and waveguides. However, liquid diffusion has not been used in the study of optofluidic resonators, for both possible sensing characteristics, and unidirectional emission that is mostly acted as light sources. Here, we introduce a gradient refractive index profile formed by liquid diffusion in annular channels into a circular resonator, forming a gradient-index resonator with a tunable unidirectional emission. For both simulations and experiments, the squeezed and non-rotationally symmetrical light intensity profile was first obtained in a circular resonator. The squeezed light profile enables unidirectional emission in circular resonators, which is difficult to achieve in conventional ones. The squeezed light profile and unidirectional emission are determined by the refractive index difference of the liquids used, the dimension of the circular channels, and the working wavelengths. In experiments, different dimensions of bending radii were demonstrated and a tunable squeezed light intensity profile and unidirectional emission were exhibited. Interestingly, the squeezed coefficient of light, which was about 1.8 for a bending radius of 100 μm, enabled emission with a divergence angle as small as 14 degrees, which could be used for laser emission applications in the future. This work reveals the significant potential of the novel liquid gradient refractive index resonator, which provides a practicable approach for optofluidic resonator emission applications and also has potential for use in optofluidic sensing based on the squeezed light profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Liu
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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47
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Zhang Z, Pan J, Tang Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Gong Y, Tong L. Optical micro/nanofibre embedded soft film enables multifunctional flow sensing in microfluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2572-2579. [PMID: 32573608 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have been proven to be a powerful technical platform for chemical synthesis, biomedical research, and optofluidic devices. Here, we report a smart microfluidic chip (SMC) with multiple functionality to sense the status or incidents occurring on chip. The SMC is enabled by a soft, flexible and attachable film embedded with optical micro/nanofibres (MNFs), which is highly compatible with microfluidic chips fabricated by lithography. Based on the transition from guided modes to radiation modes of the MNFs, simultaneous flow rate detection in multiple channels is demonstrated on a SMC with high sensitivity. The MNF-enabled SMC is also capable of monitoring the transportation and morphology of microfluidic droplets with fast response. In addition, real-time counting of the magnetic droplets is performed to verify the SMC's anti-electromagnetic interference ability. This SMC is unique and may play an important role in microreactors, droplet microfluidics and optofluidic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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48
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Liu X, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li B. In Vivo Optofluidic Switch for Controlling Blood Microflow. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001414. [PMID: 32714772 PMCID: PMC7375249 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Control of blood microflow is crucial for the prevention and therapy of blood disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and their complications. Conventional control strategies generally implant exogenous synthetic materials into blood vessels as labeling markers or actuating sources, which are invasive and incompatible with biological systems. Here, a label-free, noninvasive, and biocompatible device constructed from natural red blood cells (RBCs) for controlling blood microflow in vivo is reported. The RBCs, optically manipulated, arranged, and rotated using scanning optical tweezers, can function as an optofluidic switch for targeted switching, directional enrichment, dynamic redirecting, and rotary actuation of blood microflow inside zebrafish. The regulation precision of the switch is determined to be at the single-cell level, and the response time is measured as ≈200 ms using a streamline tracking method. This in vivo optofluidic switch may provide a biofriendly device for exploring blood microenvironments in a noncontact and noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511‐443China
| | - Qing Gao
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511‐443China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511‐443China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511‐443China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511‐443China
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49
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Zhang H, Palit P, Liu Y, Vaziri S, Sun Y. Reconfigurable Integrated Optofluidic Droplet Laser Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26936-26942. [PMID: 32437123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic lasers are an emerging technology for the development of miniaturized light sources and biological and chemical sensors. However, most optofluidic lasers demonstrated to date are operated at the single optical cavity level, which limits their applications in high-throughput biochemical sensing, high-speed wavelength switching, and on-chip spectroscopic analysis. Here, we demonstrated an optofluidic droplet laser array on a silicon chip with integrated microfluidics, in which four individual droplet optical cavities are generated and controlled by a 2 × 2 nozzle array. Arrays of droplets with a diameter ranging from 115 to 475 μm can be generated, removed, and regenerated on demand. The lasing threshold of the droplet laser array is in the range of 0.63-2.02 μJ/mm2. An image-based lasing threshold analysis method is developed, which enables simultaneous lasing threshold measurement for all laser units within the laser array using a low-cost camera. Compared to the conventional spectrum-based threshold analysis method, the lasing threshold obtained from the image-based method showed consistent results. Our droplet laser array is a promising technology in the development of cost-effective and integrated coherent light source on a chip for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Prithviraj Palit
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Seyedmohsen Vaziri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yuze Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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50
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Azzam SI, Kildishev AV, Ma RM, Ning CZ, Oulton R, Shalaev VM, Stockman MI, Xu JL, Zhang X. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:90. [PMID: 32509297 PMCID: PMC7248101 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa I. Azzam
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kildishev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Rupert Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Mark I. Stockman
- Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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