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McIntosh R, Lobo J, Szeto A, Hidalgo M, Kolber M. Medial prefrontal cortex connectivity with the nucleus accumbens is related to HIV serostatus, perceptions of psychological stress, and monocyte expression of TNF-a. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 41:100844. [PMID: 39328275 PMCID: PMC11424805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-menopausal persons living with HIV (PWH) report elevated levels of psychological stress and monocyte activation compared to persons living without HIV (PWOH). Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of mesolimbic brain regions underpinning stress and emotion regulation are susceptible to inflammatory insult. Although psychological stress is elevated, rsFC reduced, and CD16+ monocytes overexpressed in the brains of PWH, it is unclear whether the relationships amongst these variables differ compared to PWOH. An ethnically diverse sample of postmenopausal women, 24 PWH and 30 PWOH provided self-report mood surveys and provided peripheral blood specimens to quantify LPS-stimulated CD16+/- expression of TNF-α via flow cytometric analysis. An anatomical and resting state functional MRI scan were used to derive time-series metrics of connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as well as the amygdala. A positive association was observed between levels of perceived stress and CD16+/- TNF-α in both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated cells. PLWH showed lower connectivity between mPFC and NAcc. In turn, lower rsFC between these regions predicted greater psychological stress and proportion of CD16-, but not CD16+, cells expression of TNF-α. Neuroimmune effects of monocyte inflammation on the functional connectivity of mesolimbic regions critical for discrimination of uncertainty-safety and reward signals were observed in an ethnically diverse sample of postmenopausal women living with and without HIV. PWH showed lower mPFC-NAcc functional connectivity, which in turn was associated with greater perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger McIntosh
- University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Judith Lobo
- University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, United States
| | - Angela Szeto
- University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences Department of Psychology, United States
| | | | - Michael Kolber
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, United States
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2
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Varkevisser T, Geuze E, van Honk J. Amygdala fMRI-A Critical Appraisal of the Extant Literature. Neurosci Insights 2024; 19:26331055241270591. [PMID: 39148643 PMCID: PMC11325331 DOI: 10.1177/26331055241270591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Even before the advent of fMRI, the amygdala occupied a central space in the affective neurosciences. Yet this amygdala-centred view on emotion processing gained even wider acceptance after the inception of fMRI in the early 1990s, a landmark that triggered a goldrush of fMRI studies targeting the amygdala in vivo. Initially, this amygdala fMRI research was mostly confined to task-activation studies measuring the magnitude of the amygdala's response to emotional stimuli. Later, interest began to shift more towards the study of the amygdala's resting-state functional connectivity and task-based psychophysiological interactions. Later still, the test-retest reliability of amygdala fMRI came under closer scrutiny, while at the same time, amygdala-based real-time fMRI neurofeedback gained widespread popularity. Each of these major subdomains of amygdala fMRI research has left its marks on the field of affective neuroscience at large. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical assessment of this literature. By integrating the insights garnered by these research branches, we aim to answer the question: What part (if any) can amygdala fMRI still play within the current landscape of affective neuroscience? Our findings show that serious questions can be raised with regard to both the reliability and validity of amygdala fMRI. These conclusions force us to cast doubt on the continued viability of amygdala fMRI as a core pilar of the affective neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Varkevisser
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Center, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Center, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack van Honk
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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3
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Mousavi Z, Samanipour MH, Zarei H, Abharian PH, Ceylan Hİ, Bragazzi NL. Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation and Binaural Beats on Craving and Comorbidities of Sexual Hyperactivity: A Pilot, Exploratory Quasi-Experimental Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1116. [PMID: 38891191 PMCID: PMC11172304 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual hyperactivity, often linked with substantial psychological and social disturbances, remains under-researched, particularly in contexts like Iran where cultural and social norms may influence the reporting and treatment of such conditions. This study explores the therapeutic potential of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) and binaural beats (BB) in addressing this issue. The primary objective was to compare the effectiveness of CR and BB in reducing symptoms of sexual hyperactivity and associated comorbid conditions, with a focus on fluctuations in sexual desire and overall mental health. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments to evaluate the interventions' impacts. Recruitment through social media yielded 45 participants from a larger pool, who were then assigned to either the CR group, the BB group, or a control group. The CR and BB interventions were administered over a period of 10 sessions, each lasting 20 min, 3 times a week. Significant improvements were observed in both intervention groups compared to the control group. The CR group showed a marked reduction in Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST) scores from an initial average of 24.87 to 6.80 at follow-up, indicating a reduction in symptoms of sexual hyperactivity. The BB group also showed improvement, with SAST scores decreasing from 19.93 to 9.57. In terms of mental health comorbidities, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) scores decreased notably in the CR group from a baseline of 8.53 to 3.07 post-intervention, and in the BB group from 10.33 to 5.80. Both interventions showed similar effectiveness in reducing anxiety and stress, with no statistically significant differences between the groups for most of the outcomes studied, affirming their potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mousavi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin 1777613651, Iran;
| | | | - Hamed Zarei
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin 1777613651, Iran;
| | - Payman Hassani Abharian
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Rehabilitation, Institute For Cognitive Science Studies (IRICSS), Tehran 1658344575, Iran;
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Faculty of Kazim Karabekir Education, Atatürk University, 25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
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Jain R, McIntyre RS, Cutler AJ, Earley WR, Nguyen HB, Adams JL, Yatham LN. Efficacy of cariprazine in patients with bipolar depression and higher or lower levels of baseline anxiety: a pooled post hoc analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:82-92. [PMID: 37551609 PMCID: PMC10833186 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Post hoc analyses evaluated cariprazine, a dopamine D 3 -preferring D 3 /D 2 receptor partial agonist, in patients with bipolar I depression and high baseline anxiety. Data were pooled from two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in adults with bipolar I disorder and a major depressive episode (NCT02670538, NCT02670551). Cariprazine 1.5 and 3 mg/d were evaluated in patient subgroups with higher and lower baseline anxiety. In patients with higher baseline anxiety, significant differences for cariprazine 1.5 mg/d versus placebo were observed on change in Montgomery-Åsberg Rating Scale (MADRS) total score, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) total score and subscale scores, and rates of MADRS remission ( P < 0.05 all); nonsignificant numerical improvements were observed for cariprazine 3 mg/d versus placebo. In patients with lower anxiety, differences versus placebo were significant for HAM-A (cariprazine 3 mg/d) and MADRS (cariprazine 1.5 and 3 mg/d) total score changes ( P < 0.05 all). Rates of treatment-emergent mania were low and similar for cariprazine and placebo. Cariprazine 1.5 mg/d had consistent effects on anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with bipolar I depression and higher baseline anxiety; tolerability was favorable. Given few proven treatments for this common comorbidity, these preliminary results are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University School of Medicine – Permian Basin, Midland, Texas, USA
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Cutler
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | | | | | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sun S, Yu H, Yu R, Wang S. Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex underlies processing of emotion ambiguity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:334. [PMID: 37898626 PMCID: PMC10613296 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing facial expressions of emotion draws on a distributed brain network. In particular, judging ambiguous facial emotions involves coordination between multiple brain areas. Here, we applied multimodal functional connectivity analysis to achieve network-level understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual ambiguity in facial expressions. We found directional effective connectivity between the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and ventromedial PFC, supporting both bottom-up affective processes for ambiguity representation/perception and top-down cognitive processes for ambiguity resolution/decision. Direct recordings from the human neurosurgical patients showed that the responses of amygdala and dmPFC neurons were modulated by the level of emotion ambiguity, and amygdala neurons responded earlier than dmPFC neurons, reflecting the bottom-up process for ambiguity processing. We further found parietal-frontal coherence and delta-alpha cross-frequency coupling involved in encoding emotion ambiguity. We replicated the EEG coherence result using independent experiments and further showed modulation of the coherence. EEG source connectivity revealed that the dmPFC top-down regulated the activities in other brain regions. Lastly, we showed altered behavioral responses in neuropsychiatric patients who may have dysfunctions in amygdala-PFC functional connectivity. Together, using multimodal experimental and analytical approaches, we have delineated a neural network that underlies processing of emotion ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sun
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Associations of social jetlag and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A large population-based study. Sleep Med 2023; 104:98-104. [PMID: 36917899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the associations of social jetlag and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms among adolescents. METHODS A total of 37,871 junior high students completed an online survey between May 24th and Jun 5th, 2022. Insomnia symptoms were assessed by three items based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Social jetlag and depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the relationship between social jetlag and depressive symptoms. Joint effects of social jetlag and insomnia symptoms on depressive symptoms were estimated using additive interaction models. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.1%. Depressive symptoms were more common in adolescents with social jetlag ≥2 h (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.39-1.65) and insomnia symptoms (OR: 6.91, 95% CI: 6.41-7.44). There was a J-shaped relationship between social jetlag and depressive symptoms when we took social jetlag as a continuous variable. Moreover, a positive additive interaction of social jetlag ≥2 h and insomnia symptoms on depressive symptoms was found in female adolescents (RERI: 2.30, 95% CI: 0.11-4.49). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that social jetlag ≥2 h and insomnia are related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Their coexistence additively enhances the strength of the association with depressive symptoms. Early screening and intervention for insomnia, as well as methods to reduce social jetlag, should be comprised as part of preventive strategies for depression in adolescents.
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Social avoidance behavior modulates motivational responses to social reward-threat conflict signals: A preliminary fMRI study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:42-65. [PMID: 36127489 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social avoidance behavior (SAB) produces impairment in multiple domains and contributes to the development and maintenance of several psychiatric disorders. Social behaviors such as SAB are influenced by approach-avoidance (AA) motivational responses to affective facial expressions. Notably, affective facial expressions communicate varying degrees of social reward signals (happiness), social threat signals (anger), or social reward-threat conflict signals (co-occurring happiness and anger). SAB is associated with dysregulated modulation of automatic approach-avoidance (AA) motivational responses exclusively to social reward-threat conflict signals. However, no neuroimaging research has characterized SAB-related modulation of automatic and subjective AA motivational responses to social reward-threat conflict signals. We recruited 30 adults reporting clinical, moderate, or minimal SAB based on questionnaire cutoff scores. SAB groups were matched on age range and gender. During fMRI scanning, participants completed implicit and subjective approach-avoidance tasks (AATs), which involved more incidental or more explicit evaluation of facial expressions that parametrically varied in social reward signals (e.g., 50%Happy), social threat signals (e.g., 50%Angry), or social reward-threat conflict signals (e.g., 50%Happy + 50%Angry). In the implicit AAT, SAB was associated with slower automatic avoidance actions and weaker amygdala-pgACC connectivity exclusively as a function of social reward-threat conflict signals. In the subjective AAT, SAB was associated with smaller increases in approach ratings, smaller decreases in avoidance ratings, and weaker dlPFC-pgACC connectivity exclusively in response to social reward-threat conflict signals. Thus, SAB is associated with dysregulated modulation of automatic and subjective AA motivational sensitivity to social reward-threat conflict signals, which may be facilitated by overlapping neural systems.
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Beck A, Ebrahimi C, Rosenthal A, Charlet K, Heinz A. The Dopamine System in Mediating Alcohol Effects in Humans. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36705911 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain-imaging studies show that the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is determined by a complex interaction of different neurotransmitter systems and multiple psychological factors. In this context, the dopaminergic reinforcement system appears to be of fundamental importance. We focus on the excitatory and depressant effects of acute versus chronic alcohol intake and its impact on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, we describe alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission as associated with symptoms of alcohol dependence. We specifically focus on neuroadaptations to chronic alcohol consumption and their effect on central processing of alcohol-associated and reward-related stimuli. Altered reward processing, complex conditioning processes, impaired reinforcement learning, and increased salience attribution to alcohol-associated stimuli enable alcohol cues to drive alcohol seeking and consumption. Finally, we will discuss how the neurobiological and neurochemical mechanisms of alcohol-associated alterations in reward processing and learning can interact with stress, cognition, and emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beck
- Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Sun S, Yu H, Yu R, Wang S. Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex underlies processing of emotion ambiguity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.24.525116. [PMID: 36747862 PMCID: PMC9900805 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.525116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Processing facial expressions of emotion draws on a distributed brain network. In particular, judging ambiguous facial emotions involves coordination between multiple brain areas. Here, we applied multimodal functional connectivity analysis to achieve network-level understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual ambiguity in facial expressions. We found directional effective connectivity between the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and ventromedial PFC, supporting both bottom-up affective processes for ambiguity representation/perception and top-down cognitive processes for ambiguity resolution/decision. Direct recordings from the human neurosurgical patients showed that the responses of amygdala and dmPFC neurons were modulated by the level of emotion ambiguity, and amygdala neurons responded earlier than dmPFC neurons, reflecting the bottom-up process for ambiguity processing. We further found parietal-frontal coherence and delta-alpha cross-frequency coupling involved in encoding emotion ambiguity. We replicated the EEG coherence result using independent experiments and further showed modulation of the coherence. EEG source connectivity revealed that the dmPFC top-down regulated the activities in other brain regions. Lastly, we showed altered behavioral responses in neuropsychiatric patients who may have dysfunctions in amygdala-PFC functional connectivity. Together, using multimodal experimental and analytical approaches, we have delineated a neural network that underlies processing of emotion ambiguity. Significance Statement A large number of different brain regions participate in emotion processing. However, it remains elusive how these brain regions interact and coordinate with each other and collectively encode emotions, especially when the task requires orchestration between different brain areas. In this study, we employed multimodal approaches that well complemented each other to comprehensively study the neural mechanisms of emotion ambiguity. Our results provided a systematic understanding of the amygdala-PFC network underlying emotion ambiguity with fMRI-based connectivity, EEG coordination of cortical regions, synchronization of brain rhythms, directed information flow of the source signals, and latency of single-neuron responses. Our results further shed light on neuropsychiatric patients who have abnormal amygdala-PFC connectivity.
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Newman AH, Xi ZX, Heidbreder C. Current Perspectives on Selective Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists/Partial Agonists as Pharmacotherapeutics for Opioid and Psychostimulant Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 60:157-201. [PMID: 35543868 PMCID: PMC9652482 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over three decades of evidence indicate that dopamine (DA) D3 receptors (D3R) are involved in the control of drug-seeking behavior and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders (SUD). The expectation that a selective D3R antagonist/partial agonist would be efficacious for the treatment of SUD is based on the following key observations. First, D3R are distributed in strategic areas belonging to the mesolimbic DA system such as the ventral striatum, midbrain, and ventral pallidum, which have been associated with behaviors controlled by the presentation of drug-associated cues. Second, repeated exposure to drugs of abuse produces neuroadaptations in the D3R system. Third, the synthesis and characterization of highly potent and selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists have further strengthened the role of the D3R in SUD. Based on extensive preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence, the D3R shows promise as a target for the development of pharmacotherapies for SUD as reflected by their potential to (1) regulate the motivation to self-administer drugs and (2) disrupt the responsiveness to drug-associated stimuli that play a key role in reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior triggered by re-exposure to the drug itself, drug-associated environmental cues, or stress. The availability of PET ligands to assess clinically relevant receptor occupancy by selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists, the definition of reliable dosing, and the prospect of using human laboratory models may further guide the design of clinical proof of concept studies. Pivotal clinical trials for more rapid progression of this target toward regulatory approval are urgently required. Finally, the discovery that highly selective D3R antagonists, such as R-VK4-116 and R-VK4-40, do not adversely affect peripheral biometrics or cardiovascular effects alone or in the presence of oxycodone or cocaine suggests that this class of drugs has great potential in safely treating psychostimulant and/or opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nanni-Zepeda M, Alizadeh S, Chand T, Kasties V, Fan Y, van der Meer J, Herrmann L, Vester JC, Schulz M, Naschold B, Walter M. Trait anxiety is related to Nx4's efficacy on stress-induced changes in amygdala-centered resting state functional connectivity: a placebo-controlled cross-over trial in mildly to moderately stressed healthy volunteers. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:68. [PMID: 36434512 PMCID: PMC9694608 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multicomponent drug Neurexan (Nx4) was shown to reduce the neural stress network activation. We now investigated its effects on stress-induced resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in dependence of trait anxiety (TA), an acknowledged vulnerability factor for stress-induced psychopathologies. METHODS Nx4 was tested in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. Resting state fMRI scans were performed before and after a psychosocial stress task and exploratively analyzed for amygdala centered RSFC. Effects of Nx4 on stress-induced RSFC changes were evaluated and correlated to TA levels. A subgroup analysis based on TA scores was performed. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between TA and Nx4 effect on stress-induced RSFC changes between right amygdala and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). For participants with above average TA, a significant amelioration of the stress-induced RSFC changes was observed. CONCLUSIONS The data add evidence to the hypothesis that Nx4's clinical efficacy is based on a dampened activation of the neural stress network, with a greater neural response in subjects with anxious personality traits. Further studies assessing clinically relevant outcome measures in parallel to fMRI are encouraged to evaluate the real-world benefit of Nx4. Trial registration NCT02602275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanni Nanni-Zepeda
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah Alizadeh
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tara Chand
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kasties
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yan Fan
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johan van der Meer
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luisa Herrmann
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Vester
- idv Data Analysis and Study Planning, Tassilostraße 6, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Myron Schulz
- grid.476093.f0000 0004 0629 2294Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH, Dr.-Reckeweg-Str. 2-4, 76532 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Britta Naschold
- grid.476093.f0000 0004 0629 2294Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH, Dr.-Reckeweg-Str. 2-4, 76532 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Morel C, Montgomery SE, Li L, Durand-de Cuttoli R, Teichman EM, Juarez B, Tzavaras N, Ku SM, Flanigan ME, Cai M, Walsh JJ, Russo SJ, Nestler EJ, Calipari ES, Friedman AK, Han MH. Midbrain projection to the basolateral amygdala encodes anxiety-like but not depression-like behaviors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1532. [PMID: 35318315 PMCID: PMC8940900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are complex diseases, and often co-occur with depression. It is as yet unclear if a common neural circuit controls anxiety-related behaviors in both anxiety-alone and comorbid conditions. Here, utilizing the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm that induces singular or combined anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes in mice, we show that a ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine circuit projecting to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) selectively controls anxiety- but not depression-like behaviors. Using circuit-dissecting ex vivo electrophysiology and in vivo fiber photometry approaches, we establish that expression of anxiety-like, but not depressive-like, phenotypes are negatively correlated with VTA → BLA dopamine neuron activity. Further, our optogenetic studies demonstrate a causal link between such neuronal activity and anxiety-like behaviors. Overall, these data establish a functional role for VTA → BLA dopamine neurons in bi-directionally controlling anxiety-related behaviors not only in anxiety-alone, but also in anxiety-depressive comorbid conditions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Morel
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Sarah E. Montgomery
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Long Li
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Barbara Juarez
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.412623.00000 0000 8535 6057Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.412623.00000 0000 8535 6057Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nikos Tzavaras
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Microscopy Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Stacy M. Ku
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Meghan E. Flanigan
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Min Cai
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Jessica J. Walsh
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Scott J. Russo
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Allyson K. Friedman
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.257167.00000 0001 2183 6649Department of Biological Science, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
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13
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Chohan MO, Kopelman JM, Yueh H, Fazlali Z, Greene N, Harris AZ, Balsam PD, Leonardo ED, Kramer ER, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Ahmari SE. Developmental impact of glutamate transporter overexpression on dopaminergic neuron activity and stereotypic behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1515-1526. [PMID: 35058566 PMCID: PMC9106836 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition that often begins in childhood. Genetic studies in OCD have pointed to SLC1A1, which encodes the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT3, with evidence suggesting that increased expression contributes to risk. In mice, midbrain Slc1a1 expression supports repetitive behavior in response to dopaminergic agonists, aligning with neuroimaging and pharmacologic challenge studies that have implicated the dopaminergic system in OCD. These findings suggest that Slc1a1 may contribute to compulsive behavior through altered dopaminergic transmission; however, this theory has not been mechanistically tested. To examine the developmental impact of Slc1a1 overexpression on compulsive-like behaviors, we, therefore, generated a novel mouse model to perform targeted, reversible overexpression of Slc1a1 in dopaminergic neurons. Mice with life-long overexpression of Slc1a1 showed a significant increase in amphetamine (AMPH)-induced stereotypy and hyperlocomotion. Single-unit recordings demonstrated that Slc1a1 overexpression was associated with increased firing of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, dLight1.1 fiber photometry showed that these behavioral abnormalities were associated with increased dorsal striatum dopamine release. In contrast, no impact of overexpression was observed on anxiety-like behaviors or SKF-38393-induced grooming. Importantly, overexpression solely in adulthood failed to recapitulate these behavioral phenotypes, suggesting that overexpression during development is necessary to generate AMPH-induced phenotypes. However, doxycycline-induced reversal of Slc1a1/EAAT3 overexpression in adulthood normalized both the increased dopaminergic firing and AMPH-induced responses. These data indicate that the pathologic effects of Slc1a1/EAAT3 overexpression on dopaminergic neurotransmission and AMPH-induced stereotyped behavior are developmentally mediated, and support normalization of EAAT3 activity as a potential treatment target for basal ganglia-mediated repetitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad O Chohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jared M Kopelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Yueh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeinab Fazlali
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natasha Greene
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Z Harris
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Balsam
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E David Leonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edgar R Kramer
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Hu S, Packard K, Opendak M. Social Regulation of Negative Valence Systems During Development. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 15:828685. [PMID: 35126064 PMCID: PMC8811468 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.828685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to sense, perceive, and respond appropriately to aversive cues is critical for survival. Conversely, dysfunction in any of these pathway components can lead to heightened avoidance of neutral or rewarding cues, such as social partners. The underlying circuitry mediating both negative valence processing and social behavior is particularly sensitive to early life experience, but mechanisms linking experience to pathology remain elusive. Previous research in humans, rodents, and non-human primates has highlighted the unique neurobiology of the developing infant and the role of the caregiver in mediating the infant’s negative valence circuitry, and the importance of this early social relationship for scaffolding lasting social behavior. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the development of negative valence circuits in the infant and their social regulation by the caregiver following both typical and adversity-rearing. We focus on clinically-relevant research using infant rodents which highlights the amygdala and its interface with the mesolimbic dopamine system through innervation from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a locus of dysfunction following early-life adversity. We then describe how these circuits are recruited to perturb life-long social behavior following adversity and propose additional therapeutic targets in these circuits with an eye toward developing age-appropriate interventions.
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15
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Sahani V, Hurd YL, Bachi K. Neural Underpinnings of Social Stress in Substance Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 54:483-515. [PMID: 34971448 PMCID: PMC9177516 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is a complex brain disorder that is characterized by craving, withdrawal, and relapse, which can be perpetuated by social stress. Stemming from an acute life event, chronic stress, or trauma in a social context, social stress has a major role in the initiation and trajectory of substance use. Preclinical literature shows that early life stress exposure and social isolation facilitate and enhance drug self-administration. Epidemiological evidence links childhood adversity to increased risk for drug use and demonstrates that cumulative stress experiences are predictive of substance use severity in a dose-dependent manner. Stress and drug use induce overlapping brain alterations leading to downregulation or deficits in brain reward circuitry, thereby resulting in greater sensitization to the rewarding properties of drugs. Though stress in the context of addiction has been studied at the neural level, a gap in our understanding of the neural underpinnings of social stress in humans remains. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of in vivo structural and functional neuroimaging studies to evaluate the neural processes associated with social stress in individuals with substance use disorder. Results were considered in relation to participants' history of social stress and with regard to the effects of social stress induced during the neuroimaging paradigm. RESULTS An exhaustive search yielded 21 studies that matched inclusion criteria. Social stress induces broad structural and functional neural effects in individuals with substance use disorder throughout their lifespan and across drug classes. A few patterns emerged across studies: (1) many of the brain regions altered in individuals who were exposed to chronic social stress and during acute stress induction have been implicated in addiction networks (including the prefrontal cortex, insula, hippocampus, and amygdala); (2) individuals with childhood maltreatment and substance use history had decreased gray matter or activation in regions of executive functioning (including the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex), the hippocampal complex, and the supplementary motor area; and (3) during stress-induction paradigms, activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, and amygdala was most commonly observed. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS A distinct overlap is shown between social stress-related circuitry and addiction circuitry, particularly in brain regions implicated in drug-seeking, craving, and relapse. Given the few studies that have thoroughly investigated social stress, the evidence accumulated to date needs to be replicated and extended, particularly using research designs and methods that disentangle the effects of substance use from social stress. Future clinical studies can leverage this information to evaluate the impact of exposure to trauma or adverse life events within substance use research. Expanding knowledge in this emerging field could help clarify neural mechanisms underlying addiction risk and progression to guide causal-experimental inquiry and novel prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyoma Sahani
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keren Bachi
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Murty DVPS, Song S, Morrow K, Kim J, Hu K, Pessoa L. Distributed and Multifaceted Effects of Threat and Safety. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 34:495-516. [PMID: 34942650 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present fMRI study, we examined how anxious apprehension is processed in the human brain. A central goal of the study was to test the prediction that a subset of brain regions would exhibit sustained response profiles during threat periods, including the anterior insula, a region implicated in anxiety disorders. A second important goal was to evaluate the responses in the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, regions that have been suggested to be involved in more transient and sustained threat, respectively. A total of 109 participants performed an experiment in which they encountered "threat" or "safe" trials lasting approximately 16 sec. During the former, they experienced zero to three highly unpleasant electrical stimulations, whereas in the latter, they experienced zero to three benign electrical stimulations (not perceived as unpleasant). The timing of the stimulation during trials was randomized, and as some trials contained no stimulation, stimulation delivery was uncertain. We contrasted responses during threat and safe trials that did not contain electrical stimulation, but only the potential that unpleasant (threat) or benign (safe) stimulation could occur. We employed Bayesian multilevel analysis to contrast responses to threat and safe trials in 85 brain regions implicated in threat processing. Our results revealed that the effect of anxious apprehension is distributed across the brain and that the temporal evolution of the responses is quite varied, including more transient and more sustained profiles, as well as signal increases and decreases with threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kesong Hu
- Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI
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17
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Opendak M, Raineki C, Perry RE, Rincón-Cortés M, Song SC, Zanca RM, Wood E, Packard K, Hu S, Woo J, Martinez K, Vinod KY, Brown RW, Deehan GA, Froemke RC, Serrano PA, Wilson DA, Sullivan RM. Bidirectional control of infant rat social behavior via dopaminergic innervation of the basolateral amygdala. Neuron 2021; 109:4018-4035.e7. [PMID: 34706218 PMCID: PMC8988217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction deficits seen in psychiatric disorders emerge in early-life and are most closely linked to aberrant neural circuit function. Due to technical limitations, we have limited understanding of how typical versus pathological social behavior circuits develop. Using a suite of invasive procedures in awake, behaving infant rats, including optogenetics, microdialysis, and microinfusions, we dissected the circuits controlling the gradual increase in social behavior deficits following two complementary procedures-naturalistic harsh maternal care and repeated shock alone or with an anesthetized mother. Whether the mother was the source of the adversity (naturalistic Scarcity-Adversity) or merely present during the adversity (repeated shock with mom), both conditions elevated basolateral amygdala (BLA) dopamine, which was necessary and sufficient in initiating social behavior pathology. This did not occur when pups experienced adversity alone. These data highlight the unique impact of social adversity as causal in producing mesolimbic dopamine circuit dysfunction and aberrant social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Opendak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Rosemarie E Perry
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Millie Rincón-Cortés
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA
| | - Soomin C Song
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Roseanna M Zanca
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, 10016, USA; The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Emma Wood
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Katherine Packard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Shannon Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Joyce Woo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Krissian Martinez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - K Yaragudri Vinod
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Gerald A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter A Serrano
- Department of Psychology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, 10016, USA; The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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18
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Stebbins HE, Jacobs ME, Hatton KT, Kaila EN, Rhoades MM. Spontaneous eye blink rate mediates the relationship between sleepiness and impulsivity to negative stimuli. Biol Psychol 2021; 165:108191. [PMID: 34530069 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that sleep deprivation results in a negativity bias, especially in the context of impaired response inhibition. In the present study we investigated spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR), a correlate of dopamine function, as a mediator of the relationship between subjective sleepiness and impulsivity toward negative stimuli on a Go/NoGo task. Participants rated their sleepiness on a number of measures including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and subscales of the Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire (CSRQ). The findings revealed that EBR mediated the relationship between sleepiness as measured by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and commission errors on negatively valanced stimuli. These findings suggest that reduced inhibition in responding to negative stimuli can be found as a function of subjective sleepiness and that changes in dopamine function may be one contributing factor explaining this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary E Stebbins
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, USA.
| | - Megan E Jacobs
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, USA
| | | | - Erin N Kaila
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, USA
| | - Mollie M Rhoades
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, USA
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19
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Lovegrove CJ, Bannigan K. What is the lived experience of anxiety for people with Parkinson's? A phenomenological study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249390. [PMID: 33831029 PMCID: PMC8031398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anxiety is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's and there is no specific pharmacological intervention for people with Parkinson's who experience anxiety. Yet there is little specific research documenting how individuals with this condition experience anxiety. It is important to explore the experiences of people with Parkinson's to identify potential issues in developing future non-pharmacological interventions. This study explored the lived experience of anxiety for people with Parkinson's. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six participants were recruited into a descriptive phenomenological study, through the charity Parkinson's UK, using a maximum variation sampling strategy. Face to face interviews were conducted. Data analysis employed thematic analysis. RESULTS Three key themes encapsulated the data: Finding ways to cope to "Try not to let it rule your life", Amplifies symptoms "It's emotionally draining it it's also physically draining" and "Anxiety is a funny thing" experienced in myriad ways. A model of the experience of PWP experience of anxiety is proposed. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety is a complex experience constructed of interlinked parts affecting people with Parkinson's in myriad ways. Researchers and healthcare professionals should take these findings into account when designing future studies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lovegrove
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health & Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Bannigan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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20
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Filbey FM, Beaton D, Prashad S. The contributions of the endocannabinoid system and stress on the neural processing of reward stimuli. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110183. [PMID: 33221340 PMCID: PMC8204292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The brain's endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in reward processes by mediating appetitive learning and encoding the reinforcing properties of substances. Evidence also suggests that endocannabinoids are an important constituent of neuronal substrates involved in emotional responses to stress. Thus, it is critical to understand how the endocannabinoid system and stress may affect reward processes given their importance in substance use disorders. We examined the relationship between factors that regulate endocannabinoid system signaling (i.e., cannabinoid receptor genes and prolonged cannabis exposure) and stress on fMRI BOLD response to reward cues using multivariate statistical analysis. We found that proxies for endocannabinoid system signaling (i.e., endocannabinoid genes and chronic exposure to cannabis) and stress have differential effects on neural response to cannabis cues. Specifically, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant in the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene, early life stress, and current perceived stress modulated reward responsivity in long-term, heavy cannabis users, while a variant in the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene and current perceived stress modulated cue-elicited response in non-using controls. These associations were related to distinct neural responses to cannabis-related cues compared to natural reward cues. Understanding the contributions of endocannabinoid system factors and stress that lead to downstream effects on neural mechanisms underlying sensitivity to rewards, such as cannabis, will contribute towards a better understanding of endocannabinoid-targeted therapies as well as individual risks for cannabis use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - D Beaton
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Prashad
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
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21
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Xu YH, Wang XX, Wang MJ, Liu YY, Xue Z, Chen JX. Influence of progestational stress on BDNF and NMDARs in the hippocampus of male offspring and amelioration by Chaihu Shugan San. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111204. [PMID: 33548869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progestational stress has been proven to be a risk for the neural development of offspring, especially in the hippocampus. However, whether Chaihu Shugan San (CSS) can ameliorate hippocampal neural development via the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) 2A (NR2A) and 2B (NR2B), and the mechanism of such action remains unclear. METHODS Thirty-six female rats were randomly allocated into control, chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and CSS groups according to the random number table, respectively. The male offspring were fed for 21 days after birth then randomly divided into the same three groups (6 rats/group) as the female rats. Female rats, except for the control group, underwent 21-day CIS to established a progestational stress anxiety-like model which was evaluated by body weight, the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and serum dopamine (DA) measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of estrogen receptors (ERα/ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) in female rat ovaries were quantified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The hippocampal tissue in the 21-day offspring was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The concentration of BDNF, NR2A, and NR2B were measured by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of offsprings' hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with the female control group, significant differences in body weight, EPM test and DA concentration were observed in the CIS group, meanwhile, the concentration of ERα (P < 0.05), PR (P < 0.05) and ERβ in the ovaries were decreased. In the offsprings' hippocampus of the CIS group, the chromatin of the nucleus was edge set and with condensed and irregular morphology nucleus, and the cytoplasm was unevenly stained with spaces around the cells, moreover, the expression levels of BDNF, NR2A, and NR2B were also declined (P < 0.05). However, Chaihu Shugan San reversed these changes, especially the BDNF in the DG region (P < 0.05), and NR2A and NR2B in the CA3 and DG region (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CSS could ameliorate the neural development of the hippocampus in offspring damaged by anxiety-like progestational stress in female rats via regulating the expression levels of ERα, ERβ, and PR in female rat ovaries and BDNF, NR2A, and NR2B in the hippocampus of their offspring.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Female
- Gestational Age
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Male
- Neurogenesis/drug effects
- Ovary/drug effects
- Ovary/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Restraint, Physical
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhe Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Wang KS, Delgado MR. The Protective Effects of Perceived Control During Repeated Exposure to Aversive Stimuli. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:625816. [PMID: 33613186 PMCID: PMC7887306 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.625816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to perceive and exercise control is a major contributor to our mental and physical wellbeing. When faced with uncontrollable aversive stimuli, organisms develop heightened anxiety and become unwilling to exert effort to avoid the stimuli. In contrast, when faced with controllable aversive stimuli, organisms demonstrate behavioral vigor via avoidance attempts toward trying to seek and exercise control over the environment. As such, controllability confers protective effects against reduced avoidance motivation trigged by aversive environments. These observations beg the question of whether controllability can be potent enough to reverse passivity following repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive stimuli and how this protective effect is encoded neurally. Human participants performed a Control in Aversive Domain (CAD) task where they were first subjected to a series of repeated uncontrollable aversive stimuli (i.e., aversive tones) across several contexts that were followed by a series of controllable aversive stimuli in a novel context. Faced with persistent uncontrollability, participants significantly reduced their avoidance attempts over time and biased toward giving up. However, the subsequent presence of controllability rescued participants' avoidance behavior. Strikingly, participants who responded more strongly to the protective effects of control also had greater ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC) activation-a region previously observed to be associated with encoding the subjective value of control. Taken together, these findings highlighted the protective effect conferred by perceived control against passivity and offered insights into the potential role of the vmPFC in controllable environments, with implications for understanding the beneficial influence of perceived control on adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainan S. Wang
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Henssler J, Brandt L, Müller M, Liu S, Montag C, Sterzer P, Heinz A. Migration and schizophrenia: meta-analysis and explanatory framework. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:325-335. [PMID: 31161262 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that there are increased rates of schizophrenia and related psychoses in first- and second-generation migrants and refugees. Here, we present a meta-analysis on the incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders among first- and second-generation migrants. We found substantial evidence for an increased relative risk of incidence among first- and second-generation migrants compared to the native population. As heterogeneity of included studies was high, effect estimates should be interpreted with caution and as guiding values rather than exact risk estimates. We interpret our findings in the context of social exclusion and isolation stress, and provide an explanatory framework that links cultural differences in verbal communication and experienced discrimination with the emergence of psychotic experiences and their neurobiological correlates. In this context, we discuss studies observing stress-dependent alterations of dopamine neurotransmission in studies among migrants versus non-migrants as well as in subjects with psychotic disorders. We suggest that social stress effects can impair contextualization of the meaning of verbal messages, which can be accounted for in Bayesian terms by a reduced precision of prior beliefs relative to sensory data, causing increased prediction errors and resulting in a shift towards the literal or "concrete" meaning of words. Compensatory alterations in higher-level beliefs, e.g., in the form of generalized interpretations of ambiguous interactions as hostile behavior, may contribute to psychotic experiences in migrants. We thus suggest that experienced discrimination and social exclusion is at the core of increased rates of psychotic experiences in subjects with a migration background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Henssler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lasse Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Montag
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany.,Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany. .,Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Huneke NTM, Broulidakis MJ, Darekar A, Baldwin DS, Garner M. Brain Functional Connectivity Correlates of Response in the 7.5% CO2 Inhalational Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:268-273. [PMID: 32170303 PMCID: PMC7177158 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 7.5% CO2 inhalational model can be used to explore potential treatments for generalized anxiety disorder. However, it is unknown how inter-individual variability in the functional architecture of negative affective valence systems might relate to anxiogenic response in this model. METHODS A total of 13 healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a passive emotional face perception task. We explored task-evoked functional connectivity in the potential threat system through generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis. Within 7 days, these participants underwent prolonged 7.5% CO2 inhalation, and results from the generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis were correlated with CO2 outcome measures. RESULTS Functional connectivity between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and right amygdala positively correlated with heart rate and subjective anxiety, while connectivity between midcingulate cortex and left amygdala negatively correlated with anxiety during CO2 challenge. CONCLUSIONS Response to CO2 challenge correlated with task-evoked functional connectivity in the potential threat system. Further studies should assess whether this translates into clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T M Huneke
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom,Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom,Correspondence: Nathan T. M. Huneke, MRes, University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4–12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, SO14 3DT, UK ()
| | - M John Broulidakis
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Darekar
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom,Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom,University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Garner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom,AcademicUnit of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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25
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Interaction of emotion and cognitive control along the psychosis continuum: A critical review. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 147:156-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Gilman TL, Owens WA, George CM, Metzel L, Vitela M, Ferreira L, Bowman MA, Gould GG, Toney GM, Daws LC. Age- and Sex-Specific Plasticity in Dopamine Transporter Function Revealed by Food Restriction and Exercise in a Rat Activity-Based Anorexia Paradigm. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:268-277. [PMID: 31481515 PMCID: PMC6795746 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.260794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders such as anorexia typically emerge during adolescence, are characterized by engagement in compulsive and detrimental behaviors, and are often comorbid with neuropsychiatric disorders and drug abuse. No effective treatments exist. Moreover, anorexia lacks adolescent animal models, contributing to a poor understanding of underlying age-specific neurophysiological disruptions. To evaluate the contribution of dopaminergic signaling to the emergence of anorexia-related behaviors during the vulnerable adolescent period, we applied an established adult activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm (food restriction plus unlimited exercise access for 4 to 5 days) to adult and adolescent rats of both sexes. At the end of the paradigm, measures of plasma volume, blood hormone levels, dopamine transporter (DAT) expression and function, acute cocaine-induced locomotion, and brain water weight were taken. Adolescents were dramatically more affected by the ABA paradigm than adults in all measures. In vivo chronoamperometry and cocaine locomotor responses revealed sex-specific changes in adolescent DAT function after ABA that were independent of DAT expression differences. Hematocrit, insulin, ghrelin, and corticosterone levels did not resemble shifts typically observed in patients with anorexia, though decreases in leptin levels aligned with human reports. These findings are the first to suggest that food restriction in conjunction with excessive exercise sex-dependently and age-specifically modulate DAT functional plasticity during adolescence. The adolescent vulnerability to this relatively short manipulation, combined with blood measures, evidence need for an optimized age-appropriate ABA paradigm with greater face and predictive validity for the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of anorexia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adolescent rats exhibit a distinctive, sex-specific plasticity in dopamine transporter function and cocaine response after food restriction and exercise access; this plasticity is both absent in adults and not attributable to changes in dopamine transporter expression levels. These novel findings may help explain sex differences in vulnerability to eating disorders and drug abuse during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lee Gilman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - W Anthony Owens
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Christina M George
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lauren Metzel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Melissa Vitela
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Livia Ferreira
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Melodi A Bowman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Georgianna G Gould
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Glenn M Toney
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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27
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Heinz A, Murray GK, Schlagenhauf F, Sterzer P, Grace AA, Waltz JA. Towards a Unifying Cognitive, Neurophysiological, and Computational Neuroscience Account of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1092-1100. [PMID: 30388260 PMCID: PMC6737474 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences may be understood as altered information processing due to aberrant neural computations. A prominent example of such neural computations is the computation of prediction errors (PEs), which signal the difference between expected and experienced events. Among other areas showing PE coding, hippocampal-prefrontal-striatal neurocircuits play a prominent role in information processing. Dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling, often secondary to psychosocial stress, is thought to interfere with the processing of biologically important events (such as reward prediction errors) and result in the aberrant attribution of salience to irrelevant sensory stimuli and internal representations. Bayesian hierarchical predictive coding offers a promising framework for the identification of dysfunctional neurocomputational processes and the development of a mechanistic understanding of psychotic experience. According to this framework, mismatches between prior beliefs encoded at higher levels of the cortical hierarchy and lower-level (sensory) information can also be thought of as PEs, with important consequences for belief updating. Low levels of precision in the representation of prior beliefs relative to sensory data, as well as dysfunctional interactions between prior beliefs and sensory data in an ever-changing environment, have been suggested as a general mechanism underlying psychotic experiences. Translating the promise of the Bayesian hierarchical predictive coding into patient benefit will come from integrating this framework with existing knowledge of the etiology and pathophysiology of psychosis, especially regarding hippocampal-prefrontal-striatal network function and neural mechanisms of information processing and belief updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James A Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 410-402-6044, fax: 410-402-7198, e-mail:
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28
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Jolly AE, Raymont V, Cole JH, Whittington A, Scott G, De Simoni S, Searle G, Gunn RN, Sharp DJ. Dopamine D2/D3 receptor abnormalities after traumatic brain injury and their relationship to post-traumatic depression. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:101950. [PMID: 31352218 PMCID: PMC6664227 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their relationship to the presence of DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and patterns of axonal injury. Methods Twelve moderate-severe TBI patients and 26 controls were imaged using [11C]PHNO positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TBI patients and a second group of 32 controls also underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neuropsychological assessment. Patients included six with post-injury MDD (TBI-MDD) and six without (TBI-NON). Non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) [11C]PHNO values were used to index D2/D3 receptor availability, and were calculated using a reference region procedure. Differences in BPND were examined using voxelwise and region-of-interest analyses. White matter microstructure integrity, quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA), was assessed and correlated with BPND. Results Lower [11C]PHNO BPND was found in the caudate across all TBI patients when compared to controls. Lower [11C]PHNO BPND was observed in the caudate of TBI-MDD patients and increased [11C]PHNO BPND in the Amygdala of TBI-NON patients compared to controls. There were no significant differences in [11C]PHNO BPND between TBI-MDD and TBI-NON patients. Furthermore, DTI provided evidence of axonal injury following TBI. The uncinate fasciculus and cingulum had abnormally low FA, with the uncinate particularly affected in TBI-MDD patients. Caudate [11C]PHNO BPND correlated with FA within the nigro-caudate tract. Conclusions [11C]PHNO BPND is abnormal following TBI, which indicates post-traumatic changes in D2/D3 receptors. Patterns of [11C]PHNO BPND seen in patients with and without MDD suggest that further research would be beneficial to determine whether the use of dopaminergic treatment might be effective in the treatment of post-traumatic depression. [11C]PHNO PET is used for the first time in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Post-traumatic changes in dopamine D2/D3 receptors were observed. Patients with major depression showed more prominent reductions in [11C]PHNO BPND. Non-depressed TBI patients had greater [11C]PHNO BPND in the Amygdala. These findings suggest a potential role of D2/D3 changes in post-TBI depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Jolly
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Vanessa Raymont
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK; Centre of Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - James H Cole
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Alex Whittington
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Gregory Scott
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Sara De Simoni
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Graham Searle
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - David J Sharp
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
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29
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Trait neuroticism and emotion neurocircuitry: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a failure in emotion regulation. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1085-1099. [PMID: 31156078 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Though theory suggests that individual differences in neuroticism (a tendency to experience negative emotions) would be associated with altered functioning of the amygdala (which has been linked with emotionality and emotion dysregulation in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood), results of functional neuroimaging studies have been contradictory and inconclusive. We aimed to clarify the relationship between neuroticism and three hypothesized neural markers derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging during negative emotion face processing: amygdala activation, amygdala habituation, and amygdala-prefrontal connectivity, each of which plays an important role in the experience and regulation of emotions. We used general linear models to examine the relationship between trait neuroticism and the hypothesized neural markers in a large sample of over 500 young adults. Although neuroticism was not significantly associated with magnitude of amygdala activation or amygdala habituation, it was associated with amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity, which has been implicated in emotion regulation. Results suggest that trait neuroticism may represent a failure in top-down control and regulation of emotional reactions, rather than overactive emotion generation processes, per se. These findings suggest that neuroticism, which has been associated with increased rates of transdiagnostic psychopathology, may represent a failure in the inhibitory neurocircuitry associated with emotion regulation.
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Dopaminergic Mechanisms Underlying Normal Variation in Trait Anxiety. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2735-2744. [PMID: 30737306 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2382-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait anxiety has been associated with altered activity within corticolimbic pathways connecting the amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), which receive rich dopaminergic input. Though the popular culture uses the term "chemical imbalance" to describe the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, we know little about how individual differences in human dopamine neurochemistry are related to variation in anxiety and activity within corticolimbic circuits. We addressed this issue by examining interindividual variability in dopamine release at rest using [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET), functional connectivity between amygdala and rACC using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and trait anxiety measures in healthy adult male and female humans. To measure endogenous dopamine release, we collected two [11C]raclopride PET scans per participant. We contrasted baseline [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding and D2/3 receptor binding following oral methylphenidate administration. Methylphenidate blocks the dopamine transporter, which increases extracellular dopamine and leads to reduced [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding via competitive displacement. We found that individuals with higher dopamine release in the amygdala and rACC self-reported lower trait anxiety. Lower trait anxiety was also associated with reduced rACC-amygdala functional connectivity at baseline. Further, functional connectivity showed a modest negative relationship with dopamine release such that reduced rACC-amygdala functional connectivity was accompanied by higher levels of dopamine release in these regions. Together, these findings contribute to hypodopaminergic models of anxiety and support the utility of combining fMRI and PET measures of neurochemical function to advance our understanding of basic affective processes in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is common wisdom that individuals vary in their baseline levels of anxiety. We all have a friend or colleague we know to be more "tightly wound" than others, or, perhaps, we are the ones marveling at others' ability to "just go with the flow." Although such observations about individual differences within nonclinical populations are commonplace, the neural mechanisms underlying normal variation in trait anxiety have not been established. Using multimodal brain imaging in humans, this study takes initial steps in linking intrinsic measures of neuromodulator release and functional connectivity within regions implicated in anxiety disorders. Our findings suggest that in healthy adults, higher levels of trait anxiety may arise, at least in part, from reduced dopamine neurotransmission.
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31
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Xu K, Li P, Miao Y, Dong N, Zhang J, Wei S, Li S, Cao F. Effects of ovarian hormones on emotional behaviors in dopamine D3 receptor knockout mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 198:11-17. [PMID: 30292827 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormones reportedly have beneficial effects on affective behaviors. However, the functions of ovarian hormones in neurotransmitter signaling must be identified to understand their role in anxiety and depression. Several studies have provided evidence of the relationship between ovarian hormones and the dopaminergic system, but the interaction between ovarian hormones and dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of DRD3 in the anxiety-like and depression-like behavioral changes induced by estrogen and progesterone. We subjected D3 receptor knockout (D3KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to a series of behavioral tests. Mice were ovariectomized 4 weeks before testing, and we randomly administered 17β-estradiol (E2, 0.2 mg/kg), progesterone (P4, 10 mg/kg), E2 (0.2 mg/kg) plus P4 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH, corn oil, 0.2 ml) subcutaneously daily for 9 consecutive days, starting 4 days before the testing day. On the testing day, the mice were injected 30 min prior to behavioral testing. Compared with WT mice in the same treatment group, D3KO mice displayed hyperactivity in the light-dark box test (LDBT) but lower activity in the open field test (OFT). In addition, D3KO mice but not their WT littermates showed behavioral changes after E2 treatment compared with those after VEH treatment in the LDBT only. In depression tests, D3KO-VEH mice displayed significantly longer immobility times than did WT-VEH mice. In addition, only D3KO mice exhibited an obvious decrease in immobility time after E2 and P4 administration. These results indicate that the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ovarian hormones can be influenced by DRD3 expression and that DRD3 knockout may induce varying sensitivities to ovarian hormones that depend on various factors, including test paradigms and experiences in animal models. Our research provides a novel insight, i.e., DRD3 may play a role in the efficacy of hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Miao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Dong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Bellamy KK, Storengen LM, Handegård KW, Arnet EF, Prestrud KW, Overall KL, Lingaas F. DRD2 is associated with fear in some dog breeds. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Genetic Deletion of Soluble Epoxide Hydroxylase Causes Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2495-2507. [PMID: 30033504 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme with COOH-terminal hydrolase and NH2-terminal lipid phosphatase activities, is expressed in regions of the brain such as the cortex, white matter, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and striatum. sEH is involved in the regulation of cerebrovascular and neuronal function upon pathological insults. However, the physiological significance of sEH and its underlying mechanism in modulating brain function are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of sEH in anxiety and potential underlying mechanisms in mice. Western blot for protein phosphorylation and expression was performed. Immunohistochemical analyses and Nissl and Golgi staining were performed for histological examination. Mouse behaviors were evaluated by open field activity, elevated plus maze, classical fear conditioning, social preference test, and Morris water maze. Our results demonstrated that the expression of sEH was upregulated during postnatal development in wild-type (WT) mice. Genetic deletion of sEH (sEH-/-) in mice resulted in anxiety-like behavior and disrupted social preference. Increased olfactory bulb (OB) size and altered integrity of neurites were observed in sEH-/- mice. In addition, ablation of sEH in mice decreased protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and reduced dopamine production in the brain. Moreover, the level of phosphorylated calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK3α/β) was higher in sEH-/- mice than in WT mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that sEH is a key player in neurite outgrowth of neurons, OB development in the brain, and the development of anxiety-like behavior, by regulating the CaMKII-GSK3α/β signaling pathway.
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Chen P, Yan F, Chen S, Li G, Hu X, Wang L, Yang Z. Neuroticism is associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity of amygdala following acute stress exposure. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:272-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Blake MJ, Trinder JA, Allen NB. Mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence: Implications for behavioral sleep interventions. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 63:25-40. [PMID: 29879564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is robust evidence of an association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence. The aim of this review is to describe and synthesize potential mechanisms underlying this association and explore implications for the design of adolescent behavioral sleep interventions. Specifically, we examine whether insomnia symptoms are a mechanism for the development of internalizing symptoms in adolescence and whether sleep interventions are an effective treatment for both insomnia and internalizing symptoms in adolescence because they target the shared mechanisms underlying these disorders. Research using different methodologies points to the role of sequential, parallel, and interacting mechanisms. In this paper, we review a wide range of relevant biological (i.e., polymorphisms and dysregulation in serotonin, dopamine, and circadian clock genes; alterations in corticolimbic and mesolimbic brain circuits; cortisol reactivity to stress; inflammatory cytokine dysregulation; biased memory consolidation; changes in sleep architecture), psychological (i.e., cognitive inflexibility, interpretational biases, judgment biases, negative attribution styles, worry, rumination, biased attention to threat, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, misperception of sleep deficit), and social mechanisms (i.e., reduced and impaired social interactions, unhelpful parenting behaviors, family stress) and propose an integrative multilevel model of how these phenomena may interact to increase vulnerability to both insomnia and internalizing disorders. Several 'biopsychosocial' mechanisms hold promise as viable treatment targets for adolescent behavioral sleep interventions, which may reduce both insomnia and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - John A Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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36
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Heller J, Mirzazade S, Romanzetti S, Habel U, Derntl B, Freitag NM, Schulz JB, Dogan I, Reetz K. Impact of gender and genetics on emotion processing in Parkinson's disease - A multimodal study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:305-314. [PMID: 29876251 PMCID: PMC5987844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the phenotypic heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease is needed. Gender and genetics determine manifestation and progression of Parkinson's disease. Altered emotion processing in Parkinson's disease is specific to male patients. This is influenced by endocrinal and genetic factors in both genders. This finding may impact the diagnosis and treatment of emerging clinical features.
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Key Words
- BAI, Beck anxiety inventory
- BDI-II, Beck depression inventory version II
- BFRT, Benton facial recognition test
- BOLD, blood‑oxygen-level dependent
- COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase
- EPI, echo planar imaging
- Emotion
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
- GM, gray matter
- Gender
- Genetics
- H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr rating scale
- HC, healthy controls
- LEDD, levodopa equivalence daily dose
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- NMS, non-motor symptoms
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- Parkinson's disease (PD)
- UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale
- VBM, voxel-based morphometry
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heller
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Shahram Mirzazade
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships: Decoding the Human Brain at Systemic Levels, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Osianderstraße 24, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils M Freitag
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Imis Dogan
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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37
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Bottelier MA, Schrantee A, Ferguson B, Tamminga HGH, Bouziane C, Kooij JJS, de Ruiter MB, Reneman L. Age-dependent effects of acute methylphenidate on amygdala reactivity in stimulant treatment-naive patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 269:36-42. [PMID: 28938219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate whether methylphenidate (MPH) affects emotional processing and whether this effect is modulated by age. We measured amygdala reactivity with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during processing of angry and fearful facial expressions in male stimulant treatment-naive patients with ADHD (N = 35 boys; N = 46 men) and 23 healthy control subjects (N = 11 boys; N = 12 men). In ADHD patients, we also measured amygdala reactivity 90min after an acute oral challenge with MPH (0.5mg/kg). Mean amygdala reactivity was analyzed for all subjects using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Whole-brain maps were analyzed for the patients only. At baseline, we found a age*diagnosis effect approaching significance (p = 0.05) in the right amygdala due to lower reactivity in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) vs. controls (-31%), but higher reactivity in adults with ADHD vs. controls (+31%). MPH significantly reduced right amygdala reactivity in all patients, resulting in further reductions in children. In the left amygdala, reduction of amygdala reactivity was confined to adult ADHD patients whereas there was no change in children with ADHD. MPH-induced decrease of amygdala reactivity in adults might be a promising avenue for managing emotional dysregulation when replicated for chronic MPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Bottelier
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Triversum, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Ferguson
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hyke G H Tamminga
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dutch Autism and ADHD research center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cheima Bouziane
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- PsyQ, psycho-medical programs, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel B de Ruiter
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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38
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Tang Y, Xiao X, Xie H, Wan CM, Meng L, Liu ZH, Liao WH, Tang BS, Guo JF. Altered Functional Brain Connectomes between Sporadic and Familial Parkinson's Patients. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:99. [PMID: 29163072 PMCID: PMC5681528 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Parkinson's disease (PD) is often caused by mutation of a certain gene, while sporadic PD is associated with variants of genes which can influence the susceptibility to PD. The goal of this study was to investigate the difference between the two forms of PD in terms of brain abnormalities using resting-state functional MRI and graph theory. Thirty-one familial PD patients and 36 sporadic PD patients underwent resting-state functional MRI scanning. Frequency-dependent functional connectivity was calculated for each subject using wavelet-based correlations of BOLD signal over 246 brain regions from Brainnetome Atlas. Graph theoretical analysis was then performed to analyze the topology of the functional network, and functional connectome differences were identified with a network-based statistical approach. Our results revealed a frequency-specific (0.016 and 0.031 Hz) connectome difference between familial and sporadic forms of PD, as indicated by an increase in assortativity and decrease in the nodal strength in the left medial amygdala of the familial PD group. In addition, the familial PD patients also showed a distinctive functional network between the left medial amygdala and regions related to retrieval of motion information. The present study indicates that the medial amygdala might be most vulnerable to both sporadic and familial PD. Our findings provide some new insights into disrupted resting-state functional connectomes between sporadic PD and familial PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Chang-Min Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Hua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, China
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Delli Pizzi S, Chiacchiaretta P, Mantini D, Bubbico G, Ferretti A, Edden RA, Di Giulio C, Onofrj M, Bonanni L. Functional and neurochemical interactions within the amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex circuit and their relevance to emotional processing. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:1267-1279. [PMID: 27566606 PMCID: PMC5549263 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit plays a key role in emotional processing. GABA-ergic inhibition within the mPFC has been suggested to play a role in the shaping of amygdala activity. However, the functional and neurochemical interactions within the amygdala-mPFC circuits and their relevance to emotional processing remain unclear. To investigate this circuit, we obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and proton MR spectroscopy in 21 healthy subjects to assess the potential relationship between GABA levels within mPFC and the amygdala-mPFC functional connectivity. Trait anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y2). Partial correlations were used to measure the relationships among the functional connectivity outcomes, mPFC GABA levels and STAI-Y2 scores. Age, educational level and amount of the gray and white matters within 1H-MRS volume of interest were included as nuisance variables. The rs-fMRI signals of the amygdala and the vmPFC were significantly anti-correlated. This negative functional coupling between the two regions was inversely correlated with the GABA+/tCr level within the mPFC and the STAI-Y2 scores. We suggest a close relationship between mPFC GABA levels and functional interactions within the amygdala-vmPFC circuit, providing new insights in the physiology of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Centre, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Centre for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanna Bubbico
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard A Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camillo Di Giulio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Centre, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Centre, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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40
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General and emotion-specific neural effects of ketamine during emotional memory formation. Neuroimage 2017; 150:308-317. [PMID: 28232170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dependent signalling in limbic and prefrontal regions is critically involved in both cognitive and emotional functions. In humans, ketamine-induced transient, and disorder associated chronic NMDAR hypofunction (i.e. in schizophrenia) has been associated with deficient performance in the domains of memory and higher-order emotional functioning, as well as altered neural activity in the underlying limbic-prefrontal circuits. To model the effects of NMDAR hypofunction on the integration of emotion and cognition the present pharmacological fMRI study applied the NMDAR antagonist ketamine (target plasma level=100ng/ml) to 21 healthy volunteers in a within-subject placebo-controlled crossover design during encoding of neutral, positive and negative pictures. Our results show that irrespective of emotion, ketamine suppressed parahippocampal and medial prefrontal activity. In contrast, ketamine selectively increased amygdala and orbitofrontal activity during successful encoding of negative stimuli. On the network level ketamine generally increased medial prefrontal-parahippocampal coupling while specifically decreasing amygdala-orbitofrontal interplay during encoding of negative stimuli. On the behavioural level, ketamine produced generally decreased memory performance and abolished the emotional enhancement of memory after a wash-out period of 5 days. The present findings suggest that ketamine produces general as well as valence-specific effects during emotional memory formation. The pattern partly overlaps with alterations previously observed in patients with schizophrenia.
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41
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Roberts K, Hemmings AJ, Moore-Colyer M, Parker MO, McBride SD. Neural modulators of temperament: A multivariate approach to personality trait identification in the horse. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:125-131. [PMID: 27597134 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A relationship between dopamine and temperament has previously been described in human cases of dopaminergic dysfunction. Adjustment in temperament prior to disease manifestation can enable the early identification of individuals at risk of such conditions, and scope exists to extend this application of temperament alterations to cases of dopaminergic dysfunction in horses. A multivariate and mixed-methods approach utilising a questionnaire along with two inferred measurements of dopamine activity (Spontaneous Blink Rate [SBR] and behavioral initiation rate [BIR]) were recorded from direct observation of animals (n=99) to identify the potential relationship between dopamine and temperament in horses. Principal components analysis (PCA) of 36 temperament variables revealed nine principal components, including 'Anxiety' and 'Docility', which accounted for 72.4% of the total variance. Component scores were calculated and correlated with SBR and BIR utilising Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis. The component 'Anxiety' was found to have a significant positive relationship with SBR, whereas 'Docility' was observed to have a significant negative relationship with SBR. These results indicate a relationship between dopamine and temperament within the horse that is certainly worthy of further study. Potential mechanisms involving neural dopaminergic and GABAergic systems are presented, in addition to how such alterations could be utilised to probe for equine dopamine dysfunction pending future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Roberts
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew J Hemmings
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS, United Kingdom
| | - Meriel Moore-Colyer
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew O Parker
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, University of Portsmouth, James Watson West Building, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2FR, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian D McBride
- Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
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42
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Dimensional psychiatry: mental disorders as dysfunctions of basic learning mechanisms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:809-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Broussard JI, Yang K, Levine AT, Tsetsenis T, Jenson D, Cao F, Garcia I, Arenkiel BR, Zhou FM, De Biasi M, Dani JA. Dopamine Regulates Aversive Contextual Learning and Associated In Vivo Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1930-9. [PMID: 26904943 PMCID: PMC4772154 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine release during reward-driven behaviors influences synaptic plasticity. However, dopamine innervation and release in the hippocampus and its role during aversive behaviors are controversial. Here, we show that in vivo hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the CA3-CA1 circuit underlies contextual learning during inhibitory avoidance (IA) training. Immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques verified sparse dopaminergic innervation of the hippocampus from the midbrain. The long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) underlying the learning of IA was assessed with a D1-like dopamine receptor agonist or antagonist in ex vivo hippocampal slices and in vivo in freely moving mice. Inhibition of D1-like dopamine receptors impaired memory of the IA task and prevented the training-induced enhancement of both ex vivo and in vivo LTP induction. The results indicate that dopamine-receptor signaling during an aversive contextual task regulates aversive memory retention and regulates associated synaptic mechanisms in the hippocampus that likely underlie learning.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Action Potentials/physiology
- Animals
- Avoidance Learning/drug effects
- Avoidance Learning/physiology
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/physiology
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/cytology
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/physiology
- Conditioning, Psychological/drug effects
- Conditioning, Psychological/physiology
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Electrodes
- Learning/physiology
- Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects
- Long-Term Potentiation/physiology
- Memory, Long-Term/drug effects
- Memory, Long-Term/physiology
- Mesencephalon/cytology
- Mesencephalon/drug effects
- Mesencephalon/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microtomy
- Pyramidal Cells/cytology
- Pyramidal Cells/drug effects
- Pyramidal Cells/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/physiology
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/physiology
- Synapses/ultrastructure
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
- Tissue Culture Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Broussard
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kechun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amber T Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theodoros Tsetsenis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Jenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Isabella Garcia
- Program in Developmental Biology , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Program in Developmental Biology , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A Dani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Liebscher C, Wittmann A, Gechter J, Schlagenhauf F, Lueken U, Plag J, Straube B, Pfleiderer B, Fehm L, Gerlach AL, Kircher T, Fydrich T, Deckert J, Wittchen HU, Heinz A, Arolt V, Ströhle A. Facing the fear--clinical and neural effects of cognitive behavioural and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:431-44. [PMID: 26837851 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and pharmacological treatment with selective serotonin or serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SSNRI) are regarded as efficacious treatments for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/AG). However, little is known about treatment-specific effects on symptoms and neurofunctional correlates. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES We used a comparative design with PD/AG patients receiving either two types of CBT (therapist-guided (n=29) or non-guided exposure (n=22)) or pharmacological treatment (SSRI/SSNRI; n=28) as well as a wait-list control group (WL; n=15) to investigate differential treatment effects in general aspects of fear and depression (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale HAM-A and Beck Depression Inventory BDI), disorder-specific symptoms (Mobility Inventory MI, Panic and Agoraphobia Scale subscale panic attacks PAS-panic, Anxiety Sensitivity Index ASI, rating of agoraphobic stimuli) and neurofunctional substrates during symptom provocation (Westphal-Paradigm) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Comparisons of neural activation patterns also included healthy controls (n=29). RESULTS Both treatments led to a significantly greater reduction in panic attacks, depression and general anxiety than the WL group. The CBT groups, in particular, the therapist-guided arm, had a significantly greater decrease in avoidance, fear of phobic situations and anxiety symptoms and reduction in bilateral amygdala activation while the processing of agoraphobia-related pictures compared to the SSRI/SSNRI and WL groups. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that therapist-guided CBT leads to a more pronounced short-term impact on agoraphobic psychopathology and supports the assumption of the amygdala as a central structure in a complex fear processing system as well as the amygdala's involvement in the fear system's sensitivity to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Liebscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - André Wittmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Gechter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Plag
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Pfleiderer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Fehm
- Institute of Psychology, Psychotherapy and Somatopsychology - Humboldt University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fydrich
- Institute of Psychology, Psychotherapy and Somatopsychology - Humboldt University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Yildirim BO, Derksen JJL. Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:633-77. [PMID: 26277034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite similar emotional deficiencies, primary psychopathic individuals can be situated on a continuum that spans from controlled to disinhibited. The constructs on which primary psychopaths are found to diverge, such as self-control, cognitive flexibility, and executive functioning, are crucially regulated by dopamine (DA). As such, the goal of this review is to examine which specific alterations in the meso-cortico-limbic DA system and corresponding genes (e.g., TH, DAT, COMT, DRD2, DRD4) might bias development towards a more controlled or disinhibited expression of primary psychopathy. Based on empirical data, it is argued that primary psychopathy is generally related to a higher tonic and population activity of striatal DA neurons and lower levels of D2-type DA receptors in meso-cortico-limbic projections, which may boost motivational drive towards incentive-laden goals, dampen punishment sensitivity, and increase future reward-expectancy. However, increasingly higher levels of DA activity in the striatum (moderate versus pathological elevations), lower levels of DA functionality in the prefrontal cortex, and higher D1-to-D2-type receptor ratios in meso-cortico-limbic projections may lead to increasingly disinhibited and impetuous phenotypes of primary psychopathy. Finally, in order to provide a more coherent view on etiological mechanisms, we discuss interactions between DA and serotonin that are relevant for primary psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş O Yildirim
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, De Kluyskamp 1002, 6545 JD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Room: A.07.04B, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Ludwig VU, Nüsser C, Goschke T, Wittfoth-Schardt D, Wiers CE, Erk S, Schott BH, Walter H. Delay discounting without decision-making: medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala activations reflect immediacy processing and correlate with impulsivity and anxious-depressive traits. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:280. [PMID: 26578910 PMCID: PMC4624839 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans value rewards less when these are delivered in the future as opposed to immediately, a phenomenon referred to as delay discounting. While delay discounting has been studied during the anticipation of rewards and in the context of intertemporal decision-making, little is known about its neural correlates in the outcome phase (during reward delivery) and their relation to personality. Personality traits that have been associated with increased delay discounting include impulsivity and, potentially, anxious-depressive traits. Here we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 72 healthy participants while they carried out a monetary incentive delay (MID) task with a delay manipulation. In sixty percent of the experimental trials, participants won rewards that differed in magnitude (0.05€, 0.50€ or 1€) and delay until delivery (immediately, 10 days, or 100 days). A factor analysis on questionnaires yielded two factors reflecting Impulsivity and Anxiety/Depression, which we used to examine potential relationships between personality and delay discounting. When winning a reward, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activation was higher for immediate compared to delayed rewards. Moreover, amygdala activation correlated with reward magnitude for immediate but not for delayed rewards. Amygdala activation to winning immediate rewards was higher in more impulsive participants, while mPFC activation to winning immediate rewards was higher in more anxious-depressed participants. Our results uncover neural correlates of delay discounting during reward delivery, and suggest that impulsivity and subclinical anxious-depressive traits are related to stronger neural responses for winning immediate relative to delayed rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera U Ludwig
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Nüsser
- Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany ; Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Dina Wittfoth-Schardt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany ; NICA-NeuroImaging and Clinical Applications Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Leggio GM, Torrisi SA, Castorina A, Platania CBM, Impellizzeri AAR, Fidilio A, Caraci F, Bucolo C, Drago F, Salomone S. Dopamine D3 receptor-dependent changes in alpha6 GABAA subunit expression in striatum modulate anxiety-like behaviour: Responsiveness and tolerance to diazepam. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1427-36. [PMID: 25482686 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that central dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is involved in pathophysiology of anxiety, in particular the DA receptor subtype 3 (D3R). We previously reported that D3R null mice (D3R(-/-)) exhibit low baseline anxiety levels and that acutely administrated diazepam is more effective in D3R(-/-) than in wild type (WT) when tested in the elevated plus maze test (EPM). Here we tested the hypothesis that genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of D3R affect GABAA subunit expression, which in turn modulates anxiety-like behaviour as well as responsiveness and tolerance to diazepam. D3R(-/-) mice exhibited tolerance to diazepam (0.5mg/kg, i.p.), assessed by EPM, as fast as after 3 day-treatment, performing similarly to untreated D3R(-/-) mice; conversely, WT exhibited tolerance to diazepam after a 14-21 day-treatment. Analysis of GABAA α6 subunit mRNA expression by qPCR in striatum showed that it was about 15-fold higher in D3R(-/-) than in WT. Diazepam treatment did not modify α6 expression in D3R(-/-), but progressively increased α6 expression in WT, to the level of untreated D3R(-/-) after 14-21 day-treatment. BDNF mRNA expression in striatum was remarkably (>10-fold) increased after 3 days of diazepam-treatment in both WT and D3R(-/-); such expression level, however, slowly declined below control levels, by 14-21 days. Following a 7 day-treatment with the selective D3R antagonist SB277011A, WT exhibited a fast tolerance to diazepam accompanied by a robust increase in α6 subunit expression. In conclusion, genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of D3R accelerate the development of tolerance to repeated administrations of diazepam and increase α6 subunit expression, a GABAA subunit that has been linked to diazepam insensitivity. Modulation of GABAA receptor by DA transmission may be involved in the mechanisms of anxiety and, if occurring in humans, may have therapeutic relevance following repeated use of drugs targeting D3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Alfio Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Antonia Rita Impellizzeri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Educational Sciences, Catania University, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catania University, Catania, Italy.
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Hägele C, Friedel E, Kienast T, Kiefer F. How do we 'learn' addiction? Risk factors and mechanisms getting addicted to alcohol. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 70:67-76. [PMID: 25359487 DOI: 10.1159/000364825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is one of the leading contributors to the burden of disease in the world. A range of genetic and environmental risk factors has been identified to date, and preclinical and clinical studies including imaging studies have identified neuronal networks involved in the development of alcohol dependence. METHODS We review genetic and environmental risk factors for the development of alcohol addiction as well as structural and neuronal changes, including their transmitter systems, due to regular alcohol intake. RESULTS Stress as well as family background and, in juveniles, the peer group could be identified as environmental risk factors for alcohol dependence. Heritability is estimated at around 50%, and it seems to be comparable in women and men. There is ongoing research on a broad range of putative endophenotypes such as tolerance of the effects of alcohol intake or personal traits like 'impulsivity'. On the neurobiological level, chronic alcohol intake seems to render mesolimbic circuits hypersensitive to alcohol and alter the motivational reward system including dopaminergic neurotransmission. CONCLUSION Environmental and genetic risk factors, and especially their interaction, facilitate the development of alcohol dependence. Ongoing alcohol intake results in profound alterations of neuronal systems crucial for motivation, learning, memory and cognition control. Future studies should further combine the knowledge of neurobiological mechanisms and risk factors to develop new prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hägele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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49
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The impact of stress on feedback and error processing during behavioral adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2015; 71:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Comte M, Cancel A, Coull JT, Schön D, Reynaud E, Boukezzi S, Rousseau PF, Robert G, Khalfa S, Guedj E, Blin O, Weinberger DR, Fakra E. Effect of trait anxiety on prefrontal control mechanisms during emotional conflict. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2207-14. [PMID: 25664956 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence points to a link between anxiety proneness and altered emotional functioning, including threat-related biases in selective attention and higher susceptibility to emotionally ambiguous stimuli. However, during these complex emotional situations, it remains unclear how trait anxiety affects the engagement of the prefrontal emotional control system and particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a core region at the intersection of the limbic and prefrontal systems. Using an emotional conflict task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated in healthy subjects the relations between trait anxiety and both regional activity and functional connectivity (psychophysiological interaction) of the ACC. Higher levels of anxiety were associated with stronger task-related activation in ACC but with reduced functional connectivity between ACC and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). These results support the hypothesis that when one is faced with emotionally incompatible information, anxiety leads to inefficient high-order control, characterized by insufficient ACC-LPFC functional coupling and increases, possibly compensatory, in activation of ACC. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the neural circuitry underlying anxiety and may offer potential treatment markers for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Comte
- Stress et Vulnérabilité, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, Marseille, France
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