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Mosquera-Heredia MI, Vidal OM, Morales LC, Silvera-Redondo C, Barceló E, Allegri R, Arcos-Burgos M, Vélez JI, Garavito-Galofre P. Long Non-Coding RNAs and Alzheimer's Disease: Towards Personalized Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7641. [PMID: 39062884 PMCID: PMC11277322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, is the most common form of dementia. Currently, there is no single test that can diagnose AD, especially in understudied populations and developing countries. Instead, diagnosis is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, cognitive testing, and brain imaging. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles, primarily composed of RNA, that participate in physiological processes related to AD pathogenesis such as cell proliferation, immune response, and neuronal and cardiovascular function. However, the identification and understanding of the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AD diagnosis remain largely unexplored. Here, we clinically, cognitively, and genetically characterized a sample of 15 individuals diagnosed with AD (cases) and 15 controls from Barranquilla, Colombia. Advanced bioinformatics, analytics and Machine Learning (ML) techniques were used to identify lncRNAs differentially expressed between cases and controls. The expression of 28,909 lncRNAs was quantified. Of these, 18 were found to be differentially expressed and harbored in pivotal genes related to AD. Two lncRNAs, ENST00000608936 and ENST00000433747, show promise as diagnostic markers for AD, with ML models achieving > 95% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in both the training and testing datasets. These findings suggest that the expression profiles of lncRNAs could significantly contribute to advancing personalized AD diagnosis in this community, offering promising avenues for early detection and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Mosquera-Heredia
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (M.I.M.-H.); (O.M.V.); (L.C.M.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Oscar M. Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (M.I.M.-H.); (O.M.V.); (L.C.M.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Luis C. Morales
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (M.I.M.-H.); (O.M.V.); (L.C.M.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Carlos Silvera-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (M.I.M.-H.); (O.M.V.); (L.C.M.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Ernesto Barceló
- Instituto Colombiano de Neuropedagogía, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de La Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Grupo Internacional de Investigación Neuro-Conductual (GIINCO), Universidad de La Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Institute for Neurological Research FLENI, Montañeses 2325, Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina;
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
| | - Jorge I. Vélez
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - Pilar Garavito-Galofre
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (M.I.M.-H.); (O.M.V.); (L.C.M.); (C.S.-R.)
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Li S, Liu Z, Jiao X, Gu J, Liu Z, Meng L, Li W, Zhang T, Liu J, Chai D, Liu J, Yang Z, Liu Y, Jiao R, Li X, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Selpercatinib attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116282. [PMID: 38762147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
IPF is a chronic, progressive, interstitial lung disease with high mortality. Current drugs have limited efficacy in curbing disease progression and improving quality of life. Selpercatinib, a highly selective inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase RET (rearranged during transfection), was approved in 2020 for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors with RET mutations. In this study, the action and mechanism of Selpercatinib in pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Selpercatinib significantly ameliorated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro, Selpercatinib inhibited the proliferation, migration, activation and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/non-Smad pathway, and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) like process of lung epithelial cells via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway. The results of in vivo pharmacological tests corroborated the results obtained from the in vitro experiments. Further studies revealed that Selpercatinib inhibited abnormal phenotypes of lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells in part by regulating its target RET. In short, Selpercatinib inhibited the activation of fibroblasts and EMT-like process of lung epithelial cells by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/non-Smad pathways, thus alleviating BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiao
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jinying Gu
- Tianjin Jikun Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Lingxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Dan Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jiaai Liu
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Ran Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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Wei J, Wang M, Li S, Han R, Xu W, Zhao A, Yu Q, Li H, Li M, Chi G. Reprogramming of astrocytes and glioma cells into neurons for central nervous system repair and glioblastoma therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116806. [PMID: 38796971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) damage is usually irreversible owing to the limited regenerative capability of neurons. Following CNS injury, astrocytes are reactively activated and are the key cells involved in post-injury repair mechanisms. Consequently, research on the reprogramming of reactive astrocytes into neurons could provide new directions for the restoration of neural function after CNS injury and in the promotion of recovery in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the means through which reactive astrocytes around lesions can be reprogrammed into neurons, to elucidate the intrinsic connection between the two cell types from a neurogenesis perspective, and to summarize what is known about the neurotranscription factors, small-molecule compounds and MicroRNA that play major roles in astrocyte reprogramming. As the malignant proliferation of astrocytes promotes the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), this review also examines the research advances on and the theoretical basis for the reprogramming of GBM cells into neurons and discusses the advantages of such approaches over traditional treatment modalities. This comprehensive review provides new insights into the field of GBM therapy and theoretical insights into the mechanisms of neurological recovery following neurological injury and in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China.
| | - Wenhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Anqi Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haokun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Tan H, Miao MX, Luo RX, So J, Peng L, Zhu X, Leung EHW, Zhu L, Chan KM, Cheung M, Chan SY. TSPYL1 as a Critical Regulator of TGFβ Signaling through Repression of TGFBR1 and TSPYL2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306486. [PMID: 38588050 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nucleosome assembly proteins (NAPs) have been identified as histone chaperons. Testis-Specific Protein, Y-Encoded-Like (TSPYL) is a newly arisen NAP family in mammals. TSPYL2 can be transcriptionally induced by DNA damage and TGFβ causing proliferation arrest. TSPYL1, another TSPYL family member, has been poorly characterized and is the only TSPYL family member known to be causal of a lethal recessive disease in humans. This study shows that TSPYL1 and TSPYL2 play an opposite role in TGFβ signaling. TSPYL1 partners with the transcription factor FOXA1 and histone methyltransferase EZH2, and at the same time represses TGFBR1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Depletion of TSPYL1 increases TGFBR1 expression, upregulates TGFβ signaling, and elevates the protein stability of TSPYL2. Intriguingly, TSPYL2 forms part of the SMAD2/3/4 signal transduction complex upon stimulation by TGFβ to execute the transcriptional responses. Depletion of TSPYL2 rescues the EMT phenotype of TSPYL1 knockdown in A549 lung carcinoma cells. The data demonstrates the prime role of TSPYL2 in causing the dramatic defects in TSPYL1 deficiency. An intricate counter-balancing role of TSPYL1 and TSPYL2 in regulating TGFβ signaling is also unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Tan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mia Xinfang Miao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rylee Xu Luo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joan So
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Hin Wa Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Li W, Wu J, Zeng Y, Zheng W. Neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269241. [PMID: 38187384 PMCID: PMC10771847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a group of enduring neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures with heterogeneous etiology, clinical expression, severity, and prognosis. Growing body of research investigates that epileptic seizures are originated from neuronal synchronized and excessive electrical activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated and 30% of epileptic patients still are resistant to the currently available pharmacological treatments with recurrent seizures throughout life. Over the past two decades years accumulated evidences provide strong support to the hypothesis that neuroinflammation, including microglia and astrocytes activation, a cascade of inflammatory mediator releasing, and peripheral immune cells infiltration from blood into brain, is associated with epileptogenesis. Meanwhile, an increasing body of preclinical researches reveal that the anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting crucial inflammatory components are effective and promising in the treatment of epilepsy. The aim of the present study is to highlight the current understanding of the potential neuroinflammatory mechanisms in epileptogenesis and the potential therapeutic targets against epileptic seizures.
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Driss LB, Lian J, Walker RG, Howard JA, Thompson TB, Rubin LL, Wagers AJ, Lee RT. GDF11 and aging biology - controversies resolved and pending. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:42. [PMID: 38235060 PMCID: PMC10793994 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Since the exogenous administration of GDF11, a TGF-ß superfamily member, was reported to have beneficial effects in some models of human disease, there have been many research studies in GDF11 biology. However, many studies have now confirmed that exogenous administration of GDF11 can improve physiology in disease models, including cardiac fibrosis, experimental stroke, and disordered metabolism. GDF11 is similar to GDF8 (also called Myostatin), differing only by 11 amino acids in their mature signaling domains. These two proteins are now known to be biochemically different both in vitro and in vivo. GDF11 is much more potent than GDF8 and induces more strongly SMAD2 phosphorylation in the myocardium compared to GDF8. GDF8 and GDF11 prodomain are only 52% identical and are cleaved by different Tolloid proteases to liberate the mature signaling domain from inhibition of the prodomain. Here, we review the state of GDF11 biology, highlighting both resolved and remaining controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ben Driss
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - John Lian
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan G. Walker
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - James A. Howard
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas B. Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ohyama K, Shinohara HM, Omura S, Kawachi T, Sato T, Toda K. PSmad3+/Olig2- expression defines a subpopulation of gfap-GFP+/Sox9+ neural progenitors and radial glia-like cells in mouse dentate gyrus through embryonic and postnatal development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1204012. [PMID: 37795190 PMCID: PMC10547214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1204012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse dentate gyrus, radial glia-like cells (RGLs) persist throughout life and play a critical role in the generation of granule neurons. A large body of evidence has shown that the combinatorial expression of transcription factors (TFs) defines cell types in the developing central nervous system (CNS). As yet, the identification of specific TFs that exclusively define RGLs in the developing mouse dentate gyrus (DG) remains elusive. Here we show that phospho-Smad3 (PSmad3) is expressed in a subpopulation of neural progenitors in the DG. During embryonic stage (E14-15), PSmad3 was predominantly expressed in gfap-GFP-positive (GFP+)/Sox2+ progenitors located at the lower dentate notch (LDN). As the development proceeds (E16-17), the vast majority of PSmad3+ cells were GFP+/Sox2+/Prox1low+/Ki67+ proliferative progenitors that eventually differentiated into granule neurons. During postnatal stage (P1-P6) PSmad3 expression was observed in GFP+ progenitors and astrocytes. Subsequently, at P14-P60, PSmad3 expression was found both in GFP+ RGLs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and astrocytes in the molecular layer (ML) and hilus. Notably, PSmad3+ SGZ cells did not express proliferation markers such as PCNA and phospho-vimentin, suggesting that they are predominantly quiescent from P14 onwards. Significantly PSmad3+/GFP+ astrocytes, but not SGZ cells, co-expressed Olig2 and S100β. Together, PSmad3+/Olig2- expression serves as an exclusive marker for a specific subpopulation of GFP+ neural progenitors and RGLs in the mouse DG during both embryonic and postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Ohyama
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhai Y, Ye SY, Wang QS, Xiong RP, Fu SY, Du H, Xu YW, Peng Y, Huang ZZ, Yang N, Zhao Y, Ning YL, Li P, Zhou YG. Overexpressed ski efficiently promotes neurorestoration, increases neuronal regeneration, and reduces astrogliosis after traumatic brain injury. Gene Ther 2023; 30:75-87. [PMID: 35132206 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors suffer from long-term disability and neuropsychiatric sequelae due to irreparable brain tissue destruction. However, there are still few efficient therapies to promote neurorestoration in damaged brain tissue. This study aimed to investigate whether the pro-oncogenic gene ski can promote neurorestoration after TBI. We established a ski-overexpressing experimental TBI mouse model using adenovirus-mediated overexpression through immediate injection after injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, MRI-based 3D lesion volume reconstruction, neurobehavioral tests, and analyses of neuronal regeneration and astrogliosis were used to assess neurorestorative efficiency. The effects of ski overexpression on the proliferation of cultured immature neurons and astrocytes were evaluated using imaging flow cytometry. The Ski protein level increased in the perilesional region at 3 days post injury. ski overexpression further elevated Ski protein levels up to 14 days post injury. Lesion volume was attenuated by approximately 36-55% after ski overexpression, with better neurobehavioral recovery, more newborn immature and mature neurons, and less astrogliosis in the perilesional region. Imaging flow cytometry results showed that ski overexpression elevated the proliferation rate of immature neurons and reduced the proliferation rate of astrocytes. These results show that ski can be considered a novel neurorestoration-related gene that effectively promotes neurorestoration, facilitates neuronal regeneration, and reduces astrogliosis after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhai
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yang Ye
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wang
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ping Xiong
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yu Fu
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Du
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wei Xu
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Huang
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lei Ning
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Roshan SA, Elangovan G, Gunaseelan D, Jayachandran SK, Kandasamy M, Anusuyadevi M. Pathogenomic Signature and Aberrant Neurogenic Events in Experimental Cerebral Ischemic Stroke: A Neurotranscriptomic-Based Implication for Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S289-S308. [PMID: 36776051 PMCID: PMC10473090 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic stroke is caused due to neurovascular damage or thrombosis, leading to neuronal dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and regenerative failure responsible for neurological deficits and dementia. The valid therapeutic targets against cerebral stroke remain obscure. Thus, insight into neuropathomechanisms resulting from the aberrant expression of genes appears to be crucial. OBJECTIVE In this study, we have elucidated how neurogenesis-related genes are altered in experimental stroke brains from the available transcriptome profiles in correlation with transcriptome profiles of human postmortem stroke brain tissues. METHODS The transcriptome datasets available on the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rat brains were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, National Center for Biotechnology Information. Of the available datasets, 97 samples were subjected to the meta-analysis using the network analyst tool followed by Cytoscape-based enrichment mapping analysis. The key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated and compared with transcriptome profiling of human stroke brains. RESULTS Results revealed 939 genes are differently expressed in the brains of the MCAo rat model of stroke, in which 30 genes are key markers of neural stem cells, and regulators of neurogenic processes. Its convergence with DEGs from human stroke brains has revealed common targets. CONCLUSION This study has established a panel of highly important DEGs to signify the potential therapeutic targets for neuroregenerative strategy against pathogenic events associated with cerebral stroke. The outcome of the findings can be translated to mitigate neuroregeneration failure seen in various neurological and metabolic disease manifestations with neurocognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aasish Roshan
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Elangovan
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharani Gunaseelan
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swaminathan K. Jayachandran
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Program (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Jaric I, Voelkl B, Clerc M, Schmid MW, Novak J, Rosso M, Rufener R, von Kortzfleisch VT, Richter SH, Buettner M, Bleich A, Amrein I, Wolfer DP, Touma C, Sunagawa S, Würbel H. The rearing environment persistently modulates mouse phenotypes from the molecular to the behavioural level. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001837. [PMID: 36269766 PMCID: PMC9629646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of an organism results from its genotype and the influence of the environment throughout development. Even when using animals of the same genotype, independent studies may test animals of different phenotypes, resulting in poor replicability due to genotype-by-environment interactions. Thus, genetically defined strains of mice may respond differently to experimental treatments depending on their rearing environment. However, the extent of such phenotypic plasticity and its implications for the replicability of research findings have remained unknown. Here, we examined the extent to which common environmental differences between animal facilities modulate the phenotype of genetically homogeneous (inbred) mice. We conducted a comprehensive multicentre study, whereby inbred C57BL/6J mice from a single breeding cohort were allocated to and reared in 5 different animal facilities throughout early life and adolescence, before being transported to a single test laboratory. We found persistent effects of the rearing facility on the composition and heterogeneity of the gut microbial community. These effects were paralleled by persistent differences in body weight and in the behavioural phenotype of the mice. Furthermore, we show that environmental variation among animal facilities is strong enough to influence epigenetic patterns in neurons at the level of chromatin organisation. We detected changes in chromatin organisation in the regulatory regions of genes involved in nucleosome assembly, neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that common environmental differences between animal facilities may produce facility-specific phenotypes, from the molecular to the behavioural level. Furthermore, they highlight an important limitation of inferences from single-laboratory studies and thus argue that study designs should take environmental background into account to increase the robustness and replicability of findings. The phenotype of an organism results not only from its genotype but also the influence of its environment throughout development. This study shows that common environmental differences between animal facilities can induce substantial variation in the phenotype of mice, thereby highlighting an important limitation of inferences from single-laboratory studies in animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jaric
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (IJ); (HW)
| | - Bernhard Voelkl
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Clerc
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janja Novak
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Rosso
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto Rufener
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - S. Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy, Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David P. Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chadi Touma
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanno Würbel
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (IJ); (HW)
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11
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Xie SS, Dong ZH, He Y, Chen ZW, Yang Q, Ma WX, Li C, Chen Y, Wang JN, Yu JT, Xu CH, Ni WJ, Hou R, Suo XG, Wen JG, Jin J, Li J, Liu MM, Meng XM. Cpd-0225 attenuates renal fibrosis via inhibiting ALK5. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115240. [PMID: 36070847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing public health concern, characterized by a reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased urinary albumin excretion. Renal fibrosis is an important pathological condition in patients with CKD. In this study, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic effect of Cpd-0225, a novel transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor (also known as ALK5) inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo, by comparing its effect with that of SB431542, a classic ALK5 inhibitor, which has not entered the clinical trial stage owing to multiple side effects. Our data showed that Cpd-0225 attenuated fibrotic response in TGF-β1-stimulated human kidney tubular epithelial cells and repeated hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated mouse tubular epithelial cells. We further confirmed that Cpd-0225 improved renal tubular injury and ameliorated collagen deposition in unilateral ureteral obstruction-, ischemia/reperfusion-, and aristolochic acid-induced mouse models of renal fibrosis. In addition, molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis showed that Cpd-0225 exerted a higher reno-protective effect than SB431542, by physically binding to the key amino acid residues, Lys232 and Lys335 of ALK5, thereby suppressing the phosphorylation of Smad3 and ERK1/2. Taken together, these findings suggest that Cpd-0225 administration attenuates renal fibrosis via ALK5-dependent mechanisms and displays a more effective therapeutic effect than SB431542. Thus, Cpd-0225 may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Xie
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ze-Hui Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan He
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zu-Wang Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wen-Xian Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chao Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ju-Tao Yu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chuan-Hui Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Jian Ni
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Guo Suo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Gen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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12
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Rousset F, Schilardi G, Sgroi S, Nacher-Soler G, Sipione R, Kleinlogel S, Senn P. WNT Activation and TGFβ-Smad Inhibition Potentiate Stemness of Mammalian Auditory Neuroprogenitors for High-Throughput Generation of Functional Auditory Neurons In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152431. [PMID: 35954276 PMCID: PMC9367963 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss affects over 460 million people worldwide and is a major socioeconomic burden. Both genetic and environmental factors (i.e., noise overexposure, ototoxic drug treatment and ageing), promote the irreversible degeneration of cochlear hair cells and associated auditory neurons, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. In contrast to birds, fish and amphibians, the mammalian inner ear is virtually unable to regenerate due to the limited stemness of auditory progenitors, and no causal treatment is able to prevent or reverse hearing loss. As of today, a main limitation for the development of otoprotective or otoregenerative therapies is the lack of efficient preclinical models compatible with high-throughput screening of drug candidates. Currently, the research field mainly relies on primary organotypic inner ear cultures, resulting in high variability, low throughput, high associated costs and ethical concerns. We previously identified and characterized the phoenix auditory neuroprogenitors (ANPGs) as highly proliferative progenitor cells isolated from the A/J mouse cochlea. In the present study, we aim at identifying the signaling pathways responsible for the intrinsic high stemness of phoenix ANPGs. A transcriptomic comparison of traditionally low-stemness ANPGs, isolated from C57Bl/6 and A/J mice at early passages, and high-stemness phoenix ANPGs was performed, allowing the identification of several differentially expressed pathways. Based on differentially regulated pathways, we developed a reprogramming protocol to induce high stemness in presenescent ANPGs (i.e., from C57Bl6 mouse). The pharmacological combination of the WNT agonist (CHIR99021) and TGFβ/Smad inhibitors (LDN193189 and SB431542) resulted in a dramatic increase in presenescent neurosphere growth, and the possibility to expand ANPGs is virtually limitless. As with the phoenix ANPGs, stemness-induced ANPGs could be frozen and thawed, enabling distribution to other laboratories. Importantly, even after 20 passages, stemness-induced ANPGs retained their ability to differentiate into electrophysiologically mature type I auditory neurons. Both stemness-induced and phoenix ANPGs resolve a main bottleneck in the field, allowing efficient, high-throughput, low-cost and 3R-compatible in vitro screening of otoprotective and otoregenerative drug candidates. This study may also add new perspectives to the field of inner ear regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Rousset
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Schilardi
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Sgroi
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - German Nacher-Soler
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Sipione
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Kleinlogel
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Senn
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of ORL and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Coffee Polyphenol, Chlorogenic Acid, Suppresses Brain Aging and Its Effects Are Enhanced by Milk Fat Globule Membrane Components. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105832. [PMID: 35628642 PMCID: PMC9145055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice feed with coffee polyphenols (CPP, chlorogenic acid) and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has increased survival rates and helps retain long-term memory. In the cerebral cortex of aged mice, CPP intake decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B. The suppression of inflammation in the brain during aging was thought to result in the suppression of the repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and prevention of brain aging. In contrast, CPP increased the expression of REST, cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the young hippocampus. The increased expression of these factors may contribute to the induction of neuronal differentiation and the suppression of memory decline with aging. Taken together, these results suggest that CPP increases CREB in the young hippocampus and suppresses inflammation in the old brain, resulting in a preventive effect on brain aging. The endotoxin levels were not elevated in the serum of aged mice. Although the mechanism of action of MFGM has not yet been elucidated, the increase in survival rate with both CPP and MFGM intake suggests that adding milk to coffee may improve not only the taste, but also the function.
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14
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. BKM120 alters the migration of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106226. [PMID: 35460881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BKM120 is an inhibitor of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and its anti-cancer effects have been demonstrated in various solid cancer models. BKM120 is highly brain permeable and has been reported to induce mood disturbances in clinical trials. Therefore, we examined whether BKM120 produces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice, as with patients receiving BKM120 in clinical trials. In this study, repeated BKM120 treatment (2.0 or 5.0mg/kg, i.p., five times at 12-h interval) significantly induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Although abnormal changes in hippocampal neurogenesis have been suggested to, at least in part, associated with the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, BKM120 did not affect the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or the expression of doublecortin (DCX); however, it significantly enhanced the radial migration of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. BKM120-induced changes in migration were not accompanied by obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Importantly, BKM120-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were positively correlated with the extent of DCX-positive cell migration. Concomitantly, p-Akt expression was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-DCX, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-GTP decreased significantly, particularly in aberrantly migrated DCX-positive cells. Together, the results suggest that repeated BKM120 treatment enhances the radial migration of DCX-positive cells and induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by regulating the activity of Akt, JNK, DCX, and RhoA in the dentate gyrus. It also suggests that the altered migration of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus plays a role in mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Small molecule C381 targets the lysosome to reduce inflammation and ameliorate disease in models of neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121609119. [PMID: 35259016 PMCID: PMC8931323 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121609119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood and difficult to treat. One common hallmark is lysosomal dysfunction leading to the accumulation of aggregates and other undegradable materials, which cause damage to brain resident cells. Lysosomes are acidic organelles responsible for breaking down biomolecules and recycling their constitutive parts. In this work, we find that the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective compound, discovered via a phenotypic screen, imparts its beneficial effects by targeting the lysosome and restoring its function. This is established using a genome-wide CRISPRi target identification screen and then confirmed using a variety of lysosome-targeted studies. The resulting small molecule from this study represents a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases as well as a research tool for the study of lysosomes in disease. Neurodegenerative diseases affect a rapidly growing number of the aging population globally. These conditions have proven extremely difficult to treat due to our limited understanding of their mechanisms, but they are characterized by protein aggregation, inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction, and neuronal death. Phenotypic drug screens promise to deliver “target agnostic” therapies without being hypothesis limited as with target-based screens. Here, we describe our work to develop and characterize small molecule C381. The compound is a benzyl urea derivative containing a piperidine ring. It is brain penetrant with a ClogP of 3.3 and an oral bioavailability of 48%. We tested the compound in Progranulin−/− mice (a model of lysosomal storage disease and frontotemporal dementia) and the chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) where it showed prominent antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In the PD model, C381 restored cognitive function and rescued dopaminergic neuron loss. To identify the target, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) drug target identification screen, which implicated the lysosome. After validating the screen results with individual knockdown cell lines, follow-up functional studies revealed that C381 physically targets the lysosome, promotes lysosomal acidification, increases breakdown of lysosomal cargo, and improves lysosome resilience to damage. As a first-in-class compound capable of restoring lysosomal function, C381 has the potential both as a therapeutic and as a research compound to better understand lysosomal contributions to disease progression. Together, our work has produced a promising drug candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases marked by lysosomal dysfunction.
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16
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Identification of TGFβ signaling as a regulator of interneuron neurogenesis in a human pluripotent stem cell model. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210020. [PMID: 34956651 PMCID: PMC8661503 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical interneurons are GABAergic inhibitory cells that connect locally in the neocortex and play a pivotal role in shaping cortical network activities. Dysfunction of these cells is believed to lead to runaway excitation underlying seizure-based diseases, such as epilepsy, autism and schizophrenia. There is a growing interest in using cortical interneurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells for understanding their complex development and for modeling neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we report the identification of a novel role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling in modulating interneuron progenitor maintenance and neuronal differentiation. TGFβ signaling inhibition suppresses terminal differentiation of interneuron progenitors, while exogenous TGFβ3 accelerates the transition of progenitors into postmitotic neurons. We provide evidence that TGFb signaling exerts this function via regulating cell cycle length of the NKX2.1+ neural progenitors. Together, the present study represents a useful platform for studying human interneuron development and interneuron-associated neurological diseases with human pluripotent stem cells.
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17
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Mayweather BA, Buchanan SM, Rubin LL. GDF11 expressed in the adult brain negatively regulates hippocampal neurogenesis. Mol Brain 2021; 14:134. [PMID: 34488822 PMCID: PMC8422669 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a transforming factor-β superfamily member that functions as a negative regulator of neurogenesis during embryonic development. However, when recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) is administered systemically in aged mice, it promotes neurogenesis, the opposite of its role during development. The goal of the present study was to reconcile this apparent discrepancy by performing the first detailed investigation into the expression of endogenous GDF11 in the adult brain and its effects on neurogenesis. Using quantitative histological analysis, we observed that Gdf11 is most highly expressed in adult neurogenic niches and non-neurogenic regions within the hippocampus, choroid plexus, thalamus, habenula, and cerebellum. To investigate the role of endogenous GDF11 during adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we generated a tamoxifen inducible mouse that allowed us to reduce GDF11 levels. Depletion of Gdf11 during adulthood increased proliferation of neural progenitors and decreased the number of newborn neurons in the hippocampus, suggesting that endogenous GDF11 remains a negative regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. These findings further support the idea that circulating systemic GDF11 and endogenously expressed GDF11 in the adult brain have different target cells or mechanisms of action. Our data describe a role for GDF11-dependent signaling in adult neurogenesis that has implications for how GDF11 may be used to treat CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Mayweather
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean M Buchanan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Sherman Fairchild Bldg, 7 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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18
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Gradari S, Herrera A, Tezanos P, Fontán-Lozano Á, Pons S, Trejo JL. The Role of Smad2 in Adult Neuroplasticity as Seen through Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning/Memory and Neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6836-6849. [PMID: 34210778 PMCID: PMC8360684 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2619-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural plasticity is an important and intriguing phenomenon in the brain, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is directly involved in modulating neural plasticity by mechanisms that are only partially understood. We have performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments to study Smad2, a transcription factor selected from genes that are demethylated after exercise through the analysis of an array of physical activity-induced factors, and their corresponding gene expression, and an efficient inducer of plasticity. In these studies, changes in cell number and morphology were analyzed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (cell proliferation and survival, including regional distribution, and structural maturation/differentiation, including arborization, dendritic spines, and neurotransmitter-specific vesicles) of sedentary male mice, after evaluation in a battery of behavioral tests. As a result, we reveal a role for Smad2 in the balance of proliferation versus maturation of differentiating immature cells (Smad2 silencing increases both the proliferation and survival of cycling cells in the dentate granule cell layer), and in the plasticity of both newborn and mature neurons in mice (by decreasing dendritic arborization and dendritic spine number). Moreover, Smad2 silencing specifically compromises spatial learning in mice (through impairments of spatial tasks acquisition both in long-term learning and working memory). These data suggest that Smad2 participates in adult neural plasticity by influencing the proliferation and maturation of dentate gyrus neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Smad2 is one of the main components of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. The commitment of cell fate in the nervous system is tightly coordinated by SMAD2 signaling, as are further differentiation steps (e.g., dendrite and axon growth, myelination, and synapse formation). However, there are no studies that have directly evaluated the role of Smad2 gene in hippocampus of adult animals. Modulation of these parameters in the adult hippocampus can affect hippocampal-dependent behaviors, which may shed light on the mechanisms that regulate adult neurogenesis and behavior. We demonstrate here a role for Smad2 in the maturation of differentiating immature cells and in the plasticity of mature neurons. Moreover, Smad2 silencing specifically compromises the spatial learning abilities of adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gradari
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Herrera
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Tezanos
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastián Pons
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Trejo
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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19
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TGF-β/Smad Signalling in Neurogenesis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061382. [PMID: 34205102 PMCID: PMC8226492 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/Smad signalling has been the subject of extensive research due to its role in the cell cycle and carcinogenesis. Modifications to the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway have been found to produce disparate effects on neurogenesis. We review the current research on canonical and non-canonical TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways and their functions in neurogenesis. We also examine the observed role of neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders and the relationship between TGF-β/Smad signalling and neurogenesis in response to stressors. Overlapping mechanisms of cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and the development of mood disorders in response to stressors suggest that TGF-β/Smad signalling is an important regulator of stress response and is implicated in the behavioural outcomes of mood disorders.
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20
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El-Malkey NF, Aref M, Emam H, Khalil SS. Impact of Melatonin on Full-Term Fetal Brain Development and Transforming Growth Factor-β Level in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2278-2291. [PMID: 33591564 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of stroke and cognitive impairment in the offspring. Melatonin is involved in the outcome of normal pregnancy. Its receptors are widespread in the embryo. This study aimed to investigate the fetal neuroprotective effect of melatonin in experimentally induced PE. After induction of pregnancy in 18 female rats, they were divided into three equal groups. PE was induced in groups II and III by injection of deoxycorticosterone acetate and drinking isotonic saline. Melatonin was supplied to group III orally (10 mg/kg body weight) throughout pregnancy. Pregnancy was terminated on day 20, and macroanatomical investigation of three fetuses from each pregnant rat and their placentae was performed. Placental and brain homogenates were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), placental growth factor (PLGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and brain transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Histopathological analysis of fetal brain sections was performed. Melatonin improved placental, fetal, and brain weight; significantly reduced fetal death rate; significantly increased PLGF, placental and brain superoxide dismutase, and brain TGF-β; and significantly decreased placental TNF-α and brain MDA. Brain micromorphological study found normal glial cells and neuropil in the melatonin-treated group and a loss of neuronal cell outlines with an accumulation of cellular debris in the untreated group. In conclusion, melatonin approximately showed a neuroprotective activity by managing PE-induced oxidative stress in the placenta and fetal cerebral cortex of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Aref
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqiya, Egypt
| | - Hassan Emam
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqiya, Egypt
| | - Sama Salah Khalil
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqiya, Egypt
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21
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Li F, Liu H, Zhang K, Xiao DJ, Wang C, Wang YS. Adipose-derived stromal cells improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury through TGF-β1/Smad3/PLOD2 pathway activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4370-4387. [PMID: 33495412 PMCID: PMC7906172 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improves functional recovery in experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Activation of procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2), a collagen-modifying enzyme, reportedly follows MSC transplantation in an SCI animal model. We investigated the regulation of PLOD2 expression and its potential contribution to the neuroprotective effects of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) following mechanical injury to neurons in vitro and SCI in vivo. ADSCs enhanced wound healing in vitro and promoted functional recovery after their implantation near injury sites in a rat SCI model. These effects correlated with upregulation of PLOD2, MAP2, NSE and GAP43, and downregulation of GFAP, which is indicative of improved neuronal survival and axonal regeneration as well as reduced glial scar formation. The neurorestorative effect of ADSCs was weakened after inhibition of PLOD2 expression. ADSCs appeared to induce PLOD2 upregulation via TGF-β1 secretion, as ADSC-mediated PLOD2 expression, neuronal survival, and functional recovery after SCI were largely prevented by SB431542, a TGF-(1 receptor inhibitor. These findings indicate that ADSCs reduce lesion size and promote functional recovery after SCI mainly through activation of a TGF-β1/P-Samd3/PLOD2 pathway in spinal cord neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Dong-Jie Xiao
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Jinan Dien Forensic Judical Appraisal Institute, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
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22
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Heppt J, Wittmann MT, Schäffner I, Billmann C, Zhang J, Vogt-Weisenhorn D, Prakash N, Wurst W, Taketo MM, Lie DC. β-catenin signaling modulates the tempo of dendritic growth of adult-born hippocampal neurons. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104472. [PMID: 32929771 PMCID: PMC7604596 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult hippocampal neurogenesis, stem/progenitor cells generate dentate granule neurons that contribute to hippocampal plasticity. The establishment of a morphologically defined dendritic arbor is central to the functional integration of adult‐born neurons. We investigated the role of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in dendritogenesis of adult‐born neurons. We show that canonical Wnt signaling follows a biphasic pattern, with high activity in stem/progenitor cells, attenuation in immature neurons, and reactivation during maturation, and demonstrate that this activity pattern is required for proper dendrite development. Increasing β‐catenin signaling in maturing neurons of young adult mice transiently accelerated dendritic growth, but eventually produced dendritic defects and excessive spine numbers. In middle‐aged mice, in which protracted dendrite and spine development were paralleled by lower canonical Wnt signaling activity, enhancement of β‐catenin signaling restored dendritic growth and spine formation to levels observed in young adult animals. Our data indicate that precise timing and strength of β‐catenin signaling are essential for the correct functional integration of adult‐born neurons and suggest Wnt/β‐catenin signaling as a pathway to ameliorate deficits in adult neurogenesis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Heppt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Billmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Daniela Vogt-Weisenhorn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Shih TW, Lee LJ, Chang HC, Lin HW, Chang MS. An important role of PHRF1 in dendritic architecture and memory formation by modulating TGF-β signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10857. [PMID: 32616804 PMCID: PMC7331665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PHRF1 is involved in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling to constrain the formation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in mouse APL models. PHRF1 also participates in modulating non-homologous end-joining. However, the role of PHRF1 in mammalian dendrite architecture and synaptic plasticity is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of PHRF1 in dendritic formation in the murine hippocampus using Camk2a promoter driven-iCre recombinase to conduct a PHRF1 conditional knockout, namely PHRF1Δ/Δ, in the forebrain region. PHRF1Δ/Δ mice developed normally, but exhibited anxiety-like behaviors and displayed defective spatial memory. Alterations of dendritic complexity in apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons were noticed in PHRF1Δ/Δ mutants. Furthermore, electrical stimulation in the hippocampal CA1 region after the TGF-β1 treatment showed a reduced synaptic plasticity in PHRF1Δ/Δ mice. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that PHRF1 ablation affected the TGF-β signaling. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PHRF1 is important for the dendritic architecture and required for spatial memory formation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Shih
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Chang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mau-Sun Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Zhao Y, Wang LH, Peng A, Liu XY, Wang Y, Huang SH, Liu T, Wang XJ, Chen ZY. The neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of growth differentiation factor 11 in cerebral ischemic injury. Brain Res 2020; 1737:146802. [PMID: 32220534 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, regulates various biological processes in mammals. The effect of GDF11 in brain injury has not been fully elucidated. Our aim was to investigate the effects of GDF11 in cerebral ischemic injury. The expression level of GDF11 increased significantly in the peri-infarct cerebral cortex. Next, the effect of the intracerebroventricular injection of a GDF11 overexpression lentivirus or rGDF11 was investigated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. The preventative effects of the GDF11 overexpression virus on stroke were observed. The delivery of the lentivirus into rats before MCAO significantly reduced the infarct volume and the percentage of apoptotic cells and improved motor function in MCAO rats. Furthermore, it elevated the expression of p-Smad2/3 and promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the ipsilateral SVZ during ischemic injury. More importantly, the therapeutic effects of rGDF11 on stroke were subsequently explored. The results in MCAO rats treated with rGDF11 were found similar to that in those treated with the GDF11 overexpression lentivirus. Together, these findings indicate that GDF11 has neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in cerebral ischemic injury and provide new insights into the function and mechanism of GDF11 in stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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25
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McClintick JN, Thapa K, Liu Y, Xuei X, Edenberg HJ. Effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and withdrawal on neuroblastoma cell transcriptome. Alcohol 2020; 85:119-126. [PMID: 31923563 PMCID: PMC7237278 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cycles of heavy drinking and abstinence can lead to alcohol use disorder. We studied the effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure (CIE) over 3 weeks on neuroblastoma cells, using an ethanol concentration frequently attained in binge drinking (40 mM, 184 mg/dL). There were many changes in gene expression but most were small. CIE affected pathways instrumental in the development or plasticity of neurons, including axonal guidance, reelin signaling, and synaptogenesis. Genes involved in dopamine and serotonin signaling were also affected. Changes in transporters and receptors could dampen both NMDA and norepinephrine transmissions. Decreased expression of the GABA transporter SLC6A11 could increase GABA transmission and has been associated with a switch from sweet drinking to ethanol consumption in rats. Ethanol increased stress responses such as the unfolded protein response. TGF-β and NFκB signaling were increased. Most of the genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis were decreased in expression. Withdrawal for 24 h after CIE caused most of the CIE-induced expression changes to move back toward unexposed levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kriti Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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26
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Chompre G, Martinez-Orengo N, Cruz M, Porter JT, Noel RJ. TGFβRI antagonist inhibits HIV-1 Nef-induced CC chemokine family ligand 2 (CCL2) in the brain and prevents spatial learning impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:262. [PMID: 31829243 PMCID: PMC6905066 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) progression is related to continued inflammation despite undetectable viral loads and may be caused by early viral proteins expressed by latently infected cells. Astrocytes represent an HIV reservoir in the brain where the early viral neurotoxin negative factor (Nef) is produced. We previously demonstrated that astrocytic expression of Nef in the hippocampus of rats causes inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and memory impairment. Since these processes are affected by TGFβ signaling pathways, and TGFβ-1 is found at higher levels in the central nervous system of HIV-1+ individuals and is released by astrocytes, we hypothesized a role for TGFβ-1 in our model of Nef neurotoxicity. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we compared cytokine gene expression by cultured astrocytes expressing Nef or green fluorescent protein. To determine the role of Nef and a TGFβRI inhibitor on memory and learning, we infused astrocytes expressing Nef into the hippocampus of rats and then treated them daily with an oral dose of SD208 (10 mg/kg) or placebo for 7 days. During this time, locomotor activity was recorded in an open field and spatial learning tested in the novel location recognition paradigm. Postmortem tissue analyses of inflammatory and signaling molecules were conducted using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS TGFβ-1 was induced in cultures expressing Nef at 24 h followed by CCL2 induction which was prevented by blocking TGFβRI with SD208 (competitive inhibitor). Interestingly, Nef seems to change the TGFβRI localization as suggested by the distribution of the immunoreactivity. Nef caused a deficit in spatial learning that was recovered upon co-administration of SD208. Brain tissue from Nef-treated rats given SD208 showed reduced CCL2, phospho-SMAD2, cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), and GFAP immunoreactivity compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with our previous findings, rats treated with Nef showed deficits in spatial learning and memory in the novel location recognition task. In contrast, rats treated with Nef + SD208 showed better spatial learning suggesting that Nef disrupts memory formation in a TGFβ-1-dependent manner. The TGFβRI inhibitor further reduced the induction of inflammation by Nef which was concomitant with decreased TGFβ signaling. Our findings suggest that TGFβ-1 signaling is an intriguing target to reduce neuroHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Chompre
- Biology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Neysha Martinez-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - Myrella Cruz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - James T Porter
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - Richard J Noel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA.
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27
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Tao L, Ma W, Wu L, Xu M, Yang Y, Zhang W, Sha W, Li H, Xu J, Feng R, Xue D, Zhang J, Dooley S, Seki E, Liu P, Liu C. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mediates hepatic stellate cell activation via ALK5/Smad signalling. Gut 2019; 68:2214-2227. [PMID: 31171625 PMCID: PMC6842044 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, its function in liver fibrosis has rarely been studied. Here, we investigated the role of GDNF in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis in humans and mice. DESIGN GDNF expression was examined in liver biopsies and sera from patients with liver fibrosis. The functional role of GDNF in liver fibrosis was examined in mice with adenoviral delivery of the GDNF gene, GDNF sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 and the administration of GDNF-blocking antibodies. GDNF was examined on HSC activation using human and mouse primary HSCs. The binding of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) to GDNF was determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), molecular docking, mutagenesis and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS GDNF mRNA and protein levels are significantly upregulated in patients with stage F4 fibrosis. Serum GDNF content correlates positively with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Col1A1 mRNA in human fibrotic livers. Mice with overexpressed GDNF display aggravated liver fibrosis, while mice with silenced GDNF expression or signalling inhibition by GDNF-blocking antibodies have reduced fibrosis and HSC activation. GDNF is confined mainly to HSCs and contributes to HSC activation through ALK5 at His39 and Asp76 and through downstream signalling via Smad2/3, but not through GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1). GDNF, ALK5 and α-SMA colocalise in human and mouse HSCs, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS GDNF promotes HSC activation and liver fibrosis through ALK5/Smad signalling. Inhibition of GDNF could be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Laboratory of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, PutuoHospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, PutuoHospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Wu
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, PutuoHospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Sha
- Departmentof Endocrinology and Metabolism, PutuoHospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongshan Li
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rilu Feng
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dongying Xue
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, PutuoHospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, PutuoHospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Laboratory of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, PutuoHospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Heo JI, Kim KI, Woo SK, Kim JS, Choi KJ, Lee HJ, Kim KS. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Protects Brain Vascular Endothelial Cells from Radiation-Induced Brain Damage. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101230. [PMID: 31658727 PMCID: PMC6830118 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its main receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), play a critical role in endothelial cell function regulation during cardiogenesis, angiogenesis, and reendothelialization after injury. The expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 in brain endothelial cells decreases due to ionizing radiation treatment and aging. SDF-1 protein treatment in the senescent and radiation-damaged cells reduced several senescence phenotypes, such as decreased cell proliferation, upregulated p53 and p21 expression, and increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, through CXCR4-dependent signaling. By inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3), we confirmed that activation of both is important in recovery by SDF-1-related mechanisms. A CXCR4 agonist, ATI2341, protected brain endothelial cells from radiation-induced damage. In irradiation-damaged tissue, ATI2341 treatment inhibited cell death in the villi of the small intestine and decreased SA-β-gal activity in arterial tissue. An ischemic injury experiment revealed no decrease in blood flow by irradiation in ATI2341-administrated mice. ATI2341 treatment specifically affected CXCR4 action in mouse brain vessels and partially restored normal cognitive ability in irradiated mice. These results demonstrate that SDF-1 and ATI2341 may offer potential therapeutic approaches to recover tissues damaged during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, particularly by protecting vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ik Heo
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- School of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Divisions of Radio-Isotope Applied Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Divisions of Radio-Isotope Applied Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kyu Jin Choi
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Divisions of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- School of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Zhang T, Li X, Li Y, Wang H. Inhibition of TGF-β-Smad signaling attenuates hyperoxia-induced brain damage in newborn rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3772-3781. [PMID: 31933765 PMCID: PMC6949745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and functions in pathologic processes, including hyperoxia. In the present study, we investigated the expression and functional role of TGF-β in brain tissue during hyperoxia-induced brain damage. Three days old neonatal rats were treated with hyperoxic conditions (80% O2) for 7 days, followed by TGF-β, Smad, and MAPK detection by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The functional role of TGF-β was assessed by treating hyperoxic neonatal rats with neutralizing antibody against TGF-β and caffeine, followed by histological and myelin basic protein (MBP) staining. Our results demonstrated upregulation of TGF-β and activation of the Smad/MAPK signaling pathway in brain tissue of neonatal rats under hyperoxic conditions. Injection of neutralizing antibody against TGF-β efficiently blocked TGF-β expression, accompanied by inactivation of the Smad/MAPK signaling pathway. Further evidence confirmed the attenuation of hyperoxia-induced brain damage by a neutralizing antibody against TGF-β in neonatal rats. Similar attenuation was also observed for caffeine. Collectively, our results indicate that TGF-β is a therapy target for hyperoxia-induced brain damage in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, P. R. China
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The rs3761548 FOXP3 variant is associated with multiple sclerosis and transforming growth factor β1 levels in female patients. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:933-943. [PMID: 31414141 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between rs3761548 FOXP3 (-3279 C > A) variant and multiple sclerosis (MS), disability, disability progression, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 plasma levels in MS patients. METHODS AND SUBJECTS The study included 170 MS patients and 182 controls. Disability was evaluated using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and categorized as mild (EDSS ≤ 3) and moderate/high (EDSS > 3). Disability progression was evaluated using Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). The rs3761548 variant was determined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were determined using immunofluorimetric assay. RESULTS CA and AA genotypes were associated with MS [odds ratio (OR) 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-3.53, p = 0.012; OR 8.19, 95% CI 3.04-22.07, p < 0.001, respectively). With the dominant model, the CA + AA genotypes were associated with MS (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.50-4.37, p < 0.001). In the recessive model, the AA genotype was also associated with MS (OR 5.38, 95% CI 2.12-13.64, p < 0.001). After adjustment by age, ethnicity, BMI and smoking, all these results remained significant, as well as female patients carrying the CA + AA genotypes showed higher TGF-β1 than those carrying the CC genotype (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.001-1.054, p = 0.043). No association was observed between the genotypes and disability, disability progression and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the A allele of FOXP3 -3279 C > A variant may exert a role in the T regulatory cell function, which could be one of the factors involved in the susceptibility for MS in females.
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31
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Circulating factors in young blood as potential therapeutic agents for age-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:15-23. [PMID: 31400495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal studies on heterochronic parabiosis (a technique combining the blood circulation of two animals) have revealed that young blood has a powerful rejuvenating effect on brain aging. Circulating factors, especially growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), may play a key role in this effect, which inspires hope for novel approaches to treating age-related cerebral diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Recently, attempts have begun to translate these astonishing and exciting findings from mice to humans and from bench to bedside. However, increasing reports have shown contradictory data, questioning the capacity of these circulating factors to reverse age-related brain dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of young blood, as well as the circulating factors GDF11 and CCL11, in the aging brain and age-related cerebral diseases. We highlight recent controversies, discuss related challenges and provide a future outlook.
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32
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Chang KC, Sun C, Cameron EG, Madaan A, Wu S, Xia X, Zhang X, Tenerelli K, Nahmou M, Knasel CM, Russano KR, Hertz J, Goldberg JL. Opposing Effects of Growth and Differentiation Factors in Cell-Fate Specification. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1963-1975.e5. [PMID: 31155355 PMCID: PMC6581615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Following ocular trauma or in diseases such as glaucoma, irreversible vision loss is due to the death of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurons. Although strategies to replace these lost cells include stem cell replacement therapy, few differentiated stem cells turn into RGC-like neurons. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of RGC differentiation in vivo may improve outcomes of cell transplantation by directing the fate of undifferentiated cells toward mature RGCs. Here, we report a new mechanism by which growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a ligand in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, strongly promotes RGC differentiation in the developing retina in vivo in rodent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This effect is in direct contrast to the closely related ligand GDF-11, which suppresses RGC-fate specification. We find these opposing effects are due in part to GDF-15's ability to specifically suppress Smad-2, but not Smad-1, signaling induced by GDF-11, which can be recapitulated by pharmacologic or genetic blockade of Smad-2 in vivo to increase RGC specification. No other retinal cell types were affected by GDF-11 knockout, but a slight reduction in photoreceptor cells was observed by GDF-15 knockout in the developing retina in vivo. These data define a novel regulatory mechanism of GDFs' opposing effects and their relevance in RGC differentiation and suggest a potential approach for advancing ESC-to-RGC cell-based replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Catalina Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Evan G Cameron
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Suqian Wu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Eye, Ear, Nose, & Throat Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin Tenerelli
- Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Nahmou
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cara M Knasel
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kristina R Russano
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jonathan Hertz
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Raffo-Romero A, Arab T, Van Camp C, Lemaire Q, Wisztorski M, Franck J, Aboulouard S, Le Marrec-Croq F, Sautiere PE, Vizioli J, Salzet M, Lefebvre C. ALK4/5-dependent TGF-β signaling contributes to the crosstalk between neurons and microglia following axonal lesion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6896. [PMID: 31053759 PMCID: PMC6499822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity is closely influenced by glia, especially microglia which are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia in medicinal leech are the only cells able to migrate to the injury site within the 24 hours post-lesion. The microglia-neuron interactions constitute an important mechanism as there is neither astrocyte nor oligodendrocyte in the leech CNS. Given that axonal sprouting is impaired when microglia recruitment is inhibited, the crosstalk between microglia and neurons plays a crucial role in neuroprotection. The present results show that neurons and microglia both use ALK4/5 (a type of TGF-β receptor) signaling in order to maintain mutual exchanges in an adult brain following an axonal injury. Indeed, a TGF-β family member (nGDF) is immediately released by injured axons contributing to the early recruitment of ALK4/5+ microglia to the lesion site. Surprisingly, within the following hours, nGDF from microglia activates ALK4/5+ neurons to maintain a later microglia accumulation in lesion. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ALK4/5 signaling is essential throughout the response to the lesion in the leech CNS and gives a new insight in the understanding of this pathway. This latter is an important signal contributing to a correct sequential mobilization over time of microglia recruitment leading to axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Raffo-Romero
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanina Arab
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christelle Van Camp
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Franck
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francoise Le Marrec-Croq
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Eric Sautiere
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Vizioli
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Salzet
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Lefebvre
- University Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000, Lille, France.
- EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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ALK5 signaling pathway mediates neurogenesis and functional recovery after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats via Gadd45b. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:360. [PMID: 31043581 PMCID: PMC6494915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) serves critical functions in brain injury, especially in cerebral ischemia; however, apart from its neuroprotective effects, its role in regulating neurogenesis is unclear. TGF-β acts in different ways; the most important, canonical TGF-β activity involves TGF-β receptor I (TβRI) or the activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) signaling pathway. ALK5 signaling is a major determinant of adult neurogenesis. In our previous studies, growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45b (Gadd45b) mediated axonal plasticity after stroke. Here, we hypothesized that ALK5 signaling regulates neural plasticity and neurological function recovery after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) via Gadd45b. First, ALK5 expression was significantly increased in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats. Then, we knocked down or overexpressed ALK5 with lentivirus (LV) in vivo. ALK5 knockdown reduced axonal and dendritic plasticity, with a concomitant decrease in neurological function recovery. Conversely, ALK5 overexpression significantly increased neurogenesis as well as functional recovery. Furthermore, ALK5 mediated Gadd45b protein levels by regulating Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Finally, ALK5 coimmunoprecipitated with Gadd45b. Our results suggested that the ALK5 signaling pathway plays a critical role in mediating neural plasticity and neurological function recovery via Gadd45b after cerebral ischemia, representing a new potential target for cerebral I/R injury.
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35
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Abstract
Cytokines, in addition to their participation in immune and inflammatory processes, play an important role in synaptic plasticity, neoneurogenesis, and cognitive functions. In our work, we aimed to clarify the role of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is recognized as a multifunctional cytokine, in memory processes. Behavioral experiments were carried out in rats using step-through passive avoidance test. The results obtained showed that the learning of animals after treatment with SB431542, a selective inhibitor of TGF-β receptors, was impaired, which indicated a significant memory deterioration. Nevertheless, the memory of rats remained at the control level when TGF-β and SB431542 were coadministered. Thus, the role of TGF-β in memory retrieval after the passive avoidance test was revealed: memory in rats was weakened if the TGF-β signaling pathway was inhibited during learning. Evidently, successful consolidation of at least some types of memory requires a normal level of TGF-β, indicating the modulation of cognitive functions by cytokines under normal physiological conditions.
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36
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Arnold TD, Lizama CO, Cautivo KM, Santander N, Lin L, Qiu H, Huang EJ, Liu C, Mukouyama YS, Reichardt LF, Zovein AC, Sheppard D. Impaired αVβ8 and TGFβ signaling lead to microglial dysmaturation and neuromotor dysfunction. J Exp Med 2019; 216:900-915. [PMID: 30846482 PMCID: PMC6446869 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a pivotal role in the coordination of brain development and have emerged as a critical determinant in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of microglia in the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders is less clear. Here we show that conditional deletion of αVβ8 from the central nervous system (Itgb8ΔCNS mice) blocks microglia in their normal stepwise development from immature precursors to mature microglia. These "dysmature" microglia appear to result from reduced TGFβ signaling during a critical perinatal window, are distinct from microglia with induced reduction in TGFβ signaling during adulthood, and directly cause a unique neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by oligodendrocyte maturational arrest, interneuron loss, and spastic neuromotor dysfunction. Consistent with this, early (but not late) microglia depletion completely reverses this phenotype. Together, these data identify novel roles for αVβ8 and TGFβ signaling in coordinating microgliogenesis with brain development and implicate abnormally programmed microglia or their products in human neurodevelopmental disorders that share this neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicolas Santander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucia Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Louis F Reichardt
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ann C Zovein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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37
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Li Q, Wang P, Huang C, Chen B, Liu J, Zhao M, Zhao J. N-Acetyl Serotonin Protects Neural Progenitor Cells Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Improves Neurogenesis in Adult Mouse Hippocampus Following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:574-588. [PMID: 30684239 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, with primary mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs), we investigated the neuroprotective effect of a tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) agonist, N-acetyl serotonin (NAS), against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity. We found that pre-incubation with NAS not only ameliorates H2O2-induced cell viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and proliferative and migratory capacity impairments, but counteracts H2O2-triggered production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, pre-treatment with NAS was able to attenuate H2O2-induced apoptosis in NPCs, evidenced by the decreased percentage of apoptotic cells and altered expression of apoptosis-related factors. Furthermore, in differentiated NPCs, NAS improves H2O2-induced reduction in neurite growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that the protective effects of NAS in NPCs may be mediated by the TrkB/PI3K/Akt/ cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling cascades. In a mouse traumatic brain injury (TBI) model, we found that systemic administration of 30 mg/kg NAS could improve hippocampal neurogenesis, manifested by the increased number of SOX-2-positive cells and increased expression of phosphorylated CREB in the dentate gyrus (DG) area. Treatment with NAS also ameliorates cognitive impairments caused by TBI, as assessed by Y-maze and contextual and cued fear conditioning tests. Taken together, these results provide valuable insights into the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of NAS, suggesting it may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chuixue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Baozhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiannong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China.
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Dennis CV, Suh LS, Rodriguez ML, Kril JJ, Sutherland GT. Response to: Comment on 'Human adult neurogenesis across the ages: An immunohistochemical study'. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 43:452-454. [PMID: 28218954 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C V Dennis
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - L S Suh
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - M L Rodriguez
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - J J Kril
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - G T Sutherland
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Muckom R, McFarland S, Yang C, Perea B, Gentes M, Murugappan A, Tran E, Dordick JS, Clark DS, Schaffer DV. High-throughput combinatorial screening reveals interactions between signaling molecules that regulate adult neural stem cell fate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:193-205. [PMID: 30102775 PMCID: PMC6289657 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancing our knowledge of how neural stem cell (NSC) behavior in the adult hippocampus is regulated has implications for elucidating basic mechanisms of learning and memory as well as for neurodegenerative disease therapy. To date, numerous biochemical cues from the endogenous hippocampal NSC niche have been identified as modulators of NSC quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation; however, the complex repertoire of signaling factors within stem cell niches raises the question of how cues act in combination with one another to influence NSC physiology. To help overcome experimental bottlenecks in studying this question, we adapted a high-throughput microculture system, with over 500 distinct microenvironments, to conduct a systematic combinatorial screen of key signaling cues and collect high-content phenotype data on endpoint NSC populations. This novel application of the platform consumed only 0.2% of reagent volumes used in conventional 96-well plates, and resulted in the discovery of numerous statistically significant interactions among key endogenous signals. Antagonistic relationships between fibroblast growth factor 2, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and Wnt-3a were found to impact NSC proliferation and differentiation, whereas a synergistic relationship between Wnt-3a and Ephrin-B2 on neuronal differentiation and maturation was found. Furthermore, TGF-β and bone morphogenetic protein 4 combined with Wnt-3a and Ephrin-B2 resulted in a coordinated effect on neuronal differentiation and maturation. Overall, this study offers candidates for further elucidation of significant mechanisms guiding NSC fate choice and contributes strategies for enhancing control over stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Muckom
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Chun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Brian Perea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Megan Gentes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Abirami Murugappan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Eric Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Douglas S. Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720
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40
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Ozek C, Krolewski RC, Buchanan SM, Rubin LL. Growth Differentiation Factor 11 treatment leads to neuronal and vascular improvements in the hippocampus of aged mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17293. [PMID: 30470794 PMCID: PMC6251885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the biggest risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases. Parabiosis experiments have established that old mouse brains are improved by exposure to young mouse blood. Previously, our lab showed that delivery of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) to the bloodstream increases the number of neural stem cells and positively affects vasculature in the subventricular zone of old mice. Our new study demonstrates that GDF11 enhances hippocampal neurogenesis, improves vasculature and increases markers of neuronal activity and plasticity in the hippocampus and cortex of old mice. Our experiments also demonstrate that systemically delivered GDF11, rather than crossing the blood brain barrier, exerts at least some of its effects by acting on brain endothelial cells. Thus, by targeting the cerebral vasculature, GDF11 has a very different mechanism from that of previously studied circulating factors acting to improve central nervous system (CNS) function without entering the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Ozek
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Richard C Krolewski
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sean M Buchanan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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41
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Dehghani R, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. MicroRNA in Alzheimer's disease revisited: implications for major neuropathological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:161-182. [PMID: 28941357 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) goes far beyond neurotoxicity resulting from extracellular deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Aberrant cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of Aβ in the form of the plaque or neurofibrillary tangles are the known primary culprits of AD pathogenesis and target for various regulatory mechanisms. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau, a major component of neurofibrillary tangles, precipitates its aggregation and prevents its clearance. Lipid particles, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors can act in favor or against Aβ and tau accumulation by altering neural membrane characteristics or dynamics of transport across the blood-brain barrier. Lipids also alter the oxidative/anti-oxidative milieu of the central nervous system (CNS). Irregular cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial stress and apoptosis, which follow both, are also implicated in AD-related neuronal loss. Dysfunction in synaptic transmission and loss of neural plasticity contribute to AD. Neuroinflammation is a final trail for many of the pathologic mechanisms while playing an active role in initiation of AD pathology. Alterations in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD and their relevance to AD pathology have long been a focus of interest. Herein we focused on the precise pathomechanisms of AD in which miRNAs were implicated. We performed literature search through PubMed and Scopus using the search term: ('Alzheimer Disease') OR ('Alzheimer's Disease') AND ('microRNAs' OR 'miRNA' OR 'MiR') to reach for relevant articles. We show how a limited number of common dysregulated pathways and abnormal mechanisms are affected by various types of miRNAs in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Dehghani
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Students Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
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42
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Zhong Q, Laco F, Liao MC, Woo TL, Oh SKW, Chai CLL. Influencing the Fate of Cardiac and Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Using Small Molecule Inhibitors of ALK5. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:709-720. [PMID: 30063296 PMCID: PMC6186272 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 50 tri-substituted imidazoles (TIs), which are analogs of the small molecules TA-01 and SB203580, were synthesized and screened for cardiomyogenic activities. Several TIs displayed cardiomyogenic activities when applied during the differentiation from days 3-5. The TIs did not affect the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during cardiomyogenesis and the likely mechanism of action is through the inhibition of ALK5 of the TGFβ pathway. Interestingly, these TIs promoted the neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with a similar potency to that of the dual SMAD inhibitors SB431542/LDN-193189 when dosed from days 1 to 9. The neural induction activities of the TIs correlated with their ALK5 inhibitory activities. This study reports the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of ALK5, which can promote the differentiation of hPSCs into cardiomyocytes or neural cells depending on the time of dosing, showing potential for the production of clinical-grade cardiac/neural cells for regenerative therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:709-720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Filip Laco
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Mei-Chih Liao
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Tsung L Woo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Steve K W Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Christina L L Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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43
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Canonical TGF-β Signaling Negatively Regulates Neuronal Morphogenesis through TGIF/Smad Complex-Mediated CRMP2 Suppression. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4791-4810. [PMID: 29695415 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2423-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuronal connectivity requires proper neuronal morphogenesis and its dysregulation causes neurodevelopmental diseases. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family cytokines play pivotal roles in development, but little is known about their contribution to morphological development of neurons. Here we show that the Smad-dependent canonical signaling of TGF-β family cytokines negatively regulates neuronal morphogenesis during brain development. Mechanistically, activated Smads form a complex with transcriptional repressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF), and downregulate the expression of a neuronal polarity regulator, collapsin response mediator protein 2. We also demonstrate that TGF-β family signaling inhibits neurite elongation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β receptor 1, Smad4, or TGIF, which have mutations found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, disrupted neuronal morphogenesis in both mouse (male and female) and human (female) neurons. Together, these findings suggest that the regulation of neuronal morphogenesis by an evolutionarily conserved function of TGF-β signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Canonical transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a crucial role in multiple organ development, including brain, and mutations in components of the signaling pathway associated with several human developmental disorders. In this study, we found that Smads/TG-interacting factor-dependent canonical TGF-β signaling regulates neuronal morphogenesis through the suppression of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) expression during brain development, and that function of this signaling is evolutionarily conserved in the mammalian brain. Mutations in canonical TGF-β signaling factors identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders disrupt the morphological development of neurons. Thus, our results suggest that proper control of TGF-β/Smads/CRMP2 signaling pathways is critical for the precise execution of neuronal morphogenesis, whose impairment eventually results in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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44
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Zhao Y, Liu C, Liu J, Kong Q, Mao Y, Cheng H, Li N, Zhang X, Li C, Li Y, Liu L, Ding Z. HSPA12B promotes functional recovery after ischaemic stroke through an eNOS-dependent mechanism. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2252-2262. [PMID: 29411514 PMCID: PMC5867065 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. HSPA12B, a heat-shock protein recently identified expression specifically in endothelial cells, is able to promote angiogenesis. Here, we have investigated its effects on functional recovery at chronic phase of ischaemic stroke. Ischaemic stroke was induced by 60 min. of middle cerebral artery occlusion in transgenic mice with overexpression of HSPA12B (HSPA12B Tg) and wild-type littermates (WT). HSPA12B Tg mice demonstrated a significant higher survival rate than WT mice within 28 days post-stroke. Significant improved neurological functions, increased spontaneous locomotor activity and decreased anxiety were detected inHSPA12B Tg mice compared with WT controls within 21 days post-stroke. Stroke-induced hippocampal degeneration was attenuated in HSPA12B Tg mice examined at day 28 post-stroke. Interestingly, HSPA12B Tg mice showed enhanced peri-infarct angiogenesis (examined 28 days post-stroke) and hippocampal neurogenesis (examined 7 days post-stroke), respectively, compared to WT mice. The stroke-induced eNOS phosphorylation and TGF-β1 expression were augmented in HSPA12B Tg mice. However, administration with eNOS inhibitor L-NAME diminished the HSPA12B-induced protection in neurological functional recovery and mice survival post-stroke. The data suggest that HSPA12B promoted functional recovery and survival after stroke in an eNOS-dependent mechanism. Targeting HSPA12B expression may have a therapeutic potential for the stroke-evoked functional disability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhao
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Departments of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiuyue Kong
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Cheng
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nan Li
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xioajin Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Departments of SurgeryEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTNUSA
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of PathophysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Liu
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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45
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Growth differentiation factor 11 improves neurobehavioral recovery and stimulates angiogenesis in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:38-47. [PMID: 29432795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent suggestion that growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) acts as a rejuvenation factor has remained controversial. However, in addition to its role in aging, the relationship between GDF11 and cerebral ischemia is still an important area that needs more investigation. Here we examined effects of GDF11 on angiogenesis and recovery of neurological function in a rat model of stroke. Exogenous recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) at different doses were directly injected into the tail vein in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Neurobehavioral tests were performed, the proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and GDF11 downstream signal activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) were assessed, and functional microvessels were measured. Results showed that rGDF11 at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg/day could effectively activate cerebral angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, rGDF11 improved the modified neurological severity scores and the adhesive removal somatosensory test, promoted proliferation of ECs, induced ALK5 and increased vascular surface area and the number of vascular branch points in the peri-infarct cerebral cortex after cerebral I/R. These effects were suppressed by blocking ALK5. Our novel findings shed new light on the role of GDF11. Our results strongly suggest that GDF11 improves neurofunctional recovery from cerebral I/R injury and that this effect is mediated partly through its proangiogenic effect in the peri-infarct cerebral cortex, which is associated with ALK5. Thus, GDF11/ALK5 may represent new therapeutic targets for aiding recovery from stroke.
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46
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Chen JJ, Wang T, An CD, Jiang CY, Zhao J, Li S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a mediator of inflammation-associated neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:793-811. [PMID: 27508959 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In early- or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammation, which is triggered by pathologic conditions, influences the progression of neurodegeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a crucial mediator of neurogenesis, because it exhibits a remarkable activity-dependent regulation of expression, which suggests that it may link inflammation to neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that acute and chronic inflammation in AD differentially modulates neurotrophin functions, which are related to the roles of inflammation in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies also indicate novel mechanisms of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection, including the modulation of autophagy. Numerous research studies have demonstrated reverse parallel alterations between proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF during neurodegeneration; thus, we hypothesize that one mechanism that underlies the negative impact of chronic inflammation on neurogenesis is the reduction of BDNF production and function by proinflammatory cytokines.
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47
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Ziegler-Waldkirch S, d'Errico P, Sauer JF, Erny D, Savanthrapadian S, Loreth D, Katzmarski N, Blank T, Bartos M, Prinz M, Meyer-Luehmann M. Seed-induced Aβ deposition is modulated by microglia under environmental enrichment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2017; 37:167-182. [PMID: 29229786 PMCID: PMC5770788 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by severe neuronal loss as well as the accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ), which ultimately leads to plaque formation. Although there is now a general agreement that the aggregation of Aβ can be initiated by prion‐like seeding, the impact and functional consequences of induced Aβ deposits (Aβ seeding) on neurons still remain open questions. Here, we find that Aβ seeding, representing early stages of plaque formation, leads to a dramatic decrease in proliferation and neurogenesis in two APP transgenic mouse models. We further demonstrate that neuronal cell death occurs primarily in the vicinity of induced Aβ deposits culminating in electrophysiological abnormalities. Notably, environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise not only revives adult neurogenesis and reverses memory deficits but, most importantly, prevents Aβ seeding by activated, phagocytic microglia cells. Our work expands the current knowledge regarding Aβ seeding and the consequences thereof and attributes microglia an important role in diminishing Aβ seeding by environmental enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ziegler-Waldkirch
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paolo d'Errico
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Physiology I, Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Erny
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shakuntala Savanthrapadian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Physiology I, Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Desirée Loreth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Katzmarski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blank
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Physiology I, Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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48
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TGF-β Signaling in Dopaminergic Neurons Regulates Dendritic Growth, Excitatory-Inhibitory Synaptic Balance, and Reversal Learning. Cell Rep 2017; 17:3233-3245. [PMID: 28009292 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits involving midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons regulate reward and goal-directed behaviors. Although local GABAergic input is known to modulate DA circuits, the mechanism that controls excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance in DA neurons remains unclear. Here, we show that DA neurons use autocrine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling to promote the growth of axons and dendrites. Surprisingly, removing TGF-β type II receptor in DA neurons also disrupts the balance in TGF-β1 expression in DA neurons and neighboring GABAergic neurons, which increases inhibitory input, reduces excitatory synaptic input, and alters phasic firing patterns in DA neurons. Mice lacking TGF-β signaling in DA neurons are hyperactive and exhibit inflexibility in relinquishing learned behaviors and re-establishing new stimulus-reward associations. These results support a role for TGF-β in regulating the delicate balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic input in local microcircuits involving DA and GABAergic neurons and its potential contributions to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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49
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Borsini A, Cattaneo A, Malpighi C, Thuret S, Harrison NA, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM. Interferon-Alpha Reduces Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Increases Apoptosis via Activation of Distinct STAT1-Dependent Mechanisms. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:187-200. [PMID: 29040650 PMCID: PMC5793815 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, interferon-α treatment for chronic viral hepatitis is a well-recognized clinical model for inflammation-induced depression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. Following peripheral administration in rodents, interferon-α induces signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) within the hippocampus and disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS We used the human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C to evaluate the effects of 2 concentrations of interferon-α, similar to those observed in human serum during its therapeutic use (500 pg/mL and 5000 pg/mL), on neurogenesis and apoptosis. RESULTS Both concentrations of interferon-α decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, with the high concentration also increasing apoptosis. Moreover, interferon-α increased the expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via activation of STAT1. Like interferon-α, co-treatment with a combination of ISG15, USP18, and IL-6 was able to reduce neurogenesis and enhance apoptosis via further downstream activation of STAT1. Further experiments showed that ISG15 and USP18 mediated the interferon-α-induced reduction in neurogenesis (potentially through upregulation of the ISGylation-related proteins UBA7, UBE2L6, and HERC5), while IL-6 mediated the interferon-α-induced increase in apoptosis (potentially through downregulation of aquaporin 4). Using transcriptomic analyses, we showed that interferon-α regulated pathways involved in oxidative stress and immune response (e.g., Nuclear Factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 [Nrf2] and interferon regulatory factor [IRF] signaling pathway), neuronal formation (e.g., CAMP response element-binding protein [CREB] signaling), and cell death regulation (e.g., tumor protein(p)53 signaling). CONCLUSIONS We identify novel molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of interferon-α on the human hippocampus potentially involved in inflammation-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borsini
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom,King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom,Correspondence: Alessandra Borsini, PhD, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Lab and Perinatal Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT ()
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom,IRCCS Fatebenefratelli Institute, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Malpighi
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,IRCCS Fatebenefratelli Institute, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Harrison
- University of Sussex, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom,IRCCS Fatebenefratelli Institute, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
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50
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Gómez C, Jimeno D, Fernández-Medarde A, García-Navas R, Calzada N, Santos E. Ras-GRF2 regulates nestin-positive stem cell density and onset of differentiation during adult neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:127-147. [PMID: 28966131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various parameters of neurogenesis were analyzed in parallel in the two neurogenic areas (the Dentate Gyrus[DG] and the Subventricular Zone[SVZ]/Rostral Migratory Stream[RMS]/Main Olfactory Bulb[MOB] neurogenic system) of adult WT and KO mouse strains for the Ras-GRF1/2 genes (Ras-GRF1-KO, Ras-GRF2-KO, Ras-GRF1/2-DKO). Significantly reduced numbers of doublecortin[DCX]-positive cells were specifically observed in the DG, but not the SVZ/RMS/MOB neurogenic region, of Ras-GRF2-KO and Ras-GRF1/2-DKO mice indicating that this novel Ras-GRF2-dependent phenotype is spatially restricted to a specific neurogenic area. Consistent with a role of CREB as mediator of Ras-GRF2 function in neurogenesis, the density of p-CREB-positive cells was also specifically reduced in all neurogenic regions of Ras-GRF2-KO and DKO mice. Similar levels of early neurogenic proliferation markers (Ki67, BrdU) were observed in all different Ras-GRF genotypes analyzed but significantly elevated levels of nestin-immunolabel, particularly of undifferentiated, highly ramified, A-type nestin-positive neurons were specifically detected in the DG but not the SVZ/RMS/MOB of Ras-GRF2-KO and DKO mice. Together with assays of other neurogenic markers (GFAP, Sox2, Tuj1, NeuN), these observations suggest that the deficit of DCX/p-CREB-positive cells in the DG of Ras-GRF2-depleted mice does not involve impaired neuronal proliferation but rather delayed transition from the stem cell stage to the differentiation stages of the neurogenic process. This model is also supported by functional analyses of DG-derived neurosphere cultures and transcriptional characterization of the neurogenic areas of mice of all relevant Ras-GRF genotypes suggesting that the neurogenic role of Ras-GRF2 is exerted in a cell-autonomous manner through a specific transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gómez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Jimeno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rósula García-Navas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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