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Perez GA, Park KW, Lanza D, Cicardo J, Danish Uddin M, Jankowsky JL. Generation of a Dcx-CreER T2 knock-in mouse for genetic manipulation of newborn neurons. Genesis 2024; 62:e23584. [PMID: 38102875 PMCID: PMC11021165 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of CreERT2 driver lines are available for genetic manipulation of adult-born neurons in the mouse brain. These tools have been instrumental in studying fate potential, migration, circuit integration, and morphology of the stem cells supporting lifelong neurogenesis. Despite a wealth of tools, genetic manipulation of adult-born neurons for circuit and behavioral studies has been limited by poor specificity of many driver lines targeting early progenitor cells and by the inaccessibility of lines selective for later stages of neuronal maturation. We sought to address these limitations by creating a new CreERT2 driver line targeted to the endogenous mouse doublecortin locus as a marker of fate-specified neuroblasts and immature neurons. Our new model places a T2A-CreERT2 cassette immediately downstream of the Dcx coding sequence on the X chromosome, allowing expression of both Dcx and CreERT2 proteins in the endogenous spatiotemporal pattern for this gene. We demonstrate that the new mouse line drives expression of a Cre-dependent reporter throughout the brain in neonatal mice and in known neurogenic niches of adult animals. The line has been deposited with the Jackson Laboratory and should provide an accessible tool for studies targeting fate-restricted neuronal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A. Perez
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kyung-Won Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Denise Lanza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jenna Cicardo
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - M. Danish Uddin
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Joanna L. Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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2
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Yuan J, Tao Y, Wang M, Huang F, Wu X. Natural compounds as potential therapeutic candidates for multiple sclerosis: Emerging preclinical evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155248. [PMID: 38096716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with main characteristics of pathological inflammation, neural damage and axonal demyelination. Current mainstream treatments demonstrate more or less side effects, which limit their extensive use. PURPOSE Increasing studies indicate that natural compounds benefit multiple sclerosis without remarkable side effects. Given the needs to explore the potential effects of natural compounds of plant origin on multiple sclerosis and their mechanisms, we review publications involving the role of natural compounds in animal models of multiple sclerosis, excluding controlled trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Articles were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords ``multiple sclerosis'' and ``natural compounds'' published from January 1, 2008, to September 1, 2023. RESULTS This review summarized the effects of natural ingredients (flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, and others) from three aspects: immune regulation, oxidative stress suppression, and myelin protection and regeneration in multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION Overall, we concluded 80 studies to show the preclinical evidence that natural compounds may attenuate multiple sclerosis progression via suppressing immune attacks and/or promoting myelin protection or endogenous repair processes. It would pave the roads for the future development of effective therapeutic regiments of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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3
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Cho CH, Deyneko IV, Cordova-Martinez D, Vazquez J, Maguire AS, Diaz JR, Carbonell AU, Tindi JO, Cui MH, Fleysher R, Molholm S, Lipton ML, Branch CA, Hodgson L, Jordan BA. ANKS1B encoded AIDA-1 regulates social behaviors by controlling oligodendrocyte function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8499. [PMID: 38129387 PMCID: PMC10739966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions in the ANKS1B gene cause ANKS1B neurodevelopmental syndrome (ANDS), a rare genetic disease characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and speech and motor deficits. The ANKS1B gene encodes for AIDA-1, a protein that is enriched at neuronal synapses and regulates synaptic plasticity. Here we report an unexpected role for oligodendroglial deficits in ANDS pathophysiology. We show that Anks1b-deficient mouse models display deficits in oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, and Rac1 function, and recapitulate white matter abnormalities observed in ANDS patients. Selective loss of Anks1b from the oligodendrocyte lineage, but not from neuronal populations, leads to deficits in social preference and sensory reactivity previously observed in a brain-wide Anks1b haploinsufficiency model. Furthermore, we find that clemastine, an antihistamine shown to increase oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and central nervous system myelination, rescues deficits in social preference in 7-month-old Anks1b-deficient mice. Our work shows that deficits in social behaviors present in ANDS may originate from abnormal Rac1 activity within oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Cho
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Vasilisa Deyneko
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dylann Cordova-Martinez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan Vazquez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anne S Maguire
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jenny R Diaz
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abigail U Carbonell
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaafar O Tindi
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roman Fleysher
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bryen A Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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4
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Fang YM, Chen WC, Zheng WJ, Yang YS, Zhang Y, Chen XL, Pei MQ, Lin S, He HF. A cutting-edge strategy for spinal cord injury treatment: resident cellular transdifferentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1237641. [PMID: 37711511 PMCID: PMC10498389 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1237641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury causes varying degrees of motor and sensory function loss. However, there are no effective treatments for spinal cord repair following an injury. Moreover, significant preclinical advances in bioengineering and regenerative medicine have not yet been translated into effective clinical therapies. The spinal cord's poor regenerative capacity makes repairing damaged and lost neurons a critical treatment step. Reprogramming-based neuronal transdifferentiation has recently shown great potential in repair and plasticity, as it can convert mature somatic cells into functional neurons for spinal cord injury repair in vitro and in vivo, effectively halting the progression of spinal cord injury and promoting functional improvement. However, the mechanisms of the neuronal transdifferentiation and the induced neuronal subtypes are not yet well understood. This review analyzes the mechanisms of resident cellular transdifferentiation based on a review of the relevant recent literature, describes different molecular approaches to obtain different neuronal subtypes, discusses the current challenges and improvement methods, and provides new ideas for exploring therapeutic approaches for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jing Zheng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Li Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qin Pei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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5
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Molinari YA, Byrne AJ, Pérez MJ, Silvestroff L, Franco PG. The Effects of Cuprizone on Murine Subventricular Zone-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells Grown as Neurospheres. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1195-1213. [PMID: 36424468 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive use of the cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination animal model, there is little evidence regarding the effects of CPZ on a cellular level. Initial studies have suggested that oligodendrocytes (OL) are the main cell targets for CPZ toxicity. However, recent data have revealed additional effects on neural stem cells and progenitor cells (NSC/NPC), which constitute a reservoir for OL regeneration during brain remyelination. We cultured NSC/NPC as neurospheres to investigate CPZ effects on cell mechanisms which are thought to be involved in demyelination and remyelination processes in vivo. Proliferating NSC/NPC cultures exposed to CPZ showed overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased progenitor migration at the expense of a significant inhibition of cell proliferation. Although NSC/NPC survival was not affected by CPZ in proliferative conditions, we found that CPZ-treated cultures undergoing cell differentiation were more prone to cell death than controls. The commitment and cell differentiation towards neural lineages did not seem to be affected by CPZ, as shown by the conserved proportions of OL, astrocytes, and neurons. Nevertheless, when CPZ treatment was performed after cell differentiation, we detected a significant reduction in the number and the morphological complexity of OL, astrogliosis, and neuronal damage. We conclude that, in addition to damaging mature OL, CPZ also reduces NSC/NPC proliferation and activates progenitor migration. These results shed light on CPZ direct effects on NSC proliferation and the progression of in vitro differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila Azul Molinari
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Jesús Byrne
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julia Pérez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Silvestroff
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Gabriela Franco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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de Almeida MMA, Watson AES, Bibi S, Dittmann NL, Goodkey K, Sharafodinzadeh P, Galleguillos D, Nakhaei-Nejad M, Kosaraju J, Steinberg N, Wang BS, Footz T, Giuliani F, Wang J, Sipione S, Edgar JM, Voronova A. Fractalkine enhances oligodendrocyte regeneration and remyelination in a demyelination mouse model. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:519-533. [PMID: 36608690 PMCID: PMC9968989 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) occur when myelin and oligodendrocytes are damaged or lost. Remyelination and regeneration of oligodendrocytes can be achieved from endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that reside in the adult CNS tissue. Using a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination, we show that infusion of fractalkine (CX3CL1) into the demyelinated murine brain increases de novo oligodendrocyte formation and enhances remyelination in the corpus callosum and cortical gray matter. This is achieved by increased OPC proliferation in the cortical gray matter as well as OPC differentiation and attenuation of microglia/macrophage activation both in corpus callosum and cortical gray matter. Finally, we show that activated OPCs and microglia/macrophages express fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in vivo, and that in OPC-microglia co-cultures fractalkine increases in vitro oligodendrocyte differentiation by modulating both OPC and microglia biology. Our results demonstrate a novel pro-regenerative role of fractalkine in a demyelinating mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M A de Almeida
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Adrianne E S Watson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Sana Bibi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Nicole L Dittmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Kara Goodkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Pedram Sharafodinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Maryam Nakhaei-Nejad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jayasankar Kosaraju
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Noam Steinberg
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Beatrix S Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tim Footz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Simonetta Sipione
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Julia M Edgar
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anastassia Voronova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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7
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Butruille L, Sébillot A, Ávila K, Vancamp P, Demeneix BA, Pifferi F, Remaud S. Increased oligodendrogenesis and myelination in the subventricular zone of aged mice and gray mouse lemurs. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:534-554. [PMID: 36669492 PMCID: PMC9969077 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult rodent subventricular zone (SVZ) generates neural stem cells (NSCs) throughout life that migrate to the olfactory bulbs (OBs) and differentiate into olfactory interneurons. Few SVZ NSCs generate oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We investigated how neurogliogenesis is regulated during aging in mice and in a non-human primate (NHP) model, the gray mouse lemur. In both species, neuronal commitment decreased with age, while OPC generation and myelin content unexpectedly increased. In the OBs, more tyrosine hydroxylase interneurons in old mice, but fewer in lemurs, marked a surprising interspecies difference that could relate to our observation of a continuous ventricle in lemurs. In the corpus callosum, aging promoted maturation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes in mice but blocked it in lemurs. The present study highlights similarities and dissimilarities between rodents and NHPs, revealing that NHPs are a more relevant model than mice to study the evolution of biomarkers of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Anthony Sébillot
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katia Ávila
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Pifferi
- UMR 7179 Mecadev, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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8
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Dittmann NL, Torabi P, Watson AES, Yuzwa SA, Voronova A. Culture Protocol and Transcriptomic Analysis of Murine SVZ NPCs and OPCs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:983-1000. [PMID: 36617597 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian adult brain contains two neural stem and precursor (NPC) niches: the subventricular zone [SVZ] lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone [SGZ] in the hippocampus. From these, SVZ NPCs represent the largest NPC pool. While SGZ NPCs typically only produce neurons and astrocytes, SVZ NPCs produce neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes throughout life. Of particular importance is the generation and replacement of oligodendrocytes, the only myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). SVZ NPCs contribute to myelination by regenerating the parenchymal oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) pool and by differentiating into oligodendrocytes in the developing and demyelinated brain. The neurosphere assay has been widely adopted by the scientific community to facilitate the study of NPCs in vitro. Here, we present a streamlined protocol for culturing postnatal and adult SVZ NPCs and OPCs from primary neurosphere cells. We characterize the purity and differentiation potential as well as provide RNA-sequencing profiles of postnatal SVZ NPCs, postnatal SVZ OPCs and adult SVZ NPCs. We show that primary neurospheres cells generated from postnatal and adult SVZ differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes concurrently and at comparable levels. SVZ OPCs are generated by subjecting primary neurosphere cells to OPC growth factors fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA). We further show SVZ OPCs can differentiate into oligodendrocytes in the absence and presence of thyroid hormone T3. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed the identities of each cell population and revealed novel immune and signalling pathways expressed in an age and cell type specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Dittmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Pouria Torabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Adrianne E S Watson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scott A Yuzwa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anastassia Voronova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada. .,Women and Children's Health Research Institute5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada. .,Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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9
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El Waly B, Bertet C, Paris M, Falque M, Milpied P, Magalon K, Cayre M, Durbec P. Neuroblasts contribute to oligodendrocytes generation upon demyelination in the adult mouse brain. iScience 2022; 25:105102. [PMID: 36185360 PMCID: PMC9519617 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After demyelinating insult, the neuronal progenitors of the adult mouse sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) called neuroblasts convert into oligodendrocytes that participate to the remyelination process. We use this rare example of spontaneous fate conversion to identify the molecular mechanisms governing these processes. Using in vivo cell lineage and single cell RNA-sequencing, we demonstrate that SVZ neuroblasts fate conversion proceeds through formation of a non-proliferating transient cellular state co-expressing markers of both neuronal and oligodendrocyte identities. Transition between the two identities starts immediately after demyelination and occurs gradually, by a stepwise upregulation/downregulation of key TFs and chromatin modifiers. Each step of this fate conversion involves fine adjustments of the transcription and translation machineries as well as tight regulation of metabolism and migratory behaviors. Together, these data constitute the first in-depth analysis of a spontaneous cell fate conversion in the adult mammalian CNS. NB can contribute to myelin repair by converting into oligodendrocytes NB fate conversion occurs gradually, through formation of an intermediate cell type NB fate conversion does not involve reversion toward a pluripotent state NB fate conversion seems to involve EMT-related mechanisms and metabolic changes
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10
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Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Mediated Oligodendrogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Brain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132101. [PMID: 35805185 PMCID: PMC9265817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrogenesis is essential for replacing worn-out oligodendrocytes, promoting myelin plasticity, and for myelin repair following a demyelinating injury in the adult mammalian brain. Neural stem cells are an important source of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain; however, there are considerable differences in oligodendrogenesis from neural stem cells residing in different areas of the adult brain. Amongst the distinct niches containing neural stem cells, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are considered the principle areas of adult neurogenesis. In addition to these areas, radial glia-like cells, which are the precursors of neural stem cells, are found in the lining of the third ventricle, where they are called tanycytes, and in the cerebellum, where they are called Bergmann glia. In this review, we will describe the contribution and regulation of each of these niches in adult oligodendrogenesis.
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11
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Kim CK, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet? Aging Dis 2022; 13:175-214. [PMID: 35111369 PMCID: PMC8782556 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the global exponential increase in population ageing, there is an urgent unmet need to develop reliable strategies to slow down and delay the ageing process. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our contemporary society and represent a major socio-economic burden. There are several controversial factors that are thought to play a causal role in brain ageing which are continuously being examined in experimental models. Among them are oxidative stress and brain inflammation which are empirical to brain ageing. Although some candidate drugs have been developed which reduce the ageing phenotype, their clinical translation is limited. There are several strategies currently in development to improve brain ageing. These include strategies such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, promotion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, removal of senescent cells, 'young blood' transfusions, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, stem cell therapy, vascular risk reduction, and non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies. Several studies have shown that these strategies can not only improve brain ageing by attenuating age-related neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but also maintain cognitive function in a variety of pre-clinical experimental murine models. However, clinical evidence is limited and many of these strategies are awaiting findings from large-scale clinical trials which are nascent in the current literature. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and lack of adverse effects in various tissues and organs to gain a greater understanding of their potential beneficial effects on brain ageing and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Li Y, Dittmann NL, Watson AES, de Almeida MMA, Footz T, Voronova A. Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor Enhances Oligodendrocyte Genesis from Subventricular Zone Precursor Cells. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221086340. [PMID: 35293825 PMCID: PMC8943302 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221086340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), perform vital functions in neural protection and communication, as well as cognition. Enhanced production of oligodendrocytes has been identified as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the postnatal brain, oligodendrocytes are generated from the neural stem and precursor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and parenchymal oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Here, we demonstrate exogenous Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor (HDGF) enhances oligodendrocyte genesis from murine postnatal SVZ NPCs in vitro without affecting neurogenesis or astrogliogenesis. We further show that this is achieved by increasing proliferation of both NPCs and OPCs, as well as OPC differentiation into oligodendrocytes. In vivo results demonstrate that intracerebroventricular infusion of HDGF leads to increased oligodendrocyte genesis from SVZ NPCs, as well as OPC proliferation. Our results demonstrate a novel role for HDGF in regulating SVZ precursor cell proliferation and oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Nicole Leanne Dittmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Adrianne Eve Scovil Watson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Tim Footz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Anastassia Voronova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 1C9
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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13
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Zheng Z, Chen J, Chopp M. Mechanisms of Plasticity Remodeling and Recovery. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Mausner-Fainberg K, Benhamou M, Golan M, Kimelman NB, Danon U, Marom E, Karni A. Specific Blockade of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/4 Induces Oligodendrogenesis and Remyelination in Demyelinating Disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1798-1814. [PMID: 34159538 PMCID: PMC8608985 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are present in demyelinated lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, their differentiation into functional oligodendrocytes is insufficient, and most lesions evolve into nonfunctional astroglial scars. Blockade of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling induces differentiation of OPCs into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. We studied the effect of specific blockade of BMP-2/4 signaling, by intravenous (IV) treatment with anti-BMP-2/4 neutralizing mAb in both the inflammatory model of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) and the cuprizone-toxic model of demyelination in mice. Administration of anti-BMP-2/4 to R-EAE-induced mice, on day 9 post-immunization (p.i.), ameliorated R-EAE signs, diminished the expression of phospho-SMAD1/5/8, primarily within the astrocytic lineage, increased the numbers of de novo immature and mature oligodendrocytes, and reduced the numbers of newly generated astrocytes within the spinal cord as early as day 18 p.i. This effect was accompanied with elevated remyelination, manifested by increased density of remyelinating axons (0.8 < g-ratios < 1), and reduced fully demyelinated and demyelinating axons, in the anti-BMP-2/4-treated R-EAE mice, studied by electron microscopy. No significant immunosuppressive effect was observed in the CNS and in the periphery, during the peak of the first attack, or at the end of the experiment. Moreover, IV treatment with anti-BMP-2/4 mAb in the cuprizone-challenged mice augmented the numbers of mature oligodendrocytes and remyelination in the corpus callosum during the recovery phase of the disease. Based on our findings, the specific blockade of BMP-2/4 has a therapeutic potential in demyelinating disorders such as MS, by inducing early oligodendrogenesis-mediated remyelination in the affected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mausner-Fainberg
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Benhamou
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler's Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Golan
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Uri Danon
- Stem Cell Medicine Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Marom
- Stem Cell Medicine Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arnon Karni
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler's Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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15
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Brousse B, Mercier O, Magalon K, Daian F, Durbec P, Cayre M. Endogenous neural stem cells modulate microglia and protect against demyelination. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1792-1804. [PMID: 34087164 PMCID: PMC8282429 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to corpus callosum (CC) demyelination, subventricular zone-derived neural progenitors (SVZdNPs) are mobilized and generate new myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLG). Here, we examine the putative immunomodulatory properties of endogenous SVZdNPs during demyelination in the cuprizone model. SVZdNP density was higher in the lateral and rostral CC regions, and demyelination was inversely correlated with activated microglial density and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that CC areas with high levels of SVZdNP mobilization were enriched in a microglial cell subpopulation with an immunomodulatory signature. We propose MFGE8 (milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8) and β3 integrin as a ligand/receptor pair involved in dialogue between SVZdNPs and microglia. Immature SVZdNPs mobilized to the demyelinated CC were found highly enriched in MFGE8, which promoted the phagocytosis of myelin debris in vitro. Overall, these results demonstrate that, in addition to their cell replacement capacity, endogenous progenitors have immunomodulatory properties, highlighting a new role for endogenous SVZdNPs in myelin regeneration. Demyelination is limited in corpus callosum areas rich in subventricular zone–derived progenitors In these areas microglial cells adopt an immunomodulatory phenotype Mobilized SVZ progenitors secrete MFGE8, which promotes myelin debris phagocytosis SVZ-derived progenitors minimize demyelination by modulating microglial activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Brousse
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Océane Mercier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Karine Magalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Pascale Durbec
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Myriam Cayre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France.
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16
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Curry RN, Glasgow SM. The Role of Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659055. [PMID: 34012965 PMCID: PMC8127784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to developmental cell signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades have been implicated in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Resurgence of aberrant neurodevelopmental programs in the context of brain tumors highlights the numerous parallels that exist between developmental and oncologic mechanisms. A deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors contribute to brain tumor oncogenesis and disease progression will help to identify potential therapeutic targets for these malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning developmental signaling cascades and neurodevelopmentally-regulated transcriptional programs. We also examine their respective contributions towards tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in both pediatric and adult brain tumors and highlight relevant differentiation therapies and putative candidates for prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Curry
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stacey M. Glasgow
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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17
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Cayre M, Falque M, Mercier O, Magalon K, Durbec P. Myelin Repair: From Animal Models to Humans. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:604865. [PMID: 33935649 PMCID: PMC8079744 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.604865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely thought that brain repair does not occur, but myelin regeneration provides clear evidence to the contrary. Spontaneous remyelination may occur after injury or in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the efficiency of remyelination varies considerably between MS patients and between the lesions of each patient. Myelin repair is essential for optimal functional recovery, so a profound understanding of the cells and mechanisms involved in this process is required for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe how animal models and modern cell tracing and imaging methods have helped to identify the cell types involved in myelin regeneration. In addition to the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells identified in the 1990s as the principal source of remyelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS), other cell populations, including subventricular zone-derived neural progenitors, Schwann cells, and even spared mature oligodendrocytes, have more recently emerged as potential contributors to CNS remyelination. We will also highlight the conditions known to limit endogenous repair, such as aging, chronic inflammation, and the production of extracellular matrix proteins, and the role of astrocytes and microglia in these processes. Finally, we will present the discrepancies between observations in humans and in rodents, discussing the relationship of findings in experimental models to myelin repair in humans. These considerations are particularly important from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Cayre
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM-UMR 7288), Marseille, France
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18
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DCX + neuronal progenitors contribute to new oligodendrocytes during remyelination in the hippocampus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20095. [PMID: 33208869 PMCID: PMC7674453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A pool of different types of neural progenitor cells resides in the adult hippocampus. Apart from doublecortin-expressing (DCX+) neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), the hippocampal parenchyma also contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. It is not clear yet to what extent the functions of these different progenitor cell types overlap and how plastic these cells are in response to pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hippocampal DCX+ NPCs can generate new oligodendrocytes under conditions in which myelin repair is required. For this, the cell fate of DCX-expressing NPCs was analyzed during cuprizone-induced demyelination and subsequent remyelination in two regions of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of DCX-CreERT2/Flox-EGFP transgenic mice. In this DCX reporter model, the number of GFP+ NPCs co-expressing Olig2 and CC1, a combination of markers typically found in mature oligodendrocytes, was significantly increased in the hippocampal DG during remyelination. In contrast, the numbers of GFP+PDGFRα+ cells, as well as their proliferation, were unaffected by de- or remyelination. During remyelination, a higher portion of newly generated BrdU-labeled cells were GFP+ NPCs and there was an increase in new oligodendrocytes derived from these proliferating cells (GFP+Olig2+BrdU+). These results suggest that DCX-expressing NPCs were able to contribute to the generation of mature oligodendrocytes during remyelination in the adult hippocampus.
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19
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Melià-Sorolla M, Castaño C, DeGregorio-Rocasolano N, Rodríguez-Esparragoza L, Dávalos A, Martí-Sistac O, Gasull T. Relevance of Porcine Stroke Models to Bridge the Gap from Pre-Clinical Findings to Clinical Implementation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186568. [PMID: 32911769 PMCID: PMC7555414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search of animal stroke models providing translational advantages for biomedical research, pigs are large mammals with interesting brain characteristics and wide social acceptance. Compared to rodents, pigs have human-like highly gyrencephalic brains. In addition, increasingly through phylogeny, animals have more sophisticated white matter connectivity; thus, ratios of white-to-gray matter in humans and pigs are higher than in rodents. Swine models provide the opportunity to study the effect of stroke with emphasis on white matter damage and neuroanatomical changes in connectivity, and their pathophysiological correlate. In addition, the subarachnoid space surrounding the swine brain resembles that of humans. This allows the accumulation of blood and clots in subarachnoid hemorrhage models mimicking the clinical condition. The clot accumulation has been reported to mediate pathological mechanisms known to contribute to infarct progression and final damage in stroke patients. Importantly, swine allows trustworthy tracking of brain damage evolution using the same non-invasive multimodal imaging sequences used in the clinical practice. Moreover, several models of comorbidities and pathologies usually found in stroke patients have recently been established in swine. We review here ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models reported so far in pigs. The advantages and limitations of each model are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Melià-Sorolla
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (N.D.-R.)
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Neurointerventional Radiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Núria DeGregorio-Rocasolano
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (N.D.-R.)
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Esparragoza
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (L.R.-E.); (A.D.)
| | - Antoni Dávalos
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (L.R.-E.); (A.D.)
| | - Octavi Martí-Sistac
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (N.D.-R.)
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Carretera del Canyet, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Edifici Mar, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.M.-S.); (T.G.); Tel.: +34-930330531 (O.M.-S.)
| | - Teresa Gasull
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (N.D.-R.)
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Carretera del Canyet, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Edifici Mar, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.M.-S.); (T.G.); Tel.: +34-930330531 (O.M.-S.)
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20
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Hart CG, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Bone morphogenetic proteins: New insights into their roles and mechanisms in CNS development, pathology and repair. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113455. [PMID: 32877654 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved and diverse family of proteins that play essential roles in various stages of development including the formation and patterning of the central nervous system (CNS). Bioavailability and function of BMPs are regulated by input from a plethora of transcription factors and signaling pathways. Intriguingly, recent literature has uncovered novel roles for BMPs in regulating homeostatic and pathological responses in the adult CNS. Basal levels of BMP ligands and receptors are widely expressed in the adult brain and spinal cord with differential expression patterns across CNS regions, cell types and subcellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that several BMP isoforms are transiently or chronically upregulated in the aged or pathological CNS. Genetic knockout and pharmacological studies have elucidated that BMPs regulate several aspects of CNS injury and repair including cell survival and differentiation, reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, axon regeneration, and myelin preservation and repair. Several BMP isoforms can be upregulated in the injured or diseased CNS simultaneously yet exert complementary or opposing effects on the endogenous cell responses after injury. Emerging studies also show that dysregulation of BMPs is associated with various CNS pathologies. Interestingly, modulation of BMPs can lead to beneficial or detrimental effects on CNS injury and repair mechanisms in a ligand, temporally or spatially specific manner, which reflect the complexity of BMP signaling. Given the significance of BMPs in neurodevelopment, a better understanding of their role in the context of injury may provide new therapeutic targets for the pathologic CNS. This review will provide a timely overview on the foundation and recent advancements in knowledge regarding the role and mechanisms of BMP signaling in the developing and adult CNS, and their implications in pathological responses and repair processes after injury or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hart
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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21
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Deboux C, Spigoni G, Caillava C, Garcia-Diaz B, Ypsilanti A, Sarrazin N, Bachelin C, Chédotal A, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Slit1 Protein Regulates SVZ-Derived Precursor Mobilization in the Adult Demyelinated CNS. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:168. [PMID: 32670024 PMCID: PMC7332780 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Slit1 is a secreted axon guidance molecule, also involved in adult neurogenesis. In physiological conditions, Slit1 loss promotes ectopic dispersal of SVZ-derived neural precursors (SVZ-NPCs) into periventricular structures such as the corpus callosum. Demyelination of the corpus callosum triggers SVZ-NPC migration to ectopic locations and their recruitment by the lesion, suggesting a possible role for Slit1 in SVZ-NPCs ectopic dispersal regulation in pathological conditions. Here, we have investigated the function of Slit1 protein in the recruitment of SVZ-NPCs after CNS demyelination. We find that the dynamics of oligodendrogenesis and temporal profile of developmental myelination in Slit1–/– mice are similar to Slit1+/− controls. SVZ micro-dissection and RT-PCR from wild-type mice, show that Slits and Robos are physiologically regulated at the transcriptional level in response to corpus callosum demyelination suggesting their role in the process of SVZ-NPC ectopic migration in demyelinating conditions. Moreover, we find that the number of SVZ-NPCs recruited by the lesion increases in Sli1–/– mice compared to Slit1+/− mice, leading to higher numbers of Olig2+ cells within the lesion. Time-lapse video-microscopy of immuno-purified NPCs shows that Slit1-deficient cells migrate faster and make more frequent directional changes than control NPCs, supporting a cell-autonomous mechanism of action of Slit1 in NPC migration. In conclusion, while Slit1 does not affect the normal developmental process of oligodendrogenesis and myelination, it regulates adult SVZ-NPC ectopic migration in response to demyelination, and consequently oligodendrocyte renewal within the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Deboux
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - G Spigoni
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - C Caillava
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - B Garcia-Diaz
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - A Ypsilanti
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - N Sarrazin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - C Bachelin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - A Chédotal
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - A Baron-Van Evercooren
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
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22
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Secretome Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Factors Fostering Oligodendroglial Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124350. [PMID: 32570968 PMCID: PMC7352621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted factors have been shown to significantly promote oligodendrogenesis from cultured primary adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Revealing underlying mechanisms of how aNSCs can be fostered to differentiate into a specific cell lineage could provide important insights for the establishment of novel neuroregenerative treatment approaches aiming at myelin repair. However, the nature of MSC-derived differentiation and maturation factors acting on the oligodendroglial lineage has not been identified thus far. In addition to missing information on active ingredients, the degree to which MSC-dependent lineage instruction is functional in vivo also remains to be established. We here demonstrate that MSC-derived factors can indeed stimulate oligodendrogenesis and myelin sheath generation of aNSCs transplanted into different rodent central nervous system (CNS) regions, and furthermore, we provide insights into the underlying mechanism on the basis of a comparative mass spectrometry secretome analysis. We identified a number of secreted proteins known to act on oligodendroglia lineage differentiation. Among them, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) was revealed to be an active component of the MSC-conditioned medium, thus validating our chosen secretome approach.
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23
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Smits LM, Schwamborn JC. Midbrain Organoids: A New Tool to Investigate Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32509785 PMCID: PMC7248385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of human 3D cell culture models not only bridges the gap between traditional 2D in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models, it also addresses processes that cannot be recapitulated by either of these traditional models. Therefore, it offers an opportunity to better understand complex biology including brain development. The brain organoid technology provides a physiologically relevant context, which holds great potential for its application in modeling neurological diseases. Here, we compare different methods to obtain highly specialized structures that resemble specific features of the human midbrain. Regionally patterned neural stem cells (NSCs) were utilized to derive such human midbrain-specific organoids (hMO). The resulting neural tissue exhibited abundant neurons with midbrain dopaminergic neuron identity, as well as astroglia and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Within the midbrain organoids, neurite myelination, and the formation of synaptic connections were observed. Regular neuronal fire patterning and neural network synchronicity were determined by multielectrode array recordings. In addition to electrophysiologically functional neurons producing and secreting dopamine, responsive neuronal subtypes, such as GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons were also detected. In order to model disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD) in vitro, midbrain organoids carrying a disease specific mutation were derived and compared to healthy control organoids to investigate relevant neurodegenerative pathophysiology. In this way midbrain-specific organoids constitute a powerful tool for human-specific in vitro modeling of neurological disorders with a great potential to be utilized in advanced therapy development.
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24
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Kang W, Nguyen KCQ, Hébert JM. Transient Redirection of SVZ Stem Cells to Oligodendrogenesis by FGFR3 Activation Promotes Remyelination. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:1223-1231. [PMID: 31189094 PMCID: PMC6565886 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating oligodendrocyte (OL) production from endogenous progenitor cells is an important strategy for myelin repair and functional restoration after disease or injury-induced demyelination. Subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells are multipotential, generating neurons and oligodendroglia. The factors that regulate the fate of these stem cells are poorly defined. In this study, we show that genetically increasing fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) activity in adult SVZ stem cells transiently and dramatically redirects their differentiation from the neuronal to the oligodendroglial lineage after pathological demyelination. The increased SVZ-derived oligodendrogenesis leads to improved OL regeneration and myelin repair, not only in the corpus callosum (a normal destination for SVZ-derived oligodendroglial cells), but also in the lower cortical layers. This study identifies FGF signaling as a potent target for improving endogenous SVZ-derived OL regeneration and remyelination. Adult neuronal progenitors with increased FGFR activity switch to gliogenesis in vivo FGFR-induced increase in OPCs (30-fold) and oligodendrocytes (10-fold) is reversible FGFR-induced increase in oligodendrocytes results in remyelination after chronic insult
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ken C Q Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jean M Hébert
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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25
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Du X, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Zhou J. Differential Modulators of NG2-Glia Differentiation into Neurons and Glia and Their Crosstalk. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1-15. [PMID: 32285247 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the fifth main cell population in the brain, NG2-glia are also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells. NG2-glia express receptors and ion channels for fast modulation of neuronal activities and signaling with neuronal synapses, which are of functional significance in both physiological and pathological states. NG2-glia also participate in fast signaling with peripheral neurons via direct synaptic contacts in the brain. These distinctive glia have the unique capability of proliferating and differentiating into oligodendrocytes, which are critical for axonal myelination in the early developing brain. In neurodegenerative diseases, NG2-glia play an important role and undergo morphological modification, adapt the expression of their membrane receptors and ion channels, and display gene-modulated cell reprogramming and excitotoxicity-caused cell death. These modifications directly and indirectly influence populations of neurons and other glial cells. NG2-glia regulate their action and dynamics in response to neuronal behavior and disease, indicating a critical function to preserve and remodel myelin in physiological states and to repair it in pathological states. Here, we review in detail the differential modulators of NG2-glia into neurons and astrocytes, as well as interactions of NG2-glia with neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. We will also summarize a future potential exploitation of NG2-glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuang Du
- Department of Scientific Research, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zuo Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiyin Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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26
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Mecha M, Yanguas-Casás N, Feliú A, Mestre L, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Riecken K, Gomez-Nicola D, Guaza C. Involvement of Wnt7a in the role of M2c microglia in neural stem cell oligodendrogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:88. [PMID: 32192522 PMCID: PMC7081569 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The participation of microglia in CNS development and homeostasis indicate that these cells are pivotal for the regeneration that occurs after demyelination. The clearance of myelin debris and the inflammatory-dependent activation of local oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in a demyelinated lesion is dependent on the activation of M2c microglia, which display both phagocytic and healing functions. Emerging interest has been raised about the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in oligodendrogenesis and myelination. Besides, cytokines and growth factors released by microglia can control the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), contributing to remyelination through the oligodendrocyte specification of this adult neurogenic niche. Methods TMEV-IDD model was used to study the contribution of dorsal SVZ stem cells to newly born oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum following demyelination by (i) en-face dorsal SVZ preparations; (ii) immunohistochemistry; and (iii) cellular tracking. By RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of Wnt proteins in demyelinated and remyelinating corpus callosum. Using in vitro approaches with microglia cultures and embryonic NSCs, we studied the role of purified myelin, Wnt proteins, and polarized microglia-conditioned medium to NSC proliferation and differentiation. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test, or a Student’s t test were used to establish statistical significance. Results The demyelination caused by TMEV infection is paralleled by an increase in B1 cells and pinwheels in the dorsal SVZ, resulting in the mobilization of SVZ proliferative progenitors and their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Demyelination decreased the gene expression of Wnt5a and Wnt7a, which was restored during remyelination. In vitro approaches show that Wnt3a enhances NSC proliferation, while Wnt7a and myelin debris promotes oligodendrogenesis from NSCs. As phagocytic M2c microglia secrete Wnt 7a, their conditioned media was found to induce Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in NSCs promoting an oligodendroglial fate. Conclusions We define here the contribution of microglia to Wnt production depending on their activation state, with M1 microglia secreting the Wnt5a protein and M2c microglia secreting Wnt7a. Collectively, our data reveal the role of reparative microglia in NSC oligodendrogenesis with the involvement of Wnt7a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mecha
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Yanguas-Casás
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Present address: Grupo de Investigación en Linfomas, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Feliú
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Mestre
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Carmen Guaza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Inhibitors of Myelination and Remyelination, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, are Upregulated in Human Neurological Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:656-662. [PMID: 32030597 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis and stroke, myelin is destroyed and along with it, the oligodendrocytes that synthesize the myelin. Thus, recovery is limited due to both interruptions in neuronal transmission as well as lack of support for neurons. Although oligodendrocyte progenitor cells remain abundant in the central nervous system, they rarely mature and form new functional myelin in the diseased CNS. In cell culture and in experimental models of demyelinating disease, inhibitory signaling factors decrease myelination and remyelination. One of the most potent of these are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a family of proteins that strongly inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation and myelination in culture. BMPs are highly expressed in the dorsal CNS during pre-natal development and serve to regulate dorsal ventral patterning. Their expression decreases after birth but is significantly increased in rodent demyelination models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, cuprizone ingestion and spinal cord injury. However, until recently, evidence for BMP upregulation in human disease has been scarce. This review discusses new human studies showing that in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases, BMPs are expressed by immune cells invading the CNS as well as resident CNS cell types, mostly astrocytes and microglia. Expression of endogenous BMP antagonists is also regulated. Identification of BMPs in the CNS is correlated with areas of demyelination and inflammation. These studies further support BMP as a potential therapeutic target.
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28
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Bacigaluppi M, Sferruzza G, Butti E, Ottoboni L, Martino G. Endogenous neural precursor cells in health and disease. Brain Res 2019; 1730:146619. [PMID: 31874148 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists in the adult brain of mammals in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). The complex interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic signals provided by cells in the niche but also from distant sources regulate the fate of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) in these sites. This fine regulation is perturbed in aging and in pathological conditions leading to a different NPC behavior, tailored to the specific physio-pathological features. Indeed, NPCs exert in physiological and pathological conditions important neurogenic and non-neurogenic regulatory functions and participate in maintaining and protecting brain tissue homeostasis. In this review, we discuss intrinsic and extrinsic signals that regulate NPC activation and NPC functional role in various homeostatic and non-homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bacigaluppi
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Sferruzza
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Butti
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
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29
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Nakafuku M, Del Águila Á. Developmental dynamics of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain in health and disease: Historical and future perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e369. [PMID: 31825170 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mature mammalian brain has long been thought to be a structurally rigid, static organ since the era of Ramón y Cajal in the early 20th century. Evidence accumulated over the past three decades, however, has completely overturned this long-held view. We now know that new neurons and glia are continuously added to the brain at postnatal stages, even in mature adults of various mammalian species, including humans. Moreover, these newly added cells contribute to structural plasticity and play important roles in higher order brain function, as well as repair after damage. A major source of these new neurons and glia is neural stem cells (NSCs) that persist in specialized niches in the brain throughout life. With this new view, our understanding of normal brain physiology and interventional approaches to various brain disorders has changed markedly in recent years. This article provides a brief overview on the historical changes in our understanding of the developmental dynamics of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the postnatal and adult mammalian brain and discusses the roles of NSCs and other progenitor populations in such cellular dynamics in health and disease of the postnatal mammalian brain. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakafuku
- Divisions of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ángela Del Águila
- Divisions of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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30
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O'Sullivan A, Lange S, Rotheneichner P, Bieler L, Aigner L, Rivera FJ, Couillard-Despres S. Dimethylsulfoxide Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Fate Choice of Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1242. [PMID: 31849577 PMCID: PMC6901908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials address demyelinating diseases via transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Published reports detail that administration of MSCs in patients may provide a beneficial immunomodulation, and that factors secreted by MSCs are potent inducers of oligodendrogenesis. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used in life science and medicine as solvent, vehicle or cryoprotectant for cells used in transplantation. Importantly, most transplantation protocols do not include the removal of DMSO before injecting the cell suspension into patients. This indifferent application of DMSO is coming under increasing scrutiny following reports investigating its potential toxic side-effects. While the impact of DMSO on the central nervous system (CNS) has been partially studied, its effect on oligodendrocytes and oligodendrogenesis has not been addressed yet. Consequently, we evaluated the influence of DMSO on oligodendrogenesis, and on the pro-oligodendrogenic effect of MSCs’ secreted factors, using adult rat neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). Here, we demonstrate that a concentration of 1% DMSO robustly suppressed oligodendrogenesis and drove the fate of differentiating NSPCs toward astrogenesis. Furthermore, the pro-oligodendrogenic effect of MSC-conditioned medium (MSCCM) was also nearly completely abolished by the presence of 1% DMSO. In this condition, inhibition of the Erk1/2 signal transduction pathway and high levels of Id2 expression, a specific inhibitor of oligodendrogenic differentiation, were detected. Furthermore, inflammatory demyelinating diseases may even potentiate the impact of DMSO on oligodendrogenesis. Our results demonstrate the imperative of considering the strong anti-oligodendrogenic activity of DMSO when designing future clinical trial protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O'Sullivan
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simona Lange
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Yavarpour‐Bali H, Nakhaei‐Nejad M, Yazdi A, Ghasemi‐Kasman M. Direct conversion of somatic cells towards oligodendroglial lineage cells: A novel strategy for enhancement of myelin repair. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2023-2036. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azadeh Yazdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi‐Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
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32
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Covacu R, Brundin L. Endogenous spinal cord stem cells in multiple sclerosis and its animal model. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 331:4-10. [PMID: 27884460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian spinal cord (SC) harbors neural stem cells (NSCs). The SC-NSCs are mostly quiescent during physiological conditions but are quickly activated in traumatic injury models. The SC-NSCs generate mostly glia, but are able to differentiate into neurons when affected by favourable conditions. An example is the inflammatory milieu in the SC of rat EAE, where the SC-NSCs migrate into demyelinated lesions and give rise to both glia and neurons. In MS, cells with progenitor phenotypes accumulate in inflammatory lesions both in brain and SC, but the extent to which these cells contribute to repair remains to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Covacu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology R3:04, Center of Molecular Medicine, L8:04, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lou Brundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology R3:04, Center of Molecular Medicine, L8:04, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Neural Stem Cells of the Subventricular Zone Contribute to Neuroprotection of the Corpus Callosum after Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5481-5492. [PMID: 31138656 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0227-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin loss occurring in demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, is the leading cause of long-lasting neurological disability in adults. While endogenous remyelination, driven by resident oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), might partially compensate myelin loss in the early phases of demyelinating disorders, this spontaneous reparative potential fails at later stages. To investigate the cellular mechanisms sustaining endogenous remyelination in demyelinating disorders, we focused our attention on endogenous neural precursor cells (eNPCs) located within the subventricular zone (SVZ) since this latter area is considered one of the primary sources of new OPCs in the adult forebrain. First, we fate mapped SVZ-eNPCs in cuprizone-induced demyelination and found that SVZ endogenous neural stem/precursor cells are recruited during the remyelination phase to the corpus callosum (CC) and are capable of forming new oligodendrocytes. When we ablated SVZ-derived eNPCs during cuprizone-induced demyelination in female mice, the animals displayed reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes within the lesioned CC. Although this reduction in oligodendrocytes did not impact the ensuing remyelination, eNPC-ablated mice experienced increased axonal loss. Our results indicate that, in toxic models of demyelination, SVZ-derived eNPCs contribute to support axonal survival.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT One of the significant challenges in MS research is to understand the detrimental mechanisms leading to the failure of CNS tissue regeneration during disease progression. One possible explanation is the inability of recruited oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to complete remyelination and to sustain axonal survival. The contribution of endogenous neural precursor cells (eNPCs) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) to generate new OPCs in the lesion site has been debated. Using transgenic mice to fate map and to selectively kill SVZ-derived eNPCs in the cuprizone demyelination model, we observed migration of SVZ-eNPCs after injury and their contribution to oligodendrogenesis and axonal survival. We found that eNPCs are dispensable for remyelination but protect partially from increased axonal loss.
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Silva ME, Lange S, Hinrichsen B, Philp AR, Reyes CR, Halabi D, Mansilla JB, Rotheneichner P, Guzman de la Fuente A, Couillard-Despres S, Bátiz LF, Franklin RJM, Aigner L, Rivera FJ. Pericytes Favor Oligodendrocyte Fate Choice in Adult Neural Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:85. [PMID: 30971893 PMCID: PMC6446960 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Upon demyelination, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are activated and they proliferate, migrate and differentiate into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Besides OPCs, neural stem cells (NSCs) may respond to demyelination and generate oligodendrocytes. We have recently shown that CNS-resident pericytes (PCs) respond to demyelination, proliferate and secrete Laminin alpha2 (Lama2) that, in turn, enhances OPC differentiation. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether PCs influence the fate choice of NSCs in vitro, towards the production of new myelin-producing cells. Indeed, upon exposure to conditioned medium derived from PCs (PC-CM), the majority of NSCs gave rise to GalC- and myelin basic protein (MBP)-expressing oligodendrocytes at the expense of the generation of GFAP-positive astrocytes. Consistent with these findings, PC-CM induces an increase in the expression of the oligodendrocyte fate determinant Olig2, while the expression level of the astrocyte determinant ID2 is decreased. Finally, pre-incubation of PC-CM with an anti-Lama2 antibody prevented the generation of oligodendrocytes. Our findings indicate that PCs-derived Lama2 instructs NSCs to an oligodendrocyte fate choice favoring the generation of myelin-producing cells at the expense of astrocytes in vitro. Further studies aiming to reveal the role of PCs during remyelination may pave the way for the development of new therapies for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Simona Lange
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bryan Hinrichsen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Amber R Philp
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina R Reyes
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Josselyne B Mansilla
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alerie Guzman de la Fuente
- Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis F Bátiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Tong XK, Trigiani LJ, Hamel E. High cholesterol triggers white matter alterations and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of cerebrovascular disease: benefits of simvastatin. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 30692517 PMCID: PMC6349936 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF mice) display impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral hypoperfusion and neurovascular uncoupling, but no overt cognitive deficits until old age. Cardiovascular diseases are a major risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). We investigated the impact of a high cholesterol diet (HCD) on cerebrovascular and cognitive function in adult (6 months) and aged (12 months) TGF mice, together with the potential benefit of simvastatin (SV), an anti-cholesterol drug with pleiotropic effects, in adult mice. HCD increased blood, but not brain, cholesterol levels in treated mice, which SV did not reduce. In WT mice, HCD induced small, albeit significant, impairment in endothelium-dependent dilatory function. In TGF mice, HCD worsened the established brain vessel dilatory dysfunction in an age-dependent manner and increased the number of string vessels in the white matter (WM), alterations respectively normalized and significantly countered by SV. HCD triggered cognitive decline only in TGF mice at both ages, a deficit prevented by SV. Concurrently, HCD upregulated galectin−3 immunoreactivity in WM microglial cells, a response significantly reduced in SV-treated TGF mice. Grey matter astrogliosis and microgliosis were not affected by HCD or SV. In the subventricular zone of adult HCD-treated TGF mice, SV promoted oligogenesis and migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The results demonstrate that an underlying cerebrovascular pathology increases vulnerability to cognitive failure when combined to another risk factor for dementia, and that WM alterations are associated with this loss of function. The results further indicate that myelin repair mechanisms, as triggered by SV, may bear promise in preventing or delaying cognitive decline related to VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Kang Tong
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada
| | - Lianne J Trigiani
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), particularly, in young adults. Current MS treatments aim to reduce demyelination; however, these have limited efficacy, display side effects and lack of regenerative activities. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) represents the major source for new myelin. Upon demyelination, OPCs get activated, proliferate, migrate towards the lesion, and differentiate into remyelinating oligodendrocytes. Although myelin repair (remyelination) represents a robust response to myelin damage, during MS, this regenerative phenomenon decays in efficiency or even fails. CNS-resident pericytes (CNS-PCs) are essential for vascular homeostasis regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and stability as well as endothelial cells (ECs) function during angiogenesis and neovascularization. Recent studies indicate that CNS-PCs also play a crucial role regulating OPC function during remyelination, and very importantly, these cells are substantially affected in MS. This chapter summarizes important aspects of MS and CNS remyelination as well as it provides new insights supporting the contribution of CNS-PCs to myelin regeneration and to MS pathology. Currently, there is evidence arguing in favor of CNS-PCs as novel therapeutic targets for the development of future treatments for MS.
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Ulanska-Poutanen J, Mieczkowski J, Zhao C, Konarzewska K, Kaza B, Pohl HB, Bugajski L, Kaminska B, Franklin RJ, Zawadzka M. Injury-induced perivascular niche supports alternative differentiation of adult rodent CNS progenitor cells. eLife 2018; 7:30325. [PMID: 30222103 PMCID: PMC6141235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following CNS demyelination, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are able to differentiate into either remyelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) or remyelinating Schwann cells (SCs). However, the signals that determine which type of remyelinating cell is generated and the underlying mechanisms involved have not been identified. Here, we show that distinctive microenvironments created in discrete niches within demyelinated white matter determine fate decisions of adult OPCs. By comparative transcriptome profiling we demonstrate that an ectopic, injury-induced perivascular niche is enriched with secreted ligands of the BMP and Wnt signalling pathways, produced by activated OPCs and endothelium, whereas reactive astrocyte within non-vascular area express the dual BMP/Wnt antagonist Sostdc1. The balance of BMP/Wnt signalling network is instructive for OPCs to undertake fate decision shortly after their activation: disruption of the OPCs homeostasis during demyelination results in BMP4 upregulation, which, in the absence of Socstdc1, favours SCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ulanska-Poutanen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Konarzewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hartmut Bf Pohl
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukasz Bugajski
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robin Jm Franklin
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Zawadzka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Choi MR, Chun JW, Kwak SM, Bang SH, Jin YB, Lee Y, Kim HN, Chang KT, Chai YG, Lee SR, Kim DJ. Effects of acute and chronic methamphetamine administration on cynomolgus monkey hippocampus structure and cellular transcriptome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Serwanski DR, Rasmussen AL, Brunquell CB, Perkins SS, Nishiyama A. Sequential Contribution of Parenchymal and Neural Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells toward Remyelination. NEUROGLIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 1:91-105. [PMID: 30662979 PMCID: PMC6335037 DOI: 10.3390/neuroglia1010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian forebrain, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2 glia are distributed ubiquitously throughout the gray and white matter. They remain proliferative and continuously generate myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout life. In response to a demyelinating insult, OPCs proliferate rapidly and differentiate into oligodendrocytes which contribute to myelin repair. In addition to OPCs, neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) also contribute to remyelinating oligodendrocytes, particularly in demyelinated lesions in the vicinity of the SVZ, such as the corpus callosum. To determine the relative contribution of local OPCs and NSC-derived cells toward myelin repair, we performed genetic fate mapping of OPCs and NSCs and compared their ability to generate oligodendrocytes after acute demyelination in the corpus callosum created by local injection of α-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). We have found that local OPCs responded rapidly to acute demyelination, expanded in the lesion within seven days, and produced oligodendrocytes by two weeks after lesioning. By contrast, NSC-derived NG2 cells did not significantly increase in the lesion until four weeks after demyelination and generated fewer oligodendrocytes than parenchymal OPCs. These observations suggest that local OPCs could function as the primary responders to repair acutely demyelinated lesion, and that NSCs in the SVZ contribute to repopulating OPCs following their depletion due to oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Serwanski
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Andrew L Rasmussen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Christopher B Brunquell
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Scott S Perkins
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Sarubbo F, Moranta D, Pani G. Dietary polyphenols and neurogenesis: Molecular interactions and implication for brain ageing and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:456-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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El Waly B, Cayre M, Durbec P. Promoting Myelin Repair through In Vivo Neuroblast Reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1492-1504. [PMID: 29606615 PMCID: PMC5995160 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is frequently observed in a variety of CNS insults and neurodegenerative diseases. In rodents, adult neural stem cells can generate oligodendrocytes and participate to myelin repair. However, these cells mainly produce migratory neuroblasts that differentiate in the olfactory bulb. Here, we show that, in the demyelination context, a small subset of these neuroblasts can spontaneously convert into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the contribution of neuroblasts to myelin repair can be improved by in vivo forced expression of two transcription factors: OLIG2 and SOX10. These factors promote directed fate conversion of endogenous subventricular zone neuroblasts into mature functional oligodendrocytes, leading to enhanced remyelination in a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination. These findings highlight the unexpected plasticity of committed neuroblasts and provide proof of concept that they could be targeted for the treatment of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain. Sox10 and Olig2 convert endogenous neuroblasts into myelinating oligodendrocytes Converted cells migrate to the corpus callosum, striatum, and cortex Converted cells produce myelin and participate to the formation of node of Ranvier Forced neuroblast conversion improves myelin regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal El Waly
- 1-Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Myriam Cayre
- 1-Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Pascale Durbec
- 1-Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
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42
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Gundelach J, Koch M. Redirection of neuroblast migration from the rostral migratory stream into a lesion in the prefrontal cortex of adult rats. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1181-1191. [PMID: 29468384 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical treatment of structural brain damage today is largely limited to symptomatic approaches and the avoidance of secondary injury. However, neuronal precursor cells are constantly produced within specified regions of the mammalian brain throughout life. Here we evaluate the potential of the known chemoattractive properties of the glycoprotein laminin on neuroblasts to relocate the cells into damaged brain areas. Injection of a thin laminin tract, leading from the rostral migratory stream to an excitotoxic lesion within the medial prefrontal cortex of rats, enabled neuroblasts to migrate away from their physiological route towards the olfactory bulb into the lesion site. Once they reached the damaged tissue, they migrated further in a non-uniform orientation within the lesion. Furthermore, our data indicate that the process of diverted migration is still active 6 weeks after the treatment and that at least some of the neuroblasts are capable of maturing into adult neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Gundelach
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
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Eixarch H, Calvo-Barreiro L, Montalban X, Espejo C. Bone morphogenetic proteins in multiple sclerosis: Role in neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:1-10. [PMID: 28249802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors that represent the largest subgroup of signalling ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. Their participation in the proliferation, survival and cell fate of several cell types and their involvement in many pathological conditions are now well known. BMP expression is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, suggesting that BMPs have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. MS is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is a complex pathological condition in which genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors converge, although its aetiology remains elusive. Multifunctional molecules, such as BMPs, are extremely interesting in the field of MS because they are involved in the regulation of several adult tissues, including the CNS and the immune system. In this review, we discuss the extensive data available regarding the role of BMP signalling in neuronal progenitor/stem cell fate and focus on the participation and expression of BMPs in CNS demyelination. Additionally, we provide an overview of the involvement of BMPs as modulators of the immune system, as this subject has not been thoroughly explored even though it is of great interest in autoimmune disorders. Moreover, we describe the data on BMP signalling in autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases, including MS and its experimental models. Thus, we aim to provide an integrated view of the putative role of BMPs in MS pathogenesis and to open the field for the further development of alternative therapeutic strategies for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Following the establishment of a number of successful immunomodulatory treatments for multiple sclerosis, current research focuses on the repair of existing damage. RECENT FINDINGS Promotion of regeneration is particularly important for demyelinated areas with degenerated or functionally impaired axons of the central nervous system's white and gray matter. As the protection and generation of new oligodendrocytes is a key to the re-establishment of functional connections, adult oligodendrogenesis and myelin reconstitution processes are of primary interest. Moreover, understanding, supporting and promoting endogenous repair activities such as mediated by resident oligodendroglial precursor or adult neural stem cells are currently thought to be a promising approach toward the development of novel regenerative therapies. SUMMARY This review summarizes recent developments and findings related to pharmacological myelin repair as well as to the modulation/application of stem cells with the aim to restore defective myelin sheaths.
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Newville J, Jantzie LL, Cunningham LA. Embracing oligodendrocyte diversity in the context of perinatal injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1575-1585. [PMID: 29171412 PMCID: PMC5696828 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population. Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins, maturational stages, and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury. One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin. Myelin abnormalities have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries, with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation. Within this review, we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury. Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Newville
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lee Anna Cunningham
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Inhibition of neurogenesis in a case of Marburg variant multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 18:71-76. [PMID: 29141824 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neural stem cells (NSC) are located essentially in the subventricular zone (SVZ), subgranular zone (SGZ), and along the central canal of the spinal cord. These cells can proliferate in vitro and differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astroglia, thus contributing to repair in multiple sclerosis (MS). We conducted a pathological study to analyse neurogenic response in a patient with Marburg variant MS. METHODS We present the case of a 27-year-old immunocompetent patient with Marburg variant MS, a fulminant form of the disease. The condition lasted 20 days. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms and MRI showed demyelinating lesions located in subependymal areas and histopathological findings. Neurogenic niches (SVZ and dentate gyrus) were analysed by confocal microscopy using markers of proliferation (Ki-67, PCNA), neuroblasts (PSA-NCAM, DCX, Tuj1), stem cells (Nestin, GFAPδ, SOX2, PAX6, Musashi), astrocytes (GFAP, AQ4), oligodendrocytes (NG2, Olig), microglia and cell infiltrates (IBA-1, CD68, MHCII), and cell death (TUNEL). RESULTS Expression of the markers GFAPδ, SOX2, and PAX6 in NSC was found to be very low. Likewise, markers of proliferation (Ki-67) and intermediate precursors (NG2) were also reduced. This lack of markers of the first stages of cell differentiation means that neurogenesis is inhibited even in very early stages of the disease. CONCLUSION Inhibition of neurogenesis in our patient, which cannot be explained by the fulminant nature of his symptoms, may be related to inflammation and immune response. This finding may further our knowledge of repair mechanisms in MS.
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Sabo JK, Heine V, Silbereis JC, Schirmer L, Levison SW, Rowitch DH. Olig1 is required for noggin-induced neonatal myelin repair. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:560-571. [PMID: 28253550 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonatal white matter injury (NWMI) is a lesion found in preterm infants that can lead to cerebral palsy. Although antagonists of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, such as Noggin, promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) production after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury, the downstream functional targets are poorly understood. The basic helix-loop-helix protein, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1), promotes oligodendrocyte (OL) development and is essential during remyelination in adult mice. Here, we investigated whether Olig1 function is required downstream of BMP antagonism for response to injury in the neonatal brain. METHODS We used wild-type and Olig1-null mice subjected to neonatal stroke and postnatal neural progenitor cultures, and we analyzed Olig1 expression in human postmortem samples from neonates that suffered HI encephalopathy (HIE). RESULTS Olig1-null neonatal mice showed significant hypomyelination after moderate neonatal stroke. Surprisingly, damaged white matter tracts in Olig1-null mice lacked Olig2+ OPCs, and instead proliferating neuronal precursors and GABAergic interneurons were present. We demonstrate that Noggin-induced OPC production requires Olig1 function. In postnatal neural progenitors, Noggin governs production of OLs versus interneurons through Olig1-mediated repression of Dlx1/2 transcription factors. Additionally, we observed that Olig1 and the BMP signaling effector, phosphorylated SMADs (Sma- and Mad-related proteins) 1, 5, and 8, were elevated in the subventricular zone of human infants with HIE compared to controls. INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that Olig1 has a critical function in regulation of postnatal neural progenitor cell production in response to Noggin. Ann Neurol 2017;81:560-571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vivi Heine
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John C Silbereis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steven W Levison
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Plemel JR, Liu WQ, Yong VW. Remyelination therapies: a new direction and challenge in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:617-634. [PMID: 28685761 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammatory activity that results in destruction of the myelin sheaths that enwrap axons. The currently available medications for multiple sclerosis are predominantly immune-modulating and do not directly promote repair. White matter regeneration, or remyelination, is a new and exciting potential approach to treating multiple sclerosis, as remyelination repairs the damaged regions of the central nervous system. A wealth of new strategies in animal models that promote remyelination, including the repopulation of oligodendrocytes that produce myelin, has led to several clinical trials to test new reparative therapies. In this Review, we highlight the biology of, and obstacles to, remyelination. We address new strategies to improve remyelination in preclinical models, highlight the therapies that are currently undergoing clinical trials and discuss the challenges of objectively measuring remyelination in trials of repair in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Plemel
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wei-Qiao Liu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Jones KS, Connor B. Endogenous Brain Repair: Overriding intrinsic lineage determinates through injury-induced micro-environmental signals. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:1-5. [PMID: 28596976 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1297881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult human neurogenesis has generated excitement over the last 2 decades with the idea that endogenous adult stem cells could act as a potential cell source for brain repair after injury. Indeed, many forms of experimentally induced brain injury including stroke and excitotoxic lesioning can promote proliferation from the subventricular zone and mobilise neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to migrate through brain parenchyma to damaged regions. However the failure of neuroblasts to mature into appropriate neuronal subtypes for cell replacement has been an issue. Recent work by our group and others has indicated that micro-environmental signals released from areas of cell loss may be able to override intrinsic gene expression lineages and covert neuroblasts into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. This commentary will discuss the enhanced fate plasticity of both adult neural progenitors and parenchymal NG2 cells after injury, and the importance of understanding brain-injury induced micro-environmental signals in the quest toward promoting endogenous regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Derivation of Human Midbrain-Specific Organoids from Neuroepithelial Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1144-1154. [PMID: 28416282 PMCID: PMC5425618 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on human brain development and neurological diseases is limited by the lack of advanced experimental in vitro models that truly recapitulate the complexity of the human brain. Here, we describe a robust human brain organoid system that is highly specific to the midbrain derived from regionally patterned neuroepithelial stem cells. These human midbrain organoids contain spatially organized groups of dopaminergic neurons, which make them an attractive model for the study of Parkinson's disease. Midbrain organoids are characterized in detail for neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Furthermore, we show the presence of synaptic connections and electrophysiological activity. The complexity of this model is further highlighted by the myelination of neurites. The present midbrain organoid system has the potential to be used for advanced in vitro disease modeling and therapy development.
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