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Basu AP, Low K, Ratnaike T, Rowitch D. Genetic investigations in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024. [PMID: 39208295 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.16080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The original description of cerebral palsy (CP) contained case histories suggesting that perinatal environmental stressors resulted in brain injury and neurodevelopmental disability. While there are clear associations between environmental impact on brain development and CP, recent studies indicate an 11% to 40% incidence of monogenic conditions in patients given a diagnosis of CP. A genetic diagnosis supports the delivery of personalized medicine. In this review, we describe how the Wnt pathway exemplifies our understanding of pathophysiology related to a gene variant (CTNNB1) found in some children diagnosed with CP. We cover studies undertaken to establish the baseline prevalence of monogenic conditions in populations attending CP clinics. We list factors indicating increased likelihood of a genomic diagnosis; and we highlight the need for a comprehensive, accurate, genotype-phenotype reference data set to aid variant interpretation in CP cohorts. We also consider the wider societal implications of genomic management of CP including significance of the diagnostic label, benefits and pitfalls of a genetic diagnosis, logistics, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Basu
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Low
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Thiloka Ratnaike
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Paediatrics, Colchester Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK
| | - David Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Yin C, Luo K, Zhu X, Zheng R, Wang Y, Yu G, Wang X, She F, Chen X, Li T, Chen J, Bian B, Su Y, Niu J, Wang Y. Fluoxetine Rescues Excessive Myelin Formation and Psychological Behaviors in a Murine PTSD Model. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:1037-1052. [PMID: 39014176 PMCID: PMC11306862 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder notable for traumatic experience memory. Although current first-line treatments are linked with clinically important symptom reduction, a large proportion of patients retained to experience considerable residual symptoms, indicating pathogenic mechanism should be illustrated further. Recent studies reported that newly formed myelin could shape neural circuit function and be implicated in fear memory preservation. However, its role in PTSD remains to be elucidated. In this study, we adopted a restraint stress-induced PTSD mouse model and found that PTSD-related neuropsychiatric symptoms were accompanied by increased myelination in the posterior parietal cortex and hippocampus. Fluoxetine, but not risperidone or sertraline, has a more profound rescue effect on neuropsychological behaviors and myelin abnormalities. Further mechanistic experiments revealed that fluoxetine could directly interfere with oligodendroglial differentiation by upregulating Wnt signaling. Our data demonstrated the correlation between PTSD and abnormal myelination, suggesting that the oligodendroglial lineage could be a target for PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kefei Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ronghang Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Central Medical Branch of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guangdan Yu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei She
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Baduojie Bian
- Army 953 Hospital, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Shigatse, 857000, China
| | - Yixun Su
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Army 953 Hospital, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Shigatse, 857000, China.
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3
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Ma Z, Zhang W, Wang C, Su Y, Yi C, Niu J. A New Acquaintance of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in the Central Nervous System. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01261-8. [PMID: 39042298 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a heterogeneous multipotent population in the central nervous system (CNS) that appear during embryogenesis and persist as resident cells in the adult brain parenchyma. OPCs could generate oligodendrocytes to participate in myelination. Recent advances have renewed our knowledge of OPC biology by discovering novel markers of oligodendroglial cells, the myelin-independent roles of OPCs, and the regulatory mechanism of OPC development. In this review, we will explore the updated knowledge on OPC identity, their multifaceted roles in the CNS in health and diseases, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that are involved in their developmental stages, which hopefully would contribute to a further understanding of OPCs and attract attention in the field of OPC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chenmeng Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yixun Su
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active substance screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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4
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Boccazzi M, Macchiarulo G, Lebon S, Janowska J, Le Charpentier T, Faivre V, Hua J, Marangon D, Lecca D, Fumagalli M, Mani S, Abbracchio MP, Gressens P, Schang AL, Van Steenwinckel J. G protein-coupled receptor 17 is regulated by WNT pathway during oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106315. [PMID: 37783234 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) and the WNT pathway are critical players of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation acting as essential timers in developing brain to achieve fully-myelinating cells. However, whether and how these two systems are related to each other is still unknown. Of interest, both factors are dysregulated in developing and adult brain diseases, including white matter injury and cancer, making the understanding of their reciprocal interactions of potential importance for identifying new targets and strategies for myelin repair. Here, by a combined pharmacological and biotechnological approach, we examined regulatory mechanisms linking WNT signaling to GPR17 expression in OLs. We first analyzed the relative expression of mRNAs encoding for GPR17 and the T cell factor/Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (TCF/LEF) transcription factors of the canonical WNT/β-CATENIN pathway, in PDGFRα+ and O4+ OLs during mouse post-natal development. In O4+ cells, Gpr17 mRNA level peaked at post-natal day 14 and then decreased concomitantly to the physiological uprise of WNT tone, as shown by increased Lef1 mRNA level. The link between WNT signaling and GPR17 expression was further reinforced in vitro in primary PDGFRα+ cells and in Oli-neu cells. High WNT tone impaired OL differentiation and drastically reduced GPR17 mRNA and protein levels. In Oli-neu cells, WNT/β-CATENIN activation repressed Gpr17 promoter activity through both putative WNT response elements (WRE) and upregulation of the inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (Id2). We conclude that the WNT pathway influences OL maturation by repressing GPR17, which could have implications in pathologies characterized by dysregulations of the OL lineage including multiple sclerosis and oligodendroglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boccazzi
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sophie Lebon
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Justyna Janowska
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France; NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Valérie Faivre
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Hua
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Davide Marangon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Shyamala Mani
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR 1153 CRESS, Paris, France.
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5
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van Eyk CL, Fahey MC, Gecz J. Redefining cerebral palsies as a diverse group of neurodevelopmental disorders with genetic aetiology. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:542-555. [PMID: 37537278 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a clinical descriptor covering a diverse group of permanent, non-degenerative disorders of motor function. Around one-third of cases have now been shown to have an underlying genetic aetiology, with the genetic landscape overlapping with those of neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability, epilepsy, speech and language disorders and autism. Here we review the current state of genomic testing in cerebral palsy, highlighting the benefits for personalized medicine and the imperative to consider aetiology during clinical diagnosis. With earlier clinical diagnosis now possible, we emphasize the opportunity for comprehensive and early genomic testing as a crucial component of the routine diagnostic work-up in people with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L van Eyk
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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6
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Osorio MJ, Mariani JN, Zou L, Schanz SJ, Heffernan K, Cornwell A, Goldman SA. Glial progenitor cells of the adult human white and grey matter are contextually distinct. Glia 2023; 71:524-540. [PMID: 36334067 PMCID: PMC10100527 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Genomic analyses have revealed heterogeneity among glial progenitor cells (GPCs), but the compartment selectivity of human GPCs (hGPCs) is unclear. Here, we asked if GPCs of human grey and white brain matter are distinct in their architecture and associated gene expression. RNA profiling of NG2-defined hGPCs derived from adult human neocortex and white matter differed in their expression of genes involved in Wnt, NOTCH, BMP and TGFβ signaling, suggesting compartment-selective biases in fate and self-renewal. White matter hGPCs over-expressed the BMP antagonists BAMBI and CHRDL1, suggesting their tonic suppression of astrocytic fate relative to cortical hGPCs, whose relative enrichment of cytoskeletal genes presaged their greater morphological complexity. In human glial chimeric mice, cortical hGPCs assumed larger and more complex morphologies than white matter hGPCs, and both were more complex than their mouse counterparts. These findings suggest that human grey and white matter GPCs comprise context-specific pools with distinct functional biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joana Osorio
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John N Mariani
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Zou
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Steven J Schanz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kate Heffernan
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Adam Cornwell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Hou H, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang Y. Exosomal miR-128-3p reversed fibrinogen-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination after cerebral ischemia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1405-1422. [PMID: 36756722 PMCID: PMC10068474 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of exosomal miR-128-3p in promoting fibrinogen-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and the therapeutic potential of exosomal miR-128-3p in cerebral ischemia. METHODS Mouse models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were established as described previously. MCAO was treated with fibrinogen and exosomes by stereotactically injecting into the left stratum. Mouse cortical OPCs were used for mRNA and miRNA sequencing analysis. Exosomes were isolated from neural stem cells (NSCs) of mice. RESULTS Fibrinogen deposition suppressed remyelination after MCAO and inhibited OPC differentiation by activating ACVR1, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling type I receptor. In vitro, miR-sequencing and verification studies revealed that miR-128-3p is associated with BMP signaling mediated by ACVR1. Additionally, transfer of NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p to OPCs significantly increased myelin basic protein expression and inhibited BMP signaling. Furthermore, NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p protected against fibrinogen-induced demyelination related to BMP signaling, reduced the infarct volume, and improved neurological function after MCAO. CONCLUSIONS Fibrinogen deposition inhibits remyelination after ischemic damage and NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p promotes OPC differentiation into OLs by suppressing BMP signaling, indicating that NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p represents a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Dimovasili C, Fair AE, Garza IR, Batterman KV, Mortazavi F, Moore TL, Rosene DL. Aging compromises oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and efficient remyelination in the monkey brain. GeroScience 2023; 45:249-264. [PMID: 35930094 PMCID: PMC9886778 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated cognitive decline is common among otherwise healthy elderly people, even in the absence of Alzheimer's disease and neuron loss. Instead, white matter loss and myelin damage are strongly associated with cognitive decline. Myelin is subject to lifelong oxidative stress that damages the myelin sheath, which is repaired by cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage. This process is mediated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that sense the damage and respond by proliferating locally and migrating to the region, where they differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. In aging, extensive myelin damage, in combination with inefficient remyelination, leads to chronically damaged myelin and loss of efficient neuronal conduction. This study used the rhesus monkey model of normal aging to examine how myelin regeneration capacity is affected by age. Results show that older subjects have reduced numbers of new BCAS1 + myelinating oligodendrocytes, which are newly formed cells, and that this reduction is associated with poorer cognitive performance. Interestingly, this does not result from limited proliferation of progenitor OPCs. Instead, the transcription factor NKX2.2, which regulates OPCs differentiation, is significantly decreased in aged OPCs. This suggests that these OPCs have a diminished potential for differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, mature oligodendrocytes have reduced RNA expression of two essential myelin protein markers, MBP and PLP. These data collectively suggest that in the normal aging brain, there is a reduction in regenerative OPCs as well as myelin production that impairs the capacity for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dimovasili
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ashley E Fair
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabella R Garza
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katelyn V Batterman
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farzad Mortazavi
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Guo F, Wang Y. TCF7l2, a nuclear marker that labels premyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes oligodendroglial lineage progression. Glia 2023; 71:143-154. [PMID: 35841271 PMCID: PMC9772070 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and basic neuroscience research is greatly benefited from the identification and characterization of lineage specific and developmental stage-specific markers. In the glial research community, histological markers that specifically label newly differentiated premyelinating oligodendrocytes are still scarce. Premyelinating oligodendrocyte markers, especially those of nuclear localization, enable researchers to easily quantify the rate of oligodendrocyte generation regardless of developmental ages. We propose that the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7l2, mouse gene symbol Tcf7l2) is a useful nuclear marker that specifically labels newly generated premyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes oligodendroglial lineage progression. Here, we highlight the controversial research history of TCF7l2 expression and function in oligodendroglial field and discuss previous experimental data justifying TCF7l2 as a specific nuclear marker for premyelinating oligodendrocytes during developmental myelination and remyelination. We conclude that TCF7l2 can be used alone or combined with pan-oligodendroglial lineage markers to identify newly differentiated or newly regenerated oligodendrocytes and quantify the rate of oligodendrocyte generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzheng Guo
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine University of California Davis School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Sacramento California USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine University of California Davis School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Sacramento California USA
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10
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Duncan GJ, Emery B. End of the road: Astrocyte endfeet regulate OPC migration and myelination. Neuron 2023; 111:139-141. [PMID: 36657394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) use the vasculature as a scaffold for their migration. In this issue of Neuron, Su et al. determine that astrocytic ensheathment of the vasculature mediates OPC detachment from blood vessels via the secretion of semaphorins, regulating the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Duncan
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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11
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Perdomo-Sabogal A, Trakooljul N, Hadlich F, Murani E, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. DNA methylation landscapes from pig's limbic structures underline regulatory mechanisms relevant for brain plasticity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16293. [PMID: 36175587 PMCID: PMC9522933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dynamics are essential for reconciling stress-induced responses in neuro-endocrine routes between the limbic brain and adrenal gland. CpG methylation associates with the initiation and end of regulatory mechanisms underlying responses critical for survival, and learning. Using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, we identified methylation changes of functional relevance for mediating tissue-specific responses in the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and adrenal gland in pigs. We identified 4186 differentially methylated CpGs across all tissues, remarkably, enriched for promoters of transcription factors (TFs) of the homeo domain and zinc finger classes. We also detected 5190 differentially methylated regions (DMRs, 748 Mb), with about half unique to a single pairwise. Two structures, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, displayed 860 unique brain-DMRs, with many linked to regulation of chromatin, nervous development, neurogenesis, and cell-to-cell communication. TF binding motifs for TFAP2A and TFAP2C are enriched amount DMRs on promoters of other TFs, suggesting their role as master regulators, especially for pathways essential in long-term brain plasticity, memory, and stress responses. Our results reveal sets of TF that, together with CpG methylation, may serve as regulatory switches to modulate limbic brain plasticity and brain-specific molecular genetics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Perdomo-Sabogal
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,University Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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12
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Biswas S, Shahriar S, Giangreco NP, Arvanitis P, Winkler M, Tatonetti NP, Brunken WJ, Cutforth T, Agalliu D. Mural Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates Lama2 expression to promote neurovascular unit maturation. Development 2022; 149:dev200610. [PMID: 36098369 PMCID: PMC9578690 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular unit and barrier maturation rely on vascular basement membrane (vBM) composition. Laminins, a major vBM component, are crucial for these processes, yet the signaling pathway(s) that regulate their expression remain unknown. Here, we show that mural cells have active Wnt/β-catenin signaling during central nervous system development in mice. Bulk RNA sequencing and validation using postnatal day 10 and 14 wild-type versus adenomatosis polyposis coli downregulated 1 (Apcdd1-/-) mouse retinas revealed that Lama2 mRNA and protein levels are increased in mutant vasculature with higher Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mural cells are the main source of Lama2, and Wnt/β-catenin activation induces Lama2 expression in mural cells in vitro. Markers of mature astrocytes, including aquaporin 4 (a water channel in astrocyte endfeet) and integrin-α6 (a laminin receptor), are upregulated in Apcdd1-/- retinas with higher Lama2 vBM deposition. Thus, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates Lama2 expression in mural cells to promote neurovascular unit and barrier maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Biswas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sanjid Shahriar
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Giangreco
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Panos Arvanitis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Markus Winkler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Nicholas P. Tatonetti
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William J. Brunken
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Tyler Cutforth
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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13
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Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137300. [PMID: 35806302 PMCID: PMC9266841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype (classically activated) or the M2 phenotype (alternatively activated) is critical in determining the fate of immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). M1 macrophages contribute to neurotoxicity, neuronal and synaptic damage, and oxidative stress and are the first line of defense, and M2 macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to regulate neuroinflammation, clear cell debris, and promote neuroregeneration. Various studies have focused on the ability of natural compounds to promote microglial polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype in several diseases, including NDs. However, studies on the roles of fatty acids in microglial polarization and their implications in NDs are a rare find. Most of the studies support the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in microglial polarization using cell and animal models. Thus, we aimed to collect data and provide a narrative account of microglial types, markers, and studies pertaining to fatty acids, particularly PUFAs, on microglial polarization and their neuroprotective effects. The involvement of only PUFAs in the chosen topic necessitates more in-depth research into the role of unexplored fatty acids in microglial polarization and their mechanistic implications. The review also highlights limitations and future challenges.
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14
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Pathological oligodendrocyte precursor cells revealed in human schizophrenic brains and trigger schizophrenia-like behaviors and synaptic defects in genetic animal model. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:5154-5166. [PMID: 36131044 PMCID: PMC9763102 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the link of white matter to pathophysiology of schizophrenia is documented, loss of myelin is not detected in patients at the early stages of the disease, suggesting that pathological evolution of schizophrenia may occur before significant myelin loss. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) protein is highly expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and regulates their maturation. Recently, DISC1-Δ3, a major DISC1 variant that lacks exon 3, has been identified in schizophrenia patients, although its pathological significance remains unknown. In this study, we detected in schizophrenia patients a previously unidentified pathological phenotype of OPCs exhibiting excessive branching. We replicated this phenotype by generating a mouse strain expressing DISC1-Δ3 gene in OPCs. We further demonstrated that pathological OPCs, rather than myelin defects, drive the onset of schizophrenic phenotype by hyperactivating OPCs' Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which consequently upregulates Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 (Wif1), leading to the aberrant synaptic formation and neuronal activity. Suppressing Wif1 in OPCs rescues synaptic loss and behavioral disorders in DISC1-Δ3 mice. Our findings reveal the pathogenetic role of OPC-specific DISC1-Δ3 variant in the onset of schizophrenia and highlight the therapeutic potential of Wif1 as an alternative target for the treatment of this disease.
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15
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Wang Y, Guo F. Group I PAKs in myelin formation and repair of the central nervous system: what, when, and how. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:615-639. [PMID: 34811887 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are a family of cell division control protein 42/ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Cdc42/Rac1)-activated serine/threonine kinases. Group I PAKs (PAK1-3) have distinct activation mechanisms from group II PAKs (PAK4-6) and are the focus of this review. In transformed cancer cells, PAKs regulate a variety of cellular processes and molecular pathways which are also important for myelin formation and repair in the central nervous system (CNS). De novo mutations in group I PAKs are frequently seen in children with neurodevelopmental defects and white matter anomalies. Group I PAKs regulate virtually every aspect of neuronal development and function. Yet their functions in CNS myelination and remyelination remain incompletely defined. Herein, we highlight the current understanding of PAKs in regulating cellular and molecular pathways and discuss the status of PAK-regulated pathways in oligodendrocyte development. We point out outstanding questions and future directions in the research field of group I PAKs and oligodendrocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shriners Hospitals for Children/School of Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), University of California, Davis, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, U.S.A
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shriners Hospitals for Children/School of Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), University of California, Davis, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, U.S.A
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16
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Xia W, Fancy SPJ. Mechanisms of oligodendrocyte progenitor developmental migration. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:985-996. [PMID: 34643996 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), develop from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that must first migrate extensively throughout the developing brain and spinal cord. Specified at particular times from discrete regions in the developing CNS, OPCs are one of the most migratory of cell types and disperse rapidly. A variety of factors act on OPCs to trigger intracellular changes that regulate their migration. We will discuss factors that act as long-range guidance cues, those that act to regulate cellular motility, and those that are critical in determining the final positioning of OPCs. In addition, recent evidence has identified the vasculature as the physical substrate used by OPCs for their migration. Several new findings relating to this oligodendroglial-vascular signaling axis reveal new insight on the relationship between OPCs and blood vessels in the developing and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Sardar D, Deneen B. Rnf43 is "lord of the ring" finger proteins in remyelination. Neuron 2021; 109:3069-3071. [PMID: 34619086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes is critical for remyelination in the central nervous system after injury. In this issue of Neuron, Niu et al. (2021) detail a novel role for ring finger protein Rnf43, which is expressed in response to injury and is essential to promote remyelination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debosmita Sardar
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Kim B, Hull VL, Xu J, Prabhu P, Gregory M, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Zhan X, Deng W, Guo F. PARP1-mediated PARylation activity is essential for oligodendroglial differentiation and CNS myelination. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109695. [PMID: 34610310 PMCID: PMC9586836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in myelination and remyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) remains enigmatic. Here, we report that PARP1 is an intrinsic driver for oligodendroglial development and myelination. Genetic PARP1 depletion impairs the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes and impedes CNS myelination. Mechanistically, PARP1-mediated PARylation activity is not only necessary but also sufficient for OPC differentiation. At the molecular level, we identify the RNA-binding protein Myef2 as a PARylated target, which controls OPC differentiation through the PARylation-modulated derepression of myelin protein expression. Furthermore, PARP1’s enzymatic activity is necessary for oligodendrocyte and myelin regeneration after demyelination. Together, our findings suggest that PARP1-mediated PARylation activity may be a potential therapeutic target for promoting OPC differentiation and remyelination in neurological disorders characterized by arrested OPC differentiation and remyelination failure such as multiple sclerosis. Wang et al. show that PARP1-mediated PARylation promotes oligodendroglial differentiation and regeneration. They demonstrate that PARP1 PARylates proteins relating to RNA metabolism under physiological conditions and that Myef2 is identified as one of the potential targets that mediates PARP1-regulated myelin gene expression at the posttranscriptional level during oligodendroglial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Vanessa L Hull
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Preeti Prabhu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Maria Gregory
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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19
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Jiang L, Cheng L, Chen H, Dai H, An D, Ma Q, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Hu W, Chen Z. Histamine H2 receptor negatively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152128. [PMID: 32991666 PMCID: PMC7527977 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with the pathological characteristic of white matter injury often leads to lifelong cognitive and neurobehavioral dysfunction, but relevant therapies to promote remyelination are still unavailable. We found that histamine H2 receptor (H2R) negatively regulated the oligodendrocyte differentiation rate without affecting the oligodendrocytes at the oligodendrocyte precursor cell stage or mature stage following oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. Notably, selective deletion of the H2R gene (Hrh2) in differentiating oligodendrocytes (Hrh2fl/fl;CNPase-Cre) improved their differentiation, remyelination, and functional recovery following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in mice. The regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation by H2R is mediated by binding with Axin2, which leads to up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, H2R antagonists also promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination and the recovery of cognition and motor functions following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Thus, histamine H2R in oligodendrocytes could serve as a novel and effective therapeutic target for the retard of oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. The H2R antagonists may have potential therapeutic value for neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dadao An
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Niu J, Yu G, Wang X, Xia W, Wang Y, Hoi KK, Mei F, Xiao L, Chan JR, Fancy SPJ. Oligodendroglial ring finger protein Rnf43 is an essential injury-specific regulator of oligodendrocyte maturation. Neuron 2021; 109:3104-3118.e6. [PMID: 34390652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation arrest in human white matter injury contributes significantly to the failure of endogenous remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) and newborn brain injuries such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) that cause cerebral palsy. In this study, we identify an oligodendroglial-intrinsic factor that controls OL maturation specifically in the setting of injury. We find a requirement for the ring finger protein Rnf43 not in normal development but in neonatal hypoxic injury and remyelination in the adult mammalian CNS. Rnf43, but not the related Znrf3, is potently activated by Wnt signaling in OL progenitor cells (OPCs) and marks activated OPCs in human MS and HIE. Rnf43 is required in an injury-specific context, and it promotes OPC differentiation through negative regulation of Wnt signal strength in OPCs at the level of Fzd1 receptor presentation on the cell surface. Inhibition of Fzd1 using UM206 promotes remyelination following ex vivo and in vivo demyelinating injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Guangdan Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenlong Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kimberly K Hoi
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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21
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[Role and mechanism of circular RNA in brain injury induced by inflammation in preterm mice: a preliminary study]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23. [PMID: 34266532 PMCID: PMC8292664 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of circular RNA (circRNA) and circRNA-microRNA (miRNA) network regulation with brain injury induced by inflammation in preterm mice. METHODS Pregnant mice were treated with intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide to establish a preterm mouse model of brain injury induced by inflammation (inflammation preterm group with 3 mice). Preterm mice born to normal pregnant mice by cesarean section were selected as controls (non-inflammation preterm group with 3 mice). The gene microarray technique was used to screen out the circRNAs associated with brain injury in preterm mice. The miRNA target prediction software was used to predict the binding sites between circRNAs and miRNAs and analyze the regulatory mechanism. RESULTS A total of 365 differentially expressed circRNAs were screened out between the inflammation preterm and non-inflammation preterm groups (fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05), among which there were 206 upregulated circRNAs and 159 downregulated circRNAs. Further analysis of the circRNAs with a fold change of > 4 showed that these circRNAs could bind to miRNAs and regulate their activity, thereby regulating the expression of the genes associated with the nervous system. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation induces a significant change in the expression profile of circRNAs in the brain tissue of mice, and the change in the expression of circRNAs plays an important role in brain injury induced by inflammation and subsequent brain development in preterm mice.
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22
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Zou S, Hu B. In vivo imaging reveals mature Oligodendrocyte division in adult Zebrafish. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:16. [PMID: 34075520 PMCID: PMC8169745 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whether mature oligodendrocytes (mOLs) participate in remyelination has been disputed for several decades. Recently, some studies have shown that mOLs participate in remyelination by producing new sheaths. However, whether mOLs can produce new oligodendrocytes by asymmetric division has not been proven. Zebrafish is a perfect model to research remyelination compared to other species. In this study, optic nerve crushing did not induce local mOLs death. After optic nerve transplantation from olig2:eGFP fish to AB/WT fish, olig2+ cells from the donor settled and rewrapped axons in the recipient. After identifying these rewrapping olig2+ cells as mOLs at 3 months posttransplantation, in vivo imaging showed that olig2+ cells proliferated. Additionally, in vivo imaging of new olig2+ cell division from mOLs was also captured within the retina. Finally, fine visual function was renewed after the remyelination program was completed. In conclusion, our in vivo imaging results showed that new olig2+ cells were born from mOLs by asymmetric division in adult zebrafish, which highlights the role of mOLs in the progression of remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqi Zou
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
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23
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Windrem MS, Schanz SJ, Zou L, Chandler-Militello D, Kuypers NJ, Nedergaard M, Lu Y, Mariani JN, Goldman SA. Human Glial Progenitor Cells Effectively Remyelinate the Demyelinated Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107658. [PMID: 32433967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatally transplanted human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) can myelinate the brains of myelin-deficient shiverer mice, rescuing their phenotype and survival. Yet, it has been unclear whether implanted hGPCs are similarly able to remyelinate the diffusely demyelinated adult CNS. We, therefore, ask if hGPCs could remyelinate both congenitally hypomyelinated adult shiverers and normal adult mice after cuprizone demyelination. In adult shiverers, hGPCs broadly disperse and differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes after subcortical injection, improving both host callosal conduction and ambulation. Implanted hGPCs similarly remyelinate denuded axons after cuprizone demyelination, whether delivered before or after demyelination. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of hGPCs back from cuprizone-demyelinated brains reveals their transcriptional activation of oligodendrocyte differentiation programs, while distinguishing them from hGPCs not previously exposed to demyelination. These data indicate the ability of transplanted hGPCs to disperse throughout the adult CNS, to broadly myelinate regions of dysmyelination, and also to be recruited as myelinogenic oligodendrocytes later in life, upon demyelination-associated demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Windrem
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven J Schanz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa Zou
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Devin Chandler-Militello
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kuypers
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John N Mariani
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment surrounding oligodendrocyte progenitor cells following experimental demyelination. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1923. [PMID: 33772011 PMCID: PMC7998003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic demyelination in the human CNS is characterized by an inhibitory microenvironment that impairs recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) leading to failed remyelination and axonal atrophy. By network-based transcriptomics, we identified sulfatase 2 (Sulf2) mRNA in activated human primary OPCs. Sulf2, an extracellular endosulfatase, modulates the signaling microenvironment by editing the pattern of sulfation on heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We found that Sulf2 was increased in demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis and was actively secreted by human OPCs. In experimental demyelination, elevated OPC Sulf1/2 expression directly impaired progenitor recruitment and subsequent generation of oligodendrocytes thereby limiting remyelination. Sulf1/2 potentiates the inhibitory microenvironment by promoting BMP and WNT signaling in OPCs. Importantly, pharmacological sulfatase inhibition using PI-88 accelerated oligodendrocyte recruitment and remyelination by blocking OPC-expressed sulfatases. Our findings define an important inhibitory role of Sulf1/2 and highlight the potential for modulation of the heparanome in the treatment of chronic demyelinating disease. Demyelination results in impairments in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell recruitment. Here the authors identify sulfatase 1/2 as a potential modulator of myelination by modulating the microenvironment around oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.
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25
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Barros II, Leão V, Santis JO, Rosa RCA, Brotto DB, Storti CB, Siena ÁDD, Molfetta GA, Silva WA. Non-Syndromic Intellectual Disability and Its Pathways: A Long Noncoding RNA Perspective. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7010022. [PMID: 33799572 PMCID: PMC8005948 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic intellectual disability (NS-ID or idiopathic) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that represents a global health issue. Although many efforts have been made to characterize it and distinguish it from syndromic intellectual disability (S-ID), the highly heterogeneous aspect of this disorder makes it difficult to understand its etiology. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) comprise a large group of transcripts that can act through various mechanisms and be involved in important neurodevelopmental processes. In this sense, comprehending the roles they play in this intricate context is a valuable way of getting new insights about how NS-ID can arise and develop. In this review, we attempt to bring together knowledge available in the literature about lncRNAs involved with molecular and cellular pathways already described in intellectual disability and neural function, to better understand their relevance in NS-ID and the regulatory complexity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela I. Barros
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Vitor Leão
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Jessica O. Santis
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Reginaldo C. A. Rosa
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Danielle B. Brotto
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Camila B. Storti
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Ádamo D. D. Siena
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Greice A. Molfetta
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Wilson A. Silva
- Department of Genetics at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.I.B.); (V.L.); (J.O.S.); (R.C.A.R.); (D.B.B.); (C.B.S.); (Á.D.D.S.); (G.A.M.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy and Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil
- Center for Integrative Systems Biology-CISBi, NAP/USP, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Catão Roxo, 2501, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil
- Department of Medicine at the Midwest State University of Paraná-UNICENTRO, and Guarapuava Institute for Cancer Research, Rua Fortim Atalaia, 1900, Cidade dos Lagos, Guarapuava 85100-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-3293
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26
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Su X, Vasilkovska T, Fröhlich N, Garaschuk O. Characterization of cell type-specific S100B expression in the mouse olfactory bulb. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102334. [PMID: 33460952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
S100B is an EF-hand type Ca2+-binding protein of the S100 family, known to support neurogenesis and to promote the interactions between brain's nervous and immune systems. Here, we characterized the expression of S100B in the mouse olfactory bulb, a neurogenic niche comprising mature and adult-born neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Besides astrocytes, for which S100B is a classical marker, S100B was also expressed in NG2 cells and, surprisingly, in APC-positive myelinating oligodendrocytes but not in mature/adult-born neurons or microglia. Various layers of the bulb differed substantially in the composition of S100B-positive cells, with the highest fraction of the APC-positive oligodendrocytes found in the granule cell layer. Across all layers, ∼50 % of NG2 cells were S100B-negative. Finally, our data revealed a strong correlation between the fraction of myelinating oligodendrocytes among the S100B-positive cells and the oligodendrocyte density in different brain areas, underscoring the importance of S100B for the establishment and maintenance of myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Vasilkovska
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Fröhlich
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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27
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Cristobal CD, Ye Q, Jo J, Ding X, Wang CY, Cortes D, Chen Z, Lee HK. Daam2 couples translocation and clustering of Wnt receptor signalosomes through Rac1. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.251140. [PMID: 33310913 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development across species and is dysregulated in a host of human diseases. A key step in signal transduction is the formation of Wnt receptor signalosomes, during which a large number of components translocate to the membrane, cluster together and amplify downstream signaling. However, the molecular processes that coordinate these events remain poorly defined. Here, we show that Daam2 regulates canonical Wnt signaling via the PIP2-PIP5K axis through its association with Rac1. Clustering of Daam2-mediated Wnt receptor complexes requires both Rac1 and PIP5K, and PIP5K promotes membrane localization of these complexes in a Rac1-dependent manner. Importantly, the localization of Daam2 complexes and Daam2-mediated canonical Wnt signaling is dependent upon actin polymerization. These studies - in chick spinal cord and human and monkey cell lines - highlight novel roles for Rac1 and the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling and define Daam2 as a key scaffolding hub that coordinates membrane translocation and signalosome clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo D Cristobal
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juyeon Jo
- Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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O'Sullivan MP, Casey S, Finder M, Ahearne C, Clarke G, Hallberg B, Boylan GB, Murray DM. Up-Regulation of Nfat5 mRNA and Fzd4 mRNA as a Marker of Poor Outcome in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. J Pediatr 2021; 228:74-81.e2. [PMID: 32828883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate umbilical cord messenger RNA (mRNA) expression as biomarkers for the grade of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and long-term neurodevelopment outcome. STUDY DESIGN Infants were recruited from the BiHiVE1 study, Ireland (2009-2011), and the BiHiVE2 study, Ireland, and Sweden (2013-2015). Infants with HIE were assigned modified Sarnat scores at 24 hours and followed at 18-36 months. mRNA expression from cord blood was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We studied 124 infants (controls, n = 37; perinatal asphyxia, n = 43; and HIE, n = 44). Fzd4 mRNA increased in severe HIE (median relative quantification, 2.98; IQR, 2.23-3.68) vs mild HIE (0.88; IQR, 0.46-1.37; P = .004), and in severe HIE vs moderate HIE (1.06; IQR, 0.81-1.20; P = .003). Fzd4 mRNA also increased in infants eligible for therapeutic hypothermia (1.20; IQR, 0.92-2.37) vs those who were ineligible for therapeutic hypothermia group (0.81; IQR, 0.46-1.53; P = .017). Neurodevelopmental outcome was analyzed for 56 infants. Nfat5 mRNA increased in infants with severely abnormal (1.26; IQR, 1.17-1.39) vs normal outcomes (0.97; IQR, 0.83-1.24; P = .036), and also in infants with severely abnormal vs mildly abnormal outcomes (0.96; IQR, 0.80-1.06; P = .013). Fzd4 mRNA increased in infants with severely abnormal (2.51; IQR, 1.60-3.56) vs normal outcomes (0.74; IQR, 0.48-1.49; P = .004) and in infants with severely abnormal vs mildly abnormal outcomes (0.97; IQR, 0.75-1.34; P = .026). CONCLUSIONS Increased Fzd4 mRNA expression was observed in cord blood of infants with severe HIE; Nfat5 mRNA and Fzd4 mRNA expression were increased in infants with severely abnormal long-term outcomes. These mRNA may augment current measures as early objective markers of HIE severity at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Paul O'Sullivan
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sophie Casey
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mikael Finder
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neonatal Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ahearne
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome, Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Boubou Hallberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neonatal Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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HIFα Regulates Developmental Myelination Independent of Autocrine Wnt Signaling. J Neurosci 2020; 41:251-268. [PMID: 33208471 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0731-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing CNS is exposed to physiological hypoxia, under which hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is stabilized and plays a crucial role in regulating neural development. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of HIFα in developmental myelination remain incompletely understood. A previous concept proposes that HIFα regulates CNS developmental myelination by activating the autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, by analyzing a battery of genetic mice of both sexes, we presented in vivo evidence supporting an alternative understanding of oligodendroglial HIFα-regulated developmental myelination. At the cellular level, we found that HIFα was required for developmental myelination by transiently controlling upstream OPC differentiation but not downstream oligodendrocyte maturation and that HIFα dysregulation in OPCs but not oligodendrocytes disturbed normal developmental myelination. We demonstrated that HIFα played a minor, if any, role in regulating canonical Wnt signaling in the oligodendroglial lineage or in the CNS. At the molecular level, blocking autocrine Wnt signaling did not affect HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation and myelination. We further identified HIFα-Sox9 regulatory axis as an underlying molecular mechanism in HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation. Our findings support a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated CNS myelination from the previous Wnt-dependent view to a Wnt-independent one and unveil a previously unappreciated HIFα-Sox9 pathway in regulating OPC differentiation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Promoting disturbed developmental myelination is a promising option in treating diffuse white matter injury, previously called periventricular leukomalacia, a major form of brain injury affecting premature infants. In the developing CNS, hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is a key regulator that adapts neural cells to physiological and pathologic hypoxic cues. The role and mechanism of HIFα in oligodendroglial myelination, which is severely disturbed in preterm infants affected with diffuse white matter injury, is incompletely understood. Our findings presented here represent a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated developmental myelination and suggest the potential of intervening with an oligodendroglial HIFα-mediated signaling pathway to mitigate disturbed myelination in premature white matter injury.
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Chavali M, Ulloa-Navas MJ, Pérez-Borredá P, Garcia-Verdugo JM, McQuillen PS, Huang EJ, Rowitch DH. Wnt-Dependent Oligodendroglial-Endothelial Interactions Regulate White Matter Vascularization and Attenuate Injury. Neuron 2020; 108:1130-1145.e5. [PMID: 33086038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated oligodendroglial-vascular crosstalk during brain development, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We report that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) contact sprouting endothelial tip cells in mouse, ferret, and human neonatal white matter. Using transgenic mice, we show that increased or decreased OPC density results in cognate changes in white matter vascular investment. Hypoxia induced increases in OPC numbers, vessel density and endothelial cell expression of the Wnt pathway targets Apcdd1 and Axin2 in white matter, suggesting paracrine OPC-endothelial signaling. Conditional knockout of OPC Wntless resulted in diminished white matter vascular growth in normoxia, whereas loss of Wnt7a/b function blunted the angiogenic response to hypoxia, resulting in severe white matter damage. These findings indicate that OPC-endothelial cell interactions regulate neonatal white matter vascular development in a Wnt-dependent manner and further suggest this mechanism is important in attenuating hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manideep Chavali
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; New Born Brain Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria José Ulloa-Navas
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, TERCEL, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Borredá
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, TERCEL, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, TERCEL, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; New Born Brain Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Paediatrics and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK.
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31
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The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110874. [PMID: 33080467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to progressive neurological disability due to axonal deterioration. Although MS presents profound heterogeneity in the clinical course, its underlying central mechanism is active demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with inflammation. Multiple autoimmune and neuroinflammatory pathways are involved in the demyelination process of MS. Analysis of MS lesions has shown that inflammatory genes are upregulated. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and has important roles in many signaling cascades. GSK-3 is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase expressed in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems. GSK-3 modulates several biological processes through phosphorylation of protein kinases, including cell signaling, neuronal growth, apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins, allowing adaptive changes in events such as cellular proliferation, migration, inflammation, and immunity. GSK-3 occurs in mammals in two isoforms GSK-3α and GSK-3β, both of which are common in the brain, although GSK-3α is found particularly in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striated hippocampus and Purkinje cells, while GSK-3β is found in all brain regions. In patients with chronic progressive MS, expression of GSK-3β is elevated in several brain regions such as the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex. GSK-3β inhibition may play a role in glial cell activation, reducing pathological pain induced by nerve injury by formalin injection. According to the role of GSK-3β in pathological conditions, the aim of this article is review of the role of GSK-3β in multiple sclerosis and inflammation of neurons.
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32
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Ming X, Dupree JL, Gallo V, Chew LJ. Sox17 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Regeneration by Dual Modulation of Hedgehog and Wnt Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:101592. [PMID: 33083751 PMCID: PMC7553347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways that promote oligodendrocyte development improve oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin recovery from demyelinating pathologies. Sox factors critically control myelin gene expression and oligodendroglial fate, but little is known about signaling events underlying Sox-mediated oligodendroglial regeneration. In this study of the SoxF member Sox17, we demonstrate that Sox17-induced oligodendrocyte regeneration in adult myelin lesions occurs by suppressing lesion-induced Wnt/beta-catenin signaling which is inhibitory to oligodendrocyte regeneration and by increasing Sonic Hedgehog/Smoothened/Gli2 activity. Hedgehog signaling through Smoothened critically supports adult oligodendroglial viability and is an upstream regulator of beta-catenin. Gli2 ablation in adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells indicates that Gli2 regulates beta-catenin differentially in wild-type and Sox17-overexpressing white matter. Myelin lesions in Sox17-deficient mice show beta-catenin hyperactivation, regenerative failure, and loss of oligodendrogenesis, despite exogenous Hedgehog stimulation. These studies indicate the benefit of Sox17 signaling targets to enhance oligodendrocyte regeneration after demyelination injury by modulating both Hedgehog and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ming
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department Anatomy and Neurobiol, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA, USA.,Research Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
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33
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Suryaningtyas W, Parenrengi MA, Bajamal AH, Rantam FA. Lipid Peroxidation Induces Reactive Astrogliosis by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Hydrocephalus. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:34-42. [PMID: 32684804 PMCID: PMC7337957 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrocephalus induces mechanical and biochemical changes in neural cells of the brain. Astrogliosis, as the hallmark of cellular changes in white matter, is involved in demyelination process, re-myelination inhibitory effect, and inhibition of axonal elongation and regeneration. The pathophysiology of this process is not well understood. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the effect of lipid peroxidation product on astrogliosis through WNT/ β-catenin in kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats. Methods The study used kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats. Obstructive hydrocephalus was expected to develop within seven days after induction. The hydrocephalus animals were killed at day 7, 14 and 21 after induction. One group of the saline-injected animals was used for sham-treatment. Results We demonstrated that the hydrocephalic rats exhibited a high expression of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in the periventricular area. The expression of β-catenin also increased, following the pattern of 4-HNE. Reactive astrocyte, expressed by positive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was upregulated in an incremental fashion as well as the microglia. Conclusion This work suggests that lipid peroxidation product, 4-HNE, activated the WNT/β-catenin pathway, leading to the development of reactive astrocyte and microglia activation in hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wihasto Suryaningtyas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Hafid Bajamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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34
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Van Steenwinckel J, Schang AL, Krishnan ML, Degos V, Delahaye-Duriez A, Bokobza C, Csaba Z, Verdonk F, Montané A, Sigaut S, Hennebert O, Lebon S, Schwendimann L, Le Charpentier T, Hassan-Abdi R, Ball G, Aljabar P, Saxena A, Holloway RK, Birchmeier W, Baud O, Rowitch D, Miron V, Chretien F, Leconte C, Besson VC, Petretto EG, Edwards AD, Hagberg H, Soussi-Yanicostas N, Fleiss B, Gressens P. Decreased microglial Wnt/β-catenin signalling drives microglial pro-inflammatory activation in the developing brain. Brain 2020; 142:3806-3833. [PMID: 31665242 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia of the developing brain have unique functional properties but how their activation states are regulated is poorly understood. Inflammatory activation of microglia in the still-developing brain of preterm-born infants is associated with permanent neurological sequelae in 9 million infants every year. Investigating the regulators of microglial activation in the developing brain across models of neuroinflammation-mediated injury (mouse, zebrafish) and primary human and mouse microglia we found using analysis of genes and proteins that a reduction in Wnt/β-catenin signalling is necessary and sufficient to drive a microglial phenotype causing hypomyelination. We validated in a cohort of preterm-born infants that genomic variation in the Wnt pathway is associated with the levels of connectivity found in their brains. Using a Wnt agonist delivered by a blood-brain barrier penetrant microglia-specific targeting nanocarrier we prevented in our animal model the pro-inflammatory microglial activation, white matter injury and behavioural deficits. Collectively, these data validate that the Wnt pathway regulates microglial activation, is critical in the evolution of an important form of human brain injury and is a viable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Michelle L Krishnan
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Vincent Degos
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris France
| | - Andrée Delahaye-Duriez
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Cindy Bokobza
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Amélie Montané
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Sigaut
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hennebert
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, F-75003 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lebon
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Leslie Schwendimann
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Tifenn Le Charpentier
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Rahma Hassan-Abdi
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gareth Ball
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Paul Aljabar
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics Core Facility, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rebecca K Holloway
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Olivier Baud
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - David Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Veronique Miron
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fabrice Chretien
- UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Leconte
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Valérie C Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Perinatal Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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35
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O'Sullivan MP, Looney AM, Moloney GM, Finder M, Hallberg B, Clarke G, Boylan GB, Murray DM. Validation of Altered Umbilical Cord Blood MicroRNA Expression in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:333-341. [PMID: 30592487 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant cause of neurologic disability. Identifying infants suitable for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) within a narrow therapeutic time is difficult. No single robust biochemical marker is available to clinicians. Objective To assess the ability of a panel of candidate microRNA (miRNA) to evaluate the development and severity of encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia (PA). Design, Setting, and Participants This validation study included 2 cohorts. For the discovery cohort, full-term infants with PA were enrolled at birth to the Biomarkers in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (BiHiVE1) study (2009-2011) in Cork, Ireland. Encephalopathy grade was defined using early electroencephalogram and Sarnat score (n = 68). The BiHiVE1 cohort also enrolled healthy control infants (n = 22). For the validation cohort, the BiHiVE2 multicenter study (2013-2015), based in Cork, Ireland (7500 live births per annum), and Karolinska Huddinge, Sweden (4400 live births per annum), recruited infants with PA along with healthy control infants to validate findings from BiHiVE1 using identical recruitment criteria (n = 80). The experimental design was formulated prior to recruitment, and analysis was conducted from June 2016 to March 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Alterations in umbilical cord whole-blood miRNA expression. Results From 170 neonates, 160 were included in the final analysis. The BiHiVE1 cohort included 87 infants (21 control infants, 39 infants with PA, and 27 infants with HIE), and BiHiVE2 included 73 infants (control [n = 22], PA [n = 26], and HIE [n = 25]). The BiHiVE1 and BiHiVE2 had a median age of 40 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 39-41 weeks) and 40 weeks (IQR, 39-41 weeks), respectively, and included 56 boys and 31 girls and 45 boys and 28 girls, respectively. In BiHiVE1, 12 candidate miRNAs were identified, and 7 of these miRNAs were chosen for validation in BiHiVE2. The BiHiVE2 cohort showed consistent alteration of 3 miRNAs; miR-374a-5p was decreased in infants diagnosed as having HIE compared with healthy control infants (median relative quantification, 0.38; IQR, 0.17-0.77 vs 0.95; IQR, 0.68-1.19; P = .009), miR-376c-3p was decreased in infants with PA compared with healthy control infants (median, 0.42; IQR, 0.21-0.61 vs 0.90; IQR, 0.70-1.30; P = .004), and mir-181b-5p was decreased in infants eligible for TH (median, 0.27; IQR, 0.14-1.41) vs 1.18; IQR, 0.70-2.05; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance Altered miRNA expression was detected in umbilical cord blood of neonates with PA and HIE. These miRNA could assist diagnostic markers for early detection of HIE and PA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Paul O'Sullivan
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann Marie Looney
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mikael Finder
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boubou Hallberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard Clarke
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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36
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Ong W, Pinese C, Chew SY. Scaffold-mediated sequential drug/gene delivery to promote nerve regeneration and remyelination following traumatic nerve injuries. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 149-150:19-48. [PMID: 30910595 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue regeneration following traumatic injuries is often subpar. As a result, the field of neural tissue engineering has evolved to find therapeutic interventions and has seen promising outcomes. However, robust nerve and myelin regeneration remain elusive. One possible reason may be the fact that tissue regeneration often follows a complex sequence of events in a temporally-controlled manner. Although several other fields of tissue engineering have begun to recognise the importance of delivering two or more biomolecules sequentially for more complete tissue regeneration, such serial delivery of biomolecules in neural tissue engineering remains limited. This review aims to highlight the need for sequential delivery to enhance nerve regeneration and remyelination after traumatic injuries in the central nervous system, using spinal cord injuries as an example. In addition, possible methods to attain temporally-controlled drug/gene delivery are also discussed for effective neural tissue regeneration.
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37
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Ghanavatinejad F, Fard Tabrizi ZP, Omidghaemi S, Sharifi E, Møller SG, Jami MS. Protein biomarkers of neural system. J Otol 2019; 14:77-88. [PMID: 31467504 PMCID: PMC6712353 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biomarkers for in vivo and in vitro research is growing rapidly. This is mainly due to the enormous potential of biomarkers in evaluating molecular and cellular abnormalities in cell models and in tissue, and evaluating drug responses and the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention strategies. An important way to analyze the development of the human body is to assess molecular markers in embryonic specialized cells, which include the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Neuronal development is controlled through the gene networks in the neural crest and neural tube, both components of the ectoderm. The neural crest differentiates into several different tissues including, but not limited to, the peripheral nervous system, enteric nervous system, melanocyte, and the dental pulp. The neural tube eventually converts to the central nervous system. This review provides an overview of the differentiation of the ectoderm to a fully functioning nervous system, focusing on molecular biomarkers that emerge at each stage of the cellular specialization from multipotent stem cells to completely differentiated cells. Particularly, the otic placode is the origin of most of the inner ear cell types such as neurons, sensory hair cells, and supporting cells. During the development, different auditory cell types can be distinguished by the expression of the neurogenin differentiation factor1 (Neuro D1), Brn3a, and transcription factor GATA3. However, the mature auditory neurons express other markers including βIII tubulin, the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1), the tyrosine receptor kinase B and C (Trk B, C), BDNF, neurotrophin 3 (NT3), Calretinin, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghanavatinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shadi Omidghaemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Simon Geir Møller
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY, USA
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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38
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YY1-induced upregulation of lncRNA NEAT1 contributes to OGD/R injury-induced inflammatory response in cerebral microglial cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:501-511. [PMID: 31286366 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke can lead to the serious long-term neurological disability. The dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been proven to be a pivotal factor for the progression of ischemic stroke. However, it is largely unknown whether lncRNAs regulated the OGD/R injury of cerebral microglial cells. In this study, we designed experiments to reveal the role of lncRNA Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) in the OGD/R injury of microglial cells. We found that NEAT1 contributed to the OGD/R injury and neuroinflammation damage in microglial cells. Moreover, the molecular mechanism involved in the NEAT1-mediated OGD/R injury. Mechanism investigation revealed that NEAT1 was upregulated by the transcription factor YY1. Moreover, Western blot analysis suggested that NEAT1 enhance the protein levels of core factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating that NEAT1 contributed to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Rescue assays were carried out in the microglial cells treated with OGD/R. The results showed that NEAT1 regulated the OGD/R injury and neuroinflammation damage via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggested that YY1-induced upregulation of NEAT1 contributed to the OGD/R injury and neuroinflammation damage of microglial cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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39
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Niu J, Tsai HH, Hoi KK, Huang N, Yu G, Kim K, Baranzini SE, Xiao L, Chan JR, Fancy SPJ. Aberrant oligodendroglial-vascular interactions disrupt the blood-brain barrier, triggering CNS inflammation. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:709-718. [PMID: 30988524 PMCID: PMC6486410 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical to initiation and perpetuation of disease in multiple sclerosis (MS). We report an interaction between oligodendroglia and vasculature in MS that distinguishes human white matter injury from normal rodent demyelinating injury. We find perivascular clustering of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in certain active MS lesions, representing an inability to properly detach from vessels following perivascular migration. Perivascular OPCs can themselves disrupt the BBB, interfering with astrocyte endfeet and endothelial tight junction integrity, resulting in altered vascular permeability and an associated CNS inflammation. Aberrant Wnt tone in OPCs mediates their dysfunctional vascular detachment and also leads to OPC secretion of Wif1, which interferes with Wnt ligand function on endothelial tight junction integrity. Evidence for this defective oligodendroglial-vascular interaction in MS suggests that aberrant OPC perivascular migration not only impairs their lesion recruitment but can also act as a disease perpetuator via disruption of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly K Hoi
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangdan Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kicheol Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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40
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Cree BAC, Niu J, Hoi KK, Zhao C, Caganap SD, Henry RG, Dao DQ, Zollinger DR, Mei F, Shen YAA, Franklin RJM, Ullian EM, Xiao L, Chan JR, Fancy SPJ. Clemastine rescues myelination defects and promotes functional recovery in hypoxic brain injury. Brain 2019; 141:85-98. [PMID: 29244098 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can injure brain white matter tracts, comprised of axons and myelinating oligodendrocytes, leading to cerebral palsy in neonates and delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) in adults. In these conditions, white matter injury can be followed by myelin regeneration, but myelination often fails and is a significant contributor to fixed demyelinated lesions, with ensuing permanent neurological injury. Non-myelinating oligodendrocyte precursor cells are often found in lesions in plentiful numbers, but fail to mature, suggesting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation arrest as a critical contributor to failed myelination in hypoxia. We report a case of an adult patient who developed the rare condition DPHL and made a nearly complete recovery in the setting of treatment with clemastine, a widely available antihistamine that in preclinical models promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation. This suggested possible therapeutic benefit in the more clinically prevalent hypoxic injury of newborns, and we demonstrate in murine neonatal hypoxic injury that clemastine dramatically promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, myelination, and improves functional recovery. We show that its effect in hypoxia is oligodendroglial specific via an effect on the M1 muscarinic receptor on oligodendrocyte precursor cells. We propose clemastine as a potential therapy for hypoxic brain injuries associated with white matter injury and oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A C Cree
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kimberly K Hoi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Scott D Caganap
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Roland G Henry
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dang Q Dao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel R Zollinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun-An A Shen
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jonah R Chan
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Division of Neonatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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41
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Gou X, Tang Y, Qu Y, Xiao D, Ying J, Mu D. Could the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 and 4 play a role in white matter injury? Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:625-638. [PMID: 30738015 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) prevents the normal development of myelination, leading to central nervous system myelination disorders and the production of chronic sequelae associated with WMI, such as chronic dyskinesia, cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. This results in a large emotional and socioeconomic burden. Decreased myelination in preterm infant WMI is associated with the delayed development or destruction of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells, particularly oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The development of cells from the OL lineage involves the migration, proliferation and different stages of OL differentiation, finally leading to myelination. A series of complex intrinsic, extrinsic and epigenetic factors regulate the OPC cell cycle withdrawal, OL lineage progression and myelination. We focus on the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2), because it is widely involved in the different stages of OL differentiation and genesis. ID2 is a key transcription factor for the normal development of OL lineage cells, and the pathogenesis of WMI is closely linked with OL developmental disorders. ID4, another family member of the IDs protein, also plays a similar role in OL differentiation and genesis. ID2 and ID4 belong to the helix-loop-helix family; they lack the DNA-binding sequences and inhibit oligodendrogenesis and OPC differentiation. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of ID2 in OL development, especially during OPC differentiation, and summarize the ID2-mediated intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways that regulate these processes. We also discuss ID4 in relation to bone morphogenetic protein signaling and oligodendrogenesis. It is likely that these developmental mechanisms are also involved in the myelin repair or remyelination in human neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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42
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Yang LX, Yang LK, Zhu J, Chen JH, Wang YH, Xiong K. Expression signatures of long non-coding RNA and mRNA in human traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:632-641. [PMID: 30632503 PMCID: PMC6352599 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.247467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in craniocerebral disease, although their expression profiles in human traumatic brain injury are still unclear. In this regard, in this study, we examined brain injury tissue from three patients of the 101st Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, China (specifically, a 36-year-old male, a 52-year-old female, and a 49-year-old female), who were diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and underwent brain contusion removal surgery. Tissue surrounding the brain contusion in the three patients was used as control tissue to observe expression characteristics of lncRNAs and mRNAs in human traumatic brain injury tissue. Volcano plot filtering identified 99 lncRNAs and 63 mRNAs differentially expressed in frontotemporal tissue of the two groups (P < 0.05, fold change > 1.2). Microarray analysis showed that 43 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 56 lncRNAs were down-regulated. Meanwhile, 59 mRNAs were up-regulated and 4 mRNAs were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed 27 signaling pathways associated with target genes and, in particular, legionellosis and influenza A signaling pathways. Subsequently, a lncRNA-gene network was generated, which showed an absolute correlation coefficient value > 0.99 for 12 lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed different expression of the five most up-regulated mRNAs within the two groups, which was consistent with the microarray results. In summary, our results show that expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs are significantly different between human traumatic brain injury tissue and surrounding tissue, providing novel insight regarding lncRNAs’ involvement in human traumatic brain injury. All participants provided informed consent. This research was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR-TCC-13004002) and the protocol version number is 1.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Abstract
Despite notable advances in the care and survival of preterm infants, a significant proportion of preterm neonates will have life-long cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits, and robustly effective neuroprotective strategies are still missing. These therapies must target the pathophysiologic mechanisms observed in contemporaneous infants and rely on modern epidemiology, imaging, and experimental models and assessment techniques. Two drugs, magnesium sulfate and caffeine, are already in use in several units, and although their targets are apnea of prematurity and myometrial contractility (respectively), they do offer improved odds of positive outcomes. Nevertheless, these drugs have limited efficacy, and NICU-to-NICU administration varies greatly. As such, there is an obvious need for additional specific neurotherapeutic strategies to further enhance the outcome of this very fragile population of neonates. The chapter reviews these issues, highlights bottlenecks that need to be solved for meaningful progress in the field, and proposes future innovative avenues for intervention, including delayed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi Fleiss
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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44
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Ying YQ, Yan XQ, Jin SJ, Liang Y, Hou L, Niu WT, Luo XP. Inhibitory Effect of LPS on the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells through the Notch Signaling Pathway in Intrauterine Infection-induced Rats. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:840-846. [PMID: 30341518 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is very common in survivors of premature birth, and the final outcomes are a reduction in myelinated neurons leading to white matter hypomyelination. How and (or) why the oligodendrocyte lineage develops abnormally and myelination is reduced is a hot topic in the field. This study focuses on the effect of intrauterine inflammation on the proliferation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and the underlying mechanisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (300 μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at embryonic days 19 and 20 to establish a rat model of intrauterine infection-induced white matter injury. Corpus callosum tissues were collected at postnatal day 14 (P14) to quantify the number of oligodendrocytes, the number and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and the expression of myelin proteins (MBP and PLP). Furthermore, the expression of Wnt and Notch signaling-related proteins was analyzed. The results showed that the number of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum tissues of LPS-treated rats was reduced, and the expression levels of myelinating proteins were down-regulated. Further analysis showed that the Notch signaling pathway was down-regulated in the LPStreated group. These results indicate that intrauterine LPS may inhibit the proliferation of OPCs by down-regulating the Notch rather than the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to hypomyelination of white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xue-Qin Yan
- Department of Children Healthcare, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Sheng-Juan Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wan-Ting Niu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02130, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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45
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Nicaise AM, Johnson KM, Willis CM, Guzzo RM, Crocker SJ. TIMP-1 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation Through Receptor-Mediated Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3380-3392. [PMID: 30121936 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular protein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 is both a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor and a trophic factor. Mice lacking TIMP-1 exhibit delayed central nervous system myelination during postnatal development and impaired remyelination following immune-mediated injury in adulthood. We have previously determined that the trophic action of TIMP-1 on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to mature into oligodendrocytes is independent of its MMP inhibitory function. However, the mechanism by which TIMP-1 promotes OPC differentiation is not known. To address this gap in our understanding, herein, we report that TIMP-1 signals via a CD63/β1-integrin receptor complex to activate Akt (protein kinase B) to promote β-catenin signaling in OPCs. The regulation of β-catenin by TIMP-1 to promote OPC differentiation was counteracted, but not abrogated, by canonical signaling evoked by Wnt7a. These data provide a previously uncharacterized trophic action of TIMP-1 to regulate oligodendrocyte maturation via a CD63/β1-integrin/Akt pathway mechanism. These findings contribute to our emerging understanding on the role of TIMP-1 as a growth factor expressed to promote CNS myelination during development and induced in the adult to promote myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kasey M Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Rosa M Guzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Enhancing Oligodendrocyte Myelination Rescues Synaptic Loss and Improves Functional Recovery after Chronic Hypoxia. Neuron 2018; 99:689-701.e5. [PMID: 30078577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To address the significance of enhancing myelination for functional recovery after white matter injury (WMI) in preterm infants, we characterized hypomyelination associated with chronic hypoxia and identified structural and functional deficits of excitatory cortical synapses with a prolonged motor deficit. We demonstrate that genetically delaying myelination phenocopies the synaptic and functional deficits observed in mice after hypoxia, suggesting that myelination may possibly facilitate excitatory presynaptic innervation. As a gain-of-function experiment, we specifically ablated the muscarinic receptor 1 (M1R), a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Genetically enhancing oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination rescued the synaptic loss after chronic hypoxia and promoted functional recovery. As a proof of concept, drug-based myelination therapies also resulted in accelerated differentiation and myelination with functional recovery after chronic hypoxia. Together, our data indicate that myelination-enhancing strategies in preterm infants may represent a promising therapeutic approach for structural/functional recovery after hypoxic WMI.
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47
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Abbastabar M, Kheyrollah M, Azizian K, Bagherlou N, Tehrani SS, Maniati M, Karimian A. Multiple functions of p27 in cell cycle, apoptosis, epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation for the control of cell growth: A double-edged sword protein. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:63-72. [PMID: 30075372 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is controlled by precise mechanisms to prevent malignancies such as cancer, and the cell needs these tight and advanced controls. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (also known as KIP1) is a factor that inhibits the progression of the cell cycle by using specific molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of p27 on the cell cycle is mediated by CDKs inhibition. Other important functions of p27 include cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Post- translational modification of p27 by phosphorylation and ubiquitination respectively regulates interaction between p27 and cyclin/CDK complex and degradation of p27. In this review, we focus on the multiple function of p27 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications and post- translational modification, and briefly discuss the mechanisms and factors that have important roles in p27 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Bagherlou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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48
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Srivastava T, Diba P, Dean JM, Banine F, Shaver D, Hagen M, Gong X, Su W, Emery B, Marks DL, Harris EN, Baggenstoss B, Weigel PH, Sherman LS, Back SA. A TLR/AKT/FoxO3 immune tolerance-like pathway disrupts the repair capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitors. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2025-2041. [PMID: 29664021 DOI: 10.1172/jci94158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter injury (WMI) persistently disrupts myelin regeneration by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). We identified a specific bioactive hyaluronan fragment (bHAf) that downregulates myelin gene expression and chronically blocks OPC maturation and myelination via a tolerance-like mechanism that dysregulates pro-myelination signaling via AKT. Desensitization of AKT occurs via TLR4 but not TLR2 or CD44. OPC differentiation was selectively blocked by bHAf in a maturation-dependent fashion at the late OPC (preOL) stage by a noncanonical TLR4/TRIF pathway that induced persistent activation of the FoxO3 transcription factor downstream of AKT. Activated FoxO3 selectively localized to oligodendrocyte lineage cells in white matter lesions from human preterm neonates and adults with multiple sclerosis. FoxO3 constraint of OPC maturation was bHAf dependent, and involved interactions at the FoxO3 and MBP promoters with the chromatin remodeling factor Brg1 and the transcription factor Olig2, which regulate OPC differentiation. WMI has adapted an immune tolerance-like mechanism whereby persistent engagement of TLR4 by bHAf promotes an OPC niche at the expense of myelination by engaging a FoxO3 signaling pathway that chronically constrains OPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taasin Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Parham Diba
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Fatima Banine
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Shaver
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Weiping Su
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Ben Emery
- Department of Neurology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bruce Baggenstoss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul H Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Larry S Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen A Back
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Neurology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
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49
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Klocke C, Allen JL, Sobolewski M, Blum JL, Zelikoff JT, Cory-Slechta DA. Exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate matter during gestation alters postnatal oligodendrocyte maturation, proliferation capacity, and myelination. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:196-206. [PMID: 29079486 PMCID: PMC5857223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies indicate that the brain is a direct target of air pollution exposure during the fetal period. We have previously demonstrated that exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) during gestation produces ventriculomegaly, periventricular hypermyelination, and enlargement of the corpus callosum (CC) during postnatal development in mice. This study aimed to further characterize the cellular basis of the observed hypermyelination and determine if this outcome, among other effects, persisted as the brain matured. Analysis of CC-1+ mature oligodendrocytes in the CC at postnatal days (PNDs) 11-15 suggest a premature maturational shift in number and proportion of total cells in prenatally CAPs-exposed males and females, with no overall change in total CC cellularity. The overall number of Olig2+ lineage cells in the CC was not affected in either sex at the same postnatal timepoint. Assessment of myelin status at early brain maturity (PNDs 57-61) revealed persistent hypermyelination in CAPs-exposed animals of both sexes. In addition, ventriculomegaly was persistent in CAPs-treated females, with possible amelioration of ventriculomegaly in CAPs-exposed males. When oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) pool status was analyzed at PNDs 57-61, there were significant CAPs-induced alterations in cycling Ki67+/Olig2+ cell number and proportion of total cells in the female CC. Total CC cellularity was slightly elevated in CAPs-exposed males at PNDs 57-61. Overall, these data support a growing body of evidence that demonstrate the vulnerability of the developing brain to environmental insults such as ambient particulate matter. The sensitivity of oligodendrocytes and myelin, in particular, to such an insult warrants further investigation into the mechanistic underpinnings of OPC and myelin disruption by constituent air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Klocke
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Joshua L Allen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jason L Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
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50
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Miyamoto M, Hayashi T, Kawasaki Y, Akiyama T. Sp5 negatively regulates the proliferation of HCT116 cells by upregulating the transcription of p27. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4005-4009. [PMID: 29456745 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in the majority of human colorectal tumors. β-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway, interacts with the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor family of transcription factors and activates transcription of Wnt target genes. Sp5 is one of the Wnt target genes, and its expression is commonly upregulated in colon cancer cells. The present study demonstrates that the expression of Sp5 is not upregulated in the colon cancer cell line HCT116, in which Wnt signaling is constitutively activated. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that Sp5 has the potential to inhibit cell proliferation through upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. These findings suggest that HCT116 cells downregulate Sp5 to avoid p27-mediated growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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